摘要(yao):從(cong)1946年(nian)第一(yi)臺計算機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)出現，到二十世紀六七十年(nian)互聯網的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生，“online”模(mo)式就注定要(yao)在我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)生活中(zhong)逐步成(cheng)為(wei)主流和趨勢。信息時代的(de)(de)(de)到來(lai)，不僅僅讓傳統(tong)媒介數字(zi)化、虛擬(ni)化，更是(shi)讓我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)經(jing)濟成(cheng)為(wei)大(da)數據時代中(zhong)濃墨重(zhong)彩的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)筆。隨著(zhu)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)不斷電(dian)子(zi)化，電(dian)子(zi)商務更是(shi)逐漸對傳統(tong)經(jing)濟產(chan)生極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)，也令我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)生活方式有了質的(de)(de)(de)改變。在這篇文章中(zhong)，我(wo)會以(yi)一(yi)個平凡(fan)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度，講述(shu)我(wo)看到的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)改變，講述(shu)我(wo)所理解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)商對中(zhong)國(guo)現代經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)影響。

關鍵詞:電子商(shang)務(wu);互(hu)聯(lian)網+;傳統經濟模式(shi);贏者通吃

一、電商的(de)優勢和風靡(mi)的(de)起因(yin)

在(zai)(zai)(zai)如(ru)今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代，如(ru)果(guo)你告(gao)訴我(wo)(wo)你不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道(dao)(dao)(dao)淘(tao)寶(bao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道(dao)(dao)(dao)阿(a)里巴巴，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)寶(bao)，我(wo)(wo)會很認(ren)真地(di)懷疑(yi)(yi)你是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否在(zai)(zai)(zai)跟我(wo)(wo)開玩笑(xiao)。隨(sui)著互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)及(ji)，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)也(ye)(ye)慢慢地(di)走上(shang)(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)臺(tai)。那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)何(he)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)，如(ru)果(guo)你去(qu)百(bai)度(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)“電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四個字(zi)，百(bai)度(du)(du)會告(gao)訴你電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(E－Business)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)信息(xi)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)技術為(wei)(wei)手段(duan)(duan)，以(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交換為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)活動(dong)。狹隘地(di)說(shuo)(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)家在(zai)(zai)(zai)網(wang)(wang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)賣(mai)東(dong)(dong)西，消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)網(wang)(wang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)買東(dong)(dong)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。例如(ru)淘(tao)寶(bao)，京東(dong)(dong)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個典例。那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)何(he)會從(cong)(cong)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)時代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)，又為(wei)(wei)何(he)會有(you)如(ru)此大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勢(shi)頭，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)與傳(chuan)統(tong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)場競(jing)爭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)勢(shi)均力(li)敵甚至更(geng)(geng)勝一(yi)(yi)(yi)籌呢?首先(xian)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)從(cong)(cong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)分(fen)析。傳(chuan)統(tong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)形為(wei)(wei)B2B和(he)(he)B2C。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)傳(chuan)統(tong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)從(cong)(cong)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)顧客手中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通常要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)從(cong)(cong)原材料生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)－企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)－供應(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)－分(fen)銷(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)－零售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)－顧客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)程才能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格在(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)程時，都會因為(wei)(wei)庫(ku)存(cun)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，物(wu)流(liu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，人(ren)力(li)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)而增加，并且企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需要先(xian)預支(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)來(lai)(lai)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)銷(xiao)(xiao)到(dao)(dao)達顧客手中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時才能(neng)(neng)得到(dao)(dao)資(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回手，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要承(cheng)擔一(yi)(yi)(yi)個很大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)投入和(he)(he)風(feng)險。那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)節省了(le)(le)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)接在(zai)(zai)(zai)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)對話(hua)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步到(dao)(dao)達。比如(ru)說(shuo)(shuo)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戴爾(er)電(dian)(dian)腦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采取了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個按(an)單銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線上(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)，顧客提出購買意愿后，由供應(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)提供原材料給戴爾(er)公(gong)司(si)(si)，戴爾(er)公(gong)司(si)(si)直(zhi)接向顧客銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)。按(an)單銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)銷(xiao)(xiao)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)讓(rang)戴爾(er)公(gong)司(si)(si)真正實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)“零庫(ku)存(cun)，高周轉”。同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)銷(xiao)(xiao)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)讓(rang)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)播更(geng)(geng)加及(ji)時和(he)(he)有(you)效，在(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)價(jia)值不(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia)，資(zi)本(ben)(ben)減少，消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)體(ti)驗感上(shang)(shang)(shang)升。其次，當我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)要從(cong)(cong)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)分(fen)析的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會清晰很多(duo)。消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)更(geng)(geng)情(qing)(qing)愿去(qu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)主要原因就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)更(geng)(geng)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)買同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)西。2005年最(zui)早一(yi)(yi)(yi)批網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)石(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌之一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戴維尼鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)石(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立，畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)于(yu)南(nan)京大(da)(da)(da)(da)學地(di)質(zhi)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聶(nie)文彪(biao)放棄鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)石(shi)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)翹楚身份獨(du)自創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，開啟(qi)了(le)(le)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)河。他發明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)BBC(Business－Bank－Customer)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)石(shi)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)使鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)石(shi)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)有(you)了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)。戴維尼賣(mai)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)石(shi)要比地(di)面上(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格便宜(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)半，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)他們(men)(men)以(yi)(yi)次充好，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聶(nie)文彪(biao)曾去(qu)剛果(guo)考察時發現(xian)(xian)，工人(ren)們(men)(men)開采出一(yi)(yi)(yi)克(ke)拉鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)石(shi)，用一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)二百(bai)美金(jin)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)買到(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)克(ke)拉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛坯(pi)，經(jing)過(guo)加工后價(jia)值就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)三千(qian)到(dao)(dao)五千(qian)美金(jin)，那(nei)(nei)經(jing)過(guo)零售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時，一(yi)(yi)(yi)克(ke)拉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬到(dao)(dao)兩萬美金(jin)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格差不(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)翻了(le)(le)十倍(bei)。我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)暫且不(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)談網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)石(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)手段(duan)(duan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)(yi)長久地(di)發展，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)線上(shang)(shang)(shang)直(zhi)銷(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)通過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)可以(yi)(yi)獲得性(xing)價(jia)比更(geng)(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)難理解電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)受眾中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特青(qing)睞(lai)了(le)(le)。另外，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興起也(ye)(ye)促進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)手段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革和(he)(he)創新。支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)寶(bao)和(he)(he)微信支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)行(xing)，使貨幣也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)化，人(ren)們(men)(men)更(geng)(geng)情(qing)(qing)愿去(qu)用攜帶方便、安全性(xing)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)手段(duan)(duan)來(lai)(lai)讓(rang)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活更(geng)(geng)加便利。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)無疑(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)迅(xun)速風(feng)靡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個重要原因。

二、電子商務(wu)經濟的(de)興(xing)起對市場環境的(de)影響

當我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)暫且刨去(qu)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)興起(qi)對(dui)傳統經(jing)營(ying)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)影響，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崛(jue)起(qi)對(dui)市場環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)性(xing)我(wo)(wo)(wo)認為(wei)主要是(shi)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)方面，一(yi)是(shi)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)小型企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓制，二(er)是(shi)惡性(xing)競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)引(yin)起(qi)過(guo)度融(rong)資(zi)(zi)而造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泡沫化風險(xian)過(guo)大(da)(da)。第(di)一(yi)，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興起(qi)會(hui)造成(cheng)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)小型企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強力壓制。為(wei)何這(zhe)樣說(shuo)，首(shou)先請允(yun)許(xu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)來(lai)問一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)問題(ti)，如果我(wo)(wo)(wo)讓你(ni)(ni)說(shuo)出(chu)十個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)冰激凌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)牌(pai)，你(ni)(ni)能(neng)(neng)很快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)出(chu)嗎?那你(ni)(ni)又是(shi)否知道我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)曾(ceng)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冰激凌界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)佬哈根達斯早就不(bu)(bu)是(shi)原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈根達斯而是(shi)被和路雪收購后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)牌(pai)嗎?在(zai)任何一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，都(dou)存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)贏者(zhe)(zhe)通吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場機制，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)也不(bu)(bu)會(hui)例外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)。在(zai)現(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，試(shi)問有(you)誰敢和BAT(百度、阿里巴巴、騰訊)相(xiang)抗衡(heng)。也許(xu)有(you)人說(shuo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)所做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)不(bu)(bu)打算和這(zhe)些巨頭相(xiang)競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)，你(ni)(ni)走(zou)(zou)你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽關(guan)道，我(wo)(wo)(wo)走(zou)(zou)我(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)木(mu)橋。那么(me)(me)我(wo)(wo)(wo)想說(shuo)，如果你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)木(mu)橋走(zou)(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)越來(lai)越順(shun)，走(zou)(zou)到了(le)(le)陽關(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路口，你(ni)(ni)會(hui)不(bu)(bu)引(yin)起(qi)BAT的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)嗎?中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)只會(hui)停留在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)初期(qi)，擁(yong)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)也絕(jue)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)很多，發(fa)展(zhan)重大(da)(da)起(qi)來(lai)后也逃(tao)不(bu)(bu)掉被大(da)(da)型企(qi)(qi)業(ye)收購的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命運(yun)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)領(ling)域，競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命運(yun)是(shi)適(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)生存(cun)，更(geng)何況電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)領(ling)域現(xian)在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)已經(jing)比較成(cheng)熟，BAT的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)讓電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)(le)獨(du)裁統治，想要分一(yi)杯羹(geng)是(shi)極難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。第(di)二(er)，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)導致了(le)(le)同型企(qi)(qi)業(ye)為(wei)了(le)(le)生存(cun)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)。例如在(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)變成(cheng)了(le)(le)O2O的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)線(xian)下服務(wu)利用(yong)線(xian)上來(lai)招攬(lan)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)先來(lai)看一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)數據，美(mei)(mei)團外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)D輪(lun)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)七億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，在(zai)談融(rong)資(zi)(zi)十億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，餓了(le)(le)么(me)(me)E輪(lun)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)3.5億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)。單(dan)(dan)單(dan)(dan)一(yi)輪(lun)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)就上億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，更(geng)加(jia)惡性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，這(zhe)上億的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)在(zai)短短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間內就被‘花錢(qian)如流水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)集團花費(fei)掉。在(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，商(shang)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)相(xiang)徑庭(ting)讓不(bu)(bu)同企(qi)(qi)業(ye)無(wu)法提高商(shang)品(pin)價值而提高競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)力，為(wei)了(le)(le)在(zai)同等企(qi)(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)占據優勢，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)只能(neng)(neng)在(zai)優惠政策上不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)推優以(yi)(yi)博取顧客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青睞，長期(qi)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)并不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在(zai)，或者(zhe)(zhe)說(shuo)顧客(ke)在(zai)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)通過(guo)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)得(de)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品(pin)，并不(bu)(bu)在(zai)乎是(shi)哪家外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)送來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)品(pin)牌(pai)只能(neng)(neng)通過(guo)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)推出(chu)優惠政策來(lai)試(shi)圖(tu)在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)獨(du)占鰲(ao)頭。

緒論

農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)是(shi)我國(guo)用電(dian)需(xu)(xu)求潛力(li)(li)(li)(li)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)地區(qu)(qu)，由于(yu)受電(dian)網的(de)(de)制(zhi)約，加之管理體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)合理，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)用電(dian)需(xu)(xu)求還(huan)很低，"有電(dian)用不(bu)(bu)上和(he)有電(dian)用不(bu)(bu)起"的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)還(huan)相當嚴重(zhong)。為(wei)了解決(jue)這一(yi)問(wen)題(ti)，1998年(nian)以來(lai)，國(guo)家實施了大(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)網建設(she)與改(gai)造，一(yi)、二期已(yi)經(jing)基本完成，經(jing)過(guo)5年(nian)多的(de)(de)努力(li)(li)(li)(li)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)網建設(she)與改(gai)造工(gong)作已(yi)取(qu)得了顯著成效。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)網覆蓋面不(bu)(bu)斷擴大(da)(da)(da)，供電(dian)能力(li)(li)(li)(li)、質量和(he)可靠性明顯提(ti)(ti)高，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活條件得到(dao)(dao)改(gai)善，有力(li)(li)(li)(li)地促進(jin)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)地區(qu)(qu)用電(dian)量的(de)(de)快(kuai)速增長，這對(dui)提(ti)(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)(sheng)活水平和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活質量、啟動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)市場(chang)、擴大(da)(da)(da)內需(xu)(xu)、拉動經(jing)濟增長起到(dao)(dao)了重(zhong)要作用。但(dan)總體(ti)(ti)來(lai)看，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)網結構還(huan)比較薄弱，還(huan)不(bu)(bu)能滿足農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)地區(qu)(qu)用電(dian)快(kuai)速增長的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要，繼續完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)網、加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)建設(she)將是(shi)一(yi)項長期的(de)(de)任(ren)務(wu)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)網改(gai)造的(de)(de)意義何(he)(he)在(zai)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)究竟(jing)要怎樣來(lai)進(jin)行，這依(yi)然(ran)是(shi)我們需(xu)(xu)要不(bu)(bu)斷研究與創新的(de)(de)課題(ti)。俗話說(shuo)的(de)(de)好，國(guo)家要發展(zhan)，電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)要先行，如(ru)何(he)(he)才能發展(zhan)好電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)事業，怎樣才能利(li)國(guo)利(li)民，使(shi)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作服務(wu)于(yu)經(jing)濟，服務(wu)于(yu)社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)。

本論

第(di)一章農(nong)電改造取得的初步成果

隨(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)迅猛發展，特別是農(nong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)"兩(liang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)一同價"工(gong)程的(de)(de)實(shi)施，農(nong)村電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)結構(gou)布局(ju)(ju)日(ri)趨(qu)合理(li)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應緊(jin)張的(de)(de)局(ju)(ju)面得到(dao)了很大改(gai)(gai)(gai)變，廣大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)客戶對供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)質量和售后服務的(de)(de)要求也(ye)越來越高。因此，縣(xian)級供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)必須與時俱(ju)進，適時調整(zheng)營銷策略，改(gai)(gai)(gai)變以(yi)往"皇(huang)帝女(nv)兒不(bu)(bu)(bu)愁嫁"的(de)(de)傳統經(jing)營理(li)念(nian)，樹立客戶是上帝、以(yi)客戶為(wei)中心的(de)(de)服務意(yi)識，采取各種促(cu)銷手段(duan)，積極開拓農(nong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市場，不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)尋求新的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)增長(chang)點。這已成為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)企業(ye)實(shi)現(xian)自身(shen)生(sheng)存和發展的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。宜春電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)創新營銷策略，經(jing)過5年的(de)(de)努力(li)(li)，目前已實(shi)現(xian)縣(xian)域內城鄉用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同網(wang)同價，供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量以(yi)15%的(de)(de)幅(fu)度連(lian)年遞增。縣(xian)局(ju)(ju)已步(bu)入(ru)良性(xing)發展階段(duan)。

"兩改一同價"后的(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)已經顯現，農村(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網結構得到了(le)(le)優化，低壓線損(sun)顯著降低，農村(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價普遍下降，農村(cun)(cun)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)質量(liang)和安全可靠性(xing)提高。家庭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)普及，改善了(le)(le)農民(min)的(de)(de)(de)生活質量(liang)，促進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)農村(cun)(cun)經濟迅速發展。另外(wai)，近年來，國家也出臺了(le)(le)一系列規范電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價、促進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消費、住宅用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)消費的(de)(de)(de)措施。

摘要(yao):本文(wen)首(shou)先對新時(shi)期電(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)改革的主要(yao)內容作出(chu)簡(jian)要(yao)敘述，然后敘述了電(dian)力(li)(li)工商(shang)管理在面(mian)對電(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)改革中(zhong)的挑戰(zhan)應(ying)當(dang)作出(chu)何種改變，最后提出(chu)電(dian)力(li)(li)工商(shang)管理應(ying)當(dang)在電(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)改革下將人才(cai)的培育放在首(shou)要(yao)位(wei)置，希(xi)望能夠(gou)(gou)通(tong)過本篇文(wen)章為電(dian)力(li)(li)行業的發(fa)展(zhan)提供些(xie)許借鑒意(yi)義，同時(shi)也能夠(gou)(gou)推動(dong)電(dian)力(li)(li)工商(shang)管理的發(fa)展(zhan)。

關鍵詞:電(dian)力市場;改革;電(dian)力工商(shang)管理

我(wo)(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)電力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)改(gai)革(ge)至(zhi)今已有二十(shi)一年之(zhi)久。在電力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)改(gai)革(ge)期間(jian)，我(wo)(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)電力行(xing)業獲得了明顯的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，總體上處于一個蓬勃生長的(de)(de)(de)階段。但在電力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)改(gai)革(ge)中仍然存在些許問題，電力工商(shang)管理的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與電力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)矛盾就是阻(zu)礙當(dang)下(xia)電力行(xing)業發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)較(jiao)為嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一項問題，電力工作人員(yuan)必須(xu)對(dui)其重(zhong)視起(qi)來。

一、電力工商管理在電力市(shi)場改革(ge)下需要作出改變(bian)

在(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)時期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)是(shi)(shi)推進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機制。在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)也同樣(yang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)作出(chu)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)。（一(yi)）培養行(xing)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。改(gai)(gai)革(ge)就意(yi)味著創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)同樣(yang)也在(zai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)在(zai)內(nei)(nei)容和(he)形式(shi)上都完完全全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)，用以適應(ying)(ying)新(xin)(xin)(xin)時代市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化和(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)對(dui)(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)來說，是(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)魂和(he)核(he)心，只有(you)(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不(bu)斷進(jin)(jin)行(xing)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)帶動整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部順(shun)應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)做出(chu)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，從(cong)而使得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)真正(zheng)獲得(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。這(zhe)(zhe)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)(ren)員在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)結合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際情況，遵(zun)從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前進(jin)(jin)方向(xiang)，不(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao)(gao)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)專業(ye)素質技能(neng)(neng)(neng)，在(zai)傳統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)內(nei)(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上針對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部結構作出(chu)適應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大變(bian)革(ge)。（二）加(jia)強(qiang)行(xing)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)變(bian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)成不(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)(suo)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)變(bian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)也就顯得(de)較為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。目(mu)前，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)將整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景逐(zhu)漸(jian)由計劃體(ti)制轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)以市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)導向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)制，這(zhe)(zhe)也意(yi)味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)面對(dui)(dui)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)鮮事物和(he)未(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)風險。這(zhe)(zhe)也決定(ding)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)擁(yong)有(you)(you)(you)獨立(li)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)風險的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)帶領電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)獲得(de)長(chang)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。從(cong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度來看(kan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)現有(you)(you)(you)知(zhi)(zhi)識結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上不(bu)斷學(xue)習和(he)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)(jin)，揣測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未(wei)來發(fa)(fa)(fa)展趨勢(shi)，及早進(jin)(jin)入到新(xin)(xin)(xin)時期和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)制當中去，練就靈(ling)活多(duo)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維方式(shi)，用以應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千(qian)變(bian)萬化。（三）提(ti)高(gao)(gao)行(xing)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。“實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)是(shi)(shi)檢驗真理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)標(biao)(biao)準。”這(zhe)(zhe)句(ju)話無論歷經(jing)多(duo)少個春(chun)秋寒暑(shu)，都是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)類社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展所(suo)(suo)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)遵(zun)循的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然規律。我國進(jin)(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)終極目(mu)標(biao)(biao)是(shi)(shi)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程卻是(shi)(shi)千(qian)變(bian)萬化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)論知(zhi)(zhi)識固然能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)提(ti)供(gong)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)，但只有(you)(you)(you)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)確定(ding)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可行(xing)性，并將改(gai)(gai)革(ge)向(xiang)著終極目(mu)標(biao)(biao)推進(jin)(jin)。所(suo)(suo)以，對(dui)(dui)于新(xin)(xin)(xin)時期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)(ren)員來說，除了(le)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)掌握必(bi)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)論知(zhi)(zhi)識之(zhi)外，還需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)擁(yong)有(you)(you)(you)將理(li)(li)(li)論應(ying)(ying)用于實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。只有(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)面對(dui)(dui)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)問題(ti)時合(he)理(li)(li)(li)對(dui)(dui)問題(ti)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)解決，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)得(de)到順(shun)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。

二(er)、電(dian)力市場改革下(xia)電(dian)力工商管理(li)人才隊伍的建(jian)設

一、文獻述評

智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)目前(qian)國(guo)際(ji)上(shang)并沒有統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)。國(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)署給(gei)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)準確(que)地(di)概括了其共性:“智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)是使用(yong)(yong)數字和(he)(he)(he)(he)其他先進(jin)技(ji)術來(lai)(lai)(lai)監視(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)管理所有發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運輸(shu)，以(yi)滿足(zu)最終用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)不(bu)同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡。智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)通(tong)過統(tong)(tong)籌所有發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)運營(ying)商，終端用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)以(yi)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)利(li)益相關者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)高(gao)效(xiao)地(di)操(cao)控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個部(bu)分(fen)，在(zai)(zai)最大(da)限度降(jiang)(jiang)低成本和(he)(he)(he)(he)對減弱環境影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性、靈活性和(he)(he)(he)(he)穩定(ding)性。”帥軍(jun)慶(2009)我國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)司提(ti)出(chu)了堅(jian)強智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)，以(yi)特(te)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)骨干網(wang)(wang)(wang)架、各(ge)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)協調(diao)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅(jian)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎，利(li)用(yong)(yong)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信、信息(xi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)控(kong)制技(ji)術，構(gou)建以(yi)信息(xi)化(hua)(hua)、自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)、互(hu)動化(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)征的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)主(zhu)創新(xin)(xin)、國(guo)際(ji)領先、中國(guo)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅(jian)強智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。StevenE.Collier在(zai)(zai)2009年IEEE電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力和(he)(he)(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)議上(shang)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)，盡管智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)內(nei)涵不(bu)同(tong)，但(dan)(dan)具(ju)備自(zi)愈、用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)參與(yu)、抵御災害(hai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力、有大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)得以(yi)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展這五個特(te)征。陳志(zhi)恒(heng)等(deng)(2013)從發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度來(lai)(lai)(lai)看，受技(ji)術條件(jian)、商業價值、投資和(he)(he)(he)(he)政策框(kuang)架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制約，世界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)傳統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)向(xiang)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)“進(jin)化(hua)(hua)”，大(da)致都需(xu)要經過由(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)單向(xiang)傳輸(shu)到能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)信息(xi)雙向(xiang)傳輸(shu)、由(you)垂直一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)結(jie)構(gou)到網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)結(jie)構(gou)、由(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)次性輸(shu)出(chu)到儲存(cun)性輸(shu)出(chu)、由(you)壟斷(duan)化(hua)(hua)運營(ying)模(mo)式(shi)到市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)運營(ying)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漸進(jin)過程。智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)支持分(fen)布式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)入(ru)。Ackermann(2002)分(fen)布式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是以(yi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)構(gou)成，發力在(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)型發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單元。新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)包括水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、生物能(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)朝(chao)夕能(neng)(neng)(neng)。呂(lv)春泉(quan)等(deng)(2011)雖然(ran)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具(ju)有清潔性，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠有效(xiao)降(jiang)(jiang)低CO2等(deng)溫室(shi)氣體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排放(fang)，但(dan)(dan)同(tong)時(shi)，具(ju)備隨機性、間歇性、開發成本高(gao)、反用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰等(deng)不(bu)穩定(ding)特(te)征，直接(jie)接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)會(hui)(hui)對傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)造成巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊，進(jin)而大(da)大(da)降(jiang)(jiang)低傳統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性及可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性。但(dan)(dan)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術、柔性直流(liu)技(ji)術、新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)綜合利(li)用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施，解決了技(ji)術因素(su)，例如(ru)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)司完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河北(bei)張(zhang)北(bei)風光儲示范工程。

當前我國政府提供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)補貼政策解決(jue)了(le)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展將(jiang)(jiang)進一(yi)步改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)壟(long)斷(duan)屬(shu)性(xing)，提高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)彈性(xing)。胡(hu)恩同(2011)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)產(chan)業(ye)具(ju)備自然(ran)壟(long)斷(duan)屬(shu)性(xing)，是(shi)(shi)現代(dai)(dai)社會(hui)不(bu)(bu)可或缺(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活必需(xu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)具(ju)備無形、無色、無味、看不(bu)(bu)見、摸不(bu)(bu)著、危險大(da)(da)、同質性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。作為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，具(ju)備企(qi)業(ye)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模大(da)(da)、資(zi)(zi)金(jin)密集、投(tou)資(zi)(zi)周期長(chang)、資(zi)(zi)本(ben)存量(liang)調整困(kun)難、難以(yi)儲(chu)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點;作為(wei)(wei)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)品(pin)(pin)(pin)具(ju)備消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)集中，時(shi)(shi)間(jian)周期性(xing)強(qiang)，可替代(dai)(dai)性(xing)差，缺(que)乏需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。供(gong)(gong)給(gei)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)瞬間(jian)平衡(heng)(heng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)質量(liang)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器壽命和質量(liang)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)影響，負荷變(bian)(bian)(bian)化瞬間(jian)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)影響。戚(qi)聿東(dong)，范合君(2009)但隨著技(ji)術和經(jing)濟理(li)論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)壟(long)斷(duan)屬(shu)性(xing)逐漸在(zai)削弱(ruo)。例如，隨著發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展導致發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最小效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模顯著下降。20世紀(ji)80年代(dai)(dai)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最小效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模為(wei)(wei)900MW，而到(dao)了(le)90年代(dai)(dai)中期最小效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模縮小為(wei)(wei)100MW(bayless，1994)。因(yin)此(ci)，最近20年新建電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模和分(fen)布較之(zhi)以(yi)往明顯變(bian)(bian)(bian)小和分(fen)散，但是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)卻大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增強(qiang)。目前，西方(fang)國家和我國已經(jing)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域(yu)映入(ru)了(le)競爭，促(cu)使企(qi)業(ye)提高(gao)(gao)了(le)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)、改(gai)進了(le)服務、降低了(le)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)，壟(long)斷(duan)行業(ye)煥發(fa)(fa)了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機活力(li)(li)(li)。居民、商業(ye)及工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)戶具(ju)有不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)彈性(xing)(，消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者對(dui)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)反(fan)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)種(zhong)方(fang)式決(jue)定了(le)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小，價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)上漲時(shi)(shi)，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者可以(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)替代(dai)(dai)品(pin)(pin)(pin);二(er)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)選(xuan)擇(ze)替代(dai)(dai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，可以(yi)減(jian)少該產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);三(san)是(shi)(shi)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)，減(jian)少在(zai)其他(ta)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)使得分(fen)布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)成為(wei)(wei)傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司供(gong)(gong)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)替代(dai)(dai)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)GriffinJM等，2005)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場中，分(fen)布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)設備將(jiang)(jiang)成為(wei)(wei)用(yong)戶選(xuan)擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)替代(dai)(dai)，這將(jiang)(jiang)提高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)彈性(xing)。綜上所述，學者們(men)普遍認(ren)識(shi)到(dao)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域(yu)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術革(ge)命，更(geng)將(jiang)(jiang)進一(yi)步推(tui)動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產(chan)業(ye)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)，但忽視了(le)對(dui)市(shi)(shi)場結構(gou)演變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究。正是(shi)(shi)基于此(ci)，本(ben)文用(yong)博弈論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，在(zai)借鑒古諾均衡(heng)(heng)模型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，引入(ru)了(le)多個需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)市(shi)(shi)場，給(gei)出不(bu)(bu)同市(shi)(shi)場結構(gou)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均衡(heng)(heng)解和均衡(heng)(heng)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)，并與完全(quan)壟(long)斷(duan)市(shi)(shi)場進行比較。

二(er)、智能(neng)電(dian)網下電(dian)力市場的不同均衡

(一)問題的轉化

從對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)角度看(kan)，智能電(dian)(dian)網實現了分布式新能源的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)入，為電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)帶來(lai)了新的(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，消(xiao)費者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)選擇范圍和需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)價格彈性增(zeng)加(jia)了。市(shi)場(chang)結(jie)構(gou)從完成(cheng)壟斷逐漸演化為競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)。于是，我們(men)將問題(ti)轉化為新的(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)對市(shi)場(chang)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，關注的(de)(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供應(ying)商和消(xiao)費者(zhe)(zhe)行為發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)變化、新的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡數量(liang)以及新的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)價形成(cheng)機制(zhi)。

[摘(zhai)要(yao)(yao)]正(zheng)確把握“雙循(xun)環”的(de)內涵與(yu)運行機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)助于(yu)促進農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)繁(fan)榮發展(zhan)、鞏固(gu)脫貧攻堅成果和推動鄉村(cun)產(chan)業振興(xing)。農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)生態系(xi)統通過動力(li)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)、多(duo)方協(xie)作機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)、利益共(gong)享機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)拓寬了(le)農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)生態系(xi)統的(de)地理(li)邊(bian)界、加深了(le)各要(yao)(yao)素(su)之間的(de)聯(lian)動，推動農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)實現可持續繁(fan)榮發展(zhan)，但農村(cun)承接資源轉換(huan)效率和鄉村(cun)現代(dai)化(hua)治理(li)能力(li)需要(yao)(yao)提升，需要(yao)(yao)在“雙循(xun)環”發展(zhan)格局平臺載體、產(chan)業鏈(lian)供應(ying)鏈(lian)、內需市(shi)場(chang)和發展(zhan)環境四個方面進行優化(hua)。

[關鍵詞]農村電商(shang)；生態(tai)系統；“雙循環”發展格局(ju)；機遇與挑戰；優(you)化路徑

隨(sui)著互聯網(wang)的(de)快速發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，我國(guo)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設不斷深(shen)入，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)市場得以有(you)(you)效開(kai)發，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)正朝著規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)(hua)、系(xi)統化(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)向發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。在全球化(hua)(hua)(hua)、信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時代(dai)，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)將有(you)(you)效緩解我國(guo)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不平衡、不充分(fen)問題，有(you)(you)效挖掘農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)消費、開(kai)辟農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)供需市場，是國(guo)內國(guo)際“雙(shuang)(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環”的(de)重要(yao)路徑。中央一號(hao)文件連續七(qi)年指(zhi)出(chu)要(yao)加大農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，雙(shuang)(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環新發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)為(wei)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提供了(le)國(guo)內國(guo)際發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)新空間，更(geng)重要(yao)的(de)是，“雙(shuang)(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環”新發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)為(wei)進一步優化(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)生態系(xi)統指(zhi)明了(le)方(fang)向。

一、“雙循環(huan)”新發展格局的提出與戰略內(nei)涵

經(jing)(jing)過(guo)四十多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)綜(zong)合國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)力得到(dao)大(da)(da)幅度提(ti)升，現(xian)已成為世界第(di)二大(da)(da)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)，制造業(ye)大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和商(shang)品消費(fei)大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，雙(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)出順應了(le)時(shi)代(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。2020年(nian)以來，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)社會發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進入(ru)了(le)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)而(er)言(yan)，我們徹(che)底消除(chu)了(le)絕(jue)對貧(pin)困的(de)(de)(de)歷史性(xing)(xing)標簽，實現(xian)了(le)第(di)一(yi)個(ge)百年(nian)奮(fen)斗(dou)目(mu)標，完成了(le)全(quan)面(mian)建成小康(kang)社會的(de)(de)(de)任務，開(kai)啟(qi)了(le)全(quan)面(mian)建設(she)社會主(zhu)義現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)征程(cheng)，步入(ru)了(le)高質量發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)。與此同時(shi)，互(hu)聯(lian)網、物聯(lian)網、人工智能等數字經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)得到(dao)快(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，并不(bu)(bu)斷向全(quan)社會滲透，大(da)(da)數據與實體(ti)(ti)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)不(bu)(bu)斷融合發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際上，逆全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)貿易(yi)保護主(zhu)義勢(shi)頭增大(da)(da)，中(zhong)美貿易(yi)摩擦不(bu)(bu)斷加劇，新(xin)(xin)冠疫(yi)情對全(quan)球(qiu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)社會造成嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)，世界百年(nian)未有之(zhi)大(da)(da)變(bian)局(ju)(ju)(ju)持續深化(hua)，全(quan)球(qiu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)面(mian)臨諸多不(bu)(bu)確定性(xing)(xing)因素。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際環(huan)境(jing)如此錯綜(zong)復(fu)(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)，雙(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)順應時(shi)代(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)求(qiu)被(bei)提(ti)出來，正(zheng)如習(xi)近(jin)平總書記所(suo)指(zhi)出的(de)(de)(de)那樣(yang)，雙(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)塑我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)大(da)(da)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)合作與競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)(you)勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)戰略選(xuan)擇，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)封閉的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際雙(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)。“雙(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)”新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)黨中(zhong)央立(li)足全(quan)球(qiu)視野，對國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)環(huan)境(jing)變(bian)化(hua)進行科學研判后提(ti)出來的(de)(de)(de)。“雙(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)”新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)立(li)足點放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生產(chan)(chan)端優(you)(you)化(hua)供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)，中(zhong)間段(duan)暢通物流(liu)(liu)鏈(lian)，銷售端開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和深挖消費(fei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)得到(dao)滿足的(de)(de)(de)基礎上主(zhu)動(dong)加入(ru)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，做到(dao)用國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)繁榮帶動(dong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)蘇，最終要(yao)形成國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)為主(zhu)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際雙(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)相互(hu)促(cu)進的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農村電商(shang)生態系統視角下(xia)，“雙(shuang)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)”新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)戰略內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)涵(han)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)促(cu)進物流(liu)(liu)、信息流(liu)(liu)、資金(jin)流(liu)(liu)等要(yao)素在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)城鄉(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)通，暢通城鄉(xiang)之(zhi)間、傳統產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)“痛(tong)點堵點”問題，促(cu)進要(yao)素在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)城鄉(xiang)之(zhi)間、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際之(zhi)間自(zi)由流(liu)(liu)動(dong)和組合優(you)(you)化(hua)；高質量聚焦供(gong)(gong)應體(ti)(ti)系，深挖市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)，優(you)(you)化(hua)整合涉(she)農供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)，提(ti)高供(gong)(gong)給側和需(xu)求(qiu)側的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)力。

二、“雙(shuang)循(xun)環(huan)”新發展(zhan)格(ge)局對優化農村(cun)電(dian)商生(sheng)態系統(tong)的(de)機遇與挑戰

澳(ao)大利亞、俄羅(luo)斯電力(li)雙邊交易市場模式

澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、經(jing)紀(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、終(zhong)端用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)公司(si)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)將(jiang)(jiang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)可(ke)(ke)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)降(jiang)低(di)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)位(contractpositions)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)波動(dong)，確保(bao)(bao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)(li)(li)(li)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)見圖2。(1)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)、非交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，經(jing)紀(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)終(zhong)端用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，經(jing)紀(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)買方(fang)(fang)(fang)和買方(fang)(fang)(fang)牽線(xian)搭(da)橋(qiao)，并(bing)(bing)從(cong)(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)收取傭金(jin)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，經(jing)紀(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)撮(cuo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，并(bing)(bing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)操(cao)作，為(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)數(shu)據(ju)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他專(zhuan)業(ye)服務，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)披露的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)承擔發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務或(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)擔保(bao)(bao)，按(an)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，充任中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)具有(you)(you)1000萬澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)元(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)(zi)產，并(bing)(bing)持有(you)(you)執照(zhao)［3］。非交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)公司(si)(NationalElectricityMarketManagementCompany，NEMMCO)、澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)競爭和消費(fei)委(wei)員會(Austral-iaCompetitionandConsumerCommission，簡稱(cheng)AC-CC)、獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(IndependentMarketOperatorandMarketAdminister)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，NEMMCO為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非盈利(li)(li)(li)(li)性組織(zhi)，負(fu)(fu)責全國互(hu)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)成(cheng)(cheng)員提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)諸如(ru)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)預測、再調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)數(shu)據(ju)(價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)敏感性分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析)、調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)數(shu)據(ju)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)景分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)系統充裕度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(7天)、長期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(2年(nian)(nian))預測等市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi);ACCC主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)負(fu)(fu)責實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宏(hong)觀指導和監督;獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)負(fu)(fu)責長期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充裕度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)劃(hua)，支(zhi)持備用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。(2)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)型按(an)照(zhao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)貨(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi);按(an)照(zhao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)跨(kua)度(du)(du)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)遠(yuan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。1)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)貨(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品將(jiang)(jiang)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)貨(huo)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)貨(huo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)到(dao)(dao)(dao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)支(zhi)付(fu)補(bu)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)貨(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)具有(you)(you)如(ru)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)特(te)點:一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)(wan)(wan)全匿名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)補(bu)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(margincall)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)基(ji)(ji)本上(shang)消除了信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。D-cyphaTrade(為(wei)(wei)(wei)注冊于(yu)(yu)新(xin)西蘭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)產業(ye)網絡，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)公司(si)、金(jin)融(rong)(rong)貿易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)家，金(jin)融(rong)(rong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)協(xie)會和政府(fu)(fu)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)等，作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)設計(ji)、支(zhi)持、構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)建交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)SFE市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)引入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，該(gai)(gai)(gai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)從(cong)(cong)2002年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)貨(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。2005年(nian)(nian)2月至2006年(nian)(nian)2月期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，該(gai)(gai)(gai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)貨(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)等于(yu)(yu)NEM物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)22%，并(bing)(bing)呈現(xian)持續快速增長趨(qu)勢。2)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)直接(jie)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)OTC交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)。期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條款(kuan)及(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)由(you)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)談判確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、由(you)經(jing)紀(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。經(jing)紀(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)衍生(sheng)品有(you)(you)掉期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、標準(zhun)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)權(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。這(zhe)些商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)通(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)達成(cheng)(cheng)協(xie)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)通(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，并(bing)(bing)通(tong)(tong)過雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)協(xie)議完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。3)遠(yuan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遠(yuan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。但(dan)(dan)(dan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。遠(yuan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)因遠(yuan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純粹(cui)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)而不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。如(ru)果發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)到(dao)(dao)(dao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)滿(man)足合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，則(ze)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)(cong)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)購(gou)(gou)買額外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)該(gai)(gai)(gai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)僅占實(shi)際(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)除了支(zhi)付(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)外(wai)，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)額外(wai)支(zhi)付(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)筆費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，該(gai)(gai)(gai)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)貨(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)相(xiang)關。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)該(gai)(gai)(gai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)通(tong)(tong)過現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)。大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限不(bu)(bu)超(chao)過5年(nian)(nian)。多(duo)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)沖(chong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。通(tong)(tong)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)將(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)起(qi)來，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠涵蓋所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，而不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)簽(qian)訂多(duo)個(ge)獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。4)短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)又稱(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(或(huo)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)外(wai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)內簽(qian)訂標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段(duan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(standardizedblocksofelectricity)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)未來一(yi)(yi)(yi)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(MW•h)。短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)購(gou)(gou)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)了靈活購(gou)(gou)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)接(jie)近運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即時(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，如(ru)天氣(qi)條件及(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)故障事(shi)件等調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，從(cong)(cong)而降(jiang)低(di)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)經(jing)紀(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)OTC交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。這(zhe)些均為(wei)(wei)(wei)短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限小于(yu)(yu)3年(nian)(nian)。經(jing)紀(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)OTC交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)超(chao)過交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40%。經(jing)紀(ji)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)OTC交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展起(qi)著(zhu)越來越重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)該(gai)(gai)(gai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得更(geng)(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，并(bing)(bing)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)掌握的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。(3)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)1)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)將(jiang)(jiang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)個(ge)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，須(xu)向獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)提(ti)(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，而購(gou)(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)須(xu)提(ti)(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)。獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)將(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)曲線(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)曲線(xian)。最(zui)(zui)(zui)后，根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)曲線(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)曲線(xian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)位確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)曲線(xian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)表示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)代表每(mei)個(ge)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)水平(ping)(ping)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)愿意提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)總和。若市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，XMW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來自非液(ye)體(ti)(ti)燃(ran)料(如(ru)天然(ran)氣(qi)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)煤)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，YMW是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來自液(ye)體(ti)(ti)燃(ran)料(餾分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)油(you))發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則(ze)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)前(qian)XMW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)于(yu)(yu)短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(最(zui)(zui)(zui)初為(wei)(wei)(wei)150美元(yuan)(yuan)/(MW•h)，并(bing)(bing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng))，最(zui)(zui)(zui)后YMW供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)于(yu)(yu)第二種(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(最(zui)(zui)(zui)初為(wei)(wei)(wei)385美元(yuan)(yuan)/(MW•h)，并(bing)(bing)依據(ju)石油(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)變(bian)化(hua)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)每(mei)月調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng))。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)曲線(xian)表示(shi)每(mei)個(ge)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)水平(ping)(ping)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)購(gou)(gou)買的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)總和。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)均需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)且低(di)于(yu)(yu)第二種(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，且隨(sui)著(zhu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。2)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)①價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)防范機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)面臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)難題是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)何降(jiang)低(di)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波動(dong)問題。針對(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)類(lei)(lei)問題，2001年(nian)(nian)，新(xin)南威爾士州(NewSouthWales，簡稱(cheng)NSW)政府(fu)(fu)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)均衡(heng)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(ETEF)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)非競爭性負(fu)(fu)荷(he)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)掉期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，但(dan)(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)受(shou)(shou)NSW財(cai)政部監管(guan)(guan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)協(xie)議下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，不(bu)(bu)管(guan)(guan)現(xian)貨(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)低(di)于(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)營用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)均須(xu)向該(gai)(gai)(gai)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)繳納資(zi)(zi)金(jin)。當實(shi)際(ji)(ji)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)正好相(xiang)反時(shi)(shi)(shi)，零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)從(cong)(cong)先前(qian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)繳納的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)付(fu)。當基(ji)(ji)金(jin)余額降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)水平(ping)(ping)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，NSW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)照(zhao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例，填補(bu)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)。零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭已經(jing)取消銷售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)營權(quan)，這(zhe)使(shi)得ETEF的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)逐漸(jian)降(jiang)低(di)。昆(kun)(kun)士蘭(Queensland)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)長期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)采購(gou)(gou)協(xie)議，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ETEF相(xiang)似，但(dan)(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)該(gai)(gai)(gai)協(xie)議沒有(you)(you)涉及(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)(dao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，因此(ci)(ci)起(qi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政府(fu)(fu)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，并(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)因此(ci)(ci)從(cong)(cong)昆(kun)(kun)士蘭財(cai)政部得到(dao)(dao)(dao)補(bu)償。但(dan)(dan)(dan)當收入(ru)超(chao)過費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)向財(cai)政部繳納一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)。②交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)防范機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金(jin)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)完(wan)(wan)(wan)全獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)降(jiang)低(di)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，受(shou)(shou)證券市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)監管(guan)(guan)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)簽(qian)訂金(jin)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)流動(dong)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)權(quan)益(yi)保(bao)(bao)護合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)套(tao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)值合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、區域(yu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)套(tao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)值合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)和期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)貨(huo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)(yue)等。大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)沖(chong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”和“交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。對(dui)(dui)(dui)沖(chong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純粹(cui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了抵(di)消風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)留一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)試(shi)圖通(tong)(tong)過該(gai)(gai)(gai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)活動(dong)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收益(yi)。通(tong)(tong)常，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)沖(chong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)更(geng)(geng)嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監管(guan)(guan)，且交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)占的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例較小，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)取決(jue)于(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏好情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)。3)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)位(contractposi-tions)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)波動(dong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)該(gai)(gai)(gai)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，系統管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)過調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擁有(you)(you)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)必(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，系統管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)將(jiang)(jiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)出通(tong)(tong)知令市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)經(jing)濟行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，使(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)滿(man)足實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)支(zhi)付(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)隨(sui)著(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)，但(dan)(dan)(dan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)將(jiang)(jiang)趨(qu)近于(yu)(yu)短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，系統管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)過運(yun)(yun)營短(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，使(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)個(ge)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠通(tong)(tong)過該(gai)(gai)(gai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)位。系統管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)還將(jiang)(jiang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)偏差。

俄羅(luo)(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)包括批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司(si)、地方(fang)(fang)(fang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)、FTC和(he)(he)(he)大終端用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構(gou)等。雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)由(you)非贏(ying)(ying)利(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)管理(li)機(ji)構(gou)(ATS)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管理(li)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)改(gai)(gai)變發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需平(ping)衡(heng)。俄羅(luo)(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)圖3所(suo)(suo)示(shi)。圖3俄羅(luo)(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)模式(shi)(1)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體俄羅(luo)(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)主(zhu)體包括發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)、售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)、經(jing)紀商(shang)(shang)、終端用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)應(ying)諾供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)(GuaranteeSupplier)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，經(jing)紀商(shang)(shang)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)買方(fang)(fang)(fang)和(he)(he)(he)賣方(fang)(fang)(fang)牽線搭橋(qiao)，并從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)收(shou)取(qu)傭金(jin)。應(ying)諾供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)，主(zhu)要職(zhi)責是(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)任何有(you)(you)意(yi)愿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)簽(qian)訂(ding)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(只(zhi)要消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)內(nei)(nei))，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)非批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體但(dan)滿足一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)。非交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)主(zhu)體包括:1)聯邦輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司(si)(FederalTransmissionCom-pany，簡稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)FTC)，負責所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)220kV以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路和(he)(he)(he)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、維護和(he)(he)(he)建設。2)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)機(ji)構(gou)(SystemOperator，簡稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)SO)公司(si)。SO合(he)(he)并莫斯(si)(si)(si)科的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)局(ju)和(he)(he)(he)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。國家將擁有(you)(you)SO的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)75%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)份。SO負責UES的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)無歧視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)入系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。3)非贏(ying)(ying)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)管理(li)機(ji)構(gou)(Administra-torofTradingSystem，簡稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)ATS)，組織電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)活(huo)動(dong)、進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)平(ping)衡(heng)結算、對(dui)(dui)管制(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)自由(you)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管理(li)，并充當監管機(ji)構(gou)。負責批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)和(he)(he)(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)，記錄雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，確定(ding)現(xian)(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)上(shang)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)母線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，并監視批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)上(shang)按協議(yi)應(ying)支付(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)。(2)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類型(xing)按照(zhao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)長短劃(hua)分，俄羅(luo)(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)遠(yuan)(yuan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、期(qi)(qi)(qi)貨雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，短期(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。遠(yuan)(yuan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、期(qi)(qi)(qi)貨雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)求(qiu)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)簽(qian)訂(ding)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)約定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)未(wei)(wei)來某一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)涉及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)與(yu)(yu)(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大部(bu)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)遠(yuan)(yuan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，購售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)簽(qian)訂(ding)提前(qian)(qian)幾天、幾月(yue)、一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若干年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。遠(yuan)(yuan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)割(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)1h(又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)閘時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，GateClosure)才會(hui)關(guan)閉(bi)。短期(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(或(huo)(huo)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)外交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)內(nei)(nei)簽(qian)訂(ding)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)段(duan)(duan)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(standardizedblocksofelectricity)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)未(wei)(wei)來一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)數量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(MW•h)。短期(qi)(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)購售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)了靈活(huo)購售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)接(jie)近運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)信息，如(ru)天氣條件及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)故障事件等調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，從(cong)而降低交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)險。(3)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)1)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)［4，5］。俄羅(luo)(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，非贏(ying)(ying)利(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)管理(li)機(ji)構(gou)(ATS)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)商(shang)(shang)，確保交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)(li)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)必須在(zai)(zai)(zai)ATS處登記，ATS將根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)確定(ding)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)俄羅(luo)(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訂(ding)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)可(ke)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)燃料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本和(he)(he)(he)通(tong)貨膨脹(zhang)變化(hua)(hua)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。隨著市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷推(tui)進(jin)，俄羅(luo)(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)逐步放開價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)管制(zhi)(zhi)，適當提高(gao)居民電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，減(jian)少(shao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)補(bu)貼，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)買賣雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)自由(you)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、簽(qian)署長期(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例，說明雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)下(xia)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)將選(xuan)定(ding)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)割(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)參考區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)割(ge)(ge)(ge)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。若所(suo)(suo)選(xuan)參考區(qu)(qu)域(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，則對(dui)(dui)該(gai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)而言(yan)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)割(ge)(ge)(ge)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鎖定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)風(feng)險較小，節(jie)點(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波動(dong)將傳導至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，將雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)Hub鎖定(ding)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透明度(du)(du)，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)對(dui)(dui)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)而言(yan)公開、透明。Hub是(shi)(shi)(shi)依據(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)相關(guan)度(du)(du)而結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)列節(jie)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)合(he)(he)。這意(yi)味著，Hub所(suo)(suo)包含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)前(qian)(qian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)偏離Hub指(zhi)(zhi)數，但(dan)不能(neng)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)確定(ding)值(至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多不超過(guo)(guo)(guo)20%)。而區(qu)(qu)域(yu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)依據(ju)(ju)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本加(jia)上(shang)不高(gao)于10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)益率核定(ding)，并可(ke)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)燃料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本變化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)通(tong)貨膨脹(zhang)情況進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。2)平(ping)衡(heng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。俄羅(luo)(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)改(gai)(gai)變發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需平(ping)衡(heng)。當實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)需求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)計(ji)劃(hua)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)偏差時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)機(ji)構(gou)將促使(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)平(ping)衡(heng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)衡(heng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)偏差量(liang)(liang)。若實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)需求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)日(ri)(ri)前(qian)(qian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)劃(hua)需求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，則需要通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)平(ping)衡(heng)體系(xi)(xi)彌補(bu)偏差電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)增(zeng)加(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)減(jian)少(shao)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)需求(qiu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)衡(heng)。參與(yu)(yu)(yu)平(ping)衡(heng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)可(ke)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)負荷用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)簡稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“CCL”)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)CCL通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)平(ping)衡(heng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)平(ping)衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)競價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)抽水蓄能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)給(gei)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)均按照(zhao)日(ri)(ri)前(qian)(qian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。CCL根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(X－1)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)5p．m．之后至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)X交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)機(ji)構(gou)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)確定(ding)所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)割(ge)(ge)(ge)前(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)機(ji)構(gou)將確定(ding)包括實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(如(ru)平(ping)衡(heng)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang))在(zai)(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)社會(hui)福利(li)(li)最大化(hua)(hua)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)機(ji)構(gou)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)福利(li)(li)最大化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算模型(xing)，確定(ding)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)標。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)機(ji)構(gou)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)增(zeng)加(jia)或(huo)(huo)減(jian)少(shao)出(chu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(或(huo)(huo)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)衡(heng)。

經驗借鑒

(1)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)順利進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵環節澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利亞(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，獨立(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)根據雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)情況，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)供(gong)給及(ji)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)曲(qu)線。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)供(gong)給曲(qu)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，需(xu)(xu)要區(qu)分(fen)天然氣、煤以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)餾分(fen)油發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)給價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)。在(zai)(zai)此(ci)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)，結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)參與(yu)(yu)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)倉(cang)位(wei)，最(zui)終確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)。目(mu)前，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仍存在(zai)(zai)很多不(bu)完善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)，存在(zai)(zai)如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設還(huan)本付(fu)息(xi)和(he)資(zi)產經營(ying)效(xiao)(xiao)益缺乏合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)等問(wen)題。引入(ru)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)模(mo)式(shi)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業而言又是(shi)一輪新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考驗，因此(ci)必須盡快建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)能夠反映真(zhen)實成本，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工業可持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公平(ping)(ping)(ping)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)性，確(que)保(bao)各相關主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)收益。(2)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)防范機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健康、有(you)序發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，離不(bu)開一套有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)防范機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利亞(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)，具有(you)一套相對(dui)較完善(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)防范機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。成立(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)、實行(xing)(xing)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能源(yuan)采購協議，降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)庫中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)。此(ci)外，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)金(jin)融合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)降(jiang)低(di)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)風險(xian)(xian)，其中(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)融合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)由證券市(shi)場(chang)(chang)監管(guan)，并不(bu)是(shi)實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)應合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商與(yu)(yu)零(ling)售商簽訂金(jin)融合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換資(zi)金(jin)流動(dong)(dong)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)國在(zai)(zai)開展(zhan)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，可借(jie)鑒澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利亞(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)并逐(zhu)步健全金(jin)融合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，降(jiang)低(di)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)風險(xian)(xian)。(3)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)石澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利亞(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)，存在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)調整(zheng)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)倉(cang)位(wei)(contractpositions)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)(shi)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)。在(zai)(zai)該機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，系統(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過調整(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)擁(yong)有(you)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)(shi)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)。在(zai)(zai)必要情況下(xia)，系統(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)將發(fa)(fa)(fa)出通(tong)(tong)(tong)知令市(shi)場(chang)(chang)其他參與(yu)(yu)者(zhe)調整(zheng)其經濟(ji)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，使供(gong)給滿足實時(shi)(shi)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)，增(zeng)加了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)調度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜性，增(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)實時(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難度。因此(ci)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，可借(jie)鑒澳(ao)(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利亞(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，確(que)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。(1)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)在(zai)(zai)俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，可借(jie)鑒之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)在(zai)(zai)于(yu):發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業與(yu)(yu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)可一年一訂，雖然有(you)政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，但允許根據燃料(liao)成本和(he)通(tong)(tong)(tong)貨膨(peng)脹變(bian)化進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調整(zheng);隨著市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化改革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，逐(zhu)步放開價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，適當提(ti)(ti)高居民電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，減少(shao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)補貼，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)買賣雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)方自(zi)由定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、簽署長(chang)期(qi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過現貨市(shi)場(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)實時(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng);以(yi)(yi)(yi)參考區(qu)域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)準，鎖定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)風險(xian)(xian)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)hub(即(ji)一系列節點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，選定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)節點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)范圍內)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)hub的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)為(wei)依據，確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。(2)完善(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)(ti)俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)，系統(tong)運(yun)營(ying)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過改變(bian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消費行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)(shi)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)。在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)量與(yu)(yu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)計劃出現偏(pian)差時(shi)(shi)，系統(tong)運(yun)營(ying)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)組織發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商及(ji)用(yong)(yong)戶進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)調整(zheng)偏(pian)差量。俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，促(cu)使發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商增(zeng)加發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)或(huo)者(zhe)減少(shao)用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消費需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)彌補實際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)量與(yu)(yu)日前市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計劃需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)差，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)完善(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。因此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，可參考俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國國情的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，確(que)保(bao)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)穩(wen)(wen)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。

本文針(zhen)對(dui)澳大(da)利亞(ya)與(yu)俄(e)羅斯電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)雙邊(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場模(mo)式進行了(le)研究。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)雙邊(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展，增(zeng)加了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統調(diao)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜性(xing)，增(zeng)大(da)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需實時平(ping)(ping)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難度。因(yin)此，我(wo)國(guo)在(zai)建(jian)立雙邊(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場過程(cheng)中(zhong)，可借鑒(jian)(jian)澳大(da)利亞(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗，制(zhi)定(ding)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)衡機制(zhi)，確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)進行。同時，俄(e)羅斯電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)雙邊(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場電(dian)(dian)(dian)價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，有3點(dian)值得借鑒(jian)(jian):一(yi)(yi)是(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業與(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙邊(bian)(bian)(bian)合同可以一(yi)(yi)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)訂(ding);二(er)是(shi)隨著市(shi)場化改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷推(tui)進，逐步放開價格管(guan)制(zhi)，適當提(ti)高(gao)居民電(dian)(dian)(dian)價，減少交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)貼(tie)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)買賣雙方(fang)自由定(ding)價、簽(qian)署(shu)長期合同，通過現貨市(shi)場進行實時交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)平(ping)(ping)衡;三是(shi)以參考區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)價為(wei)基(ji)準，鎖(suo)定(ding)價格風(feng)險(xian)。在(zai)此基(ji)礎上(shang)，我(wo)國(guo)應當結合自身當前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)雙邊(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場現狀(zhuang)進行更為(wei)廣泛深(shen)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探索，進一(yi)(yi)步完善我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)雙邊(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)及其(qi)市(shi)場運行機制(zhi)。

院線公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)改變了(le)(le)(le)電(dian)影(ying)市場(chang)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)環境(jing)，形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)多元競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)態勢，傳(chuan)統意義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)制片商(shang)(shang)、發(fa)(fa)行商(shang)(shang)、電(dian)影(ying)放(fang)映(ying)商(shang)(shang)以及消費者(zhe)均因(yin)此賦予(yu)了(le)(le)(le)各(ge)自明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)定(ding)(ding)位，均有(you)各(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益(yi)驅(qu)動和價值取向，并通過在(zai)市場(chang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)作(zuo)實現各(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)。作(zuo)為銜接(jie)制片商(shang)(shang)、電(dian)影(ying)放(fang)映(ying)商(shang)(shang)以及消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)院線公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，既承(cheng)擔(dan)著流(liu)通渠道中(zhong)分銷(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，也(ye)(ye)承(cheng)擔(dan)著院線公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)戰略規劃(hua)與整體市場(chang)營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能，相(xiang)對于(yu)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)行放(fang)映(ying)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，職能不僅發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)變化(hua)(hua)，所處的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)環境(jing)也(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)。邁克爾·波特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)理論，是從企業所處的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度，分析企業需(xu)要(yao)面對的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力量以及相(xiang)互(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力量對比(bi)。因(yin)此將傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)影(ying)發(fa)(fa)行放(fang)映(ying)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與院線公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)環境(jing)作(zuo)一個比(bi)較(jiao)分析，可以更清楚地看出發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)。這(zhe)種分析將有(you)利于(yu)確定(ding)(ding)院線公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在(zai)市場(chang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)位，幫助院線公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)尋(xun)找(zhao)機會，規避風險，學會合(he)理地運(yun)用規則開展(zhan)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)，從而逐步完善并發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)院線制這(zhe)一先(xian)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)影(ying)發(fa)(fa)行放(fang)映(ying)運(yun)作(zuo)機制。

一、邁克爾(er)·波特的(de)五(wu)種力量(liang)競爭模(mo)型(xing)簡介(jie)

附圖

資料來源：邁克(ke)爾·波特《競爭戰略(lve)》華夏出版社(she)1997年

企(qi)(qi)業是(shi)在一定行業中從(cong)事經營活動(dong)的。行業環境的特點直(zhi)接影響(xiang)著企(qi)(qi)業的競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)力。邁克(ke)爾·波特的競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)戰略分(fen)析認為，影響(xiang)企(qi)(qi)業競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)結構及其強(qiang)度的五種因(yin)素(力量(liang))可分(fen)為：現有企(qi)(qi)業間的競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、潛在競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)進入、替代產(chan)品的開發、供應商的議價力量(liang)、購買者(zhe)議價力量(liang)共五種影響(xiang)行業競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)力量(liang)。

作為一(yi)(yi)個(ge)開放的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場而(er)言，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)面(mian)對的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場，從事(shi)相同(tong)產品或服(fu)務經營的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)不止一(yi)(yi)家，因此多家企(qi)(qi)業(ye)必然會采取各種措施爭(zheng)奪(duo)客戶(hu)，從而(er)形成企(qi)(qi)業(ye)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)。就(jiu)電(dian)影(ying)市(shi)場而(er)言，隨(sui)著院(yuan)線制的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成，電(dian)影(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)將從原來基本沒(mei)有，變(bian)得越來越強烈。

一、澳大利亞電力(li)行業(ye)商業(ye)模(mo)式介紹

澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞各個(ge)(ge)(ge)州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)把自己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)放入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)AEMO分部(bu)進(jin)行上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)競價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。AEMO是(shi)(shi)(shi)AustralianEnergymarketoperator（澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)洲能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)行機構(gou)(gou)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縮寫。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)機構(gou)(gou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞政府設(she)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，用來監管(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行業運(yun)營。值(zhi)得(de)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)洲，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)放在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)買(mai)賣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，AEMO也(ye)管(guan)天然氣等其(qi)他(ta)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)買(mai)賣。澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)采用現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格（spotprice）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式。圖1顯示了(le)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)洲批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成方式。如果一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)州有(you)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)將競價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)。每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)自己(ji)(ji)設(she)定，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)報給(gei)(gei)AEMO的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)往往是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們先(xian)把這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)低(di)到(dao)高(gao)排序，也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對應(ying)著右邊(bian)(bian)縱軸(zhou)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)小(xiao)(xiao)到(dao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。值(zhi)得(de)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)容量從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)0到(dao)100MW，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)$20/MWh。那么，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)4點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)4點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)30分這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)(ban)(ban)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，隨著市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)負(fu)(fu)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，擁(yong)有(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)將競價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)，在(zai)(zai)4點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)05分，A點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)邊(bian)(bian)縱軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷是(shi)(shi)(shi)290MW左(zuo)右，那么對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)右邊(bian)(bian)縱軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格是(shi)(shi)(shi)35$/MWh。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)和第(di)二個(ge)(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)滿負(fu)(fu)荷運(yun)行，第(di)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量用了(le)一(yi)(yi)大(da)部(bu)分。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)刻，不(bu)(bu)管(guan)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)多少，批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)按35$/MWh計(ji)算。其(qi)他(ta)時(shi)(shi)間點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)依此(ci)類推(tui)。在(zai)(zai)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)洲，批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格是(shi)(shi)(shi)按照(zhao)每(mei)半(ban)(ban)(ban)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)計(ji)算的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)半(ban)(ban)(ban)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)間隔中(zhong)每(mei)5分鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬時(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均值(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)圖中(zhong)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)(ban)(ban)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)（35+37+37+38+38+37）/6=37$/MWh。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)每(mei)半(ban)(ban)(ban)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將主要賣給(gei)(gei)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)商(shang)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)問題將在(zai)(zai)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)商(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)部(bu)分說明。對于發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)而言，批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格減去(qu)某個(ge)(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)自己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)再乘以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際輸出容量就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)(run)。例如，在(zai)(zai)4點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)05分，批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)35$/MWh，而發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)20$/MWh，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)容量是(shi)(shi)(shi)290MW，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)，（35-20）×290=4350$/h，也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)狀態(tai)如果運(yun)行1個(ge)(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)(run)將達到(dao)4350$。如果一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)設(she)定過(guo)(guo)高(gao)或(huo)者別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因沒有(you)能(neng)(neng)夠上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)，那么利(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)(run)將無從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)談起(qi)。AEMO可(ke)(ke)以(yi)給(gei)(gei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)信(xin)號告訴電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)加以(yi)調整(zheng)。因為(wei)，每(mei)半(ban)(ban)(ban)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)重新上(shang)(shang)(shang)報給(gei)(gei)AEMO。另外，AEMO設(she)定了(le)最(zui)高(gao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)12500$/MWh和最(zui)低(di)現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)-1000$/MWh，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣，所(suo)(suo)有(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)報的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)都不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)超過(guo)(guo)最(zui)高(gao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和最(zui)低(di)現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。在(zai)(zai)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)洲，每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)州都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)有(you)若(ruo)干個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)以(yi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)州作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)總部(bu)，然后在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)州有(you)分公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)總公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)和分公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)將可(ke)(ke)以(yi)管(guan)轄公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)州所(suo)(suo)擁(yong)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)有(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)(run)最(zui)終轉移給(gei)(gei)它們所(suo)(suo)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)荷情(qing)況下，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)(run)將不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)利(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)(run)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)將最(zui)終影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)(run)。澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)商(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)亞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)商(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)零(ling)(ling)售(shou)商(shang)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)產(chan)品打(da)包從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)買(mai)過(guo)(guo)來后賣給(gei)(gei)消費者，消費者再從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)中(zhong)買(mai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。

對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)而(er)言，他(ta)們(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)先根(gen)據(ju)(ju)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財力(li)(li)和銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)計(ji)劃(hua)從(cong)批發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)或者(zhe)別處(chu)買(mai)來(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果他(ta)們(men)從(cong)批發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)買(mai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)按照(zhao)每半小(xiao)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格乘以(yi)(yi)負荷(he)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)支(zhi)付給(gei)AEMO，AEMO再(zai)把錢(qian)給(gei)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)。零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)從(cong)批發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)買(mai)過來(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)后(hou)，就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)劃(hua)或者(zhe)按照(zhao)現成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)劃(hua)賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。比如(ru)說(shuo)(shuo)，零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)按照(zhao)高峰時(shi)間(jian)段和非高峰時(shi)間(jian)段來(lai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。另外，消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類型是(shi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)計(ji)劃(hua)必須要(yao)考慮(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)數，因(yin)為普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)民用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、工(gong)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求是(shi)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對消(xiao)費者(zhe)而(er)言，他(ta)們(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財政狀況(kuang)、日(ri)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)等(deng)選擇(ze)適(shi)合自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)和買(mai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方案。在澳(ao)洲(zhou)，消(xiao)費者(zhe)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)選擇(ze)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)量(liang)儀表。如(ru)果選擇(ze)普通(tong)儀表，那么這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)儀表將只(zhi)記錄(lu)一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。如(ru)果選擇(ze)智(zhi)能儀表，那么每半個小(xiao)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)數據(ju)(ju)都會被記錄(lu)下(xia)來(lai)然(ran)后(hou)傳(chuan)給(gei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。不妨來(lai)看一(yi)下(xia)澳(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)亞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費賬(zhang)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成：批發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)占據(ju)(ju)32%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)傳(chuan)輸費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)達(da)到了(le)(le)(le)45%左右，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)部(bu)分(fen)占據(ju)(ju)了(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕大(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)，其他(ta)是(shi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)服務費、碳(tan)(tan)稅等(deng)等(deng)。澳(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)亞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)框圖圖2是(shi)澳(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)亞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業模(mo)式(shi)框圖。從(cong)圖2可(ke)(ke)知，澳(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)亞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)（Generators）通(tong)過競價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)（retailers），然(ran)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給(gei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶。當然(ran)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賬(zhang)單里面包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)了(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)傳(chuan)輸和分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。上(shang)(shang)圖還包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)了(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)概流(liu)向。這(zhe)(zhe)個流(liu)向包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)終(zhong)端(duan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶流(liu)向零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)再(zai)向發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)錢(qian)流(liu)向配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)門(men)再(zai)流(liu)向輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)門(men)，最后(hou)到大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)或者(zhe)終(zhong)端(duan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶直接(jie)流(liu)向配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)門(men)再(zai)最終(zhong)流(liu)向大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)。AEMO監控(kong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)、上(shang)(shang)網(wang)競價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中起著非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。澳(ao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)亞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行業商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優缺點分(fen)析(xi)綜(zong)上(shang)(shang)所(suo)述，澳(ao)洲(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業模(mo)式(shi)是(shi)具有(you)很(hen)強競爭(zheng)(zheng)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)模(mo)式(shi)。首先，澳(ao)洲(zhou)批發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)讓(rang)一(yi)個州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)競價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)之(zhi)間(jian)就(jiu)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)競爭(zheng)(zheng)。另外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定受到AEMO的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)。AEMO有(you)權決定誰上(shang)(shang)網(wang)。但是(shi)，批發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定不完(wan)全(quan)合理(li)，因(yin)為任(ren)何5分(fen)鐘之(zhi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負荷(he)波動恐怕誰都無法完(wan)全(quan)說(shuo)(shuo)不劇烈變化。這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)可(ke)(ke)能不能完(wan)全(quan)反映(ying)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)實際負荷(he)。其次，零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)也是(shi)有(you)競爭(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)個州有(you)一(yi)批零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)在制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)計(ji)劃(hua)時(shi)也要(yao)接(jie)受消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑選。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)間(jian)也會產(chan)生競爭(zheng)(zheng)。但是(shi)，零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)會導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加，因(yin)為消(xiao)費者(zhe)要(yao)支(zhi)付的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值，還有(you)傳(chuan)輸分(fen)配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)及碳(tan)(tan)稅、零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)服務費等(deng)等(deng)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好處(chu)是(shi)增加了(le)(le)(le)競爭(zheng)(zheng)，弊(bi)端(duan)是(shi)增加了(le)(le)(le)消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費。

二(er)、中(zhong)國(guo)電力行(xing)業(ye)商業(ye)模式介(jie)紹和特點分析

中(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)和南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)在各個(ge)(ge)省的(de)(de)省會、直轄(xia)市(shi)等(deng)市(shi)設(she)立(li)分公司(si)(si)(si)(si)，各個(ge)(ge)分公司(si)(si)(si)(si)再設(she)立(li)各個(ge)(ge)地市(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)（局），由各個(ge)(ge)地市(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)向工廠(chang)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)和居(ju)民用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。中(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)缺少競爭，在這個(ge)(ge)壟斷的(de)(de)背(bei)景(jing)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)其(qi)實是(shi)(shi)沒有市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)。因為，所有用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費都交給了國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)和南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)。雖(sui)然中(zhong)國也已經開始(shi)實施了階(jie)梯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價，但是(shi)(shi)這個(ge)(ge)階(jie)梯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價無法確切反(fan)映電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)負荷的(de)(de)真實情(qing)況，不(bu)盡合理。

三、澳大(da)利亞電(dian)力(li)市場商業模式在(zai)中國電(dian)力(li)市場運(yun)營的發展思路探討

摘要：作者(zhe)對(dui)我國(guo)未來電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)中的(de)(de)經(jing)濟風險進行(xing)了研(yan)究(jiu)，就(jiu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)力(li)風險及(ji)其防范，主要包括(kuo)：電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)中市(shi)(shi)場(chang)力(li)的(de)(de)界(jie)定、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)力(li)的(de)(de)行(xing)使、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)力(li)的(de)(de)模擬(ni)分(fen)析(xi)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)力(li)防范對(dui)策的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)與(yu)設計(ji)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)力(li)的(de)(de)預測分(fen)析(xi)以及(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)力(li)的(de)(de)監督等進行(xing)了論述。

關鍵詞：電力系(xi)統；電力市場(chang)；經濟風險；市場(chang)力風險

1引言

我國(guo)(guo)已經實(shi)(shi)(shi)現廠(chang)網分開，下一步就是(shi)(shi)(shi)要建立一個(ge)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，以實(shi)(shi)(shi)現發電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)競(jing)價上(shang)(shang)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革(ge)目標。然而，根(gen)據國(guo)(guo)際上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)(yan)和(he)教(jiao)訓[1]，在發電(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建設(she)和(he)運營的(de)(de)(de)(de)初期，一些發電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)往(wang)往(wang)會行使它(ta)們所擁有的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)力來操(cao)縱市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)[2]。其結(jie)(jie)果是(shi)(shi)(shi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)整體(ti)經濟效率(lv)降低(di)，用戶(hu)經濟利益受損，甚至會危及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網安全運營。因(yin)此度(du)量(liang)(liang)和(he)防范（減輕）市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)（結(jie)(jie)構、模式(shi)、規則）設(she)計中的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要一環(huan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)力受到眾多(duo)因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)（而不僅僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)個(ge)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝機容量(liang)(liang)所占份額），度(du)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)力只采用HHI是(shi)(shi)(shi)不合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)[3]。到目前為止，國(guo)(guo)際上(shang)(shang)對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)力如(ru)何度(du)量(liang)(liang)和(he)防范的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，并沒(mei)有提供現成的(de)(de)(de)(de)理論方法和(he)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐經驗(yan)(yan)。需要結(jie)(jie)合我國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際，從理論和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐兩方面(mian)加以研討。

2國內外研究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)現狀分析及主要研究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)思路和研究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方法

2.1電力市場(chang)中的(de)市場(chang)力的(de)界(jie)定

摘要：近年來，在(zai)國民(min)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展中，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)地位顯著(zhu)提高，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市場(chang)(chang)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展趨向(xiang)多元化(hua)(hua)、現代化(hua)(hua)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展促(cu)進了社會(hui)進步(bu)，不斷(duan)助推(tui)著(zhu)各行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，在(zai)實際發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展過(guo)程中，必須始(shi)終(zhong)遵循市場(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展規律，推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。基于此，本文(wen)探析了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)作用，重點從四個方面提出(chu)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)下農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展路徑：合(he)理優化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資源配(pei)置、推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)品(pin)牌化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)商(shang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、積極發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)直(zhi)播帶貨的(de)營(ying)銷模式，以促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)商(shang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，最終(zhong)推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)效益(yi)。

關鍵詞：農(nong)產品(pin)；市場化；農(nong)業經濟；作用；發展路徑

1農(nong)產(chan)品市場化的內(nei)涵(han)

1.1農產品(pin)的價格會隨著市場(chang)價格不斷發生變(bian)化

農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)受(shou)多(duo)種因素的影響，如宏觀(guan)經濟(ji)、供(gong)求(qiu)變動、季節氣候(hou)、政府(fu)干預(yu)等，而在傳(chuan)統經濟(ji)體制下，受(shou)政府(fu)方(fang)面(mian)政策調整的影響較(jiao)大，對農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的生(sheng)產(chan)利益非常不(bu)利。隨著社會(hui)經濟(ji)的不(bu)斷發展(zhan)，農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)主要以市(shi)場的供(gong)需(xu)關系來(lai)決(jue)定(ding)，即(ji)供(gong)應和需(xu)求(qiu)兩方(fang)處于對等狀態時制定(ding)，農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的市(shi)場化趨勢越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)明(ming)顯(xian)。

1.2農產品的供(gong)應(ying)狀態