導(dao)語：人(ren)工智能與人(ren)的(de)全面發展關系(xi)研究一(yi)文(wen)來(lai)源于(yu)網友上傳，不代表本站(zhan)觀點，若需要原創文(wen)章可咨詢(xun)客(ke)服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：勞動解放是實現人的自由全面發展的必要前提。作為技術發展產物的人工智能是用科學技術解決勞動解放問題上的重要手段。人工智能在介入人類勞動過程中，通過改變人的生產方式、生活方式和存在方式，延展人的勞動能力，進而推動人的自由全面發展。然(ran)而，在資本(ben)邏輯主導下，人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能的應(ying)用進(jin)一步加深人(ren)(ren)的本(ben)質異化，引發技術性(xing)失(shi)業潮、人(ren)(ren)的主體(ti)性(xing)現代性(xing)危機和交(jiao)往異化等問題。基于此，建議從主體(ti)、制度(du)、價值導向和教育(yu)等維度(du)對人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能加以規(gui)制，以期更好地助力勞動(dong)解放，進(jin)而促進(jin)人(ren)(ren)的自(zi)由(you)全面發展。

關(guan)鍵詞：勞動(dong)；勞動(dong)解(jie)放；人工智能(neng)；人的自由全面發展

馬克思認為，勞動是人的本質需要，是人類社會正常運轉的軸心。在資本主義私有制下，異化勞動與作為人本質的自由勞動形成對立。由此，消除資本邏輯，實現勞動解放是推進人自由全面發展的應有之維。馬克思曾在《1844年經濟學哲學手稿》中寫道：“自然科學卻通過工業日益在實踐上進入人的生活，改造人的生活，并為人的解放做準備。”[1]86他從唯物史觀視角揭示出自然科學對勞動解放和社會發展的意義，當代人工智能的發展恰恰印證了這一重要論斷。因此，明晰馬克思勞動解放思想的價值訴求，厘清人工智能與人的全面發展的關系是十分必要的。

一、馬克思關于勞動、勞動解放與人的發展的重要論述

勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，是馬克(ke)思(si)(si)分析(xi)人類發(fa)展及歷史形成過程的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)范疇。勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)是人維(wei)持生(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段，而自(zi)由勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)構成了人的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)放和(he)自(zi)由全面發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)基礎。馬克(ke)思(si)(si)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)，在(zai)資(zi)本主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)私有制下，雇傭勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)成為主(zhu)(zhu)要勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)形式，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)生(sheng)異化，不(bu)再表(biao)征為人的(de)(de)(de)本質需要。只有實(shi)現(xian)(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)放，使勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)回歸本真狀態，才能解(jie)決人的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由發(fa)展問(wen)題。

（一）自(zi)由(you)勞動(dong)是人(ren)的(de)全(quan)面發展的(de)邏輯論(lun)證起點(dian)

人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)通過勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)這一具體實(shi)踐活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)認識與(yu)把握(wo)現實(shi)世(shi)界的(de)(de)現象和(he)本(ben)質。在馬克(ke)(ke)思(si)看(kan)來，從事必(bi)要勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)建(jian)構自(zi)(zi)身生存狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)根本(ben)方(fang)式(shi)，而從事“自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)自(zi)(zi)覺的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”是(shi)實(shi)現勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解放(fang)和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)全面發展(zhan)的(de)(de)重要手(shou)(shou)段(duan)。馬克(ke)(ke)思(si)指出：“自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)國只(zhi)是(shi)在由(you)(you)必(bi)需(xu)和(he)外(wai)在目的(de)(de)規定(ding)要做的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)終止(zhi)的(de)(de)地方(fang)才開始……這個自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)國只(zhi)有建(jian)立在必(bi)然(ran)王(wang)(wang)國的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，才能繁榮起來。”[2]928這里，馬克(ke)(ke)思(si)深刻論證了(le)“必(bi)然(ran)王(wang)(wang)國”向“自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)國”飛躍的(de)(de)歷史必(bi)然(ran)性，而在兩(liang)種“王(wang)(wang)國”形態下，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形態可以被(bei)劃(hua)分為(wei)必(bi)要勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。必(bi)要勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)維持(chi)生存和(he)發展(zhan)，生產物質資料的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；而自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)為(wei)追求人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)自(zi)(zi)覺本(ben)質而進行的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。馬克(ke)(ke)思(si)在《哥(ge)達綱領批判》中指出，“勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)已經不僅僅是(shi)謀(mou)生的(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)段(duan)，而且本(ben)身成了(le)生活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)第(di)一需(xu)要”[3]18，這一洞見指明(ming)了(le)馬克(ke)(ke)思(si)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解放(fang)思(si)想以人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)全面發展(zhan)為(wei)根本(ben)的(de)(de)價值訴求。

（二）資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)主義(yi)私有制下勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)異(yi)(yi)化(hua)阻礙人的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)解放是(shi)實現(xian)(xian)“人的(de)(de)(de)自由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)面發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)實路徑。當理論觀照現(xian)(xian)實時，馬克(ke)思深(shen)刻(ke)地(di)感受到在(zai)(zai)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)主義(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)關系中勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了異(yi)(yi)化(hua)，成為資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)增殖的(de)(de)(de)手段，帶給人的(de)(de)(de)只(zhi)有痛(tong)苦和摧(cui)殘。在(zai)(zai)以(yi)私有制為基礎的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)主義(yi)社(she)會，科學技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應用使(shi)機器(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)程度越來越高，資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)家利用資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)將工人固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)機器(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中，迫使(shi)其(qi)進行高強(qiang)度工作(zuo)，沒有額(e)外自由(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)全(quan)(quan)面發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自己。在(zai)(zai)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)統治下，異(yi)(yi)化(hua)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)制約了人的(de)(de)(de)主觀精神與客觀身體(ti)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。隨著(zhu)機器(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)普遍化(hua)和社(she)會勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)分(fen)工的(de)(de)(de)不斷深(shen)化(hua)，個(ge)體(ti)特殊(shu)性(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)逐(zhu)漸融入整個(ge)社(she)會普遍性(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)過程中，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)(de)自主性(xing)也(ye)逐(zhu)步喪失。馬克(ke)思認(ren)識到，異(yi)(yi)化(hua)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)是(shi)導致人片(pian)面發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)根源，只(zhi)有消除(chu)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)對(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)統治，揚棄(qi)異(yi)(yi)化(hua)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)，才(cai)能(neng)促使(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)回歸本(ben)(ben)(ben)質。因(yin)此，實現(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)解放是(shi)促進人自由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)面發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)(ben)(ben)途徑。

（三(san)）勞動解放蘊含人的自由(you)全面(mian)發展的三(san)重維(wei)度

馬(ma)克思(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)以勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)尺度審視(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)過程(cheng)中，闡明勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)包含著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)三個層(ceng)(ceng)次發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，即人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)達到(dao)和(he)解(jie)(jie)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)擁有(you)和(he)諧(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)關系(xi)，以及(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)身個性(xing)(xing)得到(dao)充分發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。首(shou)先，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)離(li)不(bu)開自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)。從(cong)事(shi)物質(zhi)生(sheng)產勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)進行(xing)物質(zhi)轉(zhuan)換的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)途(tu)徑。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)中受到(dao)客觀自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)，但(dan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)不(bu)是(shi)完全(quan)消極被動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)存與(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)過程(cheng)中既要遵守(shou)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)法則，又要保持獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)(neng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)。因此，在(zai)(zai)(zai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)：人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)改(gai)造自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)力有(you)所(suo)提(ti)高，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾(dun)得到(dao)緩解(jie)(jie)。其(qi)次，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)離(li)不(bu)開社(she)會(hui)層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)。馬(ma)克思(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)《雇傭勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)與(yu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)》中曾(ceng)指出，資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)質(zhi)“在(zai)(zai)(zai)于活勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)替積(ji)累起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)充當保存并(bing)增加其(qi)交換價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段(duan)”[4]726。在(zai)(zai)(zai)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)主(zhu)(zhu)義社(she)會(hui)，工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剩余勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)看(kan)(kan)似(si)是(shi)有(you)償勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，其(qi)實(shi)掩蓋了資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)家對(dui)其(qi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剝削性(xing)(xing)：以不(bu)變(bian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)去吸收大(da)量(liang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力創(chuang)造剩余價值(zhi)，形成資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)家剝削工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)關系(xi)。因此，社(she)會(hui)層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)是(shi)要打破資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)對(dui)生(sheng)產資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壟斷(duan)，兼顧(gu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)雙方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利益(yi)，打造平等(deng)和(he)諧(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)關系(xi)。最后(hou)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)離(li)不(bu)開自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)身層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)。資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邏輯價值(zhi)取(qu)向是(shi)不(bu)斷(duan)攫取(qu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)創(chuang)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剩余價值(zhi)來實(shi)現(xian)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)我增殖。利用機器束縛(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，致使勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)成為(wei)(wei)制(zhi)約工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)身發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異化力量(liang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)馬(ma)克思(si)看(kan)(kan)來，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)成為(wei)(wei)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由時間塑造自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個性(xing)(xing)和(he)提(ti)升自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力。從(cong)更(geng)深層(ceng)(ceng)次上講，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個性(xing)(xing)可以理(li)解(jie)(jie)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體性(xing)(xing)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)可以根(gen)據自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意向改(gai)變(bian)外在(zai)(zai)(zai)世界，創(chuang)造適(shi)合(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)身發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境遇，而人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體性(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)脫離(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)覺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

（四）科學技術(shu)推動生產力(li)發展成為(wei)勞動解放與人的全面發展的“絕對前(qian)提(ti)”

人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)馬克(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)理論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最終(zhong)落腳(jiao)點，因此，馬克(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)對(dui)(dui)(dui)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)識也(ye)充(chong)滿了人(ren)本(ben)(ben)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)意蘊(yun)和(he)人(ren)文關懷(huai)。馬克(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)在(zai)《共產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)宣言》中(zhong)提出(chu)(chu)：“資產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階(jie)級(ji)在(zai)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)到一百年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)級(ji)統治(zhi)中(zhong)所創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)，比過(guo)去一切時代創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)還(huan)要(yao)多，還(huan)要(yao)大(da)。”[5]469封建(jian)社會(hui)被資本(ben)(ben)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)社會(hui)所取代，從根本(ben)(ben)上得益于(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)所帶動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)幅(fu)進步。馬克(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)曾在(zai)《資本(ben)(ben)論》中(zhong)提出(chu)(chu)，“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)是(shi)隨(sui)著(zhu)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)和(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)進步而(er)不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”[6]664。科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)通過(guo)作(zuo)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)成(cheng)要(yao)素，對(dui)(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)深刻影響。首(shou)先，馬克(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)只有(you)被勞(lao)動(dong)者應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)才能(neng)將(jiang)其轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)直(zhi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、現實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)。其次，勞(lao)動(dong)資料是(shi)作(zuo)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現實物質資源，作(zuo)為(wei)勞(lao)動(dong)資料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機器在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)激發(fa)(fa)(fa)了生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)并使其實現了新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)躍升。最后(hou)，科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)催生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了新(xin)型勞(lao)動(dong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象，使其更(geng)具有(you)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)和(he)拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)，進而(er)推動(dong)了生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)推動(dong)人(ren)類(lei)社會(hui)進步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提”。馬克(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)推動(dong)資本(ben)(ben)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)勞(lao)動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)改變(bian)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到新(xin)高(gao)度(du)。以資本(ben)(ben)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)私有(you)制(zhi)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)關系(xi)(xi)表現出(chu)(chu)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滯后(hou)性(xing)(xing)，成(cheng)為(wei)阻(zu)礙人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)能(neng)力(li)(li)充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮及(ji)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桎(zhi)梏(gu)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)勢必倒逼(bi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)關系(xi)(xi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)革，為(wei)破除勞(lao)動(dong)異化(hua)提供必要(yao)前提。可見，科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最終(zhong)趨(qu)向是(shi)摒棄(qi)資本(ben)(ben)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)關系(xi)(xi)，破除資本(ben)(ben)對(dui)(dui)(dui)勞(lao)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)束縛，為(wei)勞(lao)動(dong)解放(fang)與人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)條件。

二、當代人工智能的發展助力勞動解放和人的自由全面發展

馬克思認為，科學技術能夠促進生產力快速增長，為勞動解放創造根本條件。[7]近年來，人工智能技術的廣泛應用為實現人的自由全面發展提供了可能性。目前，國內外學界對人工智能主要持兩種觀點：其一，將人工智能作為技術工程來看待，目的是在技術工程領域研制人造認知設備或機械系統；其二，將人工智能界定為一般性的智能科學，目的是提供能夠解釋人類的全部心理現象的系統性理論[8]6。美國當代哲學家約翰·塞爾在《心靈、大腦與程序》中將人工智能分為弱人工智能（WeakAI）和強人工智能（StrongAI）。在塞爾看來，“就‘弱’AI而言，計算機在心靈研究中的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要價值是為我們(men)提供一個強(qiang)有力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具”[9]419，旨(zhi)在增強(qiang)人類智(zhi)能；而強(qiang)人工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能是“具有認知狀態(tai)，可以用來檢驗心(xin)理解(jie)釋的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具”[9]419，旨(zhi)在取代人類智(zhi)能。就目前來看，人工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能技術(shu)是推(tui)進現代化建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)技術(shu)之一，其廣泛應用對人類社會(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、社會(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)(shi)和(he)存在方(fang)式(shi)(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了革(ge)命(ming)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。可以預(yu)見，未來人工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能蘊含著(zhu)強(qiang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力(li)，將促成人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動解(jie)放和(he)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)自由(you)全面發展目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)實現。

（一）人工智(zhi)能應(ying)用改變生產(chan)方式，推動勞動解放和人的(de)全(quan)面發展

馬克思在(zai)1854年《給工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)議會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)》中(zhong)(zhong)提出，“英國工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)階(jie)級既然創造(zao)了(le)(le)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)窮無(wu)(wu)盡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)，也就實現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)解(jie)放(fang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一個(ge)條(tiao)件。”[10]134當下人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)實體(ti)要素加(jia)(jia)速(su)融(rong)合，作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)，為(wei)(wei)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)放(fang)和人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)(you)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)奠定現(xian)(xian)(xian)實基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。首(shou)先，就生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)中(zhong)(zhong)最活(huo)(huo)躍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要素勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)而(er)言(yan)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)更為(wei)(wei)復(fu)雜，對勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)更高，技(ji)術人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)程(cheng)度是決定人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。其次，從(cong)以生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)資料來(lai)看，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客體(ti)是智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)和機(ji)器設備(bei)，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)比以往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)操作更準(zhun)確和高效，極大提高了(le)(le)社(she)會(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)。最后，從(cong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)對象來(lai)看，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)拓展(zhan)了(le)(le)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)對象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍，如信(xin)息與數據成了(le)(le)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時代(dai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)對象。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通(tong)過對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)三要素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)各(ge)要素得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)增(zeng)(zeng)強，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)，為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)放(fang)奠定物(wu)質基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)成為(wei)(wei)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二個(ge)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)件是使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)獲得(de)(de)尊嚴感(gan)和幸福感(gan)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時代(dai)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)主(zhu)性得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)充分(fen)發(fa)展(zhan)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)可以選(xuan)擇多種多樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)資料，真正體(ti)會(hui)到(dao)(dao)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)自(zi)我價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幸福感(gan)。傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形式被打(da)破，社(she)會(hui)各(ge)個(ge)階(jie)層(ceng)在(zai)平等(deng)合作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)社(she)會(hui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)在(zai)平等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)系中(zhong)(zhong)獲得(de)(de)了(le)(le)尊嚴感(gan)。（二）人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)改(gai)變(bian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)方(fang)(fang)式推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)放(fang)和人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)(you)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)馬克思曾提到(dao)(dao)，機(ji)械(xie)發(fa)明將(jiang)“歸根到(dao)(dao)底引起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)方(fang)(fang)式上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)”[11]501。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作為(wei)(wei)一項顛覆性變(bian)革(ge)技(ji)術，必將(jiang)引發(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深刻變(bian)革(ge)。首(shou)先，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)改(gai)變(bian)傳統學習方(fang)(fang)式，延(yan)展(zhan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術加(jia)(jia)速(su)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接對接，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知邏輯(ji)由(you)(you)傾向尋求(qiu)(qiu)因(yin)果(guo)性關(guan)系向注重事(shi)物(wu)關(guan)聯性轉(zhuan)變(bian)。其次，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)往(wang)提供了(le)(le)便利(li)。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)軟件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)打(da)破了(le)(le)不同(tong)民族、地區、語言(yan)界限，實現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)交(jiao)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)障礙化(hua)。此(ci)外，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算機(ji)視(shi)覺、視(shi)聽仿真等(deng)技(ji)術突破了(le)(le)傳統交(jiao)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間維度，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)獲得(de)(de)沉浸式體(ti)驗。最后，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)“勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)向自(zi)主(zhu)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)化(hua)”[4]582，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)可自(zi)由(you)(you)支配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)替代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)從(cong)事(shi)部分(fen)機(ji)械(xie)性體(ti)力(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和重復(fu)性腦力(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不再局限于狹小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)追求(qiu)(qiu)精(jing)神活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿足。如VR（VirtualReality）技(ji)術使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)在(zai)虛擬世界里得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)心理安撫(fu)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步促進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)物(wu)質生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)與精(jing)神生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)辯證統一，更好地推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)。

（三(san)）人工智(zhi)能技術塑造存在方式(shi)，推動勞動解放和人的自由全面發展

馬克思(si)(si)認(ren)為，人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質具有(you)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)，但就目前(qian)來看(kan)，人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)是不(bu)完全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、局部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。人(ren)(ren)除了(le)要(yao)(yao)探究現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)世界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質，還需要(yao)(yao)尋求非(fei)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虛擬(ni)(ni)世界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)。大數據時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來臨(lin)，使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)基于算法分析，通過深度學(xue)習模擬(ni)(ni)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)思(si)(si)維在(zai)虛擬(ni)(ni)空間(jian)(jian)解決(jue)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。可見，人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)維度上表現(xian)(xian)(xian)為現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)社會生產力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，在(zai)空間(jian)(jian)維度上體現(xian)(xian)(xian)為信(xin)息空間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)展。馬克思(si)(si)在(zai)《德意志意識(shi)形態》中指出(chu)：“個(ge)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)(mian)發(fa)展，只(zhi)有(you)到了(le)外(wai)部世界(jie)(jie)對個(ge)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)發(fa)展所(suo)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推動作用(yong)為個(ge)人(ren)(ren)本身所(suo)駕(jia)馭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，才(cai)不(bu)再是理(li)想。”[12]330在(zai)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)世界(jie)(jie)，人(ren)(ren)受(shou)到外(wai)界(jie)(jie)客觀(guan)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制，自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想意志有(you)時不(bu)能(neng)(neng)夠真(zhen)正實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，但人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)研發(fa)，使(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)可以在(zai)虛擬(ni)(ni)世界(jie)(jie)完成現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)世界(jie)(jie)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務，使(shi)(shi)“現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)趨向思(si)(si)想”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)(neng)性(xing)大大提(ti)升(sheng)。因此，人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)生存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)(jian)更加多維，使(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)與(yu)非(fei)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)逐步得(de)(de)到統(tong)一，促(cu)進了(le)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)(mian)發(fa)展。三、人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)推動人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)(mian)發(fa)展過程中引發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)及解決(jue)路徑人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)作為一種革命性(xing)技(ji)術(shu)，目前(qian)并(bing)未真(zhen)正成熟，甚至催生出(chu)一種新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異化力(li)量，給勞動解放與(yu)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由(you)全面(mian)(mian)發(fa)展帶來諸多挑戰(zhan)。因此，準確認(ren)識(shi)人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)引發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，積極尋找破(po)解之道，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)夠正確審視人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，促(cu)進人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由(you)全面(mian)(mian)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。

（一）人(ren)工智能在推進(jin)勞動解放(fang)進(jin)程中面臨(lin)的新挑(tiao)戰(zhan)

1.人工智能可(ke)能進一步加深人的本質的異(yi)化

馬(ma)克思曾說:“勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)機器代(dai)替(ti)(ti)了(le)手工(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，但是使一部(bu)分工(gong)人(ren)回到(dao)野蠻的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，并使另一部(bu)分工(gong)人(ren)變成(cheng)機器。”[4]159當代(dai)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)擁有獨特的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)技術范式和邏輯，自主性日益增(zeng)強(qiang)，承擔了(le)人(ren)類許多的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)任(ren)務。使用(yong)者只需要輸入(ru)“語言口令”就可(ke)以完成(cheng)工(gong)作(zuo)，“人(ren)變成(cheng)了(le)機器”，并且(qie)“愚鈍和癡呆”的(de)狀況愈加(jia)升(sheng)級(ji)。人(ren)喪失了(le)主體(ti)(ti)能(neng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)性，人(ren)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)也(ye)不(bu)再(zai)具有創(chuang)造(zao)性，“在機器跟(gen)前的(de)工(gong)人(ren)只專注于直(zhi)接的(de)目標，無(wu)暇也(ye)無(wu)興趣去(qu)整個兒地思索生活”[13]42-43。邁入(ru)智(zhi)能(neng)時(shi)代(dai)，各(ge)種智(zhi)能(neng)設備逐步替(ti)(ti)代(dai)人(ren)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，由此(ci)，人(ren)失去(qu)了(le)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)機會(hui)，進(jin)而體(ti)(ti)會(hui)不(bu)到(dao)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)來的(de)快樂。

2.人工(gong)智能(neng)技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)導致“技術(shu)性失業潮”出現

馬克思指出：“勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)資料一作(zuo)為機器(qi)出現(xian)，就(jiu)立刻成了工(gong)人(ren)本身的(de)(de)競爭者。”[14]445當前，人(ren)工(gong)智能應用日(ri)趨增(zeng)多，新的(de)(de)“替代效應”隨之產(chan)生。部分弱人(ren)工(gong)智能技(ji)(ji)(ji)術憑借其獨特的(de)(de)類人(ren)智慧承擔了更多的(de)(de)人(ren)類勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)任務(wu)，其所具有的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)優勢對傳統的(de)(de)人(ren)力(li)(li)(li)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)造(zao)(zao)成了沖擊。經濟學家瓦西(xi)里(li)·列昂季耶夫(W.Leontief)談到技(ji)(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)影(ying)響時，他表示：“勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)將變(bian)得越來(lai)越不(bu)(bu)重要(yao)……越來(lai)越多的(de)(de)工(gong)人(ren)將為機器(qi)所取代。”[15]150-160就(jiu)目前來(lai)看，職業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能失(shi)配或將影(ying)響社會就(jiu)業(ye)，社會上(shang)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)體(ti)力(li)(li)(li)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者逐步(bu)被取代，而從事復(fu)雜勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術性工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員依然供(gong)不(bu)(bu)應求，由此造(zao)(zao)成了“技(ji)(ji)(ji)術性失(shi)業(ye)潮”的(de)(de)現(xian)象。

3.人(ren)工智能應用引(yin)發人(ren)的主體性現代性危機

人(ren)工智能實質(zhi)(zhi)上是對人(ren)腦組(zu)織結構與思(si)維運行機制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)仿，但是隨(sui)著(zhu)其自(zi)身算(suan)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)(duan)完善(shan)，人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體性(xing)受到(dao)(dao)沖擊。人(ren)工智能時代(dai)，AI算(suan)法(fa)根據收(shou)集到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大數據篩選出符合人(ren)們喜好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)，導致(zhi)了“信息(xi)(xi)繭(jian)房(fang)”①效應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大。繭(jian)房(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)是推薦(jian)算(suan)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標單一，人(ren)工智能算(suan)法(fa)使人(ren)們接觸到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識、信息(xi)(xi)趨于同質(zhi)(zhi)，造成人(ren)們思(si)想(xiang)認(ren)知(zhi)層面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單一性(xing)和(he)(he)片面(mian)性(xing)，人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)意志(zhi)受到(dao)(dao)限制。除(chu)此之外，人(ren)工智能系(xi)統根據數據編寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程序做(zuo)出判斷(duan)(duan)和(he)(he)決策，人(ren)們在面(mian)臨問(wen)題時，習(xi)慣性(xing)依賴(lai)智能系(xi)統解決問(wen)題。信息(xi)(xi)崇拜弱化了人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體性(xing)，人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知(zhi)能力產生偏差，人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體性(xing)地位受到(dao)(dao)壓(ya)抑以致(zhi)逐漸喪失。

4.人機交(jiao)互過程中出現交(jiao)往異化問題

人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)(wang)過程(cheng)，蘊(yun)含著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類特(te)有(you)情感的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流。通(tong)過交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)(wang)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)主體性(xing)得(de)到提升和(he)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)。一(yi)旦人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)作(zuo)為中間(jian)(jian)(jian)媒介參(can)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)(wang)，如(ru)，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)陪護機器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)語音助(zhu)手等替(ti)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)成為交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)對象，就會(hui)改變人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)真(zhen)實情感交(jiao)(jiao)流。交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)(wang)主體在(zai)虛(xu)擬(ni)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)獲得(de)沉浸式的(de)(de)精神滿(man)足(zu)(zu)，便會(hui)逐漸脫離現(xian)實世(shi)界(jie)(jie)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)越沉溺于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)交(jiao)(jiao)互(hu)機制，就越模糊了現(xian)實世(shi)界(jie)(jie)與虛(xu)擬(ni)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)界(jie)(jie)限。長此以(yi)往(wang)(wang)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)交(jiao)(jiao)互(hu)技術的(de)(de)應用使得(de)原本協調(diao)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)際(ji)間(jian)(jian)(jian)關系(xi)變得(de)緊張，加速了交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)(wang)主體間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)疏離，進一(yi)步弱化了人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)本質是社會(hui)關系(xi)的(de)(de)總(zong)和(he)這一(yi)特(te)性(xing)。

（二）馬克思勞動解放理論指(zhi)引下我國人工智能健康(kang)發(fa)展的路徑(jing)探析

人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解放(fang)(fang)和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，但(dan)其(qi)(qi)與資(zi)本聯姻帶來了新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異化(hua)問題。因此，促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)我(wo)國人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)健(jian)康發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，必須要把(ba)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解放(fang)(fang)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標，堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)應用，真(zhen)正(zheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。首先(xian)，明晰人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)高級工(gong)(gong)具(ju)，正(zheng)確(que)審(shen)視(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)，堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。一方(fang)面(mian)，從(cong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)層面(mian)看，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通過(guo)算法外化(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)腦(nao)力(li)(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，通過(guo)機(ji)械(xie)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)力(li)(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但(dan)不(bu)具(ju)備人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是現(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)有(you)不(bu)確(que)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、無(wu)限(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)難以從(cong)根(gen)(gen)本上(shang)代(dai)(dai)替(ti)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)這(zhe)一現(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。另(ling)(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)，創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特屬(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。馬(ma)(ma)克(ke)思將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)物質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)認(ren)知勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)代(dai)(dai)替(ti)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)從(cong)事部(bu)分(fen)(fen)物質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但(dan)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)認(ren)知勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是專屬(shu)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。基(ji)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)神經(jing)(jing)網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)識(shi)別和(he)(he)記(ji)憶方(fang)面(mian)超越了人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類，但(dan)它沒有(you)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)推(tui)(tui)理和(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，只(zhi)是依靠整(zheng)合大(da)數據(ju)，基(ji)于(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)經(jing)(jing)驗模擬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維(wei)做出(chu)(chu)決策(ce)。因此，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)本質(zhi)上(shang)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)器(qi)官的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延伸，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)從(cong)根(gen)(gen)本上(shang)解構(gou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。其(qi)(qi)次，堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)基(ji)本經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)制度(du)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解放(fang)(fang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)制度(du)保障。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二十大(da)報告明確(que)指出(chu)(chu)，數字中(zhong)國建(jian)設與增進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)福祉離不(bu)開(kai)對社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)基(ji)本經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)制度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持。其(qi)(qi)一，堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)公有(you)制，確(que)保人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會屬(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，符合馬(ma)(ma)克(ke)思對“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料全(quan)(quan)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會所有(you)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)預(yu)見。社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)公有(you)制使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)所有(you)，解決了資(zi)本獨占生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。其(qi)(qi)二，“完善分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)制度(du)，堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持按勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、多種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)式并存(cun)，堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持多勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)多得(de)(de)，鼓(gu)勵勤(qin)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)致富(fu)(fu)，促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)會公平”[16]，確(que)保人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會財(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會共(gong)享(xiang)。“在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)都必須勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下(xia)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也都將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)同(tong)等(deng)地(di)、愈益豐富(fu)(fu)地(di)得(de)(de)到生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)資(zi)料、享(xiang)受資(zi)料、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)表現(xian)一切體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)力(li)(li)和(he)(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)(li)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料。”[4]710屆時，作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)升，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)異化(hua)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)否定，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。再(zai)次，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持以人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)導(dao)向，是對馬(ma)(ma)克(ke)思以無(wu)產(chan)階級為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)力(li)(li)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)認(ren)。[17]其(qi)(qi)一，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)以增進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解放(fang)(fang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)準(zhun)備。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增長，使(shi)解決資(zi)源分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)不(bu)公、供(gong)給不(bu)平衡等(deng)問題成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。“真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)就(jiu)是所有(you)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發(fa)(fa)(fa)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)。”[18]200，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)嵌入生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)更(geng)多社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會財(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)增進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)福祉、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)奠(dian)定堅(jian)(jian)(jian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)。其(qi)(qi)二，提(ti)(ti)高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)公共(gong)服務水平，充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮其(qi)(qi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)優(you)勢(shi)以服務人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)。將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)用于(yu)改(gai)善民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，符合人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)對美好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，有(you)益于(yu)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。最(zui)后，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)育建(jian)設，促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。教(jiao)育是消解由(you)(you)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腦(nao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)(fen)離，促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段。馬(ma)(ma)克(ke)思在(zai)《資(zi)本論(lun)》中(zhong)闡明，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是“適(shi)應于(yu)不(bu)斷變(bian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)需求(qiu)而可(ke)以隨意支配(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員”[19]561。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)育是增強人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效方(fang)法。一方(fang)面(mian)，構(gou)建(jian)良好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統，切實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。利(li)用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)創(chuang)(chuang)設虛擬勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)空間(jian)，便于(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)理論(lun)知識(shi)融入實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)應用，切實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)驗仿(fang)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，提(ti)(ti)升勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。另(ling)(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)要改(gai)變(bian)傳統思維(wei)，主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)適(shi)應智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)育模式。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成面(mian)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)身，它打破了課堂邊界，賦(fu)予受教(jiao)育群體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)興趣、認(ren)知風(feng)格等(deng)選擇學(xue)(xue)習(xi)內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而提(ti)(ti)升人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。

四、結語

勞動解放的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論邏(luo)輯(ji)與人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)實(shi)邏(luo)輯(ji)共(gong)同(tong)指向人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自由全面發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)這一目標。新時(shi)代人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自由全面發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)，歸根結底依托生產力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能是推動生產力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“現(xian)實(shi)手段”，在助推勞動解放的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，也引發(fa)(fa)了一系(xi)列值得深思的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)實(shi)問題。但我(wo)們應以(yi)積(ji)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)態度去(qu)審視人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用，充(chong)分挖掘其蘊含的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛在力(li)量，積(ji)極(ji)探求解決(jue)對(dui)策，引領我(wo)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，實(shi)現(xian)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自由全面發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

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作者:王佳 李萌 單位(wei):石家莊鐵道大學(xue) 馬克思主義學(xue)院