導語：公路橋(qiao)梁建設施工質量(liang)管理(li)對策一文來源于網友上傳，不(bu)代表本(ben)站觀點，若需要原創文章可咨詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：隨著我國交通事業的快速發展,越來越多公路橋梁建設項目在環境惡劣的(de)地(di)區(qu)開(kai)展(zhan)施(shi)(shi)工,導致質(zhi)量問題(ti)和安(an)全問題(ti)出現的(de)概率升高。基于此(ci),本文結(jie)合工作經驗(yan),對公路橋梁(liang)建設(she)施(shi)(shi)工中安(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)重要意(yi)義進行分析,分別介紹了路橋建設(she)施(shi)(shi)工中常見的(de)安(an)全問題(ti)與(yu)(yu)安(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)措施(shi)(shi)、質(zhi)量問題(ti)和質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)(li)措施(shi)(shi),以期提升路橋建設(she)施(shi)(shi)工的(de)質(zhi)量與(yu)(yu)安(an)全性,為相關從業者(zhe)提供借鑒。

關鍵詞：公路橋梁(liang);施工(gong);安全管理;質量管理

相較(jiao)一般的(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)項目而(er)言(yan)，公(gong)(gong)路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)需要(yao)通(tong)過國家批準，是一種(zhong)規(gui)模較(jiao)大、周期較(jiao)長(chang)且成本較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)項目，作為國家基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)組成部分，為人們的(de)出行提供極大的(de)便利，所(suo)以在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)必須(xu)加強(qiang)質(zhi)量(liang)與安全方(fang)面的(de)管(guan)理(li)。隨(sui)著公(gong)(gong)路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)程(cheng)項目結構形式的(de)日漸(jian)多樣化(hua)，建(jian)設(she)(she)區(qu)域的(de)環境(jing)日漸(jian)復雜化(hua)，導致(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)難度不(bu)斷加大，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)常(chang)常(chang)會出現安全與質(zhi)量(liang)方(fang)面的(de)管(guan)理(li)問題(ti)(ti)[1]。因此，一定要(yao)深入(ru)分析公(gong)(gong)路橋(qiao)梁施(shi)(shi)工(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)常(chang)見的(de)安全與質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)問題(ti)(ti)，采取(qu)針對性的(de)管(guan)理(li)對策，保障公(gong)(gong)路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)程(cheng)項目能夠盡快投入(ru)使(shi)用。

1公路橋梁建設施工中的安全管理

1.1常(chang)見的安(an)全管理(li)問題(ti)

1.1.1安全意識較為薄弱在公路橋梁建設施工中，無論是施工人員還是管理層，均存在安全意識薄弱的問題。一方面，施工管理人員的安全管理意識薄弱，對安全管理工作不夠重視，尤其在工期吃緊的情況下，部分施工管理人員過分追求施工質量與效率，對(dui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)有所忽略，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風險發生概率有所升(sheng)高(gao)；另一(yi)方面(mian)，部(bu)(bu)分施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)雖然技術過(guo)硬(ying)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意(yi)識(shi)薄弱，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中對(dui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制度視(shi)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)見，嚴重影響(xiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)，甚至會(hui)影響(xiang)其他施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)。1.1.2安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制度不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠完善在(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)方案(an)(an)中會(hui)明確規(gui)定(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)內容(rong)，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)模大(da)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境惡劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目，一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)專項(xiang)(xiang)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，部(bu)(bu)分施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)(an)中并未(wei)(wei)羅(luo)列可操作性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)障內容(rong)。約定(ding)俗成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制度要(yao)(yao)(yao)求放(fang)入施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)(an)中，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)缺少可行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)障措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，無法(fa)適(shi)用于(yu)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，難以發揮指導(dao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用[2]。此外，并未(wei)(wei)規(gui)定(ding)現場(chang)防護、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體操作辦法(fa)，造(zao)成施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)設(she)(she)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防護較(jiao)為隨意(yi)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)專項(xiang)(xiang)方案(an)(an)“形式化”，很(hen)(hen)難保(bao)(bao)證路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)性。按照(zhao)相關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)，應急(ji)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)必須提前制定(ding)應急(ji)預案(an)(an)、配(pei)備應急(ji)物資(zi)以及定(ding)期開展(zhan)應急(ji)演習(xi)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)分公路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中卻存在(zai)(zai)應急(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并未(wei)(wei)結合(he)(he)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)實(shi)情編制應用預案(an)(an)，編制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應急(ji)救(jiu)援舉(ju)措(cuo)太簡單，無法(fa)有效遏制安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應急(ji)物資(zi)配(pei)備未(wei)(wei)受到足(zu)夠重視(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)么(me)配(pei)備不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)么(me)很(hen)(hen)久(jiu)未(wei)(wei)更新(xin)；三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前會(hui)強調(diao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)問題，但大(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)重視(shi)應急(ji)演習(xi)培(pei)訓(xun)。1.1.3安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)證路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵，如(ru)果缺少安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)作為保(bao)(bao)障，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)將無法(fa)推(tui)進，路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)與安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)相輔相成。然而在(zai)(zai)部(bu)(bu)分路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)項(xiang)(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，存在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，鑒于(yu)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)目較(jiao)為復雜(za)，各個項(xiang)(xiang)目存在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)(bu)編制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)大(da)出入，實(shi)際(ji)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方法(fa)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)結合(he)(he)實(shi)際(ji)情況(kuang)進行調(diao)整[3]。另外，很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)多(duo)(duo)(duo)為培(pei)訓(xun)加罰款，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)自覺遵(zun)守安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性不(bu)(bu)(bu)強。

1.2安全管理對策

1.2.1增強安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)意識(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)薄弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，要(yao)(yao)(yao)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)增強相(xiang)關(guan)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)意識(shi)，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)設中(zhong)滲(shen)透安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)理(li)念，使(shi)他們自覺遵守安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)。一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，承包(bao)單(dan)位需(xu)做好(hao)檢驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位嚴格按要(yao)(yao)(yao)求落(luo)實(shi)(shi)；設計單(dan)位及(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門則要(yao)(yao)(yao)做好(hao)指導與(yu)監(jian)督工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，抽檢安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)，對(dui)(dui)不(bu)規范、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)性不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求整改。另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，加強安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣教工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，向一(yi)線施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宣傳(chuan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性，以(yi)實(shi)(shi)例(li)講(jiang)解施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危險(xian)操作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)風(feng)險(xian)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)。1.2.2完善安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)首先，安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)必(bi)須提(ti)前對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)進(jin)行勘察，與(yu)設計方(fang)案組共同商議(yi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)內容，并且還要(yao)(yao)(yao)確(que)(que)保(bao)與(yu)國家相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規相(xiang)符。安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)結合以(yi)往的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗(yan)，判斷路橋施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)可(ke)能存(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)，制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)編制(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)應(ying)急預案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)明(ming)確(que)(que)相(xiang)關(guan)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權責，確(que)(que)保(bao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故(gu)發(fa)生后能找到對(dui)(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負責人(ren)(ren)，保(bao)證能夠有(you)(you)條不(bu)紊地應(ying)對(dui)(dui)各(ge)種突發(fa)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故(gu)。1.2.3健全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)應(ying)當由安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)總監(jian)負責，與(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)機構共同商議(yi)，交由安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門審核，最后由項目部(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)一(yi)線施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行宣講(jiang)，讓所有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都能了(le)解相(xiang)關(guan)細節(jie)(jie)[4]。如果安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)情況(kuang)不(bu)符，則需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)反饋。另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之前，要(yao)(yao)(yao)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)審查(cha)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)目標及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)素，明(ming)確(que)(que)相(xiang)關(guan)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)責任，監(jian)督安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)情況(kuang)。具體實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)細化(hua)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)規范，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)量化(hua)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)任務(wu)，保(bao)證安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)達成統一(yi)，做好(hao)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、設備(bei)、材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)檢驗(yan)，對(dui)(dui)臨時(shi)(shi)用電、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患進(jin)行排查(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控，落(luo)實(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

2公路橋梁建設施工中的質量管理

2.1常見的質量管理問題

2.1.1材料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問題為了保證路橋施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建設質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，最基(ji)礎也(ye)是最關(guan)鍵(jian)的是選擇符合標(biao)準的高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料(liao)，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)路橋項目(mu)(mu)(mu)正(zheng)式施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前，一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)對材料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)及性(xing)能進行嚴格把關(guan)。然(ran)而(er)(er)在(zai)實際路橋建設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)，會(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)材料(liao)選用不(bu)科學(xue)的情況(kuang)，導(dao)致半成品、殘次品混(hun)(hun)(hun)入施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，從(cong)而(er)(er)難(nan)以(yi)保障路橋項目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建設的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。此(ci)外，在(zai)選購材料(liao)的過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有結(jie)合設計方案(an)要(yao)(yao)求選擇對應(ying)標(biao)號的水泥，便(bian)有可能導(dao)致混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)結(jie)構出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)裂(lie)縫。2.1.2技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)問題近年來，出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)了大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)新(xin)興(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，在(zai)路橋建設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)不(bu)例外，而(er)(er)對技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的管理(li)，也(ye)是施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的重要(yao)(yao)環(huan)節。如(ru)果(guo)對技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的應(ying)用和(he)管理(li)不(bu)當(dang)，同(tong)樣(yang)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。例如(ru)，預應(ying)力(li)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)是橋梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)常用的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，應(ying)用過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)對預應(ying)力(li)進行合理(li)設計與(yu)計算，而(er)(er)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)會(hui)直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)橋梁(liang)結(jie)構的應(ying)力(li)大(da)(da)小與(yu)方向(xiang)，也(ye)會(hui)間接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)[5]。而(er)(er)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)眾多因素有關(guan)，如(ru)水分(fen)過多會(hui)造成澆筑與(yu)凝(ning)(ning)固(gu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)佳，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)預應(ying)力(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；配比與(yu)振搗施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)當(dang)會(hui)導(dao)致混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)強度(du)下降。2.1.3現(xian)場管理(li)問題公(gong)路橋梁(liang)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)包含施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)、環(huan)境、人員、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等方面，會(hui)直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。公(gong)路橋梁(liang)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)同(tong)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的情況(kuang)也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)，那么影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)的因素自然(ran)也(ye)存在(zai)差(cha)異。如(ru)果(guo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位并(bing)未結(jie)合施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場情況(kuang)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計方案(an)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織方案(an)制(zhi)定(ding)管理(li)制(zhi)度(du)，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場管理(li)階段便(bian)會(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)各種沖(chong)突，從(cong)而(er)(er)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)秩序、進度(du)及質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

2.2質量管(guan)理對策

2.2.1加強(qiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控只有(you)選擇(ze)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)料(liao)，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)確(que)保(bao)(bao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，因此(ci)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)來講(jiang)，一(yi)定要(yao)加強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控力度(du)(du)。第(di)一(yi)，材(cai)料(liao)選購過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)關(guan)注材(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)及(ji)生(sheng)產廠家，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)材(cai)料(liao)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計方(fang)案中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準；第(di)二(er)，材(cai)料(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)場(chang)(chang)環節(jie)要(yao)嚴加管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控，所(suo)(suo)有(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)二(er)次確(que)認，并對(dui)(dui)材(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、規格、性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)抽檢(jian)；第(di)三，重(zhong)視材(cai)料(liao)倉儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，因為(wei)(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周期(qi)長、規模大(da)(da)，必定會存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)料(liao)，如(ru)(ru)果材(cai)料(liao)倉儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)失(shi)當(dang)，會影(ying)響(xiang)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而影(ying)響(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)[6]；第(di)四，要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)材(cai)料(liao)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間、環境符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)標(biao)準，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)況(kuang)，優選最合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。此(ci)外，路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備必不可(ke)少(shao)，這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)障工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)機(ji)械設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，必須(xu)在正式(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前(qian)做好(hao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備進(jin)(jin)(jin)場(chang)(chang)檢(jian)驗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)每臺設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)正常運(yun)轉，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做好(hao)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)維護工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，一(yi)旦發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備老化(hua)(hua)(hua)或線路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)問題(ti)，需(xu)要(yao)及(ji)時檢(jian)修，防(fang)止因為(wei)(wei)機(ji)械設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)隱患(huan)而影(ying)響(xiang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。2.2.2引(yin)入(ru)(ru)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)隨著(zhu)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)難度(du)(du)越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)，會遇到較以(yi)往更(geng)加復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，再(zai)加上路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期(qi)長，因此(ci)很難在短時間內發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。鑒于(yu)此(ci)，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)必須(xu)積極引(yin)入(ru)(ru)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，通過(guo)收集(ji)與(yu)分(fen)析路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)(ju)，做好(hao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作[7]。例如(ru)(ru)可(ke)以(yi)將物聯網技(ji)(ji)術(shu)應用(yong)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通過(guo)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置各類傳感器對(dui)(dui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、實時化(hua)(hua)(hua)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項(xiang)(xiang)參(can)數變化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)析。由技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人員(yuan)(yuan)討論(lun)，以(yi)采集(ji)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)為(wei)(wei)依據(ju)(ju)，對(dui)(dui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)及(ji)安全(quan)問題(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)診斷，然后實現(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝優化(hua)(hua)(hua)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)，如(ru)(ru)圖1所(suo)(suo)示(shi)。此(ci)外，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)應用(yong)無(wu)損(sun)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)稱為(wei)(wei)“無(wu)損(sun)”，是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠在不損(sun)害路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)及(ji)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，對(dui)(dui)各項(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)標(biao)參(can)數進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)數值判斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)特征。常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)損(sun)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)有(you)超聲波檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)、光纖傳感檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)等，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)如(ru)(ru)圖2所(suo)(suo)示(shi)。2.2.3做好(hao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)在路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)參(can)與(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)(yuan)眾多，不同(tong)(tong)(tong)環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)內容也(ye)有(you)所(suo)(suo)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)。因此(ci)，一(yi)定要(yao)依據(ju)(ju)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計方(fang)案與(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃，對(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)員(yuan)(yuan)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)員(yuan)(yuan)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)組(zu)織管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。首(shou)先，要(yao)依據(ju)(ju)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)求，對(dui)(dui)各分(fen)項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)負(fu)責人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力、業(ye)務素(su)養展(zhan)開審查，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)承擔崗位(wei)(wei)職責；其(qi)次，對(dui)(dui)所(suo)(suo)有(you)參(can)建(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)展(zhan)開技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、安全(quan)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓教育，提高(gao)團(tuan)隊(dui)領(ling)導力；最后，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)要(yao)求，完善規范(fan)、嚴謹(jin)、權責明晰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)團(tuan)隊(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)，在該項(xiang)(xiang)制(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)約束下(xia)，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠順利推進(jin)(jin)(jin)。綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)實踐來看，全(quan)生(sheng)命周期(qi)精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)法，尤其(qi)在公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)著(zhu)極高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)價值。具體來講(jiang)，便是(shi)(shi)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)乃(nai)至使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)生(sheng)命周期(qi)內，采用(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)手段對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、人員(yuan)(yuan)、資金等展(zhan)開精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，分(fen)階段、分(fen)批次比對(dui)(dui)預期(qi)數值與(yu)實時數據(ju)(ju)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而動態化(hua)(hua)(hua)調整管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)手段，有(you)利于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靈活應對(dui)(dui)各種(zhong)突發(fa)情(qing)況(kuang)[8]。在全(quan)生(sheng)命周期(qi)精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)做好(hao)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)識別、評估與(yu)把控工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)與(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)數據(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)析，判斷施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)概率存(cun)(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)，通過(guo)分(fen)析風(feng)險(xian)(xian)影(ying)響(xiang)因素(su)，制(zhi)定對(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)預警(jing)與(yu)控制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步降低施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概率。

3結語

公(gong)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)建設施(shi)工中，安(an)全(quan)和質量(liang)(liang)是(shi)核心管(guan)理(li)(li)內容。為了做好對(dui)公(gong)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)工項目的(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)質量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)，要(yao)明確當(dang)前(qian)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)安(an)全(quan)質量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)問題。本文(wen)針對(dui)路(lu)橋(qiao)施(shi)工安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)中存在(zai)的(de)常(chang)見(jian)問題，提出相應(ying)的(de)對(dui)策(ce)，旨在(zai)進一(yi)步提高路(lu)橋(qiao)工程的(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)質量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)實效。

參考文獻：

[1]王虎.試析公(gong)路橋梁施(shi)工(gong)中的(de)質量管理及控制[J].門窗,2017（12）：163.

[2]閆鵬(peng)飛.公路橋梁建設施工質量與(yu)安全管理[J].交通(tong)世界,2020（27）：16-17.

[3]張旭清.淺談公路橋梁建(jian)設(she)施(shi)工的質(zhi)量安全(quan)管理問題[J].中國建(jian)設(she)信息化,2017（20）：72-73.

[4]楊旭林.淺談(tan)公路橋梁施(shi)工中的質量控制措施(shi)[J].黑龍江(jiang)科(ke)技信息,2017（8）：191.

[5]梁海(hai)深(shen).公路橋(qiao)梁施工項(xiang)目管理的特點與方法研究[J].企(qi)業科技與發展,2020（2）：126-128.

[6]劉江培(pei).公路(lu)橋梁施工質(zhi)量(liang)控制技術[J].黑龍江交通科技,2019,42（4）：148-149.

[7]賈寧.高墩(dun)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術在高速公路橋梁(liang)施(shi)工(gong)中的應用[J].建筑技(ji)術開發,2021,48（8）：128-129.

[8]趙(zhao)朋欣.BIM技術在公路橋梁(liang)安全(quan)質量管理(li)中的(de)應(ying)用[J].交通(tong)世(shi)界,2020（24）：149-150.

作者：杜昱 單位：中(zhong)鐵第五勘(kan)察設(she)計院集團有(you)限公司工程(cheng)師