導語：如何才能寫(xie)好(hao)一篇路(lu)橋防水施工，這就需要(yao)搜集(ji)整理(li)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)資(zi)料和文(wen)獻，歡迎(ying)閱讀由公務員之家(jia)整理(li)的(de)十篇范(fan)文(wen)，供你借鑒(jian)。

篇1

摘要：路橋 施工 防水技術

隨著交通事業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速發(fa)展，我(wo)國(guo)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)和橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁建設等(deng)都得到(dao)(dao)迅猛發(fa)展，路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)筋及混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)板在經受(shou)(shou)車輛重復載荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)震(zhen)動等(deng)力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，出(chu)現混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)筋銹(xiu)斷，導致(zhi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)久性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)高，為(wei)了(le)減少(shao)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)和橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁的(de)(de)(de)(de)維修費用(yong)，在路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪裝中(zhong)，要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)耐(nai)高溫的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)(cai)作(zuo)為(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，可以有效地減少(shao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)基因(yin)漏水(shui)(shui)因(yin)素(su)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)凹坑、塌落等(deng)現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生，延長(chang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)及橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常使用(yong)壽命。我(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)中(zhong)，把防(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)粘貼到(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)上形成(cheng)具有良好彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)薄膜(mo)層，使其從混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)孔隙中(zhong)進入混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)內部(bu)，起到(dao)(dao)強(qiang)化(hua)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自防(fang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，可以使路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)不(bu)受(shou)(shou)凍融循環的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，且(qie)不(bu)受(shou)(shou)因(yin)撒除冰鹽融化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽水(shui)(shui)侵蝕，能夠(gou)增強(qiang)鋼(gang)筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)久性(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)但(dan)能夠(gou)承受(shou)(shou)碎石的(de)(de)(de)(de)穿(chuan)刺而不(bu)破壞，還具有較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫抗裂性(xing)(xing)(xing)。

一路橋施工技術的控制

路橋面防水(shui)層的(de)施工(gong)技(ji)術，必須(xu)(xu)在技(ji)術上必須(xu)(xu)要嚴(yan)格把關(guan)，避(bi)免大的(de)缺陷或漏洞的(de)產(chan)生，確保(bao)道路安全。

1 防(fang)(fang)水泥(ni)(ni)(ni)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)應(ying)用技術。橋(qiao)梁在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工過(guo)程中，施(shi)工單位為保(bao)(bao)證橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)水的(de)(de)質(zhi)量，在(zai)(zai)(zai)進行鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)層的(de)(de)水泥(ni)(ni)(ni)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)配比設(she)計(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)滿(man)足一般(ban)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)， 嚴(yan)格(ge)控制(zhi)組(zu)成材料配合(he)(he)比，改善(shan)水泥(ni)(ni)(ni)膠粘(zhan)(zhan)劑的(de)(de)配制(zhi)，配置摻15% 聚(ju)乙烯醇膠液的(de)(de)水泥(ni)(ni)(ni)時(shi)(shi)，先用水浸透(tou)，然后按比例(li)加(jia)入聚(ju)乙烯醇膠液，充分攪拌(ban)(ban)均(jun)勻(yun)，水泥(ni)(ni)(ni)膠粘(zhan)(zhan)劑要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)無凝(ning)(ning)(ning)塊、無離(li)析現(xian)象，氣溫(wen)低時(shi)(shi)制(zhi)備的(de)(de)水泥(ni)(ni)(ni)膠粘(zhan)(zhan)劑要稠(chou)些(xie)，聚(ju)氨酯密(mi)封膠的(de)(de)配制(zhi)規定以(yi)(yi)(yi) 1：2.0 的(de)(de)比例(li)混(hun)合(he)(he)攪拌(ban)(ban)均(jun)勻(yun)，用于涂(tu)刷卷(juan)材收頭、收縮縫(feng)等(deng)節點細(xi)部構造(zao)。適(shi)量摻加(jia)少量外加(jia)劑來提高(gao)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)內部密(mi)實(shi)度(du)(du)，強(qiang)化(hua)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)抗滲(shen)性.以(yi)(yi)(yi)減(jian)少空隙(xi)率，同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)證混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)強(qiang)度(du)(du)及和易(yi)性等(deng)一般(ban)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)前提下，盡量減(jian)少砂(sha)(sha)率和灰砂(sha)(sha)比，在(zai)(zai)(zai)粗骨料周圍(wei)形(xing)成足夠厚(hou)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)漿包裹層，通過(guo)采用小料徑石子(zi)來改善(shan)骨料顆(ke)料級配，力求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)適(shi)當延長拌(ban)(ban)合(he)(he)時(shi)(shi)間并切實(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)振搗，防(fang)(fang)止出現(xian)漏振中離(li)析現(xian)象的(de)(de)發生，盡量減(jian)少收縮裂縫(feng)的(de)(de)產(chan)生及早期的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)破壞. 摻和外加(jia)劑可以(yi)(yi)(yi)減(jian)少混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)用水量，又可以(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)快速水化(hua)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)便提高(gao)密(mi)實(shi)度(du)(du)減(jian)少空隙(xi)，形(xing)成大量的(de)(de)封閉(bi)小氣泡(pao)，這些(xie)氣泡(pao)能使(shi)水路變得(de)細(xi)小，分散，把抗滲(shen)指(zhi)標列入水泥(ni)(ni)(ni)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)層的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)指(zhi)標體系，在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中嚴(yan)格(ge)執行，并有效保(bao)(bao)證橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)水泥(ni)(ni)(ni)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)層的(de)(de)施(shi)工質(zhi)量，盡量滿(man)足防(fang)(fang)水要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu).

2 瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)凝土鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工技術。首先(xian)是做好基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)處理(li)(li)(li)，將路基(ji)(ji)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜物清理(li)(li)(li)干(gan)凈，并壓實使其平(ping)整(zheng)牢固。用(yong)直尺檢查(cha)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)與直尺間的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)空隙(xi)(xi)不應超過(guo)4mm ，且每米內不得超過(guo) 2處，基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)不得出現(xian)疏松、尖凸、凹陷(xian)、脫皮、起砂等現(xian)象，不得有明水(shui)，陰陽角處要做成(cheng)半徑(jing)為 150m。其次是瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)凝土的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)要置于水(shui)泥(ni)混(hun)凝土鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上層(ceng)，上層(ceng)防水(shui)是關(guan)鍵，因為水(shui)一旦進入水(shui)泥(ni)混(hun)凝土的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)就無法排除，會直接影響(xiang)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐久性，造成(cheng)路橋蒲裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞(huai).嚴格規范(fan)施工程序，合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)地確定料(liao)礦(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)級配范(fan)圍(wei)，避免瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)合(he)(he)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙(xi)(xi). 合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)級配使實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙(xi)(xi)率接近設(she)計(ji)空隙(xi)(xi)率，同時施工過(guo)程中如果不要追求瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)合(he)(he)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)密(mi)度(du)，防止造成(cheng)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)橋面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙(xi)(xi)率變大(da)，容(rong)易發生早期(qi)水(shui)損壞(huai).

3提(ti)高(gao)橋(qiao)面(mian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能.橋(qiao)梁(liang)施工中的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)本身具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)作用，但(dan)還要滿足一(yi)(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊要求. 在大面(mian)積鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)貼(tie)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)前(qian)，對(dui)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)縫等節點細(xi)部(bu)(bu)應(ying)增(zeng)貼(tie)2～24層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，寬度不(bu)小(xiao)于 400mm ，并(bing)輔以 1.50mm 厚聚(ju)氨酯密(mi)封(feng)膠密(mi)封(feng)處理。在橋(qiao)梁(liang)縫的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)設(she)置加強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，于縫寬兩側空鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)500mm 的(de)(de)(de)(de)復合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，以確保防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)量。 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)要與(yu)其上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瀝(li)青(qing)混(hun)(hun)凝土和(he)下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)水(shui)(shui)泥混(hun)(hun)凝土具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)結合，使上(shang)下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)親和(he)性(xing)和(he)粘接強(qiang)度.還要具(ju)有(you)較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮變形(xing)(xing)(xing)抵抗(kang)力(li)，不(bu)容易因為表(biao)面(mian)產生機械破(po)壞以及(ji)高(gao)溫(wen)作用而出(chu)現(xian)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)就要求防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)具(ju)有(you)抗(kang)剪性(xing)和(he)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)高(gao)溫(wen)性(xing)能，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)瀝(li)青(qing)混(hun)(hun)凝土上(shang)面(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)對(dui)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞，。施工前(qian)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)將瀝(li)青(qing)混(hun)(hun)凝土橋(qiao)面(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)表(biao)面(mian)清掃(sao)(sao)干(gan)凈，對(dui)泄水(shui)(shui)孔緣等死(si)角部(bu)(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)清理要到位，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工要簡便，快速(su)，禁止(zhi)任何機具(ju)及(ji)人(ren)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞污染等，并(bing)保持表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清潔(jie)，對(dui)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)裝坑(keng)槽，要加強(qiang)清掃(sao)(sao)及(ji)養護(hu)，在大面(mian)積鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)貼(tie)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)等節點細(xi)部(bu)(bu)應(ying)增(zeng)貼(tie)1N2 層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，橫向縫的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)應(ying)空鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)500mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)復合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，以確保結構(gou)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)時防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)量.施工后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)接縫要用袋狀松(song)散重物壓(ya)住.卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)貼(tie)方向要與(yu)道路行駛方向一(yi)(yi)致，卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長邊要保證鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)貼(tie)卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)順直卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)貼(tie)要平整，搭接尺寸要規范，正確出(chu)現(xian)露底和(he)堆積，通過基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)擠壓(ya)密(mi)實(shi)，排(pai)出(chu)多余的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣，

二(er)加強防水層成(cheng)品的養護。

1鋪貼(tie)復合(he)(he)防(fang)水(shui)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)的(de)養護 。復合(he)(he)防(fang)水(shui)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)在施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)要(yao)做好防(fang)雨措(cuo)施(shi)，為(wei)防(fang)止被風(feng)刮(gua)起，施(shi)工(gong)后(hou)的(de)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)頭(tou)部位可(ke)用松散重物壓住，氣(qi)溫(wen)較高時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意灑(sa)水(shui)防(fang)止卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)變形起鼓。 卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)搭接寬(kuan)度不得(de)大于 90mm ，相鄰的(de)接縫不得(de)相互垂直粘(zhan)貼(tie)，卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)的(de)鋪貼(tie)方向要(yao)與(yu)與(yu)橋面的(de)橫(heng)坡一致。 根據防(fang)水(shui)工(gong)程構造尺寸，將(jiang)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)裁剪并先鋪平面，用刮(gua)板將(jiang)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)與(yu)膠(jiao)粘(zhan)劑、基(ji)層(ceng)粘(zhan)接牢(lao)固(gu)，排(pai)出多余(yu)的(de)漿液和空氣(qi)，使得(de)平面鋪貼(tie)的(de)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)有(you)效(xiao)粘(zhan)接面積要(yao)達90% 以上(shang)。卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)搭接處要(yao)用100mm 寬(kuan)的(de)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)封條。 施(shi)工(gong)結束后(hou)，同建設監(jian)理單位共同按質量(liang)標準進行驗收(shou)(shou)，必要(yao)部位要(yao)進行抽樣檢驗，驗收(shou)(shou)合(he)(he)格后(hou)還要(yao)對防(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)要(yao)加以保(bao)護，嚴禁(jin)機械人(ren)為(wei)破壞。

2加強防(fang)水(shui)層成(cheng)品的(de)養(yang)護(hu) 。在(zai)條(tiao)件允許(xu)的(de)情況下，在(zai)施工后(hou)要進(jin)行封(feng)閉管理，在(zai)防(fang)水(shui)層牢固(gu)后(hou)要按時養(yang)護(hu)修整，及(ji)時處理損壞部位，加固(gu)薄(bo)弱部位，避免人為破壞，需(xu)要采(cai)取更重有力手段(duan)，維護(hu)防(fang)水(shui)層的(de)質量(liang)，加強道路安全。

路(lu)橋(qiao)施(shi)工中的(de)防水技術(shu)是路(lu)橋(qiao)設施(shi)建設中的(de)關鍵環節(jie)，要求(qiu)必(bi)須嚴格控制(zhi)各(ge)個施(shi)工質量，為(wei)今后加強新技術(shu)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)提(ti)供基礎，為(wei)路(lu)橋(qiao)安全(quan)建設貢獻力量。

參考文獻：

[1]王善(shan)華.建筑(zhu)工程(cheng)屋面防水質量控制措施[J].山西建筑(zhu)，2010，（4）：280.

[2]邱廣通.淺(qian)析我國路橋施(shi)工質(zhi)量的控制措施(shi)[J].黑龍江交通科(ke)技，2011，（6）：118.

[3]王萬建.路橋(qiao)工程中防水層的施工及注意(yi)事項[J].江西建材，2011（4）：242-243.

[4]潘國良.探討(tao)路橋施工中防水層質量控制(zhi)[J].科技資訊，2012（6）：251.

篇2

關(guan)鍵詞：路橋施工 防水層 質量控(kong)制(zhi)

橋(qiao)(qiao)面防水層是(shi)確保橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)效益的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)，更是(shi)保證橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)在運(yun)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)合理有(you)序發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)前提基礎。水泥(ni)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)作為當前橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)筑中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)材料(liao)和重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝，其在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)抓好(hao)水泥(ni)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)橋(qiao)(qiao)面的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)理，做到跟路基、路面單位(wei)加強(qiang)合作是(shi)保證水泥(ni)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)橋(qiao)(qiao)面在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)提高(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，更是(shi)確保橋(qiao)(qiao)面工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)防水施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)縫質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效保障措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。1、防水層施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)影響(xiang)因(yin)素(su)

1.1防水材料

材料(liao)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)的(de)主要基礎，更是(shi)(shi)確保建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)質量的(de)關鍵。防(fang)(fang)水(shui)材料(liao)選擇的(de)合理與(yu)(yu)否與(yu)(yu)施工(gong)質量和施工(gong)效益有著必然的(de)影響。在橋(qiao)面(mian)施工(gong)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，待(dai)橋(qiao)面(mian)涂膜干后，能保持(chi)一(yi)定的(de)低溫柔性；抗(kang)剪切(qie)力強。能夠靜的(de)柱橋(qiao)面(mian)在使(shi)用(yong)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中受到長期(qi)的(de)荷(he)載(zai)而抗(kang)壓要求，更是(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)滲水(shui)造成的(de)結構(gou)破(po)壞形式和破(po)壞方式，確保橋(qiao)梁使(shi)用(yong)年限和使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命，更是(shi)(shi)可以防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)由于混凝土橋(qiao)面(mian)漏水(shui)而引起(qi)的(de)鋼(gang)筋腐蝕因素，提高橋(qiao)體(ti)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命。

1.2水泥(ni)混泥(ni)土(tu)橋面質量(liang)

涂料在使用(yong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中應當在應用(yong)之前進(jin)(jin)行攪拌(ban)均勻，更(geng)是要確(que)保(bao)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)在施工的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中清楚干凈，對各種粗糙(cao)的(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)進(jin)(jin)行合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)影(ying)響，其防水層之間的(de)(de)粘接力要進(jin)(jin)行合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)控(kong)制，使得其瀝青橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)在裝(zhuang)修質量的(de)(de)影(ying)響過(guo)程(cheng)中能夠合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)完成其使用(yong)方式，確(que)保(bao)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)質量。

1.3施工(gong)管理水平

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位能(neng)否按(an)著設計和規范(fan)要(yao)求施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，能(neng)否按(an)著要(yao)求做好防水(shui)層施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)的養生管理，也將很大程度影響防水(shui)層的質量，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中，員工(gong)(gong)(gong)亂踩(cai)未干的防水(shui)層。

2、橋面防水層施工(gong)技術

2.1一般規定

橋面(mian)防(fang)水層(ceng)要(yao)按設計要(yao)求設置。使(shi)用(yong)的(de)防(fang)水涂料應在(zai)(zai)有效期以內，使(shi)用(yong)前(qian)應攪拌(ban)均(jun)勻(yun)，并(bing)注(zhu)意密封(feng)保(bao)存(cun)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時所使(shi)用(yong)的(de)儀器(qi)、設備(bei)應進行檢驗和校正，滿足精度要(yao)求后(hou)方可使(shi)用(yong)。為(wei)(wei)保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時的(de)最低氣溫不(bu)應低于5℃，雨天、大霧及大風天不(bu)得(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，不(bu)宜在(zai)(zai)后(hou)半夜潮露時施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。噴(pen)(pen)涂時要(yao)做到厚度適宜、噴(pen)(pen)灑均(jun)勻(yun)，不(bu)得(de)有泡沫、氣泡，不(bu)能有流淌、堆(dui)積或漏噴(pen)(pen)現(xian)象，每層(ceng)涂膜表干后(hou)方可進行下一(yi)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)嚴(yan)禁亂(luan)踩未干的(de)防(fang)水層(ceng)。不(bu)準穿帶(dai)釘鞋進人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作面(mian)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)鞋和生活用(yong)鞋要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)分開，防(fang)止污染橋面(mian)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結(jie)束后(hou)，在(zai)(zai)瀝青(qing)混凝土面(mian)層(ceng)未施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)要(yao)嚴(yan)加保(bao)護，防(fang)止人為(wei)(wei)破(po)壞(huai)或施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)損傷。

3、主要問題分析

橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)水(shui)泥混凝土(tu)層(ceng)平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)差、標高不(bu)(bu)均勻(yun)、低洼不(bu)(bu)平(ping)，將導(dao)致防水(shui)粘(zhan)結層(ceng)出現堆積，瀝青(qing)(qing)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)離(li)析嚴重，由于(yu)瀝青(qing)(qing)層(ceng)厚(hou)薄不(bu)(bu)一(yi)，瀝青(qing)(qing)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)與(yu)(yu)集料最(zui)大公稱粒徑也不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)匹配，按正常方(fang)法碾壓(ya)，壓(ya)實度(du)難(nan)以保證。混凝土(tu)表面(mian)(mian)的凹陷部(bu)分在使用過程(cheng)中(zhong)很容易積水(shui)的地方(fang)，滲人(ren)的水(shui)排(pai)不(bu)(bu)出去，高溫(wen)時化成水(shui)汽，使瀝青(qing)(qing)層(ceng)與(yu)(yu)混凝土(tu)板(ban)脫(tuo)空。對(dui)于(yu)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)鋪裝(zhuang)層(ceng)而言，橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)與(yu)(yu)瀝青(qing)(qing)鋪裝(zhuang)層(ceng)之問的粘(zhan)結至為重要。這一(yi)粘(zhan)結層(ceng)除(chu)了具(ju)有“承上啟下(xia)”的粘(zhan)結作用外，還(huan)應(ying)具(ju)有對(dui)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)的防水(shui)保護功能。

4、防水層質量(liang)控制(zhi)方法(fa)

4.1建(jian)立完善的質量管理體系

由于(yu)在(zai)混凝(ning)土施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)工(gong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完善，確保(bao)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)進行合理完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理方式，建(jian)(jian)立完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理體制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)保(bao)證混凝(ning)土施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵性要素(su)，更是(shi)要以我做起(qi)，這(zhe)也是(shi)保(bao)證公路建(jian)(jian)設(she)施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要方式和(he)問題。建(jian)(jian)立與完善各項規章制(zhi)(zhi)度，加強在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)對各個(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)因素(su)，明(ming)(ming)確崗位職責，建(jian)(jian)立完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)證體系。明(ming)(ming)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抓好各個(ge)職工(gong)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，這(zhe)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)設(she)是(shi)包括在(zai)思想教育和(he)工(gong)作技能上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重建(jian)(jian)設(she)，為確保(bao)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理有效奠定基(ji)礎條件。在(zai)充(chong)分理解(jie)技術要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，通過嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)體系控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)強有力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指揮系統，做到對各個(ge)施(shi)工(gong)環節(jie)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)細節(jie)不放過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理保(bao)證和(he)管(guan)理措施(shi)。

4.2加(jia)強原材料的質量控制(zhi)

進場材料必(bi)須(xu)有(you)檢測(ce)報告(gao)，出廠合格證、標志以及包(bao)裝(zhuang)等要(yao)(yao)符合要(yao)(yao)求。材料進場后應

分類(lei)、分批存放于陰涼(liang)、干(gan)燥(zao)、通風(feng)處(chu)，避免在陽光下暴曬和淋雨，要及時進行自檢和報檢，經監理工程(cheng)師(shi)檢查認可后方可使用。防水層材料必須(xu)滿足(zu)以下要求(qiu)：

①具有良(liang)好(hao)的不透水性(xing)能；

②與(yu)混凝土(tu)橋面瀝青(qing)混凝土(tu)面層有(you)足夠的黏結(jie)力；

③面層碾壓后的無破損性；

④良好的(de)高、低溫穩(wen)定性(xing)；

⑤對橋面準備(bei)狀況有廣泛的適應性；

⑥能(neng)抵御橋面裂縫的(de)影響(xiang)；

⑦不低于(yu)面層設計壽命的(de)耐(nai)久(jiu)性；

⑧施工工藝簡單、方便、快捷。

4.3合理安排施工、監控人員

在正式開(kai)始施工之前，應(ying)噴(pen)涂試驗段。通過(guo)試驗段確定以(yi)下項目：

①確定控制材(cai)料均勻性的方法；

②確定材料(liao)的噴灑量；

③確定標準的施(shi)工(gong)方法；

④確定工序間檢查驗收的(de)方法；

⑤確定每一作(zuo)業段(duan)的合適長(chang)度；

⑥確定養護(hu)和維修的方法。試驗(yan)段經檢查合格后(hou)(hou)，應對試驗(yan)段的情況進行(xing)(xing)總結，確定合適的施工工藝(yi)及(ji)質量控(kong)制措施，然后(hou)(hou)方可(ke)進行(xing)(xing)正式施工。

4.4加強施工工藝(yi)的控(kong)制(zhi)

4.4.1橋面(mian)處(chu)理(li)：防水層施工前要(yao)(yao)用(yong)專(zhuan)業的橋面(mian)清理(li)機械處(chu)理(li)橋面(mian)，清除橋面(mian)的土石(shi)等雜物(wu)。處(chu)理(li)完(wan)畢后要(yao)(yao)用(yong)高(gao)壓(ya)吹風機和水泵將橋面(mian)處(chu)理(li)干凈。

4.4.2護(hu)欄、泄(xie)水口及(ji)伸(shen)縮縫等部位的處理：橋梁護(hu)欄底部要(yao)涂刷(shua)高出橋面(mian)4cm的黏(nian)(nian)結防(fang)水層；橋面(mian)上泄(xie)水管外露部分及(ji)泄(xie)水管內(nei)部距橋面(mian)l0cm以內(nei)涂刷(shua)黏(nian)(nian)結防(fang)水層；伸(shen)縮縫、泄(xie)水口及(ji)橋面(mian)混凝土有折(zhe)角(jiao)的地(di)方，要(yao)先用滾刷(shua)刷(shua)涂，刷(shua)涂時要(yao)整齊(qi)，防(fang)止污染(ran)其他混凝土外露面(mian)。

4.4.3橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)防水(shui)層(ceng)施工結束后，在條件允許的情(qing)況下應立(li)即進行封閉管理，杜絕(jue)后期污染，對出現污染的橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)應對橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)進行全面(mian)(mian)清掃(sao)，可用機械鋼絲刷+森林滅火器+水(shui)按序(xu)清掃(sao)沖洗。

4.4.4橋(qiao)(qiao)面板清(qing)理必須采用(yong)專用(yong)設備，具體控(kong)制如下：用(yong)機械鋼絲(si)刷將(jiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)面上遺留(liu)的(de)水泥混凝(ning)土(tu)浮漿(jiang)、砂漿(jiang)殘(can)留(liu)物、浮塵清(qing)除(chu)干(gan)凈，出現難以清(qing)除(chu)的(de)部分、鋼筋(jin)外露的(de)情況應(ying)配合人(ren)工措(cuo)施鑿(zao)除(chu)，如有油漬要用(yong)洗沽劑清(qing)洗，然后用(yong)清(qing)掃專用(yong)設備及(ji)掃帚(zhou)、森林滅火(huo)器等將(jiang)細石、雜(za)物掃掉，灰塵吹干(gan)凈，并用(yong)高壓(ya)水槍對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)面進行(xing)沖洗，使橋(qiao)(qiao)面板干(gan)凈、整潔曬干(gan)后方能噴涂(tu)施工。

篇3

關鍵字: 路橋防水 施工

中圖(tu)分類號： TU57 文獻標識碼： A

隨(sui)著中國經濟的(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展，中國的(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)輸行業(ye)也(ye)得(de)到了長(chang)足的(de)(de)發(fa)展，道路(lu)(lu)和(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)建設(she)以及投資金(jin)額(e)的(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)也(ye)越來越大(da)。然而，實(shi)際情況是很大(da)一部分公(gong)路(lu)(lu)及橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)項目會(hui)在通(tong)車幾年后發(fa)生損壞，主要的(de)(de)原因是水(shui)(shui)損害造成的(de)(de)。道路(lu)(lu)和(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)防水(shui)(shui)層是對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)防水(shui)(shui)材料的(de)(de)再加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，其施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)直接(jie)關系(xi)到整個防水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。因此，我(wo)們必(bi)須(xu)建立質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制系(xi)統，完善道路(lu)(lu)和(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)建設(she)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術，以確保項目萬無(wu)一失。

1路橋工(gong)程防水(shui)層施工(gong)質量的影響(xiang)因(yin)素

路橋設(she)置(zhi)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的最(zui)主要目的是保證和(he)提(ti)高橋梁(liang)的耐久性(xing)(xing)，理想的防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)施工后應該(gai)在設(she)計年(nian)限內不(bu)(bu)(bu)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)且(qie)造價合理。防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)必須不(bu)(bu)(bu)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)且(qie)具備良(liang)好的溫度穩定性(xing)(xing)和(he)低溫抗(kang)裂(lie)性(xing)(xing)能；防水(shui)(shui)(shui)涂料必須具有良(liang)好的抗(kang)老化性(xing)(xing)能,不(bu)(bu)(bu)因受(shou)高溫、輾(zhan)壓(ya)、低溫、霜凍等作用而降低粘結(jie)能力、抗(kang)剪能力和(he)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)能力。

（1）防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料的性能。防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料應確(que)保以下屬性：路橋(qiao)涂膜干(gan)后，保持一(yi)定的柔韌(ren)性；可防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)造成結構破壞(huai)，延緩道(dao)路和橋(qiao)梁的使用壽命；在低溫條(tiao)件下，抗剪切力強(qiang)，能承(cheng)受(shou)長(chang)期的負荷和抗壓要求；能防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)由(you)于混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)路橋(qiao)漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)而引(yin)起的鋼(gang)筋(jin)腐蝕(shi)，提(ti)高橋(qiao)體的使用年(nian)限。（2）水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)橋(qiao)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)橋(qiao)是否潔(jie)凈，帶有或不帶有一(yi)定的粗糙(cao)表面，將直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)其與防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)之(zhi)間的粘結力，從(cong)而影(ying)響(xiang)瀝青鋪裝道(dao)路的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和橋(qiao)梁的性能。（3）項目建設(she)管(guan)理水(shui)(shui)(shui)平。工程(cheng)單位建設(she)能否按照設(she)計和規(gui)范，根據良好(hao)的要求管(guan)理防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的施工，也將極大地(di)影(ying)響(xiang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

2 常用防水措施的施工要點

目前用(yong)于路(lu)橋的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)措施(shi)可以分(fen)為三類：水(shui)(shui)泥砂(sha)漿找平層(ceng)、卷材防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)和涂料防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)，三類防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)措施(shi)在施(shi)工的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)有(you)其不同的(de)(de)注意事(shi)項，這里(li)一一介紹。

2.1水(shui)泥砂漿找平層的(de)施(shi)工要點(dian)

找平層的(de)強(qiang)度、坡度和表(biao)面狀況等對防水層施工質量影(ying)響很大，因此其強(qiang)度須滿足(zu)設計(ji)要求。

首先，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)行基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)清(qing)(qing)理和(he)灑水(shui)(shui)(shui)濕(shi)潤工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，首先清(qing)(qing)除基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜物，并要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)突(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)硬塊打(da)磨(mo)平整。在(zai)(zai)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)清(qing)(qing)理和(he)打(da)磨(mo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，進(jin)行灑水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)濕(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行這一步時，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員必須要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)控制好(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做到既不將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)澆透又要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)持基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)潤。其(qi)(qi)次(ci)，在(zai)(zai)找平層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上應(ying)該(gai)留出一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間設置分格(ge)縫(feng)。對(dui)于分格(ge)縫(feng)來說，并且要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)向(xiang)其(qi)(qi)中填入空(kong)鋪卷(juan)材(cai)條或者密(mi)封材(cai)料。在(zai)(zai)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)上述兩(liang)步施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)步驟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)坡度進(jin)行嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)掌控，并要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)確保(bao)找平層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坡度符合相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。第四，在(zai)(zai)鋪設砂(sha)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)按照從(cong)高到低(di)、從(cong)遠到近的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則進(jin)行鋪設，一個分格(ge)內要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)連續鋪設。在(zai)(zai)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)鋪設和(he)砂(sha)漿(jiang)收水(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使用專業工(gong)(gong)(gong)具將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)壓(ya)實磨(mo)平。此(ci)外(wai)，砂(sha)漿(jiang)嚴禁使用干(gan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥或者水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿(jiang)進(jin)行壓(ya)光處理。在(zai)(zai)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)鋪設工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)1 2 h 之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員方可(ke)進(jin)行灑水(shui)(shui)(shui)養護工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，在(zai)(zai)沒有(you)特殊情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，養護的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間應(ying)該(gai)為7 天(tian)以上，找平層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)完(wan)(wan)全干(gan)燥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，即(ji)可(ke)開(kai)展防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。在(zai)(zai)找平層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)完(wan)(wan)全硬化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員應(ying)該(gai)使用密(mi)封材(cai)料來填充分格(ge)縫(feng)。這樣才能夠確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)符合相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準。

2.2卷材防(fang)水層(ceng)的施工要點

（1）前期準備工作

工作(zuo)(zuo)人員應當全面(mian)的(de)測試(shi)基層的(de)干燥性及質(zhi)量水平，以確保它們符合相關(guan)建設標準，并要進行初步清理(li)。完(wan)成這(zhe)些工作(zuo)(zuo)之后(hou)，方可向找平層上涂刷基層的(de)處(chu)理(li)劑。特別需(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)是，在開(kai)展大(da)規模的(de)油漆工作(zuo)(zuo)之前(qian)先(xian)處(chu)理(li)橋梁表面(mian)上的(de)小角節點(dian)等(deng)部位，完(wan)成后(hou)，開(kai)始(shi)大(da)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)涂刷工作(zuo)(zuo)。

（2）卷材的鋪設要(yao)點

對(dui)于卷(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)防水(shui)層的(de)施工(gong)來說，在(zai)鋪(pu)設(she)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)之(zhi)前，要先(xian)(xian)對(dui)各個附(fu)加(jia)層、節點以(yi)及排水(shui)較(jiao)為集中(zhong)地部(bu)位進行處(chu)理；在(zai)鋪(pu)貼防水(shui)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)時(shi)(shi)，必須要確(que)保(bao)防水(shui)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)與路橋(qiao)(qiao)線路平行，卷(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)鋪(pu)設(she)應采取“先(xian)(xian)低(di)后高、先(xian)(xian)遠后近”的(de)施工(gong)順序，即有縱坡的(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)面先(xian)(xian)從縱坡低(di)處(chu)鋪(pu)起；在(zai)橫向(xiang)，先(xian)(xian)鋪(pu)路拱低(di)處(chu)（即從兩(liang)邊鋪(pu)向(xiang)中(zhong)間）。需要注意的(de)是，在(zai)鋪(pu)設(she)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)時(shi)(shi)必須要確(que)保(bao)相鄰的(de)兩(liang)幅卷(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)的(de)搭接縫是錯開的(de)。

（3）施工工藝

目前(qian)常用的(de)卷(juan)材基層粘(zhan)貼法是滿粘(zhan)法，即卷(juan)材要和(he)基層全面粘(zhan)結。大多數的(de)廠(chang)家(jia)的(de)卷(juan)材都要求底涂，即設(she)下粘(zhan)層，底涂層材料及其(qi)用量一般由卷(juan)材提(ti)供方(fang)配套提(ti)供，施工(gong)方(fang)法一般采用刷或噴(pen)涂。之后，根據具體的(de)工(gong)程情況，確(que)定卷(juan)材的(de)鋪(pu)(pu)設(she)方(fang)向(xiang)和(he)鋪(pu)(pu)設(she)順序，正式鋪(pu)(pu)設(she)之前(qian)要進行試(shi)鋪(pu)(pu)，在(zai)基層上(shang)找準基準線，然(ran)后沿(yan)基準線鋪(pu)(pu)設(she)卷(juan)材。

（4）細部施工要(yao)點

防水層(ceng)與護欄、路(lu)緣石(shi)、伸縮縫等處的細部處理，按照細部結(jie)構處理方(fang)(fang)法實施(shi)，應(ying)精心設計裁剪方(fang)(fang)式，做(zuo)到(dao)布局、用料合理，表面美觀(guan)。

2.3 噴(pen)涂防水涂料的施工要點(dian)

（1）前期準備

防(fang)水涂(tu)料噴涂(tu)開始前，工作人員必(bi)須對基(ji)面(mian)進行最初的(de)(de)清理工作，清除(chu)基(ji)面(mian)頂部的(de)(de)砂漿、浮塵和其他雜質，使基(ji)層扎實，符合(he)橋面(mian)板的(de)(de)標準。如果不能(neng)滿足，則應(ying)按推(tui)薦的(de)(de)處理措施進行校正(zheng)。在(zai)需(xu)要的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，工作人員還需(xu)要預先在(zai)基(ji)層上涂(tu)刷聚合(he)物水泥漿，以此來確(que)保(bao)基(ji)面(mian)的(de)(de)平整，并確(que)保(bao)不會出(chu)現裂縫、起殼等(deng)影響(xiang)施工質量的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。

（2）涂料噴涂注意(yi)事項

在(zai)施工中(zhong)，要使基層混(hun)凝土進(jin)入完(wan)全濕潤的(de)狀態，必須在(zai)基層混(hun)凝土噴(pen)灑足量的(de)水，，然后(hou)，在(zai)完(wan)成基層清洗(xi)和濕潤且表面沒有(you)浮水情況下(xia)，進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)水劑(ji)的(de)噴(pen)涂工作。

員工一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)注意以下兩(liang)點：首先，涂(tu)料使(shi)用(yong)前要(yao)充分均勻攪拌(ban)涂(tu)料；其次，噴霧(wu)底量要(yao)根據橋(qiao)梁的粗(cu)糙(cao)度來確定(ding)。第二次噴施2～3小時后，一(yi)般(ban)防水(shui)層將達到飽和(he)狀態(tai)，然后，有(you)關人員必須(xu)要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)噴霧(wu)器進行噴水(shui)工作，噴水(shui)養護需要(yao)連續進行2 4 h。

3 路橋工(gong)程防(fang)水層施工(gong)質量控制

在路橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)防水層的施工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，應當注意以下(xia)技術要點：

（1）路橋的檢查與(yu)清掃

防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)施工(gong)前(qian)，水(shui)(shui)泥混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)表面應(ying)進行(xing)銑刨拉毛處(chu)理，對(dui)于浮漿和(he)過高(gao)的突出部位應(ying)清(qing)除干凈；有條件的，推薦使用(yong)(yong)拋丸機(ji)對(dui)路(lu)橋(qiao)浮漿進行(xing)拋丸處(chu)理，以提高(gao)防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)和(he)瀝青混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)鋪裝層(ceng)(ceng)同混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)路(lu)橋(qiao)板之(zhi)間的抗剪強度。處(chu)理完成(cheng)后(hou)，應(ying)對(dui)路(lu)橋(qiao)進行(xing)全面清(qing)掃(sao)，可用(yong)(yong)機(ji)械鋼絲刷+森(sen)林(lin)滅火器+水(shui)(shui)按序清(qing)掃(sao)沖洗。

（2）防水層的耐久性(xing)要求(qiu)

防(fang)水層(ceng)應具有良好的耐(nai)(nai)久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)，至少應有不低于(yu)路橋瀝青(qing)鋪(pu)(pu)裝層(ceng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)年限的壽(shou)命（約8～10 年）。在(zai)環境(jing)條件-15～＋90℃范圍內，仍能保證防(fang)水層(ceng)的耐(nai)(nai)久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)。同時(shi)，在(zai)經受瀝青(qing)層(ceng)攤鋪(pu)(pu)溫度(du)約160℃后，不影響(xiang)其(qi)長期耐(nai)(nai)久(jiu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)性(xing)(xing)時(shi)。

（3）防(fang)水層(ceng)的(de)養護(hu)

防(fang)水層施(shi)工完(wan)畢后要(yao)養護24 小時以上，經(jing)檢查防(fang)水層實干后，方(fang)可進行瀝青混凝土(tu)鋪裝層施(shi)工。

總結

路(lu)橋的(de)(de)防水(shui)層是(shi)區別于其他設(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)、具有(you)特殊功能(neng)的(de)(de)防水(shui)層，它(ta)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)是(shi)好還(huan)是(shi)壞(huai)對橋梁(liang)使用功能(neng)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)極(ji)其重要的(de)(de)作用。對于公路(lu)和橋梁(liang)項(xiang)目，道路(lu)和橋梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)防水(shui)層施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)是(shi)否達到標準極(ji)大(da)地影響著(zhu)(zhu)整個工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)。因(yin)此，工(gong)作人(ren)員必須完(wan)善防水(shui)層的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)作，在完(wan)全(quan)詳細(xi)的(de)(de)掌握現有(you)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術的(de)(de)此基礎上，根(gen)據建設(she)的(de)(de)實際情況改(gai)進施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝，全(quan)面(mian)提高了防水(shui)層的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)。

參考文獻：

[1] 裴建中，輝，王秉(bing)綱. 路橋(qiao)(qiao)防水層施工技術研究[J]. 橋(qiao)(qiao)梁機(ji)械與施工技術. 2006(02)

[2] 楊(yang)舜龍，劉光(guang)萬. 橋(qiao)面防水(shui)層材料(liao)與施工(gong)要(yao)點分析[J]. 廣(guang)東建材. 2010(06)

[3] 徐淑卿. 淺談路橋工(gong)程防水層施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術要點(dian)[J]. 科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)導報. 2012(36)

篇4

關鍵(jian)詞：路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程；施工(gong)質(zhi)量；防水層；因素；對策

通(tong)常情況下(xia)，路橋(qiao)(qiao)工程工期比較長，路橋(qiao)(qiao)工程經過行人以(yi)(yi)及車輛的(de)(de)(de)碾壓(ya)，會逐(zhu)漸(jian)出現質(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，質(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti)(ti)是一(yi)個十分嚴峻的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。特別是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體滲漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體滲漏(lou)(lou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)橋(qiao)(qiao)面質(zhi)量產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)直接影響(xiang)(xiang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)交通(tong)運輸行業發展也具有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)。所以(yi)(yi)，從業人員對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)路橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工中防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)進(jin)行了(le)細致研究和分析(xi)(xi)，最(zui)終(zhong)找到了(le)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)施(shi)(shi)工最(zui)佳的(de)(de)(de)材料。防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)施(shi)(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)就是要(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分滲漏(lou)(lou)進(jin)行阻擋。由(you)于(yu)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)具有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)合理性以(yi)(yi)及經濟型，并(bing)且(qie)提升了(le)設備以(yi)(yi)及材料的(de)(de)(de)利用率(lv)，所以(yi)(yi)深受喜愛(ai)。下(xia)面就探析(xi)(xi)路橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工中防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)。

一、影響路橋(qiao)施工(gong)防(fang)水層質量的因素

近些年來，科(ke)學技術的(de)(de)(de)高速發展，提升了(le)(le)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)技術，想要(yao)(yao)對(dui)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)行嚴(yan)格(ge)控制(zhi)，必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)明確影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)諸多(duo)因素。第一(yi)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)因素。在(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)具有(you)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，在(zai)(zai)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)涂抹干燥以(yi)后，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)否能夠對(dui)長(chang)期負荷進(jin)(jin)行承(cheng)受。所以(yi)，運用的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)與相關(guan)標準相符合(he)，這樣能夠有(you)效避(bi)免滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)破(po)壞(huai)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，進(jin)(jin)而使(shi)(shi)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)更(geng)長(chang)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)不(bu)僅決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)混凝土橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)腐蝕，更(geng)關(guan)系到路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)。第二，路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)因素。在(zai)(zai)為(wei)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)涂料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)攪拌(ban)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，如果涂料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)攪拌(ban)不(bu)均(jun)勻，也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥混凝土橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整理和清潔(jie)，則會導致路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)十分粗糙，進(jin)(jin)而對(dui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)粘合(he)力產(chan)生破(po)壞(huai)，并(bing)且破(po)壞(huai)了(le)(le)瀝青橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)鋪裝(zhuang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，最終對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)能產(chan)生了(le)(le)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。第三，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理因素。有(you)些施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)遵循設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)規范施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)細(xi)節以(yi)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，進(jin)(jin)而導致路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)低(di)下。特別是(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完成后的(de)(de)(de)養護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)以(yi)及(ji)管理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，對(dui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)短具有(you)直接影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)作(zuo)用。第四，路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)細(xi)節設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)因素。路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)保(bao)證防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)關(guan)卡(ka)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)結合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)際情況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。如果不(bu)能充分重(zhong)視排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，勢必會導致路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)暢的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，導致路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)長(chang)久被(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)侵蝕，最終破(po)壞(huai)了(le)(le)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)耐久性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，如果設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)對(dui)凍融天(tian)氣、季節氣溫、細(xi)節構(gou)造(zao)節點等影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)沒(mei)有(you)綜合(he)考慮，所實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)會影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)到防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。第五，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術人(ren)員(yuan)因素。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術人(ren)員(yuan)是(shi)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，也(ye)是(shi)對(dui)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)具有(you)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)。在(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，專(zhuan)業化、高能力的(de)(de)(de)技術人(ren)員(yuan)，能夠更(geng)好地保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。

二、路橋施工中防水層質量控(kong)制對(dui)策

（一(yi)）控制原材料質量

在路橋施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中(zhong)，必(bi)須要(yao)對(dui)瀝青材(cai)料實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)質量檢(jian)測(ce)活動，在選用材(cai)料的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，必(bi)須要(yao)明確(que)生產廠家(jia)的(de)(de)產品(pin)合(he)(he)格證。還要(yao)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，加(jia)強對(dui)于原材(cai)料檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)(de)次(ci)數，對(dui)于每(mei)一個(ge)環節(jie)都(dou)要(yao)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格檢(jian)測(ce)，進而(er)對(dui)各個(ge)環節(jie)整體質量進行(xing)控制。此(ci)外，還要(yao)對(dui)路橋施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)工(gong)序(xu)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格控制，一旦發現(xian)不符(fu)合(he)(he)標準的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料，必(bi)須要(yao)將施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料從施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場清理(li)。在選擇施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料的(de)(de)時候(hou)，必(bi)須要(yao)選擇優質的(de)(de)材(cai)料，不能出于節(jie)約成本的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)偷工(gong)減料。在路橋施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，要(yao)運(yun)用石灰巖作為集料，保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料不被腐(fu)蝕和不被風化(hua)。

（二）健(jian)全質量管理體(ti)系

在橋面防水層(ceng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)時候，要(yao)求施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員必須要(yao)充分(fen)重視質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。想要(yao)提升路橋施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業要(yao)堅持從(cong)企業內部(bu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)角度(du)(du)(du)出發，對于管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體系進(jin)(jin)行(xing)明確和(he)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)，進(jin)(jin)而使規章制度(du)(du)(du)得到(dao)全面的(de)落實和(he)貫徹(che)，使施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員均能夠積極投入到(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)之中，并且落實質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)第一，把好質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關。健全和(he)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制度(du)(du)(du)，將質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與路橋施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)有機結合，從(cong)本質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)提供保障。做好施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制，進(jin)(jin)而延長路橋工(gong)(gong)程的(de)使用(yong)壽命。

（三）嚴格控制施工工藝

在(zai)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，必(bi)須要對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)。為了保證橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量，要求集(ji)料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)瀝青(qing)(qing)必(bi)須要粘結(jie)牢固，在(zai)集(ji)料(liao)(liao)撒布(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，要運(yun)用集(ji)料(liao)(liao)、瀝青(qing)(qing)同步封(feng)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)機(ji)(ji)進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，在(zai)噴(pen)灑(sa)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后，運(yun)用膠(jiao)輪壓路(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)碾壓兩遍至三遍。運(yun)用集(ji)料(liao)(liao)來實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，運(yun)用集(ji)料(liao)(liao)撒布(bu)機(ji)(ji)按照設計(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)用量來進(jin)行(xing)集(ji)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)撒布(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，在(zai)噴(pen)涂完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)每一段防(fang)(fang)水(shui)涂料(liao)(liao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后，要注意(yi)集(ji)料(liao)(liao)自身的(de)(de)清潔(jie)度(du)。對橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清掃和(he)(he)檢(jian)查，當橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)熱(re)噴(pen)改性瀝青(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)氣溫(wen)小于10攝氏度(du)的(de)(de)時候，不應該(gai)噴(pen)灑(sa)改性瀝青(qing)(qing)。在(zai)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結(jie)束以(yi)(yi)(yi)后，還(huan)要按照順序，運(yun)用機(ji)(ji)械鋼絲(si)刷(shua)、森林滅火器以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)水(shui)進(jin)行(xing)沖洗和(he)(he)清掃，全(quan)面(mian)(mian)清掃出現污染的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)。在(zai)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后，在(zai)瀝青(qing)(qing)混凝(ning)土鋪裝(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)沒有施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前(qian)，要進(jin)行(xing)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)保護。在(zai)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)實(shi)干以(yi)(yi)(yi)后，不能夠(gou)在(zai)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)上打彎、急剎(cha)車(che)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)倒車(che)。

此外，還要保證橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)質量，在(zai)(zai)完成橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)處(chu)理(li)，并且其(qi)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)干(gan)燥以后(hou)，如果(guo)(guo)需要實施(shi)(shi)間隔施(shi)(shi)工，必(bi)(bi)須要對(dui)交通進(jin)行(xing)封閉，目的(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于防止污染路橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，防止對(dui)防水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)粘結效果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)影響。鋪裝橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)水(shui)泥混凝土層(ceng)(ceng)以及(ji)橋(qiao)頭搭板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)時(shi)候，必(bi)(bi)須要運用(yong)專用(yong)設備(bei)實施(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)工，在(zai)(zai)此過程之中，要求(qiu)監控(kong)(kong)人員(yuan)和(he)負責人員(yuan)必(bi)(bi)須要加強對(dui)于施(shi)(shi)工過程中的(de)(de)管理(li)和(he)監控(kong)(kong)。在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)灑(sa)瀝青之前，要有效防止對(dui)構造物產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)污染，并且對(dui)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)空(kong)鼓情況進(jin)行(xing)仔細、認真的(de)(de)檢查。如果(guo)(guo)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)存在(zai)(zai)空(kong)鼓，則必(bi)(bi)須要對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)及(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)鑿(zao)除(chu)，鑿(zao)除(chu)之后(hou)再(zai)實施(shi)(shi)填補。

（四）實(shi)施人員(yuan)優化(hua)配置

施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)重要(yao)對(dui)象，因此(ci)，必(bi)須要(yao)實現(xian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的(de)優化(hua)配置。委(wei)派專門的(de)人員對(dui)路橋(qiao)面(mian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前后(hou)及(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作進行(xing)(xing)監督、管理和(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi)。所(suo)委(wei)派的(de)監控(kong)人員必(bi)須要(yao)具(ju)備很高的(de)職業(ye)(ye)道德(de)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)業(ye)(ye)務素質，對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，各(ge)個環節質量標準和(he)(he)指標進行(xing)(xing)全(quan)面(mian)檢(jian)測和(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi)。此(ci)外，還要(yao)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術進行(xing)(xing)進一步(bu)的(de)改進，在進行(xing)(xing)橋(qiao)面(mian)雜質清理的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，必(bi)須要(yao)保證橋(qiao)面(mian)具(ju)有平整度，運用吹風機、高壓水(shui)泵等器材和(he)(he)設(she)備實施(shi)(shi)(shi)清理。在結束防水(shui)層施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作以(yi)后(hou)，要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)密(mi)封(feng)和(he)(he)封(feng)閉現(xian)場，從本質上減少其對(dui)于防水(shui)層的(de)不(bu)良(liang)影響以(yi)及(ji)(ji)污染。

結語

綜(zong)上，路(lu)橋施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的地(di)位和作用，因(yin)此，必須(xu)(xu)要(yao)高(gao)度重(zhong)(zhong)視路(lu)橋施工(gong)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，對防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行嚴(yan)格控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，有(you)效規(gui)避滲(shen)漏(lou)現象的出現。所以(yi)，必須(xu)(xu)要(yao)深入分析影響防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的因(yin)素，與(yu)此同(tong)時，還要(yao)結(jie)合(he)施工(gong)標準和施工(gong)要(yao)求，來(lai)明確加強防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的措施，防(fang)(fang)止出現防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題。從本質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上將(jiang)施工(gong)整體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行增強，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)交(jiao)通事(shi)業(ye)長(chang)遠發展，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)帶動地(di)方經濟高(gao)速發展。

參考文獻：

[1]馬俊杰.淺析路橋施(shi)工(gong)的技術及質量控制措施(shi)[J].科技創新導(dao)報，2015，11：66.

[2]任文亭.對道橋施(shi)工(gong)中防水(shui)路基面施(shi)工(gong)技術的研究[J].黑龍江科技信息(xi)，2015，03：159.

[3]李振.路橋施工技(ji)術及(ji)質量控制措施的分析和研(yan)究[J].科(ke)技(ji)創新與應用(yong)，2015，02：156.

[4]付超，楊紀偉.淺談市(shi)政(zheng)路橋工(gong)程中的板(ban)式橡(xiang)膠支(zhi)座施工(gong)質量控制(zhi)[J].四川水泥，2015，02：181.

篇5

關(guan)鍵詞(ci)：道橋施工；防水層；質(zhi)量控制(zhi)；分析探討

道(dao)路建(jian)設(she)(she)在我(wo)(wo)國的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)設(she)(she)中處于(yu)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)，提高(gao)(gao)道(dao)橋(qiao)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)質量(liang)，延長其使(shi)用壽命，是(shi)，增強(qiang)道(dao)路使(shi)用的(de)(de)安全性及可靠性，是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國交通建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)顯著(zhu)目標(biao)。同時由于(yu)，我(wo)(wo)國的(de)(de)區域性很(hen)強(qiang)，不同地(di)區的(de)(de)地(di)理環境(jing)(jing)和氣(qi)候環境(jing)(jing)也相差較(jiao)大，比如在北方冬季(ji)氣(qi)候比較(jiao)寒(han)冷，雪量(liang)較(jiao)大，春季(ji)雪融化后(hou)，路面積水(shui)迅速增加，道(dao)路容易(yi)出現翻漿(jiang)等問(wen)題(ti)，返修(xiu)率很(hen)高(gao)(gao)，而我(wo)(wo)國南部地(di)區夏季(ji)霉雨季(ji)節(jie)較(jiao)長，道(dao)路經(jing)(jing)過(guo)長時間的(de)(de)浸泡(pao)，質量(liang)下降使(shi)用壽命縮短，針(zhen)對(dui)以上(shang)的(de)(de)種種問(wen)題(ti)，都要(yao)(yao)求我(wo)(wo)們施工(gong)單位(wei)要(yao)(yao)控制路橋(qiao)防水(shui)層(ceng)質量(liang)，從而提高(gao)(gao)路橋(qiao)的(de)(de)整體質量(liang)。

1 影響路(lu)橋施工中防水層(ceng)質(zhi)量控制的(de)主要因素

目前路橋施工(gong)中(zhong)防水(shui)層質量(liang)控制工(gong)作(zuo)具(ju)有(you)較多影(ying)響因(yin)素，造成防水(shui)層出現滲漏等(deng)情況的主要是(shi)由(you)于施工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)對細節部分(fen)的控制存在失誤，如材料(liao)質量(liang)較差、施工(gong)技術落后、管理維護疏忽(hu)等(deng)，經(jing)過(guo)總結歸納(na)可(ke)得出以(yi)下幾點影(ying)響防水(shui)層質量(liang)的因(yin)素：

1.1 防水層(ceng)材料(liao)質量

防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)材料(liao)的(de)(de)質量(liang)好壞是(shi)保(bao)障防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)整(zheng)體(ti)施工質量(liang)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)因(yin)素之(zhi)一(yi)。對(dui)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)材料(liao)質量(liang)具(ju)體(ti)有以下要(yao)求：一(yi)是(shi)材料(liao)的(de)(de)柔性(xing)，具(ju)體(ti)是(shi)指路(lu)橋橋面施工完成后進行風(feng)干工作時，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)材料(liao)也必(bi)須(xu)要(yao)有與之(zhi)適應的(de)(de)低(di)溫柔性(xing)；二是(shi)抗(kang)剪切能力(li)強(qiang)度(du)足(zu)夠，具(ju)體(ti)是(shi)面臨路(lu)橋橋面的(de)(de)長(chang)期負載能夠完全承(cheng)受，抗(kang)壓性(xing)能較好；三是(shi)防(fang)(fang)滲漏水(shui)功能，這也是(shi)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)質量(liang)控(kong)制最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)影響因(yin)素之(zhi)一(yi)，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)漏水(shui)會(hui)給(gei)路(lu)橋帶來嚴重破壞，甚至腐蝕(shi)路(lu)橋鋼筋混凝土，縮短路(lu)橋整(zheng)體(ti)壽命。

1.2 路橋(qiao)整體質量

路(lu)橋施工開(kai)始(shi)前，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)對(dui)橋面(mian)(mian)涂料要求攪拌(ban)足夠均勻，密度(du)適中。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)還需要橋面(mian)(mian)相對(dui)較粗糙，并且足夠干凈(jing)整潔，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般通(tong)過多次沖(chong)刷的方(fang)(fang)法來保障橋面(mian)(mian)干凈(jing)。以(yi)上兩方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)會對(dui)路(lu)橋橋面(mian)(mian)和防水(shui)層之間的粘合度(du)造成直接影響，也(ye)會對(dui)路(lu)橋整體(ti)質量(liang)造成影響。

1.3 路橋施工的管理維護水平

要(yao)保(bao)證路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的管(guan)理維(wei)護水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)，一方面(mian)需要(yao)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)的操作步驟嚴格(ge)規范化，主(zhu)要(yao)是指(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)嚴格(ge)遵循路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)相關設計(ji)要(yao)求全(quan)面(mian)進行(xing)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層的管(guan)理維(wei)護，這也是直接影響路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層壽(shou)命(ming)和(he)質(zhi)量的主(zhu)要(yao)因素。另(ling)一方面(mian)需要(yao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)在防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層完全(quan)干透(tou)之前，嚴格(ge)做好保(bao)護措施(shi)(shi)，防止出現踐踏損壞等問題。

2 防水(shui)層質量控制方法

2.1 建立完(wan)善的(de)質量管理體系

由(you)于道(dao)(dao)橋施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)流程十分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜，各(ge)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序還有(you)各(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)執行工(gong)(gong)(gong)序，因此建(jian)(jian)立完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量管理體系是一切工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)得以(yi)正(zheng)常正(zheng)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)必要保障，是防水(shui)層質量得以(yi)保障的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎因素，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業應建(jian)(jian)立科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)規章制(zhi)度，明確責(ze)任(ren)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。建(jian)(jian)立管理體系的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，還要提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術水(shui)平及思想覺悟，使施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍能夠(gou)認真的(de)(de)(de)(de)執行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)規章制(zhi)度，做到以(yi)身(shen)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)責(ze)，落實好崗位職(zhi)責(ze)，完成自己工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，還要顧及整體工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)容，使道(dao)(dao)橋施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順利的(de)(de)(de)(de)進行，道(dao)(dao)路建(jian)(jian)造質量得以(yi)保證。

2.2 加強原材料的質量控制

防(fang)(fang)(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)建造原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)管理(li)在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質量(liang)控制中起著決(jue)定性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，它是一(yi)切后(hou)(hou)序工序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。采購(gou)(gou)部(bu)門(men)在(zai)(zai)進行原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)采購(gou)(gou)時，要(yao)選擇(ze)有(you)從業資格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、正規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、并能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)出具相(xiang)應合格(ge)報告的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品牌，同時還要(yao)注意所選材(cai)料(liao)是否符合施(shi)工環(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，做(zuo)到既達(da)標(biao)又不超標(biao)，實現最高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性價比。在(zai)(zai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)材(cai)料(liao)購(gou)(gou)進之后(hou)(hou)，要(yao)將(jiang)其儲存于干燥、通風(feng)，無日曬雨淋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中，同時，在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)前要(yao)對防(fang)(fang)(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)材(cai)料(liao)進行檢驗和檢查(cha)，確保原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)達(da)標(biao)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)材(cai)料(liao)必須(xu)滿足以下要(yao)求(qiu)：具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不透水性能(neng)(neng)；與混凝土橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)瀝青混凝土面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黏結力；面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)碾壓后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無破損性；對橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)準備狀況有(you)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性；能(neng)(neng)抵御橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)裂(lie)縫(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響；不低于面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設計壽(shou)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐久(jiu)性；施(shi)工工藝簡(jian)單、方便、快捷。

2.3 合理安(an)排施(shi)工(gong)，提高從業(ye)人員技術(shu)水平

在正式開始施工(gong)(gong)之前，應(ying)噴(pen)涂試(shi)驗段。通過試(shi)驗段確(que)定(ding)以下(xia)項目：確(que)定(ding)控制材(cai)料均勻性(xing)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法；確(que)定(ding)材(cai)料的(de)噴(pen)灑量；確(que)定(ding)標準的(de)施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法；確(que)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)間檢查驗收的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法；確(que)定(ding)每一作(zuo)業段的(de)合(he)適(shi)長度(du)。試(shi)驗段經檢查合(he)格后，應(ying)對(dui)試(shi)驗段的(de)情(qing)況進行全(quan)面的(de)總(zong)結，確(que)定(ding)合(he)適(shi)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝及質量控制措(cuo)施，然(ran)后方(fang)(fang)(fang)可(ke)進行正式施工(gong)(gong)。

以上操作(zuo)都(dou)需要(yao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業的技(ji)術人員(yuan)來進行(xing)，因此要(yao)引進專(zhuan)(zhuan)業技(ji)術熟練的操作(zuo)人員(yuan)，并對現有人員(yuan)進行(xing)技(ji)術培訓和教(jiao)育，如可以通過專(zhuan)(zhuan)業知(zhi)識學習及(ji)傳幫帶的方法，對新員(yuan)工的技(ji)術進行(xing)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，使老施(shi)工人員(yuan)水(shui)平更高(gao)(gao)，從而使施(shi)工技(ji)術得(de)到完善、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)和創新，并提(ti)高(gao)(gao)生產(chan)效率和質量。

2.4 加(jia)強施工工藝的控制

2.4.1 橋(qiao)面處理(li)：防(fang)水層施(shi)工前要用專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)面清理(li)機(ji)械處理(li)橋(qiao)面，清除橋(qiao)面的(de)(de)土(tu)石等雜(za)物。處理(li)完畢(bi)后要用高壓吹風機(ji)和水泵(beng)將橋(qiao)面處理(li)干凈。

2.4.2 橋面(mian)(mian)防水層施工結束(shu)后(hou)，在條件允許的(de)情況下應立即進行(xing)封閉管理，杜絕(jue)后(hou)期污染，對(dui)出現污染的(de)橋面(mian)(mian)應對(dui)橋面(mian)(mian)進行(xing)全面(mian)(mian)清掃，可用機械鋼絲刷(shua)，森林(lin)滅火器(qi)，水按(an)序清掃沖洗。

2.4.3 橋(qiao)面(mian)板清理(li)必須(xu)采(cai)用(yong)專用(yong)設(she)備(bei)，具體控制如下：用(yong)機械鋼絲刷將橋(qiao)面(mian)上遺留的水(shui)泥混凝(ning)土浮(fu)漿、砂漿殘留物、浮(fu)塵清除(chu)干凈，出現難(nan)以清除(chu)的部(bu)分、鋼筋外露的情況應配合人工措施(shi)鑿除(chu)，如有(you)油漬要(yao)用(yong)洗(xi)(xi)沽劑清洗(xi)(xi)，然(ran)后用(yong)清掃專用(yong)設(she)備(bei)、森林(lin)滅火(huo)器等將雜物掃掉，灰塵吹凈，并用(yong)高壓水(shui)槍對橋(qiao)面(mian)進(jin)行沖洗(xi)(xi)。

結束語

從(cong)上文所(suo)述中可以得(de)(de)出，道(dao)(dao)橋(qiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層的質量控制是極其(qi)重要(yao)的，要(yao)想將道(dao)(dao)路(lu)的防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層施工(gong)工(gong)作作好(hao)(hao)，道(dao)(dao)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)作者就要(yao)關注(zhu)每一(yi)個施工(gong)環節，做到(dao)對(dui)每一(yi)工(gong)序都有(you)效掌握，選取優質的防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層材(cai)料，操作人(ren)員嚴格按照設(she)計(ji)標準執行操作，不違(wei)規操作，同(tong)(tong)時做好(hao)(hao)前期(qi)準備及(ji)其(qi)它工(gong)序的監督工(gong)作，使得(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層施工(gong)得(de)(de)以很(hen)好(hao)(hao)的開展。同(tong)(tong)時，施工(gong)單位在(zai)道(dao)(dao)橋(qiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)中要(yao)嚴把防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層的質量關，從(cong)而(er)使所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)可以達到(dao)預期(qi)的使用壽命，避免資金的浪費(fei)。相(xiang)信，在(zai)道(dao)(dao)橋(qiao)施工(gong)者和科研(yan)設(she)計(ji)人(ren)員的共(gong)同(tong)(tong)努力下，我國的道(dao)(dao)橋(qiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)會(hui)穩步的提高，能夠更(geng)好(hao)(hao)的為人(ren)們的生產、生活和經濟建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)服務。

參考文獻

篇6

關鍵詞:公路橋梁;隧道工程(cheng);防(fang)水設施

1概述

在(zai)(zai)公路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)是(shi)一(yi)項非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)內容，必須要(yao)時(shi)刻引起施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)各(ge)方(fang)的(de)(de)重點(dian)關注。對(dui)于公路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁與(yu)隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)而言(yan)，有(you)(you)效預防(fang)(fang)滲水(shui)(shui)與(yu)漏水(shui)(shui)現(xian)象，不(bu)但(dan)是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)相關部(bu)門的(de)(de)制度(du)要(yao)求，更是(shi)確保公路(lu)(lu)通車(che)后安全穩定的(de)(de)重要(yao)保障。但(dan)是(shi)，現(xian)階(jie)段我(wo)國(guo)在(zai)(zai)公路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁與(yu)隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)存在(zai)(zai)一(yi)些(xie)問題，主要(yao)的(de)(de)原因就是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中，部(bu)分單位(wei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)對(dui)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)足(zu)夠(gou)重視，一(yi)些(xie)單位(wei)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員能(neng)力素質偏低，技(ji)術水(shui)(shui)平(ping)不(bu)足(zu)，影響(xiang)了公路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁與(yu)隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)用效果。本文針對(dui)我(wo)國(guo)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)有(you)(you)問題，首先介紹了現(xian)階(jie)段我(wo)國(guo)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)技(ji)術要(yao)求與(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)狀，然后分析了公路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁隧(sui)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)用的(de)(de)不(bu)足(zu)，最后重點(dian)闡述了公路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁隧(sui)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)用。

2我國(guo)橋梁隧道工程施工防(fang)水的技術要求(qiu)與(yu)施工現(xian)狀(zhuang)

目前(qian)，我國(guo)的(de)(de)相關政策法規(gui)中對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)與(yu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)都有(you)明確的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。例如我國(guo)現行(xing)的(de)(de)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)標(biao)準有(you)《鐵路(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》和(he)《公(gong)路(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》。這(zhe)些技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)中都明確規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)在(zai)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)與(yu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，必須(xu)要(yao)滿足相應的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)標(biao)準。除了(le)上(shang)述規(gui)范(fan)以外，對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)和(he)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)最(zui)為全面也(ye)最(zui)易(yi)于施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)把握就是(shi)(shi)《地下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》了(le)。在(zai)該(gai)《技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》中，將橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)和(he)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分為4級，并且對(dui)每(mei)個級別都詳細規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)使用(yong)范(fan)圍。基于該(gai)《技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》，我國(guo)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)必須(xu)要(yao)做(zuo)到以下幾點(dian)要(yao)求(qiu):即邊墻不(bu)(bu)漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝不(bu)(bu)凍(dong)結(jie)、拱部不(bu)(bu)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、凍(dong)害地區襯(chen)砌背后不(bu)(bu)存在(zai)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、路(lu)面不(bu)(bu)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。這(zhe)就要(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)在(zai)進行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前(qian)，必須(xu)要(yao)熟練掌(zhang)握相應的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)與(yu)要(yao)求(qiu)，提(ti)高橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)與(yu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應用(yong)質量(liang)(liang)。對(dui)于橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)和(he)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)而言，防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)非(fei)常重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)象。為了(le)做(zuo)好公(gong)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)和(he)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，首(shou)先施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)團隊(dui)要(yao)合理選擇施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卷材，設(she)計(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，與(yu)此同時還要(yao)考慮到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以后防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)具體應用(yong)，與(yu)后續(xu)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理與(yu)整體防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統協調與(yu)維護。但是(shi)(shi)，目前(qian)我國(guo)部分公(gong)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)項目實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)都不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)很理想(xiang)，需要(yao)進一步(bu)從各方(fang)面加強防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)建設(she)與(yu)管理，切(qie)實提(ti)高公(gong)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)。

3公路橋梁隧道(dao)工(gong)程施工(gong)防水設施應用的不足(zu)

目前(qian)，我國公路(lu)橋梁和隧(sui)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方都已經認識到防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)作用，并且(qie)(qie)已經制(zhi)定了相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，確保(bao)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。但是，調查表(biao)明，部分施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)(zhi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)不足，相關制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)體系化程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)不高，存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)部分漏洞，導(dao)致(zhi)整(zheng)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁與(yu)隧(sui)道防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)仍然(ran)不能滿足實際要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。這(zhe)(zhe)主要(yao)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料選(xuan)擇不夠(gou)科學合理，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝不達(da)標(biao)，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理與(yu)專項(xiang)驗收不到位(wei)等問題。必須(xu)要(yao)采(cai)取積極有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，解(jie)決這(zhe)(zhe)種施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。筆者(zhe)經過(guo)(guo)(guo)調查與(yu)訪(fang)談了解(jie)到，目前(qian)我國公路(lu)橋梁隧(sui)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)用過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)以下(xia)問題:1)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式陳舊(jiu)(jiu)，在(zai)(zai)橋梁隧(sui)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題主要(yao)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)為上導(dao)坑開(kai)挖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)快且(qie)(qie)上導(dao)坑與(yu)下(xia)導(dao)坑之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離較大，如(ru)果此時不能及時進行封閉操作，就會在(zai)(zai)軟(ruan)土(tu)地基中(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)下(xia)沉問題。一(yi)旦底部下(xia)沉過(guo)(guo)(guo)大，就會導(dao)致(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)縫產生裂紋，從(cong)而(er)拉扯(che)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶，產生滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，影(ying)響(xiang)橋梁隧(sui)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。2)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準不高，在(zai)(zai)填(tian)塞馬口(kou)(kou)時，存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)舊(jiu)(jiu)有混凝(ning)土(tu)表(biao)面未做(zuo)鑿毛(mao)處理，這(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)得縱向施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)縫在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)留置(zhi)于(yu)拱圈之(zhi)間，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)得新舊(jiu)(jiu)混凝(ning)土(tu)之(zhi)間不能實現(xian)(xian)(xian)牢固粘連，這(zhe)(zhe)將會嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。此外，在(zai)(zai)裝填(tian)混凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，由于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)素質(zhi)(zhi)不高，導(dao)致(zhi)止水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)變形問題，并且(qie)(qie)馬口(kou)(kou)填(tian)塞混凝(ning)土(tu)為高強度(du)(du)(du)等級抗滲(shen)混凝(ning)土(tu)，收縮不符合要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，這(zhe)(zhe)也會導(dao)致(zhi)滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。

4公路(lu)橋(qiao)梁隧道工程(cheng)施(shi)工防水設施(shi)應(ying)用

目前，為了切(qie)(qie)實(shi)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，國家相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關部門(men)聯合(he)(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業共同提出(chu)了防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)、堵、截(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)”原(yuan)則。針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此原(yuan)則，筆(bi)者結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)自身工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)實(shi)踐，認為應(ying)該從以下(xia)(xia)(xia)幾個方(fang)面提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)我國橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang):1)新(xin)型(xing)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)構自防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)自防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)結(jie)(jie)構。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)想充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)發揮該結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非常關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)點就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)密度，減(jian)少橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)和隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)與(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)。這是(shi)(shi)因為，一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)都十分(fen)(fen)(fen)容易(yi)產(chan)生裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，這就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)專門(men)研究(jiu)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)發生概(gai)率低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)。例(li)如國外普遍采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)性(xing)(xing)收縮混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)傳統混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，該型(xing)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)加入了很多新(xin)型(xing)添(tian)加劑，可以有效(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)開裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)率，減(jian)少橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)(yu)(yu)漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)問題。此外，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計人(ren)員還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基于(yu)(yu)具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環(huan)境，設(she)(she)(she)(she)計相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)配比(bi)方(fang)案(an)，保證(zheng)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)環(huan)境相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)符，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。2)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。目前，我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)以下(xia)(xia)(xia)幾點要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):一(yi)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)仔細測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)有關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)斷(duan)面，并(bing)且(qie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)未開挖(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)噴(pen)射;二(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)切(qie)(qie)斷(duan)、切(qie)(qie)除(chu)錨(mao)桿(gan)頭、鋼筋(jin)外露部分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)有效(xiao)(xiao)地水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿(jiang)抹(mo)平(ping)(ping)表面，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效(xiao)(xiao)果;三(san)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，尤(you)其(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)檢查排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)及(ji)盲溝(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)否緊密;四是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)溫寒冷(leng)地區施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特別(bie)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保溫性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。3)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)期支護處理。在(zai)(zai)(zai)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，往往在(zai)(zai)(zai)初(chu)(chu)期支護完(wan)成(cheng)之(zhi)后，出(chu)現灰(hui)漿(jiang)浮渣。此時(shi)(shi)如果沒(mei)有進(jin)行(xing)有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理，而是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)板，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)導致防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密實(shi)度過(guo)(guo)低(di)，影(ying)響(xiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。因此必(bi)(bi)(bi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)完(wan)成(cheng)初(chu)(chu)期支護之(zhi)后，仔細找平(ping)(ping)厚水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥砂漿(jiang)，清除(chu)表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灰(hui)漿(jiang)浮渣，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止其(qi)(qi)破壞(huai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)板。并(bing)且(qie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)彎處初(chu)(chu)期支護，還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特別(bie)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)陰(yin)陽角的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理，必(bi)(bi)(bi)需(xu)將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)處理為圓弧(hu)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術標(biao)(biao)(biao)準為陽角的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半徑要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)于(yu)(yu)5cm，陰(yin)角的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半徑要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)于(yu)(yu)15cm。只有這樣，才能(neng)保證(zheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)面，保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。4)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)了公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。因此，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采購人(ren)員，必(bi)(bi)(bi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)具備相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業務知識，在(zai)(zai)(zai)采購卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特別(bie)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)仔細檢查卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)否合(he)(he)(he)(he)乎(hu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)厚度一(yi)致，即使(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)鋪(pu)狀態也不會(hui)出(chu)現特別(bie)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皺(zhou)褶(zhe)和隆(long)起。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特別(bie)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。通(tong)常首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)頂(ding)部位劃(hua)出(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心線(xian)段，然(ran)后再搭(da)設(she)(she)(she)(she)板臺架(jia)，最(zui)后再高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)，鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)由拱(gong)頂(ding)向兩側，同時(shi)(shi)保持卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)平(ping)(ping)整，力求(qiu)(qiu)無皺(zhou)褶(zhe)和隆(long)起，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牢(lao)固性(xing)(xing)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。5)注(zhu)重(zhong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)養護。在(zai)(zai)(zai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)完(wan)畢(bi)后，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養護工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，避免在(zai)(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)(er)次襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼筋(jin)時(shi)(shi)使(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)遭到人(ren)為破壞(huai)。并(bing)且(qie)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加強對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)與(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)理，一(yi)旦發現防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)現破損(sun)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)向有關部門(men)反映，在(zai)(zai)(zai)做出(chu)科學合(he)(he)(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)斷(duan)后，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)進(jin)行(xing)修補(bu)(bu)。同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)二(er)(er)(er)次襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)澆筑混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特別(bie)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)疏松的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)架(jia)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸，減(jian)少對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)。通(tong)常可以在(zai)(zai)(zai)砂漿(jiang)保護層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)一(yi)些砂袋，避免防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)(er)次襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被破壞(huai)。6)暢通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)道(dao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)置主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止地下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)聚集到襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周圍(wei)及(ji)基底部分(fen)(fen)(fen)，影(ying)響(xiang)整個橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)和隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)安(an)全。因此，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，而不是(shi)(shi)堵水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)從圍(wei)巖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)隙流(liu)入盲溝(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，然(ran)后從設(she)(she)(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)出(chu)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)和隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)之(zhi)外。這就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)襯(chen)砌(qi)(qi)結(jie)(jie)構與(yu)(yu)(yu)圍(wei)巖之(zhi)間設(she)(she)(she)(she)計過(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)道(dao)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)阻塞，形(xing)成(cheng)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，影(ying)響(xiang)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)安(an)全。

5結語

隨(sui)著我(wo)國經濟建設(she)(she)和(he)城市(shi)化、工業化進(jin)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷加(jia)快，公路(lu)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)與隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)也(ye)在不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和(he)完(wan)善中，同時橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量也(ye)在不(bu)斷增(zeng)加(jia)，我(wo)國已經成為名副其實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)大國。但是(shi)，近幾年我(wo)國接連(lian)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)公路(lu)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全事故(gu)，嚴重影(ying)響(xiang)了人民(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命和(he)財產安全。在這些事故(gu)中，防(fang)水(shui)設(she)(she)施質量不(bu)高，是(shi)影(ying)響(xiang)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)質量安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要因素之一。因此在橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)施工過程中，要特別注意防(fang)水(shui)設(she)(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，相關單位和(he)施工人員要切實(shi)提高責任心，解決防(fang)水(shui)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難題，提高公路(lu)橋梁(liang)(liang)(liang)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性。

參考文獻:

［1］邵帥．公路橋梁隧道工程施工中防水設施的應用［J］．住宅與(yu)房地產，2017(26):116．

［2］楊志(zhi)華(hua)．公路橋梁工程自動化防水設(she)計及材料的(de)應用［J］．自動化與儀(yi)器儀(yi)表(biao)，2017(8):209-210，213．

［3］張(zhang)振(zhen)磊．公路橋梁(liang)隧(sui)道工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)防水設施(shi)應用分析［J］．交通世(shi)界，2017(7):98-99．

［4］潘裕種，李瑞(rui)玲．防水技術在公路橋梁(liang)中的應用探(tan)討［J］．工(gong)程建設(she)與設(she)計，2016(17):85-86，89．

篇7

關鍵詞：路橋工程；防(fang)水層施(shi)工；技術(shu)要(yao)點；橋梁防(fang)水材料；水泥砂(sha)漿找平層 文獻標(biao)識碼：A

中圖分(fen)類號：U448 文章(zhang)編(bian)號：1009-2374（2016）12-0096-02 DOI：10.13535/ki.11-4406/n.2016.12.045

在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)，地(di)(di)區環境差異較大，尤其是(shi)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)東部(bu)季風(feng)區，降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)頻(pin)繁(fan)，由雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)侵(qin)襲帶來(lai)的(de)道(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)損毀已(yi)經屢見不鮮。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)提(ti)高道(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質量，有效(xiao)地(di)(di)避免雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)滲透(tou)和(he)侵(qin)襲對道(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)破壞，加強道(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設中防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)已(yi)經成為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設的(de)普遍(bian)要(yao)求(qiu)。在(zai)目前的(de)道(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，防(fang)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作是(shi)一項(xiang)重要(yao)的(de)內(nei)容(rong)，但是(shi)由于對防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層的(de)認識不到位(wei)和(he)技術上的(de)缺陷，使得道(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作并沒有產生明顯(xian)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。在(zai)這樣的(de)背景(jing)下，加強道(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)技術處(chu)理，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)提(ti)高道(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)功(gong)能的(de)關鍵。

1 橋(qiao)梁防(fang)水材料的噴涂施(shi)工與質量控制

道橋(qiao)工程的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層施(shi)(shi)(shi)工，首要的(de)就是(shi)進(jin)行橋(qiao)梁防(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)料的(de)噴涂(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工和質量控制(zhi)。橋(qiao)梁防(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)料的(de)噴涂(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工對于道橋(qiao)工程的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)意義重(zhong)大，無論(lun)是(shi)噴涂(tu)材(cai)料的(de)選(xuan)擇，還是(shi)噴涂(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工步驟，都會影響到防(fang)(fang)水(shui)效果。而質量控制(zhi)的(de)根(gen)本(ben)目的(de)就是(shi)要保證整個防(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)料噴涂(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的(de)效率性和有(you)效性。

1.1 橋梁防水材料的噴涂施工

為了提高道橋工程(cheng)的(de)防(fang)水工程(cheng)，對其進行防(fang)水材料的(de)噴涂是(shi)非常關鍵的(de)環節。這個(ge)環節的(de)施(shi)工主要分為三個(ge)步驟：

首(shou)先是(shi)對噴(pen)涂面進(jin)行(xing)清(qing)理(li)(li)。噴(pen)涂面的(de)(de)清(qing)潔程度關系著(zhu)防(fang)水材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)附(fu)著(zhu)性和穩(wen)定性，所(suo)以在清(qing)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)時候一定要仔細，尤其是(shi)對縫隙(xi)和裂紋的(de)(de)清(qing)理(li)(li)。在清(qing)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)中著(zhu)重強調的(de)(de)一點是(shi)油污(wu)的(de)(de)清(qing)理(li)(li)，因為防(fang)水材(cai)料(liao)具(ju)有不耐油性。而(er)油污(wu)清(qing)理(li)(li)不干凈(jing)，導致(zhi)的(de)(de)后果就(jiu)是(shi)噴(pen)涂的(de)(de)防(fang)水材(cai)料(liao)無法產生附(fu)著(zhu)，不具(ju)備附(fu)著(zhu)性的(de)(de)防(fang)水材(cai)料(liao)很容易會(hui)(hui)在外力的(de)(de)作(zuo)用下產生脫落，而(er)這種脫落會(hui)(hui)給(gei)防(fang)水層帶來(lai)漏洞，從(cong)施(shi)工的(de)(de)整體性而(er)言(yan)，此現(xian)象會(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)防(fang)水工程的(de)(de)效用大幅(fu)度降低。

其次就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)(sa)HUG-13防(fang)(fang)水劑(ji)(ji)。防(fang)(fang)水劑(ji)(ji)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)(sa)是(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)水材(cai)料噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)涂施工的(de)重(zhong)要環節，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)(sa)防(fang)(fang)水劑(ji)(ji)的(de)主(zhu)要目的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)提高道橋(qiao)面的(de)嚴(yan)密性，使其滲水性能(neng)達到(dao)(dao)最小，為了實現密性的(de)路面處理(li)，防(fang)(fang)水劑(ji)(ji)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)(sa)一般要進行兩遍(bian)，主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)要將防(fang)(fang)水劑(ji)(ji)做到(dao)(dao)全面積的(de)覆蓋。第一遍(bian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)(sa)進行完事(shi)后需要暫停15～20分鐘，待防(fang)(fang)水劑(ji)(ji)晾(liang)干后再進行第二遍(bian)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)(sa)，這樣會更大程度地提升(sheng)防(fang)(fang)水劑(ji)(ji)的(de)效(xiao)果。

最(zui)后是防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)。防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)灑面(mian)上進(jin)行，目的(de)(de)就是通(tong)過(guo)(guo)雙層防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理提高道橋(qiao)面(mian)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)注意兩個(ge)問題：（1）噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)要(yao)(yao)均勻，避免出(chu)現區域面(mian)積內薄厚(hou)不均的(de)(de)現象，為了實(shi)現防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)均勻性(xing)，一(yi)般使用的(de)(de)方法是利用高壓(ya)噴(pen)(pen)霧的(de)(de)方式進(jin)行慢(man)行均勻噴(pen)(pen)灑，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)控制噴(pen)(pen)灑面(mian)的(de)(de)寬度和速度，使得(de)噴(pen)(pen)灑效果達(da)到最(zui)佳(jia)；（2）防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行三遍(bian)，第(di)(di)一(yi)遍(bian)是范圍噴(pen)(pen)灑，保(bao)證整個(ge)施工范圍都被防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)覆蓋，第(di)(di)二遍(bian)是細節性(xing)噴(pen)(pen)灑，在(zai)(zai)(zai)照(zhao)顧全面(mian)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上需要(yao)(yao)細節性(xing)的(de)(de)照(zhao)顧，第(di)(di)三遍(bian)就是重(zhong)點照(zhao)顧，對于噴(pen)(pen)灑過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)出(chu)現的(de)(de)遺漏要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行重(zhong)點的(de)(de)

補救。

1.2 橋梁防水材料的(de)質(zhi)量控制

防水(shui)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的好(hao)壞(huai)與防水(shui)材料(liao)(liao)的質量有著(zhu)顯著(zhu)的關系，所(suo)以為了(le)提高道橋面的防水(shui)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，要(yao)嚴格控制防水(shui)材料(liao)(liao)的質量。控制措施主要(yao)體現在三個(ge)方(fang)面：

首先是防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料的(de)(de)選擇(ze)。在(zai)選擇(ze)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料的(de)(de)時候(hou)，要(yao)嚴格(ge)按(an)照國家規定(ding)的(de)(de)質量標準進(jin)行甄選，其成分(fen)配比、防水(shui)(shui)(shui)效用、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠家等因(yin)素(su)都是選擇(ze)材(cai)料時必須重視(shi)的(de)(de)參(can)考條(tiao)件。另外(wai)，防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料的(de)(de)性能會隨著時間的(de)(de)延(yan)長出(chu)現效果(guo)下降的(de)(de)情況，所以在(zai)材(cai)料選擇(ze)的(de)(de)時候(hou)，要(yao)重點(dian)進(jin)行生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)日期的(de)(de)對比。

其(qi)(qi)次就(jiu)是對防水(shui)材料的防水(shui)測試。材料選擇后不能(neng)(neng)立即進(jin)行投(tou)入使(shi)(shi)用，而是必須要做小范圍的實驗(yan)，驗(yan)證其(qi)(qi)防水(shui)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，只(zhi)有在達標(biao)的狀況下才能(neng)(neng)大(da)量的投(tou)入到使(shi)(shi)用當中。

最后是要做好防(fang)水(shui)施工中材料(liao)的技術處理(li)。材料(liao)的性能與運用(yong)方(fang)法也(ye)有著顯著的關系，要想發(fa)揮(hui)材料(liao)的最大功(gong)用(yong)，就(jiu)必須使(shi)用(yong)最適(shi)合的方(fang)法，否則就(jiu)會造成材料(liao)效(xiao)用(yong)的發(fa)揮(hui)，這對于防(fang)水(shui)材料(liao)的質量(liang)而言，是一種巨大的浪費。

2 橋梁(liang)水泥砂(sha)漿找平(ping)層(ceng)的施工與質量控制

路橋工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層施工(gong)(gong)不(bu)僅與(yu)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)噴涂(tu)施工(gong)(gong)有重大關系(xi)，與(yu)水(shui)(shui)泥砂漿找(zhao)平層的(de)(de)關系(xi)也非(fei)常密切。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實踐中，防(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)噴涂(tu)施工(gong)(gong)是在(zai)找(zhao)平層砂漿的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上進行的(de)(de)，所以要(yao)保證防(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)噴涂(tu)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)質量，就(jiu)要(yao)保證找(zhao)平層砂漿的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)質量。

2.1 橋(qiao)梁水泥砂漿找平層的施工(gong)

橋梁水(shui)泥砂(sha)漿找平層(ceng)的(de)施工(gong)也是(shi)道橋防水(shui)施工(gong)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)環節，要(yao)做好砂(sha)漿找平層(ceng)施工(gong)，主要(yao)從(cong)兩方面著手：

一(yi)(yi)(yi)是在(zai)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節，要(yao)(yao)將找平層施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)、工(gong)具以(yi)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件(jian)都準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)好，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)上，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)是量(liang)要(yao)(yao)足，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)是材(cai)料(liao)的(de)質量(liang)要(yao)(yao)高(gao)，所(suo)(suo)用(yong)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)符(fu)(fu)合施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。在(zai)工(gong)程實踐(jian)中，材(cai)料(liao)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)的(de)不(bu)充分(fen)會(hui)(hui)嚴重影響(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)周期(qi)，而且有時(shi)由于材(cai)料(liao)的(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)不(bu)足，會(hui)(hui)喪失最佳施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)期(qi)。除此之外，材(cai)料(liao)質量(liang)決定著(zhu)工(gong)程質量(liang)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)本著(zhu)質量(liang)化施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)原(yuan)則，在(zai)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)質量(liang)上一(yi)(yi)(yi)定要(yao)(yao)狠下功夫。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件(jian)主要(yao)(yao)指的(de)是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境，在(zai)工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境的(de)雜(za)亂和(he)不(bu)規律一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)到施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)前(qian)，必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境進(jin)行清(qing)理，將雜(za)物(wu)和(he)不(bu)用(yong)物(wu)品(pin)以(yi)及(ji)涉及(ji)安(an)全(quan)隱患的(de)物(wu)品(pin)必須(xu)全(quan)部清(qing)除，保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境符(fu)(fu)合安(an)全(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。

二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工環節。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工環節要(yao)(yao)清(qing)(qing)楚施(shi)工工藝和(he)(he)施(shi)工步(bu)驟。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工中(zhong)，首要(yao)(yao)工作是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)做(zuo)好基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)清(qing)(qing)理(li)。基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)清(qing)(qing)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將結構層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、保溫層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)等層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)上不利于(yu)找(zhao)(zhao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)厚(hou)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部位進(jin)行清(qing)(qing)理(li)，使得找(zhao)(zhao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)工更加(jia)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)。接(jie)下(xia)來要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)根封堵工作。管(guan)根封堵工作主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)防(fang)止在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)泥砂漿等材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滴漏。接(jie)著就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行標高(gao)坡(po)(po)度(du)(du)彈(dan)線和(he)(he)灑水(shui)(shui)處理(li)，彈(dan)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坡(po)(po)度(du)(du)標高(gao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)均勻找(zhao)(zhao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)，而灑水(shui)(shui)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)更有(you)利于(yu)施(shi)工。在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，最后(hou)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)找(zhao)(zhao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工。找(zhao)(zhao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)工需要(yao)(yao)將水(shui)(shui)泥砂漿進(jin)行鋪灌，然(ran)后(hou)根據(ju)標高(gao)坡(po)(po)度(du)(du)彈(dan)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統一厚(hou)度(du)(du)進(jin)行均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刮平(ping)(ping)(ping)和(he)(he)壓光處理(li)，確定(ding)找(zhao)(zhao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)厚(hou)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)密度(du)(du)。

2.2 橋梁水泥砂漿找平層的質量控制

對于找平(ping)層的質量控制(zhi)，要從三個方面來講：

首先是找平層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計。在工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)中(zhong)，設(she)(she)計是保證質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)前提條(tiao)件，只有設(she)(she)計合理才(cai)能(neng)在施工(gong)中(zhong)對質量(liang)有所保證，所以(yi)在找平層(ceng)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，一(yi)定要(yao)符(fu)合工(gong)程(cheng)標準(zhun)，而(er)且要(yao)符(fu)合具(ju)體案例(li)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)條(tiao)件。在具(ju)體設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，一(yi)方面(mian)要(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)整體設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)，另一(yi)方面(mian)要(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)找平層(ceng)細節的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)要(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)設(she)(she)計，就要(yao)多參考工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)例(li)，尋(xun)找實(shi)例(li)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)優勢和(he)缺陷(xian)，使(shi)具(ju)體設(she)(she)計做(zuo)到(dao)取長

補短。

其(qi)次就是找平(ping)層施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。找平(ping)層施(shi)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)想有質量保證(zheng)，必須確保水泥砂漿配比(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)性和合理性，在(zai)(zai)水泥砂漿配比(bi)(bi)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)前提下進(jin)行的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)滿(man)(man)足兩個要(yao)求：（1）施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)流程(cheng)(cheng)化，也就是說在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中要(yao)按(an)照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)順序一環套(tao)一環地嚴格執行流程(cheng)(cheng)標(biao)準，確保施(shi)工(gong)(gong)環節的(de)(de)完整性；（2）要(yao)滿(man)(man)足施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)和過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)標(biao)準化和規范(fan)化。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中，要(yao)按(an)照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設計進(jin)行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，采用標(biao)準的(de)(de)手法(fa)和統一的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)，確保規范(fan)化施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

最(zui)后要做的就(jiu)是對(dui)其進行養(yang)護(hu)。養(yang)護(hu)工(gong)作分為兩方面，一(yi)(yi)方面是防止在找(zhao)平層為凝(ning)固(gu)之前被外力所侵擾，另一(yi)(yi)方面是對(dui)找(zhao)平層的施工(gong)缺陷進行補救(jiu)。

3 相關建議

為了保(bao)證道橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防水(shui)層施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)質量(liang)性(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中主要有(you)兩方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議(yi)：（1）要完善(shan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)對(dui)(dui)于避免施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)節性(xing)(xing)問題具(ju)(ju)有(you)突(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義，所以在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，在(zai)(zai)結合以往施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)細(xi)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體考究(jiu)，從而(er)明確規定出施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍，確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)節。而(er)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)非常(chang)有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證，確定統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準有(you)利(li)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統一和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗收標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統一，這對(dui)(dui)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范化(hua)具(ju)(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用；（2）要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)化(hua)建(jian)設和(he)(he)科學化(hua)指(zhi)導(dao)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)性(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)于施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)言具(ju)(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，所以要從施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論(lun)基礎上(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)技(ji)能方法(fa)上(shang)(shang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訓練(lian)，使施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)理論(lun)結合實際方面(mian)(mian)取得(de)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。另外就是(shi)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要做好技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督和(he)(he)指(zhi)導(dao)，保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)技(ji)術(shu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)步和(he)(he)完善(shan)，使得(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度得(de)到顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升。

4 結語

我國目前的(de)經濟(ji)發(fa)展需要道路工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)提供(gong)強(qiang)有力(li)的(de)支(zhi)持(chi)，道路工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)安全對于經濟(ji)發(fa)展而言意義(yi)重(zhong)大(da)。但是(shi)防(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)不到(dao)位常常會造成道橋工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)毀損(sun)，所以加強(qiang)道橋工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)層施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，從防(fang)水(shui)材料(liao)和找平層兩(liang)方面入手，使得防(fang)水(shui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)在技術上還是(shi)質量上都取(qu)得進步，對于道路安全和社會經濟(ji)的(de)影響都十分巨大(da)。

參考文獻

 [1] 徐淑卿.淺談路橋工程防水層施工技術要(yao)點[J].科技創新導報，2012，（36）.

[2] 崔寧.淺談路橋(qiao)工程的(de)防(fang)水(shui)層施工技術(shu)要(yao)點(dian)[J].科(ke)技創新導報，2013，（28）.

[3] 杜廣彥.路橋防水層施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術要點探討(tao)[J].黑龍江交通科技(ji)，2014，（2）.

[4] 王永明(ming).路橋防水層施工技術要點(dian)探討[J].黑(hei)龍江科(ke)技信(xin)息(xi)，2013，（16）.

[5] 馬文麗.路橋施(shi)工中防水層(ceng)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)分析(xi)[J].黑龍江科(ke)技信息，2015，（22）.

[6] 王艷(yan)玉.淺談防水技術(shu)在路橋工程中(zhong)的應用[J].城市建設(she)與(yu)商(shang)業網(wang)點，2009，（29）.

篇8

關(guan)鍵詞：路橋(qiao)施工 防水層 質量控制

隨著我國經濟和社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)跨步前進，我國交通行業施工時要分段控制，逐項落實，做(zuo)好隱蔽工程(cheng)發(fa)展迅猛，高速公路和橋(qiao)梁的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設日益增多，投(tou)資(zi)巨大(da)(da)；然而有的(de)(de)(de)(de)路橋(qiao)工程(cheng)往往通車幾年(nian)就出現早期(qi)損(sun)壞(huai)，路橋(qiao)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全性和耐(nai)久性受到(dao)(dao)挑(tiao)戰，其中(zhong)危害(hai)最大(da)(da)、最常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)水(shui)損(sun)害(hai)。而水(shui)損(sun)害(hai)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要原因就是(shi)防(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)質量達不(bu)到(dao)(dao)要求(qiu)，造成(cheng)路面滲(shen)水(shui)，導致工程(cheng)質量出現嚴(yan)重問題。防(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工質量是(shi)決定路橋(qiao)滲(shen)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。

一(yi)(yi)、路(lu)橋施工中(zhong)影響防水層質量的一(yi)(yi)些問題分析與研究

造成路(lu)橋面(mian)防(fang)水工程滲漏的主要原因在于(yu)施(shi)工過(guo)(guo)程中存在質量(liang)問(wen)題，包括(kuo)材料質量(liang)不合(he)格，施(shi)工技(ji)術不過(guo)(guo)關，管理維護不到(dao)位等等。所以(yi)要掌握影(ying)響防(fang)水層質量(liang)的因素以(yi)便進行質量(liang)控制(zhi)，具體包括(kuo)如下(xia)：

1、防(fang)水材料質量(liang)。防(fang)水材料的(de)(de)性能達不到(dao)標(biao)準要(yao)求，根(gen)據橋(qiao)面施工質量(liang)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)要(yao)求，需要(yao)達到(dao)以下(xia)標(biao)準：路橋(qiao)表面涂膜干(gan)后，需要(yao)有一定的(de)(de)低(di)溫柔性；抗剪(jian)切力強，經受住橋(qiao)面長期荷載和抗壓的(de)(de)要(yao)求；能抵制(zhi)滲水造(zao)成結構(gou)破壞，在(zai)一定程度上(shang)延緩公路和橋(qiao)梁的(de)(de)使(shi)用年限；能防(fang)止由于橋(qiao)面漏水而引起的(de)(de)鋼筋腐(fu)蝕，提高(gao)路橋(qiao)體(ti)本身的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。

2、路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)質量。涂料使(shi)用前(qian)是(shi)否(fou)攪拌均勻，水(shui)泥混凝土橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)有(you)沒有(you)清掃干(gan)凈，表面(mian)是(shi)否(fou)粗糙，將直接影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)防(fang)水(shui)層與路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)之間的(de)粘結(jie)力，進而影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)瀝青橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)質量和橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)使(shi)用性(xing)能和防(fang)水(shui)性(xing)能。

3、施(shi)工(gong)管理(li)水(shui)平。施(shi)工(gong)單位是否按規范(fan)和(he)設計(ji)要求施(shi)工(gong)，是否按要求做好防水(shui)層施(shi)工(gong)后(hou)的(de)保(bao)養管理(li)，在(zai)(zai)很大程度(du)影響(xiang)防水(shui)層的(de)使用壽命和(he)質(zhi)量。另(ling)外，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)過程中，對于(yu)未(wei)干的(de)防水(shui)層要進行保(bao)護，防止施(shi)工(gong)人員及其他人踩踏于(yu)上。

4、細(xi)節(jie)設(she)(she)計(ji)的疏忽。路(lu)橋面(mian)防水設(she)(she)計(ji)需要(yao)對(dui)排防綜合考(kao)慮，如果只重視結構(gou)層(ceng)，忽略排水或排水不暢，會使路(lu)橋表面(mian)處于長期的水浸蝕，會導致防水材料的老(lao)化(hua)，路(lu)面(mian)的防水耐久性(xing)也會相應縮(suo)短。細(xi)部(bu)構(gou)造(zao)節(jie)點受氣溫(wen)、凍融的影響較(jiao)大，是(shi)防水的最薄弱部(bu)位，稍有疏忽，防水質量就難以(yi)(yi)確保。另外(wai)，要(yao)提高防水工(gong)程(cheng)的質量，除了要(yao)以(yi)(yi)材料為基(ji)礎、以(yi)(yi)良好的設(she)(she)計(ji)為前提、以(yi)(yi)嚴格的施(shi)工(gong)為關(guan)鍵外(wai)，還要(yao)注(zhu)意對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)和施(shi)工(gong)中容易造(zao)成損壞的薄弱部(bu)位采取必要(yao)措施(shi)，以(yi)(yi)提高防水層(ceng)整體的防水能力(li)，提高防水層(ceng)的質量和使用(yong)壽命(ming)。

二、路橋面防水層施工過程中的一些要求(qiu)分(fen)析與(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)

路橋面防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)按設計(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)規劃施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)涂料必須在有(you)效期以內，攪(jiao)拌均勻后(hou)方可使用，注意(yi)密(mi)封性。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使用的儀器、設備需提(ti)前(qian)進(jin)行檢驗，滿足要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)后(hou)方可使用。為(wei)保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)時(shi)的最(zui)低氣溫不(bu)應低于5℃，雨天、大霧及大風天不(bu)得(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)，不(bu)宜在后(hou)半夜施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)。在噴(pen)涂時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做到厚度適宜、噴(pen)灑均勻，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)泡沫，不(bu)能(neng)有(you)流淌(tang)、堆積(ji)現象，每層(ceng)涂膜干后(hou)才(cai)可以進(jin)行下一道工(gong)序。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中不(bu)得(de)亂踩未干的防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)用鞋和生活用鞋要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)分開，嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)防(fang)(fang)止橋面的污染。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)結束后(hou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)加保護(hu)，防(fang)(fang)止他人蓄意(yi)破壞或施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)損(sun)傷。

三(san)、路橋(qiao)施(shi)工中的防水(shui)層質量控制措施(shi)分析與(yu)研究

1、完(wan)善(shan)質量(liang)管理(li)體系。完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)管理(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)是質量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)重要(yao)基礎前提，這(zhe)也是對公路建(jian)設質量(liang)把(ba)(ba)關(guan)的(de)(de)第一步。必(bi)須不斷建(jian)立(li)和完(wan)善(shan)各項規章制(zhi)(zhi)度，加強(qiang)生產過程(cheng)中細節的(de)(de)質量(liang)管理(li)與控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，明確(que)崗位職(zhi)責，建(jian)立(li)完(wan)整的(de)(de)質量(liang)保證體系。注意職(zhi)工(gong)隊伍建(jian)設，包括思想建(jian)設與工(gong)作(zuo)技(ji)能培訓，這(zhe)是確(que)保施工(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)必(bi)要(yao)條件。只有在嚴格的(de)(de)質量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統的(de)(de)把(ba)(ba)關(guan)下，借助強(qiang)有力的(de)(de)施工(gong)指揮系統和高素(su)質的(de)(de)施工(gong)人員，才(cai)能保證工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質量(liang)。

2、對(dui)原材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)質量控制(zhi)。需要(yao)用的(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料必(bi)須(xu)有合格的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)報(bao)告(gao)。如購置多種(zhong)材(cai)料應(ying)該(gai)分類放置、并(bing)且要(yao)存放于干燥、通(tong)風處(chu)，避免(mian)暴露于陽(yang)光下，要(yao)經常(chang)進行檢測(ce)，以(yi)防(fang)止在存放過程中發生問題。經監理工程師(shi)檢查認(ren)可后方可使用。防(fang)水層(ceng)材(cai)料必(bi)須(xu)滿足以(yi)下要(yao)求：a.有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)不透水性(xing)能(neng)。b.有足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)黏結力。c.面(mian)層(ceng)碾(nian)壓后的(de)(de)(de)無破損性(xing)。d.良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)、低溫穩定性(xing)。e.廣泛的(de)(de)(de)適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)。f.抵御橋面(mian)裂(lie)縫的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。

3、加強施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)控制。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)控制主要(yao)(yao)包括橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)、對(dui)伸(shen)縮性部(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)意事項：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)專業的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)清(qing)理(li)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)處(chu)理(li)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，清(qing)除橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)石等雜物。處(chu)理(li)完畢后(hou)(hou)(hou)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)高壓吹風機(ji)(ji)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵將(jiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)干凈。處(chu)理(li)完橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)時應(ying)注(zhu)意，橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)需要(yao)(yao)覆蓋整(zheng)個(ge)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，厚(hou)度(du)以(yi)平均不超過2毫(hao)米(mi)為宜。二是(shi)護(hu)欄(lan)、泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)及(ji)(ji)伸(shen)縮縫(feng)等部(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)護(hu)欄(lan)底部(bu)要(yao)(yao)涂(tu)(tu)刷(shua)高出橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)4厘(li)(li)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)黏結(jie)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)，橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)管外(wai)露部(bu)分及(ji)(ji)泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)管內部(bu)距橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)10厘(li)(li)米(mi)以(yi)內涂(tu)(tu)刷(shua)黏結(jie)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)，伸(shen)縮縫(feng)、泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)及(ji)(ji)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)有(you)折(zhe)角的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)，要(yao)(yao)先(xian)用(yong)(yong)滾(gun)刷(shua)刷(shua)涂(tu)(tu)，刷(shua)涂(tu)(tu)時要(yao)(yao)整(zheng)齊，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止污(wu)染(ran)其他混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)外(wai)露面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。三是(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)。在條(tiao)件(jian)允許的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下應(ying)立即進(jin)(jin)行封閉管理(li)，杜絕(jue)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期污(wu)染(ran)，對(dui)出現(xian)污(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)進(jin)(jin)行全面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)清(qing)掃，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)鋼絲(si)刷(shua)和森林滅火(huo)器及(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)依次按順(shun)序清(qing)掃沖洗直(zhi)至干凈。四是(shi)噴涂(tu)(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)處(chu)理(li)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)驗(yan)收合格后(hou)(hou)(hou)，方(fang)可(ke)進(jin)(jin)行噴涂(tu)(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，一(yi)(yi)般分兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)進(jin)(jin)行噴涂(tu)(tu)，噴涂(tu)(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)采用(yong)(yong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)噴涂(tu)(tu)機(ji)(ji)具進(jin)(jin)行，底涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)噴灑量(liang)(liang)應(ying)根據橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粗糙度(du)決定(ding)，一(yi)(yi)般宜控制在每平方(fang)米(mi)0.3千克左(zuo)右。以(yi)保(bao)證防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，確保(bao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料與橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)黏結(jie)良好。

4、對(dui)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)開(kai)裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)開(kai)裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)各(ge)種各(ge)樣(yang)，加強預防(fang)與控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)手法也就多種多樣(yang)，本文對(dui)有可能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)預防(fang)方法進行了總(zong)結：一是(shi)重視(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)測(ce)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，嚴格測(ce)量行車道頂面標高以以確(que)(que)定路(lu)橋的(de)(de)承(cheng)重量，從(cong)路(lu)橋的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)作和安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中開(kai)始控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)的(de)(de)厚度，預防(fang)薄厚不均問題。二是(shi)嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)縱向濕接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)（鉸(jiao)縫(feng)）的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，包(bao)括鋼筋(jin)的(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)、混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)拌制(zhi)(zhi)、澆筑(zhu)(zhu)與養生工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，確(que)(que)保濕接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與梁體(ti)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)結合(he)密實(shi)，保證整體(ti)性(xing)，從(cong)減少濕接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)（鉸(jiao)縫(feng)）出(chu)現(xian)質量缺(que)陷的(de)(de)角度上來減少鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)出(chu)現(xian)開(kai)裂(lie)(lie)現(xian)象。三(san)是(shi)若鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)為半幅施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，則在先澆筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)一側要有預埋鋼筋(jin)，預防(fang)另一側混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)澆筑(zhu)(zhu)完后，因(yin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)收(shou)縮而產生開(kai)裂(lie)(lie)。四(si)是(shi)嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)拌制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，從(cong)配合(he)比及(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)使用上加大力度，避免因(yin)坍落度大造(zao)成混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)干縮裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)。

四、結語

隨(sui)著經(jing)濟(ji)和社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，高(gao)(gao)速公路和橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設日(ri)益增(zeng)多，投資(zi)巨大(da)。因(yin)此，對于路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量和使(shi)用年限也提(ti)出了(le)很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，至少要(yao)(yao)使(shi)用50年甚至100年以上。但目前我國路橋(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性和耐久性還有(you)待(dai)于提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，尤其是橋(qiao)面(mian)防水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)出現質(zhi)量問(wen)題嚴(yan)重影響到(dao)橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐久性，給橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命帶來了(le)嚴(yan)重威(wei)脅。本文從路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中影響防水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素入手(shou)，探(tan)討了(le)防水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)及加強防水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質(zhi)量控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)。總之，隨(sui)著經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步(bu)，對路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中防水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制提(ti)出了(le)更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中防水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量以保證(zheng)橋(qiao)面(mian)質(zhi)量成為施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組成部分(fen)，隨(sui)著路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)防水(shui)質(zhi)量控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加強，相信未來橋(qiao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量將更為可靠。

參考文獻

篇9

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：高速公路(lu)；橋面防(fang)水層；施工質量；質量控(kong)制

Abstract: with the economic and social development, China transportation business also get the unprecedented development, also have a lot of new technology challenges. Bridge is to improve the road, railway traffic quality of one of the most important parts, especially in such a mountain plateau of guizhou province is particularly important, however our province of highway bridge construction in construction still has many problems. Based on the working experience and in recent years of relevant material of access, on the construction of the waterproof layer construction quality problem and control measures are analyzed. In order to improve the operation of the bridge with vehicle vibration and impact, stretching, shear and natural environment destruction resistance ability, so as to improve the quality of the traffic operation and comfort. To provide theoretical reference for the related workers.

Keywords: highways; and Bridge deck waterproof layer; Construction quality; Quality control

中圖分類(lei)號：TV523文獻(xian)標(biao)識(shi)碼(ma)：A 文章編號

高速公(gong)路(lu)鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)橋梁(liang)橋面板在(zai)(zai)(zai)現澆施(shi)工中由于受到環境溫度、氣候變化及(ji)養生條(tiao)件等(deng)因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響難免會產生一些細(xi)微(wei)裂(lie)縫,另外(wai),隨著交通事業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速發(fa)展和道路(lu)等(deng)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷提(ti)高，混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負彎矩(ju)處在(zai)(zai)(zai)經受車輛頻繁荷載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊、拉(la)伸、剪切等(deng)力學性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響也(ye)將(jiang)會產生新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)縫，這些裂(lie)縫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)將(jiang)會引起橋面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲水或漏水，進而導致(zhi)鋼筋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銹(xiu)蝕(shi)，影響橋梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐久性(xing)。因(yin)此,在(zai)(zai)(zai)橋面鋪(pu)裝中設(she)置(zhi)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防水層是(shi)一道必不可少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工序。

一、高速公路(lu)橋面防水層施工存在問題(ti)分析

1部分橋面的(de)水泥(ni)混凝土層平(ping)(ping)整度較差(cha)、局部低洼不平(ping)(ping),將嚴重影(ying)響后續橋面防水層、瀝青層的(de)施工效果。

2 橋面板浮漿、砂(sha)漿殘(can)留物(wu)、浮塵處理時，缺少(shao)施工專用設備，造成橋面板水泥浮漿、橋面板泥土污染(ran)未清理徹底(di)直(zhi)接進(jin)行熱(re)噴改(gai)性瀝青的噴灑，施工完(wan)成后發現，熱(re)噴改(gai)性瀝青與橋面板無法粘結，防水層局部出現較為明顯的“起皮(pi)”現象。

二、主要問題隱患(huan)探討

瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)混(hun)合料鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)同橋(qiao)梁(liang)結構(gou)相比，在材料的(de)物理與力學性(xing)能(neng)上有明顯(xian)差(cha)異，屬于(yu)“剛柔相濟(ji)”。因(yin)此，這一特性(xing)會導(dao)致二者(zhe)在溫度(du)應(ying)力及荷載作用下應(ying)力與位移的(de)不(bu)(bu)連續性(xing)，尤其(qi)是(shi)水(shui)平剪切力往往主要由鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)。如果(guo)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)同鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之間因(yin)浮漿清理不(bu)(bu)徹(che)底、粗糙度(du)不(bu)(bu)足及防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)工(gong)質量的(de)波(bo)動，出(chu)現(xian)粘(zhan)(zhan)結不(bu)(bu)牢固，或(huo)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)抗剪強(qiang)度(du)不(bu)(bu)足，則極易在鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)產生剪切破壞，即表現(xian)為推擠、車轍、擁包、撕裂，形成(cheng)通常所講的(de)“搓(cuo)皮”現(xian)象，也就是(shi)剛柔兩部分(fen)變形不(bu)(bu)一致。由此可見，對(dui)于(yu)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)而言(yan)，橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)與瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之間的(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)結至為重要。這一粘(zhan)(zhan)結層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)除了具有“承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上啟下”的(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)結作用外，還應(ying)具有對(dui)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)保護功能(neng)。這一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次的(de)損壞將(jiang)直接導(dao)致橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)與鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)各自獨立，鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)也會因(yin)失(shi)去與橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)的(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)結而承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)更大(da)的(de)應(ying)力，因(yin)而更易產生各種損壞，一旦破壞修(xiu)補(bu)施(shi)工(gong)將(jiang)無法徹(che)底根治(zhi)。而橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)水(shui)泥混(hun)凝(ning)土層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平整度(du)差(cha)、標(biao)高不(bu)(bu)均勻、低洼不(bu)(bu)平，將(jiang)導(dao)致防(fang)(fang)水(shui)粘(zhan)(zhan)結層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)現(xian)堆積，瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)離析嚴重，由于(yu)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)薄不(bu)(bu)一，瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)與集料最大(da)公(gong)稱粒徑也不(bu)(bu)相匹(pi)配，按(an)正常方法碾壓，壓實度(du)難以保證。混(hun)凝(ning)土表面(mian)(mian)的(de)凹陷部分(fen)在使用過程中(zhong)很容(rong)易積水(shui)的(de)地方，滲入的(de)水(shui)排不(bu)(bu)出(chu)去，高溫時(shi)化成(cheng)水(shui)汽，使瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與混(hun)凝(ning)土板(ban)脫空。據此分(fen)析認為，橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)處理、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)加強(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)環節的(de)控制對(dui)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)質量顯(xian)得(de)尤為重要。

三、橋面防水層施(shi)工質量控制措施(shi)

1合理安排施工、監(jian)控(kong)人員

1.1橋面(mian)防水層施(shi)(shi)工(gong)隊(dui)伍必須安排(pai)責任心較強、技術(shu)經驗豐富的人員進行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理，每(mei)個環節(jie)安排(pai)專人控制。在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中，堅持質量(liang)第一，保(bao)證安全，保(bao)證不(bu)污染其它工(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)的思(si)想，以高度(du)的責任心開展工(gong)作(zuo)，每(mei)個工(gong)序開工(gong)前，及時(shi)報監理工(gong)程師驗收(shou)，保(bao)證關鍵工(gong)序處于受控狀態(tai)。

1.2應安排(pai)專(zhuan)人進行施工監(jian)控(kong)，主要控(kong)制(zhi)好(hao)三個環節，即橋面混凝土(tu)鋪裝(zhuang)層交(jiao)驗檢查、橋面板(ban)處理效(xiao)果、防水層施工質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，堅決不留任何質(zhi)量(liang)隱患，確保每道工序符合質(zhi)量(liang)要求。

2完善(shan)施工設備的配(pei)置

橋(qiao)面防水層施工隊伍(wu)必(bi)須具備以(yi)下主要機(ji)械(xie)設(she)(she)備（每個作業面）：瀝青、集料同(tong)步碎石封層機(ji)1臺(tai)(tai)(tai)、16t以(yi)上膠輪壓(ya)路機(ji)1臺(tai)(tai)(tai)、灑水車1臺(tai)(tai)(tai)、森(sen)林滅(mie)火器3~4臺(tai)(tai)(tai)、機(ji)械(xie)鋼絲刷（或清灰機(ji)）1臺(tai)(tai)(tai)、清掃機(ji)1臺(tai)(tai)(tai)，以(yi)上設(she)(she)備必(bi)須運(yun)轉正(zheng)常

3建立全(quan)面質量(liang)管理體系

橋面防水層施(shi)工單位必(bi)須(xu)牢(lao)固樹立“質量(liang)第一(yi)”的思想，時刻牢(lao)記(ji)“做(zuo)一(yi)個(ge)工程，創一(yi)個(ge)精品工程”的質量(liang)宗旨(zhi)，以主(zhu)人公的思想積(ji)極參與到公路建(jian)(jian)設(she)之中，從我做(zuo)起，把(ba)好公路建(jian)(jian)設(she)質量(liang)的第一(yi)關。建(jian)(jian)立與完善各項規(gui)章制(zhi)(zhi)度，加強生產過程中各環節的質量(liang)管(guan)理(li)與質量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)，明確崗位職責，建(jian)(jian)立完整的質量(liang)保證體(ti)系(xi)。加強職工隊(dui)伍的建(jian)(jian)設(she)，包(bao)括思想教育與工作技能(neng)培訓，為確保施(shi)工質量(liang)創造條(tiao)件(jian)。在(zai)充分理(li)解技術要求的基礎(chu)上，通(tong)過嚴格的質量(liang)體(ti)系(xi)控制(zhi)(zhi)，強有力的生產指揮系(xi)統(tong)，做(zuo)到嚴密組織，精心施(shi)工，系(xi)統(tong)管(guan)理(li)，保證質量(liang)。

4加強原材料的質量控制

4.1用于橋面防水層的瀝青(qing)(qing)材料宜采用優質 SBS 改(gai)性瀝青(qing)(qing)，其質量必(bi)須(xu)符合施工指(zhi)導(dao)意見中(zhong)表一的要求。

4.2集(ji)料必須采用(yong)石(shi)質堅(jian)硬、清潔(jie)、不含風化顆粒(li)、近立方(fang)體(ti)顆粒(li)的碎石(shi)。集(ji)料宜采用(yong)石(shi)灰(hui)巖，規格為(wei)S10，單(dan)一粒(li)徑9.5~13.2mm，其規格必須符合施工(gong)要求(qiu)。

4.3施(shi)工過程中(zhong)嚴格按照檢測頻(pin)率的要求進行分批檢查，工序控制，切實(shi)做到材料不合格堅決清場。

5加強(qiang)施工(gong)工(gong)藝的控制(zhi)

5.1 重視橋面板處理

（1）橋面水泥混凝土層(ceng)的鋪裝(zhuang)、橋頭(tou)搭板(ban)必須采用專用設備施(shi)(shi)工，監(jian)(jian)控(kong)人員加強施(shi)(shi)工過程的監(jian)(jian)控(kong)，鋪裝(zhuang)層(ceng)、橋頭(tou)搭板(ban)施(shi)(shi)工過程中應(ying)嚴(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)鋪裝(zhuang)層(ceng)平整度和(he)表面粗糙度，做好“拉(la)毛”處理，出現局部低(di)洼不平、鋼(gang)筋(jin)外露現象(xiang)時應(ying)及(ji)時采取(qu)措施(shi)(shi)加以彌補，為后續(xu)橋面防水層(ceng)施(shi)(shi)工提(ti)供良好操作平臺。

（2）橋面(mian)板清(qing)(qing)理必須采用專用設備，具(ju)體控(kong)制如下：用機械鋼絲刷將橋面(mian)上遺留的(de)(de)水泥混凝土浮漿、砂漿殘留物、浮塵(chen)清(qing)(qing)除(chu)干凈，出現難以(yi)清(qing)(qing)除(chu)的(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)、鋼筋外露的(de)(de)情(qing)況應(ying)配合人(ren)工措施鑿除(chu)。

（3）橋面板處(chu)理完成表面干(gan)燥后，宜(yi)立即進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層施工(gong)，如(ru)需(xu)間隔施工(gong)，則必須封閉交(jiao)通，防(fang)止對橋面造成污染(ran)，影響防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層的粘結效果。

（4）瀝青噴(pen)灑(sa)前，應對橋(qiao)上護欄(lan)(lan)座和護欄(lan)(lan)用塑(su)料薄膜(mo)進行覆蓋(gai)，防止瀝青噴(pen)灑(sa)污染構(gou)造物(wu)。

5.2 嚴格(ge)施工過程(cheng)控制

（1）要考慮橋面(mian)(mian)熱噴(pen)(pen)改性(xing)瀝(li)(li)(li)青防水層氣溫低于 10℃時，不(bu)宜(yi)噴(pen)(pen)灑(sa)改性(xing)瀝(li)(li)(li)青。因此，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)結合項目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)實際情況，嚴禁橋面(mian)(mian)防水層在夜間、雨季施(shi)工(gong)。（2）橋面(mian)(mian)防水層施(shi)工(gong)用(yong)(yong)集(ji)料，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)進(jin)行(xing)預裹附處理，瀝(li)(li)(li)青用(yong)(yong)量(liang)為0.5%～0.7%，集(ji)料加(jia)熱溫度(du)為150～160℃，并應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)注意集(ji)料的(de)潔凈度(du)。（3）橋面(mian)(mian)防水層施(shi)工(gong)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)特別注意瀝(li)(li)(li)青和(he)撒布集(ji)料的(de)均勻性(xing)，用(yong)(yong)總量(liang)校核施(shi)工(gong)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)，瀝(li)(li)(li)青噴(pen)(pen)灑(sa)量(liang)按(an)1.2～1.5kg/m2，集(ji)料撒布量(liang)按(an) 5～7m3/1000m2進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)制，石料撒布率約60%～70%，以碾壓時不(bu)粘(zhan)輪為度(du)。對于瀝(li)(li)(li)青灑(sa)布不(bu)均勻地(di)方(fang)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及時采用(yong)(yong)噴(pen)(pen)槍進(jin)行(xing)補灑(sa)。（4） 防水層施(shi)工(gong)中，必須嚴格按(an)照相(xiang)關要求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)頻率進(jin)行(xing)質(zhi)量(liang)檢測，技術要求(qiu)(qiu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符合技術規范的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)。

6 注重技術總結(jie)，關注執行效果

（1）橋面防水層在試鋪(pu)路段施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位應對(dui)原材料、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)進行全(quan)面檢(jian)查，各項(xiang)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作均(jun)檢(jian)查合格后，擬定試鋪(pu)路段施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術方(fang)案，并報監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程師審核，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術方(fang)案內容包括(kuo)：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織機構安(an)排(pai)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)與檢(jian)測儀器清單(dan)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度計劃、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量控制與保證措施(shi)、安(an)全(quan)文明(ming)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、材料供貨保證措施(shi)等。

（2） 橋(qiao)面防水(shui)層施(shi)(shi)工應建立技(ji)術交底(di)與施(shi)(shi)工總結(jie)(jie)制(zhi)度，在施(shi)(shi)工前(qian)進行技(ji)術交底(di)，試鋪(pu)段完成(cheng)后及(ji)時進行施(shi)(shi)工總結(jie)(jie)，以(yi)加強對一線(xian)操作人員的技(ji)術培訓，做到技(ji)術要點熟練掌握，施(shi)(shi)工程序控制(zhi)有序，確保橋(qiao)面防水(shui)層施(shi)(shi)工質量。

四、結束語

高(gao)(gao)(gao)速公路施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)點多面廣、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)環(huan)境復雜多變、技術(shu)程度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)，橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)是其(qi)中的(de)(de)組(zu)成重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)環(huan)節。然而，橋(qiao)面防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)是橋(qiao)梁(liang)質量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點，其(qi)不但(dan)影(ying)響著(zhu)公路的(de)(de)整(zheng)體質量，也影(ying)響著(zhu)橋(qiao)的(de)(de)整(zheng)體壽命,應(ying)該(gai)引起高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視。實際施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)中應(ying)加(jia)(jia)強路基(ji)、路面單位加(jia)(jia)強合作,首先提高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)泥混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)橋(qiao)面的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量，加(jia)(jia)強水(shui)(shui)泥混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)橋(qiao)面的(de)(de)平整(zheng)度(du)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，其(qi)次要(yao)加(jia)(jia)強橋(qiao)面的(de)(de)清理工(gong)作，為橋(qiao)面防水(shui)(shui)粘層(ceng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)創造良好的(de)(de)條件(jian)，以確保橋(qiao)面防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)交通的(de)(de)舒適度(du)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位經濟效益。

參考文獻

1.維持魯威.建筑十書[M].高(gao)履泰譯.北京(jing):中國建筑工業出版社, 1986.

2.哲學大辭(ci)典[M].上海:上海辭(ci)書出版社,2007.

篇10

【關(guan)鍵詞】公路；橋面鋪裝；防治措施

0.前言

公路橋(qiao)面鋪裝質量對橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)行車的舒(shu)適度以及橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)抵抗外界(jie)氣候侵蝕能力(li)有著非常重(zhong)要的影響，橋(qiao)面鋪裝的損壞(huai)不(bu)僅會(hui)導(dao)致行車顛簸、道路通行能力(li)降低，還會(hui)加劇橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)的腐蝕。本(ben)文就此從以下幾個方面做簡要的探討。

1.水破壞橋梁(liang)的機理(li)

橋面(mian)鋪裝應該采用質量(liang)較好(hao)的(de)防水(shui)層，并且要做好(hao)養(yang)護工作，只有這樣才能避(bi)免防水(shui)設施破壞掉。此外(wai)如果防水(shui)層設計以(yi)及施工不合理，或(huo)者(zhe)采用質量(liang)比較次的(de)防水(shui)材(cai)料用于施工中，便會給橋面(mian)工程(cheng)的(de)施工質量(liang)造(zao)(zao)成一(yi)定程(cheng)度的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。一(yi)般水(shui)給橋梁造(zao)(zao)成的(de)破壞主(zhu)要表(biao)面(mian)在如下幾個方面(mian)：

1.1具有一定(ding)的(de)侵(qin)蝕作用(yong)

空氣里面的水和(he)雨水都(dou)是(shi)成份(fen)比較(jiao)復雜(za)的液體，有(you)易(yi)溶解的氣體、有(you)機質(zhi)及(ji)(ji)礦(kuang)物(wu)質(zhi)，最為(wei)常見的是(shi)有(you)酸性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)、氧離子以及(ji)(ji)氯離子等。當這(zhe)些酸、堿(jian)物(wu)質(zhi)過(guo)量時便會(hui)給橋梁混(hun)凝土以及(ji)(ji)金(jin)屬材(cai)料帶來侵蝕和(he)損壞。

1.2具有一定(ding)的滲透和(he)毛(mao)細(xi)作用

假如防水(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施失效或者不(bu)能達到預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工效果，一(yi)旦水(shui)(shui)跟橋梁(liang)(liang)結構(gou)(gou)接(jie)觸，就會順著結構(gou)(gou)體(ti)(ti)孔(kong)隙(xi)不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透(tou)，當(dang)水(shui)(shui)積存到一(yi)定程度時(shi)便會形(xing)成水(shui)(shui)位差，發(fa)(fa)生滲(shen)透(tou)現(xian)象，通常(chang)這種滲(shen)透(tou)會給(gei)橋體(ti)(ti)上(shang)下(xia)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)(gou)帶來極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危害(hai)。由于(yu)季節不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生變化(hua)，便使(shi)(shi)得水(shui)(shui)凍脹(zhang)效應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞性(xing)(xing)更加明顯。嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)不(bu)僅(jin)會導致橋梁(liang)(liang)被慢性(xing)(xing)破壞，還會促使(shi)(shi)空氣(qi)里(li)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)或者酸(suan)雨和混凝土材料(liao)產(chan)生發(fa)(fa)硬，進而促使(shi)(shi)可溶性(xing)(xing)鹽生成。當(dang)水(shui)(shui)分蒸發(fa)(fa)后，鹽便會沿著混凝土孔(kong)隙(xi)析出(chu)并附著于(yu)橋梁(liang)(liang)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面上(shang)，從而使(shi)(shi)得它受到腐蝕(shi)損害(hai)；與此同時(shi)，堿性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)給(gei)橋梁(liang)(liang)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)也(ye)是(shi)借助水(shui)(shui)反應(ying)帶來膨脹(zhang)而使(shi)(shi)得裂縫形(xing)成。特別是(shi)在沿海地區，由于(yu)大(da)氣(qi)及(ji)雨水(shui)(shui)里(li)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透(tou)到混凝土里(li)面，便使(shi)(shi)得梁(liang)(liang)里(li)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼筋發(fa)(fa)生銹蝕(shi)。從這可以看出(chu)，橋面防水(shui)(shui)非常(chang)重要。

2.公路(lu)橋面鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)防水主要措施

2.1鋪貼卷材防水(shui)層

一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)卷材防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)都會具(ju)有比(bi)較(jiao)好的(de)韌(ren)性，并且可(ke)(ke)以承受適量(liang)的(de)側壓(ya)力、振(zhen)動以及變形。特別是在耐腐蝕以及抗滲方面，采用貼(tie)(tie)式(shi)防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)水(shui)(shui)泥混凝土或者(zhe)瀝青(qing)混凝土進行鋪裝(zhuang)，可(ke)(ke)以取得很好的(de)施工效果。貼(tie)(tie)式(shi)防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)通常需要(yao)設置在墊層(ceng)上(shang)面，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)需采取“三油二氈”的(de)方法，它的(de)厚(hou)度(du)多(duo)為1到(dao)2厘(li)米，防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)上(shang)面則需采用厚(hou)度(du)為4厘(li)米左右、標(biao)號不低于C20號的(de)細骨料混凝土當作保護層(ceng)，待其強(qiang)度(du)達(da)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定標(biao)準時就可(ke)(ke)以將(jiang)瀝青(qing)混凝土或者(zhe)水(shui)(shui)泥混凝土鋪筑在路面上(shang)，然而這是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種比(bi)較(jiao)傳統的(de)防水(shui)(shui)方法，在很多(duo)發達(da)國(guo)家已(yi)經淘汰掉。

目前，研究人員開發(fa)出來了(le)品(pin)種(zhong)繁多(duo)的新型(xing)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)，最為常用(yong)的便是(shi)SBS改(gai)性瀝(li)(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)和App改(gai)性瀝(li)(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)以及(ji)再生(sheng)膠油(you)等(deng)(deng)。瀝(li)(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)胎(tai)體發(fa)展(zhan)比較快(kuai)，現在已經從紙胎(tai)發(fa)展(zhan)為玻纖胎(tai)、聚(ju)酯胎(tai)等(deng)(deng)；浸涂材(cai)料主要(yao)有氧化(hua)(hua)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)和催化(hua)(hua)氧化(hua)(hua)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)等(deng)(deng)。

2.2防水涂膜防水層

近幾年(nian)西方(fang)(fang)國家研發出(chu)了(le)一種新型的(de)(de)(de)薄膜(mo)噴灑防(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)，也就是先在(zai)板面上(shang)澆一層(ceng)(ceng)透(tou)層(ceng)(ceng)油，隨后在(zai)它的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)面噴灑薄膜(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)，最(zui)后再(zai)講粘(zhan)結層(ceng)(ceng)鋪(pu)灑在(zai)上(shang)面。目(mu)前(qian)經常采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)涂膜(mo)是聚氨酯、珍烯酸以及硅橡膠等。噴灑薄膜(mo)防(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)與基(ji)底、面層(ceng)(ceng)之間的(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)結性比較(jiao)好(hao)，而且彌補了(le)卷材的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足(zu)，然而這(zhe)種方(fang)(fang)法(fa)也有它的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足(zu)之處，比如容易出(chu)現針(zhen)孔(kong)現象和毒性污染以及厚度不(bu)夠均勻等。

2.3采(cai)用化(hua)學灌漿法(fa)

裂縫(feng)(feng)很容(rong)易導(dao)致結(jie)構腐蝕并且會將其使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命降低，因(yin)而一定要(yao)采(cai)(cai)取修補措施，以(yi)便保證它(ta)的(de)耐久性，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)最好可以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)灌(guan)漿(jiang)法(fa)。這(zhe)種(zhong)方法(fa)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)膠結(jie)劑需依(yi)照(zhao)裂縫(feng)(feng)的(de)大小(xiao)來選擇，比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是甲凝和環氧樹脂(zhi)等。當裂縫(feng)(feng)小(xiao)于0.1毫米時(shi)(shi)，可以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)甲凝灌(guan)漿(jiang)法(fa)，它(ta)的(de)粘滯度(du)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)便于灌(guan)注；當裂縫(feng)(feng)在0.1到0.4毫米之間(jian)時(shi)(shi)，則可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環氧樹脂(zhi)灌(guan)漿(jiang)法(fa)；當裂縫(feng)(feng)的(de)寬(kuan)度(du)大于0.4毫米時(shi)(shi)，應該采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水泥(ni)漿(jiang)。化(hua)學(xue)灌(guan)漿(jiang)法(fa)在修補裂縫(feng)(feng)時(shi)(shi)防水以(yi)及空(kong)氣(qi)滲透(tou)性比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)好，不僅可以(yi)有效抑(yi)制(zhi)水，防止水氣(qi)滲入梁(liang)體(ti)里面(mian)導(dao)致鋼筋受到腐蝕，還能(neng)避免水泥(ni)因(yin)為鹽(yan)(yan)析帶來的(de)鹽(yan)(yan)分(fen)而不斷的(de)從里往(wang)外(wai)轉(zhuan)移，以(yi)免風化(hua)及鹽(yan)(yan)析現象(xiang)的(de)產生(sheng)，此外(wai)延長了橋梁(liang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。

2.4采(cai)用水泥砂漿防水層

水(shui)泥砂漿防(fang)水(shui)層主要分為(wei)兩種(zhong)，一(yi)種(zhong)是里面添(tian)加(jia)外(wai)加(jia)劑的水(shui)泥砂漿防(fang)水(shui)層，另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)則(ze)是剛性(xing)多(duo)層防(fang)水(shui)層。

2.4.1采用(yong)防水混凝土結構防水法(fa)

密(mi)實(shi)性(xing)比(bi)較好(hao)的(de)(de)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)自防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能力(li)比(bi)較強。施工(gong)人員往普通的(de)(de)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)里面添加一定(ding)量的(de)(de)減水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)、氯化(hua)鐵便生成(cheng)了防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)結(jie)構，其防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)能也得到(dao)了提高。減水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)通常是作(zuo)為(wei)一種陰(yin)離子(zi)表面活性(xing)劑(ji)(ji)，它是分(fen)子(zi)里面所(suo)含有的(de)(de)親水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)以(yi)(yi)及憎水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)兩種基因的(de)(de)有機(ji)化(hua)合物。這類化(hua)合物可(ke)以(yi)(yi)把水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)表面的(de)(de)張力(li)以(yi)(yi)及界面的(de)(de)張力(li)降低(di)，進而起到(dao)表面活性(xing)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，通過使得帶(dai)電的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)顆粒之間相互排斥，將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)凝(ning)聚團里面包裹著的(de)(de)多余水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)釋放(fang)出來。減水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)不僅可(ke)以(yi)(yi)把混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灰比(bi)降低(di)，還可(ke)將(jiang)其和易性(xing)改(gai)善，促使其密(mi)實(shi)度增加，進而起到(dao)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效果。

2.4.2排水設計

橋面(mian)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)屬于(yu)一項比較(jiao)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)，它不單單需要(yao)從縱(zong)向或者橫向及(ji)(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)將鋪(pu)裝層(ceng)(ceng)表面(mian)所(suo)含的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)排(pai)(pai)走，還(huan)需要(yao)設置(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)密水(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)，以(yi)(yi)免水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)滲入到鋪(pu)裝層(ceng)(ceng)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)橋梁結構(gou)里面(mian)。此外還(huan)需要(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)只有(you)把(ba)鋪(pu)裝層(ceng)(ceng)里面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)(pai)出去，才(cai)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)防治橋面(mian)結構(gou)受到水(shui)(shui)(shui)害(hai)影響，進而(er)將其使用(yong)壽命延長。據相(xiang)(xiang)關調查可(ke)知(zhi)，促使橋面(mian)和橋梁結構(gou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)損害(hai)愈加嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因便是(shi)滲入到鋪(pu)裝層(ceng)(ceng)里面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)難以(yi)(yi)排(pai)(pai)出。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)施(shi)工設計人員(yuan)在對橋面(mian)鋪(pu)裝進行設計時(shi)，一定要(yao)在橫向位(wei)置(zhi)設置(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)裝層(ceng)(ceng)內(nei)部排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)設施(shi)。

3.公路橋面鋪裝施工注意(yi)事項

橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)鋪裝(zhuang)層是否(fou)能夠選取合(he)適的(de)防(fang)水措施直(zhi)接關系(xi)到(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)的(de)質量(liang)以(yi)及(ji)美觀，特別是新舊混凝土(tu)是否(fou)可以(yi)粘結(jie)在(zai)一起(qi)，這又跟底層的(de)混凝土(tu)能否(fou)得到(dao)妥善處理(li)以(yi)及(ji)澆筑(zhu)的(de)修補材料有(you)著密(mi)不(bu)可分(fen)的(de)關系(xi)。所以(yi)在(zai)對公路橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)鋪裝(zhuang)采取防(fang)水措施時需要注意以(yi)下幾點：

3.1處理好舊橋面(mian)

在對橋面(mian)進行鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)前需(xu)要(yao)鑿掉(diao)(diao)一些破損的(de)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)（如果是瀝青混(hun)(hun)合料的(de)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)，則需(xu)要(yao)全部鑿除(chu)），隨后再將(jiang)箱梁表面(mian)的(de)混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)鑿掉(diao)(diao)2厘米(mi)左右。此外(wai)施工人員還需(xu)將(jiang)橋面(mian)鑿掉(diao)(diao)后的(de)混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)松(song)散(san)粒(li)和(he)砂(sha)石等雜(za)物全部清理干(gan)凈。

3.2選取質量好的材料

施工人員(yuan)用(yong)于鋪裝橋面的材料(liao)以(yi)及防水材料(liao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要慎重選(xuan)擇，嚴格控制材料(liao)質量關，所采(cai)用(yong)的骨(gu)料(liao)級配一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要好，并且要求它必須具備非常(chang)好的和易性且澆補(bu)(bu)時一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要振搗充分。在(zai)對橋面進行修補(bu)(bu)時應(ying)該采(cai)用(yong)干(gan)硬性混(hun)凝土或者鋼(gang)纖(xian)維混(hun)凝土，以(yi)便將新澆混(hun)凝土收縮減少，從而(er)起到(dao)補(bu)(bu)強的作用(yong)。

3.3做(zuo)好后(hou)期養護(hu)工作

施工人員一定要(yao)留充足的養護(hu)時(shi)間，在防(fang)水(shui)層施工完畢后(hou)要(yao)加(jia)強對橋面的養護(hu)工作，不允(yun)許橋面過早的通車受力，如有必要(yao)施工人員可以架設臨時(shi)浮橋來滿通運輸(shu)所需(xu)。

4.結語

水和水里(li)面的(de)(de)有(you)害物質(zhi)對水泥混凝(ning)土何(he)鋼筋都有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)侵蝕作用，而(er)且(qie)會(hui)極大(da)的(de)(de)影響到(dao)公路橋(qiao)梁(liang)結構的(de)(de)使用時間(jian)，所(suo)以施(shi)工人員要(yao)加大(da)這(zhe)方面的(de)(de)重視，對橋(qiao)面設(she)置性(xing)能俱佳的(de)(de)防水層并不斷的(de)(de)完善整個橋(qiao)梁(liang)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)排水系(xi)統，使得橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量有(you)所(suo)保障(zhang)。

【參考文獻】

[1]曹德(de)金.水泥混凝土橋面(mian)瀝青混凝土鋪裝的綜(zong)合技(ji)術研究[J].城市(shi)道(dao)橋與防洪(hong)，2013（04）.

[2]郁志(zhi)國.公(gong)路橋梁(liang)橋面鋪裝(zhuang)施工(gong)質量控(kong)制[J].黑龍江科技信息(xi)，2013（13）.