導(dao)語：ＢＩＭ技術鐵路橋梁施工管理研(yan)究一文來源于(yu)網友(you)上傳，不(bu)代表本站觀(guan)點，若需要原(yuan)創文章可咨詢客服老師(shi)，歡迎(ying)參(can)考(kao)。

摘要：隨著我國鐵路橋梁工程建設的不斷發展，相關行業工作人員在工作過程中也在不斷創新工作模式，及時改進施工技術、學習先進的經驗以及技術，同時做好了施工質量管理等多方面工作，希望借此來有效提升鐵路橋梁施工質量，讓其得到更為良好的發展與進步。為了更好地促進我國鐵路橋梁施工管理質量得(de)以提升，基于ＢＩＭ技術(shu)的(de)鐵路橋梁施工管理及應用展開(kai)了探討。

關鍵詞：ＢＩＭ技術；鐵路橋梁；施工管理

１ＢＩＭ技術相關概述

１）可視(shi)化(hua)(hua)。ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)可視(shi)化(hua)(hua)特點(dian)主要表(biao)現為其能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠實(shi)現三(san)維(wei)(wei)化(hua)(hua)輸出，將(jiang)復雜的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖紙統一表(biao)達，可以(yi)更(geng)加直觀且準確(que)地(di)將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)構造以(yi)及形(xing)態信息(xi)有效表(biao)達出來，不(bu)僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠節約人工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)，而且能(neng)(neng)(neng)在很(hen)大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)信息(xi)準確(que)性，對(dui)于整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)質量(liang)與(yu)建(jian)設效率提(ti)升都(dou)起(qi)到(dao)(dao)一定的(de)(de)促進效果(guo)［１］。２）模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)性。ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在應用(yong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)在三(san)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)角(jiao)度對(dui)整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設情況(kuang)進行模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)，同時(shi)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進度計(ji)劃、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)借助模(mo)(mo)型計(ji)算(suan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)以(yi)及對(dui)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進入運營(ying)以(yi)及保修等(deng)(deng)多個(ge)(ge)階段進行模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)，從而更(geng)好地(di)把握整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)情況(kuang)，做好質量(liang)控制與(yu)管理［２］。３）優化(hua)(hua)性。ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在應用(yong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)構建(jian)出相應的(de)(de)三(san)維(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)信息(xi)模(mo)(mo)型，同時(shi)對(dui)混凝土構件(jian)的(de)(de)各種預埋(mai)件(jian)設計(ji)展開碰撞檢查，這樣能(neng)(neng)(neng)讓整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)達到(dao)(dao)最優。此(ci)外(wai)，ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在使用(yong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效解決鐵路(lu)橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)有可能(neng)(neng)(neng)出現的(de)(de)構筑(zhu)物侵入限等(deng)(deng)問題(ti)。４）可出圖性。考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)(dao)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)同參(can)(can)建(jian)方對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)信息(xi)有不(bu)一樣的(de)(de)需求，在應用(yong)ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)后可借助于三(san)維(wei)(wei)信息(xi)模(mo)(mo)型來幫(bang)助各個(ge)(ge)參(can)(can)建(jian)方獲得自己需要的(de)(de)信息(xi)，從而提(ti)升整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設的(de)(de)準確(que)性。

２鐵路橋梁施工質量影響因素

２．１施工規劃

在(zai)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，若對施工(gong)材料性(xing)能以及參(can)數沒有形成良好(hao)把握會(hui)(hui)(hui)出現細(xi)節失誤；此外，假設在(zai)施工(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，沒有事先規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)施工(gong)環節銜接以及具(ju)體問題處理措施，整個施工(gong)進度、質(zhi)量(liang)控制效果也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)受(shou)到影響。簡而言之，施工(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)不僅會(hui)(hui)(hui)直(zhi)接影響施工(gong)效率，而且會(hui)(hui)(hui)對施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)造成顯(xian)著(zhu)影響，所以在(zai)鐵路橋梁施工(gong)管(guan)理時(shi)要做好(hao)施工(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，合(he)理規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)整個工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)難度。

２．２施工驗收(shou)與評價

在鐵路橋梁施工管(guan)(guan)理(li)過程(cheng)中，施工驗收(shou)與評價也(ye)是(shi)對管(guan)(guan)理(li)質(zhi)量(liang)造成影(ying)響(xiang)的重(zhong)要部分(fen)，在工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)過程(cheng)中，為(wei)了發揮出施工驗收(shou)以(yi)及質(zhi)量(liang)評價的價值(zhi)，通常需要構建完整的評價體(ti)系，而(er)且必須明確其中的評價項目(mu)，細化評價指標，這樣(yang)才能保(bao)證驗收(shou)質(zhi)量(liang)，從而(er)最大程(cheng)度(du)保(bao)障鐵路橋梁工程(cheng)施工管(guan)(guan)理(li)效率(lv)和質(zhi)量(liang)。

３ＢＩＭ技術在鐵路橋梁工程鋼梁制造及建設管理中的應用

３．１在鋼梁制造中的應用

１）桿(gan)(gan)件管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)橋梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)ＢＩＭ技術(shu)(shu)(shu)通常(chang)需(xu)要構(gou)(gou)建(jian)出(chu)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)桿(gan)(gan)件管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)則可以(yi)借(jie)助(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)(xing)碼(ma)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)命周(zhou)期(qi)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)體而(er)(er)言從出(chu)廠開(kai)始整個(ge)鋼(gang)(gang)構(gou)(gou)件都有其專屬的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)識條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)(xing)碼(ma)，其與(yu)ＢＩＭ模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)對應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)關系，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)(xiang)關人員在(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)時(shi)可直(zhi)接(jie)借(jie)助(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)(xing)碼(ma)掃描來(lai)(lai)(lai)獲(huo)得桿(gan)(gan)件信息(xi)(xi)，包括時(shi)間(jian)、位置、技術(shu)(shu)(shu)參(can)數(shu)(shu)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求等，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)就能(neng)(neng)(neng)準確判斷出(chu)桿(gan)(gan)件能(neng)(neng)(neng)否滿足拼(pin)(pin)裝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求，然后強化(hua)(hua)(hua)桿(gan)(gan)件管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。２）板材(cai)套料。板材(cai)面(mian)積使(shi)用(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上(shang)決定板材(cai)利用(yong)效(xiao)率，在(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)橋梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，鋼(gang)(gang)梁(liang)制(zhi)造(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)板材(cai)消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝是(shi)否科學是(shi)十分(fen)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)借(jie)助(zhu)ＢＩＭ模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)可對材(cai)料信息(xi)(xi)、三(san)維空間(jian)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)成良好的(de)(de)(de)把(ba)握，然后基于此制(zhi)定出(chu)恰當的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案，并且(qie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)套料之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)借(jie)助(zhu)計(ji)算(suan)機技術(shu)(shu)(shu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)減少(shao)板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)大程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上(shang)減少(shao)剩(sheng)余(yu)殘料引發的(de)(de)(de)損耗(hao)(hao)(hao)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也是(shi)提升(sheng)板材(cai)使(shi)用(yong)效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要方(fang)法，能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上(shang)節(jie)(jie)約成本，提高經濟效(xiao)益。３）鐵(tie)路(lu)鋼(gang)(gang)梁(liang)制(zhi)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)(hua)。基于ＢＩＭ技術(shu)(shu)(shu)協同設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基礎能(neng)(neng)(neng)很(hen)好地創造(zao)設計(ji)出(chu)與(yu)制(zhi)造(zao)協同的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行模(mo)(mo)式，同時(shi)覆蓋市(shi)場、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、設計(ji)、生(sheng)(sheng)產以(yi)及質量監控等多個(ge)環節(jie)(jie)，將ＢＩＭ模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)據信息(xi)(xi)與(yu)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)機床對接(jie)起來(lai)(lai)(lai)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)候數(shu)(shu)據模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)為數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)機床的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作命令代(dai)碼(ma)，減少(shao)因(yin)為人工(gong)(gong)(gong)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)失(shi)誤，進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步提升(sheng)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)造(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)精準性(xing)。４）鋼(gang)(gang)構(gou)(gou)件數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)預(yu)拼(pin)(pin)裝。鐵(tie)路(lu)橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)構(gou)(gou)件通常(chang)較為復雜，而(er)(er)且(qie)制(zhi)造(zao)精度(du)較高，構(gou)(gou)件之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)需(xu)要具(ju)(ju)(ju)備較強的(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)關系，所以(yi)通常(chang)借(jie)助(zhu)預(yu)拼(pin)(pin)裝才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)更好地滿足施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現狀(zhuang)實(shi)(shi)際訴求，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，ＢＩＭ技術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)實(shi)(shi)現數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)預(yu)拼(pin)(pin)裝，而(er)(er)且(qie)不會受(shou)到各方(fang)面(mian)因(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有十分(fen)明顯的(de)(de)(de)優勢。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，使(shi)用(yong)三(san)維數(shu)(shu)字(zi)攝影預(yu)測、掃描桿(gan)(gan)件尺寸，然后基于此來(lai)(lai)(lai)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)，并且(qie)將模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)放置于三(san)維坐標(biao)系統之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)實(shi)(shi)現虛擬(ni)裝配，之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后檢查各個(ge)連接(jie)點位置、孔(kong)距(ju)、間(jian)隙、釘(ding)孔(kong)重(zhong)合率，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)就能(neng)(neng)(neng)很(hen)好地實(shi)(shi)現數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)預(yu)拼(pin)(pin)裝，為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順利實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)打好基礎。

３．２建設管(guan)理中(zhong)的應用(yong)

１）可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)視化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)底。ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)視化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)底是(shi)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)十分(fen)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)，傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)在實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因為二(er)維圖(tu)紙(zhi)受到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制較多(duo)(duo)，圖(tu)紙(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)、意圖(tu)只能(neng)依賴(lai)文字(zi)、繪圖(tu)來實現(xian)(xian)，不(bu)同(tong)專業人員對圖(tu)紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)解也(ye)會出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)差(cha)異，這時(shi)(shi)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計圖(tu)紙(zhi)很(hen)有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)誤讀(du)。應(ying)用(yong)(yong)ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)構建出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據模型(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)且模型(xing)(xing)具有(you)(you)立體化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)視化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、全(quan)視角等(deng)(deng)特征(zheng)，優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)視化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)底方式(shi)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)借助視頻、指導書、三維立體示意圖(tu)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)種形式(shi)呈現(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)來。２）進(jin)(jin)度(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在應(ying)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)夠(gou)將整個(ge)(ge)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)、計劃(hua)以(yi)(yi)及氣體參數(shu)屬(shu)性(xing)結合(he)在一(yi)(yi)起(qi)并且構建出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)４Ｄ模型(xing)(xing)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)直(zhi)接觀察(cha)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)及完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度(du)，從(cong)而(er)(er)很(hen)好(hao)(hao)地(di)把(ba)握計劃(hua)與(yu)執行(xing)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏差(cha)，然后基(ji)于實際情況調整與(yu)修(xiu)正，把(ba)握好(hao)(hao)整個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)。３）成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)(shi)間進(jin)(jin)度(du)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)與(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)造價信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)集合(he)在一(yi)(yi)起(qi)構建出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)五維建筑信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)模型(xing)(xing)，該模型(xing)(xing)能(neng)夠(gou)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)、進(jin)(jin)度(du)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)以(yi)(yi)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)等(deng)(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)呈現(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)來，相(xiang)關(guan)人員可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)基(ji)于此對整個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)統(tong)(tong)計，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)模擬出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)動(dong)態，做好(hao)(hao)整個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)造價實時(shi)(shi)監控(kong)。４）材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在應(ying)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)提升材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)與(yu)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)會直(zhi)接對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)影響(xiang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法規明確(que)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，一(yi)(yi)定要合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)整理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)相(xiang)關(guan)資料(liao)(liao)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)將其與(yu)樣品一(yi)(yi)同(tong)交(jiao)(jiao)由(you)監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)單位審核(he)。ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)夠(gou)將整個(ge)(ge)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)完(wan)(wan)整且準確(que)地(di)記錄于模型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，而(er)(er)且將其關(guan)聯到(dao)(dao)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構件(jian)部位，這不(bu)僅能(neng)夠(gou)保障施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性(xing)，而(er)(er)且便于相(xiang)關(guan)人員查(cha)閱，從(cong)而(er)(er)提升整個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。５）施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。基(ji)于ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)還能(neng)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，具體而(er)(er)言將整個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)實際情況與(yu)ＢＩＭ模型(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)對比分(fen)析，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)自動(dong)生成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)檢(jian)查(cha)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)關(guan)聯到(dao)(dao)構件(jian)，這對于后續質(zhi)量(liang)復查(cha)也(ye)能(neng)提供良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便利(li)。尤其是(shi)對于施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)結構復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，要詳細記錄整個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具體內(nei)容，合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)使用(yong)(yong)結構化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ＢＩＭ數(shu)據，這樣才能(neng)確(que)保施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。６）施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。基(ji)于ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)夠(gou)提前構建出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預警機制，對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)風險進(jin)(jin)行(xing)動(dong)態監測以(yi)(yi)及施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)模擬，再使用(yong)(yong)針對性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，從(cong)而(er)(er)減(jian)少安全(quan)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。

４ＢＩＭ技術在鐵路橋梁施工中的應用

４．１在工程規劃(hua)與決策階段中(zhong)的應用(yong)

在橋(qiao)(qiao)梁建(jian)設初(chu)期，建(jian)設單位通常需要快(kuai)速展開評估(gu)或者簡易規劃，具體(ti)包含(han)場地(di)(di)選址分(fen)析(xi)、環境(jing)影響評估(gu)以及方案(an)論證幾個方面，借助ＢＩＭ技術能夠迅速構(gou)建(jian)出地(di)(di)鐵橋(qiao)(qiao)梁評估(gu)模型(xing)，對橋(qiao)(qiao)梁整體(ti)進行分(fen)析(xi)，同時設定基地(di)(di)經緯位置、橋(qiao)(qiao)梁類型(xing)信息，構(gou)建(jian)出周(zhou)邊環境(jing)模型(xing)，合(he)理(li)把握(wo)道(dao)路、植栽、地(di)(di)形、開放空間配置等。

４．２在工程設(she)計(ji)階段中的應用(yong)

１）參數(shu)化(hua)建模(mo)。基(ji)于ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)還需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段進(jin)行(xing)(xing)參數(shu)化(hua)建模(mo)，在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)以按照橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)局部構(gou)件(jian)在(zai)(zai)空間造(zao)型上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相似程度進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析，再(zai)借(jie)(jie)(jie)助“骨架(jia)＋模(mo)板”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)構(gou)建整(zheng)(zheng)個橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三維模(mo)型，以搭積木的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)逐漸完善橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)整(zheng)(zheng)體模(mo)型。在(zai)(zai)相同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積木構(gou)建過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，則可(ke)(ke)以創(chuang)建出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)個通用(yong)模(mo)板，之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)模(mo)板之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)設(she)(she)(she)置距(ju)離、尺(chi)(chi)(chi)寸、材質(zhi)以及(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)性等屬性，然后(hou)借(jie)(jie)(jie)助對(dui)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)寸以及(ji)(ji)材料屬性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修改迅速(su)構(gou)建出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)形狀相似、尺(chi)(chi)(chi)寸不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、材質(zhi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)局部構(gou)件(jian)，以此(ci)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)鐵路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順利開(kai)展(zhan)打好(hao)(hao)基(ji)礎。２）協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。基(ji)于ＢＩＭ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)以下方(fang)面：首先，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)專業之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ＢＩＭ協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；其(qi)次，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)專業相互之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ＢＩＭ協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；最后(hou)，設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ＢＩＭ協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。此(ci)外，考慮到(dao)協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)方(fang)式(shi)本身十(shi)分(fen)(fen)多樣，可(ke)(ke)以在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)使用(yong)文件(jian)集成協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、文件(jian)鏈接協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或者中(zhong)心(xin)文件(jian)協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等方(fang)式(shi)。３）碰(peng)(peng)撞檢查(cha)。基(ji)于ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)還需(xu)要(yao)(yao)做好(hao)(hao)碰(peng)(peng)撞檢查(cha)，這(zhe)樣才能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)升施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。目前橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程碰(peng)(peng)撞主要(yao)(yao)有(you)以下幾種：①普(pu)通鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)與(yu)(yu)普(pu)通鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碰(peng)(peng)撞沖突(tu)(tu)；②普(pu)通鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)與(yu)(yu)預應力管道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖突(tu)(tu)；③各(ge)類鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)與(yu)(yu)預埋支撐架(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碰(peng)(peng)撞沖突(tu)(tu)；第四，支架(jia)桿件(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碰(peng)(peng)撞沖突(tu)(tu)等。對(dui)于上(shang)(shang)述碰(peng)(peng)撞沖突(tu)(tu)，可(ke)(ke)以借(jie)(jie)(jie)助ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)來對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢查(cha)，之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)結合實際情況調整(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)修改，確保模(mo)型不(bu)(bu)再(zai)有(you)沖突(tu)(tu)。４）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程量(liang)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)。借(jie)(jie)(jie)助ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)來輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程量(liang)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)很大程度上(shang)(shang)降低整(zheng)(zheng)個計(ji)(ji)算(suan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)強(qiang)度，在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)先借(jie)(jie)(jie)助軟件(jian)自動統計(ji)(ji)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)來計(ji)(ji)算(suan)，然后(hou)基(ji)于相關數(shu)據及(ji)(ji)時調整(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)優(you)化(hua)。５）二(er)維出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)圖(tu)。ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)應用(yong)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)很大程度上(shang)(shang)提(ti)高生成二(er)維視圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)圖(tu)效(xiao)率。傳統二(er)維平面出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)圖(tu)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)滿(man)足(zu)一(yi)些簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)，可(ke)(ke)是在(zai)(zai)社會不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)下，鐵路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)也(ye)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)升，這(zhe)個時候(hou)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)空間造(zao)型以及(ji)(ji)局部構(gou)件(jian)復雜(za)程度也(ye)有(you)了明顯提(ti)升，二(er)維平面圖(tu)無法滿(man)足(zu)現如(ru)今橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)構(gou)件(jian)空間造(zao)型訴求(qiu)。而ＢＩＭ技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)應用(yong)可(ke)(ke)以在(zai)(zai)完成三維建模(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)直(zhi)接出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)圖(tu)，從而有(you)效(xiao)減少工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)。

４．３在工程施工階段中(zhong)的(de)應用

１）三(san)維(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)底。ＢＩＭ技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)應用能(neng)(neng)以(yi)動畫形(xing)式(shi)將整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案進(jin)行(xing)動態化(hua)演(yan)示，同時(shi)將施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案數據以(yi)及信(xin)息以(yi)模型的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)呈現(xian)出(chu)(chu)來，這種三(san)維(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)底的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)讓(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員更(geng)加直觀地(di)了(le)解自身(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)范圍和(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)要求，同時(shi)便(bian)于之后的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，從(cong)(cong)而最大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)實(shi)現(xian)整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與質(zhi)量(liang)提(ti)升。２）施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模擬。ＢＩＭ技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)應用過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)模擬，能(neng)(neng)良好把握整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料(liao)應用等內容，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員也能(neng)(neng)從(cong)(cong)復雜(za)抽象的(de)(de)圖(tu)表中(zhong)及時(shi)解放(fang)出(chu)(chu)來，并且(qie)對(dui)整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)重難(nan)點(dian)形(xing)成有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)預測和(he)解決，優化(hua)整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案、合理(li)(li)把控可能(neng)(neng)存在(zai)的(de)(de)沖突與問(wen)題，從(cong)(cong)而為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)(xiao)率提(ti)升、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)質(zhi)量(liang)提(ti)升打好基(ji)礎。３）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)的(de)(de)重點(dian)，基(ji)于ＢＩＭ技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)依賴于信(xin)息流轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)增(zeng)強來提(ti)升質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)效(xiao)(xiao)率，同時(shi)保(bao)證質(zhi)量(liang)信(xin)息的(de)(de)完整(zheng)(zheng)性，讓(rang)信(xin)息傳遞變得更(geng)加及時(shi)且(qie)準確(que)，進(jin)而更(geng)好地(di)把握工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)［３］。４）物料(liao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。傳統物料(liao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式(shi)大多交(jiao)由相關人員實(shi)地(di)負責，但(dan)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場本身(shen)十分多樣，所以(yi)加大了(le)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)難(nan)度(du)，很容易引(yin)發現(xian)場擠壓、延誤(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期等情況。ＢＩＭ技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)應用則(ze)能(neng)(neng)很好地(di)解決上(shang)述問(wen)題，其作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一種信(xin)息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)將整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)信(xin)息有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)整(zheng)(zheng)合在(zai)一起，并且(qie)以(yi)三(san)維(wei)模型的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)呈現(xian)出(chu)(chu)來，然后很好地(di)把握施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)需要使(shi)用到的(de)(de)物料(liao)，從(cong)(cong)而進(jin)行(xing)合理(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。

４．４在工程(cheng)運營維護階段(duan)中(zhong)的應用

項目(mu)建成之后(hou)，運營維護階段的管理(li)也(ye)十分重(zhong)要，基(ji)于(yu)ＢＩＭ技術的運用(yong)管理(li)能夠從依(yi)照物理(li)設施構(gou)建的可視化、精準的虛(xu)擬模(mo)型中有效檢索信(xin)息，然后(hou)基(ji)于(yu)相關信(xin)息來制定出科學且(qie)合理(li)的維護方案，同時做好定期維護，提高工程質量和使用(yong)壽命。

５結束語

在鐵(tie)路橋梁(liang)施工(gong)過(guo)程中，傳(chuan)統(tong)施工(gong)管理(li)方式明顯具有較大局限(xian)性(xing)，在建筑行業信息(xi)化技術不(bu)斷(duan)發展的(de)時代背景之(zhi)下，ＢＩＭ技術受(shou)到(dao)(dao)的(de)關注度也(ye)在不(bu)斷(duan)提升(sheng)，將其(qi)應用(yong)于鐵(tie)路橋梁(liang)施工(gong)管理(li)之(zhi)中能夠起到(dao)(dao)良(liang)好的(de)管理(li)效果(guo)，有效解決(jue)傳(chuan)統(tong)施工(gong)管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)中存在的(de)各個(ge)專業無法有效溝通與配合(he)的(de)局限(xian)性(xing)，同時對(dui)整個(ge)工(gong)程項目(mu)建設(she)起到(dao)(dao)信息(xi)化、可視化管理(li)的(de)效果(guo)，從而最大程度保障施工(gong)質量信息(xi)的(de)完整性(xing)與準確(que)性(xing)，促進工(gong)程項目(mu)施工(gong)質量得到(dao)(dao)提升(sheng)。

參考文獻：

［１］劉彬．ＢＩＭ技術在高速鐵路斜拉(la)橋施工(gong)中的應用(yong)［Ｊ］．建筑安全，２０１９，３４（１）：２７－２９．

［２］李發軍．基于ＢＩＭ技術的鐵路橋梁施工管理及應用研究［Ｄ］．石家莊：石家莊鐵道大學，２０１９．

［３］馬文卓(zhuo)，董娜．ＢＩＭ在(zai)施工管(guan)理中的應用研究［Ｊ］．工程(cheng)經濟，２０１７，２７（１）：５３－５５．

作者(zhe)：劉家富(fu) 單(dan)位：北京鐵研建設監理有限責任公司