跨境電商綜試區區位選擇探討
時間:2022-12-30 08:36:20
導語:跨(kua)境電商綜試區(qu)區(qu)位選擇探討一文來(lai)源于網友上傳(chuan),不代表本站觀(guan)點,若需要原創文章可咨詢客服(fu)老師,歡迎參考。
[提要]跨境電商(shang)憑借(jie)強(qiang)勁的發展(zhan)勢(shi)頭在我國(guo)對外貿(mao)(mao)易產業(ye)中占(zhan)據重(zhong)要(yao)地位,對我國(guo)對外貿(mao)(mao)易的數字化轉型具有重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用。本文以(yi)78個(ge)外貿(mao)(mao)百強(qiang)城市為案例樣本,從組態視角分析影響跨(kua)境(jing)電商(shang)綜(zong)試區設立的條(tiao)件(jian)因(yin)素和組合構型,探索產業(ye)結構比、勞動力素質、政策(ce)影響、交通(tong)情況、進出口基礎、外資資源、區域貿(mao)(mao)易集聚程(cheng)度(du)等因(yin)素共同引(yin)致(zhi)跨(kua)境(jing)電商(shang)綜(zong)試區設立的條(tiao)件(jian)組合構型。
關(guan)鍵詞(ci):跨境電商;綜試區(qu);定性比(bi)較分析(xi)
一、相關文獻綜述
(一)跨(kua)境綜(zong)試(shi)區(qu)的相關(guan)研究(jiu)。蘇為(wei)華等(deng)(2018)從基礎能力(li)水平(ping)、服務支撐水平(ping)和發(fa)(fa)展潛力(li)水平(ping)三個(ge)(ge)維度對我(wo)國跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)子商(shang)務綜(zong)試(shi)區(qu)發(fa)(fa)展水平(ping)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)統計測(ce)度。郝彬凱(2018)從生態位的視(shi)角,測(ce)算了(le)我(wo)國13個(ge)(ge)綜(zong)合試(shi)驗區(qu)所在城(cheng)市的產業競爭力(li),并將其依次分為(wei)強勢型(xing)、特色型(xing)、追趕型(xing)和弱勢型(xing)四(si)個(ge)(ge)類別(bie)。李如(ru)妙(2020)基于(yu)35個(ge)(ge)跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)商(shang)綜(zong)試(shi)區(qu)的運行(xing)(xing)現狀,采用(yong)變異(yi)系(xi)數法測(ce)量各指標權重,對跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)商(shang)綜(zong)試(shi)區(qu)發(fa)(fa)展成效進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)客(ke)觀評估。然而,以上研究(jiu)并沒有進(jin)一步討論用(yong)不同(tong)(tong)前因條件組合方式構建不同(tong)(tong)影響構型(xing),從而“殊途同(tong)(tong)歸”地提升策略,來促(cu)進(jin)跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)商(shang)綜(zong)試(shi)區(qu)以及綜(zong)試(shi)區(qu)中企業的發(fa)(fa)展。
(二)QCA方法(fa)。QCA方法(fa)是(shi)將案(an)例(li)研究和定量(liang)分(fen)析相(xiang)結合的研究方法(fa)。該方法(fa)自CharlesC.Ragin(1987)提出以來,已在管(guan)理學(xue)科(ke)的多個分(fen)支領域顯示(shi)出其優(you)越性并被廣泛應(ying)用。
二、模型構建與數據來源
(一)相關理論及分析框架1、區位理論和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業群理論。Porter在分析(xi)區(qu)位競爭優(you)勢時提出生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)要素(su)(su)、需求狀況(kuang)(kuang)、關聯(lian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業和企(qi)業等四個因素(su)(su),其中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)要素(su)(su)包(bao)括自然資(zi)源(yuan)和勞動(dong)力、資(zi)本(ben)(ben)等社會要素(su)(su)。綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)立是為(wei)了引導一(yi)部分區(qu)域優(you)先(xian)發展跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電商(shang),進(jin)而通(tong)過電商(shang)經濟帶動(dong)區(qu)域產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業發展,并實(shi)現(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業擴散到(dao)周(zhou)邊區(qu)域。2、構(gou)建分析(xi)框(kuang)架。本(ben)(ben)文(wen)基于上述理論視角,梳理已有(you)文(wen)獻(xian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)7個條件變量(liang)(liang)構(gou)建了綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)區(qu)設(she)立問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)框(kuang)架:政(zheng)(zheng)策因素(su)(su)(簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)ZFGM)用(yong)(yong)(yong)政(zheng)(zheng)府財政(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)出規(gui)模(mo)來(lai)(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)衡量(liang)(liang),即(ji)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)年公共(gong)財政(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)出占城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)總(zong)(zong)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)測度;交通(tong)情況(kuang)(kuang)(簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)JTQK)用(yong)(yong)(yong)每平(ping)方公里的(de)(de)(de)貨運量(liang)(liang)來(lai)(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)衡量(liang)(liang),即(ji)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)年總(zong)(zong)貨運量(liang)(liang)/區(qu)域面積;外(wai)資(zi)資(zi)源(yuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)外(wai)商(shang)直接投資(zi)額來(lai)(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)衡量(liang)(liang),即(ji)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)年度外(wai)資(zi)直接利用(yong)(yong)(yong)額度;勞動(dong)力素(su)(su)質(zhi)(簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)RLZY)用(yong)(yong)(yong)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)在校學生(sheng)(sheng)人數進(jin)行衡量(liang)(liang);區(qu)域產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業結構(gou)(簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)ZYZR)用(yong)(yong)(yong)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)年度第三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與第二產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)(lai)衡量(liang)(liang);進(jin)出口(kou)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)基礎(chu)(WMJZ)用(yong)(yong)(yong)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)對應2020年中(zhong)國海關的(de)(de)(de)百強(qiang)外(wai)貿(mao)(mao)排名評(ping)分做(zuo)(zuo)衡量(liang)(liang);區(qu)域貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)集聚程度(簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)MYZB)用(yong)(yong)(yong)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)進(jin)出口(kou)總(zong)(zong)額占該省進(jin)出口(kou)總(zong)(zong)額的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)(lai)衡量(liang)(liang)。將外(wai)貿(mao)(mao)百強(qiang)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)78個樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)是否有(you)設(she)立跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電商(shang)綜(zong)合(he)試(shi)(shi)驗區(qu)設(she)定(ding)為(wei)結果變量(liang)(liang),若(ruo)(ruo)有(you)設(she)立綜(zong)合(he)試(shi)(shi)驗區(qu)則設(she)結果為(wei)1,若(ruo)(ruo)未(wei)設(she)有(you)跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電商(shang)綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)區(qu)則設(she)為(wei)0。
(二)研究方法及數據來源1、研究方法。本文采用QCA方法,以中國海關評選出的外貿百強城市為案例樣本,展開跨境電商綜試區的區位選擇研究(jiu)。運用(yong)(yong)QCA方(fang)法(fa)(fa)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)從(cong)多組態(tai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、非對(dui)稱因(yin)果(guo)關系和(he)殊途同(tong)歸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構型(xing)來探(tan)究(jiu)多種影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)因(yin)素在組態(tai)效應下對(dui)設(she)(she)置(zhi)綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。QCA方(fang)法(fa)(fa)源自(zi)因(yin)果(guo)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合論思維,它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)過案例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合而非單個(ge)(ge)(ge)自(zi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)去分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)結(jie)果(guo),并且可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有效識別條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多組態(tai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、組態(tai)等(deng)效性(xing)(xing)和(he)非對(dui)稱因(yin)果(guo)關系。QCA根據(ju)(ju)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)類型(xing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)csQCA(清晰集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))、mvQCA(多值(zhi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))和(he)fsQCA(模糊(hu)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)),清晰集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)0、1二(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)主(zhu);多值(zhi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)及以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju),模糊(hu)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)則采用(yong)(yong)[0,1]中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)值(zhi)來表示連續變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。模糊(hu)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(fsQCA)作(zuo)為(wei)最常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)更(geng)多地(di)考(kao)(kao)慮前因(yin)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)在不同(tong)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化對(dui)結(jie)果(guo)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細微影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。考(kao)(kao)慮到fsQCA既可(ke)(ke)處(chu)(chu)理歸類問(wen)題(ti),也(ye)可(ke)(ke)處(chu)(chu)理程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢,同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)因(yin)為(wei)已設(she)(she)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)廣(guang)泛(fan),影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)因(yin)素較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復雜,且綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是我國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新型(xing)政策(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗,積累(lei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少,難以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)大樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)計量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),故本(ben)(ben)(ben)文(wen)選(xuan)擇fsQCA作(zuo)為(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)文(wen)考(kao)(kao)慮了樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)和(he)解決(jue)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統性(xing)(xing),最終從(cong)政策(ce)因(yin)素、交(jiao)通(tong)情(qing)況、外(wai)(wai)資(zi)資(zi)源、勞(lao)動(dong)力素質(zhi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu)域產業結(jie)構、進(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)口貿(mao)易(yi)基礎、區(qu)(qu)(qu)域貿(mao)易(yi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)聚(ju)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及是否設(she)(she)立(li)綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)這一結(jie)果(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),對(dui)前因(yin)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)如何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)組態(tai)形式影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)跨境(jing)電商(shang)(shang)綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)選(xuan)擇進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了模糊(hu)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)研究(jiu)。2、樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)及數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)來源。本(ben)(ben)(ben)文(wen)選(xuan)取51個(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院于(yu)2018~2020年(nian)(nian)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)設(she)(she)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第3批(pi)~第5批(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨境(jing)電商(shang)(shang)綜(zong)合試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi),包(bao)括太原、徐(xu)州(zhou)、溫州(zhou)等(deng),同(tong)時(shi)在中國(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)關發布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《2020年(nian)(nian)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)百強(qiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)》中選(xuan)取錦州(zhou)、柳州(zhou)、包(bao)頭、廊(lang)坊等(deng)27個(ge)(ge)(ge)還未設(she)(she)立(li)跨境(jing)電商(shang)(shang)綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)但進(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)口貿(mao)易(yi)基礎扎實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)百強(qiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)參照(zhao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)文(wen)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)因(yin)素、交(jiao)通(tong)情(qing)況、外(wai)(wai)資(zi)資(zi)源、勞(lao)動(dong)力素質(zhi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu)域產業結(jie)構、區(qu)(qu)(qu)域貿(mao)易(yi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)聚(ju)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)選(xuan)自(zi)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)統計年(nian)(nian)鑒》《城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)經濟和(he)社會發展公報》,樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)口貿(mao)易(yi)基礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)來自(zi)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)關發布(bu)《2020年(nian)(nian)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)百強(qiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)》報告中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)綜(zong)合評分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。3、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)。需要(yao)對(dui)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)值(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun),將(jiang)(jiang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)轉化,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)便給條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)定(ding)義隸(li)屬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi),同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)能讓條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)具有可(ke)(ke)解釋(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合判(pan)斷(duan)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)文(wen)按照(zhao)三分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)法(fa)(fa)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)取值(zhi),將(jiang)(jiang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)75分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)位(wei)點、50分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)位(wei)點和(he)25分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)位(wei)點作(zuo)為(wei)完全隸(li)屬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、交(jiao)叉點和(he)完全非隸(li)屬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閾值(zhi)。當樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)值(zhi)超出(chu)完全隸(li)屬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)閾值(zhi)時(shi),代表樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)此條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)判(pan)斷(duan)為(wei)符合良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian);反之(zhi),當樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)值(zhi)低于(yu)完全非隸(li)屬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)閾值(zhi)時(shi),則代表樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)判(pan)斷(duan)為(wei)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況。各(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體3分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)位(wei)閾值(zhi)參數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)見表1。(表1)
三、數據分析和研究結果
(一(yi))條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)性分(fen)(fen)析。在(zai)78個(ge)(ge)(ge)樣本城市的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)數(shu)值得到3分(fen)(fen)位(wei)樣準(zhun)數(shu)據后,還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)單個(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)為設立跨(kua)境綜(zong)試區的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)性條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)行分(fen)(fen)析。將上(shang)述已(yi)完成校(xiao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值利用fsqca3.0計算(suan)單個(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)性指標是(shi)(shi)否(fou)大(da)于0.9,如大(da)于0.9,則此條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)構成設立跨(kua)境電商綜(zong)試區的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。各條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)性和覆蓋度(du)指標分(fen)(fen)析結(jie)果,如表2表所(suo)示。通過fsQCA軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)對(dui)上(shang)述已(yi)校(xiao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)行分(fen)(fen)析,發現7個(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)性均(jun)未(wei)大(da)于0.9,不(bu)滿足一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)性要(yao)(yao)(yao)求,故這7個(ge)(ge)(ge)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)不(bu)足以構成設立綜(zong)試區的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),也體現出這7個(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)以單個(ge)(ge)(ge)因(yin)素解釋設立跨(kua)境電商綜(zong)試區結(jie)果的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)較弱(ruo),因(yin)此需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)繼續對(dui)這些條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)行多(duo)種條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)組態(tai)充分(fen)(fen)性分(fen)(fen)析。(表2)
(二)真值(zhi)表(biao)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)1、各條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)充分(fen)(fen)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)。使用(yong)fsqca3.0軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),通(tong)(tong)過真值(zhi)表(biao)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)進行刪(shan)除和(he)(he)編碼,旨在(zai)通(tong)(tong)過探索條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)一致(zhi)性(xing)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)是否大于(yu)0.8來(lai)衡量條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)多因素的(de)(de)共同作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下能(neng)否構成(cheng)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)城(cheng)市(shi)被設(she)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)跨境電商(shang)綜試區的(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)結(jie)果(guo)。本(ben)文在(zai)真值(zhi)表(biao)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)將一致(zhi)性(xing)閾值(zhi)設(she)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.8,考慮取樣(yang)案例有78個(ge)(ge)(ge),將頻數設(she)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2。運(yun)用(yong)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)得出(chu)結(jie)果(guo)變量的(de)(de)3種(zhong)解(jie)(jie)(jie),即復雜解(jie)(jie)(jie)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間解(jie)(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)簡(jian)(jian)(jian)約(yue)解(jie)(jie)(jie)。本(ben)文以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間解(jie)(jie)(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,并輔以簡(jian)(jian)(jian)約(yue)解(jie)(jie)(jie)來(lai)解(jie)(jie)(jie)釋所得的(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)。表(biao)3是fsQCA軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)運(yun)算后出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai),每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)一致(zhi)性(xing)均(jun)高于(yu)0.8。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),總(zong)體(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)一致(zhi)性(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.949686,總(zong)體(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.355294,說明(ming)所有條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)都能(neng)通(tong)(tong)過QCA檢驗。(表(biao)3)2、各條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)核心(xin)(xin)(xin)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)。核心(xin)(xin)(xin)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是指(zhi)在(zai)簡(jian)(jian)(jian)約(yue)解(jie)(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間解(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變量,輔助(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是指(zhi)只(zhi)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間解(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變量。在(zai)表(biao)3中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)1覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)8個(ge)(ge)(ge)樣(yang)本(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(佛山、東莞(guan)、蕪湖、南通(tong)(tong)、常州(zhou)、嘉興、惠州(zhou)、無(wu)錫),而(er)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)2覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)樣(yang)本(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(常州(zhou)、南通(tong)(tong)、湘潭(tan)、江門)。在(zai)表(biao)3的(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)結(jie)果(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)1和(he)(he)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)2的(de)(de)外資資源(yuan)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均(jun)發揮了(le)(le)(le)核心(xin)(xin)(xin)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),進出(chu)口貿(mao)易(yi)基礎條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)發揮了(le)(le)(le)輔助(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),所以這兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)可以視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同一類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)。組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)4覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)樣(yang)本(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(長春、太(tai)原),組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)5覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)樣(yang)本(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(北京、煙臺、沈陽),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)勞動力素質(zhi)和(he)(he)區域(yu)貿(mao)易(yi)聚(ju)集(ji)程度的(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均(jun)發揮了(le)(le)(le)核心(xin)(xin)(xin)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),而(er)區域(yu)產品結(jie)構的(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)發揮了(le)(le)(le)輔助(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),這兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)同樣(yang)可以視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同一類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)。組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)3共計(ji)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)樣(yang)本(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)(長沙、東莞(guan)、武漢、南京、西安、無(wu)錫、福(fu)州(zhou)),組(zu)(zu)(zu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)一致(zhi)性(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.971365,唯一覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.0770588,代表(biao)如果(guo)樣(yang)本(ben)城(cheng)市(shi)擁有這類條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)集(ji)合就能(neng)形成(cheng)設(she)立跨境電商(shang)綜試區的(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)。
(三)組(zu)(zu)態分(fen)析(xi)。根據上述(shu)組(zu)(zu)態分(fen)析(xi),基(ji)于5種組(zu)(zu)態的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)和輔(fu)助條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)信息(xi),我們可以(yi)將其分(fen)為3種引(yin)(yin)發(fa)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)設立(li)(li)跨境(jing)(jing)電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)試區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)推廣類(lei)型(xing)(xing),即外(wai)因(yin)驅(qu)動型(xing)(xing)、政策引(yin)(yin)導型(xing)(xing)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)聚(ju)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)(xing)。1、外(wai)因(yin)驅(qu)動型(xing)(xing)。是(shi)指在(zai)外(wai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)投資(zi)水平高、交通條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)、勞動力(li)資(zi)源多、具有(you)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)出口貿易(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)設立(li)(li)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)試區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。組(zu)(zu)態3覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)7個(ge)案例,如(ru)長沙(sha)、東(dong)莞、武漢(han)就(jiu)屬于這類(lei)設立(li)(li)模式(shi)下的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)外(wai)資(zi)參與度(du)且區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)貿易(yi)集(ji)(ji)中度(du)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)情況下,持續改進(jin)(jin)提(ti)升城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)交通運輸條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)對(dui)推進(jin)(jin)設立(li)(li)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)試區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作用。2、政策引(yin)(yin)導型(xing)(xing)。是(shi)指在(zai)第三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)緩慢(man)但具有(you)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)投資(zi)環境(jing)(jing)以(yi)及較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)出口貿易(yi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)設立(li)(li)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)試區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本文(wen)通過fsQCA方(fang)法(fa)解得(de)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)態1和組(zu)(zu)態2所覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)案例城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi),如(ru)佛山(shan)、東(dong)莞、蕪湖(hu)、常州就(jiu)屬于這類(lei)設立(li)(li)模式(shi)下的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi),持續提(ti)升城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian),提(ti)升第三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)群(qun)布局,對(dui)推進(jin)(jin)設立(li)(li)跨境(jing)(jing)電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)試區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作用。3、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)聚(ju)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)(xing)。本文(wen)通過fsQCA方(fang)法(fa)解得(de)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)態4、組(zu)(zu)態5中均包括勞動力(li)素質(RLZY)和區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)貿易(yi)聚(ju)集(ji)(ji)度(du)(QYMY)兩個(ge)核(he)心條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)和區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(ZYZB)這個(ge)輔(fu)助條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian),可以(yi)將其歸納為產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)聚(ju)焦類(lei)型(xing)(xing)。從案例上分(fen)析(xi)判斷,區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)性進(jin)(jin)出口貿易(yi)相關(guan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)群(qun)集(ji)(ji)中、勞動力(li)資(zi)源豐富的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)國家設立(li)(li)跨境(jing)(jing)電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)試區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)。當這類(lei)具備條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)組(zu)(zu)態的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)被選為跨境(jing)(jing)電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)試區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)時,能憑借(jie)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)服務產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)支持區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)內的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)貿企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型(xing)(xing)為跨境(jing)(jing)電子商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務。
四、研究結論及啟示
(一)研究(jiu)結(jie)論。本文針對(dui)(dui)城市(shi)間設(she)立(li)(li)(li)與推(tui)廣跨境電商綜試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)問題,提取了7個條(tiao)(tiao)件變(bian)量來構建分析框架,并選取78個樣本城市(shi),運用模(mo)糊(hu)集(ji)定性比較分析法對(dui)(dui)設(she)立(li)(li)(li)跨境電商綜合實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)這一結(jie)果進行因(yin)果關(guan)系研究(jiu),并通(tong)過(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)證(zheng)分析得(de)出以下結(jie)論:(1)fsQCA實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)證(zheng)結(jie)果顯示(shi),城市(shi)設(she)立(li)(li)(li)綜試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)是由多個條(tiao)(tiao)件變(bian)量共同作用,單(dan)個條(tiao)(tiao)件變(bian)量并不是設(she)立(li)(li)(li)綜試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)必要因(yin)素(su)(su)和(he)(he)充分因(yin)素(su)(su)。通(tong)過(guo)分析構成組(zu)態的(de)(de)核心(xin)條(tiao)(tiao)件,將上述組(zu)態歸納成3種實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現設(she)立(li)(li)(li)綜試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing),即外(wai)因(yin)驅(qu)動(dong)型(xing)、政(zheng)策(ce)引導型(xing)和(he)(he)產業(ye)聚(ju)集(ji)型(xing)。(2)對(dui)(dui)于綜試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)3種設(she)立(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式而言,外(wai)因(yin)驅(qu)動(dong)型(xing)強調外(wai)資資源(yuan)、區(qu)(qu)域貿易(yi)聚(ju)集(ji)度(du)和(he)(he)勞動(dong)力素(su)(su)質(zhi)對(dui)(dui)設(she)立(li)(li)(li)綜試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)影響作用;政(zheng)策(ce)引導型(xing)關(guan)注政(zheng)策(ce)因(yin)素(su)(su)下第三(san)產業(ye)對(dui)(dui)綜試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)設(she)立(li)(li)(li)所起到的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐作用;產業(ye)聚(ju)集(ji)型(xing)的(de)(de)核心(xin)條(tiao)(tiao)件為勞動(dong)力素(su)(su)質(zhi)(RLZY)和(he)(he)區(qu)(qu)域貿易(yi)聚(ju)集(ji)度(du)(QYMY)。
(二)研究啟示。(1)選擇產(chan)業結(jie)(jie)構和(he)進出口貿易聚焦度較好的(de)城(cheng)市繼(ji)續推廣跨(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)這種(zhong)“以(yi)點帶(dai)面(mian)”的(de)增長(chang)模(mo)式,最大限度發(fa)揮(hui)該區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)貿易經(jing)濟優勢;中西部地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)雖然在交通(tong)運(yun)力(li)和(he)外資引用程(cheng)度等(deng)方面(mian)有弱勢,但可以(yi)發(fa)揮(hui)示范(fan)城(cheng)市的(de)聚集效應,從而也(ye)給更多中西部區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)城(cheng)市的(de)跨(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)經(jing)濟帶(dai)來產(chan)業發(fa)展的(de)契機。(2)在設(she)立綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)過程(cheng)中,既要(yao)考慮(lv)勞動力(li)、外資、城(cheng)市交通(tong)等(deng)條件,也(ye)要(yao)從產(chan)業結(jie)(jie)構、傳統貿易基礎等(deng)方面(mian)分析(xi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)優勢。綜(zong)試(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是地(di)方外貿企業轉型為跨(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)的(de)平(ping)臺,地(di)方政府應當重視交通(tong)等(deng)基礎設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she),提升從跨(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)行業的(de)人(ren)力(li)資源素質。同時,還要(yao)發(fa)揮(hui)地(di)方產(chan)業結(jie)(jie)構的(de)特色,將傳統外貿產(chan)業和(he)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)有機結(jie)(jie)合,抓住跨(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)子商(shang)務(wu)的(de)發(fa)展紅利(li)。
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作(zuo)者(zhe):李唐 單(dan)位(wei):華南(nan)理工大學(xue)
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