雖然方(fang)(fang)曉茹從(cong)這個開始就一(yi)直未與(yu)木(mu)制品加工廠(chang)(chang)簽(qian)訂書面(mian)勞動(dong)合同協(xie)議，但整個生(sheng)產過程是(shi)(shi)(shi)由廠(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)提供生(sheng)產所需(xu)的(de)(de)材料(liao)、機(ji)器等(deng)，方(fang)(fang)曉茹利(li)用這些生(sheng)產資料(liao)進行鋸板(ban)木(mu)料(liao)的(de)(de)深(shen)加工生(sheng)產方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)工作。2008年10月(yue)6日，李(li)明啟作為木(mu)制廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)法定(ding)人(ren)為方(fang)(fang)曉茹保了險，該險名稱是(shi)(shi)(shi)“人(ren)壽鴻(hong)福(fu)卡(ka)A”，險別是(shi)(shi)(shi)意外險，時間是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年。保單(dan)上寫明方(fang)(fang)曉茹是(shi)(shi)(shi)受雇于李(li)明啟，兩者是(shi)(shi)(shi)被雇傭與(yu)雇傭的(de)(de)關(guan)系。2009年3月(yue)22日下午，正(zheng)在工作的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)曉茹左眼遭遇木(mu)塊飛過擊傷，方(fang)(fang)曉茹因住院治療產生(sheng)的(de)(de)費(fei)用是(shi)(shi)(shi)由廠(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)支付的(de)(de)。

2010年1月(yue)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)向江西(xi)省上饒(rao)(rao)(rao)市(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)社會(hui)保障局提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)申請(qing)(qing)(qing)，要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)江西(xi)省上饒(rao)(rao)(rao)市(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)社會(hui)保障局對其進(jin)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。李(li)明(ming)君作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)代(dai)表(biao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對江西(xi)省上饒(rao)(rao)(rao)市(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)社會(hui)保障局作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)申請(qing)(qing)(qing)表(biao)》、《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)書(shu)(shu)》予以(yi)(yi)了(le)(le)(le)簽收。2010年3月(yue)22日“，饒(rao)(rao)(rao)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)傷認(ren)(ren)字(zi)[2010]68號(hao)《”工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)書(shu)(shu)》將方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)此(ci)次意(yi)外(wai)傷害認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷。對此(ci)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，該(gai)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)并(bing)沒有(you)(you)向勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行(xing)(xing)政部門提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)異議(yi)(yi)。基于此(ci)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)書(shu)(shu)》、還(huan)有(you)(you)她收到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)發給(gei)(gei)她的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鴻(hong)福卡和(he)(he)“三八節”禮品(pin)——紀(ji)念衣服一(yi)(yi)套，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)向向婺(wu)源(yuan)縣勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)申請(qing)(qing)(qing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁，請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)確認(ren)(ren)其與(yu)(yu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。該(gai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)后(hou)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)“上饒(rao)(rao)(rao)市(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁字(zi)（2010）7號(hao)”裁決(jue)，其內(nei)容(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。2011年1月(yue)4日，木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)代(dai)表(biao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)明(ming)啟向當地管轄法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)提(ti)交了(le)(le)(le)上訴(su)狀(zhuang)，訴(su)訟(song)請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)確認(ren)(ren)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)和(he)(he)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，而(er)非(fei)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)決(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)與(yu)(yu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)非(fei)承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。原(yuan)告木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)決(jue)提(ti)起上訴(su)。上訴(su)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)經(jing)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)查明(ming)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)決(jue)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)已查明(ming)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)，做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)和(he)(he)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，駁回上訴(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)訴(su)訟(song)請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)(pan)決(jue)。本案審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焦(jiao)點問題就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已經(jing)實(shi)(shi)際發生存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應書(shu)(shu)面(mian)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)沒有(you)(you)簽訂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)形(xing)下(xia)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么？本人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)特征有(you)(you)很大不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)也有(you)(you)體(ti)現。第一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)意(yi)見(jian)在(zai)(zai)遵循勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)原(yuan)則和(he)(he)原(yuan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)形(xing)下(xia)對這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)者性質(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)做(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)正確區分(fen)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)義(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，調(diao)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質(zhi)也截(jie)然不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)。承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)包含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)依靠(kao)自(zi)身(shen)擁有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)力(li)(li)、設備(bei)、技(ji)術，在(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)下(xia)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)并(bing)交付(fu)(fu)(fu)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)接受(shou)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)后(hou)就支付(fu)(fu)(fu)給(gei)(gei)承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)約定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)酬。整個(ge)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)就形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含義(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單位聘用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單位組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)。兩(liang)者通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)利(li)義(yi)務內(nei)容(rong)(rong)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)付(fu)(fu)(fu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)來獲取(qu)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)酬，也包括用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單位將勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與(yu)(yu)生產資(zi)(zi)(zi)料相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)。我(wo)們(men)可以(yi)(yi)看到勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)顯從屬于用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單位，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)本質(zhi)上是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)本案，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)下(xia)與(yu)(yu)其工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產資(zi)(zi)(zi)料相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)，在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)獲得工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)給(gei)(gei)予的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)獲得利(li)潤收益。顯然，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)里(li)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。本案已經(jing)查明(ming)：方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)與(yu)(yu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)均不(bu)(bu)(bu)欠缺建(jian)(jian)立勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)必須具備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應主(zhu)體(ti)資(zi)(zi)(zi)格。盡管方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)與(yu)(yu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)自(zi)始不(bu)(bu)(bu)存在(zai)(zai)書(shu)(shu)面(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)協議(yi)(yi)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)受(shou)以(yi)(yi)李(li)先生為(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)表(biao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管理(li)。木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)給(gei)(gei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)安排(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)任務就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)業(ye)務組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)安排(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)份(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)來獲得報(bao)酬；在(zai)(zai)此(ci)期間，木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)其上了(le)(le)(le)意(yi)外(wai)傷害保險(xian)。單據(ju)上明(ming)確寫明(ming)受(shou)益人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)投(tou)保人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)”與(yu)(yu)“雇主(zhu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)三八婦女節時也給(gei)(gei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)發了(le)(le)(le)紀(ji)念性衣服；方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)左眼受(shou)傷所(suo)(suo)花費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫療費也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)全額支付(fu)(fu)(fu)；廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)對方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)申請(qing)(qing)(qing)由(you)受(shou)理(li)機(ji)構作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)書(shu)(shu)》也沒有(you)(you)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)異議(yi)(yi)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些事(shi)實(shi)(shi)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)素，足以(yi)(yi)證明(ming)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)與(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)”與(yu)(yu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)業(ye)務所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“生產資(zi)(zi)(zi)料”進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“事(shi)實(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)”。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)(yu)承(cheng)攬(lan)(lan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)力(li)(li)、材料、技(ji)術、設備(bei)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)并(bing)交付(fu)(fu)(fu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)而(er)獲取(qu)報(bao)酬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式有(you)(you)顯著區別。此(ci)案件中(zhong)(zhong)，木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗辯理(li)由(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其沒有(you)(you)與(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)訂(ding)立書(shu)(shu)面(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)協議(yi)(yi)，仲(zhong)(zhong)裁時方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曉(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)茹(ru)(ru)也未(wei)拿出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)證據(ju)證明(ming)其與(yu)(yu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)對涉(she)及這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：“用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單位自(zi)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)日起即與(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者建(jian)(jian)立勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單位應當建(jian)(jian)立職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)名冊備(bei)查。”

“建立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)(xi)，應當訂(ding)(ding)立(li)書(shu)(shu)面(mian)(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)。已建立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)(xi)，未(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)訂(ding)(ding)立(li)書(shu)(shu)面(mian)(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，應當自用(yong)(yong)(yong)工之(zhi)日(ri)起一個(ge)月內(nei)訂(ding)(ding)立(li)書(shu)(shu)面(mian)(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)。”“用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)自用(yong)(yong)(yong)工之(zhi)日(ri)起滿一年(nian)不與(yu)(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)訂(ding)(ding)立(li)書(shu)(shu)面(mian)(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，視為用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)已訂(ding)(ding)立(li)無固(gu)定期限勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)。”根(gen)據方(fang)曉茹的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)，其在(zai)4、5年(nian)前就(jiu)(jiu)到了(le)(le)這個(ge)木(mu)制品廠(chang)(chang)工作，廠(chang)(chang)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)是2008年(nian)方(fang)曉茹陸續在(zai)本廠(chang)(chang)從(cong)事(shi)承攬(lan)加工。按照2008年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間進(jin)行(xing)推算，到方(fang)曉茹遭遇了(le)(le)工傷(shang)，廠(chang)(chang)方(fang)支付(fu)醫療費，一年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間已經(jing)過(guo)去了(le)(le)。方(fang)曉茹與(yu)(yu)(yu)廠(chang)(chang)方(fang)沒有(you)簽(qian)訂(ding)(ding)書(shu)(shu)面(mian)(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)協(xie)議(yi)，過(guo)錯(cuo)不在(zai)方(fang)曉茹，是木(mu)制品廠(chang)(chang)沒有(you)行(xing)使該(gai)負(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理職(zhi)責。法(fa)律明確規定，從(cong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工開始(shi)之(zhi)日(ri)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)就(jiu)(jiu)必須與(yu)(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)建立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)(xi)；從(cong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工開始(shi)一個(ge)月內(nei)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)就(jiu)(jiu)必須與(yu)(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)簽(qian)訂(ding)(ding)書(shu)(shu)面(mian)(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)；從(cong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工開始(shi)后滿一年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)都沒有(you)與(yu)(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)簽(qian)訂(ding)(ding)書(shu)(shu)面(mian)(mian)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)，就(jiu)(jiu)視為用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)已經(jing)簽(qian)訂(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)無固(gu)定期限勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)協(xie)議(yi)。所(suo)以，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)存在(zai)與(yu)(yu)(yu)否不僅(jin)僅(jin)取(qu)決于書(shu)(shu)面(mian)(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)協(xie)議(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)訂(ding)(ding)立(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)否，一旦勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)(xi)爭議(yi)在(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)和用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)之(zhi)間發生(sheng)，因人(ren)(ren)為、故意等(deng)原因導致(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)未(wei)有(you)效訂(ding)(ding)立(li)并不能完(wan)全抗辯事(shi)實勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)客觀存在(zai)。

作(zuo)者:劉(liu)彥博單位:中國建(jian)筑(zhu)股份有限(xian)公司

1規(gui)范企業勞動合同管理(li)

（1）細(xi)化勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)容，提高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)可操作性按(an)照(zhao)我國(guo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)簽(qian)訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)當包括以(yi)下(xia)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)：用(yong)人企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)名(ming)稱、住所和企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)法(fa)(fa)定代表人等(deng)(deng)(deng)；企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姓名(ming)、住址及(ji)身份證(zheng)號碼等(deng)(deng)(deng)；勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)限(xian)；勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作內(nei)(nei)容及(ji)地(di)點；勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)間及(ji)休假制(zhi)度；勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)應(ying)(ying)(ying)得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報酬(chou)；勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)衛生安(an)全保(bao)護等(deng)(deng)(deng)（如表1所示）。此外，還(huan)可以(yi)根據企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)崗位補充一(yi)些(xie)約定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)，比(bi)如企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)職培訓、試用(yong)期(qi)長(chang)(chang)短、保(bao)守企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)秘密和附加合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)(gai)嚴格按(an)照(zhao)在(zai)(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)約定執行(xing)。（2）遵循(xun)(xun)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)程序與原(yuan)則(ze)在(zai)(zai)簽(qian)訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)后，當由于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)和企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化而造成(cheng)(cheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)遵循(xun)(xun)：①協商一(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)按(an)照(zhao)法(fa)(fa)律規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“提出變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)——進行(xing)協商——簽(qian)訂合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程序進行(xing)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)當適當聽取勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建議，在(zai)(zai)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)意愿一(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)；②自(zi)由平等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)都是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)力市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)，地(di)位上是(shi)(shi)平等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)(gai)拋棄企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)中優勢主(zhu)體(ti)地(di)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想觀念，尊重企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)權(quan)益，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)才(cai)能在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個合(he)(he)(he)(he)作共贏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件下(xia)，共同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)推動(dong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)久持續(xu)發展(zhan)；③合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)遵循(xun)(xun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，違法(fa)(fa)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)，即使是(shi)(shi)簽(qian)訂了書面合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)致，也是(shi)(shi)無效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，會給(gei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)造成(cheng)(cheng)不必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。（3）應(ying)(ying)(ying)與員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)簽(qian)訂長(chang)(chang)期(qi)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)與員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)簽(qian)訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)(ying)簽(qian)訂用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間較長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，比(bi)如5a及(ji)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，形成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，改善企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離職情(qing)況(kuang)，減少企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)招聘員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和培訓新入職員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)列勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)成(cheng)(cheng)本。

2完善(shan)企(qi)業薪酬(chou)福利制度

（1）高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)重視(shi)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)構建(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)構建(jian)(jian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)時(shi)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領導要(yao)高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)重視(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構建(jian)(jian)。要(yao)樹立(li)對(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，不是(shi)成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加，而是(shi)比革新技(ji)術(shu)和(he)購買機(ji)器設備更重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)觀念；要(yao)擯棄“只要(yao)有高(gao)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)就能留(liu)住人才”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤思(si)想，實(shi)現“企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)待(dai)遇提(ti)(ti)高(gao)—企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者素質(zhi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)—企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)獲得可持續發展(zhan)”三者之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良性(xing)循環。（2）建(jian)(jian)立(li)科(ke)學有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)系①要(yao)健全(quan)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)評體(ti)系，同時(shi)要(yao)使員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個人薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)要(yao)與團(tuan)隊(dui)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)聯系在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)公開化(hua)(hua)、透明(ming)化(hua)(hua)，讓(rang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)一(yi)位勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者了(le)(le)(le)解薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，讓(rang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)明(ming)白(bai)：薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人是(shi)因為其給(gei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)帶(dai)來了(le)(le)(le)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)，是(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)個人努(nu)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果；②實(shi)施(shi)(shi)浮動(dong)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)與固(gu)定(ding)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)相結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，根(gen)據(ju)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崗(gang)位不同給(gei)予(yu)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崗(gang)位工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)，根(gen)據(ju)團(tuan)隊(dui)考(kao)核績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同，給(gei)予(yu)高(gao)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)團(tuan)隊(dui)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浮動(dong)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)積(ji)極性(xing)。（3）實(shi)施(shi)(shi)多(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)(hua)、有彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)完(wan)善(shan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)上，還需要(yao)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)多(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)(hua)符合企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)立(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)多(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)(hua)、有彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)時(shi)，可以(yi)通(tong)(tong)過問卷(juan)調查(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，了(le)(le)(le)解員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)發放(fang)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)想法和(he)建(jian)(jian)議，進而根(gen)據(ju)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議，制(zhi)(zhi)訂最為合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)。例(li)如(ru)：在(zai)(zai)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)酬(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)時(shi)，可在(zai)(zai)福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)房(fang)、帶(dai)薪(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)休(xiu)假(jia)、集體(ti)文化(hua)(hua)娛樂和(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)股權福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)中(zhong)進行合理(li)搭配、組合，以(yi)基礎福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)為主，并(bing)搭配選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)。基礎福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)是(shi)指企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)全(quan)體(ti)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)能享有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)措施(shi)(shi)，例(li)如(ru)：交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)、午餐補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)和(he)每(mei)年一(yi)次(ci)體(ti)檢等。選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)性(xing)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)是(shi)指企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)可以(yi)根(gen)據(ju)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況不同，在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)中(zhong)進行適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)。例(li)如(ru)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)年輕(qing)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)，可以(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)住房(fang)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)或培訓機(ji)會(hui)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)年齡(ling)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，可以(yi)提(ti)(ti)供醫療補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)或休(xiu)假(jia)療養(yang)等福(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)。

3重視員(yuan)工勞動衛生安(an)全保(bao)護

（1）提高對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)要(yao)從本質上(shang)真(zhen)正(zheng)認識(shi)到勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性，不能(neng)僅僅認為(wei)購置了(le)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，沒(mei)有職業(ye)(ye)病和(he)(he)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傷亡事(shi)故(gu)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，就是做(zuo)好了(le)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。在做(zuo)好勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，還要(yao)做(zuo)好勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宣傳和(he)(he)提高員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)意識(shi)。為(wei)此(ci)，可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)下方(fang)式(shi)：在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)場所及車間(jian)醒目位(wei)置張貼勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標示(shi)、開(kai)展勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)知識(shi)競(jing)賽(sai)、開(kai)展勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產月活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)，通(tong)過(guo)新員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)培訓(xun)，把對(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)放在重要(yao)位(wei)置上(shang)，定期和(he)(he)不定期組織企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參加勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)學(xue)習與培訓(xun)等(deng)，以(yi)(yi)提升企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。（2）建(jian)立(li)(li)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)與設(she)(she)(she)施重視(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，建(jian)立(li)(li)起健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)設(she)(she)(she)施。重視(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，第一位(wei)也(ye)是建(jian)立(li)(li)起健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)（如圖1所示(shi)）。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定應(ying)該具備(bei)(bei)(bei)前瞻性、科(ke)學(xue)性，有執(zhi)行(xing)性，能(neng)與企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情況(kuang)相(xiang)吻(wen)合。例如要(yao)實(shi)行(xing)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)，每班工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)不應(ying)超過(guo)8h，以(yi)(yi)使(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)力能(neng)夠盡快(kuai)恢復，能(neng)夠盡快(kuai)投入到新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中。還要(yao)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)場所和(he)(he)車間(jian)中，配備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產所必備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，例如，在高溫(wen)車間(jian)應(ying)配備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)降(jiang)溫(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)風扇或(huo)空調(diao)等(deng)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，在污染車間(jian)配備(bei)(bei)(bei)口罩、手套等(deng)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)。并根據企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營變化，隨時(shi)更新調(diao)整企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)。圖1員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)職業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)（3）建(jian)立(li)(li)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)督查(cha)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)建(jian)立(li)(li)起嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)督制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，同時(shi)建(jian)立(li)(li)起健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，配備(bei)(bei)(bei)足額的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)督員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)行(xing)定期和(he)(he)不定期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)督察。對(dui)督察中發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不符(fu)合企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，應(ying)及時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)糾正(zheng)，并對(dui)發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)公布(bu)，接受(shou)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)督，以(yi)(yi)督促(cu)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決。對(dui)于(yu)檢(jian)查(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大問(wen)題(ti)和(he)(he)應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)糾正(zheng)而未糾正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，要(yao)追究相(xiang)關安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)責任人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)責任，使(shi)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)中得(de)以(yi)(yi)順利執(zhi)行(xing)。

一、在(zai)職(zhi)員(yuan)工與企業勞動關系的常見風(feng)險

（一(yi)(yi)）加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)費(fei)(fei)(fei)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)費(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)職(zhi)(zhi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)當受(shou)(shou)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)待(dai)遇，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)國(guo)家(jia)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，國(guo)家(jia)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)假(jia)(jia)日(ri)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)被支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)費(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)每小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)正常(chang)(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)薪(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.5倍(bei)(bei)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)休(xiu)息日(ri)當天加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)被支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)本人(ren)正常(chang)(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)薪(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)節假(jia)(jia)日(ri)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)正常(chang)(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)薪(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3倍(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)。加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)費(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金額(e)(e)是(shi)(shi)依據員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)正常(chang)(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)數(shu)額(e)(e)所(suo)決定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用除非是(shi)(shi)與員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)協商之(zhi)后減少支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)數(shu)額(e)(e)，否則必須(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)按(an)(an)照(zhao)國(guo)家(jia)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用。如(ru)果企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)按(an)(an)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)，那(nei)(nei)么(me)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者可以(yi)將(jiang)情況反映(ying)給(gei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)門(men)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)門(men)會給(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)期限，如(ru)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期限內如(ru)數(shu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)，那(nei)(nei)么(me)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)多賠償一(yi)(yi)倍(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)(ban)費(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)(fa)屬于(yu)違背了勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者有(you)(you)(you)(you)權(quan)對(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)提出上訴(su)或解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同以(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)益。（二(er)(er)）特(te)殊人(ren)群。1、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)假(jia)(jia)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)假(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)給(gei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)職(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)女員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)期時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福利(li)待(dai)遇，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)假(jia)(jia)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)指分娩前后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大約(yue)三個月的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)晚婚晚育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，那(nei)(nei)么(me)可以(yi)多享(xiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個月的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)假(jia)(jia)，也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)延(yan)長(chang)到(dao)四個月。按(an)(an)照(zhao)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)來講，女員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)假(jia)(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能低(di)于(yu)九十八天。職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)休(xiu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)假(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也(ye)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)享(xiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)應(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)待(dai)遇，如(ru)果沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)為(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)假(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用。國(guo)家(jia)相關(guan)文件規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，女員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)孕育(yu)期間(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能被降低(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)，如(ru)果企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)參加(jia)(jia)了政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，并且(qie)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)拖欠，按(an)(an)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)繳費(fei)(fei)(fei)，那(nei)(nei)么(me)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)按(an)(an)照(zhao)文件規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)獲得政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)助(zhu)，女職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)假(jia)(jia)補(bu)助(zhu)由當地政(zheng)府部(bu)門(men)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)假(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)與此(ci)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)每月平均工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)相一(yi)(yi)致。國(guo)務院(yuan)還明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，懷孕職(zhi)(zhi)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)正常(chang)(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)請假(jia)(jia)進(jin)行(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)檢，也(ye)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)算作(zuo)是(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。此(ci)外，國(guo)家(jia)明確規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)懷孕職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)權(quan)利(li)去進(jin)行(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)檢，這(zhe)項行(xing)為(wei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)算作(zuo)正常(chang)(chang)出勤，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能以(yi)此(ci)當做女職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)為(wei)而對(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)處罰。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)較(jiao)少生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)線上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)女職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)份額(e)(e)，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。（三）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)。一(yi)(yi)旦員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)會因此(ci)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律追究(jiu)，因此(ci)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)必須(xu)(xu)十分重(zhong)視(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。如(ru)果企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)進(jin)行(xing)處理(li)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會與員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)系糾紛(fen)，將(jiang)會面臨巨大金額(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟制(zhi)裁。因此(ci)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)重(zhong)視(shi)(shi)對(dui)于(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)條例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落實，為(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)繳納(na)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，這(zhe)樣可以(yi)通過保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)來減輕企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟負擔。此(ci)外，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)接受(shou)(shou)治(zhi)療時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)留(liu)薪(xin)停工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)(fa)，要(yao)(yao)按(an)(an)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)給(gei)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與平時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能拖欠或不(bu)(bu)(bu)給(gei)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)留(liu)薪(xin)一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過十二(er)(er)個月，具(ju)體情況除外，如(ru)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)治(zhi)療時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)護(hu)理(li)，那(nei)(nei)么(me)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也(ye)必須(xu)(xu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)護(hu)理(li)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用。

二、在職(zhi)員工與企業(ye)勞動關系風險防(fang)范(fan)措施

對(dui)于企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)而言，想要(yao)(yao)加強控(kong)制(zhi)公司內(nei)部勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)可(ke)能產生(sheng)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)，就(jiu)必須要(yao)(yao)樹立(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)范(fan)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)防(fang)(fang)范(fan)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，保證(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)或少(shao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糾紛(fen)(fen)，保障(zhang)(zhang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)運營。（一(yi)）防(fang)(fang)范(fan)步驟。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事前(qian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)防(fang)(fang)范(fan)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)和事發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)控(kong)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，都是保障(zhang)(zhang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)順利實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)者要(yao)(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)自己(ji)培養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極具(ju)(ju)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)防(fang)(fang)范(fan)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)之相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，保證(zheng)(zheng)防(fang)(fang)范(fan)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落實(shi)到(dao)實(shi)際中(zhong)。還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)于員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)數(shu)據進(jin)行(xing)詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載，保證(zheng)(zheng)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)數(shu)據進(jin)行(xing)深(shen)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)事發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)控(kong)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，事發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)控(kong)是對(dui)事發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)前(qian)防(fang)(fang)范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后續保障(zhang)(zhang)。公司在內(nei)部要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)于表現異常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)談話(hua)疏導，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)定(ding)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)與(yu)(yu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)交流，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采用不(bu)(bu)記名(ming)意(yi)(yi)見箱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法，充(chong)分(fen)了(le)解(jie)(jie)(jie)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)對(dui)于工(gong)(gong)作以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)看法，對(dui)現企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度是否滿意(yi)(yi)。最(zui)后還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)處(chu)(chu)理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)，一(yi)個(ge)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)能永遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)糾紛(fen)(fen)，因(yin)此建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)一(yi)個(ge)合(he)理(li)有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危機(ji)公關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)至關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)重要(yao)(yao)，找到(dao)事發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主因(yin)，進(jin)而對(dui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)糾紛(fen)(fen)進(jin)行(xing)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)，從根本(ben)上解(jie)(jie)(jie)決(jue)危機(ji)。（二）防(fang)(fang)范(fan)對(dui)策。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)到(dao)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背后是存在風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)雖然處(chu)(chu)于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)強勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)方，但(dan)是如(ru)果不(bu)(bu)重視勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)暗藏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)，就(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)十分(fen)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)提前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)好(hao)防(fang)(fang)范(fan)對(dui)策，才能將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)降到(dao)最(zui)低。要(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)范(fan)預(yu)警(jing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，這(zhe)(zhe)在目(mu)前(qian)政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求下顯得(de)(de)至關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)重要(yao)(yao)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)根據預(yu)警(jing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)引(yin)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)安定(ding)因(yin)素(su)，采取有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)加以(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)止，防(fang)(fang)患于未然。還(huan)(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)幫助企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部門(men)深(shen)入了(le)解(jie)(jie)(jie)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)現狀，掌握今(jin)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展趨勢，對(dui)于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)加以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宏觀(guan)調控(kong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)此得(de)(de)出，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應具(ju)(ju)備對(dui)于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)監(jian)督(du)、預(yu)測(ce)和改善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)預(yu)警(jing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現問題，采取有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)解(jie)(jie)(jie)決(jue)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)到(dao)最(zui)小，從而對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展提供(gong)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)(zhang)。（三）風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)轉(zhuan)移(yi)。轉(zhuan)移(yi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)是為(wei)(wei)了(le)在事故(gu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一(yi)部分(fen)損(sun)失(shi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)到(dao)第(di)三方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)上而不(bu)(bu)是降低風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)或解(jie)(jie)(jie)決(jue)不(bu)(bu)顧后果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法，這(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)(yu)預(yu)防(fang)(fang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)本(ben)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在進(jin)行(xing)高(gao)(gao)管(guan)招聘(pin)(pin)時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)利用獵(lie)頭(tou)進(jin)行(xing)招聘(pin)(pin)，就(jiu)是說將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)全部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)全權交給獵(lie)頭(tou)來負責，這(zhe)(zhe)樣在高(gao)(gao)管(guan)與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)糾紛(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一(yi)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)轉(zhuan)移(yi)到(dao)招聘(pin)(pin)此人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獵(lie)頭(tou)身(shen)上，從而減(jian)(jian)少(shao)本(ben)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)。國家(jia)規(gui)定(ding)，在一(yi)些存在高(gao)(gao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)繳納正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)，與(yu)(yu)此同時(shi)(shi)，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)還(huan)(huan)應該享受到(dao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)其購買的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)定(ding)份額的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人身(shen)傷(shang)害險(xian)。一(yi)旦員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)在工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)危險(xian)或不(bu)(bu)測(ce)，那么員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)就(jiu)有(you)(you)權利享受這(zhe)(zhe)兩份保險(xian)對(dui)其支付(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)償。此時(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)有(you)(you)機(ji)會(hui)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)賠(pei)償金(jin)額，降低本(ben)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)。但(dan)是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在選擇與(yu)(yu)之合(he)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、中(zhong)介時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)十分(fen)注意(yi)(yi)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)國家(jia)還(huan)(huan)沒(mei)有(you)(you)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律法規(gui)對(dui)其進(jin)行(xing)約束，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)明確自身(shen)與(yu)(yu)合(he)作者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權力(li)分(fen)配，確保在解(jie)(jie)(jie)決(jue)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)糾紛(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)有(you)(you)其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律事故(gu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。

綜上所述，在(zai)職員工就是(shi)一個企(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)流淌的(de)血(xue)液，因(yin)此獲得高額(e)的(de)利潤并不是(shi)評(ping)判企(qi)業(ye)成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)唯一條件。企(qi)業(ye)要在(zai)建(jian)立起完備的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)管理(li)體(ti)系(xi)，構建(jian)和諧的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)，清楚地認識到(dao)如果(guo)勞(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)處理(li)的(de)不妥善之處，就會(hui)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)帶(dai)來很大的(de)促(cu)進作用。企(qi)業(ye)還(huan)要建(jian)立勞(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)風險防范體(ti)系(xi)，為企(qi)業(ye)健(jian)康發展提供保(bao)障。

作者:紀馨單位:中國電信股份有限公司(si)黑河分公司(si)

1從屬(shu)性(xing)是勞(lao)動法立論基礎

1.1是勞動(dong)關系界定的核心(xin)標準

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)定(ding)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從(cong)(cong)屬(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)，即對(dui)(dui)于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從(cong)(cong)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這種從(cong)(cong)屬(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)界(jie)定(ding)上具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)多(duo)種不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)確定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)研(yan)究(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)從(cong)(cong)屬(shu)(shu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)立法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)執(zhi)行(xing)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本前提，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從(cong)(cong)屬(shu)(shu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)下，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)形(xing)態(tai)也(ye)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點和(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)質，所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)規也(ye)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)針對(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)進行(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)方(fang)(fang)面、各種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)執(zhi)行(xing)工(gong)作(zuo)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)于從(cong)(cong)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)區分(fen)(fen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)從(cong)(cong)三(san)個不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)面進行(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)和(he)(he)(he)研(yan)究(jiu)，階(jie)(jie)(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)組(zu)織關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、經濟關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、人(ren)格關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)研(yan)究(jiu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)組(zu)織關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)面，確立所存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)組(zu)織關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)定(ding)標準之一。階(jie)(jie)(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著資(zi)產擁(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)產階(jie)(jie)(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)利益(yi)(yi)直(zhi)接創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)產階(jie)(jie)(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，這種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)形(xing)態(tai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)資(zi)本主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義社會(hui)中普(pu)遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，對(dui)(dui)于無(wu)產階(jie)(jie)(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)益(yi)(yi)保障是(shi)(shi)(shi)最主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)法(fa)(fa)規執(zhi)行(xing)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，作(zuo)為利益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)者(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)直(zhi)接享受利益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)實，只能通(tong)過(guo)資(zi)產擁(yong)有(you)(you)者(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)合理(li)分(fen)(fen)配，獲得相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)比例很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)立法(fa)(fa)立論工(gong)作(zuo)上，是(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)重點調整(zheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容。組(zu)織關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)一般是(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義性(xing)(xing)質國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)雇(gu)傭關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行(xing)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織者(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際參與(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行(xing)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)利用自身所擁(yong)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)物(wu)質條(tiao)件，創(chuang)(chuang)立自有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，并(bing)組(zu)織其它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員進行(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)，但主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導地位是(shi)(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行(xing)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織者(zhe)(zhe)，通(tong)過(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)和(he)(he)(he)有(you)(you)效工(gong)作(zuo)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，組(zu)織不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)共同(tong)為創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)而進行(xing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)程，由于組(zu)織都具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導作(zuo)用，并(bing)且是(shi)(shi)(shi)各項工(gong)作(zuo)和(he)(he)(he)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擁(yong)有(you)(you)者(zhe)(zhe)、管(guan)理(li)者(zhe)(zhe)，因(yin)此(ci)對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成果(guo)也(ye)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)完全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制和(he)(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)配權(quan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)經濟關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)格關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)界(jie)定(ding)標準中，與(yu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)組(zu)織關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)，因(yin)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)作(zuo)贅述。

1.2從屬性對勞動關系界定要求(qiu)

在(zai)(zai)(zai)從屬(shu)性勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)中，明顯(xian)能夠(gou)看到，直(zhi)接控制(zhi)和(he)(he)分(fen)配勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成(cheng)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接參與者(zhe)(zhe)，而(er)(er)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)或者(zhe)(zhe)資產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擁(yong)有(you)者(zhe)(zhe)，這就決定了(le)在(zai)(zai)(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成(cheng)果分(fen)配上，對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益有(you)著直(zhi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公平(ping)待遇，利(li)(li)(li)益分(fen)配者(zhe)(zhe)因為(wei)(wei)掌握著利(li)(li)(li)益分(fen)配大權，并且不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知道勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)付出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)努(nu)力和(he)(he)過程，因此以追求(qiu)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益為(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報酬控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一個(ge)最低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)，直(zhi)接導致了(le)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)權益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受損和(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公平(ping)待遇。因此，為(wei)(wei)了(le)保證(zheng)社(she)會(hui)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好形勢和(he)(he)和(he)(he)平(ping)狀態，國家需(xu)要對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)建立相(xiang)應制(zhi)度規(gui)定，以保障勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)利(li)(li)(li)益為(wei)(wei)主要目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，同時(shi)保證(zheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)組織(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)被侵害(hai)和(he)(he)影響。在(zai)(zai)(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)性方面(mian)，要以國家法(fa)律(lv)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)本要求(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)組織(zhi)和(he)(he)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行為(wei)(wei)進行完全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)，并以法(fa)律(lv)手段追究責任，同時(shi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)付出(chu)合(he)法(fa)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)，應以保證(zheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)利(li)(li)(li)益不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受侵害(hai)為(wei)(wei)根本，進行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)成(cheng)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常分(fen)配和(he)(he)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)補償；在(zai)(zai)(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益保障方面(mian)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)單方面(mian)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)用人單位是弱(ruo)勢群體，因此需(xu)要通過勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項(xiang)制(zhi)度和(he)(he)規(gui)定，對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入(ru)、人身安全、工(gong)作(zuo)穩定性等多(duo)方面(mian)提(ti)供保障；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雇主方，其擁(yong)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公司商業(ye)機密、行政機密等多(duo)方面(mian)與公司利(li)(li)(li)益直(zhi)接相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部事(shi)務，需(xu)要通過相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)規(gui)進行對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)言行制(zhi)約(yue)，從而(er)(er)保證(zheng)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公司利(li)(li)(li)益不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受損害(hai)。

2基于從屬性(xing)決定勞動關系的挑戰

一、企業改制分(fen)流(liu)中工傷職(zhi)工的問題

我廠(chang)近(jin)幾年共改制(zhi)(zhi)分流(liu)了1200余(yu)名正(zheng)式(shi)職(zhi)(zhi)工，這些職(zhi)(zhi)工都是(shi)非主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)建安、后(hou)勤(qin)、醫院(yuan)等以及與主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)關聯度不大的(de)(de)其他單位的(de)(de)人員，他們中(zhong)(zhong)不少(shao)(shao)是(shi)原在生產一線負了傷(shang)照顧到(dao)輔助(zhu)生產和后(hou)勤(qin)部門來的(de)(de)傷(shang)殘職(zhi)(zhi)工。企業(ye)(ye)(ye)在整個改制(zhi)(zhi)分流(liu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)遇到(dao)了重(zhong)重(zhong)困難(nan)，其中(zhong)(zhong)最后(hou)就是(shi)因為工傷(shang)職(zhi)(zhi)工的(de)(de)問(wen)題導致少(shao)(shao)數改制(zhi)(zhi)職(zhi)(zhi)工遲(chi)遲(chi)不與主(zhu)體企業(ye)(ye)(ye)簽訂協議解(jie)除勞(lao)動關系。

二、工傷職工的問題影響企業的和諧(xie)穩定

企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)(gai)革是(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展的(de)(de)需要(yao)。列(lie)入改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)位的(de)(de)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)也知道(dao)是(shi)(shi)無法抗拒的(de)(de)，其中已(yi)鑒定(ding)了(le)(le)傷(shang)殘等(deng)級的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)，一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)要(yao)求(qiu)參加企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)又(you)(you)擔(dan)心(xin)原(yuan)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)待(dai)遇(yu)(yu)改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)新(xin)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)否繼續承擔(dan)？工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)待(dai)遇(yu)(yu)以(yi)后(hou)有(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)保(bao)證？原(yuan)主(zhu)體(ti)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)其終止工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險關(guan)系(xi)時醫療、就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)補(bu)償(chang)補(bu)助金如何(he)計(ji)發？何(he)時補(bu)償(chang)？因(yin)(yin)為存有(you)(you)這(zhe)些疑慮，所以(yi)他(ta)們(men)在(zai)與(yu)(yu)原(yuan)主(zhu)體(ti)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)終止勞(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)、與(yu)(yu)改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)簽訂新(xin)的(de)(de)勞(lao)動合同時顧(gu)(gu)(gu)慮重重，遲遲下不了(le)(le)決心(xin)，在(zai)改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)不改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)之間搖(yao)擺，嚴重影(ying)響企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)流(liu)的(de)(de)進程；另一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)按照(zhao)改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)可以(yi)不參加改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)回主(zhu)體(ti)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)傷(shang)殘職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)，擔(dan)心(xin)回主(zhu)體(ti)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)后(hou)原(yuan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)多年自己熟(shu)悉的(de)(de)崗(gang)位沒有(you)(you)了(le)(le)，又(you)(you)要(yao)面(mian)臨(lin)競爭(zheng)上崗(gang)，自己擅長的(de)(de)技能能否重新(xin)得以(yi)發揮(hui)等(deng)，也是(shi)(shi)顧(gu)(gu)(gu)慮重重。他(ta)們(men)認為自己多年在(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)生產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)過(guo)程中負了(le)(le)傷(shang)、流(liu)了(le)(le)血，作(zuo)出了(le)(le)貢獻，所以(yi)反復找有(you)(you)關(guan)職(zhi)能部(bu)門和(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領導，要(yao)求(qiu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)給予照(zhao)顧(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)滿足(zu)自己的(de)(de)各種(zhong)要(yao)求(qiu)。這(zhe)些不穩定(ding)因(yin)(yin)素嚴重干擾了(le)(le)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)流(liu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，也影(ying)響了(le)(le)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)和(he)諧穩定(ding)。

三、企業改制(zhi)分流中妥善解決工傷(shang)職工問題的具體(ti)做(zuo)法

企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)通(tong)過組織改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學習相關法(fa)(fa)規(gui)文件精神，幫助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準確理解(jie)和(he)把握《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)條(tiao)例》中(zhong)確定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項具體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，針對(dui)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難(nan)以(yi)(yi)理解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)醫(yi)(yi)療補(bu)(bu)(bu)償補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)計(ji)發(fa)中(zhong)“五級至(zhi)十級傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)自愿與(yu)(yu)用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)解(jie)除或(huo)終止勞動(dong)關系(xi)，用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)應當(dang)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)醫(yi)(yi)療補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)和(he)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)，但一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)醫(yi)(yi)療補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)按照(zhao)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)年(nian)(nian)齡距法(fa)(fa)定(ding)退休年(nian)(nian)齡不足10年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，每差1年(nian)(nian)扣(kou)減10%，不足1年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)按1年(nian)(nian)計(ji)算并終止其(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)關系(xi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)，經過反(fan)復多(duo)次(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策宣傳講解(jie)并取(qu)得市社保(bao)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)解(jie)釋(shi)，告(gao)知改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong):企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)將堅決維護職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)利益。使得工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)解(jie)除了(le)后顧之憂，從(cong)開(kai)始對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抵(di)觸(chu)情緒轉變為理解(jie)支(zhi)(zhi)持和(he)主動(dong)參(can)與(yu)(yu)改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在處理企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題上(shang)(shang)主要(yao)采取(qu)了(le)以(yi)(yi)下做法(fa)(fa)。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)被(bei)鑒定(ding)為五至(zhi)十級傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，愿意參(can)加改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)主體(ti)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)解(jie)除勞動(dong)關系(xi)，主體(ti)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)醫(yi)(yi)療補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)，同(tong)時終止其(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)關系(xi)。補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)全部(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)轉到(dao)(dao)(dao)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)賬戶，發(fa)放了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)，使得工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)基(ji)本生活開(kai)支(zhi)(zhi)和(he)醫(yi)(yi)治傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)病有(you)了(le)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)障。第(di)(di)二，屬于(yu)(yu)改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)男年(nian)(nian)滿(man)50周(zhou)歲(sui)(sui)(sui)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)、女干(gan)部(bu)年(nian)(nian)滿(man)45周(zhou)歲(sui)(sui)(sui)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)、女工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)年(nian)(nian)滿(man)40周(zhou)歲(sui)(sui)(sui)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，或(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)齡滿(man)三(san)十年(nian)(nian)，自愿申(shen)請(qing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)實行企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)退養(yang)。第(di)(di)三(san)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)被(bei)鑒定(ding)為五至(zhi)十級傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不愿意參(can)加改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)對(dui)這部(bu)分人(ren)(ren)重新(xin)安(an)置，根據(ju)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)等(deng)級照(zhao)顧原則安(an)排(pai)(pai)力所能及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崗(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)：其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)根據(ju)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)程度有(you)自愿要(yao)求(qiu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)生產一(yi)(yi)(yi)線(xian)倒(dao)班的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支(zhi)(zhi)持并滿(man)足他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)；也有(you)根據(ju)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)能特(te)長安(an)排(pai)(pai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)輔助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生產車間(jian)部(bu)分倒(dao)班崗(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)白班崗(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)；還(huan)有(you)安(an)排(pai)(pai)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)等(deng)級較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)保(bao)衛(wei)部(bu)門經濟(ji)(ji)民警崗(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)擔(dan)負起保(bao)衛(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)社區安(an)全責(ze)任的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；另外(wai)還(huan)考慮到(dao)(dao)(dao)部(bu)分并未完全喪(sang)失勞動(dong)能力、其(qi)(qi)家庭困難(nan)又主動(dong)要(yao)求(qiu)上(shang)(shang)崗(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，適當(dang)照(zhao)顧安(an)排(pai)(pai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)社區服務中(zhong)心(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。不愿重新(xin)上(shang)(shang)崗(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)自愿申(shen)請(qing)協議解(jie)除勞動(dong)合(he)同(tong)，由(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)按《勞動(dong)法(fa)(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)解(jie)除勞動(dong)合(he)同(tong)經濟(ji)(ji)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償金(jin)(jin)(jin)及(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)醫(yi)(yi)療補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)和(he)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)殘(can)(can)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)補(bu)(bu)(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)，使其(qi)(qi)走向(xiang)(xiang)社會自謀(mou)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

1依法(fa)修訂勞動合(he)同文本

國有(you)企業應(ying)該要努力(li)改變原有(you)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)人事關(guan)(guan)系(xi)管(guan)理(li)(li)觀念，逐步(bu)(bu)轉變為勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)訂立(li)管(guan)理(li)(li)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)加強勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)文本解除(chu)、續(xu)訂、變更(geng)、訂立(li)等相關(guan)(guan)法律程序的(de)動(dong)態管(guan)理(li)(li)。及時為國有(you)企業職(zhi)工(gong)辦(ban)理(li)(li)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)解除(chu)、續(xu)訂、變更(geng)、訂立(li)手續(xu)，及時為那些已(yi)解除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)職(zhi)工(gong)辦(ban)理(li)(li)社會關(guan)(guan)系(xi)轉移手續(xu)和(he)檔(dang)案(an)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)轉移手續(xu)，且為其出具解除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)證(zheng)明書。對核心(xin)管(guan)理(li)(li)人員和(he)技術人員離(li)職(zhi)和(he)調動(dong)，企業要指派專(zhuan)人對其進(jin)行審查(cha)，按照勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)規定簽訂保密(mi)措(cuo)施，避(bi)免(mian)國有(you)企業的(de)核心(xin)技術秘密(mi)泄露。

2完善勞動合同期限管理

國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應基于(yu)長遠(yuan)角度來(lai)看待勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)管理問題，無(wu)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)對于(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)來(lai)說都是(shi)雙贏的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為。無(wu)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)規劃自己的(de)(de)(de)職業(ye)(ye)生涯(ya)，有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建立起穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)職工(gong)隊伍，這也是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應該承擔的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會責任。中(zhong)華人民共和(he)(he)國(guo)《勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法》明確規定(ding)，只(zhi)要勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)滿足了(le)(le)(le)以(yi)下要求，就可以(yi)與企(qi)業(ye)(ye)簽(qian)訂(ding)無(wu)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，具體包括：（1）勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)與企(qi)業(ye)(ye)簽(qian)訂(ding)兩(liang)次固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)；（2）勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)已在企(qi)業(ye)(ye)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)工(gong)作(zuo)時間超過(guo)了(le)(le)(le)十年；（3）國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)改制重(zhong)新簽(qian)訂(ding)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時或者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)首次實行(xing)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)制度，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在該單(dan)位(wei)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)工(gong)作(zuo)時間超過(guo)了(le)(le)(le)十年，且距國(guo)家所規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)法定(ding)退休(xiu)年齡在十年以(yi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)。值得注意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，無(wu)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)并(bing)非(fei)意味著"鐵(tie)飯碗"、"終身制"，只(zhi)要勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與用人單(dan)位(wei)協商一致，或者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)達到了(le)(le)(le)國(guo)家關于(yu)解除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)法定(ding)條件時，無(wu)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)也是(shi)能夠被解除的(de)(de)(de)。

3依法制定直接涉及職工切身利(li)益的規章制度

（1）規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)內容要(yao)(yao)(yao)合法(fa)(fa)國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)所指定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)符合中(zhong)華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)《勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)》、《勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)》對(dui)(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)權益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)能(neng)夠(gou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本權利(li)予以(yi)(yi)切實保護。（2）規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)程序要(yao)(yao)(yao)合法(fa)(fa)國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)涉及勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)基本利(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)時(shi)，務必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)過(guo)全體職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)討論(lun)或者(zhe)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)代表大會(hui)討論(lun)來提出相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)和(he)(he)方(fang)案。同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)也應該要(yao)(yao)(yao)與(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)代表或者(zhe)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容進(jin)行(xing)(xing)平等協商確定(ding)(ding)，職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)有(you)(you)權對(dui)(dui)(dui)不滿意(yi)之處(chu)提出質疑及修改意(yi)見(jian)。（3）規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)應當(dang)公示國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關系管(guan)理時(shi)有(you)(you)義務為(wei)(wei)廣大職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)公示規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)能(neng)夠(gou)讓所有(you)(you)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都對(dui)(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)予以(yi)(yi)及時(shi)了解(jie)。雖然(ran)中(zhong)華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)《勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)》并沒有(you)(you)具體明確如何公示規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，但國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)應該盡量避免直接用(yong)電(dian)子郵件(jian)、短信、電(dian)話、公告欄內張貼(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)予以(yi)(yi)公示，以(yi)(yi)免出現不必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律風險。比較科(ke)學有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公示方(fang)法(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)：首先，應該以(yi)(yi)文件(jian)形式印發規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，或將其制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作成為(wei)(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附件(jian)，或將其編印成《員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)手冊》來直接發給員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。第(di)二(er)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)廣大職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓，并讓廣大職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)在職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)代會(hui)上進(jin)行(xing)(xing)討論(lun)。通(tong)過(guo)這些方(fang)式，國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)避免不必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)糾紛，也能(neng)夠(gou)較好地維護職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本權利(li)義務。

一、調研方案

本(ben)研究采(cai)用(yong)問(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)法(fa)(fa)，深(shen)入(ru)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)，入(ru)戶(hu)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)。課(ke)題組于2013年1—2月，赴江(jiang)蘇、浙(zhe)江(jiang)、山(shan)東(dong)、河北(bei)、湖北(bei)、湖南、安徽(hui)、河南、陜西、貴州等十省農(nong)(nong)村(cun)勞(lao)動力(li)流出地的(de)(de)典型村(cun)，對在私營企業就業、返鄉過(guo)年的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行了(le)勞(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)狀況入(ru)戶(hu)問(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)。調(diao)查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)目的(de)(de)是，深(shen)入(ru)了(le)解(jie)當前外出農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)在私營企業勞(lao)動就業、工(gong)(gong)(gong)資收(shou)(shou)入(ru)、勞(lao)動條件(jian)、社會保(bao)障、權(quan)益維護等勞(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)現狀、影(ying)響勞(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)因素以及他(ta)們對勞(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)評價與期望等。樣(yang)本(ben)村(cun)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)采(cai)用(yong)了(le)判(pan)斷抽樣(yang)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，共選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)了(le)20個勞(lao)動力(li)外出典型村(cun)。農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)問(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)采(cai)用(yong)隨(sui)機(ji)抽樣(yang)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，在每個樣(yang)本(ben)村(cun)選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)30位(wei)農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行調(diao)查(cha)(cha)。本(ben)次調(diao)查(cha)(cha)共發放問(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)600份(fen)，回收(shou)(shou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)585份(fen)，回收(shou)(shou)率為97.5%，有效問(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)為585份(fen)，有效問(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)率為100%。在回收(shou)(shou)整(zheng)理問(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)基礎上，應用(yong)SPSS17.0統(tong)計軟件(jian)對問(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)進(jin)行了(le)統(tong)計分(fen)析。

二、農民工(gong)與受雇私營企業勞動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)現狀

農(nong)民(min)(min)工勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，是指用人(ren)單位(wei)招用農(nong)民(min)(min)工作(zuo)為單位(wei)成員(yuan)，農(nong)民(min)(min)工在用人(ren)單位(wei)的管理下(xia)提供(gong)有報酬的勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)而(er)產生(sheng)的權利義務關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。考慮到(dao)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的中國(guo)特色、中國(guo)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)政(zheng)策法規等制度(du)安排以及(ji)私營(ying)企業用工邏輯，本(ben)研究以鄧(deng)洛普(pu)的勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)統論(JohnT.Dulop，1993)基本(ben)思想為參照，考慮勞(lao)(lao)方、資方和政(zheng)府等三大(da)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)主(zhu)體，從(cong)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)就業、工資收(shou)入、勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)條件、社會(hui)保障、權益維(wei)護、所(suo)想所(suo)盼等六個維(wei)度(du)進行分析(xi)。

(一)勞動就業

1.多數農民工未接受過正式(shi)技能培訓，技能等級偏低

一、引言

對社(she)(she)會而言，企業勞動關系問題引發(fa)社(she)(she)會不公平現象，增(zeng)加(jia)社(she)(she)會不安定因素，提高社(she)(she)會經濟負擔，進而影響到社(she)(she)會穩(wen)定、和(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)發(fa)展。所以建(jian)立起和(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)的(de)勞動關系是建(jian)立和(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)社(she)(she)會的(de)前提，對于社(she)(she)會穩(wen)定、民(min)營企業健康發(fa)展具(ju)有重要意(yi)義。

二、民營(ying)企業建立和諧勞動關系(xi)的內(nei)涵(han)

 勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)也(ye)叫作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指用人單位和(he)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)過程中建(jian)立起來的(de)社(she)會(hui)經濟(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。民營企業(ye)(ye)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)體(ti)現出(chu)明顯的(de)雙重性，既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)會(hui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經濟(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隸屬依附也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平等合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)形式是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、沖突與矛(mao)盾的(de)結合體(ti)，怎(zen)樣(yang)妥(tuo)善(shan)解(jie)決雙方(fang)的(de)沖突和(he)矛(mao)盾，引導其向(xiang)良性合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)展，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)研究重點。和(he)諧(xie)(xie)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)應該建(jian)立在保護當事人合法權益和(he)利益的(de)基礎上，以實現勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者與企業(ye)(ye)雙贏(ying)的(de)目標。一方(fang)面能建(jian)立穩定和(he)諧(xie)(xie)的(de)文(wen)化環境、推(tui)動(dong)企業(ye)(ye)健康發(fa)展；另一方(fang)面可以讓(rang)職工將勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)當作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)覺行為，在付出(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)的(de)同時獲(huo)得(de)應有的(de)權益并實現自(zi)(zi)身的(de)發(fa)展目標。

三、民營(ying)企業建立和諧勞動關系過程中存在的問題

（一(yi)）用工(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)范性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)待提高(gao)(gao)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)和(he)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位義務和(he)權(quan)(quan)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)式憑(ping)證。現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)簽訂率(lv)比較低，有(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)系沒(mei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)特別(bie)(bie)普(pu)遍；即(ji)(ji)使簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，在(zai)(zai)履行方面(mian)也(ye)缺乏(fa)規(gui)范性(xing)(xing)，一(yi)旦出(chu)現(xian)(xian)爭議就會(hui)(hui)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)到勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)益。另外(wai)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)合同(tong)(tong)短期化(hua)、履約率(lv)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象，部(bu)分(fen)(fen)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)隨意辭(ci)退工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)、解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，不但(dan)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)利(li)益，還妨礙了工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歸屬感(gan)及其職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)穩定感(gan)，影響其工(gong)(gong)(gong)作積極性(xing)(xing)。(二）拖欠(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)比較嚴(yan)重。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所(suo)有(you)(you)者(zhe)利(li)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)擔心失業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)心理，以(yi)種種借口拖欠(qian)(qian)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)，有(you)(you)時先付給工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)，許諾(nuo)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)程完畢(bi)或年底(di)就結清(qing)余下工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)，能拖盡量拖，當(dang)拖欠(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)累計到一(yi)定程度時，一(yi)些民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)老板選(xuan)擇(ze)一(yi)走了之。（三）社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)問題(ti)特別(bie)(bie)突(tu)出(chu)。民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與(yu)社會(hui)(hui)基本保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例低，很(hen)(hen)多(duo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)此問題(ti)上選(xuan)擇(ze)逃避。即(ji)(ji)使參(can)與(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)，其保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)范圍比較狹窄，一(yi)般存(cun)在(zai)(zai)漏投、少(shao)投的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象，國家(jia)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)五項(xiang)基本險(xian)只保(bao)(bao)(bao)一(yi)兩項(xiang)。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主管人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、技術骨(gu)干、親(qin)屬投保(bao)(bao)(bao)，而農(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、臨時工(gong)(gong)(gong)等普(pu)通工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)則很(hen)(hen)少(shao)參(can)保(bao)(bao)(bao)。當(dang)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)失業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、疾病(bing)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)時缺少(shao)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障，會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資(zi)關(guan)系惡化(hua)。（四）勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護不完善，侵犯勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事件時有(you)(you)發生(sheng)。為(wei)了壓縮生(sheng)產成本，很(hen)(hen)多(duo)民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)降低衛(wei)生(sheng)和(he)安全投入(ru)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)危險(xian)、有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)、有(you)(you)毒(du)、噪音、高(gao)(gao)溫的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。近此年，民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)病(bing)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)率(lv)逐步提高(gao)(gao)。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)延(yan)長工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)時間，增(zeng)加勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)強(qiang)度，惡意侵犯工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)健康權(quan)(quan)和(he)休(xiu)假權(quan)(quan)。在(zai)(zai)紡織(zhi)、針織(zhi)等企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)經常加班，進行高(gao)(gao)強(qiang)度勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)，卻(que)沒(mei)有(you)(you)得到合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)補償。

案情簡介

申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)徐某(mou)(mou)，2009年(nian)通過招聘到(dao)本(ben)(ben)市某(mou)(mou)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)從事(shi)資(zi)格認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，雙(shuang)(shuang)方沒有(you)(you)簽訂書面(mian)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)，但該(gai)(gai)(gai)單(dan)位(wei)委托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才機構為(wei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)繳納了(le)自申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)入(ru)職(zhi)至(zhi)其(qi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)勞動(dong)(dong)仲裁(cai)(cai)當月的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會保險(xian)(xian)費。本(ben)(ben)案(an)被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)本(ben)(ben)市某(mou)(mou)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)科技有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)，該(gai)(gai)(gai)公(gong)司(si)與(yu)(yu)某(mou)(mou)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)擁有(you)(you)共同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法定(ding)代表人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，且兩企業(ye)在(zai)(zai)相同(tong)地址辦公(gong)。徐某(mou)(mou)自稱2011年(nian)11月經其(qi)本(ben)(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)調入(ru)被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)從事(shi)環境(jing)影(ying)響評(ping)價工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，2012年(nian)10月8日因個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)原因辭(ci)職(zhi)，2012年(nian)11月9日起再未到(dao)單(dan)位(wei)上(shang)班，隨后申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)到(dao)本(ben)(ben)委申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)勞動(dong)(dong)仲裁(cai)(cai)。在(zai)(zai)2011年(nian)11月至(zhi)2012年(nian)10月期間，申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)僅完(wan)成了(le)被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)安(an)(an)排的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，也完(wan)成了(le)某(mou)(mou)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)安(an)(an)排的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報酬按照其(qi)所評(ping)估項(xiang)目合(he)同(tong)金(jin)額乘(cheng)以(yi)雙(shuang)(shuang)方約定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例計算。被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)接(jie)到(dao)仲裁(cai)(cai)委應訴通知后，提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)答(da)辯(bian)意(yi)見，稱申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)并非該(gai)(gai)(gai)單(dan)位(wei)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，雙(shuang)(shuang)方不(bu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系，該(gai)(gai)(gai)單(dan)位(wei)借用申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)資(zi)格證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)進(jin)行(xing)環評(ping)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)并向申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)支付費用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)，并不(bu)能(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)判斷雙(shuang)(shuang)方存(cun)在(zai)(zai)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)，同(tong)時，被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)了(le)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養老保險(xian)(xian)對(dui)賬單(dan)，用以(yi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)某(mou)(mou)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)公(gong)司(si)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系。申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)不(bu)持異議(yi)，但堅持認為(wei)與(yu)(yu)被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系，申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)主張，提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)了(le)蓋(gai)有(you)(you)被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)公(gong)章的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明和顯示(shi)單(dan)位(wei)名(ming)稱為(wei)某(mou)(mou)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)科技工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環評(ping)上(shang)崗(gang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書。被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稱其(qi)無法核實(shi)(shi)(shi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明上(shang)公(gong)章的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)，且工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明有(you)(you)可能(neng)是該(gai)(gai)(gai)單(dan)位(wei)在(zai)(zai)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)報考從業(ye)資(zi)格證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)時為(wei)其(qi)出具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)能(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建立憑證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng);行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊性(xing)導致環評(ping)上(shang)崗(gang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)顯示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)單(dan)位(wei)并不(bu)一定(ding)是申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)，該(gai)(gai)(gai)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)業(ye)務關(guan)(guan)系。申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)求被(bei)(bei)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)其(qi)出具(ju)解除勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明，返還扣押的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)格證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書。

處理結果

駁回申請(qing)人的(de)仲裁(cai)請(qing)求。

爭議焦點

申請(qing)人(ren)與被申請(qing)人(ren)之間是否構成勞動(dong)關(guan)系。

一、勞動關系(xi)之現實困境

（一(yi)）勞(lao)動(dong)關系主體(ti)雙方力量對比(bi)失衡(heng)。

在從計(ji)劃經濟走向市場經濟的(de)變(bian)革(ge)洪流中，勞動(dong)關系領(ling)域發(fa)生了(le)深刻的(de)變(bian)化，勞動(dong)關系主體（勞動(dong)者階層(ceng)和雇主及管(guan)理(li)者階層(ceng)）得以重構，但(dan)主體雙方(fang)力(li)量對比懸殊(shu)。主要(yao)表(biao)現(xian)在：

1.經濟上雙方力量差距巨大。

在(zai)改革(ge)開放初(chu)(chu)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)“做大(da)蛋糕”的(de)(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)模式中(zhong)，在(zai)失(shi)敗者(zhe)(zhe)出現(xian)之(zhi)前就(jiu)造就(jiu)了(le)(le)一批(pi)(pi)成功者(zhe)(zhe)，而(er)(er)在(zai)后來的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)改制和市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，又有(you)一批(pi)(pi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)利用各(ge)種優(you)勢(shi)迅(xun)速暴富起來。體制制度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不完善使雇(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)快速完成了(le)(le)資本的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始積累，而(er)(er)勞動者(zhe)(zhe)也由于市場(chang)(chang)機制的(de)(de)(de)(de)建立實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)所謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)“自由”。從經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang)看(kan)(kan)，雙(shuang)方(fang)力量(liang)懸殊。具體而(er)(er)言(yan)：首先(xian)，從直觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)來看(kan)(kan)，雇(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)絕對優(you)勢(shi)。根(gen)據有(you)關(guan)學者(zhe)(zhe)統(tong)計，從社(she)會(hui)各(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)社(she)會(hui)總(zong)(zong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)中(zhong)所占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)重來看(kan)(kan)（月收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)），整個雇(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)和管(guan)理者(zhe)(zhe)階(jie)(jie)(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)（業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)+小業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)+新中(zhong)產(chan)階(jie)(jie)(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)）占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)社(she)會(hui)就(jiu)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重為(wei)(wei)10%，而(er)(er)其在(zai)全(quan)(quan)社(she)會(hui)總(zong)(zong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)中(zhong)所占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)重為(wei)(wei)32.53%。整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)階(jie)(jie)(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)社(she)會(hui)就(jiu)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重為(wei)(wei)30.61％，其在(zai)全(quan)(quan)社(she)會(hui)總(zong)(zong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)中(zhong)所占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)重為(wei)(wei)35.67％。雙(shuang)方(fang)差(cha)距巨大(da)。從企業(ye)經(jing)營者(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)年平均(jun)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)變化(hua)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)來看(kan)(kan)（年收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)），經(jing)營者(zhe)(zhe)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)呈(cheng)增(zeng)長(chang)趨勢(shi)，而(er)(er)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)呈(cheng)下(xia)降趨勢(shi)。自改革(ge)開放以(yi)(yi)來，我國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展迅(xun)速，GDP年均(jun)增(zeng)長(chang)率近(jin)10％，但是(shi)，目前職工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)GDP比(bi)例持續走低(di)，這還沒有(you)包括大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，如(ru)果將農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)計算在(zai)內，工(gong)(gong)(gong)資增(zeng)速還會(hui)下(xia)降。其次(ci)，從受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上(shang)看(kan)(kan)，管(guan)理者(zhe)(zhe)階(jie)(jie)(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)較大(da)優(you)勢(shi)。受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)和經(jing)濟(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)之(zhi)間存在(zai)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)密切的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯，在(zai)國(guo)際通行的(de)(de)(de)(de)明瑟收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益率模型(xing)中(zhong)，受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)被看(kan)(kan)作是(shi)反映人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們經(jing)濟(ji)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心指標之(zhi)一。據國(guo)家(jia)統(tong)計局和勞動社(she)會(hui)保障部的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)計，我國(guo)歷年按職業(ye)劃分的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)就(jiu)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)構成的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)不大(da)：單(dan)位(wei)(wei)負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)最高，專(zhuan)業(ye)技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員次(ci)之(zhi)，商業(ye)服務人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員文(wen)化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)較低(di)，生(sheng)產(chan)運輸(shu)設備操作人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員及農(nong)(nong)林(lin)牧(mu)漁(yu)(yu)水(shui)產(chan)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員文(wen)化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)最低(di)。這里我們選取(qu)了(le)(le)2007年和2012年作為(wei)(wei)樣本，從表中(zhong)可以(yi)(yi)看(kan)(kan)出：單(dan)位(wei)(wei)負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)初(chu)(chu)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)34.2％（2007）、38.9％（2012），而(er)(er)農(nong)(nong)林(lin)牧(mu)漁(yu)(yu)水(shui)產(chan)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員初(chu)(chu)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)文(wen)化(hua)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)94.6％（2007）、93.1％（2012）；單(dan)位(wei)(wei)負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)大(da)專(zhuan)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)36.4％（2007）、34.7％（2012），而(er)(er)農(nong)(nong)林(lin)牧(mu)漁(yu)(yu)水(shui)產(chan)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員大(da)專(zhuan)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)僅0.2％（2007）、0.7％（2012）。

2.政治地位與權力能力方(fang)面管理者階(jie)層處于絕對優勢。