導語：如何才能寫好一篇商(shang)務信函(han)，這就(jiu)需要搜(sou)集整(zheng)理更多的(de)資料和文獻，歡迎(ying)閱讀由(you)公務員(yuan)之家整(zheng)理的(de)十篇范文，供(gong)你借鑒。

篇1

關鍵詞：商務信函；標準；翻譯策略

一、引言

隨著經濟全球(qiu)化的(de)深入，越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多企業(ye)、部(bu)門直接(jie)(jie)參與(yu)對(dui)外貿易(yi)。跨(kua)國貿易(yi)使(shi)得商務英語函(han)電成為貿易(yi)雙方傳(chuan)遞信息(xi)(xi)、業(ye)務溝通、加(jia)強聯系的(de)重要(yao)手段(duan)。商務函(han)電的(de)內容直接(jie)(jie)影響業(ye)務往來(lai)雙方是否決定繼續(xu)商業(ye)活動、雙方的(de)經濟效益，因此，準(zhun)確的(de)傳(chuan)遞英語商務信函(han)信息(xi)(xi)顯得尤為重要(yao)。

二、商務信(xin)函翻(fan)譯的(de)標準(zhun)

（一(yi)）準確傳(chuan)達信息

商務信函(han)是正(zheng)式、準確(que)，且用詞(ci)精確(que)。商務信函(han)翻(fan)(fan)譯(yi)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是幫(bang)助收信人理解發(fa)信者的(de)(de)要(yao)求，以(yi)決定(ding)是否繼續與(yu)發(fa)信者繼續交易(yi)、合作。翻(fan)(fan)譯(yi)的(de)(de)準確(que)性直接影響著(zhu)雙方的(de)(de)利益，因(yin)此，譯(yi)者在翻(fan)(fan)譯(yi)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，要(yao)保證(zheng)完整的(de)(de)傳(chuan)達原(yuan)文信息。例如，“no later than”， “before”， “within”等表達時間(jian)限制的(de)(de)詞(ci)應準確(que)的(de)(de)翻(fan)(fan)譯(yi)，避免雙方因(yin)交貨、裝(zhuang)運時間(jian)等問題(ti)而導致(zhi)沖突。

（二）禮貌委婉的傳(chuan)達信息

商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)禮(li)貌委婉，且(qie)使用(yong)特定詞匯(hui)與句型，使商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)語信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)嚴(yan)肅，具有法律效力。例如，為了避免主觀(guan)性，在(zai)英(ying)語商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)中大量使用(yong)被動語態。中國向來是禮(li)儀之邦，在(zai)中文(wen)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)中，大多用(yong)類似文(wen)言文(wen)以表達禮(li)貌與嚴(yan)肅性。“盼(pan)賜早復”，“前(qian)肅寸函(han)(han)”，“唯迄(qi)今”，“尚希(xi)查明賜復”等常常出現在(zai)中文(wen)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)中。

三、商務信(xin)函(han)翻(fan)譯策略

雖然商(shang)務(wu)信(xin)函(han)屬于正式文本，翻(fan)(fan)譯(yi)時(shi)準(zhun)確傳達(da)信(xin)函(han)信(xin)息是(shi)首要任務(wu)，任何信(xin)息的增(zeng)(zeng)減都將導致雙方的沖突，但是(shi)由于英(ying)漢(han)商(shang)務(wu)信(xin)函(han)在用(yong)詞、句型、格式等方面的不(bu)同，在翻(fan)(fan)譯(yi)的過程中，譯(yi)者需采取調整、增(zeng)(zeng)譯(yi)、減譯(yi)策略來保證(zheng)信(xin)息準(zhun)確的傳達(da)。

（一）重復

在(zai)商務英(ying)語信函的翻譯(yi)重復來句子中的主(zhu)語、賓語等(deng)保證信息的準確性(xing)。

We pleased to receive your bank cheque for $1，345 yesterday. It has been credited to your account， which is now completely clear.貴(gui)方(fang)寄來的(de)1345美元銀行支票已經收到，至感欣慰。我方(fang)已將此款(kuan)計入貴(gui)方(fang)賬戶。貴(gui)方(fang)賬目(mu)已經結清。

（二）調整結構

在英(ying)語(yu)商務信(xin)(xin)函中(zhong)(zhong)，大量使用(yong)(yong)被動語(yu)態、否定句(ju)來表達主觀性，及發信(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)對收信(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)尊敬，而(er)在中(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)的(de)(de)商務信(xin)(xin)函中(zhong)(zhong)，更多使用(yong)(yong)主動語(yu)態和肯定句(ju)，因此在翻(fan)譯的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，需要調整句(ju)子的(de)(de)結構。例如：

It is not a very old or large account， so why not sent us your check today？

這并不是一筆(bi)大數目(mu)，請即(ji)結(jie)清該賬。

（三）省譯

英(ying)語商務信函中(zhong)，由于英(ying)語語法結構、句型完整、意思準(zhun)確(que)等要(yao)求，需要(yao)重(zhong)復部分(fen)詞，在翻譯成(cheng)中(zhong)文的過(guo)程中(zhong)要(yao)省去。

1、省(sheng)略代詞(ci)(ci)。在(zai)英(ying)語(yu)句子中(zhong)(zhong)，代詞(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)不可或缺的，但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)，即使省(sheng)去部分代詞(ci)(ci)，信息不會丟失，也不會影響(xiang)信息傳達的準確性，相反(fan)，能更好的滿足中(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)商(shang)務信函的禮(li)貌(mao)要求，在(zai)翻譯英(ying)語(yu)商(shang)務信函的過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，可將(jiang)部分代詞(ci)(ci)省(sheng)略。例如：

As soon as I opened the package，I noticed that they are poor in material and not in accordance with your original samples.唯拆視之下，發現該批制品，工料粗(cu)劣，與前送樣(yang)品，完全不符。

2、省略連詞(ci)。英(ying)語中的(de)長句結構緊湊，英(ying)語中連結詞(ci)出(chu)現(xian)頻率較高，為更好的(de)傳達(da)復雜(za)的(de)信息，商務信函大量使用(yong)長句。中文很(hen)少(shao)用(yong)到連接詞(ci)，句與(yu)句之間的(de)邏輯(ji)關系可通過詞(ci)的(de)順(shun)序來表達(da)。在翻譯過程，可省去部(bu)分連詞(ci)。例如：

In condition that you reduce your price to some extend， we will lay the order.你方(fang)降價，我(wo)方(fang)便下訂單

3、省(sheng)(sheng)略同義詞(ci)。英語(yu)商務信(xin)函使用約(yue)定俗成的同義詞(ci)來(lai)表達準確(que)性和正(zheng)式，例(li)如：“null and void（無(wu)效）”， ， “true and correct（正(zheng)確(que)）”， “final and conclusive（最終）”，在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文翻譯中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要將此類(lei)同義詞(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一個省(sheng)(sheng)略，僅譯其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一個。

We shall be obliged if you will kindly make it a check on behalf of us and furnish and provide us the information needed. 若貴公司能代(dai)我方(fang)在這方(fang)面進(jin)行調查，提供有(you)關信息，則(ze)不勝感(gan)激。

（四）增譯

1、增(zeng)加(jia)連(lian)詞(ci)(ci)。在(zai)(zai)英語中(zhong)，使用(yong)動詞(ci)(ci)分詞(ci)(ci)形(xing)式和不定式來(lai)表達(da)目(mu)的(de)、條件、結果，但在(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)翻譯成(cheng)中(zhong)文的(de)過程，也要(yao)根據分詞(ci)(ci)和不定式在(zai)(zai)句(ju)子(zi)中(zhong)的(de)含(han)義(yi)，增(zeng)加(jia)表達(da)目(mu)的(de)、條件、結果的(de)連(lian)詞(ci)(ci)傳(chuan)達(da)主(zhu)句(ju)和從句(ju)之間(jian)關系的(de)連(lian)詞(ci)(ci)，符合中(zhong)文習(xi)慣。

Having extensive connection withJapanese manufacturers as well as sufficient capital at our disposal， we are confident we can execute orders at the lowest prices.由于我公司與日本制造商有著廣泛(fan)聯(lian)系，加上有足夠可(ke)供支配(pei)的資金，我們相信，我方能(neng)以最低廉(lian)的價格滿足貴方的訂貨要求。

2、增加量詞。英語(yu)可用名詞的(de)(de)單(dan)復(fu)數(shu)形(xing)式來表達貨物(wu)數(shu)量的(de)(de)多少，而中文的(de)(de)名詞沒(mei)有單(dan)復(fu)數(shu)形(xing)式，因(yin)此，在(zai)把英語(yu)名詞的(de)(de)單(dan)復(fu)數(shu)翻譯成中文時，要(yao)加上量詞。例如：

We confirm supply of the prints at the prices stated in you letter and arranging for dispatch next week by passenger train. 我方確認(ren)你方來信的價(jia)格供應各種(zhong)印花棉(mian)布，并正安排(pai)下(xia)周由客運列車裝出。

3、增加時(shi)間(jian)。英語課(ke)通過(guo)動詞的時(shi)態(tai)(tai)來表(biao)達時(shi)間(jian)，因(yin)此(ci)，在某些情況下，省略了時(shi)間(jian)，在翻譯成中(zhong)文(wen)時(shi)，要根據時(shi)態(tai)(tai)標(biao)明時(shi)間(jian)。

 we are planning to pack the products and ship it to you as stipulated.我們已在準備將訂貨裝箱(xiang)運(yun)送。

四、結論

商(shang)(shang)務(wu)信(xin)函作為國際(ji)交流貿(mao)易的(de)重要手段(duan)，中英(ying)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)信(xin)函語(yu)言特(te)點的(de)區別要求在(zai)進行商(shang)(shang)務(wu)英(ying)語(yu)信(xin)函漢(han)譯的(de)時候(hou)，譯者應根據實際(ji)情(qing)情(qing)況，采取(qu)調整句(ju)式結構、增譯、減譯等(deng)翻譯策略，以保(bao)證準確的(de)傳達信(xin)息，避免對方因對關鍵(jian)信(xin)息理解錯誤而導(dao)致沖突(tu)。（作者單位：廣西財(cai)經學院(yuan)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)外國語(yu)學院(yuan)）

參考文獻：

[1]房玉(yu)靖，劉(liu)海燕. 2012. 商務英語翻譯教程(cheng)[M].北京：清華(hua)大學出(chu)版社.

篇2

a.我們愿與貴公(gong)司(si)建立商務關系。

Wearewillingtoestablishtraderelationswithyourcompany.

b.我們希望與您建立業務(wu)往來。

Pleaseallowustoexpressourhopeofopeninganaccountwithyou.

c.我公司經營電子產品的進出口業務(wu)，希望與(yu)貴(gui)方建立商務(wu)關系。

Thiscorporationisspecializedinhandingtheimportandexportsbusinessinelectronicproductsandwishestoenterintobusinessrelationswithyou.

2．自我推薦

a.請容我們自我介紹，我們是(shi)……首屈一指的貿易(yi)公司。

Letusintroduceourselvesasaleadingtradingfirmin…

b.本公司經營(ying)這項(xiang)業務(wu)已(yi)多年，并(bing)享有很高的國際信譽。

Ourcompanyhasbeeninthislineofbusinessformanyyearsandenjoyshighinternationalprestige.

c.我們的(de)產(chan)品(pin)質量一(yi)(yi)流，我們的(de)客戶一(yi)(yi)直把本公司視(shi)為最可信(xin)賴的(de)公司。

Ourproductsareofverygoodqualityandourfirmisalwaysregardedbyourcustomersasthemostreliableone.

3．推銷產品

a.我們從……獲知貴公司的(de)名稱，不知貴公司對這一系(xi)列的(de)產(chan)品是(shi)否有興趣(qu)。

Yournamehasbeengivenby…andweliketoinquirewhetheryouareinterestedintheselines.

b.我(wo)們(men)新(xin)研制的……已推(tui)出上市(shi)，特(te)此奉告(gao)。

Wearepleasedtoinformyouthatwehavejustmarketedournewly-developed….

c.我們盼望能成(cheng)為貴公司(si)的……供(gong)應商。

Wearepleasedtogetintouchwithyouforthesupplyof….

d.我們的(de)新(xin)產(chan)品剛剛推出上市，相信您樂于知道。

Youwillbeinterestedtohearthatwehavejustmarketedournewproduct.

e.相認(ren)您對(dui)本公司新(xin)出品(pin)的……會(hui)感興趣。

Youwillbeinterestedinournewproduct…….

4．索取資料

a.我們對貴(gui)方的新產(chan)品(pin)……甚感興趣，希望能寄來貴(gui)公司的產(chan)品(pin)目錄及價(jia)目表(biao)。

Weareinterestedinyournewproduct…andshallbepleasedtohaveacatalogandpricelist.

b.我們從紐約時報上(shang)看到貴(gui)公司的(de)廣告(gao)，但(dan)愿能收到產品的(de)價(jia)目表及詳(xiang)細資(zi)料。

WehaveseenyouradvertisementinTheNewYorkTimesandshouldbegladtohaveyourpricelistsanddetailsofyourterms.

c.獲(huo)知貴公司有……已上市(shi)，希望能賜寄完整的詳細資料。

Wehearthatyouhaveput…onthemarketandshouldbegladtohavefulldetails.

d.如蒙賜寄貴公司新產品(pin)的詳(xiang)細資料，我們將深表(biao)感激(ji)。

Weshouldappreciatefullparticularsofyournewlydevelopedproduct.

e.如蒙(meng)賜(si)寄有關(guan)……的樣品(pin)和價目(mu)表，我們將甚為感激。

Weshouldbeobligedifyouwouldsenduspatterns(orsamples)andpricelistsofyour…

5．寄發資料

a.很高興寄(ji)你一郵包，內裝……

Wearepleasedtosendyoubyparcelpostapackagecontaining…

b.欣寄(ji)我方目錄，提(ti)供(gong)我方各(ge)類(lei)產品的(de)詳細情況。

Wehavepleasuresinsendingyouourcatalogue,whichgivesfullinformationaboutourvariousproducts.

c.欣然奉上(shang)我方產品樣品，在貴方展(zhan)廳展(zhan)出(chu)。

Weshouldbepleasedtoletyouhavesamplestogiveademonstrationatyourpremises.

d.為(wei)使(shi)貴方對我方各種(zhong)款式的手工藝品有一初(chu)步了解，今航郵奉上我方目錄(lu)和一些樣品資料(liao)，供(gong)您們參考。

Inordertogiveyousomeideaofvariousqualitiesofhandicraftswecarry,wehavepleasureinforwardingyoubyairmailonecatalogueandafewsamplebooksforyourperusal.

6．附寄資料

a.隨(sui)函(han)附上本公司新出品(pin)(pin)的……樣品(pin)(pin)，請查收。

Youwillfindenclosedwiththisletterasampleofnew….

b.隨函附(fu)上購(gou)貨合同第××號兩份，希查收，諒無誤。請會簽并退(tui)我方(fang)一份備案(an)。

EnclosedpleasefindtwocopiesofPurchaseContractNo.…，whichwetrustwillbefoundinorder.Kindlysignandreturnonecopyforourfile.

c.我們很(hen)高興地附上詢價單第××號，請貴方(fang)報離岸價格(ge)。

Wehavepleasureinenclosingourfile.

d.我(wo)們(men)確認向貴方購買……,隨函附上訂單(dan)確認書供參照。

Weconfirmhavingpurchasedfromyou….Aconfirmationorderisenclosedforyourreference.

7．請求做商

 a.我(wo)們深盼與英國公司接(jie)洽(qia)，希望成為其銷(xiao)售(shou)商之一。

WeareanxioustocontactsomeBritishfirmswithaviewtoactingastheirsellingangents.

b.如蒙考慮擔(dan)任銷售你們(men)……商，我們(men)將十分高興。

Weshouldbegladifyouwouldconsiderourapplicationtoactasagentsforthesaleofyour…

8．請求報價

a.茲函請提(ti)供……的報價。

Wearewritingtoinvitequotationsforthesupplyof….

b.請將定期供應(ying)……之(zhi)報價(jia)賜知。

Pleaseletushaveaquotationfortheregularsupplyfor….

c.請(qing)將(jiang)下(xia)列貨品的最(zui)低價格賜知。

Kindlyquoteusyourlowestpricesforthegoodslistedbelow.

9．詢價

a.隨函寄上詢價單一份。

Weareenclosingherewithaninquirysheet.

b.如果貴方對……感興趣，請告具(ju)體詢(xun)價。

Ifyouareinterestedinour…,pleaseletusknowwithaspecificinquiry.

c.一收(shou)到貴方(fang)具(ju)體(ti)詢(xun)價(jia)(jia)單，我(wo)方(fang)馬上(shang)航空郵上(shang)樣品冊并(bing)報價(jia)(jia)。

Quotationsandsamplebookswillbeairmailedtoyouuponreceiptofyourspecificinquiry.

10．價格

a.我們(men)發現你方報價(jia)比我們(men)從(cong)其他地方收到的略(lve)為偏高(gao)，請你方降價(jia)，以適應競爭。

Wefindyourquotationslightlyhigherthanthosewehavereceivedfromothersources,andaskyoutoreduceyourpricetomeetthecompetition.

篇3

關(guan)鍵詞(ci):禮貌原則 商(shang)務交流 商(shang)務信函寫作

Abstract: Politeness is generally accepted as an important feature in human communication. Writing of business correspondence should also observe this guideline. This paper analyzes the substantial use of politeness in business correspondence. One should employ politeness tactics appropriately to achieve the purpose of more efficient business communication.

Key Words: Politeness Principle Business Correspondence Writing

1.Introduction

Politeness is the core of both Chinese and English culture. A lot of linguist had researched the relation between politeness and language. Among them, G.N. Leech is outstanding who once introduced the Politeness Principle. Politeness Principle includes six maxims(Leech, 1983): Tact Maxim (Minimise cost to other, Maximise benefit to other); Generosity Maxim (Minimise benefit to self, Maximise cost to self); Approbation Maxim (Minimise dispraise of other, Maximise dispraise of self); Modesty Maxim (Minimise praise of self, Maximise dispraise of self); Agreement Maxim(Minimise disagreement, Maximise agreement); Sympathy Maxim(Minimise antipathy, Maximise sympathy ). Leech thinks in communication, speaker and listener should maximize the expression of polite belief and minimize the expression of impolite belief (Leech, 1983). Although the research is on the base of dialog, it is also suitable for writing language.

The Politeness Principle is very important for the writing of business correspondence. And everyone wants to do a good job in writing business correspondence. A polite correspondence must respect the other side’s views, rights and needs as well as let the reader feel pleasure. Then, the writer should pay attention to politeness principle in business correspondence..

2. Application of the Politeness Principle in business correspondence writing

2.1 Tact maxim (Minimise cost to other, Maximise benefit to other) and Generosity maxim (Minimise benefit to self, Maximise cost to self)

In the writing of business letter, Tact Maxim is usually used in orders and promises. Meanwhile, Generosity Maxim is used in requiring price and negotiating conditions. In the practice of the writing, they are almost used in the same way. For instance:

(1)We assure you that any further enquiries from you will receive our prompt attention. In this example, “assure” strengthens the mood. In the objective clause, the writer made “any further enquires from you” the subject, putting the opposite side’s benefit in the first place. This sentence embodied the Tact Maxim and followed Politeness Principle.

(2) We sincerely advise you to accept our proposal as our stocks are getting lower and lower day and day，and we are afraid we shall be unable to meet your requirements if you fail to let us have your confirmation by return

In this sentence, the word “advise” was used improperly. The word “advise” may lead to a commending meaning. It may suggest that they must accept your advice. If not, the result would be very bad. But actually the choice right is in their hands but not yours. So, we should change “advise” into “recommend”.

(3) We reject your order No.85 for 1000,000 yards of Cotton Prints Art No.1002.

This sentence may have made the reader unhappy. Because the word “reject” was too direct. We could change the sentence into “Unfortunately, we have been unable to accept your order No.85 for 1000,000 yards of Cotton Prints Art No.1002”. The pattern “Unfortunately….” could save the reader’s face. And the whole sentence becomes indirect and more tactful.

2.2 Approbation Maxim (Minimise dispraise of other, Maximise dispraise of self) and Modesty Maxim (Minimise praise of self, Maximise dispraise of self)

The Approbation Maxim and Modesty Maxim are also used similarly. The difference is their object. The former one is used from the other opposite’s perspective. And the latter one is from our own perspective. In business letter writing, they are most used in preparation stage. For instance:

(1). It goes without saying that we very much appreciate the support you have extended us in the past.

In this example, the pattern “it goes without saying” exaggerate the writer’s gratitude to the reader as well as express the meaning of approbation to the reader. Having this good beginning, further negotiation may become very easy.

(2) Much as we would like to cooperate with you in expanding sales, we are regretful that we just cannot see our way clear to entertain your counter-offer, as the price we quote is quite realistic.

In this example, “much”, “just”, “see our way to” strengthen the effect of self-debasing. The word “realistic” is much better than “low” or “good”.

2.3 Agreement Maxim (Minimise disagreement, Maximise agreement)

When the two sides in the business meet transaction disputes, using Agreement Maxim can reduced differences and making negotiation continue smoothly. For instance:

(1) We do not deny that the quality of Chinese kernels is slightly better, but the difference in price should, in no case, be as big as ten percent.

In this example, the writer firstly recognized the quality of the goods, and then pointed out the price was unreasonable. The purpose is to find out point of agreement of both sides, reducing difficulty of negotiation.

(2) There are some discrepancies existing between the N／C stipulations and the terms of contract. For smooth effectuation of shipment，we shall appreciate your amending the N／C as follows:...

In this example, “for smooth effectuation of shipment” and “appreciate your amending” both play the rule of eliminating conflicts and making the negotiation goes well.

(3) While we appreciate your efforts in pushing the sale of our products, we very much regret that we are not in a position to offer you the desired quality, owing to excessive demand.

In this sentence, before talk about the regret, the writer thanks for the reader’s effort to sell foods, giving a face to the reader.

(4) We have no wish to embarrass you and if you can replace the materials we are prepared to allow the extension of delivery time.

In this example, the writer used some words to repair the might damage to the reader’s feeling.

2.4 Sympathy Maxim (Minimise antipathy, Maximise sympathy)

In the business communication, this maxim is usually used to show one’s sympathy to the loss side. And its function also reflected in complaints against each other, such as claims of a negative response on the content of messages. For instance:

(1)We are most anxious to compensate you for the shortage in weight mentioned in your letter of June 4, by offering you an allowance of 10 percent.

In this sentence, in order to express sympathy, the writer used “be anxious to” to emphasize the willing to compensate to the other side.

In the above six maxims, the Tact Maxim is the basic maxim. If we enlarge the definition of “cost” and “benefit”, besides the order or promise, the agreement and sympathy and conflict and disgust all can be seen the expression of “lost” or “benefit”. Then, the Tact Maxim can summarize them.So the application of Politeness Principle in business correspondence writing can be seen the application of Tact Maxim.

3. Conclusion

As the globalization of business, foreign trade is more important to companies. Business correspondence writing plays an important role in communication with business partners. All in all, the correspondence writing is not considered as a kind of routine but a face to face communication. So in the procedure of writing business correspondence, the writer should try his best to follow the Politeness Principle on the base of considering all factors which influence the effect. Only doing this, a favorable relationship between partners can be established.

References:

[1]. Leech, G. N. Principles of Pragmatics , London：Longman, 1983

篇4

關鍵詞(ci)：英語(yu)商(shang)務信函；書寫；策略(lve)

1 英語商務信函(han)的寫作意(yi)義

隨(sui)著世界經濟(ji)的(de)(de)快速發展和(he)全(quan)球一體化(hua)進程的(de)(de)加速，英(ying)語商務信(xin)函(han)扮(ban)演著越來越重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)角(jiao)色。在快節奏的(de)(de)現代商務活(huo)動中(zhong)，寫(xie)作商務信(xin)函(han)最直接的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)就是進行(xing)有效的(de)(de)溝通和(he)交流(liu)。它是國際商務往來最常用的(de)(de)聯系(xi)方式，也是對外貿易(yi)活(huo)動的(de)(de)載體。寫(xie)出(chu)一份準確嚴(yan)謹(jin)、簡潔明了、規范得體、彰顯個性(xing)的(de)(de)英(ying)語商務信(xin)函(han)不僅能夠(gou)促成交易(yi)的(de)(de)達(da)成，而且可以發展同客戶的(de)(de)良好關系(xi)，以及達(da)成新的(de)(de)業務方面起著積極(ji)的(de)(de)促進作用。

2 英(ying)語(yu)商務信函(han)書寫(xie)常出(chu)現的問題

2.1 詞匯錯誤

在(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)務英語信函(han)(han)的(de)(de)寫作中(zhong)(zhong)，同一(yi)個(ge)詞(ci)(ci)匯在(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)務中(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)完全不同的(de)(de)含義。 “credit “本意(yi)“信譽、聲望”，在(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)務中(zhong)(zhong)“信用證”。“offer” 提供(gong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)信函(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)"報(bao)價”。Promotion “提升“，在(zai)(zai)(zai)信函(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)”促(cu)銷“。Confirm “證明”，在(zai)(zai)(zai)信函(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)“保兌”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)信函(han)(han)寫作中(zhong)(zhong)，不要用其他詞(ci)(ci)代替(ti)信函(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)意(yi)思，嚴格(ge)遵守它的(de)(de)含義。

2.2 詞匯陳舊

S著時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展和進(jin)步(bu)，商(shang)務(wu)(wu)英(ying)語(yu)詞匯的(de)(de)(de)規模在不斷(duan)擴大。國際經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)展和計算機技術的(de)(de)(de)高度發(fa)(fa)達(da)，許許多(duo)多(duo)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)英(ying)語(yu)詞匯應(ying)運而生。“a going concern，” 盈利(li)企(qi)業(ye)。”a leap in the dark “ 冒險舉動。這些新的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)詞匯的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)，為(wei)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)英(ying)語(yu)信函的(de)(de)(de)交流提供了便(bian)利(li)。在寫作(zuo)中(zhong)，要不斷(duan)地跟上時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，與(yu)時(shi)俱進(jin)，更(geng)新詞匯，保持商(shang)務(wu)(wu)信函的(de)(de)(de)新鮮度，與(yu)世(shi)界接軌。

2.3 主動語態多

在商務(wu)信函中，被動語(yu)(yu)態使(shi)(shi)用較(jiao)(jiao)多。為了使(shi)(shi)信函的(de)表達(da)準確無誤，嚴謹周密，不引起歧義，提高(gao)交流的(de)效率，使(shi)(shi)用了大(da)量的(de)被動語(yu)(yu)態。主動語(yu)(yu)態是(shi)(shi)表示(shi)主語(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)謂語(yu)(yu)動作的(de)使(shi)(shi)動方的(de)語(yu)(yu)態，信函中有時動作的(de)參與者和發出者是(shi)(shi)誰不清(qing)晰，主動語(yu)(yu)態使(shi)(shi)用較(jiao)(jiao)少。

3 解決途徑

3.1 書寫層面

（1）大寫

在英語(yu)產(chan)品介紹信函和產(chan)品推銷(xiao)信函中(zhong)，為了給讀者留下深(shen)刻印象達(da)到過(guo)目不忘，產(chan)品名稱的(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)字(zi)母大(da)寫。In the brochures， MOUNTAIN 10 is very useful for the kitchen.另外(wai)，為了突出產(chan)品特(te)點，吸引(yin)客戶眼球(qiu)，使讀者快(kuai)速(su)抓住(zhu)重點，迅速(su)做出決定，交易馬上(shang)達(da)成，表達(da)產(chan)品特(te)點的(de)(de)詞組所(suo)有(you)字(zi)母也大(da)寫。CONVENIENT AND ECONOMICAL .

（2）逗號

在英語商務信(xin)函中，逗號(hao)使用(yong)較多。逗號(hao)用(yong)在復句內各分句之間的(de)(de)停(ting)頓，用(yong)逗號(hao)隔開(kai)表達(da)了不同的(de)(de)意思，又(you)糅合在一個完整的(de)(de)句子里，避免(mian)意思含混不清，幫助讀(du)者正(zheng)確理解(jie)信(xin)函內容，順暢做成交易，避免(mian)誤入歧異。

（3）冒號

在英語商務信函中，冒(mao)號的使用(yong)(yong)常用(yong)(yong)來引(yin)導下文(wen)。Quantity： 1000cases. Payment ： by L/C.商務信函需要用(yong)(yong)簡(jian)潔明了(le)的語言表達(da)內(nei)容，冒(mao)號引(yin)導下文(wen)節約了(le)字數和空間，讀(du)者(zhe)簡(jian)易(yi)輕(qing)松理解大意，快捷抓住內(nei)容核心，節省了(le)時(shi)間，方便了(le)業務。

3.2 詞匯層面

（1）古詞

在英(ying)(ying)(ying)語商務(wu)信函(han)(han)中(zhong)，古詞(ci)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用具有(you)鮮明的(de)(de)文體特點-莊重、嚴(yan)(yan)肅(su)、正式(shi)。We hereby mail one catalogue.恰當使(shi)(shi)用英(ying)(ying)(ying)語古詞(ci)提升整篇信函(han)(han)的(de)(de)莊重性和嚴(yan)(yan)肅(su)性，英(ying)(ying)(ying)語商務(wu)信函(han)(han)代表企(qi)業(ye)或公司的(de)(de)形(xing)象，商談業(ye)務(wu)涉(she)及(ji)企(qi)業(ye)之(zhi)間巨大(da)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益，嚴(yan)(yan)肅(su)認(ren)真的(de)(de)態(tai)度是商務(wu)信函(han)(han)必備的(de)(de)態(tai)度，古詞(ci)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用表明了其(qi)特點。

（2） 數詞

在英語(yu)商務信函(han)中，準確的數(shu)字對(dui)于雙方貿易上的交往成功非(fei)常關鍵。A discount 5%.數(shu)字的使(shi)用不能有半點(dian)馬虎隨意(yi)，否則會造(zao)成重大經濟損失和虧本(ben)，有時直(zhi)接影響(xiang)到公司的聲譽，產生法律(lv)糾紛。

（3）形容詞

在英語(yu)商(shang)務(wu)信函中，積極(ji)樂觀的詞可以給客戶帶來(lai)身(shen)心(xin)愉悅之感。快樂高興的心(xin)態對于(yu)商(shang)務(wu)交(jiao)(jiao)往非常重要(yao)和關鍵(jian)。順(shun)利(li)達成交(jiao)(jiao)易和成功奠定業(ye)務(wu)基礎(chu)為未來(lai)的貿(mao)易往來(lai)打(da)下(xia)了牢固的基礎(chu)。Glad， excited， suitable， convenient， pleased.這(zhe)些詞對商(shang)務(wu)交(jiao)(jiao)易達成起著積極(ji)的作(zuo)用(yong)。

3.3 句法層面

（1）虛擬語氣

在英語商(shang)務信函中，良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)溝通和(he)交(jiao)流非(fei)常(chang)重要，保證了(le)整(zheng)個商(shang)業業務流暢進(jin)行和(he)運作(zuo)。使用虛擬語氣委婉含(han)蓄，商(shang)討交(jiao)流的(de)(de)余地(di)較大，對方(fang)容易(yi)接受。If you could consider， I would appreciate it.這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)交(jiao)流語氣，有(you)利(li)于維護雙方(fang)的(de)(de)合作(zuo)關(guan)系和(he)保持良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)友誼。

（2）被動語態

英(ying)語商(shang)務信函(han)被動語態(tai)使用較多(duo)。Your goods has been delivered to another company.它是商(shang)務業務往來通信， 表達上(shang)需(xu)要準確和(he)規范(fan)；措辭(ci)和(he)語氣(qi)上(shang)需(xu)要禮貌委(wei)婉，嚴謹周(zhou)密。信函(han)涉及(ji)雙方權利和(he)義務，可作為(wei)解決雙方爭(zheng)端的法律依據(ju)。

（3）復合句

英語商(shang)務(wu)信函對簡(jian)潔性和嚴(yan)(yan)謹性都(dou)有一定的(de)(de)要求，為了保證嚴(yan)(yan)密的(de)(de)邏輯性和信函的(de)(de)正式性，信函需要復合(he)句(ju)As this falls within the scope， we are desirous to establish relation with B.復合(he)句(ju)結構復雜，表(biao)達嚴(yan)(yan)謹周密，商(shang)務(wu)信函中，復合(he)句(ju)使(shi)用(yong)較多(duo)。

3.4 語篇層面

（1）省略

英語(yu)商(shang)務信函具有“節約經(jing)濟(ji)”特點，雙方繁(fan)忙(mang)的(de)業務交往需(xu)要快捷簡(jian)潔交流，為了(le)避免繁(fan)瑣(suo)，信函中常(chang)用省略。同時盡速(su)突出新的(de)商(shang)務信息，緊湊(cou)銜接語(yu)篇(pian)。We hope this shipment will be examined by more（shipment ）.

（2）重復

重(zhong)復(fu)指某(mou)個語言成分多次出現的現象。在英語商務信函中，為了突出致函方的意圖，加深(shen)閱(yue)讀(du)者對(dui)這(zhe)一主題(ti)的印象，希望對(dui)方引(yin)起關注和重(zhong)視。We have trouble in shipment.the trouble is the cargo.

（3） 連接

在(zai)英語商務(wu)信(xin)函(han)中， 表示時間、因果、轉折(zhe)、遞進、并列、條件等連(lian)接(jie)詞(ci)的使用體現了(le)信(xin)函(han)的邏輯(ji)性(xing)和連(lian)貫性(xing)。這些連(lian)接(jie)詞(ci)的前后關系(xi)非常緊密，巧妙(miao)銜接(jie)前后兩(liang)部分(fen)內容，讀者清晰(xi)知道信(xin)函(han)內容，有效提(ti)高(gao)了(le)信(xin)函(han)語篇(pian)的粘結(jie)度。As soon as， as， therefore， when， where， so that 等。

4 結束語

作(zuo)為當今社會(hui)活動不可缺的(de)(de)一分子，英語(yu)商務信(xin)肩負(fu)著建立貿易(yi)關系、溝通商務信(xin)息、塑造商務形象(xiang)的(de)(de)社會(hui)職能。它代表(biao)公(gong)司形象(xiang)，是公(gong)司的(de)(de)臉面，是企業對外公(gong)共宣(xuan)傳(chuan)關系中的(de)(de)重(zhong)要手(shou)段，對于(yu)公(gong)司樹立良好的(de)(de)形象(xiang)極(ji)為重(zhong)要。希望(wang)寫作(zuo)策略(lve)的(de)(de)研究使(shi)英語(yu)愛好者能夠(gou)深入了解其特點，學習寫英文商務信(xin)函，提高英語(yu)寫作(zuo)能力，增長(chang)見識，開闊視野，更好服務于(yu)經(jing)濟社會(hui)。

參考文獻：

1.梁樹新.現代國際商(shang)務信函[M].北京(jing)：人民(min)郵電出(chu)版(ban)社，2008.

2.李海芳.ESP理論視角下商務英語語言特點的探(tan)[J].華章，2013，9（17）：205-206.

3.錢瑗.實(shi)用(yong)英語(yu)文體學[M].北(bei)京： 北(bei)京師范大學出版社，1991.

4.張學芳.基于商務英語的語言特(te)點談商務英語翻譯技巧[J]. 才智，2014，7（21）： 271-272.

篇5

中圖分類號：H315文(wen)(wen)獻標識(shi)碼(ma)：A文(wen)(wen)章編碼(ma)：1003-2738（2012）03-0237-02

摘要：商務(wu)(wu)英(ying)語(yu)信(xin)函是國(guo)際貿易(yi)中交(jiao)易(yi)雙方進行信(xin)息(xi)溝(gou)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要方式，它撰寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)好與(yu)壞對于一個企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形象和業(ye)務(wu)(wu)有(you)很重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。商務(wu)(wu)英(ying)語(yu)信(xin)函的(de)(de)(de)(de)寫作(zuo)是有(you)規可(ke)循的(de)(de)(de)(de)，遵(zun)循原則和使用合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技巧(qiao)是完成一個商務(wu)(wu)英(ying)語(yu)信(xin)函的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個重(zhong)要方面。

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：禮貌原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)；體諒原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)；完(wan)整(zheng)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)；清(qing)楚原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)

商(shang)務英(ying)語(yu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)是(shi)一種常用的(de)商(shang)務英(ying)語(yu)應(ying)用文，商(shang)務英(ying)語(yu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)的(de)內容(rong)固然很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)，但(dan)表達(da)方式也同樣重(zhong)要(yao)。商(shang)務英(ying)語(yu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)的(de)寫(xie)作是(shi)有一定(ding)規范的(de)，即(ji)應(ying)遵循(xun)一定(ding)的(de)寫(xie)作原則，采用一些寫(xie)作技巧，從(cong)而使商(shang)務信(xin)(xin)函(han)表意準確，語(yu)言(yan)流(liu)暢，更易于(yu)貿易雙方的(de)溝通與理解。

一、商務英(ying)語信函的寫作原則

商務英語(yu)信函的寫作包括四個原(yuan)(yuan)則：禮貌原(yuan)(yuan)則、體(ti)諒原(yuan)(yuan)則、完整原(yuan)(yuan)則以及(ji)清除原(yuan)(yuan)則。

（一）禮貌原則。

1.使用(yong) you-attitude。對方觀點(dian)：首先，它表明作(zuo)者站在讀者的(de)角度看問題(ti)，體現(xian)(xian)作(zuo)者對讀者利(li)益的(de)真摯的(de)關(guan)(guan)懷、尊(zun)重和(he)敬意，維(wei)護對方的(de)積極(ji)面子，構建和(he)諧的(de)關(guan)(guan)系；其次，you-attitude體現(xian)(xian)一種(zhong)寫作(zuo)風格(ge)，用(yong)積極(ji)的(de)方式，樂(le)觀的(de)態度和(he)愉(yu)快的(de)口吻表達觀點(dian)。

2.使(shi)用we。包容性詞匯(hui)“we”很適合(he)表達(da)禮貌，維護讀(du)者的面子。但作者使(shi)用we時，他實際上是強調“you”和(he)“me”，更能表達(da)合(he)作的意愿(yuan)或考慮的是雙方共同的利益(yi)。

3.使用積極的(de)(de)詞匯。在(zai)書寫商業信函(han)時，作者可以運用一些積極詞匯表達其對(dui)讀者的(de)(de)關心，體現(xian)出(chu)維護讀者的(de)(de)積極面子。這樣(yang)可以激發寫信人和讀者的(de)(de)共(gong)識，鞏固(gu)雙方(fang)合作關系。這些積極詞匯可包(bao)括(kuo)很(hen)多(duo)，如(ru)感(gan)謝、贊(zan)揚(yang)、認同、同情(qing)、承諾、樂觀等(deng)。

4.使用原(yuan)因狀(zhuang)語從(cong)句(ju)。提問或解釋原(yuan)因是表(biao)達禮貌(mao)的方式，它表(biao)明說話(hua)者想積(ji)極的將聽(ting)者拉到談話(hua)氛圍中來，暗示說話(hua)者可以(yi)幫助聽(ting)者，或者反之，由此體現雙(shuang)方合作愿景。

5.使(shi)用主動語態(tai)。主動語態(tai)將施(shi)為(wei)者(zhe)置于句(ju)子開(kai)頭，直接(jie)傳達施(shi)為(wei)者(zhe)或作者(zhe)的(de)(de)善意，滿足讀者(zhe)積(ji)極面子，由此實(shi)現禮(li)貌的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

篇6

[關(guan)鍵(jian)詞]商務信函；商務溝通(tong)；寫(xie)作(zuo)原則(ze)；寫(xie)作(zuo)技(ji)巧(qiao)

[中(zhong)圖分類號(hao)]F275.3 [文獻標識(shi)碼]A [文章(zhang)編號(hao)]1005-6432(2008)45-0158-02

1引言

改革(ge)開(kai)放以(yi)(yi)來，特別是(shi)加(jia)(jia)入世界(jie)貿易(yi)組織以(yi)(yi)后，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)與世界(jie)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)經濟交(jiao)往日益頻繁，對外(wai)經濟合作日漸(jian)加(jia)(jia)強。因此，培養(yang)一大批(pi)既(ji)熟(shu)練掌握(wo)外(wai)語，又通曉國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)知識，并善于進行(xing)跨文化交(jiao)際(ji)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)人才(cai)(cai)已(yi)成當務(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)急(ji)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)人員必備的(de)(de)諸(zhu)多技(ji)能(neng)中，商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)寫(xie)(xie)作是(shi)其(qi)中一項(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)技(ji)能(neng)，也是(shi)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)活動(dong)得以(yi)(yi)順利開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)保證。一封好的(de)(de)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(business letter)能(neng)夠在(zai)(zai)(zai)促進貿易(yi)、增進友誼和獲得完(wan)全(quan)理(li)解(jie)方面起(qi)到(dao)非常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)作用。只有(you)完(wan)美傳達信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)才(cai)(cai)是(shi)完(wan)美的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。因此，在(zai)(zai)(zai)寫(xie)(xie)作時(shi)嚴格(ge)遵(zun)守并且靈活運(yun)用7“C”原(yuan)則是(shi)必不可少的(de)(de)：Consideration(體(ti)(ti)諒)、Correctness(正確)、Completeness(完(wan)整)、Concreteness(具體(ti)(ti))、Conciseness(簡潔)、Clarity(清楚)、Courtesy(禮貌)。這七(qi)個原(yuan)則是(shi)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)寫(xie)(xie)作最(zui)基本的(de)(de)指導原(yuan)則。同時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)寫(xie)(xie)作中，要(yao)掌握(wo)一定的(de)(de)寫(xie)(xie)作技(ji)巧，才(cai)(cai)能(neng)順利完(wan)成商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)。

2現代采(cai)購信函的特點

2.1現代采購信(xin)函(han)應該是“索取函(han)”

它(ta)索(suo)取(qu)的(de)可能(neng)是(shi)一種產(chan)品，一項服務(wu)(wu)，一項專利(li)，一個觀念……因(yin)此，在(zai)寫作時候，要牢記你(ni)是(shi)在(zai)與(yu)(yu)讀者(zhe)(zhe)進行交談。這種交談成功與(yu)(yu)否(fou)，你(ni)的(de)目的(de)是(shi)否(fou)實現，關鍵(jian)取(qu)決于商務(wu)(wu)信函中信息的(de)表達方式和內容。如何把你(ni)的(de)思想，清晰、準確地表達給“讀者(zhe)(zhe)”，產(chan)生情感(gan)上(shang)的(de)共鳴(ming)是(shi)商務(wu)(wu)信函的(de)首(shou)要任務(wu)(wu)。

2.2現代采購商務(wu)信函的寫(xie)作要重點(dian)突(tu)出，簡明扼(e)要

“時間就是金錢，效率(lv)就是生命”，商務信(xin)函(han)要盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)地(di)避免使(shi)用花(hua)哨、華麗的(de)詞藻。因(yin)此，商務信(xin)函(han)的(de)寫(xie)作，首(shou)先，要把握簡(jian)潔(jie)、扼要的(de)特(te)點(dian)。其次，掌握好(hao)簡(jian)潔(jie)的(de)表達(da)內容(rong)與有(you)效率(lv)的(de)分寸。如果(guo)在書寫(xie)商務信(xin)函(han)時，開頭就唐突地(di)說出交易需(xu)求，也(ye)會顯得冒(mao)昧而令對方不明所(suo)以(yi)(yi)。最后，好(hao)的(de)商務信(xin)函(han)還應體現以(yi)(yi)下特(te)點(dian)：易讀(du)易懂，語氣(qi)真誠友好(hao)、客(ke)氣(qi)，評閱(yue)簡(jian)短、樸實，自然或生動、有(you)趣(qu)、有(you)吸(xi)引(yin)力，內容(rong)清(qing)晰、準確(que)、具體行文正確(que)、完(wan)整、不花(hua)哨。

3現代(dai)采購信函(han)的(de)寫作(zuo)原則

3.1體諒

體諒(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)發(fa)(fa)信(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和收(shou)信(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之間(jian)保(bao)持(chi)進一步聯系至關重要。發(fa)(fa)信(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)應盡可能從(cong)收(shou)信(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)立場來考慮問(wen)題(ti)，在分(fen)析(xi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)方(fang)會如(ru)(ru)何理解(jie)信(xin)息的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，提供(gong)(gong)其(qi)所需(xu)要的(de)(de)立場來考慮問(wen)題(ti)，在分(fen)析(xi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)方(fang)會如(ru)(ru)何理解(jie)信(xin)息的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，提供(gong)(gong)其(qi)所需(xu)要的(de)(de)信(xin)息。簡(jian)言之，體諒(liang)就是要做到為(wei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)方(fang)著想，移情于(yu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)方(fang)，在人(ren)(ren)(ren)性層面上來理解(jie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)方(fang)。此外，體諒(liang)意(yi)味著要堅持(chi)用(yong)肯(ken)定(ding)而(er)非否(fou)定(ding)的(de)(de)態(tai)(tai)(tai)度，要強調“你(ni)”的(de)(de)態(tai)(tai)(tai)度而(er)不是“我(wo)”的(de)(de)或“我(wo)們”的(de)(de)態(tai)(tai)(tai)度。

3.2正確

現(xian)代商(shang)務(wu)信函(han)必須(xu)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)正確(que)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)其牽涉(she)到雙方的(de)(de)(de)(de)權利和義務(wu)，而且它(ta)還(huan)是商(shang)業(ye)單(dan)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)憑證。正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)務(wu)信函(han)不僅(jin)表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)語法恰當(dang)、標點符號和詞匯拼寫正確(que)，還(huan)要求敘述正確(que)、提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)事實和數字(zi)無(wu)誤、寫作格(ge)式規(gui)范、技巧運用恰當(dang)以(yi)及(ji)商(shang)業(ye)術(shu)語正確(que)。

3.3完整

現代商(shang)務信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)必須力(li)求完整，要包括寫(xie)信(xin)(xin)人(ren)希望收(shou)信(xin)(xin)人(ren)作出積極反應的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切情況，或是回答來信(xin)(xin)所提出的(de)(de)(de)全部問題和要求。一(yi)封完整的(de)(de)(de)現代商(shang)務信(xin)(xin)函(han)(han)不僅可能會帶來預期的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)，還可能建(jian)立起更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)務關系。

3.4具體

現代商(shang)務(wu)信(xin)函必須寫得生動、具(ju)體和明確，要避免采用模糊、大概和抽象(xiang)的詞語(yu)和語(yu)句(ju)。在寫現代商(shang)務(wu)信(xin)函的過(guo)程中，應盡量運用具(ju)體的事實和數字，選擇形象(xiang)的及通過(guo)想象(xiang)所創造的字和詞語(yu)，一(yi)般使用主(zhu)動語(yu)態(tai)來陳述內容(rong)。

3.5簡潔

所謂簡(jian)潔，就是(shi)指要言簡(jian)意賅地表達(da)所需表達(da)的(de)(de)(de)意思，同(tong)時又無損于(yu)書(shu)信的(de)(de)(de)完整和禮貌。在書(shu)寫英文現(xian)代商(shang)(shang)務信函時，要摒棄那些(xie)陳舊的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)業術語，做到簡(jian)潔明了。通(tong)過去掉不必要的(de)(de)(de)詞和冗長的(de)(de)(de)句(ju)子，保留有效、簡(jian)潔的(de)(de)(de)事實信息，就可把最重要的(de)(de)(de)信息呈現(xian)給對(dui)方(fang)。

3.6清楚

采購商務信(xin)函應(ying)使(shi)(shi)讀者一(yi)目了然，沒有晦澀難懂或容易產生誤會之處。在(zai)確定了所要寫的內容后，選擇使(shi)(shi)用(yong)簡短、熟(shu)悉和口語(yu)化的詞(ci)語(yu)，構建簡單、有效的句子(zi)和段落(luo)來(lai)清楚地表達(da)目的，避免使(shi)(shi)用(yong)產生歧異或意義(yi)不明確的詞(ci)匯。如有需要，可以使(shi)(shi)用(yong)樣例、插圖以及其他在(zai)視覺上有助于理解的東西。

3.7禮貌

禮貌在(zai)采購商(shang)務(wu)(wu)信函中有其特殊而豐富的(de)內涵。一封禮貌的(de)信函可(ke)以加深與目前客戶(hu)的(de)業務(wu)(wu)關系，也(ye)有助于結交新的(de)業務(wu)(wu)伙伴。在(zai)現代商(shang)務(wu)(wu)信函的(de)寫作過程中，及時是(shi)禮貌之首。此(ci)外，在(zai)撰寫商(shang)務(wu)(wu)信函時，應避免使用可(ke)能激怒、傷害對(dui)方(fang)的(de)言(yan)詞(ci)或語(yu)氣，語(yu)調(diao)上要盡可(ke)能站(zhan)在(zai)客戶(hu)的(de)立場(chang)上，考(kao)慮到對(dui)方(fang)的(de)愿望和背景，做到互惠互利。

4現(xian)代采購信函的寫作技巧

4.1多(duo)使用主動語態

主動語態能夠更自(zi)然和準確地表(biao)達寫信人(ren)的(de)本意，收信人(ren)會(hui)覺得(de)更生動，并(bing)有一(yi)種面對面談話的(de)親切感。

以下樣函(han)采用過(guo)多被動句式，顯(xian)得軟弱乏味：Please be advised that the L/C should be opened by the end of May. Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated.

如果改成(cheng)主動語態，就能營造出友善(shan)和靈活的氣氛：Could you please open the L/C by the end of May? Thanks.

4.2使(shi)用淺白、通俗易(yi)懂的詞(ci)匯，避(bi)免使(shi)用艱深晦澀的詞(ci)匯

商務英語(yu)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)艱深晦澀(se)的(de)(de)詞匯，不(bu)會讓書信顯得正(zheng)式、嚴肅，反而會令收信人閱讀(du)過程延長(chang)，理解出現偏差，難以(yi)迅速準確地回復。英語(yu)是(shi)全球通用(yong)的(de)(de)語(yu)言，為(wei)確保(bao)不(bu)同(tong)國家的(de)(de)人士明白書信的(de)(de)意(yi)思，應多(duo)使(shi)用(yong)通用(yong)的(de)(de)詞匯，以(yi)達到自然(ran)順暢(chang)，撰寫快捷，簡(jian)潔明了，又不(bu)失商業味(wei)道(dao)的(de)(de)效果。

4.3提(ti)問要客氣、直截了當，避免使用含糊(hu)、過于古舊、迂腐的語言

客氣明了地提出(chu)問題，不但給人(ren)親切感，更令收(shou)(shou)信人(ren)產生(sheng)需要回(hui)答的(de)心態。并且，直截了當的(de)詢問能便于收(shou)(shou)信人(ren)回(hui)復。

4.4力求(qiu)正(zheng)面肯定地談論問題，避(bi)免使用讓(rang)收信(xin)人反感的詞(ci)語

寫信(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)要顧及收(shou)信(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的感(gan)受和要求，盡量(liang)從正面與對方討論(lun)問題(ti)。避(bi)免(mian)使用(yong)如：fail,wrong,inadequate, stupid 等詞語，這些詞語給人(ren)(ren)(ren)一種居高臨(lin)下的教訓感(gan)覺，甚至涉及侮(wu)辱人(ren)(ren)(ren)格，容易使收(shou)信(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)產(chan)生反(fan)感(gan)。

5結束語

采購(gou)是(shi)貿易過程(cheng)中重要的(de)一個(ge)環節。寫(xie)(xie)好采購(gou)商(shang)(shang)務信(xin)函是(shi)進行現代商(shang)(shang)務溝(gou)通的(de)一個(ge)重要的(de)技能。要完美傳達采購(gou)商(shang)(shang)務信(xin)息(xi)，寫(xie)(xie)信(xin)人必(bi)須(xu)堅(jian)持(chi)現代商(shang)(shang)務書信(xin)寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)七大原則(ze)。在(zai)具體(ti)的(de)商(shang)(shang)務信(xin)函的(de)寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中，寫(xie)(xie)信(xin)人還(huan)必(bi)須(xu)靈活運用各種寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)技巧，體(ti)現出商(shang)(shang)務書信(xin)的(de)寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)風格，只有這樣，順利的(de)商(shang)(shang)務溝(gou)通才(cai)能完成。

參考文獻：

[1]管春林.國際商務英語(yu)寫(xie)作[M].杭(hang)州:浙江(jiang)大學(xue)出版社,2006:8.

[2]葛(ge)萍,周維家.外貿英語函電(雙語)[M].上海(hai):復旦大學出版(ban)社,2007:2.

篇7

［關鍵詞］商(shang)務英(ying)語信(xin)函(han)；文體特征

［中圖分類號］G623.31［文獻標識碼］A［文章(zhang)編號］2095-3283(2013)07-0138-02

一、 商務英語信函的(de)結構和格式

作為一種正式的(de)(de)文(wen)體，商(shang)務英語信(xin)函的(de)(de)結(jie)構，主要包括信(xin)頭(tou)（Letter Head）﹑寫(xie)(xie)信(xin)日期（Date Line）﹑封(feng)內地(di)址（Inside Address）﹑稱(cheng)呼(hu)（Salutation）﹑正文(wen)（Body of the Letter）﹑結(jie)尾(wei)敬語（Complimentary Close）﹑簽名（Signature）等幾個標(biao)準部(bu)分，除了這(zhe)幾個必要部(bu)分以外，有時候還會包括附件（Enclosure）﹑再啟（Postscript）﹑經辦(ban)人名稱(cheng)（Attention Line）﹑事由（Subject Line）﹑參考編號（Reference Number）﹑抄送（Carbon Copy，簡寫(xie)(xie)為CC）﹑姓(xing)名字首縮(suo)寫(xie)(xie)（Name Initials）等特別部(bu)分，這(zhe)幾個部(bu)分可(ke)以根據寫(xie)(xie)信(xin)的(de)(de)具體情況進行增減（諸葛(ge)霖，2007）。

二、詞匯特征

（一）縮略語（Abbreviation）的頻繁使用

縮略語(yu)和相關商(shang)業術(shu)語(yu)的(de)大(da)量使用(yong)是商(shang)務英(ying)語(yu)的(de)一個(ge)突出特色，營造了一種專業的(de)商(shang)務語(yu)境，言(yan)簡(jian)意賅(gai)，便于大(da)家更加簡(jian)潔方便的(de)溝(gou)通。

如(ru)：WTO（World Trade Organization）世(shi)界貿易組織

L/C（Letter of Credit）信用(yong)證

F.B（freight bill）運費賬(zhang)單

CERT（certificate）證(zheng)明

（二）準(zhun)確具體的表達

商務(wu)環境下的(de)(de)語言交流強調(diao)效率，體現在詞語的(de)(de)使用上(shang)就要做到具(ju)體明確(que)，避免表意不(bu)明，更不(bu)能拐彎抹角(jiao)，這樣(yang)才能達到更好的(de)(de)溝通(tong)效果(guo)。例如：

模棱(leng)兩可：We hope the machines could be shipped as soon as possible.

準確具體：We hope the machines could be shipped before 24th December.

（三(san)）多使用日常(chang)詞匯

商(shang)務(wu)英語信函中避免使用陳腐(fu)、艱深的詞匯，商(shang)務(wu)信函的宗旨在(zai)于以最簡潔明了的語言傳(chuan)達最有效的信息（諸(zhu)葛(ge)霖，2007）。

e.g.艱深晦澀：You may peruse the contract and find the solution.

通(tong)俗(su)易懂：You may read the contract and find the solution.

（四）多使用單個(ge)詞(ci)語

商務信函中(zhong)要盡量使用單個詞匯代替(ti)詞組(zu)、短語和從句，如：

冗長的(de)表達：對應的(de)簡潔表達：

Take into consideration Consider

At this moment Now

In the near future Soon

Due to the fact that Because

又如：

In the event that you speak to Mr.Wood in regard to production，ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule.

If you speak to Mr.Wood about production，ask him to consider the delivery schedule.

從(cong)兩句的對(dui)比中(zhong)可以很清楚地(di)看到第二句更加(jia)簡潔明了，能以最有(you)效的方式傳達信息。

三、句法特征

不同于其他文學類文體講究文采、重視辭藻(zao)的特點(dian)，商務英語信函重在最有效(xiao)傳達(da)最必要的信息，因而所(suo)使用的語言更加簡潔準確(que)、清晰明了(le)。

（一）套話

商務英語(yu)(yu)信(xin)函中(zhong)會出(chu)現很多套話，或者被稱作“語(yu)(yu)塊”。商務英語(yu)(yu)信(xin)函語(yu)(yu)言的地道(dao)性和真實性就體現于商務英語(yu)(yu)信(xin)函的語(yu)(yu)言具有(you)語(yu)(yu)塊性特(te)征(zheng)，即表現在(zai)長期實踐中(zhong)形成的大量(liang)固定(ding)的文句及專業(ye)用語(yu)(yu)（周正鐘，劉志聰(cong)，2007）。如：

在(zai)信函的開頭(tou)清(qing)楚的點明來信目(mu)的：

I am writing to confirm that…

在信函結尾表(biao)明(ming)希望盡(jin)早得(de)到(dao)回復(fu)的期待：

We look forward to your early reply.

希望對方能夠滿足提出的要(yao)求：

We would be very grateful if you could / we would greatly appreciate it if you could …

在回復對方來(lai)信的時候，回信的開頭往往會出現以下(xia)的表(biao)達：

We are in receipt of your letter dated 16th September and，as requested，are sending you our latest catalogue and sample books for the Printed Shirting.

“in receipt of”，“letter dated…”，“as requested”這些(xie)都是回復對(dui)方(fang)(fang)來信(xin)時(shi)常用的(de)(de)表達，指出收到(dao)對(dui)方(fang)(fang)具(ju)體哪(na)次的(de)(de)來信(xin)，以便對(dui)方(fang)(fang)在繁多的(de)(de)商務信(xin)函中快(kuai)速區分出對(dui)應的(de)(de)那一封，同時(shi)開門見山地回應對(dui)方(fang)(fang)上(shang)次來信(xin)提出的(de)(de)要(yao)求，簡潔的(de)(de)語言清楚地傳達了必要(yao)的(de)(de)信(xin)息。

（二）多使用肯定表達語(yu)氣

以肯定(ding)語(yu)氣傳(chuan)達的(de)信息更(geng)容易產生積極正(zheng)面(mian)的(de)效應(ying)，從而更(geng)易讓(rang)對方接(jie)受。反之，否定(ding)語(yu)氣更(geng)容易造成消極負面(mian)的(de)情緒，可能引(yin)起不必要(yao)的(de)溝(gou)通障礙。即使無法避免，也應(ying)盡量少(shao)地(di)使用否定(ding)詞，并且委婉(wan)的(de)傳(chuan)達，在語(yu)氣上(shang)讓(rang)對方感到充分的(de)尊重，如：

We can not offer you any refunds because the goods you returned had not remained clean and usable.

You could obtain a refund if the goods you returned had remained clean and usable.

第一(yi)句表達直(zhi)露，語氣居高臨下，而第二句從對方(fang)的得失出(chu)發(fa)，婉轉的表達了拒絕的語氣。

四、篇章布局特征

（一(yi)）連貫(guan)詞的使用(yong)

商務(wu)信函的(de)篇章結構、段落關(guan)系、句(ju)子(zi)與句(ju)子(zi)間(jian)都有著(zhu)明(ming)晰的(de)邏輯關(guan)系，它們之間(jian)通(tong)過各種連貫(guan)詞(ci)貫(guan)穿(chuan)起來(lai)，可使接(jie)受(shou)者更明(ming)晰地接(jie)受(shou)信息。如(ru)表示(shi)(shi)補充(chong)說明(ming)的(de)in addition，moreover，furthermore；表示(shi)(shi)轉折(zhe)關(guan)系的(de)however，otherwise，on the contrary；表示(shi)(shi)因果關(guan)系的(de)due to…，therefore，as a result（of）；表示(shi)(shi)舉例的(de)for example，for instance，such as…；表示(shi)(shi)比較的(de)similarly，compared with；表示(shi)(shi)概(gai)括歸納的(de)in brief，in summary，in conclusion等。

（二）邏輯性

商務(wu)英語(yu)信函(han)(han)段落(luo)寫作(zuo)的一(yi)個(ge)基本原(yuan)則就是“one paragraph，one idea”，即一(yi)個(ge)段落(luo)一(yi)個(ge)中心(xin)要(yao)點，讓接受(shou)者能以最快(kuai)速度找到(dao)所需要(yao)信息(xi)，提高工作(zuo)效(xiao)率（羨錫彪，2009）。下文是很簡(jian)短的一(yi)封(feng)商務(wu)信函(han)(han)：

Dear Prof.Wang Ping

Thank you for asking us to estimate the cost of printing your manuscripts.It is our pleasure to serve you.

You letter specified that the manuscripts are 50 pages long and printed on A4 white paper.You need 50 copies.

We have 2 estimates for you to choose from：10 a copy with an ordinary cover，or 12 a copy with a specially designed cover.

We are looking forward to the pleasure of hearing from you again soon.

以上例文中，第(di)一段(duan)感(gan)謝對(dui)方(fang)的詢盤，第(di)二段(duan)確認對(dui)方(fang)咨詢的內容，第(di)三(san)段(duan)給出我方(fang)報價(jia)，第(di)四段(duan)進一步表達與(yu)對(dui)方(fang)建立商務(wu)往來的愿望。每個段(duan)落相當簡(jian)短，條(tiao)理非(fei)常清楚，既包含了所有(you)必要信(xin)息，也不(bu)浪費對(dui)方(fang)的閱讀時間。

（三）視覺輔助

為了清楚(chu)明(ming)了，一目了然(ran)地傳達信(xin)函內(nei)容，商務英語信(xin)函中(zhong)往往在列(lie)舉要(yao)點的(de)時(shi)候用到(dao)一些視覺輔(fu)助的(de)手段，如Bullet points，tables，highlights等，每個要(yao)點只列(lie)舉最核心的(de)詞(ci)語，短語或者簡短的(de)句子，使要(yao)點明(ming)晰。

五、You-Attitude原則(ze)

無論是什么(me)形式的商務英語信函寫作，都需要體現一個(ge)很重要的原(yuan)則：“You-Attitude”。也就是處處為對方著想，讓對方感(gan)到親切，與對方拉近距(ju)離，使其感(gan)覺到要傳達(da)的信息(xi)更易于(yu)接受。

這一原則不僅(jin)體現在(zai)語言(yan)的(de)選擇上，如：

“we-attitude”：We must receive your receipt before we can process your refund.

“You-attitude”：Please enclose the sales receipt，so that we can process your refund promptly.

該原(yuan)則同時也(ye)體現(xian)在篇章段落結構上，比如針對不同寫作目的(de)的(de)信函，段落的(de)架構會(hui)不一樣，這其中也(ye)體現(xian)著“You-Attitude”的(de)原(yuan)則。

［參考文獻］

篇8

關鍵詞：模糊語言； 商務英語信函(han)； 積極作用； 消極作用

一、 Introduction

This paper aims to study vague language in business English letters， and discuss when people use vague language and why people use vague language on actual contexts. At the same time， we also learn the active functions and negative functions which are the vague language in business English letters causing. Based on the two functions， we discuss how to use vague language and avoid negative function in the business English letters.

（一(yi)） Introduction to the study

L.A.Zadeh， a professor of California University and an expert of Cybernetics， first put forward his concept and theory of fuzzy sets in 1965. From then on， there are many studies on vague language. Linguists reach a common sense that vague language plays a significant role in human communication. English linguist Channel （2000：194） claims that "whether one can properly use vague language shows one's language performance， because vague language is an inseparable part of language communication." A Chinese linguist Wu Tieping first brought vagueness into China and then his first Investigation of Fuzzy Linguistics came to the public in 1999 which remarks the beginning of researching vague language in China. There are a large amount of researches on vague language from semantic and pragmatic angles soon after， such as Practical Fuzzy Linguistics by Li Qian Jv in 1996， On Fuzzy Semantics by Zhang Qiao in 1998.

Although the existing or spreading of vague language everywhere， litter study on it in business English letters has been found because of the disputes or even lawsuits causing by vague language. As we know， the principles of business writing require the usage of its language precise， exact and clear， but vague language is always common used in business writing.

So， we should strive to study clearly the vague language in business English letters， especially in specific contexts about its effect of appropriateness and wide applicability.

（二） Data Collection and Research Method

The data of this paper are business English letters which are expected to point out when and why people use vague language and its active functions and negative functions in business English letters. These materials are collected mainly form books and articles on business English letters and business communication. The author also has collected some examples from other authors relevant to the current study. In fact， these examples in this paper are in the form of sentences form the letters. There are 20 samples of business English letters being not attached to the study due to the limited length of the paper.

A qualitative method is used in this paper to study the deliberate use of vague language by using business English letters as examples. Based on the theoretical prerequisites， the study explores the essential reasons of when and why people use vague language in business English letters.

二、 Literature Review

There is not a common sense what is vague language from the beginning to today. The originator of the notion of vagueness in language， a famous philosopher Pierce， showed his interest in natural language in1902.The philosophical study on vagueness of natural language brought about this phenomenon in the linguistic field. From then on， fuzziness， ambiguity， generality and vagueness have been made to define the confusing terms by linguists. This chapter plays much attention to the definition of vague language and the relationship of some confusing terms.

（一(yi)） A Definition of Vague language

 Although a great number of researches on vague language have been carried out， a definition can not come to consensus in the linguistic field. There are two reasons to explain the difficulty， one is the vague language is complex area of study the other is the large number of different conceptions of vague language. Therefore， it is urgent to delimitate the present study towards the definition of vague language according to the definition by Wu Tieping and Channel are as follows：

Some words or some sentences are vague， they are not independent but in the context.

Vague language is vague probe to the vagueness of itself and the vagueness of acknowledge， it aims to language communication and chose loosely.

The latter study of vague language in business English letters will be firmly fellow the above definition.

（二） Comparison of Some Confusing Terms

In order to distinct the four terms among vagueness， fuzziness， generality and ambiguity. It is so significant that much effort has been done on this matter in linguistics. This paper will continue this project for sake of better understanding of the research.

1.Vague Language vs. Fuzziness

The two words are used exchangeable by some researches. Linguists like Black Russell， Fillmore， Ullmann， Deese， Channel and etc. all substitute vagueness for fuzziness. Actually， the research about this has not been worked out. Kempson（1979），a English linguist classifies vagueness into the following four types（qtd. in Zhang Qiao 17-18）.

（1） Referential vagueness， where the meaning of a lexical item is in principle clear enough， but it may be hard to decide whether or not the item be applied to certain objects；

（2） Indeterminacy of meaning， where the meaning of an item itself seems indeterminate；

（3） Lack of specification in the meaning of items， where the meaning is clear but is only generally specified；

（4） Disjunction in the specification of an item's meaning， where the meaning involves an either-or statement with different interpretation possibilities.

As the above-mentioned classification， we will discuss three types because the last type is beyond our study in this paper. The first is lack of clear boundaries. For instance， we have no idea to recognize the referential boundary like “land” or “floor” ；“the ground” or “the earth”. The second is that the borderline of a word is uncertain. For example， how beautiful is “beautiful”？ How small is “small”？ These borderlines are not clear. The third is the uncertainty in a phrase or proposition including the indeterminate meaning. For example， "my brother's taxi" is indeterminate. Since we can not distinguish whether it is used to express the taxi my brother owns， the taxi my brother drives， the taxi my brother rents， the taxi my brother is going to catch， or the taxi my brother goes to work on and etc.

To sum up， because of the unclear boundary and the indefinite criteria， addition to it a continuous range of values， the meaning of fuzziness is a part of the expression vagueness. At the moment， vagueness is used its broadest sense which is also the point we use in this paper， including the coming analysis.

2.Vagueness vs. Ambiguity

Although the two terms are different， some people often confuse them， to such an extent that， they use ambiguous examples to interpret vagueness.

According to Zhang Qiao， he holds that ambiguity is expression with more than one competing but distinct meaning； while for vagueness； distinct meaning can not be identified. It seems that vagueness has borderline and a single meaning. Therefore， homonymy and polysemous words lead to ambiguity not vagueness. For instance， “It is good whether” is vague because of the one meaning of “good”， and we do not know how good it is. “She has a good leg.” is ambiguous because of the several meaning of “good”. We can not decide whether it means “athletic” or “healthy” or “beautiful” （liao1）.The answer varies from context to context， from individual to individual.

Compare with vagueness， ambiguities are less use in actual texts， because contextual clues generally make clear which meaning is appropriate， but vagueness is possible in many causes because it expresses one meaning which is not clear or distinct. For instance， "Jane has my book." has one meaning： Jane has my book， but the expression is not clear. Does it mean a book written by me， or owned by me， or borrowed by me？ So that the sentence is vague but not ambiguous. （Liao2）

3.Vagueness vs. Generality

Wu Yaxin defines generality is as follows： "an expression is general if it is the super ordinate to other relevant expressions， which are considered as its hyponym." With Zhang Qiao's view on generality “the meaning of an expression is general if it does not specify certain details， i.e. generality is an unspecified matter.” in mind， Ms Wu gives her viewpoint above； she adds her idea that if we use unspecified word here， it would be difficult to draw a demarcation line between generality and vagueness. For instance， “Rose got a rose.” is general and cause an unclear meaning if we want to know whether Rose has a red， or a white rose， a yellow rose， or a black rose.

Generality covers Hyponymy， the vertical relationship existing between a specific and a general expression is the connotation of hyponymy. For example，“ sweet” and “chocolate”， the semantic field of “chocolate” lies within “sweet”. In this case， it is clear to see "chocolate" belongs to “sweet”， but sometimes generality is a means and vagueness is the result of it. For example， a child is expecting his mother to buy chocolate to him says in vagueness by using the general terms： "How I wish someone to send me chocolate and I will have the confidence to get full marks in this coming exam."

三(san)、 The Functions of Vague Language in Business English Letters

As is well known， business language requires precision but avoid vagueness. In fact， both vagueness and precision are the innate characteristics of natural language； business language is not an exception. Sometimes， in order to run the business transactions well， vague language is used for particular and diversified reasons. It should concern the following communicative purposes and intentions by Channel （173-192）：

（1） Giving the right amount of information

（2） Deliberately withholding information

（3） Using language persuasively

（4） Lexical gaps

（5） Lacking specific information

（6） Displacement

（7） Self-protection

（8） Power and politeness

（9） Informality and atmosphere

（10） Women's language

This study concentrate on the deliberate use of vague language in business English letters， so only these uses： giving the right amount of information； deliberately withholding information； using language persuasively； self-protesters； power and politeness； informality and atmosphere； women's language， given by Channel will be discussed as the functions of vague language. As we all know that it is difficult for a theory to be perfected a linguistic phenomenon or a complete interpretation. Every theory has its strong points and weak points. Therefore， in this study， the Channel’s theory is supposed to construct the theoretical framework for the analysis of vague language in business English letters. With these functions of vague language， business people may use vague language as a communicative strategy in different context in order to maintain the goodwill between the parties involved. Vague language may turn out to be a powerful tool in good business writing and successful business transactions. However， vague expressions in some contexts are used to confuse the addressee deliberately， this may cause to misunderstanding or cheating.

This section associates with some actual articles and materials to make a try to explore and summarize both the positive and negative functions of vague language in business English letters.

（一） An overview of Business English Letters

As we know， business communication will reach a possible agreement at last， no matter what manners both sides use， it is basined on the common interests and conflicting interests put the cooperation further or break-up. Wall defines that business communication is a process through which two or more parties coordinate an exchange of goods or services and attempt to agree upon the rate of the exchange for them.

Business letters is a kind of communication， specifically， “a piece of conversation by post” （Yang， 15）. The participants take turns as being the addresser and the addressee have their special audience and definite purpose， so the communication is carried on by written forms. "business letters are different from other literary discourses， Brown and Yule said that "they do not call for the elegant language of literature and the main difference between business letters and other types of discourses lies in the language and style." It seems a reasonable answer to the trait of business English letters from a large number of articles and materials which other people research.

Business letters are hard to classify because there are great classifications from different angles， such as the different functions， the content of the letters. It seems that it is impossible to carry out a complete and perfect classification for the business letters. There are the same things among some types of letters above if we found carefully. Sometimes， it is difficult to distinguish one letter from another. Therefore， there is a need to give a general classification for the following analysis of vague language in business English letters. According to Stewart （qtd. in Yang， 17）， there are four different kinds of information in terms of its effect on the readers’ needs： good news， neutral news， bad news and persuasion. Accordingly， there are good-news letters， neutral-news letters， bad-news letters and persuasive letters. In addition， order letters， inquiry letters and replies to inquires and adjustment letters can be sub-classified into good-news or neutral-news letters， Refusing letters can be classified into bad-news letters and sales letters and collection letters into persuasive letters.

四(si)、 Functions of Vague Language in Business English Letters and Some Suggests

（一） Positive Functions of Vague Language in Business English letters

It is known that vague language playing an important role in the linguistic communication own to vagueness， communication operates smoothly， so does business English letters. The businessmen often use vague expressions purposely for their contribution to the messages. Generally speaking， positive functions of vague language in business English letters are as follows：

1.Increasing the Accuracy of Language Expressions

The American philosopher Grice said that in the communicative activities， parties should observe some basic norms in order to ensure the communication going on successfully. Since there are situations in which one is reluctant to be very precise or accurate， businessmen may make use of vague language intentionally. In the objective reality， there are too many “boundary phenomena”， in other words， things and phenomena that belong to objective reality manifest indeterminacy. Vagueness is sometimes an important means of appropriately stating or expressing these indeterminate uncertain things and phenomena （Hyland440）. Accuracy attributes to vagueness in some contexts， businessmen use vague terms to seek accuracy of expressions in business English letters. For instance：

（1） “in general” our payment terms are by irrevocable letter of credit at sight and we do not accept D/P term.

“In general” is used to quality the validity of the state of affairs expressed in the message. The humble example indicates that the vague expression “in general” weakens the force of certainty， thus it guards against possible refutation and enhances the accuracy of expression， as they suggest the objectivity in conveying the sense that the information may be held to be true. So， the businessman ensures that the information he provides only represents his own opinion， but not others’ opinion. Whether the information is true or not is unclear due to the use of “in general”.

（2） The responsibility for the losses many rest with the shipping company and we suggest you yourself make the claim for compensation.

“May” expresses the tone of inference， but not clearly how deeply the possibility is. The addresser describes his view objectively and shirks his responsibility of the losses. The tone of “suggest” is so relaxed that other sides feel available easily. Instead of saying absolutely， the businessmen use vague expressions to make the sentence more accurate. Therefore， we can see that vague language is commonly adopted when posting developing trends or predicting future situations in order to avoid absoluteness.

2.Enhancing the Flexibility of Language Expressions and Achieving the Self-protection

According to Channel， the speakers try to have self-protection， namely， the speakers use vague language in order to avoid being considered to offer wrong information to others in the future. In the special situation， when the replies to some questions are beyond your authority or it is the improper time to answer these questions， the use of vague language may be considered as a good choice because it can offer you a relatively flexible space to move back and fro. For example：

（1） Should your price be found competitive and delivery date acceptable， we intend to place a large order with you. （Yi Xiaoying， 45）

The vague words “competitive”， “acceptable” and “a large” have not been definite meaning which gives certain freedom for the addresser in the business exchange. The purpose is to let the addressee interpret messages the way he wants to and then give the addresser the leeway for further change according to the market fluctuation.

（2） At present we are interested in your cosmetics， details as per our Enquiry Note No.1345 attached， and shall be glad to receive your lowest quotation as soon as possible.（Yi Xiaoying，50）

The vague expression "as soon as possible" serves as stalling tactics， although the board's opinion to promises to accept the addresser's lowest quotation， which quotation is the lowest is unclear. So the result of the disposal can be manipulated flexibly by the addressee according to actual situation.

From the above examples， we can see that the businessmen may have flexible manipulation through vague language. At the same time， the tone sounds sincere when use vague language and the vague language will enhance the cooperation between the two parties.

3.Deliberately Withholding Information， Promoting the Trade Cooperation

Vague language makes the expressions more measured and tactful， especially some sensitive items， such as both sides' benefit. Concealing the true situation， avoiding conflicts and expressing your own ideas are the functions of vague language. Based on the politeness and cooperation principles， the addresser not only maintain his benefit but also consider other sides' feeling fully in order that both sides keep their trade relationship just like the usual. For example：

We should revert to the question of sole agency when the business between us has developed to our mutual satisfaction.

From the above example， it seems that the addresser is positive and cooperated， but "mutual satisfaction" actually withholds negative information， namely， the addresser refuses other sides' demand of "sole agency". This vague expression makes the addresser understanding the withholding information easy， additionally， it is very kindly to protect other sides' face from being threatened and maintain the cooperative relationship.

As we all know， the businessmen often do their best to deliberately withhold information in actual business transactions. Particularly， it is unchangeable when the price of the goods is given to the customer. So， the businessman answers the customers' inquiries with vague words， especially the price. Vague language give both the businessmen an opportunity to change the price is easy to be changed so that customers can make right response to the price.

4.Indicating You-attitude， Expressing Business Cultivation

Courtesy and amicability is known as the general principles that business writing must consider， so it is necessary to use vague language because that is one of the best ways to express politeness. Simultaneously， the appropriation of use of vague language is also one of the standards to balance the professional character of the members of a company and improve the image of the company into the public. For instance：

（1） I'm afraid that the proposal you put forward isn't up too much.

The addresser expresses his disagreement through the vague and negative words， avoiding cruelly say" I do not agree with your proposal." and leave well impression on the addressee. There is no doubt that this proper letter makes the best and fake advertisement for the company.

According to the above analysis， we can see that proper use of vague language can fully indicate you-attitude that requires dealing with business from other sides' standpoint and satisfy other sides’ needs. Therefore， vague language plays a significant role in indicating you-attitude which will enhance the cooperation between both sides and give a positive impression of your company to the addresser.

（二） Negative Functions Vague Language in Business English Letters

Vague language， just like everything has two antagonistic sides， is not always positive. There is a negative effect in business English letters in some contexts. So the addressee may not be able to distinguish the true or false messages， and then cause difficulty. For example：

（1） As to the steamers sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco， we have bimonthly direct services.

Vague word “bimonthly” is unclear， so what is “bimonthly” means？ It means twice a month or once two months. Obviously， the expression has two meaning which will cause troubles to the addressee. It should interpret clearly：

a. We have two direct sailings every month from Hong Kong to San Francisco.

b. We have semimonthly direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco.

c. We have a direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco every two months.

The principle of concreteness in the business English writing demands the message specific， definite and vivid. Especially some letters require clear-cut response or reply the questions which other sides mention， offers， acceptances and so on. It will reduce the social efficiency when you use the vague language in the place where they need concretive expressions. For example：

（2） The Fareast Co. is one of our big buyers.

It is not detailed to reply the trade data of company， because "one of big buyers" is not specific， we don't know how big it is， so it is better amend it as follow：

The Fareast Co. placed U.S. $200，000，000.00 worth of business with us last year.

From the example above， we can see that under some circumstances， vague language does not give the addresser an edge in business communication， however， it may lead to trouble for the parties involved. Therefore， we should use vague language in business English letters which can help the addresser realize some communicative purposes or make the communication going smoothly and avoiding the negative functions of vague language.

（三(san)） Some Suggests

Through analysis of above， it is proposed that there are two functions of vague language： the positive functions and the negative functions in business English letters. The positive functions may be helpful for further cooperation， but the negative functions will cause misunderstanding or cheating. Therefore， we should do great effort to make the positive functions and avoid the negative functions when adopting vague language. Generally speaking， the vague expressions in the business English letters often appear in the following two situations：

（1） Refusing gently and Leave a way out

There is an example： What you mentioned in your letter in connection with the question of agency has had our attention and we shall give this matter careful consideration and shall revert to it later on.

“Has had our attention” and “shall give this matter careful consideration” are not expressed clear details and attitude. It seems that the addresser has not agreement but also not refusing which make the other side confused. “Revert to it later on” is vague； too， because it holds another meaning， there is no opportunity to talk in the near future. Another is that this expression considers other sides’ feelings and the ability of acceptances fully， and then maintains the business English relationship of both sides.

（2） Unwilling to interpret the details and self-protection.

This situation exists in some contexts. For example：

If the Supplier fails to commence the work necessary to remedy such defect or any damage to the Equipment caused by such defect within a reasonable time， the Buyer may carry out such work in a reasonable manner， and the reasonable direct costs incurred by the Buyer in connection there will shall be paid to the Buyer by the Supplier， providing that the labor costs included in such costs shall be calculated based on the local costs incurred in the country in which the contract plant is to be constructed.

There are three vague words in the above example. How long is “within a reasonable time”？ What way is “in a reasonable manner”？ How much is “the reasonable direct costs”？ All these have not specification， but the application of vague language used at this moment is appropriate avoiding speaking absolutely and trapping in passive situation.

From the above-mentioned example， we can see that use of vague language should control in a degree， or it will not gain the predicting result. So the addresser will advance and retreat freely when he masters the degree of using vague language， at the same time， it will not break out the trade relationship of both sides.

五、 Conclusion

In this paper， the study on when and why people use vague language in business English letters. Many examples are used in this paper to explore the situations of vague language in several of business English letters and its positive and negative functions. As a result， the analysis on this paper aims to help people realize and understand how to use vague language as a strategy to meet their communicative intentions. The functions of vague language in business English letters can cause people’s attention to use it in actual situations.

Although this study has been done mainly on English data， there are some questions about what situations in verbal business communication. People may also do some effort on this item. We can sure that people will discover the importance of vague language in business letters.

Reference

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[14] 楊林聰 著.禮貌原則在商務溝通中(zhong)的應用[M]. 長(chang)沙(sha)：國防科技大學出版社，2002：9， 15， 16，17，75，95.

篇9

關鍵詞： 語用原則 商務(wu)英語 信函

一、合作原則

1.質的準則

質的(de)(de)原則體現在商務(wu)英語信(xin)(xin)函(han)寫作(zuo)時(shi)，主要(yao)指交(jiao)易(yi)雙方所寫的(de)(de)商務(wu)信(xin)(xin)函(han)內容(rong)(rong)要(yao)正(zheng)確，符合(he)事實(shi)，數字要(yao)精確，商業習慣(guan)用(yong)(yong)語的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)要(yao)準確。商務(wu)交(jiao)易(yi)磋(cuo)商中的(de)(de)許多(duo)內容(rong)(rong)如數量、金額(e)、貿易(yi)術語、違約責任、支(zhi)付方式，是絕對(dui)不能(neng)失(shi)誤的(de)(de)。一(yi)旦出現失(shi)誤，則極(ji)可能(neng)引起不必要(yao)的(de)(de)損失(shi)和糾紛，甚至可能(neng)導致貿易(yi)關系的(de)(de)破(po)裂。

2.量的準則

量的(de)(de)準則(ze)(ze)體現在(zai)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)英(ying)語(yu)信(xin)函寫(xie)作時(shi)，主要是指所寫(xie)的(de)(de)內(nei)容應(ying)(ying)當包涵當時(shi)交易(yi)所需要的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)，用(yong)盡可(ke)能少的(de)(de)文字表(biao)達想要表(biao)達的(de)(de)內(nei)容，這(zhe)與商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)信(xin)函寫(xie)作的(de)(de)簡(jian)明原則(ze)(ze)相吻(wen)合。商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)英(ying)語(yu)的(de)(de)特點決(jue)定了它是以交易(yi)雙方傳遞商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)信(xin)息(xi)交易(yi)動向、維持和促進商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)交易(yi)關(guan)系為目的(de)(de)的(de)(de)買賣雙方之間的(de)(de)一種交易(yi)手段。因(yin)此，不(bu)要用(yong)過多的(de)(de)詞語(yu)描(miao)述同(tong)一個意(yi)思，浪費對(dui)方的(de)(de)閱讀(du)時(shi)間，對(dui)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)來說是極為不(bu)禮貌的(de)(de)。這(zhe)意(yi)味著商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)工作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)撰寫(xie)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)英(ying)語(yu)信(xin)函時(shi)應(ying)(ying)注意(yi)簡(jian)明扼要，真正做到符合量的(de)(de)準則(ze)(ze)。

3.關系準則

在(zai)(zai)商業(ye)高度發達的(de)(de)現代社會，時(shi)間(jian)就是(shi)金錢，效(xiao)率就是(shi)生命，所以商務(wu)英(ying)語信(xin)函(han)(han)的(de)(de)內容一定要切題、簡單明了，少說(shuo)無關(guan)的(de)(de)廢話(hua)。涉(she)及同(tong)(tong)一商務(wu)活動的(de)(de)信(xin)函(han)(han)，在(zai)(zai)開頭部分(fen)(fen)要用必要的(de)(de)語句相(xiang)互聯系起(qi)(qi)來，以幫助讀信(xin)人快速回憶起(qi)(qi)交(jiao)易(yi)內容，便于歸類；同(tong)(tong)一信(xin)函(han)(han)的(de)(de)各段內容也(ye)要相(xiang)互關(guan)聯，這樣可(ke)以避(bi)免唐突。在(zai)(zai)信(xin)函(han)(han)的(de)(de)開頭可(ke)用一句過渡(du)的(de)(de)話(hua)或涉(she)及的(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)號、信(xin)用證或信(xin)函(han)(han)日期將它們聯系起(qi)(qi)來，在(zai)(zai)信(xin)函(han)(han)的(de)(de)正文部分(fen)(fen)可(ke)以用一些關(guan)聯詞語對不同(tong)(tong)內容進(jin)行(xing)連(lian)接。

4.方式準則

方(fang)式準則(ze)是(shi)(shi)指在(zai)商(shang)務英(ying)語信(xin)函中，表(biao)達交易(yi)信(xin)息的內(nei)容一(yi)定要清楚明(ming)白，避免語意上(shang)的含混(hun)、模糊(hu)和歧義。在(zai)寫作中，要使(shi)用符合行規、表(biao)意確切(qie)的常用術(shu)語，有(you)利于對方(fang)的理(li)解(jie)(jie)，使(shi)貿(mao)易(yi)活動順利進行。如I am at present in Hamburg visiting the harborwith a view to making known our new type of container？that can contain 100 tons？of rice for use in Europe.I should like to call on you at 7：00 on that day.這則(ze)信(xin)函有(you)兩處語意模糊(hu)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)時間（7：00）后面沒有(you)注明(ming)是(shi)(shi)“am”還是(shi)(shi)“pm”，這會讓對方(fang)摸(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)著(zhu)頭腦，不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)白究竟是(shi)(shi)上(shang)午7點(dian)還是(shi)(shi)下午7點(dian)；二是(shi)(shi)重量單位(wei)噸(dun)（tons），因為(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)國家對“噸(dun)”這個重量單位(wei)的理(li)解(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡相同(tong)的，若不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)以具體說明(ming)，勢必(bi)會造成誤(wu)會，導致貿(mao)易(yi)糾(jiu)紛。

二、禮貌原則

1.得體準則

得體準則指的(de)(de)是(shi)在商(shang)務(wu)往來中要(yao)尊(zun)重(zhong)對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，無(wu)論是(shi)語(yu)句的(de)(de)表達還(huan)是(shi)信息的(de)(de)處理都要(yao)站(zhan)在對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)角度，盡量讓對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)少吃虧，多受(shou)益。在商(shang)務(wu)往來中，要(yao)及時(shi)回復對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)信函(han)，即使(shi)對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)反(fan)映的(de)(de)問題(ti)需(xu)要(yao)進行(xing)調查，但也應及時(shi)回復，說明情況，這(zhe)樣才能讓對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)感(gan)到自己(ji)的(de)(de)問題(ti)受(shou)到了重(zhong)視，給對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)留(liu)下辦事效率高、工作負責任的(de)(de)良(liang)好印(yin)象(xiang)，從(cong)而保持雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)良(liang)好的(de)(de)貿易合作關系。在信函(han)寫作中，只有(you)始終站(zhan)在對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)角度考(kao)慮問題(ti)，真(zhen)誠地關心對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，了解(jie)對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)需(xu)求，自己(ji)的(de)(de)信函(han)才會更容(rong)易讓對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)接受(shou)。

2.寬容準則

寬(kuan)容準則(ze)指的(de)(de)(de)是商務活動出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)矛(mao)盾(dun)時，要克制自己(ji)，寬(kuan)容對(dui)方，讓矛(mao)盾(dun)激化。在(zai)商務往來中出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)一些(xie)失(shi)誤、摩(mo)擦是正常的(de)(de)(de)，關鍵在(zai)于如何處理這(zhe)些(xie)失(shi)誤和摩(mo)擦。當遇到對(dui)方不(bu)(bu)滿、怨恨(hen)甚至無(wu)理取(qu)鬧的(de)(de)(de)時候，千萬不(bu)(bu)能火冒三(san)丈，寫出(chu)(chu)更激烈的(de)(de)(de)回信，導致(zhi)矛(mao)盾(dun)激化，得不(bu)(bu)償失(shi)。以禮(li)對(dui)待非(fei)禮(li)，不(bu)(bu)是一種退讓，而是一種寬(kuan)容，是一種從大局出(chu)(chu)發，小(xiao)事糊(hu)涂，大事堅持原則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)持重表(biao)現(xian)(xian)。

3.稱贊準則

稱贊準(zhun)則(ze)指的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)減少(shao)對(dui)他人(ren)(ren)貶損的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)達，即盡量多贊譽少(shao)貶損別人(ren)(ren)。在(zai)商貿(mao)活動中，對(dui)對(dui)方的(de)(de)(de)商品、技術(shu)、服務進行適當的(de)(de)(de)贊揚是(shi)很有(you)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣可(ke)以(yi)維護對(dui)方的(de)(de)(de)面子，讓(rang)對(dui)方感(gan)(gan)到(dao)愉悅，從而有(you)利于以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)合作。但這(zhe)(zhe)種贊揚應該(gai)是(shi)真誠的(de)(de)(de)，否則(ze)就會讓(rang)對(dui)方感(gan)(gan)到(dao)虛偽(wei)，從而違反合作原則(ze)中質的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)則(ze)。

4.謙遜準則

謙遜準(zhun)則(ze)指的(de)是盡量減(jian)少自(zi)(zi)我表揚，多貶損自(zi)(zi)己。商(shang)家(jia)一(yi)般(ban)都會(hui)在說自(zi)(zi)己的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服務如何如何好(hao)的(de)同時，貶低同行業的(de)其他產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。但在大(da)型(xing)的(de)正規的(de)商(shang)貿(mao)往(wang)來中，我們一(yi)定要(yao)遵(zun)循謙遜準(zhun)則(ze)，對(dui)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、技術和服務一(yi)定要(yao)實事求是，不能言過(guo)其詞，夸(kua)夸(kua)其談，做到言辭謹慎，含蓄內斂，不譽不損。

5.一致準則

一致準則指的(de)(de)是盡(jin)量(liang)減(jian)少自(zi)己與別人在觀點上(shang)的(de)(de)不(bu)一致，即盡(jin)量(liang)減(jian)少雙(shuang)方的(de)(de)分歧，增加雙(shuang)方的(de)(de)一致。任何事(shi)情都是一分為二的(de)(de)，商務活動(dong)也不(bu)例(li)外，既有(you)積極(ji)、美好的(de)(de)一面，又有(you)消極(ji)、不(bu)太好的(de)(de)一面，所(suo)以在商務活動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)，一定要盡(jin)量(liang)強化(hua)前者，淡化(hua)后者，求同而存(cun)異。在商務活動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)，每(mei)一方自(zi)然會站在自(zi)己的(de)(de)立場、角度考慮問(wen)題，對事(shi)情的(de)(de)看(kan)法可能(neng)會有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同，但(dan)這并不(bu)妨礙(ai)雙(shuang)方為了共同的(de)(de)長(chang)遠利(li)益而求大同存(cun)小(xiao)異，找出雙(shuang)方都能(neng)接(jie)受的(de)(de)方案。

參考文獻：

篇10

[關鍵(jian)詞(ci)] 商務日語(yu)； 信函； 翻譯技巧(qiao)

[中圖分類號] [文獻標(biao)識碼(ma)]B

在當(dang)今(jin)市(shi)場競爭日(ri)益激烈的(de)(de)環境下(xia)，國際(ji)貿(mao)易很多(duo)商務活動(dong)都(dou)通過信(xin)函(han)(han)形式進(jin)(jin)行溝通與交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，商務信(xin)函(han)(han)已成為國際(ji)間經貿(mao)往(wang)來的(de)(de)橋梁。而在日(ri)益頻繁(fan)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)日(ri)貿(mao)易交(jiao)往(wang)中(zhong)(zhong)，商務交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)信(xin)息交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)要(yao)求(qiu)內容簡單、重點突出，這已經成為雙方交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)主要(yao)趨勢(shi)，商務日(ri)語(yu)信(xin)函(han)(han)的(de)(de)翻(fan)譯(yi)是一種常(chang)見(jian)而普遍的(de)(de)翻(fan)譯(yi)內容。鑒于此，有必要(yao)對其認真探討(tao)，以(yi)推動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)日(ri)商務交(jiao)往(wang)的(de)(de)順利(li)進(jin)(jin)行。

一、商務(wu)日語信函的種類(lei)及特點(dian)

商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)日語信(xin)函(han)(han)(han)大(da)致(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)分為(wei)兩大(da)類：貿(mao)易(yi)(yi)性商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)信(xin)函(han)(han)(han)和社(she)交(jiao)性商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)信(xin)函(han)(han)(han)。貿(mao)易(yi)(yi)性商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)信(xin)函(han)(han)(han)指的是進行實質(zhi)性貿(mao)易(yi)(yi)往(wang)來時所(suo)用(yong)的信(xin)函(han)(han)(han)，包含內(nei)容(rong)大(da)致(zhi)有以(yi)(yi)下幾(ji)種：1.請求開展(zhan)業務(wu)(wu)，同意或(huo)謝(xie)絕(jue)開展(zhan)業務(wu)(wu)；2.要求報(bao)價，報(bao)價或(huo)拒絕(jue)報(bao)價；3.請求訂貨(huo)(huo)，同意、辭(ci)退或(huo)取(qu)消(xiao)訂貨(huo)(huo)；4.推銷商(shang)(shang)品；5.關(guan)于匯款；6.有關(guan)信(xin)用(yong)證(zheng)事(shi)宜；7.各種修改事(shi)項；8.發貨(huo)(huo)或(huo)到(dao)貨(huo)(huo)通(tong)知；9.拜托(tuo)；10.照(zhao)會；11.催促；12.取(qu)消(xiao)；13.抗議(yi)；14.道歉；15.索賠；16.辯解；17.反駁(bo)等。

社(she)交性商務(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)函(han)是指與實質性的(de)(de)(de)(de)貿易往來活(huo)動沒有直接關系(xi)、只與貿易伙伴(ban)或準(zhun)貿易伙伴(ban)之間普通社(she)交往來所用的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)件，主要內容包括：1.祝賀信(xin)(xin)(xin)；2.感(gan)謝信(xin)(xin)(xin)；3.邀請信(xin)(xin)(xin)；4.同意信(xin)(xin)(xin)；5.拜托信(xin)(xin)(xin)；6照(zhao)會信(xin)(xin)(xin)；7.致意信(xin)(xin)(xin)；8.報告信(xin)(xin)(xin)；9.慰問信(xin)(xin)(xin)等。譯(yi)者應首(shou)先(xian)明確一(yi)封商務(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)函(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)功(gong)能，才(cai)能在譯(yi)入語中選(xuan)擇(ze)適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)詞語來恰(qia)當體(ti)現原文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，使信(xin)(xin)(xin)函(han)達到預期(qi)效果。如感(gan)謝信(xin)(xin)(xin)、慰問信(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)祝賀信(xin)(xin)(xin)等偏重于語言的(de)(de)(de)(de)表情功(gong)能，而其他(ta)信(xin)(xin)(xin)件如請求、投訴等偏重于語言的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)功(gong)能，強調事(shi)(shi)件，表述事(shi)(shi)實。

在中(zhong)日經貿易業務(wu)往來中(zhong)，為確保(bao)信息、情報的(de)傳達及時而準(zhun)確，大多數(shu)公司(si)通(tong)常會采用互通(tong)信函的(de)方式來交流與溝通(tong)，最終達成交易。因此，為使國際間的(de)商務(wu)往來能(neng)順利(li)進行，就必須(xu)熟(shu)知商務(wu)日語(yu)信函的(de)結構、形式、內容特點，并在此基礎上掌握和運用恰當的(de)翻譯技(ji)巧(qiao)，使信息的(de)傳達準(zhun)確而富有內涵(han)。

（一）語言簡(jian)潔(jie)，表達合理

商務日語信(xin)函要(yao)(yao)求內容準(zhun)確、表(biao)達(da)合(he)理。文(wen)(wen)字(zi)要(yao)(yao)盡量簡短并準(zhun)確表(biao)達(da)內容的(de)要(yao)(yao)點(dian)，避(bi)免徒飾文(wen)(wen)藻、引經據典、措(cuo)詞冗長。公司業(ye)務往來(lai)所需的(de)商務信(xin)函，主要(yao)(yao)是把需要(yao)(yao)傳達(da)的(de)事項(xiang)用準(zhun)確簡潔(jie)的(de)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)表(biao)達(da)出(chu)來(lai)，至(zhi)于文(wen)(wen)章的(de)巧拙或文(wen)(wen)字(zi)的(de)優美等(deng)無(wu)關緊要(yao)(yao)。如果文(wen)(wen)筆(bi)華(hua)麗，但內容含(han)糊不(bu)清，或使閱(yue)者迷惑不(bu)解，甚(shen)至(zhi)有錯誤(wu)的(de)話，就起不(bu)到商務信(xin)函的(de)作用。

（二）使用商務專業術語(yu)，文體專業且正(zheng)式

商務信函(han)往來一(yi)定會使用很多商務專業(ye)術語，而這些術語詞匯(hui)在(zai)普通(tong)信函(han)中并不常(chang)見(jian)。例如：“貴社の価格、納入(ru)條(tiao)件、支払條(tiao)件に基づいて、當方の注文(wen)書no.6222をお送(song)りします。品(pin)質、重量、色はご送(song)付いただいたいたサンプルと同等のものとします。”

“9月(yue)(yue)24日付(fu)（品(pin)名(ming)）のご注文、受領確(que)認いたします。約定の納品(pin)日程どおりに出(chu)荷いたします。積み出(chu)しは10月(yue)(yue)1日付(fu)當方のオファーの條件(jian)に従っています。”

劃線部分的(de)(de)文字都是常用國際貿易的(de)(de)日(ri)文專業術語(yu)，要完(wan)全把(ba)握(wo)商務(wu)日(ri)語(yu)信函，首(shou)先要準確(que)理解專業術語(yu)所表達的(de)(de)意思。另外，由于商務(wu)日(ri)語(yu)信函直接涉及(ji)到中(zhong)日(ri)之(zhi)間貿易往來信息(xi)，且(qie)同銀行(xing)、海關、物流等專業知識(shi)密不可分，因此在文體(ti)上要求(qiu)專業且(qie)正式。

（三）語(yu)篇(pian)結構(gou)規范、嚴謹

商務日語信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)函作為一種與客戶聯系業務的公文(wen)(wen)，有一定(ding)的固定(ding)形式，首(shou)(shou)先商務信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)函的結構分(fen)為前文(wen)(wen)、正文(wen)(wen)、后(hou)記三大(da)部分(fen)，依據展開順序歸(gui)納為四大(da)類型，括號內為不定(ding)內容(rong)。1.發(fa)(fa)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)編(bian)號·日期(qi)(qi)·收(shou)(shou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)姓名(ming)(ming)·發(fa)(fa)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)·信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)·（開頭語）·（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)首(shou)(shou)問(wen)候(hou)(hou)(hou)）+正文(wen)(wen)+（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)末問(wen)候(hou)(hou)(hou)）·結束語；2.收(shou)(shou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)姓名(ming)(ming)·發(fa)(fa)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)·（日期(qi)(qi)）·（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)）·（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)首(shou)(shou)問(wen)候(hou)(hou)(hou)）+正文(wen)(wen)+（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)末問(wen)候(hou)(hou)(hou)）；3.收(shou)(shou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)姓名(ming)(ming)·（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)首(shou)(shou)問(wen)候(hou)(hou)(hou)）·（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)）+正文(wen)(wen)+（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)末問(wen)候(hou)(hou)(hou)）·發(fa)(fa)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)·（日期(qi)(qi)）；4.發(fa)(fa)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)·收(shou)(shou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單位·信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)·日期(qi)(qi)·（收(shou)(shou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)姓名(ming)(ming)）·（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)首(shou)(shou)問(wen)候(hou)(hou)(hou)）+正文(wen)(wen)+（信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)末問(wen)候(hou)(hou)(hou)）·發(fa)(fa)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)·（日期(qi)(qi)）。其中(zhong)“發(fa)(fa)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)編(bian)號”在普通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)函中(zhong)是沒有的，這主要(yao)是為了(le)方(fang)便(bian)(bian)存檔(dang)，便(bian)(bian)于以后(hou)出(chu)現異議時能有據可依。此外，商務日語信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)函中(zhong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)首(shou)(shou)和(he)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)末的寒(han)暄語一般采用(yong)固定(ding)的詞句模式，例如(ru)：信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)首(shou)(shou)常(chang)用(yong)語：

いつもお世話(hua)になり、誠にありがとうございます。

時下(xia)ますますご健(jian)勝のことと、お慶び申しあげます。

毎々格別のご愛顧を賜わり、ありがたく厚くお禮申しあげます。

信末常用語：

今後ともご指導ご鞭撻(ta)の程よろしくお願(yuan)い申し上(shang)げます。

まずは、取(qu)り急ぎご連(lian)絡まで。

以上ご報(bao)告(gao)申し上げるとともにご返(fan)事お待ちしております。

二(er)、商(shang)務(wu)日(ri)語信函的翻譯技巧

鑒于上述商務(wu)日語信函的諸多特點，譯者在翻(fan)譯時只有掌握恰當的翻(fan)譯技巧，才能使(shi)譯文信息傳達得(de)更準確和合理(li)。

（一）用詞規范(fan)準確，表達簡潔明了(le)。

對(dui)商(shang)務日語(yu)信(xin)函的(de)翻(fan)譯要求不同于一般書信(xin)，主要因(yin)為商(shang)務信(xin)函直接涉(she)及到(dao)貿易雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)利益，因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)翻(fan)譯此(ci)類書信(xin)時對(dui)用(yong)詞的(de)準確性要求非常高，如果發(fa)生錯譯、漏(lou)譯很可能就會造成(cheng)巨大的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)失。另外(wai)，還要注(zhu)意(yi)譯文在(zai)(zai)(zai)表(biao)達(da)上要言簡(jian)意(yi)賅，盡量(liang)避免一些羅嗦冗長的(de)句子，這樣更有利于合作雙(shuang)方(fang)能在(zai)(zai)(zai)最(zui)短的(de)時間內進(jin)行交流(liu)并(bing)最(zui)終(zhong)達(da)成(cheng)共識。例：

拝復

殘念ながら、お望みのような種類(lei)の品(pin)は製(zhi)造しておりません。しかし、弊社現在(zai)の製(zhi)品(pin)系列(lie)を示すパンフレットを同(tong)封させていただきます。これら商品(pin)のいくつかが貴社の販売計畫に適合(he)すれば幸甚（こうじん）であります。 なるべく早く返事をいただきますように。

敬具

譯文：

敬(jing)啟(qi)者：很遺憾，弊(bi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)并未(wei)生產貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)所需要的產品。然(ran)而，弊(bi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)現在(zai)很冒(mao)昧地附上一(yi)本商品手冊，內包括(kuo)弊(bi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)所有的產品，如其中有些(xie)能(neng)適合貴(gui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的銷(xiao)售(shou)計劃，則我們深感榮(rong)幸。 請盡快(kuai)回復。？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？？ ？

敬上

（二）正確理解原(yuan)文(wen)，精通專(zhuan)業術語和縮略語

商(shang)務日語信函涉(she)及(ji)到(dao)貿易往來(lai)中的(de)(de)訂(ding)貨(huo)(huo)、付(fu)款、合(he)同、保險、取消訂(ding)單、催促(cu)、索賠、道(dao)歉、辯解和(he)(he)協商(shang)等(deng)諸多商(shang)務專業(ye)術語，像“納品（交貨(huo)(huo)）、出(chu)荷(he)（出(chu)貨(huo)(huo)、上市）、納入（繳納）、引合(he)い（詢(xun)盤）、オファー（發盤、報價）、カウンターオファー（還(huan)盤）、船(chuan)積(ji)み（裝船(chuan)）、保険（保險）、フレーム（賠償）”等(deng)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)專業(ye)詞(ci)匯和(he)(he)“BTT（銀行電匯）、JAS（日本(ben)農業(ye)規格）、M/O（匯款單）、C/N（發貨(huo)(huo)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)書）、B/L（提貨(huo)(huo)單）、DW（載重量(liang)）”等(deng)常用(yong)縮(suo)略(lve)語出(chu)現時，如果譯(yi)(yi)者對(dui)外(wai)貿知(zhi)識(shi)不(bu)熟悉(xi)、不(bu)了解，那翻(fan)譯(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)難(nan)度就會大(da)大(da)增加(jia)。因此，作為翻(fan)譯(yi)(yi)人員不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)有扎(zha)實(shi)的(de)(de)日語語言功底(di)，而且(qie)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)具(ju)備一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)外(wai)貿專業(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)。在(zai)明確(que)一(yi)(yi)封商(shang)務信函的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)和(he)(he)功能后，在(zai)正確(que)理解原文內容的(de)(de)基礎上，還(huan)應該通(tong)(tong)過多種渠道(dao)搜集(ji)各種專業(ye)術語、外(wai)來(lai)詞(ci)匯和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)固定的(de)(de)表達(da)，力求找到(dao)準(zhun)確(que)且(qie)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)的(de)(de)翻(fan)譯(yi)(yi)方法。

（三(san)）文(wen)體鄭重且禮貌(mao)、語言應與(yu)文(wen)化相(xiang)融合

商(shang)(shang)務(wu)信(xin)函是(shi)一種實用文體，一般(ban)用于公司間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)洽(qia)談(tan)或問(wen)題(ti)磋商(shang)(shang)，國(guo)際間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)活動十分注(zhu)重禮(li)(li)節。眾所周知，日(ri)(ri)本很重視利益(yi)形式，無論是(shi)從語言表達還(huan)是(shi)行為(wei)舉(ju)止(zhi)，都清晰(xi)可見日(ri)(ri)本民族的(de)(de)(de)“禮(li)(li)”文化。在(zai)國(guo)際貿(mao)易(yi)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)函往來中表現尤為(wei)突出(chu)，以商(shang)(shang)務(wu)日(ri)(ri)語信(xin)函中常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)尾語為(wei)例：“ご指示(shi)下さいますように。（敬請示(shi)知。）”；“もしお知らせ下されば，誠に有難(nan)く存じます。（如蒙惠(hui)告，深感(gan)榮(rong)幸。）”；“書(shu)面にてご返信(xin)申し上げます。（特此函復(fu)。）”因此譯者同樣要采用鄭重而禮(li)(li)貌的(de)(de)(de)表達方式來進行對譯，使語言信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)傳達在(zai)準確的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上更增添文化內(nei)涵，有利于貿(mao)易(yi)伙伴加強互(hu)信(xin)和文化交(jiao)流。

三、結語

綜上(shang)所述，商務日(ri)(ri)語信函(han)是中日(ri)(ri)商務間交(jiao)流的(de)主要方(fang)式之一。由于它要求(qiu)語言(yan)要具(ju)準確(que)性(xing) 、實(shi)用(yong)性(xing)喝專業(ye)(ye)性(xing)，以及文(wen)(wen)體上(shang)應鄭(zheng)重得體等，這就(jiu)需要譯(yi)(yi)者必須本著嚴謹(jin)的(de)態度，準確(que)理解(jie)原文(wen)(wen)的(de)意思，熟(shu)悉相關的(de)專業(ye)(ye)術(shu)語，了解(jie)中日(ri)(ri)文(wen)(wen)外貿(mao)信函(han)在語言(yan)方(fang)面的(de)差異(yi)，正確(que)運用(yong)翻譯(yi)(yi)技(ji)巧(qiao)，力(li)求(qiu)翻譯(yi)(yi)出質量(liang)上(shang)乘的(de)商務日(ri)(ri)語信函(han)，以便貿(mao)易雙方(fang)達(da)成共識(shi)，促進交(jiao)易的(de)順利實(shi)現。

[參考文獻]

 [1]黃創.論商務信函的翻(fan)譯策略(lve)[J].滁州學院學報(bao)，2006（2）：72-74.

[2]周(zhou)林娟，唐千友.商(shang)務日語(yu)(yu)的語(yu)(yu)用特征分析(xi)[J].日語(yu)(yu)學習與研(yan)究，2006（3）：40-46.