高等教育人工智能下雙師型教學探討
時間:2022-09-16 11:02:15
導語:高等教(jiao)(jiao)育人工智(zhi)能下雙師型教(jiao)(jiao)學探討一文來源于網(wang)友上傳(chuan),不代表本站觀點,若需要原創文章可咨詢客服老師,歡迎參考。
摘要:近年來,人工智能在各行各業中已經開始應用,對社會生產、人民生活、教育等起到了重要的作用。“雙師型”教師要具備高校教師資格,符合高等教育法的規定,在職稱之外還需要具備社會實踐能力和經驗,是雙重素質型人才。人工智能對于構建高等教育“雙師型”教育團隊有非常重要的現實意義,符合我國當前教育改革的要求,結合互聯網信息技術提高教學效率(lv),更(geng)有利(li)于培養應用(yong)型(xing)人才。“雙(shuang)(shuang)師型(xing)”型(xing)教育兼具(ju)理論和實(shi)踐教育,使用(yong)人工(gong)智能技術(shu)是未來教育的(de)發展趨勢。基(ji)于此(ci),該文(wen)首先(xian)對高等(deng)教育人工(gong)智能下“雙(shuang)(shuang)師型(xing)”教學的(de)重要性進行了明晰,深入分析(xi)了“雙(shuang)(shuang)師型(xing)”教師教學創新團隊(dui)建(jian)設的(de)現實(shi)困境,最后提出(chu)了高等(deng)教育“雙(shuang)(shuang)師型(xing)”教學完善建(jian)議。
關鍵詞:高等(deng)教育;人工智(zhi)能;雙(shuang)師型;教學(xue)研(yan)究
人工智能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)是先進的(de)科技(ji)(ji)(ji),隨著人工智能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)各個行業(ye)的(de)應用,對(dui)(dui)社會的(de)發展(zhan)起到(dao)了重(zhong)要的(de)作用,使人民的(de)生活(huo)越(yue)來越(yue)便利(li)。當前我國人工智能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)主要在(zai)以(yi)下行業(ye)中被(bei)廣(guang)泛的(de)應用,例如:醫療(liao)、農業(ye)、工業(ye)、交通(tong)、金融、效應及物流(liu)等(deng)(deng),這些行業(ye)都與(yu)人民的(de)生活(huo)息(xi)息(xi)相關(guan)。通(tong)過人工智能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和互聯網技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)有(you)效結合,能(neng)(neng)夠使高校教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)拓寬信(xin)息(xi)獲取渠道、轉(zhuan)變自身的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)理(li)念、學(xue)(xue)習更加科學(xue)(xue)合理(li)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)方(fang)法、促進校企合作、深化(hua)(hua)人機(ji)協同,對(dui)(dui)于構(gou)建“雙(shuang)師(shi)型”高校教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)隊(dui)伍可(ke)以(yi)發揮重(zhong)要作用[1]。因此,高等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)開(kai)展(zhan)過程(cheng)中就(jiu)需(xu)要利(li)用先進的(de)科學(xue)(xue)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu),積極地尋(xun)找科學(xue)(xue)有(you)效的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)改革途徑,從而能(neng)(neng)夠改變高校教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)僵化(hua)(hua)模式,全面推進“雙(shuang)師(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)發展(zhan)。基(ji)于此,該文著重(zhong)對(dui)(dui)高等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)人工智能(neng)(neng)下“雙(shuang)師(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)進行了深入的(de)研究。
1高等教育人工智能下“雙師型”教學的重要性
近年來(lai),我(wo)國(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)已(yi)(yi)經逐漸成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)信息化校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園,信息化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、互聯網技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)合(he),無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)管理(li)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水平都起到了(le)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。雖然(ran)(ran)上(shang)述高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)已(yi)(yi)經在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)了(le)很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong),但是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)仍然(ran)(ran)遇(yu)到了(le)很多阻礙,導致高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)理(li)念(nian)、內容、方(fang)法(fa)與(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)融(rong)合(he)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)不高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),沒有充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)出高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)有作用(yong)(yong)。構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)體(ti)系需要(yao)(yao)(yao)結合(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科技(ji)(ji)(ji),只有這樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠對(dui)理(li)論(lun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)與(yu)實(shi)踐教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)共同推進(jin)(jin)[2]。“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)對(dui)于高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)具有以(yi)下兩方(fang)面(mian)(mian)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)意義(yi)。第一,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)于高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)掌握(wo)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du),滿(man)足高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)培養創新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),使其成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)基礎。基于新(xin)(xin)(xin)時代背(bei)景下,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只有具備較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li),才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家培養創新(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)、促(cu)進(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供必要(yao)(yao)(yao)保障(zhang)。第二,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本需要(yao)(yao)(yao)。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)備受(shou)關(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)升也(ye)(ye)備受(shou)關(guan)注。自2018年4月教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部公布《教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)2.0行(xing)動計劃》以(yi)來(lai),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)提(ti)(ti)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)(jin)目標和措施也(ye)(ye)越來(lai)越明確,但其成(cheng)效甚微[3]。在(zai)(zai)此背(bei)景下,加快提(ti)(ti)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)(ran)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。第三,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)適應(ying)多樣化教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)。在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時代,傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)方(fang)式(shi)和內容已(yi)(yi)經不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿(man)足高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)性化需求。在(zai)(zai)日益多元化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環境中(zhong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只有具備強(qiang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li),才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保證教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),從(cong)(cong)而為(wei)(wei)企業(ye)(ye)輸送(song)先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和實(shi)踐型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)加強(qiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she),不僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)順應(ying)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)現代化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢,而且對(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)成(cheng)長(chang)也(ye)(ye)有重(zhong)大(da)影響。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當前我(wo)國(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)改(gai)(gai)革中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)中(zhong)之重(zhong),教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)資(zi)源質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)隊伍(wu)素(su)質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)任(ren)務[4]。從(cong)(cong)觀念(nian)轉(zhuan)變、制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)健全、個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)素(su)質(zhi)這3個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)探索建(jian)(jian)(jian)立“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”評價標準,提(ti)(ti)出利(li)用(yong)(yong)網絡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)議,符合(he)條件者(zhe)則可(ke)認定為(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)該從(cong)(cong)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)資(zi)格(ge)(ge)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)對(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)審查(cha)(cha),審查(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)具有技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)資(zi)格(ge)(ge)、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)和職業(ye)(ye)資(zi)格(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)一致、獲得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)證書是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)與(yu)職業(ye)(ye)資(zi)格(ge)(ge)相匹(pi)配,確保能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)加強(qiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)隊伍(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)。
2“雙師型”教師教學創新團隊建設的現實困境
2.1“雙師型”教師數量短缺
教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)數量(liang)是(shi)高校教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)保障,“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)短缺必然(ran)制約教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)創新(xin)團(tuan)隊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)和(he)發(fa)(fa)展。只有(you)擁有(you)足夠數量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi),才能充分發(fa)(fa)揮團(tuan)隊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用,逐步推進高等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)模式和(he)人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源開發(fa)(fa)模式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革。目(mu)前,我(wo)國“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)并不完(wan)善,這對以后建設教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)創新(xin)團(tuan)隊就(jiu)存在一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻礙,而且標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容也不全面。2007年(nian)聯邦高等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)法修(xiu)正案第3條《教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)機構和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者資(zi)(zi)格(ge)(ge)》明確(que)規定(ding)并專(zhuan)(zhuan)門從事(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者和(he)企(qi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)必須具備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職業資(zi)(zi)格(ge)(ge)、人(ren)格(ge)(ge)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)(ge)和(he)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)(ge)監督[5]。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獲得(de)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業技(ji)能應具備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識和(he)能力體現(xian)了(le)德國高等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合性,對教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考核(he)非常全面。但是(shi),我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)水平考試過于注重專(zhuan)(zhuan)業和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)背景,沒有(you)進行(xing)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)水平考試,認(ren)證(zheng)標(biao)準(zhun)沒有(you)涵蓋(gai)各個科目(mu)。高等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)認(ren)證(zheng)標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)認(ren)證(zheng)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制定(ding)實施(shi)大多是(shi)由(you)該領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業人(ren)士和(he)學者,以及教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)行(xing)政部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員來完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)定(ding)標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)結果缺乏一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范性和(he)公正性。
2.2“雙(shuang)師型”隊伍(wu)建設緩(huan)慢(man)
建設“雙(shuang)(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)型”師(shi)(shi)(shi)資隊(dui)伍(wu)是我國高校人力資源(yuan)開(kai)發與創新(xin)的(de)重(zhong)要成(cheng)果(guo),也是我國高等教(jiao)育創新(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)重(zhong)要方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)。高校作為(wei)我國應用型人力資源(yuan)的(de)重(zhong)要輸出陣地,直接(jie)影響著高校教(jiao)育改革(ge)的(de)效率和(he)(he)師(shi)(shi)(shi)資隊(dui)伍(wu)建設的(de)速度和(he)(he)質量。目前(qian),大部分高校開(kai)始重(zhong)視培養“雙(shuang)(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi),但由于缺乏先(xian)進(jin)的(de)管理經驗(yan)和(he)(he)師(shi)(shi)(shi)資培訓經驗(yan),部分高校正(zheng)在開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)“雙(shuang)(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)型”師(shi)(shi)(shi)資培訓,只是還(huan)處于起步階段[6]。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,高校無法建立(li)完善的(de)“雙(shuang)(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)型”培養體系(xi),培養工作也存在諸多弊(bi)端;另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,“雙(shuang)(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)型”隊(dui)伍(wu)建設緩慢,尚未開(kai)發完整(zheng)的(de)職稱評分體系(xi),直接(jie)導致了很多教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)參(can)與培訓學習的(de)積極(ji)性明顯下降。
2.3校企命運共(gong)同體尚未形成
我國(guo)當前校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體并(bing)(bing)沒有(you)完全形(xing)成,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術人(ren)員和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)巧匠(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)任教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)道路并(bing)(bing)不(bu)平坦。產教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)融合、校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)合作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)打(da)造(zao)“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)團隊的(de)(de)(de)重要途徑(jing)。2019年(nian),教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育部發布《全國(guo)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)創(chuang)新(xin)團隊建設方(fang)(fang)案》,明確(que)指(zhi)出(chu)要推動(dong)(dong)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo),打(da)造(zao)人(ren)才、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)人(ren)才、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)資(zi)源,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)培(pei)養(yang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)資(zi)源,形(xing)成命(ming)(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體,主(zhu)張要深度參與(yu)(yu)(yu)配置幫助(zhu)[7]。其中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”也提出(chu)了明確(que)要求(qiu),鼓勵高(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)界(jie)形(xing)成命(ming)(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體。“命(ming)(ming)運(yun)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)互(hu)開放、相(xiang)互(hu)依賴、相(xiang)互(hu)促(cu)進(jin)、以(yi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贏為目標的(de)(de)(de)利益實(shi)(shi)體,這是(shi)(shi)一種學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)形(xing)式,那就是(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育。”然(ran)而(er),在(zai)(zai)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)合作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong),校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體尚未完全形(xing)成,導(dao)致產教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)緊密(mi)結合,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)真正參與(yu)(yu)(yu)到教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培(pei)訓過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)。“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育創(chuang)新(xin)團隊尚未使用優質的(de)(de)(de)內部資(zi)源,不(bu)能(neng)(neng)充分發揮(hui)“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)建設作(zuo)(zuo)用。國(guo)家高(gao)(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育改(gai)革實(shi)(shi)施方(fang)(fang)案明確(que)提出(chu),建立健全高(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兼(jian)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)主(zhu)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)方(fang)(fang)式,促(cu)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、先進(jin)人(ren)才與(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雙向流動(dong)(dong)。在(zai)(zai)“學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)需求(qiu)、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)動(dong)(dong)力、政策有(you)支(zhi)持(chi)”的(de)(de)(de)現實(shi)(shi)條件下,優秀的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仍然(ran)很少有(you)進(jin)入高(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)做兼(jian)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de),原(yuan)因在(zai)(zai)于以(yi)下幾點:一是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)政府引導(dao)或保障(zhang)機制,相(xiang)關文件中(zhong)(zhong)明確(que)了兼(jian)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing),但由于沒有(you)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)指(zhi)導(dao)或建議(yi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際情況難(nan)(nan)以(yi)操作(zuo)(zuo);二是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)兼(jian)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵有(you)限(xian),難(nan)(nan)以(yi)吸引優秀的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術人(ren)員和(he)(he)熟練的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)匠(jiang)(jiang)到高(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兼(jian)職(zhi)。兼(jian)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道路不(bu)暢的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)必(bi)須解決(jue),否則在(zai)(zai)打(da)造(zao)“雙師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)并(bing)(bing)舉”的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育創(chuang)新(xin)團隊的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)將會受到極大的(de)(de)(de)阻礙。
3高等教育“雙師型”教學完善建議
3.1人(ren)工智能(neng)賦能(neng)課堂理念變革(ge)
強化(hua)課(ke)堂(tang)觀念的(de)(de)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)轉型,關鍵在(zai)于整合思維,重構原有課(ke)堂(tang)的(de)(de)教(jiao)育(yu)價(jia)值,并通過(guo)行(xing)動指南(nan)和(he)具體(ti)的(de)(de)行(xing)動加以(yi)展示(shi)。“德、智(zhi)(zhi)、體(ti)、美(mei)、勞”同(tong)步發(fa)展,完成立德育(yu)人(ren)的(de)(de)基本任務,是人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)賦能(neng)(neng)課(ke)堂(tang)改革(ge)的(de)(de)價(jia)值取向。教(jiao)育(yu)高質量均衡(heng)發(fa)展,在(zai)維度上架起課(ke)堂(tang)空間(jian)、支(zhi)持線(xian)上線(xian)下混(hun)合教(jiao)育(yu)、深化(hua)資源(yuan)精準化(hua)、課(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)育(yu)持續創新、創新人(ren)才融合行(xing)動指南(nan)提(ti)供支(zhi)持以(yi)及(ji)知識轉移為(wei)(wei)核心的(de)(de)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)培養,實(shi)現人(ren)解決問題(ti)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力——聯合計算(suan)機教(jiao)育(yu)和(he)多模態數(shu)據融合評估是人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)驅動課(ke)堂(tang)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)的(de)(de)具體(ti)行(xing)動[8]。人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)課(ke)堂(tang)理(li)念轉變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)本質是思維的(de)(de)完全融合,激活(huo)課(ke)堂(tang)本身的(de)(de)內(nei)驅力,重塑課(ke)堂(tang)的(de)(de)教(jiao)育(yu)要(yao)素和(he)關系,重新思考教(jiao)育(yu)原則,是一種在(zai)課(ke)堂(tang)上使(shi)用人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)進行(xing)教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)新方法,以(yi)培養“德、智(zhi)(zhi)、體(ti)、藝、勞”全面發(fa)展的(de)(de)新時代(dai)創新人(ren)才為(wei)(wei)目標,更好地(di)適(shi)應未來(lai)社會需要(yao)。
3.2健全體(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)
在(zai)“雙(shuang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背(bei)景之(zhi)下(xia),構(gou)(gou)建“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學團(tuan)隊(dui)必(bi)(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)健(jian)(jian)全體(ti)(ti)制機制。健(jian)(jian)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)制機制首先(xian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)管理模式進(jin)行(xing)創(chuang)(chuang)新,才能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠對(dui)(dui)(dui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)團(tuan)隊(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展提(ti)供(gong)更良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)制環境。我(wo)(wo)國當前(qian)大部分(fen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)在(zai)推進(jin)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最重要(yao)(yao)(yao)問題就是缺乏教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)格標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評價體(ti)(ti)系,這(zhe)也是影響“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)團(tuan)隊(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最重要(yao)(yao)(yao)問題。我(wo)(wo)國當前(qian)并沒有(you)(you)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)格認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),因此必(bi)(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)結合“雙(shuang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”計劃,健(jian)(jian)全“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)格標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學體(ti)(ti)制機制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)全,需要(yao)(yao)(yao)從教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科研(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、專業實踐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)等(deng)方面作(zuo)為(wei)切入點,根據我(wo)(wo)國當前(qian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學要(yao)(yao)(yao)求,構(gou)(gou)建科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完善體(ti)(ti)制機制。“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)格認(ren)(ren)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)實行(xing)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)程(cheng)序,并且還(huan)應(ying)該(gai)(gai)定(ding)期地(di)進(jin)行(xing)注冊評價,保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)可以(yi)合理地(di)進(jin)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)態管理。為(wei)了改變(bian)我(wo)(wo)國當前(qian)缺少“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)格認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現狀,首先(xian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)構(gou)(gou)建“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)格認(ren)(ren)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)衡量體(ti)(ti)系、監測流程(cheng)以(yi)及動(dong)(dong)(dong)態協(xie)調(diao)等(deng),只有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣才能(neng)(neng)(neng)使高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)與經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展接軌,滿足高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于職業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)格認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學要(yao)(yao)(yao)求教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遵循(xun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理制度,在(zai)學校(xiao)不斷(duan)地(di)提(ti)升自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論知識研(yan)究能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)和社(she)會(hui)實踐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)應(ying)該(gai)(gai)遵循(xun)國家教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)政策,并且應(ying)該(gai)(gai)制定(ding)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)職務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong)、職稱與考(kao)(kao)核相掛鉤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規則,充分(fen)發(fa)揮出動(dong)(dong)(dong)態考(kao)(kao)核的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),使高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠保(bao)(bao)持與時(shi)俱進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學習態度,充分(fen)調(diao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新積極性,構(gou)(gou)建具有(you)(you)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)力(li)(li)、創(chuang)(chuang)新意(yi)識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)團(tuan)隊(dui),促進(jin)多方之(zhi)間共同(tong)協(xie)作(zuo),共同(tong)完成對(dui)(dui)(dui)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)。
3.3加強校企合(he)作
通過合(he)理配置教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)源,完善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管理制度(du)(du),保證教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)習時(shi)間,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力、專業(ye)和學(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)平(ping),成為(wei)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),可(ke)以提(ti)(ti)供免費培(pei)訓和實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)機會。高(gao)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)與企(qi)業(ye)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo),讓(rang)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定期走(zou)在企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)前沿,參與在職實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)和在職培(pei)訓,讓(rang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)參與到社(she)會實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)之中,全(quan)面掌(zhang)握校(xiao)企(qi)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本模(mo)式,并且(qie)通過在職實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)獲得實(shi)(shi)際工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)經驗,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)平(ping),更(geng)好(hao)地了解所教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授的(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)程,創建(jian)更(geng)實(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)程。另外,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也需要(yao)更(geng)好(hao)地了解客戶(hu)和社(she)會需求,通過崗位實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),將社(she)會需求與教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)內容相結合(he)起來,創新(xin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)模(mo)式,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)專業(ye)技(ji)能(neng)水(shui)平(ping)。與此同時(shi),高(gao)校(xiao)對教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)需要(yao)參照行業(ye)和企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)標準,結合(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)效果(guo)進行綜合(he)評(ping)價(jia),要(yao)激發(fa)和提(ti)(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)性(xing),提(ti)(ti)升教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)能(neng)力。高(gao)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)面向(xiang)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產市場,為(wei)了適應時(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化,需要(yao)不斷地更(geng)新(xin)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產工(gong)藝和生產技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),注重(zhong)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)專業(ye)技(ji)能(neng)水(shui)平(ping),加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)培(pei)訓專業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)人員,生產出(chu)符合(he)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)。因此,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”培(pei)訓,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)校(xiao)企(qi)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo),有利(li)于(yu)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)素(su)質,加(jia)快(kuai)他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識更(geng)新(xin)速度(du)(du),還能(neng)學(xue)習到新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。
3.4深化人機協同促(cu)進教學設(she)計變(bian)革
人(ren)(ren)機協(xie)(xie)同(tong)課(ke)堂(tang),充(chong)分(fen)發揮人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)外包個(ge)體(ti)認知的(de)(de)作用,將人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)實現產品視(shi)為(wei)課(ke)堂(tang)不可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)一部分(fen),在教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過程中(zhong)為(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生和(he)(he)課(ke)堂(tang)提供(gong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)合作伙(huo)(huo)伴。組織交流,實現人(ren)(ren)機聯合教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)。在這(zhe)(zhe)種類型的(de)(de)課(ke)堂(tang)中(zhong),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)合作伙(huo)(huo)伴共同(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)長,共同(tong)推動和(he)(he)產生智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)伙(huo)(huo)伴引導學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生思(si)考,幫(bang)助教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)完成(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)復性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)任(ren)務,讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生回歸學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)本質,實現創(chuang)造性(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi),通過教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)引導,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生能(neng)返璞歸真,深化道德修(xiu)養。這(zhe)(zhe)種課(ke)堂(tang)是人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)賦能(neng)課(ke)堂(tang)改革(ge)的(de)(de)最(zui)高層次,也是人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)賦能(neng)課(ke)堂(tang)改革(ge)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)方向。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)推動課(ke)堂(tang)變(bian)革(ge),深化人(ren)(ren)機協(xie)(xie)作,促進教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)設(she)計改革(ge)。為(wei)此,需要(yao)在發人(ren)(ren)深省的(de)(de)指導下(xia),重(zhong)新(xin)思(si)考教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)目(mu)標的(de)(de)設(she)計、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)策(ce)(ce)略和(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)評價(jia)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)目(mu)標設(she)計針(zhen)對(dui)標準核心素養,注(zhu)重(zhong)超前思(si)維,五教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)并舉,反映(ying)社會需求,做到因材施教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)[9]。個(ge)體(ti)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)目(mu)標、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)策(ce)(ce)略的(de)(de)設(she)計要(yao)符(fu)合教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)現實特征(zheng)和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)體(ti)現,進行人(ren)(ren)機適應交互,實現數據(ju)驅(qu)動,兼顧產品屬性(xing)深度(du)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi);教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)評價(jia)設(she)計注(zhu)重(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo),從(cong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi),高校需要(yao)依靠多維數據(ju)進行動態、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)可(ke)視(shi)化分(fen)析,以學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)為(wei)重(zhong)點(dian),實現伴隨著多樣化而對(dui)整個(ge)過程的(de)(de)評價(jia)。
4結語
“人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)+教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)全面發展創新人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)共(gong)識。課堂(tang)(tang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)主戰(zhan)場,是(shi)(shi)(shi)育(yu)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)主渠道。利用人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)加強課堂(tang)(tang)改革非常重要(yao)(yao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)成知識時代人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養的(de)(de)基本任務(wu)。該(gai)文(wen)對復雜的(de)(de)全球化(hua)進(jin)程和創新型人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)需求不(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加,以(yi)及高(gao)等(deng)院校(xiao)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求,對“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學創新團(tuan)隊建設的(de)(de)現實(shi)困境進(jin)行(xing)了深入的(de)(de)分析,主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)問題(ti)包括(kuo)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數量短缺、“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”隊伍(wu)建設緩慢、校(xiao)企(qi)命運共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)尚未形成、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培訓(xun)力度不(bu)足等(deng),根據(ju)這(zhe)些實(shi)際(ji)問題(ti)最后提出了通過人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)賦能(neng)課堂(tang)(tang)理念變(bian)革、健全體(ti)(ti)制機(ji)制、加強校(xiao)企(qi)合作、深化(hua)人(ren)(ren)機(ji)協(xie)同(tong)促進(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學設計變(bian)革、優化(hua)后續服(fu)務(wu)等(deng)路徑來完(wan)善高(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學。
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作者:林偉 丁飛(fei)洋 單位:長春大(da)學