摘要：人(ren)工智能的迅速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，開(kai)展(zhan)繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)教育成為高(gao)職現代化教育發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的重點之一，本文基于人(ren)工智能發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)契機，結(jie)合調(diao)(diao)查高(gao)職院校人(ren)員內繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)教育培(pei)訓現狀、學習態度及其影響(xiang)因素方面(mian)進行了調(diao)(diao)查研究，為提高(gao)教師自身業務提供(gong)良好的依據。

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：人工智能；模式研究；繼續教育

人工智能(neng)的迅速發展，高(gao)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師應對教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)內容(rong)及(ji)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)措施逐漸多元化(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)方向發展。高(gao)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)院(yuan)校的專(zhuan)業技術教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)培(pei)養模(mo)式(shi)面臨很大挑(tiao)戰及(ji)困難，因此高(gao)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師繼續教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)面臨著一個(ge)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)模(mo)式(shi)轉變，現(xian)代化(hua)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的必經之路(lu)。

一、人工智能時代

云計算與大(da)數據(ju)的廣泛(fan)應用，5G互(hu)聯網興起，人工(gong)智能得(de)到(dao)了(le)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展，對(dui)職業教育沖擊很大(da)。人工(gong)智能對(dui)現有的職業教育現狀(zhuang)起到(dao)了(le)推動作用。課題(ti)組對(dui)河北幾所職業院校調查后，對(dui)上述問(wen)題(ti)做出(chu)較為系統的分析，對(dui)高職教師繼續教育現有的辦學模式、課程內容及信(xin)息化提出(chu)了(le)挑戰。

二、人工(gong)智能(neng)時代的繼(ji)續教育

摘要(yao)：在(zai)(zai)人工(gong)智能時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現在(zai)(zai)，傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)管(guan)理(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉型工(gong)作顯得十分(fen)必要(yao)，其不僅能夠很好地幫(bang)助到企業(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)層進行相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)策和(he)(he)經(jing)營(ying)活(huo)動，而(er)(er)且還可以(yi)(yi)更好地推(tui)動企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展與創(chuang)新(xin)。而(er)(er)人工(gong)智能的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關技術在(zai)(zai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用，也為傳(chuan)統(tong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)管(guan)理(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉型提供了相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術條(tiao)件。但是(shi)受(shou)限于企業(ye)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務管(guan)理(li)(li)觀念，財(cai)務會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)人工(gong)智能背景下向(xiang)管(guan)理(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過渡(du)和(he)(he)轉型的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動在(zai)(zai)進行過程(cheng)中(zhong)遇(yu)到了許多(duo)挑戰和(he)(he)阻(zu)礙，本文在(zai)(zai)分(fen)析了傳(chuan)統(tong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)管(guan)理(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過渡(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎之上，展開了對于充(chong)分(fen)利用人工(gong)智能實現企業(ye)財(cai)務會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)管(guan)理(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)轉型策略的(de)(de)(de)(de)討論，以(yi)(yi)期能夠為相(xiang)(xiang)關從(cong)業(ye)人員提供幫(bang)助和(he)(he)參考。

關鍵詞(ci)：人(ren)工智能;財務會計(ji);管理會計(ji)

在(zai)我國(guo)市場經濟長足發展的(de)(de)(de)近幾年(nian)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之間的(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭也日趨激烈和膠(jiao)著，使得企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)更(geng)(geng)加注重企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)和提(ti)(ti)升，精細化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)概念越來越深入企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)層的(de)(de)(de)視野。而(er)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)作為(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)最為(wei)重要的(de)(de)(de)一環，在(zai)越來越激烈的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭大環境(jing)之下，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)層就更(geng)(geng)加需要會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)部門(men)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)除企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)務信(xin)息(xi)之外的(de)(de)(de)更(geng)(geng)多(duo)信(xin)息(xi)和數據(ju)，比如對(dui)于財(cai)務等其(qi)他信(xin)息(xi)和數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)分析從(cong)而(er)得出的(de)(de)(de)相關報告，為(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)層作出決策提(ti)(ti)供(gong)可靠的(de)(de)(de)參(can)考。目前(qian)我國(guo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展進步十分顯著，計(ji)(ji)算手段(duan)(duan)不斷(duan)更(geng)(geng)新，從(cong)之前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)手工(gong)計(ji)(ji)算進入了對(dui)計(ji)(ji)算機的(de)(de)(de)熟練運用(yong)(yong)階段(duan)(duan)，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)近年(nian)來人工(gong)智能思(si)想的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)涌入和技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)量(liang)化(hua)(hua)運用(yong)(yong)，使得會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)運算和分析能力(li)普(pu)遍提(ti)(ti)升，節省了大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)人力(li)財(cai)力(li)物(wu)力(li)，促進了管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)在(zai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)應用(yong)(yong)，也就促成了傳統會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)向管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)轉型。

1人工智能概述

人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)是用于(yu)開發、模擬、延(yan)伸和擴展人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)論、方法、技(ji)術及(ji)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)門新興的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術學(xue)科。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為計(ji)(ji)算機運用的(de)(de)(de)高級(ji)(ji)體現，它旨在(zai)(zai)(zai)計(ji)(ji)算機基(ji)礎之上，研究(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)(neng)夠以(yi)接近人(ren)(ren)(ren)類智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)或者(zhe)思維處理(li)(li)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，從而幫助人(ren)(ren)(ren)類從繁瑣的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)解(jie)(jie)脫，從事更加(jia)有意義的(de)(de)(de)事情。現如今(jin)，世(shi)界各(ge)國都在(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)快人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)更高級(ji)(ji)別研究(jiu)(jiu)，目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)研究(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)果也(ye)開始走(zou)進人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)(chang)生活，比(bi)如自動駕(jia)駛(shi)的(de)(de)(de)初步實(shi)現以(yi)及(ji)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)家居的(de)(de)(de)初步實(shi)現等(deng)(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)實(shi)際(ji)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用。在(zai)(zai)(zai)數(shu)十年之前(qian)，我國的(de)(de)(de)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)行業(ye)(ye)還在(zai)(zai)(zai)普(pu)遍應(ying)(ying)(ying)用手工(gong)(gong)(gong)記賬的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，企業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)也(ye)需(xu)要大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員從事相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，來應(ying)(ying)(ying)對企業(ye)(ye)經營中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)計(ji)(ji)算工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)遇到問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候也(ye)往(wang)往(wang)需(xu)要大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)區找出問(wen)(wen)題(ti)癥結所在(zai)(zai)(zai)，十分費(fei)時(shi)費(fei)力。當前(qian)隨(sui)著計(ji)(ji)算機技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)及(ji)，財(cai)(cai)務(wu)類APP能(neng)(neng)夠幫助會(hui)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員減少許多的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)(liang)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提升了會(hui)計(ji)(ji)部門的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率(lv)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)不久的(de)(de)(de)將來，我們的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)即將進入人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)代，相信屆時(shi)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)出現將代替人(ren)(ren)(ren)類財(cai)(cai)務(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員進行日(ri)常(chang)(chang)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報表的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)(deng)繁瑣的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。隨(sui)著人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)普(pu)及(ji)，傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)行業(ye)(ye)將被人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)機器人(ren)(ren)(ren)取代，向管理(li)(li)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)轉型(xing)也(ye)就勢(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)必行。

2財(cai)務會計(ji)與管理會計(ji)的主要內涵(han)

摘要：隨著(zhu)信息化技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)發展，人(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)開始出現，其應用的(de)(de)(de)領域也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛，加(jia)大(da)了(le)對全球經濟(ji)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。人(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)力發展將會(hui)(hui)(hui)使經濟(ji)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)發生翻天覆地(di)的(de)(de)(de)變化，會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)行業(ye)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)例外。因此，文(wen)章以人(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時代(dai)為(wei)背景，簡(jian)要闡(chan)述了(le)財(cai)務(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)與管(guan)理會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)聯系與區別，分(fen)析了(le)人(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時代(dai)財(cai)務(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)向(xiang)管(guan)理會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)轉型的(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要性(xing)和可行性(xing),并提出了(le)人(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時代(dai)財(cai)務(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)向(xiang)管(guan)理會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)轉型的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)策(ce)略，以為(wei)會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)變革提供一些參考依(yi)據。

關鍵(jian)詞：人(ren)工智能；財務會計；管理會計；轉型

“人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)”一詞最早是(shi)在1956年Dartmouth學(xue)(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)上提出(chu)(chu)的(de)。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)自誕生(sheng)以來(lai)，理論和(he)技術日益(yi)成熟，應用領域不斷(duan)擴大，從人(ren)(ren)臉識(shi)別、計(ji)算(suan)機視覺、專家系統(tong)到自動(dong)程(cheng)序設計(ji)、機器人(ren)(ren)學(xue)(xue)、遺(yi)傳編(bian)程(cheng)等。研(yan)究者們發展(zhan)了眾多理論和(he)原理，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)概念也隨之擴展(zhan)。隨著人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、互聯網和(he)云計(ji)算(suan)技術的(de)不斷(duan)發展(zhan)，全球經濟社會(hui)(hui)(hui)受到極大的(de)影(ying)響。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時代(dai)背景下，海量數據(ju)對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財務(wu)管(guan)理工(gong)作產生(sheng)很大影(ying)響，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)辦(ban)公朝著數據(ju)化方向發展(zhan)，傳統(tong)的(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財務(wu)管(guan)理模式不能(neng)(neng)適應新的(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)要求(qiu)，這給(gei)會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)從業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員帶來(lai)更大的(de)挑戰，也促(cu)進了企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)要從財務(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)向管(guan)理會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)轉型。本文(wen)通過對(dui)財務(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)與管(guan)理會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)的(de)大致比較提出(chu)(chu)轉型的(de)相關策略。

一、人工(gong)智能時(shi)代財務會計向(xiang)管理會計轉型的必要(yao)性

（一）財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉型(xing)是信(xin)(xin)息技術發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)(ran)趨(qu)勢。人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)，計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算機(ji)技術也(ye)(ye)取得了(le)飛(fei)躍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，其應用范圍不(bu)斷擴大(da)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)經營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)程中(zhong)，越來越傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)于利用計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算機(ji)軟(ruan)件處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，這樣不(bu)僅可(ke)以提(ti)(ti)高財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率(lv)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以減(jian)少錯誤(wu)發(fa)(fa)生，提(ti)(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)質量(liang)。伴隨(sui)著工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)，財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員從大(da)量(liang)繁(fan)瑣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)解放出(chu)來，有更(geng)多時(shi)(shi)間去(qu)(qu)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據分析工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，為(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經營決(jue)策(ce)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)科(ke)學(xue)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建議。因(yin)而(er)，人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉型(xing)是信(xin)(xin)息技術發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)所推動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是一種必然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢。（二(er)）財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉型(xing)是適(shi)應時(shi)(shi)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。在(zai)(zai)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)背景(jing)下，隨(sui)著大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)息數(shu)(shu)(shu)據越來越多元(yuan)化(hua)(hua)，這就要(yao)(yao)(yao)求企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對數(shu)(shu)(shu)據進行全方位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析，為(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)更(geng)多決(jue)策(ce)有用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息，從而(er)強化(hua)(hua)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部控制，提(ti)(ti)高經濟(ji)效益(yi)。然(ran)(ran)而(er)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)只能(neng)(neng)簡單地對數(shu)(shu)(shu)據進行記(ji)錄與(yu)整理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，缺乏對數(shu)(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)把握與(yu)判斷能(neng)(neng)力(li)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)為(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)目標而(er)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。相比(bi)之(zhi)下，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則(ze)可(ke)以對龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據進行科(ke)學(xue)地加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，綜合分類管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，并站在(zai)(zai)全局(ju)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)角度對企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未來進行規劃，優化(hua)(hua)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。因(yin)而(er)，在(zai)(zai)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)已無法滿足(zu)時(shi)(shi)展(zhan)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景(jing)下，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性是十分明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉型(xing)則(ze)是適(shi)應時(shi)(shi)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)(ran)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。（三）財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉型(xing)是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自身發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。隨(sui)著人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心競爭力(li)不(bu)斷趨(qu)于細化(hua)(hua)，財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)信(xin)(xin)息作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎性數(shu)(shu)(shu)據，有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挖(wa)掘(jue)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)反映過(guo)去(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)事項，很難(nan)從原(yuan)始會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)資料里挖(wa)掘(jue)出(chu)有價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息，已無法滿足(zu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)及信(xin)(xin)息化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。而(er)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)僅能(neng)(neng)反映過(guo)去(qu)(qu)，還(huan)能(neng)(neng)把握好當下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)還(huan)可(ke)以預估企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經營發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)狀況，為(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者提(ti)(ti)供(gong)決(jue)策(ce)有用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)性意見。因(yin)而(er)，在(zai)(zai)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)背景(jing)下，財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉型(xing)是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自身發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)(ran)需(xu)(xu)求。

二、人工智(zhi)能時(shi)代會計(ji)轉(zhuan)型中面臨的問題

摘要：近年來，人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在各行(xing)各業中已經(jing)開(kai)始應(ying)用(yong)，對(dui)社會生產、人(ren)(ren)民生活、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)等(deng)起到了重要的(de)作用(yong)。“雙師(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)要具(ju)備(bei)(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)校教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)資格，符合高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)法(fa)的(de)規定，在職稱之外還需(xu)要具(ju)備(bei)(bei)社會實(shi)(shi)踐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力和經(jing)驗(yan)，是(shi)雙重素質(zhi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)。人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)于構建高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)“雙師(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)團隊(dui)有非常重要的(de)現實(shi)(shi)意義(yi)，符合我國當前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)改革(ge)的(de)要求，結合互聯網信息技(ji)術提高(gao)(gao)(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)效率(lv)，更有利于培養應(ying)用(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)。“雙師(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”型(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)兼具(ju)理(li)論和實(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)，使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術是(shi)未來教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)發展趨勢(shi)。基(ji)于此(ci)，該(gai)文首先對(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)下“雙師(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)重要性(xing)進行(xing)了明晰(xi)，深入分析了“雙師(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)創新(xin)團隊(dui)建設的(de)現實(shi)(shi)困境，最后提出了高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)“雙師(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)完善建議。

關鍵詞(ci)：高(gao)等教育；人工智能；雙師型(xing)；教學研究(jiu)

人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能技(ji)術(shu)是先進(jin)的(de)(de)科技(ji)，隨(sui)著人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)各個行業的(de)(de)應用，對(dui)社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起到了(le)重要的(de)(de)作用，使(shi)人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)生(sheng)活越來(lai)越便利。當前我國(guo)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能技(ji)術(shu)主要在(zai)以下(xia)行業中被(bei)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)應用，例如(ru)：醫療、農業、工(gong)(gong)業、交通(tong)(tong)、金融(rong)、效應及(ji)物(wu)流等(deng)，這些行業都與人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)生(sheng)活息(xi)息(xi)相(xiang)關。通(tong)(tong)過人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能技(ji)術(shu)和(he)互(hu)聯網技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)有(you)效結合，能夠使(shi)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)拓寬(kuan)信息(xi)獲(huo)取(qu)渠(qu)道、轉變(bian)自(zi)身的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學理念(nian)、學習更加(jia)科學合理的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學方法、促(cu)進(jin)校(xiao)(xiao)企合作、深化(hua)人(ren)機(ji)協同，對(dui)于構建“雙師(shi)型(xing)”高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)隊伍可以發(fa)揮(hui)重要作用[1]。因此，高(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)開展(zhan)(zhan)過程中就(jiu)需要利用先進(jin)的(de)(de)科學技(ji)術(shu)，積極地尋找科學有(you)效的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學改革途徑，從而能夠改變(bian)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學的(de)(de)僵化(hua)模(mo)式，全面推進(jin)“雙師(shi)型(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。基于此，該文著重對(dui)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能下(xia)“雙師(shi)型(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學進(jin)行了(le)深入的(de)(de)研究。

1高等(deng)教育人工智能下(xia)“雙師(shi)型”教學的重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)

近年(nian)來，我國(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)已經(jing)(jing)逐漸成(cheng)(cheng)為信息化(hua)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園，信息化(hua)技術(shu)(shu)、互聯網(wang)技術(shu)(shu)可以與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)進行良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)合(he)，無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)管理(li)(li)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水平都起到(dao)了促(cu)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。雖然(ran)上述高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技已經(jing)(jing)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)實施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)仍然(ran)遇到(dao)了很多(duo)(duo)阻礙，導(dao)致高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)理(li)(li)念、內容、方法與高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技之間融(rong)合(he)程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮出(chu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應有(you)(you)(you)(you)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。構(gou)建“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)體系需(xu)(xu)要(yao)結合(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技，只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)這樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)理(li)(li)論(lun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)與實踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)共同推進[2]。“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)以下(xia)兩方面(mian)(mian)重(zhong)要(yao)意義(yi)。第一，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)掌握程(cheng)度(du)，滿足(zu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)培養(yang)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，使其成(cheng)(cheng)為高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與創新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)基(ji)礎。基(ji)于(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代(dai)背景下(xia)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)具備(bei)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為國(guo)家培養(yang)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)、促(cu)進人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)供必要(yao)保障。第二，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本需(xu)(xu)要(yao)。在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專業(ye)(ye)技能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)備(bei)受(shou)關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升也備(bei)受(shou)關(guan)注(zhu)。自(zi)2018年(nian)4月教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部公布《教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)2.0行動計劃》以來，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力提(ti)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)進目標和(he)措施(shi)也越來越明確，但其成(cheng)(cheng)效甚微[3]。在(zai)此背景下(xia)，加(jia)快提(ti)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力成(cheng)(cheng)為高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)要(yao)求(qiu)。第三，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)應多(duo)(duo)樣化(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。在(zai)這個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)代(dai)，傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)方式和(he)內容已經(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)性化(hua)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。在(zai)日益多(duo)(duo)元化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)具備(bei)強大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保證(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，從而(er)為企業(ye)(ye)輸送先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)實踐(jian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)加(jia)強高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)建設(she)(she)，不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)順應教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)現代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢，而(er)且對(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)長也有(you)(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)大(da)影響(xiang)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當前我國(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)改(gai)革中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)之重(zhong)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)資(zi)源質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)隊伍(wu)素(su)質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)任(ren)務[4]。從觀(guan)念轉變、制度(du)健全、個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)素(su)質(zhi)這3個(ge)方面(mian)(mian)探索建立“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”評(ping)價標準(zhun)，提(ti)出(chu)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)網(wang)絡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)促(cu)進“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建議(yi)，符(fu)合(he)條件者則可認定(ding)為是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應該(gai)從專業(ye)(ye)技術(shu)(shu)資(zi)格(ge)方面(mian)(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行審查，審查是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)技術(shu)(shu)資(zi)格(ge)、專業(ye)(ye)和(he)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)格(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)一致、獲得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)證(zheng)書是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)與職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)格(ge)相匹配，確保能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)加(jia)強高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)隊伍(wu)建設(she)(she)。

2“雙師(shi)(shi)型”教師(shi)(shi)教學創新團隊建設的現實困境

摘要：隨著人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技術的不斷(duan)發(fa)展，一(yi)些簡單的工(gong)種將(jiang)會被(bei)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)產物(wu)所替代(dai)，由此(ci)引(yin)發(fa)全新的市(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)革命。在(zai)這(zhe)樣(yang)的時代(dai)背景下，高(gao)(gao)職(zhi)院校(xiao)外語教(jiao)(jiao)師要準確認(ren)知(zhi)時展趨(qu)勢，不斷(duan)結(jie)合信(xin)息(xi)素養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方式(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)工(gong)作水平，為國家培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出更多的人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)專業性人(ren)才。該文對(dui)信(xin)息(xi)素養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)概念進(jin)行(xing)分析，由此(ci)得出外語教(jiao)(jiao)師擁有較高(gao)(gao)信(xin)息(xi)素養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)力的意義，并結(jie)合現(xian)有培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)中存在(zai)的問題，從(cong)學(xue)校(xiao)和教(jiao)(jiao)師兩個層面(mian)就(jiu)如(ru)何提(ti)高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)職(zhi)外語教(jiao)(jiao)師信(xin)息(xi)素養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)路(lu)徑思考，以期提(ti)升高(gao)(gao)職(zhi)院校(xiao)信(xin)息(xi)素養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)效果。

關鍵(jian)詞：高職院校；外(wai)語教學；信(xin)息素(su)養(yang)

科(ke)技引領社會發(fa)展，現階段信(xin)(xin)息技術(shu)的(de)飛速(su)發(fa)展為人(ren)(ren)們交(jiao)流(liu)提(ti)供了(le)日(ri)益廣闊的(de)網絡平臺(tai)，借由高速(su)、便捷的(de)信(xin)(xin)息交(jiao)流(liu)渠道，教育(yu)(yu)信(xin)(xin)息得(de)以(yi)面向更多受眾及時(shi)宣傳。在人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能技術(shu)快速(su)發(fa)展的(de)時(shi)代背(bei)景下，國(guo)內(nei)高職院校應當不斷促進(jin)教師提(ti)升自身(shen)信(xin)(xin)息素養(yang)能力，以(yi)改善外語(yu)教育(yu)(yu)效果(guo)，完(wan)成教學育(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)目標，提(ti)高學生應用外語(yu)知識去強化自身(shen)科(ke)技水平的(de)能力，在人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能時(shi)代中再(zai)創佳績(ji)。

1信(xin)息素養概念分析

國外信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)產業最早(zao)提出“信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)素(su)養”這一(yi)理(li)(li)念(nian)，人(ren)類(lei)可(ke)借助信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)工具(ju)作為信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)源頭，將(jiang)不同種(zhong)類(lei)問(wen)題(ti)加以技術性改善，由此(ci)便(bian)(bian)能充分提升問(wen)題(ti)處理(li)(li)效(xiao)率。信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)素(su)養還(huan)可(ke)被解讀為當人(ren)們對某類(lei)媒介信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)進行(xing)理(li)(li)解時(shi)，需要在生活、發展上(shang)進行(xing)應用(yong)的能力。人(ren)工智能時(shi)代，信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)素(su)養應具(ju)備創新應用(yong)能力，來保證(zheng)技術的領先，比如應用(yong)在教育教學(xue)(xue)領域中的信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)素(su)養，教師便(bian)(bian)可(ke)借助各類(lei)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)技術能力將(jiang)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)知識進行(xing)有效(xiao)傳遞，由此(ci)達到更好的教學(xue)(xue)效(xiao)果。

2高職外語教師發展信息素養(yang)的意義

[摘要]隨著我國科(ke)技(ji)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)，人(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)無論在(zai)理論知識方面，還是(shi)在(zai)實(shi)踐應(ying)用方面都有著不斷提高。由(you)于其運營服務的(de)可靠性(xing)和穩定性(xing)比(bi)較顯著，在(zai)各(ge)領域(yu)均(jun)得(de)到了(le)廣(guang)泛的(de)應(ying)用。比(bi)如，在(zai)財(cai)會領域(yu)中，人(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)有效(xiao)提升了(le)財(cai)會工作(zuo)的(de)效(xiao)率和質(zhi)量。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，也(ye)給財(cai)會人(ren)員的(de)自身工作(zuo)中帶(dai)來了(le)機遇和挑戰。因此，在(zai)財(cai)會領域(yu)廣(guang)泛運用人(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，對(dui)財(cai)會人(ren)員職業素養要求也(ye)發(fa)生了(le)改(gai)變(bian)，并需要其不斷地適(shi)應(ying)其崗(gang)位需求。

[關(guan)鍵詞]人工智能；財會領域；應用

目前(qian)，隨(sui)著人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)各(ge)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)廣泛應用，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提高了(le)(le)各(ge)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)技(ji)術發展。在(zai)(zai)財(cai)會(hui)領(ling)域(yu)中，人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)財(cai)會(hui)數據(ju)的(de)(de)收(shou)集、識(shi)別和(he)(he)處理方(fang)面提供了(le)(le)強大的(de)(de)技(ji)術支持，極大地提升了(le)(le)財(cai)會(hui)工作的(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)和(he)(he)質量(liang)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升了(le)(le)企業(ye)的(de)(de)核心(xin)競爭力和(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)，并為企業(ye)管理者(zhe)提供了(le)(le)科(ke)學(xue)、有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)決策依據(ju)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)地促進(jin)了(le)(le)財(cai)會(hui)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)全(quan)面發展。本文(wen)重點(dian)對人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)財(cai)會(hui)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)應用展開討論，并提出建議(yi)。

1.人(ren)工智能技(ji)術簡介

人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)指(zhi)通(tong)過對(dui)人(ren)類行為(wei)的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)仿，以(yi)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)形式(shi)加以(yi)實(shi)現，實(shi)現形式(shi)以(yi)計(ji)算機(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)主。計(ji)算機(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)科學(xue)知(zhi)識為(wei)基礎，通(tong)過模(mo)(mo)仿人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)行為(wei)，比如，學(xue)習、思考(kao)、行為(wei)等方(fang)式(shi)，從(cong)(cong)而設計(ji)出(chu)以(yi)解決(jue)人(ren)們(men)需求(qiu)為(wei)主的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化計(ji)算機(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)運用計(ji)算機(ji)知(zhi)識，模(mo)(mo)仿人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)思維(wei)和行為(wei)方(fang)式(shi)，并實(shi)行其程序(xu)化，從(cong)(cong)而解決(jue)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)日常(chang)需求(qiu)，提高了人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)工(gong)作效率。目前，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)可以(yi)實(shi)現語(yu)音識別、自然語(yu)言處理、圖像處理等方(fang)面。

2.人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)技術的穩(wen)定性(xing)特性(xing)

摘要：智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)變革(ge)我們(men)工作、學習、生(sheng)活方(fang)式的同時(shi)，也(ye)對高等教(jiao)育(yu)的發展提出了(le)挑(tiao)戰。從人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)養(yang)、學科(ke)建設、教(jiao)育(yu)治理(li)三方(fang)面(mian)分析了(le)高等教(jiao)育(yu)走(zou)向智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)代所(suo)面(mian)臨(lin)的挑(tiao)戰，并(bing)提出了(le)積極(ji)探索(suo)應用技(ji)術(shu)支持大(da)學生(sheng)個性化(hua)、全面(mian)發展，培(pei)育(yu)面(mian)向智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)代的高校教(jiao)師，大(da)力培(pei)養(yang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)復(fu)合型(xing)人(ren)(ren)才和人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)應用人(ren)(ren)才，加強多學科(ke)協同交叉，優化(hua)人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)學科(ke)課(ke)程(cheng)體(ti)系布局，提升高等教(jiao)育(yu)管(guan)理(li)者在(zai)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)代的決策力等建議。

關(guan)鍵詞(ci)：高等教育；智(zhi)能時代；挑戰；應對

人(ren)類正(zheng)(zheng)處在(zai)(zai)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能時(shi)(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)門(men)檻上(shang)，互聯網、大數據、云(yun)計算和物聯網等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)不斷(duan)發展(zhan)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能對話(hua)和推(tui)薦、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能穿戴設(she)備、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能語言(yan)翻譯、自動駕駛(shi)、自動導航等(deng)正(zheng)(zheng)快速進(jin)入實用階段。新產品、新技(ji)術(shu)、新業態在(zai)(zai)改變人(ren)們工作(zuo)、學(xue)習(xi)和生活方式(shi)，也變革(ge)著我們的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)育。慕課和移動通訊使學(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)泛在(zai)(zai)學(xue)習(xi)成為可(ke)能[1]，AR與VR提(ti)(ti)升了學(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)體驗性[2]，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能助教(jiao)(jiao)可(ke)以(yi)為學(xue)生提(ti)(ti)供24小時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)線的(de)(de)(de)答疑(yi)服(fu)務[3]，人(ren)臉識別門(men)禁系統(tong)一定程(cheng)度上(shang)利于校園的(de)(de)(de)安全管(guan)理[4]等(deng)。高(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)育在(zai)(zai)享(xiang)受這(zhe)些(xie)由技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)步所帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能成果的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，也面臨著挑(tiao)戰：智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能時(shi)(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才需求和技(ji)術(shu)變革(ge)需要(yao)人(ren)才培養做出(chu)怎(zen)樣的(de)(de)(de)調整？智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能時(shi)(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)到來需要(yao)學(xue)科(ke)建設(she)做出(chu)怎(zen)樣的(de)(de)(de)回應？智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧的(de)(de)(de)育人(ren)空間和管(guan)理形式(shi)需要(yao)教(jiao)(jiao)育治理做出(chu)怎(zen)樣的(de)(de)(de)應對？這(zhe)些(xie)都(dou)是正(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)走向智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能時(shi)(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)育必須(xu)回答的(de)(de)(de)問題。

智能時(shi)代，高等教育所面臨的挑戰

1.高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)社(she)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)所(suo)需(xu)(xu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)陣地(di)(di)(di)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)對(dui)(dui)多(duo)(duo)領域交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)、創新(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)、尖端(duan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)各類(lei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求以(yi)及(ji)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)對(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革，都要(yao)(yao)(yao)求高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)以(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)念和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)觀(guan)(guan)念與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，隨著(zhu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)復(fu)雜度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升，僅(jin)(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)(jin)依(yi)靠單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)將越來(lai)越難(nan)(nan)以(yi)完成(cheng)某項復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務。不僅(jin)(jin)(jin)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)，單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)窄、創新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力弱，以(yi)致(zhi)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)適(shi)應(ying)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，隨著(zhu)我(wo)國高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)由精英教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)過渡(du)到大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)眾(zhong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階(jie)段乃至普及(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階(jie)段，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)開始“工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)(di)(di)批量(liang)(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)”大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，造(zao)成(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)質(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)。然而(er)(er)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)具有(you)(you)(you)健全(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格、有(you)(you)(you)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)思維(wei)、有(you)(you)(you)全(quan)球視野、有(you)(you)(you)社(she)會(hui)(hui)責任感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)[5]，而(er)(er)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)質(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)”。尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)，更(geng)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、獨(du)特性(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。因此(ci)(ci)，單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)、批量(liang)(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將不再適(shi)應(ying)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)觀(guan)(guan)念必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。第二，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)扮演(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)色(se)(se)(se)須(xu)(xu)(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。在(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)堂傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)授(shou)以(yi)及(ji)實踐、論(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)承擔了(le)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)授(shou)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)色(se)(se)(se)，而(er)(er)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)動(dong)接(jie)收(shou)者(zhe)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)擁有(you)(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)機(ji)協(xie)作能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)息素(su)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)充分利(li)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)顯著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)作效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)所(suo)進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開放(fang)性(xing)(xing)、探(tan)索性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)。此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將承擔大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)核心素(su)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)者(zhe)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)道德情(qing)操(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)者(zhe)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)職業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)涯規(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)路(lu)者(zhe)角(jiao)色(se)(se)(se)；大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也將從知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)被(bei)動(dong)接(jie)收(shou)者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)探(tan)索者(zhe)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)主動(dong)獲取(qu)者(zhe)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)扮演(yan)角(jiao)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)為雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)所(suo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰。對(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來(lai)說，角(jiao)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)意味著(zhu)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)結構、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)慣和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)思維(wei)觀(guan)(guan)念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。他(ta)們必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)會(hui)(hui)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，否則將會(hui)(hui)被(bei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)[6]。他(ta)們必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)思考哪些(xie)(xie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，哪些(xie)(xie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自己要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，以(yi)證(zheng)明自己價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無可替代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)性(xing)(xing)。對(dui)(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)來(lai)說，角(jiao)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)意味著(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)觀(guan)(guan)念和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。他(ta)們要(yao)(yao)(yao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)助(zhu)下，以(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)機(ji)協(xie)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隨地(di)(di)(di)獲取(qu)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)、參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活動(dong)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧，實現個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)選擇性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。第三，評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)提(ti)供有(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監控與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)保(bao)障(zhang)[7]。為了(le)保(bao)證(zheng)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)觀(guan)(guan)念和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“經(jing)驗主義”“宏觀(guan)(guan)群體(ti)(ti)”“單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)”[8]的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)更(geng)注重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)(ti)獨(du)特性(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，因此(ci)(ci)“宏觀(guan)(guan)群體(ti)(ti)”“單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)適(shi)應(ying)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、開放(fang)性(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)地(di)(di)(di)融(rong)(rong)(rong)入了(le)個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)選擇性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元素(su)，因此(ci)(ci)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刀切”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)兼顧大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)助(zhu)下隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隨地(di)(di)(di)獲取(qu)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧，因此(ci)(ci)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“經(jing)驗主義”評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)據進行智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)動(dong)態追蹤。2.高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，對(dui)(dui)多(duo)(duo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求增多(duo)(duo)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被(bei)徹底改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也出(chu)(chu)現了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)之外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，如(ru)法律(lv)(lv)、倫理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)道德問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)遠(yuan)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單純的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個新(xin)(xin)(xin)場景中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)全(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)今天(tian)已經(jing)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)很(hen)少看到這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)研(yan)究，而(er)(er)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)[9]。要(yao)(yao)(yao)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)僅(jin)(jin)(jin)依(yi)靠單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)，必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)賴于多(duo)(duo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)協(xie)同(tong)，有(you)(you)(you)賴于文(wen)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)通、文(wen)理(li)(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)來(lai)研(yan)究和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)。因此(ci)(ci)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)對(dui)(dui)多(duo)(duo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求將會(hui)(hui)增多(duo)(duo)，不僅(jin)(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)內(nei)部(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)近學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)協(xie)同(tong)，還包括文(wen)科(ke)專業間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)、文(wen)科(ke)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)科(ke)專業間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)。第二，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)設置(zhi)存在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)力空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。近一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)迅猛，目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)北京航(hang)空(kong)航(hang)天(tian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、北京理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)35所(suo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)已經(jing)首批獲得(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設資(zi)格[10]。但(dan)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)設置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)仍存在(zai)不少發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)力空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專門(men)用(yong)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)還遠(yuan)遠(yuan)不夠(gou)(gou)。很(hen)多(duo)(duo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)專業仍使(shi)(shi)用(yong)計算機(ji)專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)呈空(kong)心化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)專門(men)用(yong)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)還遠(yuan)遠(yuan)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足需(xu)(xu)求，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)專業課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)濃縮到“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)級科(ke)普”程(cheng)(cheng)度[11]。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當前(qian)(qian)(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)專業課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)混亂。針對(dui)(dui)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)信(xin)(xin)息時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)疊融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡(du)狀態，如(ru)何設置(zhi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)還需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)深(shen)入研(yan)究[12]。3.高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。當前(qian)(qian)(qian)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)極大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)豐(feng)富(fu)了(le)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)、服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革了(le)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)結構，創新(xin)(xin)(xin)了(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)服(fu)務和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供給(gei)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)正(zheng)在(zai)體(ti)(ti)現出(chu)(chu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)特征的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)，我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。如(ru)何依(yi)靠智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，使(shi)(shi)我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)更(geng)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、更(geng)精準；如(ru)何借助(zhu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，使(shi)(shi)我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)更(geng)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；以(yi)及(ji)如(ru)何依(yi)托智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)產(chan)物實現精準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，從而(er)(er)減少高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投入……這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)革所(suo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。第二，指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)引(yin)領高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)進展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)緩慢。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)在(zai)給(gei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)帶來(lai)便利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也引(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列倫理(li)(li)(li)(li)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，如(ru)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)邊界、機(ji)器決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)信(xin)(xin)息泄露隱患等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。由于缺乏相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)法律(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)引(yin)領，當前(qian)(qian)(qian)基于智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)處(chu)于尚未起步或“摸石頭過河”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嘗試探(tan)索階(jie)段，亟需(xu)(xu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)領和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范(fan)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)研(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滯后性(xing)(xing)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)并規(gui)范(fan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)進展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)緩慢，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)引(yin)領智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)進展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)則更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緩慢。倘若這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現狀長期得(de)不到解(jie)決(jue)(jue)，將很(hen)難(nan)(nan)保(bao)障(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健康有(you)(you)(you)序發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

應對(dui)智能時代的挑戰(zhan)

摘要(yao)：人工(gong)智能技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)進步和發展(zhan)催生了第四次工(gong)業(ye)革命，極有可能導致全球價值鏈的(de)(de)(de)重構以及世界(jie)(jie)經濟貿易(yi)格(ge)局的(de)(de)(de)改變(bian)。世界(jie)(jie)主要(yao)經濟強國將(jiang)人工(gong)智能技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)作為(wei)產業(ye)競爭的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)優勢，由(you)此可知(zhi)，人工(gong)智能技(ji)術發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性。本(ben)文從全球價值鏈視角出發，對人工(gong)智能技(ji)術對國際(ji)貿易(yi)產生的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響進行研究。在(zai)此基礎上提(ti)出科(ke)學合理的(de)(de)(de)人工(gong)智能技(ji)術變(bian)革政策建議，希望本(ben)文的(de)(de)(de)研究結(jie)果(guo)能夠為(wei)相關工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)提(ti)供參考。

關(guan)鍵詞：人工智能(neng)技術；國際貿易；政策建議(yi)

人工智能作為新一代科技革命(ming)的引領以(yi)及(ji)主導。智能將革新技術生(sheng)(sheng)產以(yi)及(ji)范式(shi)方(fang)式(shi)，創新數據資源等生(sheng)(sheng)產要素，并使經濟(ji)中生(sheng)(sheng)產要素的回報(bao)份(fen)額發生(sheng)(sheng)改變，進而使各國比(bi)較優勢產生(sheng)(sheng)變化，對國際貿易(yi)格局(ju)產生(sheng)(sheng)影響。

一、人工智能(neng)技術變革對(dui)國際貿易(yi)產生的(de)影(ying)響

（一）對國際貿易規模產生的影響(xiang)

近些年，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟理(li)論(lun)模(mo)型以(yi)及(ji)數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)完善和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術檢驗對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)實證研(yan)究。人(ren)工(gong)技(ji)術變革(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)。企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易之(zhi)間有(you)著十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)緊密的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯(lian)性(xing)(xing)。異(yi)質性(xing)(xing)企(qi)業(ye)貿(mao)易理(li)論(lun)對(dui)(dui)企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯(lian)性(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)闡述(shu)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)企(qi)業(ye)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)開拓市場固(gu)定(ding)成(cheng)本(ben)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)較高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)擴大(da)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)市場規(gui)模(mo)。由此可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)，企(qi)業(ye)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力為依(yi)據(ju)做出(chu)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)決策，也就是出(chu)口(kou)(kou)自(zi)我(wo)選擇效(xiao)(xiao)應。在研(yan)究企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)進(jin)口(kou)(kou)二者之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯(lian)性(xing)(xing)時，引入了(le)(le)企(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)間品進(jin)口(kou)(kou)以(yi)及(ji)進(jin)口(kou)(kou)固(gu)定(ding)成(cheng)本(ben)決策，得(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)較高(gao)，愿意支付(fu)進(jin)口(kou)(kou)固(gu)定(ding)成(cheng)本(ben)，對(dui)(dui)企(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)間品的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入組合進(jin)行(xing)優(you)化(hua)(hua)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)，并(bing)(bing)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低可(ke)(ke)變成(cheng)本(ben)。根據(ju)上述(shu)可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)變革(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)擴大(da)國(guo)(guo)貿(mao)規(gui)模(mo)。首先(xian)，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展和(he)(he)(he)進(jin)步能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)，對(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)促進(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)用，并(bing)(bing)且使(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)更多(duo)地參與(yu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)全(quan)球價值鏈競爭(zheng)之(zhi)中(zhong)，對(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易發(fa)(fa)展產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)推(tui)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)。除(chu)此之(zhi)外，自(zi)由貿(mao)易能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)對(dui)(dui)資源進(jin)行(xing)重新配置(zhi)，增加進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品種類能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使(shi)(shi)市場競爭(zheng)程度(du)得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。受企(qi)業(ye)干中(zhong)學效(xiao)(xiao)應影(ying)(ying)響，國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易極(ji)有(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)人(ren)工(gong)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展和(he)(he)(he)創新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)反向推(tui)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)用，進(jin)而使(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。并(bing)(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)良(liang)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環。其(qi)次，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)擴大(da)國(guo)(guo)貿(mao)規(gui)模(mo)，并(bing)(bing)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低企(qi)業(ye)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)成(cheng)本(ben)。第(di)(di)一點，對(dui)(dui)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析技(ji)術進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用，將歷史客戶(hu)數(shu)據(ju)作(zuo)(zuo)為依(yi)據(ju)，對(dui)(dui)成(cheng)交客戶(hu)特征進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)挖掘(jue)，識別具有(you)成(cheng)交潛(qian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)客戶(hu)，采取(qu)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)編輯內容(rong)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建站、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)翻譯等科(ke)學技(ji)術對(dui)(dui)各個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)推(tui)送具備個(ge)性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息，從而實現自(zi)動(dong)營銷，對(dui)(dui)營銷效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)以(yi)及(ji)營銷精準(zhun)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)促進(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)用，并(bing)(bing)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低企(qi)業(ye)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)成(cheng)本(ben)。第(di)(di)二點，對(dui)(dui)物(wu)流(liu)大(da)數(shu)據(ju)、地圖優(you)化(hua)(hua)引擎、機(ji)器學習等科(ke)學技(ji)術進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)應用，制定(ding)科(ke)學合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配送方案，來(lai)減少物(wu)流(liu)運(yun)輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空載效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)，避免(mian)(mian)出(chu)現資源浪費(fei)，以(yi)及(ji)迂(yu)回運(yun)輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低出(chu)口(kou)(kou)成(cheng)本(ben)。第(di)(di)三(san)點，對(dui)(dui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)揀(jian)、搬運(yun)、機(ji)器視覺監聽管理(li)等科(ke)學技(ji)術進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)應用，從而實現自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)倉儲(chu)，使(shi)(shi)倉庫(ku)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)，并(bing)(bing)且采取(qu)大(da)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品需求(qiu)量進(jin)行(xing)預測，避免(mian)(mian)出(chu)現備貨量不(bu)足、庫(ku)存積壓等情況發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)節約出(chu)口(kou)(kou)成(cheng)本(ben)。

摘要(yao)(yao)(yao):智能技術(shu)的(de)(de)迅猛發展(zhan)(zhan)重(zhong)構了(le)教(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)形態，并對(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)提出(chu)了(le)新要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，引(yin)發了(le)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)在內容和方式(shi)方面的(de)(de)變革(ge)，進而形成了(le)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)新理(li)念和新實(shi)踐(jian)。為(wei)此，清晰認識教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)理(li)念變革(ge)，努力進行教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)實(shi)踐(jian)創新，積(ji)極探索智能技術(shu)賦能教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)路徑與方式(shi)，對(dui)(dui)于提升教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)水平，提高教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)整(zheng)體素質具有重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)意(yi)義。

關鍵(jian)詞(ci):人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng);智(zhi)能(neng)教(jiao)育;教(jiao)師專業發展

人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)與教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)不(bu)斷融合給教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)系統帶來了(le)巨大變革，同時也給教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)帶來了(le)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)時代(dai)的(de)機遇和挑戰(zhan)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)作為教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學活動(dong)的(de)主要(yao)實施者和關(guan)鍵因(yin)素，不(bu)論是國(guo)家、社會、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)自身都對教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)提出了(le)新(xin)(xin)的(de)要(yao)求。2018年1月(yue)，中共中央(yang)、國(guo)務院《關(guan)于全面深(shen)化(hua)新(xin)(xin)時代(dai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)隊(dui)伍建(jian)設(she)改革的(de)意見(jian)》指出，到2035年，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)主動(dong)適(shi)(shi)應信息化(hua)、人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)等新(xin)(xin)技術變革，積極有效開(kai)展(zhan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學［1］。人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)賦能(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)，如何適(shi)(shi)應智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)成為教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)所(suo)面臨的(de)主要(yao)問(wen)題，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)理念(nian)將產生變革，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)實踐將更(geng)具創新(xin)(xin)性，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)路徑與方式將更(geng)加多元(yuan)。

一、人工智能賦能教師(shi)專業發展

(一)教(jiao)師專業發展的理(li)念變革

1.教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)將(jiang)(jiang)回(hui)歸(gui)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)本(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)“教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)使教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)和(he)(he)受教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)都(dou)(dou)變得更(geng)(geng)完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職業(ye)。”人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)并非萬能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，并不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)代(dai)替(ti)(ti)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)最終(zhong)要以(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)本(ben)，回(hui)歸(gui)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)本(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)變革(ge)了教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，但不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)代(dai)替(ti)(ti)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)助推(tui)器。德國著(zhu)名哲學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)雅斯(si)貝爾斯(si)曾形(xing)象地(di)將(jiang)(jiang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)描繪為(wei)用一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)棵樹撼動(dong)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)棵樹，用一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朵(duo)云推(tui)動(dong)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朵(duo)云，用一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)心(xin)靈(ling)喚醒另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)心(xin)靈(ling)［2］。另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時代(dai)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命成長(chang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)否得到促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)衡量(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)領域(yu)應(ying)用有(you)效性的(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)標準(zhun)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)要關注到教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)性和(he)(he)縱深(shen)性，注重(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)個(ge)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)元(yuan)化、個(ge)性化的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求，因材施教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，啟發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)每個(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)性、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)動(dong)性和(he)(he)創(chuang)(chuang)造性，讓每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)都(dou)(dou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)全面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，成為(wei)最好的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己。2.教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)活(huo)動(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)更(geng)(geng)具(ju)創(chuang)(chuang)造性智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時代(dai)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)將(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)再是(shi)(shi)(shi)知識的(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)(geng)新和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓(xun)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)入(ru)理解和(he)(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)創(chuang)(chuang)新，更(geng)(geng)強調教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)活(huo)動(dong)具(ju)有(you)創(chuang)(chuang)造性。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸應(ying)用，已經(jing)覆(fu)蓋到了教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)很多(duo)(duo)(duo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，包括教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、評價和(he)(he)管(guan)理，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習和(he)(he)考試等(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)領域(yu)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)某種程(cheng)度(du)上代(dai)替(ti)(ti)了教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分勞(lao)動(dong)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曾經(jing)從事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)復講授、資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冗余搜集、作業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定時批改及(ji)(ji)事(shi)務性任務的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)工(gong)作，都(dou)(dou)由人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)成。另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，與以(yi)往信息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)具(ju)，更(geng)(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)超越了技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)具(ju)屬性。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應(ying)用智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)機(ji)協同(tong)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)化測評及(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)適應(ying)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習等(deng)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步代(dai)替(ti)(ti)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)活(huo)動(dong)，協助教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)決(jue)策(ce)。最后(hou)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)更(geng)(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間和(he)(he)精(jing)力去(qu)(qu)反思、去(qu)(qu)研(yan)究(jiu)，去(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)造性，更(geng)(geng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)深(shen)入(ru)溝(gou)通和(he)(he)交(jiao)流，更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)關注學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)身心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，去(qu)(qu)找(zhao)尋教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真正意義。3.教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)途徑將(jiang)(jiang)更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)多(duo)(duo)(duo)元(yuan)化教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)途徑將(jiang)(jiang)有(you)機(ji)融(rong)合課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、校(xiao)本(ben)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)和(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培訓(xun)這(zhe)三個(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)。林攀(pan)登認為(wei)，課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、校(xiao)本(ben)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)和(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培訓(xun)三者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)割裂是(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)存在(zai)諸多(duo)(duo)(duo)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)源(yuan)，三者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)實(shi)踐的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)途徑，具(ju)有(you)內在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)性［3］。校(xiao)本(ben)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)和(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培訓(xun)要基于教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)求，并從教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)踐問(wen)題(ti)出發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮研(yan)培工(gong)作績(ji)效，有(you)效地(di)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，在(zai)課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)備課(ke)(ke)、上課(ke)(ke)及(ji)(ji)課(ke)(ke)后(hou)反思中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)實(shi)際問(wen)題(ti)，并針(zhen)對這(zhe)些(xie)問(wen)題(ti)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)實(shi)踐探(tan)索(suo)，不(bu)斷改進(jin)(jin)(jin)課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)覺地(di)實(shi)現專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，在(zai)校(xiao)本(ben)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基于階段性研(yan)究(jiu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)重(zhong)難點以(yi)及(ji)(ji)在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遇(yu)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，與同(tong)伴交(jiao)流分享，并得到專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指導，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)放矢地(di)實(shi)現專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。最后(hou)，在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培訓(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通過專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)引領、實(shi)踐觀摩及(ji)(ji)與同(tong)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流分享，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習到系(xi)統(tong)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)和(he)(he)系(xi)列專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)，在(zai)開闊(kuo)視野的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，會(hui)(hui)有(you)深(shen)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反思，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)身也會(hui)(hui)有(you)所成長(chang)。

摘要：智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)是人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)深度融(rong)合的(de)(de)產物，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)在(zai)世界高校(xiao)的(de)(de)應(ying)用有了長足的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，并呈現加(jia)(jia)速發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)態(tai)勢，主要體現在(zai)：智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展推動自適應(ying)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)發(fa)(fa)展、異步(bu)課堂趨于完善(shan)，推動協作學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)發(fa)(fa)展；智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)內容(rong)重塑(su)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)科書，實現加(jia)(jia)速學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)；智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)輔導系統邁向(xiang)2.0，促進(jin)深度學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)實現對學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)行為的(de)(de)預測，推動教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師在(zai)“教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—學(xue)(xue)”關(guan)系中(zhong)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)輔助者角色，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)助教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)進(jin)一步(bu)發(fa)(fa)展協助教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師更加(jia)(jia)關(guan)注學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)；AI助力(li)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)設計，保證精(jing)準(zhun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)開展；學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)事務管(guan)理(li)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)，實時監(jian)督學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)走向(xiang)。人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)提升教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)質、塑(su)造(zao)虛擬教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)環境(jing)、變革智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)圖(tu)書館等過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，將學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)環境(jing)打造(zao)為更加(jia)(jia)開放的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)空(kong)間。為應(ying)對這樣的(de)(de)變化(hua)，我國智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)應(ying)樹立自適應(ying)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)理(li)念、堅持師生(sheng)需求導向(xiang)、提高教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)素養、成立智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)專業(ye)、加(jia)(jia)強應(ying)用效果評估(gu)，加(jia)(jia)速實現我國智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)在(zai)國際范圍由跟跑(pao)到領跑(pao)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)。

關鍵詞：國際比(bi)較(jiao)；智能教(jiao)育；高等教(jiao)育

2019年(nian)4月23日，美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)NMC發(fa)(fa)表2019地平線報(bao)告(gao)中(zhong)指出，未(wei)來四(si)到(dao)五年(nian)將(jiang)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)變革(ge)高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵節(jie)點[1]。2019年(nian)3月4日到(dao)8日，聯合國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)科(ke)文(wen)組(zu)織(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)巴(ba)黎教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)科(ke)文(wen)組(zu)織(zhi)總部(bu)舉(ju)行(xing)了(le)2019年(nian)移動學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)周，學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)周的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)題(ti)也(ye)圍繞著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)可(ke)持續發(fa)(fa)展[2]。來自(zi)130個國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家1500名教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與(yu)技(ji)術(shu)專家圍繞“如(ru)何(he)(he)利用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)來加強教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)”“如(ru)何(he)(he)確保在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)包容(rong)和(he)公(gong)平地使(shi)用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”等問題(ti)進行(xing)了(le)探討。我們發(fa)(fa)現，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)多數(shu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家，主(zhu)要由非國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家行(xing)為者，特別是私營(ying)部(bu)門，推動AI蓬勃發(fa)(fa)展，對(dui)AI的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展做(zuo)出敏(min)銳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反應，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)技(ji)術(shu)產業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速(su)擴張尤其引人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)注(zhu)目，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)課堂上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用越(yue)來越(yue)多，各國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都為教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)提供人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)解決(jue)方(fang)案[3]。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)度(du)重視(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)戰略(lve)影響，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2019年(nian)5月16日的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賀信中(zhong)指出，新(xin)時代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)度(du)重視(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深刻(ke)影響，積(ji)極推動人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)融合，促進教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)變革(ge)創(chuang)新(xin)。同(tong)時，高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肩負著科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)命(ming)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用不僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠提高(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養效率，更能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提升(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養質量。因此，提升(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用水(shui)平是實現我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)從跟跑(pao)(pao)、并跑(pao)(pao)到(dao)領跑(pao)(pao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要舉(ju)措。基(ji)于此，本文(wen)梳(shu)理(li)最新(xin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)實踐情(qing)況和(he)未(wei)來走(zou)向，并提出我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應對(dui)策(ce)略(lve)，為提升(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用水(shui)平提供參考(kao)。

一、從(cong)人(ren)工智能到(dao)智能教育

(一(yi)(yi)(yi))人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)涵。英國(guo)邏輯學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)和計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)先驅(qu)艾倫•馬西(xi)森•圖靈(ling)最(zui)早(zao)開(kai)(kai)啟了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)質性(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，圖靈(ling)關(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)如(ru)何(he)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)啟發(fa)(fa)式(shi)(shi)問(wen)題(ti)，從經驗中實(shi)(shi)(shi)現學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。1950年(nian)，著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖靈(ling)測(ce)(ce)試問(wen)世(shi)(shi)，測(ce)(ce)試中涉及(ji)(ji)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)陪襯與(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)詢(xun)問(wen)者(zhe)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)，結果(guo)發(fa)(fa)現，在(zai)(zai)(zai)看(kan)(kan)不(bu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)被(bei)試(計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)陪襯)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)詢(xun)問(wen)者(zhe)只通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)詢(xun)問(wen)無(wu)法辨(bian)別二(er)者(zhe)身(shen)份(fen)，據(ju)此揭示(shi)出(chu)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)備與(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力(li)(li)(li)。由(you)此可見(jian)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初衷(zhong)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上(shang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)仿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維(wei)，代(dai)(dai)替人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)做出(chu)決策(ce)。最(zui)早(zao)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1951年(nian)寫成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ChristopherStrachey，該程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)斷地(di)(di)試錯(cuo)、迭(die)代(dai)(dai)，完善自(zi)身(shen)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)，最(zui)終(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)完成一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跳(tiao)棋游(you)戲。隨后(hou)(hou)，約翰麥卡錫于(yu)(yu)1956年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)達特茅斯會議上(shang)首(shou)次創造(zao)了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)語(yu)。隨著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)展，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)涵也(ye)趨于(yu)(yu)完善。在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)英百(bai)科(ke)(ke)全(quan)(quan)(quan)書的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定義(yi)中，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指數(shu)字計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)執行與(yu)(yu)(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)[4]。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)術(shu)語(yu)經常被(bei)應(ying)(ying)用于(yu)(yu)所資助(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目。具(ju)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，如(ru)推理、發(fa)(fa)現意義(yi)、概括(kuo)或(huo)從過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去經驗中學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)其跨學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定義(yi)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)界定，不(bu)同(tong)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專家(jia)有(you)其不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側重點，但達成統一(yi)(yi)(yi)意見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)具(ju)備人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)思考(kao)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)行動、理性(xing)(xing)(xing)決斷以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)合(he)理形式(shi)(shi)四(si)方(fang)(fang)面特點[5]。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)具(ju)有(you)“強(qiang)”“弱”之(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)，“強(qiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)復制(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目標(biao)，開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)與(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)完全(quan)(quan)(quan)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統，“弱人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”則只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)讓(rang)系(xi)(xi)統運行，無(wu)需弄(nong)清楚人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推理過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。目前，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展介于(yu)(yu)“強(qiang)”“弱”之(zhi)(zhi)間，雖然(ran)(ran)實(shi)(shi)(shi)質性(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)展表明實(shi)(shi)(shi)現強(qiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)還存在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定困難(nan)(nan)，但強(qiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)未來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)走向(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展趨勢。皮爾(er)森與(yu)(yu)(yu)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)(倫敦大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan))2016年(nian)出(chu)版(ban)了(le)報(bao)告(gao)“智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)釋放：教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)論(lun)證”，報(bao)告(gao)將人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)論(lun)述(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統，旨在(zai)(zai)(zai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(例如(ru)視(shi)覺感知(zhi)(zhi)和語(yu)音識(shi)(shi)(shi)別)和智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)界互動(如(ru)評估可用消息，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)采取實(shi)(shi)(shi)現目標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)既定行動)，我們(men)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這(zhe)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)”[6]。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)(shi)其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)滲透在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)環節中，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)探討(tao)(tao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)中應(ying)(ying)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)也(ye)正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)由(you)。(二(er))智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誕生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。從歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)來(lai)(lai)看(kan)(kan)，過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)世(shi)(shi)紀，世(shi)(shi)界經歷了(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擴張(zhang)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)起源(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，無(wu)論(lun)東西(xi)方(fang)(fang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)都可稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)”。東方(fang)(fang)孔子推崇“有(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)無(wu)類(lei)(lei)”，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)采取不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)手(shou)段(duan)，傳授的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容也(ye)不(bu)盡相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)；同(tong)期，西(xi)方(fang)(fang)蘇格拉(la)底使(shi)(shi)用“產(chan)婆術(shu)”引(yin)導學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)深入學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)間是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)動態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、靈(ling)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)性(xing)(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。隨著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業革(ge)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)來(lai)(lai)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業社會對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)迅猛擴張(zhang)，班(ban)級授課制(zhi)應(ying)(ying)運而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)提(ti)高教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)效(xiao)率，將教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、作(zuo)業計劃(hua)、評分(fen)等全(quan)(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)都框(kuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評價也(ye)被(bei)局(ju)限在(zai)(zai)(zai)固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)描述(shu)中，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)靜態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、普遍(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師無(wu)暇顧及(ji)(ji)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興趣、特長(chang)或(huo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)風格，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)我發(fa)(fa)展被(bei)忽視(shi)。伴隨新(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)輪技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)革(ge)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，大(da)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)性(xing)(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼喚。“AI融(rong)入教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)取向(xiang)，如(ru)何(he)利(li)用AI技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)支(zhi)持教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)當(dang)(dang)前需要(yao)討(tao)(tao)論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課題(ti)”[7]。隨著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)展，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)際范圍煥發(fa)(fa)出(chu)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活力(li)(li)(li)。(三(san))智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)支(zhi)持。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)自(zi)萌芽至今已(yi)有(you)30年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)久，但國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外關(guan)于(yu)(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定義(yi)尚未形成統一(yi)(yi)(yi)意見(jian)。祝(zhu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庭(ting)提(ti)倡智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)，他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)協(xie)同(tong)作(zuo)用以(yi)(yi)(yi)優化(hua)(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)促(cu)進(jin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)美好(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未來(lai)(lai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)范式(shi)(shi)(智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)“祝(zhu)氏定義(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)義(yi))。在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)際上(shang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)AIED(ArtificialIntelligenceinEducation)指代(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用，其基(ji)礎(chu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)就(jiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)跨學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)AI和學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)、心(xin)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、神(shen)經科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)社會科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等科(ke)(ke)目)。Pearson報(bao)告(gao)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，AIED由(you)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)關(guan)鍵模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)組成，分(fen)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、領(ling)域(yu)(yu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)代(dai)(dai)表了(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)和專長(chang)，即如(ru)何(he)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)地(di)(di)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)(shi)用教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)手(shou)段(duan)；領(ling)域(yu)(yu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)又稱知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，代(dai)(dai)表如(ru)何(he)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)地(di)(di)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)世(shi)(shi)界知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)；學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)側重于(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解，包括(kuo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情緒狀態(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)等內(nei)(nei)(nei)容。這(zhe)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)互作(zuo)用，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)導師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)根據(ju)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)和需求(qiu)(qiu)，選擇最(zui)合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容提(ti)供(gong)給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中感知(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)不(bu)斷反饋到(dao)(dao)(dao)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)中，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)深度(du)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)等算(suan)(suan)(suan)法使(shi)(shi)得模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加豐富、更(geng)(geng)(geng)完整，進(jin)而使(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統更(geng)(geng)(geng)“智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)極(ji)大(da)地(di)(di)改變(bian)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用前景廣闊，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)克服(fu)傳統教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)途徑，有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)(yu)變(bian)革(ge)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)形式(shi)(shi)、為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)提(ti)供(gong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)性(xing)(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)務、為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師提(ti)供(gong)精準化(hua)(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)提(ti)供(gong)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)管理[8]。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)中涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)支(zhi)持包括(kuo)：(1)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)交互引(yin)擎(qing)：與(yu)(yu)(yu)用戶直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)擎(qing)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)交互引(yin)擎(qing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現有(you)趣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)聊(liao)天功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)；(2)NLP處理技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)：即自(zi)然(ran)(ran)語(yu)言(yan)處理技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)手(shou)段(duan)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)語(yu)言(yan)數(shu)據(ju)進(jin)行切(qie)分(fen)，編碼(ma)等過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)；(3)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)抽取：從自(zi)然(ran)(ran)語(yu)言(yan)數(shu)據(ju)中，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)進(jin)行識(shi)(shi)(shi)別，從中提(ti)取實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)信息，如(ru)(實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、關(guan)系(xi)(xi)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))三(san)元組；(4)KG推薦系(xi)(xi)統：基(ji)于(yu)(yu)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)圖論(lun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)，構建(jian)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)圖模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(即有(you)向(xiang)連(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)圖)；(5)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)特定場景的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細致切(qie)分(fen)與(yu)(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)相(xiang)(xiang)結合(he)：系(xi)(xi)統細分(fen)多個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)應(ying)(ying)用場景并(bing)融(rong)合(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)算(suan)(suan)(suan)法輔助(zhu)使(shi)(shi)用者(zhe)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)地(di)(di)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)；(6)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別：目前人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外發(fa)(fa)展都非常迅速，如(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)識(shi)(shi)(shi)別、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉(lian)(lian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比等技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)已(yi)經在(zai)(zai)(zai)多個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)得到(dao)(dao)(dao)運用，但總體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)而言(yan)，各(ge)(ge)種識(shi)(shi)(shi)別系(xi)(xi)統對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響都較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)敏感。

二、國際高校智(zhi)能教育的發(fa)展脈絡