企業風險管控措施范文
時(shi)間:2023-09-06 17:43:59
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篇1
隨著(zhu)經濟(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)化進(jin)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)推進(jin),以(yi)及我國(guo)市場經濟(ji)制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)完善和發(fa)展,企(qi)(qi)業面(mian)(mian)對(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場競爭(zheng)壓力越(yue)來越(yue)大,所處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外部商業環境也變得十分復雜,企(qi)(qi)業要想在(zai)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浪潮中屹(yi)立(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)倒(dao),企(qi)(qi)業內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務管理能否適應復雜多變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宏觀經濟(ji)環境是關鍵。但由于(yu)市場經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)確定性以(yi)及目前我國(guo)企(qi)(qi)業財(cai)(cai)(cai)務管理制度不(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan)等一系列問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai),企(qi)(qi)業面(mian)(mian)臨著(zhu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務風(feng)險帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)大挑(tiao)戰,對(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)期發(fa)展產(chan)生(sheng)了極(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威脅,加強企(qi)(qi)業財(cai)(cai)(cai)務風(feng)險管控勢在(zai)必行。
一、企業財務面(mian)臨的主要風(feng)險(xian)
(一)企業財務投資管理面(mian)臨的風險
激烈的(de)(de)(de)市場經(jing)濟競爭中,企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)想利(li)用外部(bu)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua),取(qu)得長足的(de)(de)(de)發展,處理(li)好財務投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作至(zhi)關重(zhong)要(yao)。投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)(run)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao),沒有(you)合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)將(jiang)不能很好地(di)追逐剩(sheng)余價值,資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)將(jiang)無(wu)法發揮作用。但經(jing)濟全球化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)趨勢下(xia),面對(dui)(dui)魚沙俱下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)外部(bu)市場環(huan)境,企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)財務投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)變(bian)得異常(chang)復(fu)雜,全球化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟周期變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、我國市場經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)宏(hong)觀走勢、政府對(dui)(dui)于經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)宏(hong)觀調控(kong)政策、企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)所(suo)在行業(ye)(ye)發展方向以及(ji)(ji)(ji)銀行貨幣政策的(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)會(hui)對(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)帶(dai)(dai)來直接影響,給企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)財務投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)帶(dai)(dai)來巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)挑戰,一旦財務投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)出現紕漏(lou),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)就會(hui)面臨巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。其(qi)中企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)對(dui)(dui)內投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)包括(kuo)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)、經(jing)營(ying)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)息(xi)稅前利(li)潤(run)(run)(率(lv))變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系數(shu)(EBIT:earnings before interest and tax)變(bian)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian);對(dui)(dui)外投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)主要(yao)包括(kuo):息(xi)稅前利(li)潤(run)(run)(率(lv))變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系數(shu)變(bian)動(dong)引起的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)、投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)收益率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)差變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)引起的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)項投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)組(zu)合(he)(he)收益率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)差變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)引起的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)組(zu)合(he)(he)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。
(二)企業財務(wu)統籌監(jian)控管理面臨(lin)的風險
企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)監(jian)控(kong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)在(zai)整(zheng)個企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)起(qi)著不(bu)可比擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要作(zuo)(zuo)用,其(qi)中(zhong)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)合理(li)(li)(li)分配企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan),將(jiang)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用最(zui)大化(hua)(hua),提升企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi),但目前(qian)我國很多企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)開支(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)劃缺(que)乏科學性、應(ying)(ying)變(bian)能(neng)(neng)力差(cha)以及(ji)執(zhi)行力度不(bu)夠(gou)等(deng)問題,這(zhe)些(xie)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)讓(rang)(rang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)金(jin)支(zhi)(zhi)出缺(que)乏科學合理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安排,應(ying)(ying)變(bian)能(neng)(neng)力極差(cha),一旦市場(chang)(chang)形勢有變(bian)或者(zhe)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)狀況出現(xian)問題,財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)開支(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)劃將(jiang)無法根據實際(ji)情況作(zuo)(zuo)出相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)對,導致企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用不(bu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)發揮,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面臨著被市場(chang)(chang)淘汰(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威脅。而企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)監(jian)控(kong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)開展能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)讓(rang)(rang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)活(huo)動中(zhong)實現(xian)自我約束、自我調(diao)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力,讓(rang)(rang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)對市場(chang)(chang)以及(ji)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)狀況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。但目前(qian)我國企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)監(jian)控(kong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)同(tong)樣存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著亟待解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。例如(ru)部分企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)沒有建(jian)立成本監(jian)督系統(tong)(tong),致使企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本和收益(yi)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)實現(xian)動態平(ping)衡(heng),降低了(le)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)力。另外過程預(yu)算管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)失讓(rang)(rang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)預(yu)算表(biao)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)反映的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)狀況,給(gei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險。
(三(san))企業財務經營管(guan)理面臨的風險
企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)是企(qi)(qi)業能夠長期(qi)擁(yong)有和控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)能夠為企(qi)(qi)業帶(dai)來(lai)利潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan),而(er)財務(wu)經營決定(ding)著(zhu)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)能否(fou)正(zheng)常周轉(zhuan)(zhuan)以(yi)(yi)及企(qi)(qi)業對(dui)于(yu)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)效率(lv)(lv)。但(dan)如果企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)財務(wu)管理不善,造成資(zi)(zi)金(jin)周轉(zhuan)(zhuan)率(lv)(lv)低(di)下(xia)(xia),進(jin)而(er)使企(qi)(qi)業在運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過程中產(chan)生大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不良債權以(yi)(yi)及滯銷存貨,那(nei)么企(qi)(qi)業資(zi)(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)將受到極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)低(di)以(yi)(yi)及資(zi)(zi)金(jin)周轉(zhuan)(zhuan)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響了(le)企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)經營效益(yi),給企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)生存帶(dai)來(lai)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰。
二、企業財務風險及管(guan)控措(cuo)施
(一)科學(xue)合理投資,降低企業(ye)外部風險(xian)
企(qi)(qi)業(ye)財務投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)風(feng)險(xian)主要來(lai)源于外部投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化,例如市場經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化、貨幣政(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化以(yi)及(ji)(ji)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展方向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改變。通常情況下,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)和(he)收(shou)益是成正比的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),因此企(qi)(qi)業(ye)應當(dang)樹(shu)立(li)風(feng)險(xian)意識,嚴格遵守投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)過程中收(shou)益與風(feng)險(xian)并存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,在進(jin)行(xing)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之前,充(chong)分考慮外部環(huan)境(jing)因素,保證企(qi)(qi)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)計劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學性、合理(li)性。同(tong)時(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)應當(dang)建立(li)一(yi)套完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)風(feng)險(xian)監控與防范(fan)制度,實(shi)時(shi)對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)進(jin)行(xing)評測,當(dang)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)風(feng)險(xian)系數過高(gao)時(shi),應當(dang)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)調(diao)整(zheng)政(zheng)策,以(yi)此來(lai)規避投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)風(feng)險(xian)。
(二)完善企業(ye)財務(wu)統籌監(jian)控制度
企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)統籌監(jian)控(kong)(kong)能(neng)夠合理的(de)(de)分配企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)(bu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源,發揮出資(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)最(zui)大效(xiao)(xiao)益,同(tong)時能(neng)夠加強(qiang)對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),明(ming)確(que)各個部(bu)(bu)門財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du),避免資(zi)金(jin)流動過程(cheng)中(zhong)不必要(yao)的(de)(de)浪費(fei)。因此完善企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)統籌監(jian)控(kong)(kong)管(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)對于降低企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)風險(xian)起著至關重要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。加強(qiang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)統籌監(jian)控(kong)(kong)管(guan)(guan)理,首先企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理層應(ying)當(dang)(dang)加強(qiang)對于企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)重視(shi),提(ti)(ti)升財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)部(bu)(bu)門工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)素養,保證財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)科學性(xing)、合理性(xing)以(yi)及(ji)動態性(xing),確(que)保財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)能(neng)夠有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)地(di)應(ying)對市場形式以(yi)及(ji)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營狀(zhuang)況的(de)(de)迅(xun)速變化。同(tong)時應(ying)當(dang)(dang)將企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)落(luo)實(shi)到企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營活動的(de)(de)方方面面,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)來指(zhi)導并規(gui)范各個部(bu)(bu)門的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),更(geng)好的(de)(de)發揮企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。其(qi)次企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)建(jian)立(li)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)實(shi)施狀(zhuang)況的(de)(de)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)體系(xi),將企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)(bu)全體部(bu)(bu)門及(ji)主要(yao)責任人(ren)對于財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)實(shi)施情況納入績(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)考核(he)指(zhi)標,讓企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)上下樹立(li)重視(shi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)觀念,確(que)保企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)順利開展。建(jian)立(li)完善的(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)統籌監(jian)控(kong)(kong)管(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),落(luo)實(shi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),將極(ji)大地(di)提(ti)(ti)升企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)生產效(xiao)(xiao)益,提(ti)(ti)升其(qi)抗財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)風險(xian)能(neng)力。
(三)加(jia)強企業的經營管理,降(jiang)低企業內部財務風險
企(qi)業的(de)(de)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)狀(zhuang)況決定著財(cai)務(wu)資金的(de)(de)周(zhou)轉率,一旦企(qi)業的(de)(de)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)狀(zhuang)況出現問題(ti),資金周(zhou)轉率降低(di),公司財(cai)務(wu)風險就會接踵而至(zhi)。因(yin)此企(qi)業經營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)層應當(dang)提(ti)升自身(shen)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平(ping),建立完善的(de)(de)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度,用合理(li)的(de)(de)制(zhi)度來(lai)指導和(he)規(gui)范(fan)企(qi)業的(de)(de)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li),避(bi)免領導層忽視(shi)客觀(guan)情(qing)況,主(zhu)觀(guan)盲目管(guan)理(li)問題(ti)的(de)(de)出現,從而提(ti)升企(qi)業經營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)能(neng)力,降低(di)企(qi)業內部(bu)財(cai)務(wu)風險。
三、結論
在(zai)市(shi)場經(jing)濟環(huan)境中,風(feng)險與機(ji)遇(yu)并(bing)存,企業(ye)要想獲得長期發展,就應當迎難(nan)而上,用于抓住發展的機(ji)遇(yu),同時應當加強自(zi)身財務管理工(gong)作(zuo),有效地(di)規避風(feng)險。
參考文獻:
篇2
關鍵詞:電信企業 資金管理 風險 管控(kong)
隨(sui)著信息技術的(de)發(fa)展,3G網絡已(yi)經成為人們生活中不可缺少的(de)一部分,3G技術的(de)發(fa)展所帶來的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)渠道(dao)的(de)資金流入也越來越多,各(ge)種(zhong)資金歸(gui)集(ji)的(de)渠道(dao)風險(xian)和控制措施越來越凸顯其地位的(de)重要性。
一(yi)、營收(shou)資金管理和歸(gui)集渠道(dao)概述(shu)
營(ying)收(shou)資金(jin)主要包括業(ye)務(wu)(wu)資金(jin)的賬(zhang)戶管(guan)(guan)理、業(ye)務(wu)(wu)資金(jin)的收(shou)取和繳存管(guan)(guan)理、業(ye)務(wu)(wu)資金(jin)的稽核管(guan)(guan)理等(deng)內容。業(ye)務(wu)(wu)的營(ying)收(shou)資金(jin)管(guan)(guan)理是資金(jin)管(guan)(guan)理的重要組(zu)成部分,也(ye)是防(fang)范資金(jin)財務(wu)(wu)風險和實現資金(jin)統一歸(gui)集(ji)的重要環節。
根據資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)道(dao)的(de)(de)地(di)點(dian)和類型不(bu)同,可(ke)以將資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分為自(zi)有資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)道(dao)、代辦資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)道(dao)和互聯網(wang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)道(dao)等(deng)類型,即(ji)通過企業(ye)(ye)自(zi)身實現歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和企業(ye)(ye)借(jie)助其(qi)他手段歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)兩種方式:具體包(bao)括(kuo)旗艦營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);標準營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);商匯總營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);電子營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)(ting)(自(zi)助終端、手機營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)(ting)、空中(zhong)充值等(deng))的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);銀行代收、托收營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。
二(er)、營業收款歸集渠道的(de)風險(xian)分析
(一)旗艦營(ying)業廳(ting)營(ying)業收款歸集(ji)渠道的風險分析(xi)
旗艦(jian)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳屬于(yu)電信企業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部規模(mo)較大的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳,營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)流動性較強(qiang),所承擔的(de)(de)(de)話費(fei)收(shou)(shou)取及終端收(shou)(shou)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)資金(jin)金(jin)額(e)較大,風(feng)險(xian)比(bi)較高。其風(feng)險(xian)主要(yao)體現(xian)(xian)在(zai):營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)當日(ri)收(shou)(shou)取的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)沒有(you)按時足額(e)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)繳(jiao)到公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)入賬戶,造(zao)成(cheng)現(xian)(xian)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)虧空。營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)班(ban)長每(mei)天沒有(you)對各個(ge)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)實(shi)際上(shang)交的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)和(he)收(shou)(shou)入集中管(guan)理系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)繳(jiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)項進(jin)行(xing)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)稽核(he)。由于(yu)用(yong)戶申訴等(deng)原因(yin)所產生的(de)(de)(de)退費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)缺乏有(you)效審批機制,存(cun)在(zai)隨意審批的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)。營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資金(jin)每(mei)日(ri)封包送交押運公司(si)后、對尚未(wei)繳(jiao)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)尾(wei)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)未(wei)保(bao)存(cun)在(zai)指定金(jin)庫中,存(cun)在(zai)安全性風(feng)險(xian)。每(mei)月月末(mo)沒有(you)對營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)結算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)額(e)進(jin)行(xing)核(he)對或(huo)者核(he)對后未(wei)能準確分析差(cha)異原因(yin)并在(zai)資金(jin)管(guan)理系(xi)統進(jin)行(xing)調整(zheng),造(zao)成(cheng)未(wei)做到日(ri)清日(ri)結和(he)月清月結。
(二)標準營(ying)業廳(ting)資(zi)金安全及風險分析
標準(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)廳屬于電(dian)信企業(ye)內部(bu)(bu)規(gui)模稍次于旗(qi)艦營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)廳的(de)(de)一(yi)種營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)廳,營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)人員(yuan)不多,主要承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)話費(fei)收(shou)取和部(bu)(bu)分核(he)心業(ye)務,風(feng)險相對(dui)旗(qi)艦營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)廳來講(jiang)稍低。其風(feng)險主要體現(xian)在:營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)員(yuan)結(jie)賬后(hou)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)繳(jiao)款有(you)(you)(you)盈余(yu)或者虧空。營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)班長每(mei)(mei)天(tian)沒有(you)(you)(you)對(dui)各(ge)個營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)員(yuan)實際上交(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)款和收(shou)入集中管理系(xi)統的(de)(de)應繳(jiao)款項進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)稽(ji)核(he)。營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)資(zi)金每(mei)(mei)日封包送(song)交(jiao)(jiao)押運(yun)公司后(hou)、對(dui)尚未(wei)繳(jiao)存(cun)的(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)尾款未(wei)保存(cun)在指(zhi)定金庫中,存(cun)在安全性風(feng)險。對(dui)月末營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)款結(jie)算(suan)沒有(you)(you)(you)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)效分析,造成營(ying)(ying)(ying)業(ye)款結(jie)算(suan)余(yu)額。
(三(san))銀行代收(shou)、銀行托收(shou)資金安全及風(feng)險分析
銀行(xing)(xing)代收(shou)(shou)(shou)、銀行(xing)(xing)托收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)形(xing)式是電信企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)沿用(yong)很(hen)久的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)方式,主(zhu)要是利用(yong)銀行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)渠道來收(shou)(shou)(shou)取用(yong)戶的(de)(de)話費(fei)。這種(zhong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)方式相(xiang)對其他方式較為(wei)安(an)全。主(zhu)要表現在以(yi)下幾(ji)個方面(mian):沒有及時和代收(shou)(shou)(shou)銀行(xing)(xing)進行(xing)(xing)對賬,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)收(shou)(shou)(shou)取資(zi)金和對方銀行(xing)(xing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)取資(zi)金不一(yi)致(zhi),導致(zhi)會業(ye)(ye)(ye)差異。銀行(xing)(xing)方和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)方接(jie)口(kou)不一(yi)致(zhi),導致(zhi)銀行(xing)(xing)側(ce)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)已收(shou)(shou)(shou)、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)側(ce)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)未收(shou)(shou)(shou),或者企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)側(ce)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)已收(shou)(shou)(shou)、銀行(xing)(xing)側(ce)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)未收(shou)(shou)(shou)。
(四(si))渠道(dao)資(zi)金安全(quan)及風險分析
目前各(ge)個電信(xin)(xin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)對(dui)于外(wai)部市場的(de)(de)主要擴(kuo)展渠道(dao)是社會商(shang)(shang)(shang),在大城(cheng)市中有(you)像蘇寧、國美(mei)等(deng)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)高端家(jia)電零售企業(ye)(ye)(ye)為合作伙伴,就是在小(xiao)城(cheng)鎮和農村也有(you)報亭、食雜(za)店等(deng)銷售渠道(dao)。社會商(shang)(shang)(shang)人員素質(zhi)復(fu)雜(za),會存(cun)在延遲繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納營(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)款(kuan)的(de)(de)情況,特別是對(dui)開(kai)通了信(xin)(xin)用額度的(de)(de)高資(zi)質(zhi)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)欠(qian)(qian)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)資(zi)金(jin),其資(zi)金(jin)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)更高。資(zi)金(jin)安全風(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)主要表現形式(shi):未建立商(shang)(shang)(shang)預存(cun)款(kuan)制度,導(dao)致商(shang)(shang)(shang)經辦的(de)(de)各(ge)類業(ye)(ye)(ye)務未能及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)將營(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)款(kuan)項繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)存(cun)收(shou)入賬戶且欠(qian)(qian)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)資(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)金(jin)額超過其繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)押金(jin)數額。商(shang)(shang)(shang)信(xin)(xin)用額度審批不嚴,導(dao)致部分不具備信(xin)(xin)用額度開(kai)通資(zi)質(zhi)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)不能及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納營(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)金(jin),且欠(qian)(qian)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)資(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)數額超過其繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)押金(jin)。商(shang)(shang)(shang)預存(cun)款(kuan)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納不足(zu),系統沒(mei)有(you)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)封閉商(shang)(shang)(shang)辦理各(ge)類業(ye)(ye)(ye)務的(de)(de)權限,導(dao)致商(shang)(shang)(shang)欠(qian)(qian)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)金(jin)。
(五)電子(zi)渠道(dao)資金安全(quan)及風險分析(xi)
隨著(zhu)互聯網(wang)的(de)(de)普遍應用以及支(zhi)付(fu)寶(bao)等第三方(fang)支(zhi)付(fu)平臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)興(xing)起,很多普通用戶選擇在自助終端支(zhi)付(fu)業(ye)務(wu)費(fei)(fei)用或者(zhe)(zhe)在營業(ye)廳(ting)進(jin)行(xing)卡號、終端的(de)(de)購買以及話費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)繳納(na)。上(shang)述資(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)支(zhi)付(fu)需要通過(guo)各(ge)個業(ye)務(wu)平臺(tai)(tai)與(yu)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)計費(fei)(fei)系統(tong)(tong)之間進(jin)行(xing)數據轉換(huan),因此數據轉換(huan)的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程中就會(hui)給公(gong)司(si)(si)帶來(lai)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)風險(xian),主要表現在以下幾(ji)個方(fang)面:公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)計費(fei)(fei)系統(tong)(tong)已經成(cheng)功(gong)繳費(fei)(fei)或者(zhe)(zhe)成(cheng)功(gong)退(tui)費(fei)(fei),但(dan)各(ge)個業(ye)務(wu)平臺(tai)(tai)顯示繳費(fei)(fei)或者(zhe)(zhe)退(tui)費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)失敗,造(zao)成(cheng)兩方(fang)數據的(de)(de)差異;電子(zi)商務(wu)的(de)(de)管(guan)理部門對公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)計費(fei)(fei)系統(tong)(tong)和各(ge)業(ye)務(wu)平臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)支(zhi)付(fu)未(wei)進(jin)行(xing)定期核對,未(wei)對差異差生的(de)(de)原因及時進(jin)行(xing)分析和處理,造(zao)成(cheng)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)安全(quan)(quan)風險(xian)。
三、各種收款渠(qu)道(dao)應(ying)對(dui)資金安全風(feng)險的(de)方案
(一)旗艦營(ying)業廳和標準營(ying)業廳應對資金安全風險(xian)的方案(an)
市場部門(men)對(dui)(dui)各營業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳的(de)退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)額(e)度進(jin)行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li),旗艦營業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳營業(ye)(ye)(ye)日報退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)的(de)額(e)度是(shi)每(mei)日2萬元(yuan),標準營業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳每(mei)日的(de)退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)額(e)度是(shi)3000元(yuan):公司可以根(gen)據各個營業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳的(de)地理(li)(li)位(wei)置,授(shou)權開放退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)權限(xian)。承(cheng)擔退(tui)(tui)(tui)款的(de)營業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳,應(ying)在營業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳單獨設(she)立臺(tai)席受理(li)(li)退(tui)(tui)(tui)款業(ye)(ye)(ye)務,其他(ta)臺(tai)席不(bu)能處(chu)理(li)(li)現(xian)金(jin)退(tui)(tui)(tui)款。各營業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳按照(zhao)預(yu)存款、收(shou)入、押金(jin)等類型(xing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)清(qing)退(tui)(tui)(tui),同(tong)時賦(fu)予不(bu)同(tong)的(de)負責人對(dui)(dui)退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)批,并制定專人對(dui)(dui)審(shen)批流(liu)程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)和檢查。同(tong)時在OA中(zhong)設(she)置退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)審(shen)批的(de)電子流(liu),營業(ye)(ye)(ye)員工應(ying)在OA中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)原因進(jin)行(xing)(xing)詳細說明,并按照(zhao)退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)類別對(dui)(dui)退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)憑證進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檔案(an)管(guan)理(li)(li)。后臺(tai)支(zhi)撐部門(men)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)前臺(tai)的(de)營業(ye)(ye)(ye)退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)逐筆稽(ji)核,應(ying)重點稽(ji)核超過1000元(yuan)的(de)大(da)額(e)退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei),還應(ying)對(dui)(dui)同(tong)一用戶不(bu)同(tong)金(jin)額(e)的(de)多筆退(tui)(tui)(tui)費(fei)(fei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)重點稽(ji)核,重點稽(ji)核其合理(li)(li)性,從而減(jian)少資金(jin)損(sun)失。
各旗艦營(ying)業(ye)廳和(he)標準(zhun)營(ying)業(ye)廳應(ying)該(gai)全(quan)面使用資金(jin)管(guan)理系統,同時(shi)完成一(yi)級資金(jin)稽核(he)任(ren)務,當日(ri)營(ying)業(ye)款必須(xu)做到日(ri)清日(ri)結:一(yi)級稽核(he)是指各旗艦營(ying)業(ye)廳和(he)標準(zhun)營(ying)業(ye)廳的(de)營(ying)業(ye)班(ban)長(chang)按照規定的(de)時(shi)間對每日(ri)營(ying)業(ye)日(ri)報和(he)營(ying)業(ye)款進行一(yi)級稽核(he);同時(shi)企(qi)業(ye)要(yao)建立(li)三級稽核(he)制度。
各營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)都應配備(bei)存(cun)放營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)尾款(kuan)(kuan)的保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)柜,將營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)尾款(kuan)(kuan)存(cun)放于(yu)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)柜進行(xing)管(guan)理(li):營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)款(kuan)(kuan)尾款(kuan)(kuan)是指(zhi)營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)每天收取的營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)款(kuan)(kuan)未由(you)押運公司封包運送指(zhi)定銀(yin)行(xing)的款(kuan)(kuan)項,即每天營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)由(you)押運公司上門取款(kuan)(kuan)后到營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)關門前所收取的款(kuan)(kuan)項,由(you)于(yu)銀(yin)行(xing)結賬原因(yin)必須(xu)留存(cun)于(yu)營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)保(bao)(bao)管(guan)的款(kuan)(kuan)項。對于(yu)營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)款(kuan)(kuan)尾款(kuan)(kuan)必須(xu)存(cun)放于(yu)指(zhi)定金(jin)庫進行(xing)保(bao)(bao)管(guan),不得以任(ren)何原因(yin)挪(nuo)用營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)尾款(kuan)(kuan)。
財務(wu)部門要進(jin)行營(ying)業(ye)款分析制度(du),同時各個自(zi)有營(ying)業(ye)廳要加強自(zi)身營(ying)業(ye)款的(de)(de)管(guan)理:財務(wu)部門通過建立營(ying)業(ye)款結算臺賬對(dui)營(ying)業(ye)款的(de)(de)賬齡、產生原因以(yi)及時間進(jin)行分析。
(二)銀行托收、銀行代收應對(dui)資金安全(quan)風(feng)險的方案(an)
財(cai)務(wu)部(bu)(bu)門(men)要及(ji)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)銀企對(dui)(dui)賬(zhang),通(tong)過(guo)銀行(xing)(xing)存款余額調節表(biao)發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)未達賬(zhang)項并查明(ming)原因,到(dao)底是企業(ye)賬(zhang)錄入錯(cuo)誤,還是銀行(xing)(xing)回(hui)單未及(ji)時(shi)(shi)入賬(zhang)。信息化(hua)部(bu)(bu)門(men)要及(ji)時(shi)(shi)與各(ge)銀行(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)接(jie)口(kou)對(dui)(dui)賬(zhang),通(tong)過(guo)銀行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)接(jie)口(kou)對(dui)(dui)賬(zhang)發(fa)現(xian)其中存在(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti),避免產(chan)生銀行(xing)(xing)有數(shu)據,企業(ye)無數(shu)據的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況,或者產(chan)生企業(ye)數(shu)據進(jin)重復的(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。
(三)渠道應對資金安全風險的(de)方案
企業應建(jian)立(li)商(shang)(shang)(shang)預(yu)(yu)存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)制度,讓商(shang)(shang)(shang)先繳(jiao)納預(yu)(yu)存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)在辦(ban)理(li)業務,避免(mian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)欠繳(jiao)營業款(kuan)(kuan),每(mei)個(ge)商(shang)(shang)(shang)都應建(jian)立(li)單獨的預(yu)(yu)存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)賬(zhang)戶(hu),財務部門(men)應設置專人對商(shang)(shang)(shang)預(yu)(yu)存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)進行(xing)管理(li),避免(mian)產生欠繳(jiao)營業款(kuan)(kuan)的風險。
企業應建立(li)商(shang)押金(jin)制度,如果出現商(shang)欠繳營(ying)業款的(de)(de)情(qing)況,及時用押金(jin)補繳其(qi)欠繳的(de)(de)營(ying)業款。
對(dui)開通(tong)信用額度的商(shang)要進行嚴格的資質審(shen)批,避(bi)免因(yin)為審(shen)批不(bu)嚴格導致的風險。
(四)電子渠道應(ying)對資金(jin)安全(quan)風險的方案(an)
財(cai)務部門、稽核部門、電(dian)子(zi)渠(qu)道部門應該建(jian)立(li)定期對(dui)(dui)賬制度:對(dui)(dui)于電(dian)子(zi)渠(qu)道業務按照(zhao)電(dian)子(zi)渠(qu)道的業務類分自(zi)助終(zhong)端、網上(shang)繳費、手機營(ying)業廳等進行對(dui)(dui)賬。
電子(zi)渠道(dao)部門要定期核對系(xi)(xi)統內(nei)的接口(kou)(kou)數據(ju),避免接口(kou)(kou)數據(ju)的滯留在系(xi)(xi)統中,及(ji)時進行(xing)會業對賬,及(ji)時處理會業對賬所產生(sheng)的差(cha)異(yi)。
參考文獻:
[1]王娜.談(tan)如何加(jia)強(qiang)通信行業(ye)(ye)區縣分公司的(de)營業(ye)(ye)資金管理[J].現代商(shang)業(ye)(ye),2009
篇3
1風險分析
政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)環境風險指(zhi)國(guo)(guo)家通過(guo)調整宏觀政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)產(chan)生價格波動(dong)而(er)引(yin)起的風險。隨著經濟(ji)和科學技術的發(fa)展(zhan),資源隨著市(shi)場(chang)優(you)化配(pei)置,國(guo)(guo)家很可(ke)能(neng)對供電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)取消過(guo)去(qu)的優(you)惠政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce);地(di)方政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府調整產(chan)業(ye)結構政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)導致(zhi)用電(dian)(dian)量縮小(xiao),電(dian)(dian)量供過(guo)于求;一(yi)些企業(ye)經營不(bu)善而(er)面(mian)臨破產(chan),無(wu)力支(zhi)付(fu)供電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)電(dian)(dian)費而(er)導致(zhi)經濟(ji)的損失等(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)些宏觀政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)化引(yin)起的風險也是難以預測(ce)的。另外,電(dian)(dian)力行(xing)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)也在不(bu)斷變(bian)(bian)動(dong),如國(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)監(jian)會對電(dian)(dian)力安全、市(shi)場(chang)準入、交易、成本與(yu)價格、節能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)、供電(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)六(liu)個方面(mian)推出新的監(jian)管舉(ju)措(cuo);政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)導向促使清潔能(neng)源帶來新的機遇(yu)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng),行(xing)業(ye)變(bian)(bian)動(dong)風險也不(bu)可(ke)忽略。
2控制措施
對(dui)于(yu)國家宏觀政(zheng)策變(bian)動(dong)所帶(dai)來的(de)風險(xian),供電企業應當緊跟國家政(zheng)策,保(bao)持(chi)對(dui)形(xing)勢(shi)的(de)洞察力,及時(shi)調整(zheng)策略(lve),爭取獲得主動(dong)權;大力培養人才(cai),引進新(xin)設備(bei)、新(xin)技術(shu),通過技術(shu)改進保(bao)證(zheng)供電安(an)全、滿足社會需求、保(bao)護生態環節,盡(jin)社會責(ze)任,增(zeng)加企業經濟效益(yi)。對(dui)于(yu)行(xing)業變(bian)動(dong)帶(dai)來的(de)風險(xian),供電企業應當實時(shi)掌握電力行(xing)業動(dong)態,及時(shi)調整(zheng)企業發(fa)展目標(biao),順應時(shi)勢(shi),走技術(shu)革命道路(lu),也行(xing)業創(chuang)新(xin)應對(dui)行(xing)業變(bian)化,引領(ling)或主導(dao)行(xing)業的(de)變(bian)化。
二公共關系(xi)風險(xian)與控(kong)制(zhi)
1風險分析
公共關(guan)(guan)系(xi)風(feng)險(xian)是指供電(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)與其他(ta)組(zu)織、團體和(he)個人(ren)構(gou)成(cheng)一(yi)個開放系(xi)統,有(you)著密切的(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi),通過傳播(bo)、雙向(xiang)溝通和(he)活動(dong)來(lai)影(ying)(ying)響公眾,塑造自身(shen)形象。電(dian)力(li)(li)營銷公共關(guan)(guan)系(xi)風(feng)險(xian)因素有(you)營銷服務水(shui)平、品(pin)(pin)牌管(guan)理(li)、危(wei)機管(guan)理(li)、內部(bu)與外部(bu)公關(guan)(guan)。如供電(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)營銷人(ren)員素質(zhi)參差不齊,難以為客(ke)戶提供優質(zhi)的(de)服務;電(dian)力(li)(li)市場化(hua)破除(chu)傳統的(de)壟斷,對(dui)供電(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)提出更高的(de)要(yao)求;多(duo)數員工(gong)“電(dian)老虎”的(de)觀念根深蒂固,與現代市場經濟不一(yi)致,難以讓他(ta)們從根本上認識到(dao)品(pin)(pin)牌形象對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)重要(yao)性;電(dian)力(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)坎坷發展(zhan)歷程使(shi)得內部(bu)各種關(guan)(guan)系(xi)非(fei)常復雜(za)(za),這(zhe)種“復雜(za)(za)”既可給電(dian)力(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)既能給電(dian)力(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)帶來(lai)動(dong)力(li)(li),也(ye)會(hui)(hui)成(cheng)為影(ying)(ying)響電(dian)力(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)因素;作為承擔(dan)著巨大社(she)會(hui)(hui)責任的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye),與民生工(gong)程聯系(xi)在一(yi)起,受到(dao)社(she)會(hui)(hui)各界普遍的(de)關(guan)(guan)注,稍有(you)不慎容易產生自損(sun)形象風(feng)險(xian)。
2控制措施
針(zhen)對營銷服(fu)務(wu)水平(ping)風(feng)險(xian)因素,應(ying)當滿(man)足大(da)(da)小(xiao)用戶(hu)(hu)用戶(hu)(hu)的(de)多(duo)層(ceng)次、個性化(hua)(hua)需(xu)求來(lai)搶占市(shi)場(chang),增(zeng)加(jia)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)占有率;通(tong)過(guo)內部(bu)員(yuan)工(gong)培訓,將(jiang)服(fu)務(wu)理念深入營銷人員(yuan)意(yi)識;通(tong)過(guo)優化(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)流(liu)程(cheng),及(ji)時(shi)解決(jue)用戶(hu)(hu)的(de)問題;建立員(yuan)工(gong)主動(dong)走訪制度(du),了解客戶(hu)(hu)的(de)需(xu)求,及(ji)時(shi)化(hua)(hua)解矛盾,提高企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)形(xing)象;對于品(pin)牌風(feng)險(xian),加(jia)大(da)(da)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)VI視(shi)覺識別系統建設(she),再通(tong)過(guo)優質(zhi)服(fu)務(wu),給用戶(hu)(hu)最好的(de)體驗,增(zeng)加(jia)用戶(hu)(hu)對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)忠誠度(du)和認同感,擴大(da)(da)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)社會影響力;針(zhen)對內外部(bu)公共(gong)(gong)關系風(feng)險(xian),要成立公共(gong)(gong)關系部(bu)應(ying)對風(feng)險(xian),同時(shi)要強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)建設(she),提高員(yuan)工(gong)公共(gong)(gong)關系意(yi)識。多(duo)采用現代化(hua)(hua)的(de)信息技術(shu)與(yu)(yu)加(jia)強(qiang)與(yu)(yu)公眾溝通(tong),提高企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)知名度(du)。加(jia)強(qiang)與(yu)(yu)政府部(bu)門(men)聯系,強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)政府部(bu)門(men)之間關系等;針(zhen)對危(wei)機(ji)管(guan)(guan)理風(feng)險(xian),要建立危(wei)機(ji)管(guan)(guan)理機(ji)構,成立危(wei)機(ji)應(ying)急小(xiao)組,增(zeng)強(qiang)危(wei)機(ji)管(guan)(guan)理意(yi)識和前瞻性意(yi)識,做好危(wei)機(ji)評(ping)估總結。
三法律風險與控制
1風險分析
法(fa)律(lv)(lv)風(feng)險(xian)是(shi)由于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內外部環(huan)節變化(hua)以(yi)及(ji)相(xiang)關人員(yuan)作(zuo)為(wei)與(yu)(yu)不(bu)作(zuo)為(wei),以(yi)違(wei)反(fan)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)或規定(ding)相(xiang)關條款(kuan)引(yin)起對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)目標實(shi)現(xian)的(de)影響。如(ru)供(gong)用電(dian)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)風(feng)險(xian)、意(yi)(yi)外傷(shang)害(hai)風(feng)險(xian)、勞(lao)動(dong)爭議(yi)風(feng)險(xian)等(deng)等(deng)。供(gong)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理人員(yuan)沒有正確(que)的(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)識,對合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理隨(sui)意(yi)(yi)以(yi)及(ji)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)現(xian)問題時處理不(bu)當都(dou)會(hui)給(gei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)帶來(lai)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)風(feng)險(xian);一些員(yuan)工(gong)未按企(qi)業(ye)(ye)安全規程進(jin)行現(xian)場作(zuo)業(ye)(ye),安全意(yi)(yi)識淡薄,一旦出(chu)現(xian)意(yi)(yi)識傷(shang)害(hai)事故,既造成巨大的(de)經濟(ji)損失,也導致企(qi)業(ye)(ye)形象(xiang)受損;長期以(yi)來(lai)與(yu)(yu)農電(dian)工(gong)不(bu)存在勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)卻存在勞(lao)動(dong)關系(xi),矛(mao)盾日益突出(chu),不(bu)僅影響農電(dian)工(gong)隊伍穩定(ding),也給(gei)勞(lao)動(dong)爭議(yi)帶來(lai)巨大的(de)潛在風(feng)險(xian)。
2控制措施
篇4
企業內(nei)控管(guan)理與財務風險(xian)控制的(de)現狀
(一)內控的制度
當企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)內控制(zhi)度執(zhi)(zhi)行不(bu)力(li)時(shi),組織架構間的(de)(de)牽制(zhi)與(yu)監督不(bu)嚴,內控力(li)度弱化(hua)。執(zhi)(zhi)行內控制(zhi)度的(de)(de)相關(guan)管理人員對于自身工作(zuo)的(de)(de)重視(shi)性不(bu)足,而制(zhi)度上的(de)(de)缺失(shi)也會導致獎懲機制(zhi)的(de)(de)發(fa)揮失(shi)靈,甚至沒有基本(ben)的(de)(de)制(zhi)度來監督這方面的(de)(de)工作(zuo)。這就形(xing)成一種(zhong)內部控制(zhi)制(zhi)度"執(zhi)(zhi)行與(yu)不(bu)執(zhi)(zhi)行一個樣(yang),執(zhi)(zhi)行好與(yu)執(zhi)(zhi)行壞一個樣(yang)"的(de)(de)現象。當內控手(shou)段形(xing)如一紙空文時(shi),企業(ye)(ye)面臨的(de)(de)財務風險概率就會提升。
(二)監督與落實
有(you)些企(qi)業有(you)內(nei)控方面(mian)的(de)(de)制度(du)與(yu)條文(wen),但由于執行不到位或者根本沒(mei)有(you)執行,監(jian)督(du)與(yu)落(luo)實根本就(jiu)不存(cun)(cun)在(zai)。在(zai)工(gong)作中只講求(qiu)靈活處(chu)理(li),而(er)不強(qiang)調(diao)原則性。甚(shen)至在(zai)處(chu)理(li)過程中把內(nei)控視(shi)為形(xing)(xing)式化的(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)在(zai),這樣(yang)就(jiu)直(zhi)接提升(sheng)了財務風險(xian)的(de)(de)可能性,也是造(zao)成企(qi)業經(jing)營(ying)事故的(de)(de)主要(yao)原因。當然,也有(you)一些企(qi)業在(zai)內(nei)控制度(du)上有(you)相當詳細(xi)的(de)(de)條文(wen),但由于缺(que)少監(jian)督(du)與(yu)落(luo)實的(de)(de)制度(du),也沒(mei)有(you)形(xing)(xing)成統(tong)一性的(de)(de)監(jian)管體系,那么就(jiu)會造(zao)成監(jian)督(du)效(xiao)果差,內(nei)部監(jian)督(du)與(yu)審查存(cun)(cun)在(zai)空白和不足(zu)。
(三)意識與措施
企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員對(dui)于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)控管(guan)理(li)不重視(shi),把內(nei)控管(guan)理(li)視(shi)作(zuo)可(ke)有(you)可(ke)無(wu),只(zhi)集中(zhong)精力用(yong)于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營與經(jing)濟效益目標達成上。這(zhe)在(zai)于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員沒有(you)深刻(ke)認識到(dao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi)與內(nei)控制(zhi)(zhi)度對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極意(yi)(yi)義,沒有(you)意(yi)(yi)識到(dao)健全的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)度對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)潛在(zai)效益的(de)(de)(de)(de)促進力。甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)有(you)些企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)只(zhi)是在(zai)面臨上級檢查(cha)時臨時應(ying)付一下(xia),走個過場。這(zhe)些錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)識直(zhi)接讓內(nei)控管(guan)理(li)形(xing)(xing)同虛設(she),不僅(jin)發(fa)揮不了內(nei)控的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)會出現反(fan)作(zuo)用(yong),形(xing)(xing)成大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)"面子工程(cheng)".再加上企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員對(dui)于內(nei)控工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任心(xin)不強(qiang),意(yi)(yi)識不足,甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)不具有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)外部(bu)風險敏感度,如果此時內(nei)部(bu)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)形(xing)(xing)勢(shi)形(xing)(xing)成了錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識,輕則(ze)造成內(nei)耗,重則(ze)影響企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)運作(zuo)。
企(qi)業內控管理與(yu)財務風險(xian)控制的防范
(一)營造環境
在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),塑(su)造良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)環(huan)境,提(ti)高風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)意(yi)識(shi)(shi),形成一個互(hu)相監督(du)互(hu)幫互(hu)助的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)氛圍(wei)將(jiang)有(you)利(li)于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)行。基于此,在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)上,應根(gen)據現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)情(qing)況,制(zhi)(zhi)訂(ding)(ding)出具有(you)針對性的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)管(guan)理(li)措(cuo)施,建立起適合于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)防(fang)范機制(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru),先激發與(yu)提(ti)升(sheng)領導層(ceng)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任意(yi)識(shi)(shi),提(ti)高其關注度,讓企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領導層(ceng)認識(shi)(shi)到內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)對于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)效(xiao)(xiao)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。再結(jie)合企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)況,篩選出風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)點,對其進(jin)行評估與(yu)預(yu)(yu)測,并根(gen)據企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展情(qing)況制(zhi)(zhi)訂(ding)(ding)出應對措(cuo)施。根(gen)據企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)體系制(zhi)(zhi)訂(ding)(ding)出對內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)考察制(zhi)(zhi)度,把內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)與(yu)財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)防(fang)范工(gong)作(zuo)納入(ru)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)主要(yao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)中(zhong)來。通(tong)過(guo)獎(jiang)懲制(zhi)(zhi)度端(duan)正(zheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)部(bu)門與(yu)員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)態度,提(ti)高其工(gong)作(zuo)主動(dong)性。加(jia)以(yi)配合以(yi)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文化宣(xuan)傳(chuan),如(ru)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)面與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)防(fang)范的(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)宣(xuan)傳(chuan),內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)案例等,普及企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi),讓企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員從意(yi)識(shi)(shi)上重(zhong)視(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)工(gong)作(zuo),在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)重(zhong)視(shi)操作(zuo)規程(cheng),重(zhong)視(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)流程(cheng),形成良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)原(yuan)則。當然,為了實現內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)與(yu)財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)性,還應在(zai)(zai)年度預(yu)(yu)算、重(zhong)大發展決策、重(zhong)大合同簽訂(ding)(ding)時發揮民主精(jing)神,發動(dong)群眾監督(du)力量,匯集(ji)集(ji)體智慧,提(ti)高企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展決策的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學性。
(二)提高權威
企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)工作開展得如何與(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)工作在企(qi)(qi)業(ye)管理(li)中的(de)(de)地(di)位息(xi)息(xi)相關(guan)。基(ji)于當下很多企(qi)(qi)業(ye)都缺少獨立(li)內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)部(bu)門(men)(men)與(yu)(yu)(yu)風險(xian)防范(fan)部(bu)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)情況下,應設立(li)專(zhuan)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)管理(li)部(bu)門(men)(men)。擺脫過(guo)去企(qi)(qi)業(ye)財(cai)務部(bu)門(men)(men)兼職內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)管理(li)的(de)(de)情況,提高(gao)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)管理(li)的(de)(de)實(shi)效(xiao)性(xing)。并引入第(di)三方評估,提高(gao)內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)財(cai)務風險(xian)管理(li)的(de)(de)透明度,賦(fu)予內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)財(cai)務風險(xian)防范(fan)工作權威性(xing),保障其工作的(de)(de)客(ke)觀(guan)性(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)獨立(li)性(xing),切實(shi)提高(gao)內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)管理(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)風險(xian)防范(fan)工作的(de)(de)質量。
(三)有效溝通
在企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)控(kong)與(yu)(yu)財務(wu)風險防控(kong)中(zhong),企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)與(yu)(yu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)是(shi)(shi)否真實(shi)有效(xiao)(xiao),是(shi)(shi)否及(ji)(ji)時(shi)全面,都直接影響(xiang)到(dao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)控(kong)與(yu)(yu)財務(wu)風險防范(fan)水平。考慮(lv)到(dao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)控(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)涉及(ji)(ji)到(dao)多個部門(men)與(yu)(yu)崗(gang)位,內(nei)控(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)需要(yao)進行大量的(de)(de)(de)溝通與(yu)(yu)交流(liu),那(nei)么就應把握交流(liu)質(zhi)量,確定(ding)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)性(xing)與(yu)(yu)全面性(xing),以提(ti)高內(nei)控(kong)與(yu)(yu)財務(wu)風險防范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)(xiao)率。另一方(fang)面,內(nei)控(kong)與(yu)(yu)財務(wu)風險防范(fan)過程中(zhong),信(xin)(xin)息(xi)傳遞的(de)(de)(de)渠道是(shi)(shi)否暢(chang)通,信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)傳遞是(shi)(shi)否及(ji)(ji)時(shi),信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量高低都會(hui)影響(xiang)到(dao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)管理部門(men)與(yu)(yu)決(jue)策部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)向。所以在這方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)管理應把握住信(xin)(xin)息(xi)審核的(de)(de)(de)原則,多方(fang)面,多層次地分(fen)析信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)來源與(yu)(yu)真實(shi)性(xing),提(ti)高內(nei)控(kong)與(yu)(yu)財務(wu)風險防范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)性(xing)。
企業(ye)內(nei)控管(guan)理(li)與(yu)財務風險控制的現狀與(yu)防范相關(guan)文章(zhang):
1.企業(ye)財務(wu)風險的控制與防范
2.試論企業財務風(feng)險的防范與控制
3.企業(ye)財(cai)務管理內控體系建設現狀(zhuang)及建議
篇5
一、電力企業(ye)財(cai)務(wu)風(feng)險的(de)源(yuan)頭(tou)
一是(shi)政(zheng)策(ce)風(feng)險:電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)具(ju)有較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)壟斷性(xing),它對(dui)于人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)日常生(sheng)活和(he)工作以及社(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)都(dou)有著直(zhi)接的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang);國家(jia)控制著電(dian)(dian)價,所以國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)到電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)利潤(run)。國家(jia)如果制定(ding)(ding)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)價格,就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)國民經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)造(zao)成影(ying)響(xiang);如果制定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)過低,那么就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)限(xian)制到電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)空間。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)給予了部(bu)分企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)優(you)惠,這(zhe)樣就(jiu)(jiu)大大減少了電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)利潤(run),這(zhe)樣電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)更(geng)新和(he)建設(she)就(jiu)(jiu)沒有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)資金(jin),人(ren)們(men)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)資源的(de)(de)(de)需求無法得到滿(man)足(zu);無法對(dui)設(she)備隨時更(geng)新,電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)輸(shu)出安全得不(bu)到保證等(deng)等(deng)。因此,電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)經營和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)會(hui)(hui)直(zhi)接受(shou)到政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),容易有財務風(feng)險出現(xian)。
二(er)是(shi)在籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務風(feng)險(xian)(xian):如今(jin)人們生活(huo)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)提升,對(dui)(dui)電(dian)力有著較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求,現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)網規模需(xu)(xu)要進(jin)一(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大。要結合具(ju)體情況,對(dui)(dui)電(dian)力企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設進(jin)行擴大,投入更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)和(he)人力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源,需(xu)(xu)要大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金。但是(shi)電(dian)力企(qi)業(ye)在對(dui)(dui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金不斷籌(chou)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),就可能(neng)會(hui)有風(feng)險(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)生。供(gong)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)需(xu)(xu)要對(dui)(dui)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)防范體系進(jin)行科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)建,合理(li)預(yu)測籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian),對(dui)(dui)籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)決(jue)策(ce)進(jin)行科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制定,以便避免(mian)有財(cai)務風(feng)險(xian)(xian)發生于籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)。
三是自然(ran)災害(hai)造(zao)成的財務(wu)風險:在(zai)諸(zhu)多(duo)類型的惡(e)劣天氣下,容易破壞到電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業的設備。如在(zai)前幾(ji)年的雪災中,就嚴重損壞了電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設施(shi),破壞到了電(dian)(dian)(dian)網,很多(duo)地區都無法正常(chang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。自然(ran)災害(hai)所導致(zhi)的停電(dian)(dian)(dian),會在(zai)一定程度上影(ying)響到人民的正常(chang)生(sheng)活。供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業只有(you)具備了足夠的資金,方(fang)可以對自然(ran)災害(hai)有(you)效的抵抗,這樣管理風險就會得(de)到加大(da)。
四是(shi)營(ying)銷過(guo)程(cheng)中的財務風險:如(ru)今電力交易的市場化(hua)程(cheng)度在不斷提升,市場波動會影響到(dao)電力供求;抄(chao)表(biao)、核算和(he)收(shou)(shou)費(fei)是(shi)電力企業營(ying)銷的主要(yao)環節,在抄(chao)表(biao)環節需(xu)(xu)要(yao)正確(que)地抄(chao)錄客戶(hu)用(yong)電量(liang),在電費(fei)收(shou)(shou)取過(guo)程(cheng)中,回收(shou)(shou)率也可能會出現風險。部分用(yong)戶(hu)沒有對(dui)電費(fei)按時繳納,那么財務風險就會得到(dao)加(jia)大(da)。在電費(fei)收(shou)(shou)取的過(guo)程(cheng)中,電力企業需(xu)(xu)要(yao)獨(du)立結算,并且構建(jian)相應的預警體系(xi)。
二、供電企業(ye)財務管(guan)理中的(de)內部控制措施
一是從經(jing)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)務方面進行(xing)防范:企業(ye)(ye)要(yao)對(dui)分配管理體系進行(xing)科學的(de)構(gou)建(jian),對(dui)主營(ying)業(ye)(ye)務和其(qi)他業(ye)(ye)務合理規(gui)劃,企業(ye)(ye)在發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)多項業(ye)(ye)務的(de)同(tong)時,不能夠降低(di)原來業(ye)(ye)務的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)市場份額。在發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)多項經(jing)濟(ji)業(ye)(ye)務的(de)同(tong)時,還需要(yao)較(jiao)快的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)主營(ying)業(ye)(ye)務,將有效地防范措施給(gei)應用過(guo)來,最大(da)限度地降低(di)財務風(feng)險。
二是投(tou)(tou)資(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)防范:企(qi)業(ye)只(zhi)有(you)進行(xing)了(le)諸多的(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資(zi),方可以獲得更(geng)大的(de)(de)利潤,要(yao)(yao)(yao)想投(tou)(tou)資(zi),企(qi)業(ye)就需要(yao)(yao)(yao)籌資(zi)。企(qi)業(ye)對內投(tou)(tou)資(zi)或者對外投(tou)(tou)資(zi),都會有(you)風(feng)險(xian)出現,那(nei)么(me)就需要(yao)(yao)(yao)采用相應的(de)(de)防范措施。投(tou)(tou)資(zi)包含著當下(xia)和(he)未來的(de)(de)一個時間差,容易有(you)風(feng)險(xian)出現。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),電網中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)建(jian)設在(zai)(zai)電力(li)企(qi)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)占據了(le)一個較大的(de)(de)比例,在(zai)(zai)電力(li)企(qi)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)中(zhong)(zhong),固定資(zi)產投(tou)(tou)資(zi)是非常重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)一個方面。因為如今技術比較的(de)(de)落后,固定資(zi)產方面還存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著一定的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian),那(nei)么(me)在(zai)(zai)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)之前,就需要(yao)(yao)(yao)合理計劃資(zi)金的(de)(de)分配,做(zuo)好預測工(gong)作,全(quan)面詳細地把控即將要(yao)(yao)(yao)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)事情。在(zai)(zai)此(ci)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),相關機構需要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好監督(du)工(gong)作,以便(bian)能夠將其(qi)安全(quan)實施下(xia)去,促使(shi)財務風(feng)險(xian)得到有(you)效降低。
三是籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)活動(dong)中做(zuo)好防范措施(shi):電力(li)企業要(yao)想降低(di)籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)過程中的(de)(de)風(feng)險,就(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)預測機構進行成(cheng)立,對(dui)籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)管(guan)理機制進行健全和完(wan)善,促使(shi)電力(li)企業的(de)(de)管(guan)理人(ren)員充分重視籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)管(guan)理工(gong)作。
四是(shi)內部審核(he)措施(shi)的(de)應用:要(yao)將內部控(kong)制(zhi)貫(guan)徹于企業的(de)各個環節中,對審核(he)力度(du)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)適當地(di)加大,促使企業的(de)全(quan)方位控(kong)制(zhi)得到實現(xian)。要(yao)結合各個環節的(de)內部矛盾(dun),將正確的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)方法給(gei)找出來,嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)各種有效(xiao)(xiao)增長利潤的(de)經濟行(xing)為。要(yao)強(qiang)化管(guan)理資產負債,定時監控(kong),避免(mian)出現(xian)風險,還需要(yao)對全(quan)面預算管(guan)理制(zhi)度(du)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)完善,對現(xian)金(jin)流(liu)量預算進(jin)(jin)行(xing)編(bian)制(zhi),以便對財務(wu)管(guan)理風險進(jin)(jin)行(xing)有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)。
三、供電企業(ye)會計內部控制(zhi)原則
一是(shi)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)內部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制需要(yao)結合(he)事(shi)前(qian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制和事(shi)后(hou)(hou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制,在(zai)財(cai)務管(guan)理中,則(ze)主(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)用的是(shi)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)監督。在(zai)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)內部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制中,需要(yao)充(chong)分結合(he)事(shi)前(qian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制和事(shi)中控(kong)(kong)(kong)制。最后(hou)(hou)是(shi)通(tong)過會(hui)計(ji)(ji)內部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制和會(hui)計(ji)(ji)內部的具體有效管(guan)理,促(cu)使資產安全得到保證。
二是要(yao)監控物資(zi)(zi)的(de)調(diao)配、籌(chou)資(zi)(zi)決策過程(cheng),將事(shi)前、事(shi)中和事(shi)后制度給科學實施下(xia)去。要(yao)想達到(dao)要(yao)求,就需(xu)要(yao)對以前的(de)教訓進行總結(jie)和吸取,以便將內部(bu)控制更好的(de)實施下(xia)去,促使電力企(qi)業的(de)財務管理水平(ping)得到(dao)顯著(zhu)提升(sheng)。
三是對(dui)內部(bu)(bu)報(bao)告制(zhi)度進(jin)行(xing)健(jian)全(quan),結合具體情(qing)況,完善財務會計(ji)電子(zi)信(xin)息(xi)系統,增強數據輸入保存(cun)等網絡(luo)安全(quan)方面的意(yi)識。借助于會計(ji)專業的知識,對(dui)內部(bu)(bu)會計(ji)控制(zhi)系統進(jin)行(xing)構建,提(ti)升內部(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)的自動化程(cheng)度,促使(shi)人(ren)為失誤(wu)導致的不良后果得到有效減(jian)少,這樣內部(bu)(bu)會計(ji)信(xin)息(xi)管(guan)理的安全(quan)程(cheng)度也可以得到顯著提(ti)升。
四是對獎罰制(zhi)度進行科學(xue)的構建(jian),要對獎罰制(zhi)度進行科學(xue)合理地構建(jian),在考核(he)的時候,充分(fen)結合實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)情況來進行。因(yin)為考核(he)制(zhi)度緊密(mi)聯(lian)系(xi)著員工(gong)(gong)的薪(xin)資水平,為了將員工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的積極性和(he)(he)主動性給充分(fen)激發出來,就需要向部門和(he)(he)個(ge)人落(luo)實(shi)會計(ji)內(nei)部控(kong)制(zhi)制(zhi)度,促(cu)使會計(ji)內(nei)部控(kong)制(zhi)的水平得到(dao)提(ti)升。
總之,供(gong)電(dian)企(qi)業客觀存在著財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian),并且在電(dian)力企(qi)業發(fa)展(zhan)過程中,非(fei)常重要的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)環節就是財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理,它(ta)對于(yu)電(dian)力企(qi)業的(de)(de)穩定發(fa)展(zhan)以(yi)(yi)及經濟(ji)效(xiao)益提升(sheng)(sheng)都有(you)著直接的(de)(de)關(guan)系。因此,就需要充分(fen)重視財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理,采取相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)措施(shi)來防范財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian),最大限(xian)度(du)地降低財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian)。對于(yu)供(gong)電(dian)企(qi)業來講(jiang),需要將(jiang)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)管(guan)理手(shou)段給應(ying)(ying)用過來,控(kong)制(zhi)財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian),在降低財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)同時,還需要完善企(qi)業會(hui)計內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)制(zhi)度(du),這(zhe)樣方(fang)可以(yi)(yi)有(you)效(xiao)提升(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)力企(qi)業財務(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian)和財務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理水(shui)平。
篇6
關鍵詞(ci):商(shang)貿企業 內部控制(zhi) 風險
改(gai)革(ge)開放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)十年(nian)風雨歷程,我(wo)(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)得(de)到了(le)(le)快速發展(zhan),各種類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)貨商(shang)(shang)場(chang)、超級市場(chang)和零售商(shang)(shang)店等商(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)中國(guo)涌現出(chu)來,為(wei)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)增添(tian)了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命(ming)力。但是(shi)隨著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)加入WTO之后,在(zai)2004年(nian)7月1日起我(wo)(wo)國(guo)在(zai)外貿(mao)(mao)進出(chu)口經(jing)(jing)營權已經(jing)(jing)完全放(fang)開,使(shi)得(de)更(geng)(geng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際商(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)入住(zhu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)市場(chang),包(bao)括沃爾瑪(ma),家樂福,伊藤洋華堂等商(shang)(shang)場(chang)加超市連鎖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)。使(shi)得(de)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)市場(chang)競爭(zheng)處于一個非常激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態。尤(you)其是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)還處在(zai)商(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)一個發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan),為(wei)了(le)(le)增強商(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)市場(chang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)力,就需要加強商(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制,才能更(geng)(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促進企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部管理,更(geng)(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益。本文將(jiang)探討我(wo)(wo)國(guo)商(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)內部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要風險,以(yi)此(ci)來更(geng)(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采取管控(kong)(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施。
一、我國商(shang)貿企業內部控制存在的主(zhu)要風險表現
1、組織(zhi)機(ji)構控制不合(he)理(li)(li)(li)。大多數商貿企(qi)業(ye)組織(zhi)機(ji)構設(she)置時求大求全(quan),沒有(you)結合(he)實(shi)際來(lai)考(kao)慮企(qi)業(ye)是(shi)否真(zhen)正地需要(yao)。部門(men)(men)(men)(men)崗位(wei)在(zai)設(she)置時。沒有(you)充分考(kao)慮到部門(men)(men)(men)(men)所應承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職能(neng)(neng) 部門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職能(neng)(neng)是(shi)靠自(zi)己部門(men)(men)(men)(men)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模塊來(lai)實(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)(de),具體來(lai)講(jiang)是(shi)通過管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)崗位(wei)這(zhe)個(ge)載體來(lai)實(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)(de),但在(zai)設(she)置崗位(wei)時往(wang)往(wang)因人設(she)崗,或者因事設(she)崗,沒有(you)考(kao)慮到這(zhe)個(ge)部門(men)(men)(men)(men)真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)職能(neng)(neng)。如(ru)一(yi)家以銷售為主業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)司,只有(you)幾十個(ge)人也設(she)置了(le)十幾個(ge)平行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部門(men)(men)(men)(men),但以銷售為主業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)只有(you)兩個(ge)部門(men)(men)(men)(men),公(gong)司只有(you)幾個(ge)業(ye)務員(yuan),上面也放一(yi)個(ge)銷售總監(jian),有(you)近十個(ge)非主營(ying)(ying)業(ye)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)部門(men)(men)(men)(men),非主營(ying)(ying)業(ye)務部門(men)(men)(men)(men)所占管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人數已經可以達到80%之(zhi)多,這(zhe)種錯(cuo)位(wei)、越(yue)位(wei)、缺位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)內部組織(zhi)結構嚴重威脅到企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康(kang)發(fa)展。
2、內(nei)部控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上會(hui)(hui)計(ji)信息失(shi)真(zhen)。企(qi)業(ye)由于會(hui)(hui)計(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)秩序(xu)混(hun)亂、核算不實,往往造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)信息失(shi)真(zhen)現(xian)象較(jiao)為普遍而且嚴重。財(cai)政(zheng)部對159戶(hu)企(qi)業(ye)會(hui)(hui)計(ji)信息質量進(jin)行了抽(chou)查。結果顯(xian)示:不少(shao)被抽(chou)查企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)會(hui)(hui)計(ji)報(bao)表(biao)未(wei)能真(zhen)實反映企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務狀況和(he)經營成(cheng)果,會(hui)(hui)計(ji)信息不同程度地存(cun)在失(shi)真(zhen)情況,有的(de)(de)(de)問題還相當嚴重。表(biao)現(xian)出印單(票)分(fen)管制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度、重要空白(bai)憑證(zheng)保管使用制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度和(he)會(hui)(hui)計(ji)人(ren)員分(fen)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)“內(nei)部牽制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”原(yuan)則等方面得(de)不到(dao)真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)落(luo)實,原(yuan)因是企(qi)業(ye)及其領導無視國家法(fa)律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)嚴肅性,忽視財(cai)務制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度、財(cai)經紀(ji)律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,為了達到(dao)某(mou)種目的(de)(de)(de),故意歪曲財(cai)務報(bao)表(biao)信息,設置賬(zhang)(zhang)外賬(zhang)(zhang)、報(bao)虛(xu)數、弄虛(xu)作(zuo)假(jia),有的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入甚至不入賬(zhang)(zhang),私設小金(jin)庫,造成(cheng)虛(xu)盈實虧的(de)(de)(de)假(jia)象,最終(zhong)以到(dao)達偷(tou)逃(tao)稅款的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de),以達到(dao)蒙混(hun)過關的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。
3、資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)存(cun)在(zai)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)弊病。商貿企(qi)業(ye)(ye)貨幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)包括:現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銀(yin)行(xing)存(cun)款和其他貨幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。貨幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)是企(qi)業(ye)(ye)流動(dong)性最強的(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan),而企(qi)業(ye)(ye)全(quan)部經營(ying)(ying)活動(dong)大都是將各種(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源轉換為貨幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin),并用于支(zhi)付(fu)債務(wu),償還(huan)貸款。許多(duo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)月末(mo)存(cun)貨占用資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)往(wang)往(wang)超過(guo)其營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)額的(de)兩(liang)倍以上,存(cun)貨控制(zhi)薄弱,造成(cheng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)呆滯,周轉失靈; 有(you)(you)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)認為現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)越多(duo)越好,造成(cheng)現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)閑置,存(cun)在(zai)現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)不嚴(yan);有(you)(you)些企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)使用缺少計(ji)劃安排(pai),過(guo)量(liang)購置不動(dong)產(chan)(chan),無法應(ying)付(fu)經營(ying)(ying)急需的(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin),陷入財務(wu)困境,造成(cheng)造成(cheng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)閑置或不足兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)極(ji)端。有(you)(you)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)者(zhe),對原材(cai)料(liao)(liao)、半成(cheng)品、固定資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)等的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)不到位,如(ru)甲(jia)、乙(yi)兩(liang)個工(gong)號同一時(shi)間(jian)開工(gong),在(zai)月末(mo)核(he)算(suan)記錄,就會從數(shu)據中顯示乙(yi)工(gong)號的(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)消耗極(ji)少甚(shen)至為零,而甲(jia)工(gong)號的(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)消耗多(duo)出(chu)一大塊(kuai)這樣的(de)不合理(li)現(xian)象,而出(chu)了(le)問題(ti)卻無人追究,資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)浪費嚴(yan)重。
二、商貿企業內(nei)部控制的管(guan)控措施(shi)
1、構建(jian)合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織機(ji)構控(kong)制(zhi)。 組(zu)(zu)(zu)織結構是(shi)商貿企業(ye)能(neng)夠進行(xing)計劃、協調、執行(xing)、控(kong)制(zhi)與監督經營活動(dong)而(er)建(jian)立的(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)架構,以及職責(ze)(ze)(ze)分(fen)工的(de)(de)框架體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。構建(jian)合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織結構,尤其是(shi)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織結構的(de)(de)設(she)(she)置應(ying)使風險管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)目標和要求(qiu)需要滲(shen)透到全企業(ye)的(de)(de)各(ge)項經營管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)業(ye)務(wu)過(guo)程,尤其是(shi)各(ge)個操作環節中去(qu)。關鍵在(zai)于職責(ze)(ze)(ze)界定(ding)清晰、權責(ze)(ze)(ze)明(ming)(ming)確對(dui)等(deng)、結構層(ceng)(ceng)次分(fen)明(ming)(ming)、溝(gou)通(tong)渠道流暢、按(an)照內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)相(xiang)關原則,構建(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織結構,應(ying)改變(bian)過(guo)去(qu)的(de)(de)金字(zi)塔式、自(zi)(zi)上(shang)而(er)下(xia)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織形(xing)式,將其轉(zhuan)變(bian)為扁平化(hua)、網絡化(hua)、民主化(hua)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織形(xing)式,減少企業(ye)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)次,增(zeng)加(jia)結構的(de)(de)透明(ming)(ming)度,明(ming)(ming)確各(ge)自(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任。如采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)機(ji)構采(cai)(cai)取的(de)(de)“采(cai)(cai)”、“管(guan)(guan)(guan)”分(fen)離。“采(cai)(cai)”、“管(guan)(guan)(guan)”分(fen)離主要是(shi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)執行(xing)和采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)分(fen)離,也就是(shi)說(shuo)從職能(neng)上(shang)把采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)和執行(xing)分(fen)開,目的(de)(de)是(shi)為了防止采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)腐(fu)敗行(xing)為。但(dan)是(shi)并不等(deng)于把采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)中心從財政(zheng)部(bu)門分(fen)離出去(qu)就是(shi)“采(cai)(cai)”、“管(guan)(guan)(guan)”分(fen)離了,這只是(shi)形(xing)式上(shang)的(de)(de)。采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)業(ye)務(wu)部(bu)負責(ze)(ze)(ze)洽談商品的(de)(de)價格、折扣(kou)、批量、促(cu)銷活動(dong)、廣告贊助、售后(hou)服務(wu)等(deng),根(gen)據(ju)產品提供的(de)(de)優越(yue)度進行(xing)篩選。采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)訂單部(bu)根(gen)據(ju)計劃負責(ze)(ze)(ze)下(xia)訂單,同(tong)時要考慮庫存量、保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)、交貨期(qi)等(deng)商品轉(zhuan)移流程。
2、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)會(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)最基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)職業(ye)道(dao)德和行為準(zhun)則,杜絕做假賬(zhang)現(xian)(xian)象。商貿企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)企業(ye)控(kong)制環境建設主(zhu)要方面,而且也是(shi)使(shi)得企業(ye)內部(bu)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要部(bu)分,企業(ye)有(you)(you)一(yi)個良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)統(tong)才更能(neng)夠幫助企業(ye)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)內部(bu)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率和效(xiao)果(guo)。做到“收(shou)有(you)(you)憑付(fu)有(you)(you)據”是(shi)財務(wu)處理賬(zhang)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)原則,同時加(jia)強會(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)技術水平和內部(bu)控(kong)制知識教育,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)會(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)思想道(dao)德教育。但是(shi)要是(shi)使(shi)企業(ye)內部(bu)控(kong)制制度能(neng)夠得以落(luo)實,還必須依靠會(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)道(dao)德自律的(de)(de)(de)力量。不斷加(jia)強企業(ye)經營活動的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)性控(kong)制,使(shi)會(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)道(dao)德真正在工作中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)每一(yi)點(dian)都能(neng)體(ti)現(xian)(xian),才能(neng)確保企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)經營決策、計(ji)(ji)劃能(neng)達到預定的(de)(de)(de)目標。
3、資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)管理體系(xi)的(de)(de)健全。資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)營(ying)運的(de)(de)基礎是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)財務(wu)管理的(de)(de)重要內容。商貿企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)管理方面首先(xian)要提(ti)高(gao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)效率(lv),如做(zuo)好對(dui)(dui)庫存(cun)(cun)現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)控制工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),包括對(dui)(dui)核定庫存(cun)(cun)現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)限(xian)額、做(zuo)到(dao)日清(qing)日結、不得坐支現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)和嚴防白條抵(di)庫等(deng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。對(dui)(dui)存(cun)(cun)貨(huo)應該做(zuo)到(dao)對(dui)(dui)壓縮(suo)過(guo)時的(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)貨(huo)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi),避免(mian)大(da)量存(cun)(cun)貨(huo)積壓在庫、資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)呆(dai)滯,定期檢查盤點(dian)財產(chan),督促管理人(ren)員(yuan)和記錄人(ren)員(yuan)保持警(jing)戒而(er)不至于疏忽,應確保存(cun)(cun)貨(huo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)最佳結構。在物(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)采購、領用(yong)(yong)、銷售(shou)及樣品管理時,商貿企(qi)(qi)業(ye)應該建立規(gui)范的(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)程(cheng)序,堵住漏洞(dong),維護安全,真正達到(dao)使商貿企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)運用(yong)(yong)率(lv)提(ti)高(gao)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
參考文獻
[1]孫兆秀.當前高校財務管理工作中幾(ji)個突出問題的探(tan)析(xi)[J].南京醫科(ke)大(da)學(xue)學(xue)報.社 會科(ke)學(xue),2010(02)
篇7
一、引言
在企(qi)業實(shi)踐管(guan)(guan)理中,管(guan)(guan)理者往往更(geng)偏(pian)重于企(qi)業戰略、品牌(pai)、經營方面(mian)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理,而忽(hu)視對風險(xian)意識。例(li)(li)如(ru),企(qi)業財務造(zao)假,加之企(qi)業對風險(xian)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)不夠重視導致*ST博元被(bei)啟(qi)動強(qiang)制(zhi)退市程序就是一個(ge)典型(xing)的(de)(de)案例(li)(li)。由此看來,風險(xian)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)和企(qi)業價值(zhi)的(de)(de)關系一直都比較密切,風險(xian)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)核心(xin)功能不是“管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)”,而是企(qi)業價值(zhi)的(de)(de)“增值(zhi)”。
二、我國風(feng)險管控的現狀
目前(qian),雖然我國(guo)的風險管理理論(lun)體系已初步形成,但(dan)在(zai)實際應用的過程中,還(huan)存在(zai)很多缺陷、尚(shang)未成熟。
(一)企業的風險意識(shi)比較淡(dan)薄
企(qi)業(ye)在日常的(de)(de)經營活(huo)動中,企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)者更加側重于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)產經營活(huo)動,因而忽視對(dui)風(feng)(feng)險的(de)(de)重視,不(bu)能(neng)及時預測和識別風(feng)(feng)險的(de)(de)到來(lai)。由于(yu)(yu)缺乏對(dui)風(feng)(feng)險管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)意識,管理(li)(li)者很(hen)難在風(feng)(feng)險來(lai)臨時,能(neng)夠正確的(de)(de)對(dui)待(dai)風(feng)(feng)險、處理(li)(li)風(feng)(feng)險,極易使企(qi)業(ye)陷入困境。
(二)企業風險管理組織機構不成熟
目前,企(qi)業的(de)(de)風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)理體(ti)系形同虛設、不健全、缺(que)乏整體(ti)性(xing),基礎管(guan)(guan)(guan)理相(xiang)對薄弱。由于(yu)企(qi)業風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)控組織(zhi)機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)不成熟,造成風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)理機(ji)構(gou)在正常監管(guan)(guan)(guan)中不能充分(fen)發揮(hui)其監管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)職能。同時,風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)理組織(zhi)的(de)(de)不成熟導致企(qi)業中各個崗位人(ren)員對風(feng)險的(de)(de)理解不清晰,使風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)理缺(que)乏有效性(xing)和(he)約束(shu)性(xing)。
(三)忽視(shi)系(xi)統(tong)風險(xian)的評價
由于(yu)所有者(zhe)缺位,而(er)(er)管(guan)理(li)者(zhe)作為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)經營者(zhe)而(er)(er)非(fei)所有者(zhe),通常只顧追求短(duan)期(qi)利(li)益,而(er)(er)往往忽(hu)視(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)戰略(lve)化發展(zhan)。管(guan)理(li)者(zhe)做(zuo)決(jue)策時忽(hu)略(lve)衡量項目的(de)(de)整體系(xi)統風險,而(er)(er)做(zuo)出(chu)單一的(de)(de)決(jue)策,不僅有損企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)長期(qi)良好發展(zhan),而(er)(er)且由于(yu)對風險的(de)(de)認(ren)識不夠全面,導致企(qi)業(ye)(ye)陷入困境。
三(san)、加強風險管控對提升企業價值(zhi)的影響
企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)控幫助管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)層通過協調(diao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險和(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)遇,使(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可以自如應(ying)對復雜的(de)生(sheng)存和(he)(he)競爭環(huan)境(jing),并將風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)視(shi)為一種競爭優勢(shi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)將風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)應(ying)用范圍拓展(zhan)到(dao)提(ti)升企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)等方面,促進管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)層尋求(qiu)更(geng)佳的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)機(ji)(ji)會,幫助企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)抓住有利于(yu)提(ti)升企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)機(ji)(ji)遇,使(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)逐漸(jian)提(ti)升到(dao)戰略性的(de)水平。
(一)風(feng)險管理可以優化(hua)企業(ye)內部控制(zhi)增強企業(ye)競爭力
企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)策略目標的(de)(de)(de)基礎之上,建立(li)的(de)(de)(de)針對于(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)戰略、市場運(yun)營、財務信息(xi)、內部(bu)審(shen)計等各項(xiang)業(ye)務流程(cheng)內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制體系。從(cong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)戰略管(guan)理(li)(li)層(ceng)面而(er)言(yan),風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)不可(ke)替代,而(er)內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制則(ze)配(pei)合著風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)。總而(er)言(yan)之,基于(yu)完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)框架下,風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)可(ke)以逐步優(you)化企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)管(guan)理(li)(li)水平并達到增強(qiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)目標。
(二(er))風險管控以(yi)改善企業(ye)投資實(shi)現最優決(jue)策
企業風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管控的(de)質量直接影響著企業對風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)識(shi)別、防范和規避的(de)意識(shi)。企業通過(guo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管理可以(yi)(yi)識(shi)別風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)、評估風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)并制定相(xiang)應(ying)解(jie)決的(de)對策(ce),這樣既可以(yi)(yi)減少成(cheng)本和損失,還可以(yi)(yi)避免重(zhong)大(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)事件導致企業走(zou)向破產。管理層在做出戰(zhan)略(lve)決策(ce)時(shi)(shi),如(ru)果企業缺乏有效的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管控系統(tong),風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)意識(shi)淡(dan)薄,沒有考慮風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)因素為企業帶來(lai)的(de)損失,在進(jin)行投資(zi)和融資(zi)活動(dong)時(shi)(shi),沒有執行科學(xue)合理的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)評估程(cheng)序(xu),那么將無法做到從全局和戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)高度看(kan)待風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian),導致決策(ce)失誤(wu)。
(三)風險管控(kong)可以增強企業資金鏈的管理
從(cong)以(yi)往資(zi)金鏈斷(duan)裂導(dao)致企(qi)業破產的(de)(de)案例(li)來看,大多數原因是(shi)由于對(dui)風(feng)險(xian)管理不夠(gou)重(zhong)視。企(qi)業對(dui)待風(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)不謹慎態度,使企(qi)業在(zai)面臨風(feng)險(xian)時,錯過風(feng)險(xian)處(chu)置的(de)(de)最(zui)佳時機,對(dui)風(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)處(chu)理不當將會(hui)導(dao)致資(zi)金鏈斷(duan)裂的(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)后果。風(feng)險(xian)管理機制的(de)(de)建立不僅(jin)可以(yi)幫助企(qi)業研究分(fen)析和應對(dui)各(ge)種風(feng)險(xian),并(bing)努力采取有效的(de)(de)措施(shi)來規避、防范和轉(zhuan)嫁風(feng)險(xian)因素。而且能(neng)夠(gou)幫助企(qi)業在(zai)進行融資(zi)或者(zhe)投資(zi)時,充分(fen)協調資(zi)金的(de)(de)供(gong)需比例(li),為企(qi)業的(de)(de)正常經營(ying)運轉(zhuan)提供(gong)源源不斷(duan)的(de)(de)資(zi)金流。
四、加強風險管(guan)控提升企業價(jia)值的措(cuo)施
(一(yi))提高管理層和員工(gong)的風險意識
企業(ye)的管(guan)(guan)理層和(he)員工應該時(shi)刻(ke)對(dui)風險保持(chi)高度重視,意識(shi)到風險存(cun)在于管(guan)(guan)理工作的每(mei)個環節(jie)中并將風險管(guan)(guan)理貫徹到企業(ye)戰略管(guan)(guan)理中,以及企業(ye)的經(jing)營生產全過程。首先,管(guan)(guan)理層應不(bu)定(ding)期的進行風險管(guan)(guan)理培訓,對(dui)國家的宏觀(guan)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)變(bian)化時(shi)刻(ke)關注,在面對(dui)國家政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)改革、投資政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)和(he)財政(zheng)(zheng)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)等一系(xi)列政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)變(bian)化時(shi)能夠及早預(yu)測,及時(shi)應對(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的變(bian)化做(zuo)出戰略調整的措(cuo)施。
(二)組織專業(ye)人員建立(li)風險預警評價體系
企業(ye)(ye)應組織專業(ye)(ye)人員結合(he)企業(ye)(ye)自身的(de)實際情(qing)(qing)況(kuang),對(dui)企業(ye)(ye)面臨的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)進行深入的(de)分析(xi),從(cong)而制(zhi)定出符合(he)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)最佳(jia)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)預警(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)系(xi)。建立(li)科學的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理預警(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)系(xi),能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠在企業(ye)(ye)的(de)日(ri)常(chang)經營(ying)活動(dong)中收集相關政策信息和競(jing)爭情(qing)(qing)況(kuang),幫助(zhu)(zhu)企業(ye)(ye)在遇到可能(neng)(neng)(neng)危(wei)害(hai)企業(ye)(ye)利益的(de)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因素時,事先發(fa)出預警(jing)(jing)(jing)提醒(xing)管(guan)理者(zhe)意識(shi)到風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)存在,使管(guan)理者(zhe)即(ji)使采取措(cuo)施應對(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),規避風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。此外,風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)預警(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)系(xi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠幫助(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)理者(zhe)做決策時,篩(shai)選(xuan)方(fang)案,幫助(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)理者(zhe)規避風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)較大的(de)方(fang)案,選(xuan)擇最優方(fang)案。
(三(san))加強控制環境的建設
篇8
關鍵詞:內部控制;風險管理;思(si)考
一、企(qi)業內部控制與風險管理關系闡述
(一)企業內部控制管理本質
企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)大體上(shang)是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據(ju)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)目前(qian)的專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)及策略,同時(shi)(shi)主要是(shi)(shi)以(yi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)預防、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監督、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)估等(deng)(deng)這幾個方面為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的工(gong)作(zuo),再借由多維度(du)多層次的管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)方式(shi)進(jin)(jin)行生(sheng)產以(yi)及經(jing)營中各種(zhong)類型(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)的規范化(hua)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)。從(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)視(shi)角(jiao)出發(fa)(fa),企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在定義上(shang)來(lai)(lai)說有點像是(shi)(shi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的下屬子系統;但是(shi)(shi)從(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)范圍來(lai)(lai)看,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)全(quan)面風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的重要環節,其完全(quan)可以(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在進(jin)(jin)行風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)時(shi)(shi)最重要的構(gou)成部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的過(guo)程中是(shi)(shi)從(cong)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)環境為(wei)(wei)(wei)視(shi)角(jiao)出發(fa)(fa)的,內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的機(ji)(ji)構(gou)設置有諸(zhu)如企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)審計、企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人力資(zi)源政(zheng)策以(yi)及內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獎(jiang)懲制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng);而對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)行管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)時(shi)(shi),就更需要企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)方式(shi)進(jin)(jin)行更為(wei)(wei)(wei)科學與合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)化(hua)的目標確定,嚴格根(gen)據(ju)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)估體系,爭取做到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的最優化(hua)結(jie)果。
(二)企業(ye)風(feng)險(xian)管理的(de)含義
任何(he)目標(biao)在達到的(de)(de)過程中必(bi)(bi)然面(mian)臨(lin)各(ge)種各(ge)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)不必(bi)(bi)說(shuo)的(de)(de)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)指企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)各(ge)級管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)層在完成(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰略目標(biao)的(de)(de)過程中,對(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所面(mian)臨(lin)的(de)(de)各(ge)種潛在風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)以(yi)及(ji)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)當下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式存在的(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)有效管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。只要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)背離或是(shi)(shi)阻礙企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)共(gong)同目標(biao)的(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),在企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實施風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)都(dou)應(ying)(ying)該給予治理(li)(li)與(yu)規避(bi),這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)才能保證企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)戰略目標(biao)得(de)以(yi)實現(xian)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)最主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)作范(fan)圍,而(er)這(zhe)其中信息化程度也(ye)是(shi)(shi)影響著(zhu)整個風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估與(yu)判(pan)別(bie)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)影響環節(jie),這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)現(xian)代企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)注(zhu)重信息化的(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin);企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)檢測(ce)時(shi)(shi),在風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估以(yi)及(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)方面(mian)還是(shi)(shi)需要(yao)(yao)根據企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)實際需求(qiu),布置相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部檢測(ce),同時(shi)(shi)也(ye)要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)日常內(nei)(nei)(nei)部監控(kong),一旦在某個企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)出現(xian)問(wen)題,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就可以(yi)針對(dui)(dui)該環節(jie)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)析,分(fen)析出是(shi)(shi)政(zheng)策、機制(zhi)(zhi)還是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關實施措施的(de)(de)問(wen)題并進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調整,這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)可以(yi)使得(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)時(shi)(shi)不僅避(bi)免了風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)還不斷的(de)(de)健全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度。
二、我(wo)國企業內部控制(zhi)存在的風險缺陷(xian)
(一)我國企業風險控制(zhi)體系不成熟
(1)我國企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)對風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)全面評估不夠重視(shi)。企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營(ying)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誕生以及企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)偏好(hao)這(zhe)些(xie)很大程度(du)上取決于(yu)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)否具有完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。健全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)界定以及成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評估體(ti)(ti)系(xi)是(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制體(ti)(ti)系(xi)有效(xiao)發(fa)揮作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要前提,但是(shi)(shi)我國企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理者(zhe)并(bing)沒(mei)有重視(shi)對風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理機(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究,這(zhe)就自然形成了不成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。(2)我國企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)未設(she)(she)置單(dan)獨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)部(bu)門(men)(men)。當下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代是(shi)(shi)信息時(shi)代,企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所(suo)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種類大大增加(jia),企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產經營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)波及程度(du)也(ye)逐漸(jian)加(jia)深(shen),從中可以看出設(she)(she)置專門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)部(bu)門(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)十分有必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);由于(yu)我國企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)這(zhe)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi)薄弱,并(bing)沒(mei)有設(she)(she)置單(dan)獨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)部(bu)門(men)(men),甚(shen)至(zhi)有些(xie)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)連最基(ji)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)識(shi)別與風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)預(yu)警系(xi)統(tong)都沒(mei)有。
(二(er))企業風險管(guan)控意識不夠(gou)強烈(lie)
目前(qian)隨(sui)著經濟(ji)(ji)全球化的(de)進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)同世界各國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)經濟(ji)(ji)聯(lian)系更為緊(jin)密,越來越多(duo)(duo)的(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)進(jin)軍到(dao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)這(zhe)個大(da)舞臺之上,在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)市場中進(jin)行更為激烈(lie)的(de)市場競(jing)爭(zheng),同時也有諸多(duo)(duo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)涌(yong)向國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內。在(zai)(zai)上述背景下(xia)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)面(mian)臨的(de)壓力逐漸增大(da),尤其是(shi)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內許多(duo)(duo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)仍是(shi)缺乏(fa)風險意(yi)識,許多(duo)(duo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理者(zhe)所重(zhong)視的(de)風險也僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)財務風險單方(fang)面(mian),由此可見(jian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)風險管(guan)控(kong)意(yi)識薄弱的(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度;我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)普(pu)遍在(zai)(zai)乎的(de)是(shi)公司盈利,在(zai)(zai)風險管(guan)控(kong)方(fang)面(mian)實在(zai)(zai)是(shi)無(wu)法關心,這(zhe)樣就極易造成我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)經濟(ji)(ji)全球化的(de)沖擊下(xia)無(wu)法面(mian)臨巨大(da)的(de)挑(tiao)戰與機遇,相反,國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)因為經濟(ji)(ji)的(de)發達,許多(duo)(duo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)早已重(zhong)視這(zhe)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)問題。
(三(san))企業公司管理結構不(bu)夠(gou)完善(shan)
企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)管控(kong)要想有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)就(jiu)必須(xu)保證企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)擁有(you)(you)著(zhu)完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)結(jie)構,這是給企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)管控(kong)造(zao)就(jiu)最基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)環境。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要實施(shi)者當(dang)然是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經營管理(li)層,但是如果企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)設置以及制(zhi)衡體(ti)系之中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在著(zhu)結(jie)構性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,則企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)就(jiu)無(wu)法有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi),企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)治(zhi)理(li)結(jie)構中(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)為企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險與內(nei)部(bu)(bu)管控(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心――董事會,該核心是要對企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險管理(li)與內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)擔負主要責(ze)任的(de)(de)(de)(de),而在我國中(zhong)(zhong)董事會存(cun)在著(zhu)職權交錯的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,在實質上(shang)是對公司治(zhi)理(li)結(jie)構不(bu)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de),容易造(zao)成職權混亂的(de)(de)(de)(de)局面,自然企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)無(wu)法有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)機制(zhi)以及風(feng)險管控(kong)。
三、企(qi)業基(ji)于內部(bu)控制下的風(feng)險管控策略
(一)逐步強化企業風(feng)險管控體系以及內部監督機制(zhi)的建立
(1)對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)類別進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)明(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)區分,這是為(wei)了企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)能采(cai)取相對應的(de)(de)(de)科學的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施來(lai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在分類風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)時(shi)可以(yi)從業(ye)務(wu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)方面與企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)整(zheng)個(ge)方面兩個(ge)維度進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)分析。通常(chang)來(lai)看(kan),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)主要是由內(nei)(nei)部(bu)與外部(bu)構成的(de)(de)(de),內(nei)(nei)部(bu)因(yin)素有組織、經(jing)營、財務(wu)、戰略等等風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian);而外部(bu)就(jiu)是宏觀與不可抗力因(yin)素,諸如法律政(zheng)策、自然(ran)天災(zai)、市場技術等等風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。而從業(ye)務(wu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)層面來(lai)看(kan)主要取決于企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)所(suo)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)環境來(lai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)分析,企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)所(suo)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)環境不同其所(suo)面臨的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)也不盡(jin)相同。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)應根據自身特點明(ming)確(que)自身的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)種(zhong)類。(2)建(jian)立完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)監督(du)機制(zhi)(zhi)。完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)監督(du)機制(zhi)(zhi)自然(ran)包裹各(ge)個(ge)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)指(zhi)標的(de)(de)(de)檢測等等,尤其是要建(jian)立風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)導(dao)向的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)計機制(zhi)(zhi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)計機制(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)處(chu)于相對客觀且(qie)獨立的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)查機構,能更加從公正的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度來(lai)對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)與風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)作(zuo)出(chu)評估與監督(du)活(huo)動(dong)(dong);充分引進(jin)(jin)(jin)相關的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)計人才,這樣他們才能利(li)用(yong)自身的(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)優(you)勢提(ti)升(sheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理以(yi)及內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)水平。
(二(er))增強企業內部(bu)風險(xian)與內部(bu)管(guan)控的(de)理念
優秀(xiu)的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)管(guan)理理念(nian)才能對(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)戰(zhan)略(lve)目標的(de)實(shi)(shi)現有(you)所幫助。良好的(de)風險(xian)管(guan)理理念(nian)是(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)有(you)效實(shi)(shi)施內(nei)部(bu)控制管(guan)控的(de)基(ji)本(ben)環境條件,同(tong)時也是(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)增強風險(xian)管(guan)理意(yi)識的(de)基(ji)礎條件。增強該(gai)(gai)理念(nian)的(de)方式是(shi)通過企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)日常經營(ying)活動(dong)中不斷將(jiang)該(gai)(gai)理念(nian)融入到業(ye)務活動(dong)層面,這樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)既(ji)能對(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)戰(zhan)略(lve)目標的(de)實(shi)(shi)現產生積極影響(xiang),同(tong)時也將(jiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)整體價值(zhi)觀更(geng)進一步的(de)升(sheng)華;同(tong)時企(qi)(qi)業(ye)管(guan)理者(zhe)必須加強對(dui)(dui)該(gai)(gai)方面的(de)學(xue)習(xi),企(qi)(qi)業(ye)也可以加強之間風險(xian)管(guan)理的(de)理念(nian),這樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)才能碰撞(zhuang)出更(geng)精彩的(de)理念(nian);企(qi)(qi)業(ye)定(ding)期請相關的(de)學(xue)者(zhe)教授主(zhu)持講座,召集職(zhi)工進行風險(xian)與內(nei)部(bu)管(guan)控的(de)理念(nian)學(xue)習(xi),這樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能提升(sheng)整個企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)風險(xian)與內(nei)部(bu)管(guan)控的(de)氛圍。這樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)管(guan)理者(zhe)在進行風險(xian)與內(nei)部(bu)管(guan)控時能將(jiang)對(dui)(dui)策更(geng)有(you)效的(de)實(shi)(shi)施。
(三(san))加強健全企業治理結(jie)構
科學的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)治(zhi)理(li)(li)結(jie)構應當涵蓋內部(bu)監(jian)督(du)與(yu)反饋系統、謹(jin)慎的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務執行(xing)流程(cheng)(cheng)等等,只有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)(li)結(jie)構不會產生混落,才(cai)能為管(guan)理(li)(li)措(cuo)施提供穩定的(de)(de)(de)環境。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)充(chong)分重視獨立董(dong)事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)功能,要(yao)發揮出獨立董(dong)事(shi)在(zai)內部(bu)控制(zhi)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)核心監(jian)督(du)位置;企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)增加獨立董(dong)事(shi)在(zai)董(dong)事(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)所占比(bi)例,要(yao)將(jiang)獨立董(dong)事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)收入與(yu)承擔的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)行(xing)掛鉤(gou),這樣才(cai)能讓獨立董(dong)事(shi)明白自身應該(gai)作出應該(gai)做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)貢獻。另外,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)經營中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)特別事(shi)項(xiang)應該(gai)設立專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)委(wei)員會,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)發展過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)碰(peng)到的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題不能總是常規問(wen)題,總有部(bu)門非常規問(wen)題,這就需(xu)要(yao)這個特別的(de)(de)(de)委(wei)員會對該(gai)類事(shi)件進(jin)行(xing)有效快速針對性的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li),風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)委(wei)員會的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)就是預防與(yu)處理(li)(li)各(ge)種風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)出現。
四、結束語
本文先(xian)分析企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部控制以及風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)本質,著重(zhong)針對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)在企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部控制下(xia)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)過程中所遇到(dao)的(de)問題提出了相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)策略。從(cong)中可以看出企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部控制與(yu)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)之間存在緊密的(de)聯系(xi),這(zhe)兩者(zhe)相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成(cheng),缺(que)一不可,希(xi)望我國企(qi)業(ye)能(neng)重(zhong)視這(zhe)兩者(zhe)之間的(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi),希(xi)望本文能(neng)對(dui)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)人(ren)士有所啟迪。
參考文獻:
[1]王洪(hong)麗(li).企業內部控制與風險管理關(guan)聯分析[J].財會通訊(xun),2014(17).
[2]陳(chen)冬(dong)梅.基于風險管理(li)的企業內部控制研(yan)究-以貴州茅臺(tai)酒(jiu)公司為例(li)[D].河北:河北科技師范(fan)學院,2015.
[3]李(li)莉.論(lun)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內部控制(zhi)的風險管理機制(zhi)[J].企(qi)(qi)業(ye)經(jing)濟,2012(03).
篇9
國(guo)際金融危機后(hou),世界經濟進(jin)入調整(zheng)期,增長速度明(ming)顯(xian)放(fang)緩(huan)。我(wo)國(guo)市場(chang)下(xia)滑(hua)的(de)(de)同時使得各類企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展步履維(wei)艱,而企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)也面(mian)臨(lin)著錯綜復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)與難以應對的(de)(de)挑戰。在這樣的(de)(de)環境與背景下(xia),企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)必須將經營重(zhong)點置于風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工作上,在關(guan)注外部風(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)同時,更需(xu)要(yao)對內部的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)進(jin)行嚴格而科學(xue)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)控,如(ru)此才能(neng)在激烈的(de)(de)市場(chang)競爭中(zhong)獲取一席之(zhi)地,并(bing)實現(xian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)可持續發(fa)展。基于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)對于抵(di)抗風(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性,以流程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)為視(shi)角,對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)模式(shi)的(de)(de)構建(jian)進(jin)行分析與討論,在當(dang)前(qian)的(de)(de)經濟形勢下(xia),對于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)生存(cun)與發(fa)展具(ju)有較強的(de)(de)現(xian)實意義(yi)。
關鍵詞:
流(liu)程管理;企業;風險管理模(mo)式(shi);構建
企(qi)業(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)以(yi)吸納(na)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)重組、流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)再(zai)造思想與(yu)工具為支撐要(yao)素(su),采用綜合性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)方法強化組織(zhi)戰略(lve),旨在強化業(ye)(ye)務(wu)操作的(de)(de)(de)精細性(xing)與(yu)規范(fan)化的(de)(de)(de)一種管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方式(shi)。對其(qi)進(jin)行合理(li)(li)(li)(li)運(yun)用可以(yi)降低企(qi)業(ye)(ye)運(yun)營成(cheng)本,提高企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內外部響應速度,最(zui)終鞏固企(qi)業(ye)(ye)抵(di)抗風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)能力。以(yi)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)為入手(shou)(shou)點,將風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)效融入流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)環節中,實現(xian)與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)有(you)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)框架的(de)(de)(de)耦(ou)合,是(shi)構建(jian)基于流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方式(shi)下企(qi)業(ye)(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)途徑,同時也是(shi)充分發(fa)揮風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工作有(you)效性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)手(shou)(shou)段。
一、流程管理概(gai)念綜(zong)述
流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)綜(zong)合性(xing)(xing)與(yu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)較強的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)方法。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)看作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)路線圖,主(zhu)要涵蓋以(yi)(yi)完成某(mou)項工作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)目標(biao)(biao),相關(guan)數據、信息、資(zi)料在(zai)(zai)不同(tong)單位、部(bu)門、人員之間(jian)傳遞的(de)(de)網絡(luo)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)中心是(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)構(gou)造,以(yi)(yi)該流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)構(gou)造為(wei)核心,將各(ge)項工作(zuo)(zuo)任務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)配到各(ge)部(bu)門或各(ge)崗位,以(yi)(yi)績效體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)為(wei)載體(ti)(ti),對(dui)考核工作(zuo)(zuo)實(shi)施與(yu)落(luo)實(shi),將目標(biao)(biao)與(yu)激勵成功(gong)傳導至企(qi)業(ye)(ye)各(ge)層次,使每位員工均明確自身崗位職責,從而(er)(er)(er)推動(dong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)良性(xing)(xing)運轉。與(yu)此同(tong)時,將系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)清(qing)楚而(er)(er)(er)詳(xiang)細(xi)(xi)地將若干作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)項目和(he)它們(men)的(de)(de)關(guan)聯(lian)人員及其相互工作(zuo)(zuo)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)描述(shu),進(jin)而(er)(er)(er)實(shi)現(xian)目標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)精細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)控。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)包括流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)梳(shu)(shu)理(li)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)固化(hua)(hua)三(san)個階段。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)梳(shu)(shu)理(li)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)完整業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)內容與(yu)活動(dong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)摸底展現(xian),在(zai)(zai)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)規(gui)(gui)劃與(yu)調整的(de)(de)同(tong)時,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部(bu)實(shi)現(xian)全面流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)思想普及和(he)手(shou)段落(luo)實(shi)提供不竭動(dong)力;流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)梳(shu)(shu)理(li)的(de)(de)基礎之上,具有(you)選(xuan)擇性(xing)(xing)地運用流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)理(li)念及信息技(ji)術工具對(dui)重點業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)領域及關(guan)鍵流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)深層次的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)與(yu)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua);流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)固化(hua)(hua)則(ze)聚焦于(yu)將經(jing)過分(fen)(fen)析(xi)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)新業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),借助制度(du)、標(biao)(biao)準、信息系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)形式提高(gao)管(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)范性(xing)(xing)與(yu)顯(xian)性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)。
二、構(gou)建基于(yu)流程管(guan)理的(de)企業風險管(guan)理模式(shi)的(de)可行性(xing)與現(xian)實意(yi)義
企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部的一系列業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務流程(cheng)集成(cheng)了(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的運(yun)營與(yu)發展,而所有單體(ti)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務流程(cheng)中(zhong)的活動或“子流程(cheng)”是這(zhe)些業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務的支撐要素。基于此,要想推動企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)穩(wen)定而高效的運(yun)營,需要以流程(cheng)為著(zhu)手(shou)點,提高其運(yun)作效率。現(xian)階段,市場競(jing)爭愈發激烈,經(jing)過不(bu)(bu)斷地迭(die)代(dai)演變(bian),風(feng)險管(guan)理已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)為大型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部管(guan)理不(bu)(bu)可或缺的組(zu)成(cheng)部分,特別是在實(shi)際業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務流程(cheng)中(zhong)融入(ru)風(feng)險管(guan)理思想與(yu)手(shou)段之后(hou),業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務流程(cheng)經(jing)歷了(le)綜合性(xing)與(yu)系統性(xing)的設計與(yu)改造(zao),突破了(le)以往(wang)各種“信息孤島”的狀態,從而初步構建了(le)以流程(cheng)管(guan)理為基礎的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險管(guan)理模式。
1.企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風險管(guan)理(li)(li)與(yu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)目標一(yi)(yi)致企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)想充分發(fa)揮(hui)風險管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)功能作用,使之成(cheng)為企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟(ji)效益(yi)提升(sheng)的(de)支撐(cheng),首要(yao)任(ren)務(wu)是強(qiang)化企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風險點(dian)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)管(guan)理(li)(li),并(bing)提高(gao)(gao)其有效性。而流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)在關注業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)風險點(dian)的(de)同時,還需要(yao)對流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)本(ben)、效益(yi)、質(zhi)量等(deng)因(yin)素進(jin)行(xing)綜合性考慮。以(yi)此(ci)看來,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風險管(guan)理(li)(li)與(yu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)在管(guan)理(li)(li)方法與(yu)關注點(dian)方面存在一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)差(cha)異(yi),然而兩者具有高(gao)(gao)度的(de)目標一(yi)(yi)致性,且均(jun)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)戰略目標,服務(wu)于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)可持續發(fa)展。
2.流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是企業(ye)(ye)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)實(shi)現顯(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)化的導向(xiang)企業(ye)(ye)要想提高風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工作的可操(cao)作性(xing)(xing)與科學性(xing)(xing),就必須將(jiang)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)有效(xiao)地融(rong)合起來,構建(jian)以(yi)(yi)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)為(wei)基(ji)礎支撐的風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式(shi),將(jiang)錯綜(zong)復雜的風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)活動進行(xing)轉變,使(shi)其(qi)以(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)輸(shu)入、輸(shu)出為(wei)導向(xiang),提高其(qi)動態化與層(ceng)次(ci)性(xing)(xing),同(tong)時以(yi)(yi)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)中無(wu)數(shu)個“工作流(liu)(liu)(liu)”為(wei)支撐要素,將(jiang)關鍵控制點(dian)推送到業(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)中,將(jiang)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與業(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)有效(xiao)融(rong)合,進而(er)提高風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的顯(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)化。
3.業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)開展風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)基礎支(zhi)撐作為(wei)一(yi)(yi)種循環(huan)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng),企(qi)(qi)業(ye)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)主(zhu)要包括業(ye)務(wu)(wu)分析、業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)梳理(li)(li)、風(feng)(feng)險(xian)識別、風(feng)(feng)險(xian)評估、提出風(feng)(feng)險(xian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)策(ce)略、實(shi)施風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)效果反饋與改進等環(huan)節(jie),因此(ci)其(qi)屬于一(yi)(yi)種業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)支(zhi)撐要素(su),以(yi)信息系統為(wei)平臺(tai),切實(shi)實(shi)施風(feng)(feng)險(xian)預警(jing)、監(jian)控(kong)(kong)與管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)改進的(de)閉環(huan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式。其(qi)工(gong)作的(de)開展與進行主(zhu)要以(yi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)各(ge)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)依托,通過對風(feng)(feng)險(xian)點進行辨識,構建風(feng)(feng)險(xian)識別、分析、管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)、改進等多環(huan)節(jie)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)框(kuang)架(jia),進而以(yi)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)基礎的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)機制(zhi),實(shi)現企(qi)(qi)業(ye)各(ge)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)重要運營活(huo)動(dong)與運營單(dan)元的(de)安全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)。由此(ci)可見,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)具有極(ji)為(wei)緊密(mi)的(de)聯系,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)開展風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)需要以(yi)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)基礎支(zhi)撐。
三、流(liu)程管理(li)視角下企業風險(xian)管理(li)模式構建的(de)相關措施
要想構(gou)建(jian)并(bing)實(shi)施以(yi)(yi)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)為基礎要素的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi),并(bing)提(ti)高其科學性(xing)與(yu)(yu)顯性(xing)化,就必(bi)須將企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)框架設計作為風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)頭緒(xu),采取由上而下或自(zi)下而上的(de)(de)互動(dong)(dong)方式(shi)(shi)梳理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)目標領域的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng),推動(dong)(dong)并(bing)實(shi)現每一(yi)層(ceng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)目標,進(jin)而促進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)總戰(zhan)略目標的(de)(de)實(shi)現。最終(zhong)將風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)(li)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)框架與(yu)(yu)具(ju)體業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)(li)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)有機結合起(qi)來,并(bing)在(zai)該(gai)體系中對風(feng)險(xian)(xian)點與(yu)(yu)關鍵流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)環(huan)節(jie)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)詳細描述,如此可以(yi)(yi)將流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)融入到企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)(li)工作中,提(ti)高風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)可行(xing)(xing)性(xing)與(yu)(yu)顯性(xing)化。
1.確立基(ji)(ji)于流程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“三(san)道(dao)(dao)防線”為(wei)(wei)了構建(jian)基(ji)(ji)于流程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模式框架,首要(yao)任(ren)務是(shi)(shi)確立企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“三(san)道(dao)(dao)防線”,為(wei)(wei)實現(xian)基(ji)(ji)于流程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)顯性化(hua)創造(zao)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎條件。以(yi)大(da)型施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)例,第一道(dao)(dao)防線是(shi)(shi)經營部(bu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)采購(gou)部(bu),主要(yao)涉(she)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)包括招(zhao)投(tou)(tou)標、預(yu)決(jue)算(suan)、材(cai)料(liao)采購(gou)、設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)采購(gou)等(deng),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)注意招(zhao)投(tou)(tou)標工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)前期(qi)評(ping)估和(he)預(yu)測(ce),并強化(hua)對(dui)招(zhao)投(tou)(tou)標報價風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制,對(dui)合(he)同(tong)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)科學化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)需(xu)要(yao)構建(jian)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)分析系統(tong);而(er)關于預(yu)決(jue)算(suan)過程(cheng),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)影(ying)響(xiang)因素進行(xing)(xing)(xing)充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)慮,對(dui)其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)因素進行(xing)(xing)(xing)分析,提前做好應對(dui)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);在材(cai)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)采購(gou)方面(mian),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)通過證件檢查(cha)(cha)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)取樣試驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式,保證其使用性能與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質量(liang),避免材(cai)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)質量(liang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)造(zao)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)現(xian)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質量(liang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。第二(er)道(dao)(dao)防線是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)(an)監(jian)部(bu)。主要(yao)包括分包管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、質量(liang)控(kong)制、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)協控(kong)、設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)監(jian)、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)文(wen)明等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)認清合(he)法分包的(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)限,及時(shi)(shi)、規(gui)范、嚴(yan)謹地簽(qian)訂合(he)同(tong),并對(dui)各環(huan)節委托授權進行(xing)(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格審查(cha)(cha);在質量(liang)控(kong)制過程(cheng)中(zhong),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)針對(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)源與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)故多發工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序進行(xing)(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格控(kong)制,規(gui)范施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)操作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei),及時(shi)(shi)處理(li)(li)(li)質量(liang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患;而(er)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)定期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)督與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)檢查(cha)(cha)極為(wei)(wei)必(bi)要(yao),可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效防止機械(xie)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)故障造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質量(liang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti);與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此同(tong)時(shi)(shi),強化(hua)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)體員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意識,可(ke)以(yi)從根本(ben)上降低施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)率。第三(san)道(dao)(dao)防線是(shi)(shi)財務部(bu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辦公室。針對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)、竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結算(suan)等(deng)階段,對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)直(zhi)接(jie)成(cheng)本(ben)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)間接(jie)成(cheng)本(ben)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)算(suan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)把(ba)控(kong),并竭力在合(he)同(tong)審查(cha)(cha)中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)爭(zheng)取更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟利(li)益;辦公室需(xu)要(yao)加強行(xing)(xing)(xing)政、人事(shi)、信(xin)息等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),規(gui)范行(xing)(xing)(xing)政制度,強化(hua)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)崗(gang)位責(ze)任(ren)心,防止信(xin)息泄(xie)露,充分發揮(hui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助作(zuo)用。
2.流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)視角下(xia)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)設計(ji)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要以全部業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)情況(kuang)為(wei)(wei)邏輯(ji)架構(gou),并將(jiang)其視為(wei)(wei)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨架與(yu)(yu)(yu)脈絡(luo),在(zai)基(ji)于(yu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)設計(ji)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),首要任務是打破傳統職(zhi)能部門與(yu)(yu)(yu)組(zu)織機構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)織方式,對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂層(ceng)結構(gou)明確定義,并以分(fen)(fen)層(ceng)方式對(dui)指(zhi)導框架進行(xing)(xing)(xing)細化,對(dui)一層(ceng)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)完善以后(hou),才(cai)允(yun)許進行(xing)(xing)(xing)下(xia)一層(ceng)指(zhi)導框架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)構(gou)建(jian)。在(zai)基(ji)于(yu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong),各單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)規劃、業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)職(zhi)責、業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖及目錄梳(shu)理(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)等是構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)要素與(yu)(yu)(yu)支(zhi)撐(cheng),對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)各部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務職(zhi)責和業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務特點進行(xing)(xing)(xing)了集中(zhong)(zhong)反映;在(zai)該體(ti)(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong),企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要以企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)規劃與(yu)(yu)(yu)規章(zhang)制度作為(wei)(wei)牽引(yin)動力,為(wei)(wei)該體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)效(xiao)運(yun)轉注入(ru)源源不竭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)動力量;與(yu)(yu)(yu)此同時,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要想構(gou)建(jian)基(ji)于(yu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式,還需(xu)要對(dui)國(guo)際上流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)框架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)案例進行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)參考與(yu)(yu)(yu)借鑒,例如ERP模型(xing)、APQC模型(xing)等,借助這(zhe)些案例,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以對(dui)價值(zhi)鏈為(wei)(wei)線索的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)織方式理(li)(li)解得(de)更充(chong)分(fen)(fen)。
3.基于(yu)(yu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)以(yi)體(ti)系設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度來看,業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)梳(shu)(shu)理(li)(li)是構建基于(yu)(yu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)條件。如圖1所示,首(shou)先對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)各(ge)個(ge)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質與(yu)(yu)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領域進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)與(yu)(yu)參(can)考(kao),從流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)始(shi)端(duan)對(dui)風險(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)辨識評(ping)估和(he)內控診(zhen)斷,對(dui)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)框架進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)確(que)定。然(ran)后需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)該(gai)框架實施風險(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)與(yu)(yu)缺陷認定,建立起風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接口,并(bing)在這個(ge)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)對(dui)重(zhong)點(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)確(que)定和(he)明確(que),而后需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)風險(xian)(xian)信息與(yu)(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一一對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)繪制(zhi),最終(zhong)編制(zhi)出“風險(xian)(xian)—流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)控制(zhi)矩(ju)陣”。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)門管(guan)理(li)(li)者(zhe)、業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)復雜人或業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)骨(gu)干均需(xu)要(yao)參(can)與(yu)(yu)到業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)梳(shu)(shu)理(li)(li)中(zhong)來,形(xing)成一個(ge)負責(ze)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)梳(shu)(shu)理(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)團(tuan)(tuan)隊,該(gai)團(tuan)(tuan)隊需(xu)要(yao)任用(yong)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才負責(ze)相應(ying)層次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)梳(shu)(shu)理(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)描述,并(bing)擴展業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)梳(shu)(shu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋面與(yu)(yu)范圍,保證覆蓋到所有業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)活動。提(ti)高(gao)該(gai)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)需(xu)要(yao)構建詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)細(xi)化(hua)(hua)模(mo)型,主(zhu)要(yao)包括:規范合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)型、子流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)型、具(ju)體(ti)操作流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)型、各(ge)項模(mo)板及相關指導文(wen)件、其中(zhong)各(ge)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)型包含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任主(zhu)體(ti)及參(can)與(yu)(yu)單位。提(ti)高(gao)基于(yu)(yu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精細(xi)化(hua)(hua),有助于(yu)(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)高(gao)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范性與(yu)(yu)科(ke)學化(hua)(hua)。
四、A企業構建基(ji)于業務流程的(de)風險管理(li)思路及措施
我國大型(xing)施工(gong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)A企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開展了(le)全企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),在(zai)確定(ding)了(le)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)框(kuang)架以后,按照(zhao)重(zhong)點(dian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)排序(xu),企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)將物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)選(xuan)定(ding)為重(zhong)大風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管理控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)將“基于業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”作(zuo)(zuo)為控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)入(ru)手點(dian),圍繞業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點(dian),對(dui)(dui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度設(she)計、職權行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)監(jian)管等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)排查與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。第(di)一步(bu)(bu),該企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)組針對(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),對(dui)(dui)其(qi)現狀與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)節進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)摸底(di),明(ming)確了(le)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)缺陷(xian),與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)負責與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)監(jian)管部門協同(tong)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo),依(yi)(yi)照(zhao)《企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規范》與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)運營實際(ji)情況(kuang),對(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規范進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)完善與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)優(you)化(hua),提(ti)高(gao)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、合(he)理性(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學性(xing)(xing)(xing);第(di)二步(bu)(bu),依(yi)(yi)照(zhao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)節點(dian)對(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)點(dian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)明(ming)確,例如:采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訂與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)選(xuan)擇、與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)供應商的(de)(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)、招投標或比(bi)價(jia)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)、合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)簽訂、貨物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)檢查與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試驗(yan)、貨款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)付等(deng);第(di)三步(bu)(bu),對(dui)(dui)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)關鍵控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)依(yi)(yi)據所(suo)(suo)涉及的(de)(de)(de)崗(gang)位進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)辨識分(fen)析(xi),對(dui)(dui)其(qi)中(zhong)可(ke)能存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)排查,例如:招投標或比(bi)價(jia)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)暗箱操作(zuo)(zuo)、審批流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)存在(zai)缺陷(xian)、材料取樣(yang)試驗(yan)不(bu)嚴(yan)格(ge)等(deng);第(di)四(si)步(bu)(bu),充(chong)分(fen)結合(he)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)定(ding)量(liang)分(fen)析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa),對(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能性(xing)(xing)(xing)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)析(xi),依(yi)(yi)據崗(gang)位工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金額兩(liang)個(ge)因素對(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)描述與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)確定(ding);第(di)五步(bu)(bu),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訂物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評價(jia)標準,依(yi)(yi)據物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)概(gai)率(lv)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)影響(xiang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度,進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)值的(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)分(fen),依(yi)(yi)照(zhao)從高(gao)到低(di)的(de)(de)(de)順序(xu),將風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)生概(gai)率(lv)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)影響(xiang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度依(yi)(yi)照(zhao)1、2、3、4、5五個(ge)等(deng)級(ji)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)歸類;第(di)六步(bu)(bu),鼓(gu)勵所(suo)(suo)有崗(gang)位人員評價(jia)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing),而后編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)排序(xu)表(biao),進而繪制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如圖(tu)2所(suo)(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)水平(ping)(ping)圖(tu)譜。圖(tu)譜中(zhong),黑色(se)(se)區域(A)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)級(ji)為高(gao)危(wei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),A企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需要(yao)及時(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取針對(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)措(cuo)施予以防范、解決;灰(hui)色(se)(se)區域(B)為中(zhong)等(deng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),A企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需要(yao)對(dui)(dui)此提(ti)高(gao)重(zhong)視(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度,并掌握其(qi)實時(shi)動態;白(bai)色(se)(se)區域(C)為低(di)等(deng)級(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),通常情況(kuang)下為企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以接受的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。依(yi)(yi)據物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)水平(ping)(ping)圖(tu)譜,A企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以高(gao)效(xiao)、高(gao)質量(liang)地完成物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
五、結論
構(gou)建基于(yu)流(liu)程管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)模式(shi)具(ju)有(you)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合性(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)復雜性(xing)(xing),該(gai)模式(shi)邏輯架(jia)構(gou)層次分明(ming),具(ju)有(you)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)精細化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)規(gui)范化(hua)(hua),對于(yu)細化(hua)(hua)分析(xi)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程,明(ming)確業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)環節與(yu)(yu)(yu)操作(zuo)(zuo),凸顯(xian)關鍵風(feng)險(xian)控制(zhi)點具(ju)有(you)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)可操作(zuo)(zuo)意義。同時可以將具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)查與(yu)(yu)(yu)風(feng)險(xian)控制(zhi)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)控落(luo)實到相應部門,明(ming)確崗(gang)位“權、責、利”的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學分配,最(zui)終使業(ye)務(wu)(wu)流(liu)程成為橋梁,提高風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)顯(xian)性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua),推(tui)動企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可持續發展(zhan)。
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篇10
關鍵詞:風險導向 內部控(kong)制
針(zhen)對多業態跨(kua)區域經(jing)營特點,為(wei)加強(qiang)企(qi)(qi)業風險(xian)管(guan)控(kong),公司(si)結合生(sheng)產經(jing)營實際,積(ji)極探索(suo)適(shi)合企(qi)(qi)業發展需要(yao)的(de)以風險(xian)為(wei)導向的(de)內部(bu)控(kong)制體(ti)系建設及管(guan)控(kong)模式。經(jing)過幾年的(de)探索(suo)實踐(jian),增強(qiang)了(le)企(qi)(qi)業風險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)能力,提升了(le)企(qi)(qi)業經(jing)營管(guan)理水平(ping),為(wei)實現(xian)公司(si)戰略(lve)目(mu)標起(qi)到(dao)了(le)積(ji)極的(de)促進(jin)作用(yong)。
一、建立(li)以(yi)風險為導向的內控(kong)體系是提(ti)升公司(si)風險防(fang)控(kong)能力(li)的客觀需要(yao)
(一(yi))防控風險(xian)已經成為(wei)公司(si)管(guan)理(li)的重要(yao)目標
世界經濟進入全球化時(shi)代,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)經營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)多(duo)元(yuan),地域分(fen)散,復雜的(de)(de)社會經濟環境(jing)影響著公司(si)的(de)(de)經營(ying)(ying)、穩(wen)定和(he)發展。隨著企(qi)業(ye)(ye)經營(ying)(ying)規(gui)模擴(kuo)張(zhang),交(jiao)易(yi)金額增大,交(jiao)易(yi)頻(pin)率加快,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)面臨的(de)(de)不確定性因素增多(duo),傳統的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管理制(zhi)度局限性日益(yi)凸顯(xian)。分(fen)析國內外企(qi)業(ye)(ye)倒閉(bi)或衰敗的(de)(de)例證,總結(jie)本公司(si)多(duo)年經營(ying)(ying)中的(de)(de)經驗和(he)教訓,無不與企(qi)業(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)管控密切(qie)相(xiang)關,經營(ying)(ying)過程中的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)防控已經成為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管理的(de)(de)重要目(mu)標和(he)焦(jiao)點。建設和(he)完(wan)善(shan)風(feng)險(xian)為(wei)導向的(de)(de)內部控制(zhi)體(ti)系已成為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)防控風(feng)險(xian)重要措施。
(二)防控(kong)企業風險要(yao)靠嚴密的內部控(kong)制體(ti)系做(zuo)保障
公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管(guan)控(kong)經(jing)歷了(le)三個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan),一是憑經(jing)驗(yan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)初創(chuang)時(shi)期),對(dui)有(you)(you)(you)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險的業務選派(pai)“經(jing)驗(yan)豐富”的人去管(guan)理(li)(li),經(jing)營決策靠有(you)(you)(you)經(jing)驗(yan)的領(ling)導把關,被稱為(wei)經(jing)驗(yan)管(guan)控(kong)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)。二是靠單項(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),針對(dui)高風(feng)(feng)(feng)險業務制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定專(zhuan)門的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施,做到一事(shi)一制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),方法雖然簡(jian)單,但(dan)由(you)此步入了(le)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)。經(jing)過一段(duan)時(shi)間摸索(suo),積累了(le)一套(tao)行之有(you)(you)(you)效的管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),在規范(fan)企業管(guan)理(li)(li)和防控(kong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險中發揮了(le)重要(yao)的作(zuo)用。但(dan)由(you)于規章制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)多為(wei)單項(xiang)規定,程(cheng)序性規定很少(shao),標準制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)(you)(you)流程(cheng)保證,且(qie)各專(zhuan)業部門頒布的管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)都帶(dai)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的局限性,缺(que)乏系(xi)統性、全局性,已不(bu)(bu)能適應企業全面(mian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管(guan)理(li)(li)的要(yao)求(qiu)。三是進(jin)入了(le)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan),為(wei)做好企業風(feng)(feng)(feng)險防控(kong)工(gong)作(zuo),公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)結合不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險特征(zheng),對(dui)現有(you)(you)(you)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、標準和程(cheng)序進(jin)行了(le)完(wan)善,對(dui)業務流程(cheng)進(jin)行了(le)重構,提高了(le)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的可操(cao)作(zuo)性、嚴謹性和規范(fan)性。將原有(you)(you)(you)的內(nei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)提升(sheng)以(yi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險為(wei)導向(xiang)內(nei)部控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi),實現了(le)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管(guan)理(li)(li)多維度(du)(du)(du)(du)的體(ti)(ti)系(xi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
(三)防控(kong)風險是提升公(gong)司(si)綜合管理能力有力手段
以風險為(wei)導向的內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系建設及實施,不僅提升風險管(guan)(guan)控(kong)能力,而(er)且提升了(le)(le)公司(si)(si)的綜合管(guan)(guan)控(kong)能力,該(gai)體(ti)(ti)系明確了(le)(le)控(kong)制(zhi)活動的對象,規范了(le)(le)交易活動源頭控(kong)制(zhi)的業務流(liu)程,強化(hua)了(le)(le)控(kong)制(zhi)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)責(ze)任(ren),使公司(si)(si)各種(zhong)經濟活動實現了(le)(le)全面受控(kong)。通(tong)過系統(tong)嚴謹(jin)閉環管(guan)(guan)控(kong)措施的落實,很好的與企業經營活動結合起來,逐(zhu)步改(gai)善企業的內控(kong)管(guan)(guan)理(li),使公司(si)(si)綜合管(guan)(guan)理(li)能力不斷提高(gao)。
二、以風險為導向(xiang)的內部控制體系(xi)框(kuang)架(jia)及做法
公司借鑒國內(nei)(nei)外內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)實踐經驗(yan),以(yi)(yi)COSO框架及財政部(bu)等(deng)五部(bu)委(wei)頒發(fa)的(de)(de)《企業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)本規范》和國資委(wei)的(de)(de)《中央企業(ye)全面風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)指引》為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎,結合企業(ye)實際(ji),建立以(yi)(yi)公司戰略為(wei)(wei)核心,以(yi)(yi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)為(wei)(wei)導向(xiang),以(yi)(yi)責任為(wei)(wei)主線,以(yi)(yi)業(ye)務流(liu)(liu)程管(guan)控(kong)為(wei)(wei)方法,以(yi)(yi)監督與評價為(wei)(wei)手段,注重管(guan)理(li)(li)改進的(de)(de)企業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統。從確定內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)目標、辨識評估風(feng)(feng)險(xian)、梳理(li)(li)管(guan)控(kong)流(liu)(liu)程、制(zhi)(zhi)定控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)措施、開展內(nei)(nei)控(kong)監督與評價和持續改進等(deng)五個方面,推動、構(gou)建和完善了以(yi)(yi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)為(wei)(wei)導向(xiang)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)建設(she)。
(一)確定以風險為導向的內部控制目(mu)標(biao)
目(mu)(mu)標設定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以風(feng)險為導向的(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體系建(jian)立的(de)(de)前提條件(jian),在(zai)(zai)風(feng)險管(guan)理(li)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個重(zhong)要環節。首先是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)設定(ding)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),要充分(fen)考慮各種風(feng)險對企業經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)影響程(cheng)(cheng)度,把握對重(zhong)大風(feng)險的(de)(de)判斷。其次是(shi)(shi)(shi)要根據內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標設定(ding),確(que)定(ding)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實施(shi)方案,并隨著目(mu)(mu)標改變(bian)適時進行必要的(de)(de)調整。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)險控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)根據內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標的(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)而(er)(er)確(que)定(ding),隨著目(mu)(mu)標的(de)(de)改變(bian)而(er)(er)改變(bian),只有先明確(que)了內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標,才能(neng)對識別出的(de)(de)風(feng)險制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)相應(ying)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)。
公(gong)(gong)司(si)圍(wei)繞經(jing)營及管理(li)風險(xian),確(que)立(li)以資產的(de)(de)存在、完整、歸屬(shu)、計(ji)價正確(que)和(he)收益等屬(shu)性的(de)(de)落實(shi)(shi)為風險(xian)控制的(de)(de)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)目標(biao),以實(shi)(shi)現(xian)“體(ti)系可(ke)靠、風險(xian)可(ke)控、運行可(ke)持續”為體(ti)系規劃(hua)目標(biao)。總目標(biao)是:以國家相關法律法規為依據,以公(gong)(gong)司(si)現(xian)有(you)資源為基礎,以財務報告風險(xian)、法律風險(xian)、經(jing)營風險(xian)為切(qie)入點(dian),以源頭治理(li)和(he)過程控制為核心,以防范風險(xian)為重(zhong)點(dian),對企業(ye)現(xian)有(you)管理(li)制度、職責分工、權限分配和(he)業(ye)務流程進(jin)行全面梳理(li),建立(li)起設(she)計(ji)科學、簡潔(jie)適(shi)用(yong)、運行有(you)效的(de)(de)內部控制體(ti)系,推進(jin)科學治企。
(二)建立風險數據庫
通過收(shou)集(ji)風(feng)(feng)險事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian),確定公(gong)(gong)司(si)層面(mian)風(feng)(feng)險分類(lei)和(he)風(feng)(feng)險名稱,形成公(gong)(gong)司(si)層面(mian)風(feng)(feng)險事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)庫和(he)風(feng)(feng)險數據庫。針(zhen)對風(feng)(feng)險事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)關(guan)聯性(xing),主要收(shou)集(ji)了(le)連續(xu)三年公(gong)(gong)司(si)內(nei)部風(feng)(feng)險事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)案(an)例(li)、行(xing)業(ye)內(nei)相(xiang)關(guan)歷史事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)和(he)未來風(feng)(feng)險預測,包括公(gong)(gong)司(si)相(xiang)關(guan)材(cai)料記(ji)載的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)、內(nei)外部審計發現的(de)(de)問題(ti)、各(ge)業(ye)務(wu)部門(men)存在的(de)(de)重大問題(ti)或隱(yin)患等。通過分析篩選,選取(qu)具有代表性(xing)的(de)(de)、對公(gong)(gong)司(si)影響(xiang)較大的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)共(gong)77條(tiao),形成公(gong)(gong)司(si)層面(mian)的(de)(de)《風(feng)(feng)險事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)庫》。
在收集風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)息過程(cheng)中(zhong)。按照內外部(bu)(bu)、業(ye)務(wu)板塊(kuai)、部(bu)(bu)門單位等條件將各(ge)(ge)類風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)因素(su)進行分(fen)(fen)類匯總(zong),厘清各(ge)(ge)個問題之(zhi)間的因果關系,方便從(cong)整(zheng)體上把握風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)機會(hui),有助于各(ge)(ge)職(zhi)能(neng)部(bu)(bu)門更好地認識和(he)關注與其(qi)直接(jie)相關的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。經過比對分(fen)(fen)析,確定公司(si)各(ge)(ge)項業(ye)務(wu)、重(zhong)要經營活動(dong)及重(zhong)要業(ye)務(wu)流程(cheng)中(zhong)的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),并予以客觀準確地表述。通過與各(ge)(ge)職(zhi)能(neng)部(bu)(bu)門以及所屬(shu)單位反復溝通,識別出可能(neng)影響公司(si)實現經營目標的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)因素(su),進行整(zheng)理分(fen)(fen)析并編制《風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)匯總(zong)表》,最終確定了公司(si)層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)類和(he)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)名稱,共(gong)4大類24個風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),形成公司(si)層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)的《風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)數(shu)據庫》。
(三(san))識別(bie)與評估(gu)風險
風險是指可以識別的不確(que)定(ding)性事項(xiang),它能對企業經濟利益(yi)造成有利或不利影響(xiang),其(qi)來(lai)源及影響(xiang)具(ju)有不確(que)定(ding)性。風險評估(gu)的目的是對影響(xiang)公(gong)司的不確(que)定(ding)性因(yin)素進(jin)行識別,對其(qi)進(jin)行科學(xue)評估(gu)、量化,指導(dao)對不確(que)定(ding)性因(yin)素的把控。
風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)識(shi)別(bie)是風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)評估的(de)(de)基礎,其結(jie)果直(zhi)接影響著整個風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管理流程(cheng)的(de)(de)節點(dian)設置,公司(si)各(ge)職能部門(men)及(ji)(ji)所屬各(ge)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)運用(yong)確(que)定的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)識(shi)別(bie)方(fang)法,結(jie)合內外部風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)事(shi)件信息,對本(ben)部門(men)及(ji)(ji)本(ben)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)事(shi)項進(jin)行(xing)識(shi)別(bie)、歸類,在(zai)分析的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)確(que)定本(ben)部門(men)及(ji)(ji)本(ben)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)公司(si)層(ceng)面(mian)、業(ye)務(wu)(wu)活動層(ceng)面(mian)、信息層(ceng)面(mian)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)。根(gen)據各(ge)部門(men)及(ji)(ji)各(ge)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)識(shi)別(bie)出(chu)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian),進(jin)行(xing)分類整理、分析匯(hui)總(zong),確(que)定公司(si)存在(zai)的(de)(de)各(ge)類風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)。
風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)。在編制公(gong)(gong)司(si)層(ceng)面風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)事件(jian)庫(ku)和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)數據庫(ku)的(de)(de)基礎上,根據獲得的(de)(de)歷史數據和(he)行(xing)業(ye)資料等(deng)(deng)信息(xi),查找風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)發生的(de)(de)內外部原因,組織開展公(gong)(gong)司(si)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)發生的(de)(de)可(ke)能性及影(ying)(ying)響程度(du)評(ping)(ping)分(fen)分(fen)析(xi),對(dui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)層(ceng)面24個(ge)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)發生的(de)(de)可(ke)能性和(he)影(ying)(ying)響程度(du)進(jin)行(xing)評(ping)(ping)分(fen),并(bing)計算個(ge)體評(ping)(ping)分(fen)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)值。按(an)照風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)分(fen)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)業(ye)務能力、技術水平(ping)和(he)工(gong)作經(jing)歷等(deng)(deng),對(dui)參與風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)分(fen)人員(yuan)劃分(fen)類別,設置相應權重(zhong)(zhong),并(bing)采用加(jia)權平(ping)均的(de)(de)方法(fa)計算風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)級分(fen)值,評(ping)(ping)估(gu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)面臨的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。按(an)照上述方法(fa)計算24個(ge)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)加(jia)權平(ping)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)值并(bing)排序,依據公(gong)(gong)司(si)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)級標準,確定公(gong)(gong)司(si)層(ceng)面重(zhong)(zhong)要風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)12個(ge)。
(四)梳(shu)理管控流程
按照《企業(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)控制基(ji)本規范》,遵循內(nei)部(bu)控制體系固定的(de)(de)(de)框(kuang)架及(ji)文本模板(ban),編制組織結構(gou)圖(tu),描述部(bu)門及(ji)崗位職責(ze),建立(li)起(qi)業(ye)(ye)務管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)。公(gong)司針對確定的(de)(de)(de)各類(lei)風(feng)險(xian)(xian),按照規范及(ji)重(zhong)要性(xing)原則,以實(shi)現(xian)業(ye)(ye)務不(bu)交叉、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不(bu)重(zhong)疊和責(ze)任不(bu)遺(yi)漏為前提(ti),實(shi)現(xian)各類(lei)資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)優(you)化配置(zhi),提(ti)升(sheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)效率和市場反應速度,防控風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。業(ye)(ye)務流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)遵循風(feng)險(xian)(xian)導向、業(ye)(ye)務驅動(dong)、規范描述和強化執行的(de)(de)(de)原則,突出流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)與業(ye)(ye)務與管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)深度融合,將業(ye)(ye)務操作、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制度、工作職責(ze)和信息(xi)化建設有機結合起(qi)來,形成了(le)脈絡清晰的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)架構(gou)。公(gong)司共梳理(li)(li)(li)一(yi)級(ji)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)22個,二級(ji)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)165個,三級(ji)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)553個。設置(zhi)318個風(feng)險(xian)(xian)點(dian)。建立(li)了(le)一(yi)套清晰順暢(chang)、完整嚴(yan)密的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)務及(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)體系。
(五)制(zhi)(zhi)定控制(zhi)(zhi)措施
根(gen)據風險(xian)評估的(de)結果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施是內(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)體系的(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵環(huan)節,一是要針對(dui)重要業務(wu)流程,分析控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重點,按(an)照公司(si)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)規章(zhang)規章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施。二是參照《企業內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基本規范(fan)》,查找現有控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施中(zhong)的(de)缺項(xiang)(xiang)和遺(yi)漏,設計改(gai)進(jin)措(cuo)(cuo)施方案。三是落實相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門和責任崗(gang)位,固化到內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)各(ge)環(huan)節中(zhong)。四是根(gen)據控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施的(de)描述,補充相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),完(wan)善(shan)以風險(xian)導向的(de)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體系的(de)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施。五是對(dui)公司(si)層面的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主體、信息(xi)系統(tong)和內(nei)部(bu)監督等總體控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行系統(tong)銜接,形成完(wan)備(bei)的(de)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施體系。
制(zhi)定(ding)公(gong)司層面風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理策(ce)略。各責任(ren)部門根據(ju)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)定(ding)義、影(ying)響因素(su)及風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)表現,結合本業務的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)偏好,確(que)定(ding)應對(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)具體策(ce)略。根據(ju)業務流程確(que)定(ding)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)領域和風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan)(yuan),依據(ju)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan)(yuan)來找尋關鍵風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)成因,并確(que)定(ding)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)預警指(zhi)標數值或區間,從(cong)控制(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)、組織、方(fang)式和監督(du)等方(fang)面制(zhi)定(ding)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理策(ce)略70條(tiao),關鍵控制(zhi)點240個,制(zhi)定(ding)控制(zhi)措施368條(tiao)。
基(ji)于(yu)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)導向的(de)內(nei)控體系(xi)是(shi)以風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)識別、評估(gu)為(wei)基(ji)礎,進而分析、設計和實施內(nei)部控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管理行為(wei),亦是(shi)以流程為(wei)載體,管理界面(mian)、崗位職責(ze)、管理權限和控制(zhi)(zhi)措施清晰,滿足風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)控制(zhi)(zhi)要求及涵蓋(gai)經營管理全部業務的(de)內(nei)部控制(zhi)(zhi)體系(xi),是(shi)公司實施對(dui)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)效管控的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度保(bao)證。
三、以風險(xian)為導(dao)向的內(nei)部控制(zhi)體系的運(yun)行管(guan)理
內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)重在建(jian)設(she)(she)、關鍵是(shi)執行。公司(si)在內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)過程中,根據內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)建(jian)設(she)(she)總體要求,統(tong)籌安排各項具(ju)體工作。公司(si)對頒布《內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)管(guan)理手冊》、內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)組織(zhi)實施(shi)、內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)監督、測試、評價及改進等工作進行了周密部(bu)(bu)署,提(ti)出了加強內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)環境建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)要求,制(zhi)定了打造內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)支持系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)具(ju)體措施(shi),確定了內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)推(tui)行的(de)階段性目標。
(一)頒(ban)布(bu)并全面(mian)實施內(nei)部控制管(guan)理手冊
按照內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)建設總體實施(shi)(shi)方案,公(gong)(gong)司(si)把內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)作為內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵環(huan)節來抓。落實過程(cheng)中,一是(shi)(shi)由公(gong)(gong)司(si)總經理(li)(li)(li)簽發(fa)(fa),以公(gong)(gong)司(si)文件形式頒布內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)實施(shi)(shi)令(ling),確保內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)手(shou)冊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權威性和(he)各單(dan)位、各業(ye)務(wu)(wu)層面及(ji)各管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)崗(gang)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面執行(xing)(xing)。二是(shi)(shi)充分考慮(lv)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)整體經營管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)現狀,采取(qu)(qu)近期目(mu)標和(he)遠(yuan)期目(mu)標相(xiang)結合(he),優先解(jie)決風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薄弱環(huan)節,突出對重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)單(dan)位、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)流程(cheng)和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)風(feng)險(xian)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)控(kong),實現將企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標,力求取(qu)(qu)得控(kong)制(zhi)實效。三(san)是(shi)(shi)根據公(gong)(gong)司(si)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)階(jie)段,在(zai)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)基本(ben)手(shou)冊推廣(guang)執行(xing)(xing)基礎上,結合(he)海外后勤服務(wu)(wu)和(he)房(fang)地產開(kai)發(fa)(fa)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)需要(yao),分別編制(zhi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)海外后勤服務(wu)(wu)和(he)房(fang)地產開(kai)發(fa)(fa)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)分冊,在(zai)相(xiang)關業(ye)務(wu)(wu)領域實施(shi)(shi)。四是(shi)(shi)統籌公(gong)(gong)司(si)總部(bu)(bu)、各單(dan)位和(he)各經營業(ye)務(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)手(shou)冊執行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),疏(shu)通內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)職能(neng)部(bu)(bu)門之(zhi)間、上下游業(ye)務(wu)(wu)之(zhi)間及(ji)橫(heng)向(xiang)同(tong)級單(dan)位之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)接口,形成較為暢(chang)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)道,使內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)觸角橫(heng)向(xiang)到邊,縱(zong)向(xiang)到底(di),不留(liu)死角。
(二)編(bian)制年度風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理報告,實(shi)施風(feng)險(xian)動態評(ping)估
公(gong)司為推動(dong)以(yi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)為導向的(de)(de)(de)內部控(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)建(jian)(jian)設,使風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)向規(gui)范化、科學化和(he)常態化方向發展(zhan)。公(gong)司每(mei)年開展(zhan)一次包括所屬單(dan)(dan)位在內的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)報告(gao)編制(zhi)工作,完(wan)善(shan)企業(ye)重(zhong)大風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)報告(gao)機制(zhi)。一是強(qiang)調全面反映(ying)本單(dan)(dan)位存(cun)在所有風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),明確(que)(que)面臨重(zhong)大風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),剖析風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)產生的(de)(de)(de)原因,反映(ying)造成(cheng)直接和(he)間接經(jing)濟損失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)量化指標(biao),以(yi)及對企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)影響程度。二是報告(gao)內容(rong)要(yao)突出風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態、量化和(he)信息化控(kong)制(zhi)目標(biao)。三是對公(gong)司重(zhong)大風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),要(yao)明確(que)(que)責任單(dan)(dan)位和(he)人員,提出風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)要(yao)求,完(wan)善(shan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)應對措施,建(jian)(jian)立(li)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)預警(jing)指標(biao)體系(xi),合理(li)配置管(guan)控(kong)資源,確(que)(que)保重(zhong)大風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)責任到位。
公司(si)每年(nian)編制(zhi)并風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理報(bao)(bao)告(gao),拓展對企(qi)業風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)認(ren)識的(de)深度和(he)廣度,并以風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理報(bao)(bao)告(gao)為抓(zhua)手,對重大風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)統籌(chou)管控,確定(ding)管控目標(biao),明晰管控措施,制(zhi)定(ding)管控責任,實現對公司(si)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估的(de)持續推進和(he)對風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)動態監控。
(三)開展內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)體系(xi)運行控(kong)測試及評價
按照內部(bu)控制體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建設總體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)要求,公司(si)依據《公司(si)風險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)與內部(bu)控制體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)評(ping)價管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)辦法》每年一(yi)次(ci)對內部(bu)控制體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)情況進行(xing)(xing)測試及評(ping)價,并出具對風險(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)設計(ji)科學性與運(yun)行(xing)(xing)有效(xiao)性的評(ping)價結論。測試主(zhu)要圍繞公司(si)層(ceng)面(mian),包(bao)括(kuo)職業(ye)道德(de)、高管(guan)(guan)(guan)基調、權(quan)利及責任分配、舉報與違規處理(li)、反舞弊程序(xu)和(he)控制;業(ye)務(wu)活(huo)動層(ceng)面(mian),包(bao)括(kuo)財務(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(資金管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、資產管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、會(hui)計(ji)核算、財務(wu)報告)、物(wu)資管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、合同管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li);信息系(xi)(xi)統(tong)層(ceng)面(mian),包(bao)括(kuo)控制環境、信息安全、變(bian)更(geng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、項目管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、日常運(yun)維和(he)最終用戶操作等(deng)(deng)六個部(bu)分進行(xing)(xing)測試。并根據公司(si)主(zhu)營業(ye)務(wu),對重要業(ye)務(wu)流程進行(xing)(xing)跟(gen)單和(he)關鍵(jian)控制測試,同時對電子(zi)表(biao)格(ge)的內容(rong)、密碼保護、保存地點、變(bian)更(geng)和(he)備份(fen)等(deng)(deng)進行(xing)(xing)符合測試。
通過持(chi)續開(kai)展內部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系的運行(xing)(xing)測試、內部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)審計和內部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)綜(zong)合檢查(cha),全方位督促內部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系的落實,切實提(ti)高了內部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系的運行(xing)(xing)效果。幾年來,公司層面風險(xian)(xian)由4大(da)類(lei)24個(ge)風險(xian)(xian),下降為3大(da)類(lei)12個(ge)風險(xian)(xian)。公司內部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系運行(xing)(xing)總體(ti)評價(jia)一直保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)“良好”以上(shang)水平。
(四)持續修訂完善《內部控制管理手(shou)冊》
針對(dui)(dui)公司(si)經(jing)營業(ye)務變(bian)化(hua)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)和企業(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng),不可避免存在(zai)已實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)《風險管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)手冊(ce)》與企業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)及管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)強化(hua)不相(xiang)適應的(de)(de)(de)矛盾。因此,要(yao)保證(zheng)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)持續(xu)有效(xiao)運(yun)行(xing)。一(yi)是根據國家法律法規等(deng)政策調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng),對(dui)(dui)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)合法性(xing)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條款進行(xing)補充修(xiu)訂,增(zeng)強內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)條法約束。二是在(zai)公司(si)經(jing)營和管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)環境發(fa)生重大變(bian)化(hua)或部(bu)(bu)(bu)門職(zhi)責、流(liu)程和人員等(deng)發(fa)生調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)時,及時對(dui)(dui)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)業(ye)務流(liu)程重新進行(xing)梳理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、評(ping)估及修(xiu)訂,并適當增(zeng)加關(guan)鍵(jian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)。三是針對(dui)(dui)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)評(ping)價中發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)缺(que)陷和提(ti)(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)建(jian)議(yi),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)切實(shi)可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)改進措施(shi)和方案,對(dui)(dui)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)進行(xing)持續(xu)完善,優化(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi),形成內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)推動內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)互動機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四是在(zai)總(zong)結海外后勤(qin)基地服務和房(fang)地產(chan)開發(fa)業(ye)務內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)分冊(ce)運(yun)行(xing)成果的(de)(de)(de)基礎上,加大對(dui)(dui)包(bao)括酒店物業(ye)等(deng)公司(si)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手冊(ce)分冊(ce)的(de)(de)(de)編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和推廣力(li)度(du),增(zeng)加內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手冊(ce)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)分冊(ce)的(de)(de)(de)覆(fu)蓋面,提(ti)(ti)高特殊專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)領域關(guan)鍵(jian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)針對(dui)(dui)性(xing),增(zeng)強控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)果,推進公司(si)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手冊(ce)向專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方向發(fa)展(zhan)。
公(gong)司通過以(yi)風(feng)險(xian)為導向的內(nei)控體系建設實踐,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)員工風(feng)險(xian)意思(si)普遍增強,風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)控措(cuo)施得(de)到(dao)了(le)較好的落(luo)實,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)風(feng)險(xian)得(de)到(dao)了(le)有效控制,內(nei)部控制管(guan)理能力(li)大幅(fu)提高(gao),公(gong)司以(yi)風(feng)險(xian)為導向的內(nei)部控制管(guan)理為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)效益提升(sheng)和穩步發展做出(chu)了(le)積極的貢獻。
參考文獻:
[1]《企業內部控(kong)制基本規范》.
[2]《中央企業全面風險管理指(zhi)引(yin)》.
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