導語：預應(ying)力施工(gong)技術在公(gong)路橋梁工(gong)程的應(ying)用一文來源于網友上傳，不(bu)代表本(ben)站觀點，若(ruo)需要原創文章可咨詢客服老師，歡迎(ying)參(can)考。

摘要：公路橋梁工程是道路工程建設的制約性工程之一，而預應力施工技術極大(da)影響了(le)路橋(qiao)(qiao)建設質量(liang)。預應力(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)優化路橋(qiao)(qiao)性能(neng)(neng)、提(ti)高路橋(qiao)(qiao)質量(liang)、延長路橋(qiao)(qiao)壽命，在路橋(qiao)(qiao)鋼筋混(hun)凝土結(jie)構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、路橋(qiao)(qiao)加固工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、多跨連續橋(qiao)(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)領(ling)域有廣泛應用，但也存在未能(neng)(neng)嚴(yan)格(ge)落(luo)實施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)規定致使預應力(li)管道阻塞(sai)，受(shou)彈性模(mo)量(liang)影響混(hun)凝土收縮(suo)(suo)徐變，張力(li)控制不到位，道孔預留與(yu)結(jie)構(gou)件預留拉力(li)不足等(deng)問題。文章提(ti)出了(le)嚴(yan)格(ge)執行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)規定、控制施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)料(liao)，重(zhong)視混(hun)凝土收縮(suo)(suo)徐變、減少裂縫建材(cai)損耗，做(zuo)好受(shou)力(li)張力(li)的分(fen)析與(yu)控制，重(zhong)視預應力(li)道孔預留檢(jian)查(cha)、使結(jie)構(gou)件預留拉力(li)與(yu)需求相適應，嚴(yan)格(ge)控制水泥(ni)漿用量(liang)、添加劑含量(liang)與(yu)水量(liang)等(deng)建議。

關鍵詞：預應力施工技術；公路橋梁；道路工程

預應力施工技術(shu)以其工程機械重量小、穩定(ding)性能高、操作簡單、經濟成(cheng)本較低等(deng)優勢(shi)成(cheng)為我國(guo)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)建(jian)設中(zhong)不可或(huo)缺的施工技術(shu)，在我國(guo)道路(lu)(lu)工程中(zhong)得到大(da)規模(mo)應用(yong)。預應力施工技術(shu)運用(yong)于(yu)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)建(jian)設，能夠一定(ding)程度上優化路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)性能、提高路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)質(zhi)量、延長路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，提高路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)建(jian)設的安全性與穩定(ding)性，全面提升路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)經濟效益與社(she)會效益。

1預應力施工技術運用于路橋建造的特點

預應力混凝土施工技術概念最早是由法國工程師弗雷西奈（F.Freyssinet）提出的。隨著預應力施工技術的不斷進步，該項技術在我國公路橋梁建設中的應用越來越廣泛。預應力施工技術能夠改善原有施工結構，增加負荷承受量，防止路橋間出現裂縫。在道路工程中利用預應力施工技術可以防控公路橋梁建設出現的各種應力問題，提高公路橋梁的穩定性與實用性。另外，預應力施工技術抗滲透能力強、防拉裂性能高，在路橋建造過程中，能夠提升路橋的結構性能，減輕路橋材料基本負重，使預應力抵消外來超負荷力，延遲路橋開裂時間，增加其使用年限，延長其使用壽命[1]。應用于不同地形、不同地域等施工環境的預應力施工技術，在不同施工環境中有不同的表現，有的地方能夠發揮其優勢，有的地方則可能受到某種限制。我們要密切關注施工過程中出現的預應力問題，并及時修正、優化施工方案。我國幅員遼闊，地形地貌復雜，平原地區、高山丘陵地區、荒漠沙漠地區等地形地貌千差萬別，熱帶亞熱帶、寒中暖溫帶和特殊的青藏高寒區等溫差巨大，在這些施工環境中建設公路橋梁采取的預應力控制技術應因時因地制宜。施工中預應力施工技術一旦出現失誤，就必然帶來難以估量的損失，輕者造成建筑損耗，重者造成重大施工事故，因此在施工過程中一定要提高處理與控制預應力施工技術細節的能力[2]。在公路橋梁工程實踐中，發揮預應力施工技術優勢是工程質量控制的關鍵。在我國極為復雜的公路橋梁施工環境中，應用預(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)主要優勢有(you)：①我(wo)國公路(lu)(lu)(lu)選(xuan)(xuan)線選(xuan)(xuan)址、橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)型選(xuan)(xuan)擇等(deng)主要取決于(yu)自(zi)然地形和客觀需求，有(you)的(de)(de)筆直、有(you)的(de)(de)彎曲，有(you)的(de)(de)平坦、有(you)的(de)(de)起伏，這就為工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)提(ti)出了不同要求，而預(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)結(jie)構能夠(gou)最(zui)大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)保(bao)證公路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)結(jie)構穩(wen)定性(xing)，提(ti)高路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)使用的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)。②對于(yu)那些(xie)跨度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)長、張力(li)(li)結(jie)構較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)來說，預(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)能夠(gou)調整橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)結(jie)構的(de)(de)內力(li)(li)，提(ti)高路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)。③利用高密度(du)混凝土結(jie)構可以增強路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)抗壓(ya)性(xing)與抗張性(xing)，減輕路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)自(zi)身重量(liang)，從而延長公路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)使用壽命。

2預應力施工技術在我國公路橋梁工程施工中的應用

①預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)上的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。大(da)(da)型的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)經常會出現(xian)(xian)裂(lie)縫等(deng)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，此(ci)類問(wen)題(ti)(ti)多(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)穩定(ding)性(xing)差所(suo)致。在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)有效解決大(da)(da)型公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造或者使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)(da)裂(lie)縫問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，增(zeng)強路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)。預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，有助于(yu)保障路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)面質量，提(ti)高公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。②預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)加固(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。隨著道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)進步和路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設規模的(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)(da)，預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍越來(lai)越廣，不僅(jin)新建(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)廣泛運用(yong)(yong)(yong)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，而且在(zai)(zai)既有路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)加固(gu)(gu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)也越來(lai)越普遍。由(you)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)交通運輸壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)持續(xu)(xu)增(zeng)加，公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)生命周期內損(sun)毀情(qing)況不斷發(fa)生，公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)能(neng)面臨諸多(duo)(duo)(duo)挑戰(zhan)，對公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)狀況提(ti)出了更高的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。因此(ci)，要(yao)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)對公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)進行加固(gu)(gu)，最大(da)(da)限度(du)減少路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)損(sun)壞(huai)，提(ti)高路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)主體(ti)(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)強度(du)與(yu)承載力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)度(du)，延長公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。③預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)多(duo)(duo)(duo)跨(kua)(kua)連續(xu)(xu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)跨(kua)(kua)連續(xu)(xu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)間部(bu)分受力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)面積較小，整體(ti)(ti)重量較大(da)(da)，因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造與(yu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)跨(kua)(kua)連續(xu)(xu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)由(you)于(yu)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過大(da)(da)、張力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不足、抗(kang)壓(ya)性(xing)能(neng)比較差，容易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)損(sun)壞(huai)與(yu)坍(tan)(tan)塌現(xian)(xian)象[3]。在(zai)(zai)多(duo)(duo)(duo)跨(kua)(kua)連續(xu)(xu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)減少橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)整體(ti)(ti)尤其是橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)重量，緩解建(jian)(jian)(jian)造過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)張力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，增(zeng)強其受重能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，極大(da)(da)減少橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)裂(lie)縫、防止發(fa)生坍(tan)(tan)塌等(deng)現(xian)(xian)象，提(ti)高多(duo)(duo)(duo)跨(kua)(kua)連續(xu)(xu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)與(yu)安全(quan)性(xing)。

3預應力施工技術在公路橋梁施工中存在的主要問題和應對策略

3.1存在的(de)主要問(wen)題

我國(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浩大，按照(zhao)(zhao)2021年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院印發的(de)(de)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)綜合立(li)(li)體(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)網規劃(hua)綱(gang)要(yao)》的(de)(de)規劃(hua)，到2035年(nian)，僅國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)網、普通(tong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道網公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)就(jiu)將達(da)46萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)里左右。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)乃(nai)百年(nian)大計，只有建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高質量(liang)基礎上(shang)的(de)(de)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)才是(shi)符合交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)要(yao)求的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之一(yi)(yi)。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雖然(ran)已經廣泛應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)，但(dan)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造管道、建(jian)(jian)(jian)造張(zhang)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)造材料、建(jian)(jian)(jian)造標準等方面仍(reng)然(ran)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)系列問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，這(zhe)些問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)如果(guo)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到徹底解決，必將對公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)質量(liang)產(chan)(chan)生不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重沖擊公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性、安(an)全(quan)(quan)性。預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)有：①有的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格落實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規定，致使(shi)(shi)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)管道阻塞(sai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格遵守施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規范，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格落實(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規定，為趕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格按照(zhao)(zhao)規定進(jin)行混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)澆筑，從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)導(dao)致出(chu)現(xian)鋼管堵塞(sai)等問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)[4]。鋼管一(yi)(yi)旦堵塞(sai)，預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鋼筋(jin)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)夠順利從(cong)(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)過(guo)，拉(la)(la)伸效果(guo)就(jiu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到保(bao)(bao)障。在(zai)(zai)(zai)鋼筋(jin)拉(la)(la)伸過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)由于預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)孔道存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)缺(que)陷，就(jiu)有可(ke)能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)連接(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到位、鋼絞線堵塞(sai)、鋼絞線廢(fei)棄等現(xian)象(xiang)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)。②預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)受(shou)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)彈(dan)性模(mo)量(liang)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)而(er)(er)收縮徐變(bian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)因(yin)素很多，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)有兩個(ge)，一(yi)(yi)是(shi)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)收縮徐變(bian)，一(yi)(yi)是(shi)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)彈(dan)性模(mo)量(liang)。這(zhe)兩個(ge)因(yin)素會(hui)(hui)造成混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)鋼筋(jin)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)損耗，進(jin)而(er)(er)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)(hui)隨著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)展而(er)(er)破壞預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，導(dao)致混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)出(chu)現(xian)開(kai)裂，從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性與穩(wen)定性，甚至還會(hui)(hui)導(dao)致一(yi)(yi)系列預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、張(zhang)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)抗(kang)壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)等發生改變(bian)。③預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)張(zhang)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控制不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到位。在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，如果(guo)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)張(zhang)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控制效果(guo)達(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術(shu)規范要(yao)求，就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)對公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)產(chan)(chan)生一(yi)(yi)定影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。出(chu)現(xian)此類問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)，一(yi)(yi)是(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)主(zhu)觀上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重視，致使(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)張(zhang)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控制不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計標準，從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)降低了(le)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度(du)。二是(shi)受(shou)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)制約，無法達(da)到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)期，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)了(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效果(guo)[5]。④道孔預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)留(liu)(liu)與結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)留(liu)(liu)拉(la)(la)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)與公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，會(hui)(hui)有扁(bian)錨與扁(bian)錨連接(jie)(jie)器使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，有時(shi)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現(xian)扁(bian)錨張(zhang)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)，或(huo)者鋼絞線張(zhang)拉(la)(la)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)匯總受(shou)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均，出(chu)現(xian)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)留(liu)(liu)孔道加勁(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)現(xian)象(xiang)。另(ling)外(wai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現(xian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)留(liu)(liu)拉(la)(la)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)偏大或(huo)者偏小現(xian)象(xiang)，對整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)生一(yi)(yi)定不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。

3.2公(gong)路(lu)橋梁施工中預應力施工技(ji)術問題解決對策

①嚴(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規定，控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)材料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)發(fa)揮(hui)著(zhu)不(bu)(bu)可小(xiao)覷的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，但是隨著(zhu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)，一些始料(liao)(liao)未及的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)逐漸暴露出來。因此，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前，路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)管理(li)部門(men)就要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制定嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規定，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求建(jian)(jian)(jian)設單位嚴(yan)格(ge)按照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)章程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。同時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)各類施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)綜合素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)，確(que)保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員嚴(yan)格(ge)按照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規定作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業，杜絕施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)失誤。另外，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)材料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制，嚴(yan)把(ba)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑材料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關，確(que)保(bao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。②重(zhong)視(shi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)收縮徐變(bian)等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)視(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)收縮徐變(bian)，重(zhong)視(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)筋捆扎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，重(zhong)視(shi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構匯總預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，最大(da)(da)(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度減少路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)表(biao)面裂縫。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)受外界環境(jing)因素(su)如溫度、濕度影響(xiang)比較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)，因此，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)利用(yong)(yong)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)對混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，根(gen)據不(bu)(bu)同氣候環境(jing)和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設環境(jing)特點，嚴(yan)格(ge)遵守工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規范，優(you)化混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構，最大(da)(da)(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度實(shi)現路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)、安全(quan)性(xing)。③做好受力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)張力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)與(yu)(yu)控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。為(wei)了更加充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)我國公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)部門(men)與(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)受力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)、張力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)、張力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，減少張力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制不(bu)(bu)足所致的(de)(de)(de)(de)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)受阻。我們要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好張力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制與(yu)(yu)處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，滿足公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，掌握張力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)預測(ce)方法，減少張力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)失控(kong)情況(kuang)，提(ti)高(gao)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)與(yu)(yu)耐用(yong)(yong)性(xing)[6]。④重(zhong)視(shi)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)道(dao)孔(kong)預留檢查(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，使(shi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構件(jian)預留拉力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)需求相適(shi)應(ying)(ying)。在(zai)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)視(shi)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構中(zhong)道(dao)孔(kong)預留工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，做好道(dao)孔(kong)界面處檢查(cha)，道(dao)孔(kong)與(yu)(yu)灌漿(jiang)孔(kong)、排氣孔(kong)連接處檢查(cha)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構件(jian)預留拉力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)實(shi)際建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)需求相互適(shi)應(ying)(ying)，避免出現預留拉力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)偏(pian)大(da)(da)(da)或者偏(pian)小(xiao)等(deng)(deng)情況(kuang)，提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率。⑤嚴(yan)格(ge)控(kong)制水泥(ni)(ni)漿(jiang)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)、添加劑含量(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)水量(liang)(liang)。公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁建(jian)(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)離不(bu)(bu)開混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)與(yu)(yu)水泥(ni)(ni)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)整(zheng)體路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率，就應(ying)(ying)該嚴(yan)格(ge)控(kong)制水泥(ni)(ni)漿(jiang)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)、水量(liang)(liang)、添加劑含量(liang)(liang)，按照(zhao)標準比例(li)進(jin)行(xing)攪拌。

4結束語

綜上所述(shu)，在公(gong)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)建造過程(cheng)中必須(xu)重(zhong)視(shi)預應力(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術，提(ti)高公(gong)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)的穩定性、安全性，延(yan)長其使用壽命。要(yao)保障(zhang)預應力(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術能夠(gou)發揮應有的作用，就要(yao)嚴格遵行工(gong)(gong)藝規(gui)范，嚴格執行工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)標準，提(ti)高各類施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員專業素養。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理部門和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)都要(yao)高度重(zhong)視(shi)預應力(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術中存在的一系(xi)列問題(ti)，提(ti)高公(gong)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)建造質量。

參考文獻：

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作(zuo)者：李(li)濤 單位(wei)：安陽市公路事業發展中(zhong)心