道路橋梁施工質量通病及改進措施
時間:2022-07-21 11:20:40
導語:道(dao)路(lu)橋梁(liang)施工質量通(tong)病及改(gai)進措(cuo)施一文來源于網友上傳,不代表本站觀點,若需要原(yuan)創文章可咨詢客服老(lao)師,歡迎參考。
摘要:隨著近年來我國人口基數的膨脹以及現代化建設速度的加快,市場對于道路橋梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)需求(qiu)量越(yue)來越(yue)大(da),對(dui)于其質量的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)也越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)。道路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)在(zai)實際施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中所(suo)涉及的(de)內容和環(huan)節相(xiang)對(dui)來說(shuo)較為復雜,對(dui)于其最終質量造成影響的(de)因素也較多。現階段(duan),我(wo)國(guo)相(xiang)關(guan)人員在(zai)進(jin)行道路橋(qiao)梁施工(gong)(gong)時(shi)仍然(ran)存在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)較為普遍(bian)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),將對(dui)其進(jin)行深(shen)入分析,同時(shi)提(ti)(ti)出引起相(xiang)應問(wen)題(ti)的(de)具體(ti)原(yuan)因,在(zai)此基礎之上(shang)結合實際情況提(ti)(ti)出針對(dui)性解(jie)決(jue)措施,以期提(ti)(ti)高(gao)道路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體(ti)質量。
對(dui)道路(lu)(lu)橋梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最終(zhong)整體質(zhi)量造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)影響(xiang)的因(yin)素相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)來說較為復雜(za),不論是(shi)外在(zai)因(yin)素影響(xiang)還是(shi)內部(bu)因(yin)素,都(dou)有(you)(you)可(ke)能造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)道路(lu)(lu)橋梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最終(zhong)整體質(zhi)量無法滿足(zu)市場要求(qiu)。道路(lu)(lu)橋梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的質(zhi)量對(dui)我國社(she)會是(shi)否能夠和(he)諧(xie)穩(wen)定運(yun)行(xing)有(you)(you)直(zhi)接影響(xiang),因(yin)此(ci)需要相(xiang)(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員充分重(zhong)視。道路(lu)(lu)橋梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本身(shen)就是(shi)我國社(she)會運(yun)行(xing)的重(zhong)要組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)分且其規模相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較大,因(yin)此(ci)如果道路(lu)(lu)橋梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量無法達標,或者在(zai)后(hou)期出現嚴(yan)重(zhong)問題,那么極(ji)有(you)(you)可(ke)能造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不良(liang)影響(xiang),嚴(yan)重(zhong)時甚至(zhi)對(dui)社(she)會的和(he)諧(xie)穩(wen)定造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一定程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度的破壞。
1道路橋梁施工質量通病
1.1橋梁裂縫
橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)是目前我國道路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)施工(gong)中最(zui)常(chang)(chang)見的(de)問(wen)題(ti)之一(yi),其對(dui)道路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)質量造成(cheng)嚴重(zhong)影響,使道路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)無法(fa)(fa)保證(zheng)其整體質量和安全(quan)性(xing)。通常(chang)(chang)來說會發(fa)生(sheng)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng),主(zhu)要(yao)是由(you)于混凝土(tu)(tu)這一(yi)建設材料發(fa)生(sheng)了裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)問(wen)題(ti)。導致混凝土(tu)(tu)材料發(fa)生(sheng)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)原因(yin)相對(dui)來說較為復(fu)雜,但不論是哪種原因(yin)引(yin)起了橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng),其造成(cheng)的(de)后果都是較為嚴重(zhong)且惡(e)劣(lie)的(de)。因(yin)此,相關人(ren)員需要(yao)充分重(zhong)視橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)問(wen)題(ti),對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)原因(yin)以及其解(jie)決辦法(fa)(fa)有全(quan)面(mian)的(de)了解(jie)。在(zai)實(shi)際施工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)當(dang)中,結(jie)合實(shi)際情況采(cai)取相應(ying)措施,避免橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng),在(zai)后期道路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)應(ying)用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中如果發(fa)生(sheng)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)問(wen)題(ti),則需要(yao)第一(yi)時間(jian)對(dui)其進行(xing)解(jie)決,實(shi)現道路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)穩定運行(xing)。
1.2路面接縫
路(lu)面接(jie)縫是道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁施工(gong)的(de)重要組成部分,其對道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁整(zheng)體質量(liang)造成直接(jie)影響,據相關(guan)工(gong)作人員(yuan)調查,發現(xian)目(mu)前我國多數橋(qiao)梁工(gong)程中(zhong)都存在(zai)路(lu)面接(jie)縫問題(ti),因此路(lu)面接(jie)縫問題(ti)需要引起相關(guan)人員(yuan)的(de)重視。通(tong)常在(zai)道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁實際施工(gong)過程當(dang)中(zhong)會進行排水管道(dao)的(de)預留,這(zhe)為雨水井(jing)和檢查井(jing)等(deng)提(ti)供空間。在(zai)寬度(du)比較(jiao)小的(de)道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁中(zhong),往(wang)往(wang)并沒有給井(jing)道(dao)施工(gong)提(ti)供充足(zu)空間,在(zai)井(jing)道(dao)和路(lu)面銜接(jie)的(de)層面上出現(xian)了坍塌的(de)情況下,就(jiu)會發生道(dao)路(lu)路(lu)面不平整(zheng)。
1.3鋼筋銹蝕
鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)重要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料,鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)質量對于道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)質量有直接影(ying)響(xiang),想要(yao)保(bao)證道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量能(neng)夠滿(man)足市場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu),就必須(xu)保(bao)證鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)各方面工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作性能(neng)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)相(xiang)符。鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)一旦(dan)發生銹蝕(shi)(shi),那么會(hui)對整(zheng)個道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造成嚴重影(ying)響(xiang),很大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上會(hui)縮短道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)使用壽命(ming),而(er)(er)現階段(duan)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)銹蝕(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我國道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)常見的(de)問題之一,這主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于外在因素影(ying)響(xiang)以及鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)本身(shen)質量較差引起的(de)。導致鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)發生銹蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)因素相(xiang)對來說較為復(fu)雜,需(xu)要(yao)采(cai)取相(xiang)應措施(shi)盡(jin)量降(jiang)低鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)銹蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)概率(lv),從而(er)(er)提升道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量。
2道路橋梁施工質量通病的具體原因分析
由于道(dao)路橋梁(liang)工程(cheng)本身規(gui)模相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較大,施工周期較長(chang),因此對(dui)其(qi)整體質(zhi)量(liang)造成影響的(de)因素相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)來說較為復雜,想(xiang)要(yao)避(bi)免(mian)道(dao)路橋梁(liang)發生故障,提升道(dao)路橋梁(liang)工程(cheng)整體質(zhi)量(liang),需要(yao)相(xiang)(xiang)關工作人員對(dui)于引(yin)起(qi)道(dao)路橋梁(liang)故障的(de)因素進行全面(mian)分析,然后從源頭上對(dui)其(qi)進行解決(jue)。
2.1出現裂縫的原因(yin)
裂縫(feng)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)道路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)主要(yao)問(wen)題(ti)之(zhi)一,引起(qi)橋(qiao)梁裂縫(feng)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因相對(dui)(dui)來說(shuo)較為復雜,以下將對(dui)(dui)其進行簡要(yao)分(fen)析:一是(shi)溫(wen)度因素,混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土具(ju)有(you)較強的(de)(de)熱(re)脹冷縮性,雖然在一定程度上(shang)可(ke)以利用熱(re)脹冷縮提升(sheng)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土質(zhi)量(liang),但(dan)是(shi)在更(geng)多(duo)時(shi)候混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土會由于溫(wen)度的(de)(de)急劇變化而(er)發生膨(peng)脹,且養護(hu)不(bu)及時(shi),從而(er)導致(zhi)出(chu)現裂縫(feng);二是(shi)振搗(dao)(dao)因素,想要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土結(jie)構的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang),在實(shi)際進行應(ying)用之(zhi)前,通常(chang)(chang)需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)其進行振搗(dao)(dao)以提升(sheng)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土結(jie)構的(de)(de)整體(ti)硬(ying)度,混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土振搗(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)所涉及的(de)(de)內(nei)容和環節(jie)相對(dui)(dui)較多(duo)且其施工(gong)(gong)難度高(gao),在對(dui)(dui)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土進行振搗(dao)(dao)時(shi),如果不(bu)能(neng)對(dui)(dui)振搗(dao)(dao)流(liu)程進行合理(li)控制,混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土后(hou)期無法分(fen)布均勻,那(nei)么就無法保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土結(jie)構的(de)(de)整體(ti)硬(ying)度,從而(er)導致(zhi)道路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程發生裂縫(feng);三是(shi)預應(ying)力施工(gong)(gong)因素,想要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)橋(qiao)梁的(de)(de)承載力達(da)到市場需(xu)求,那(nei)么就需(xu)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)施工(gong)(gong)過程中具(ju)有(you)充足的(de)(de)預應(ying)力,如果無法結(jie)合實(shi)際情況,合理(li)進行預應(ying)力施工(gong)(gong),就會使道路橋(qiao)梁出(chu)現裂縫(feng)問(wen)題(ti)。
2.2路基質量通(tong)病原(yuan)因
對路(lu)基(ji)最終(zhong)質(zhi)量造成影響的(de)因(yin)素較多,想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證路(lu)基(ji)最終(zhong)整(zheng)體質(zhi)量符合工程(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)(yao)求,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)相關工作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)工過程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)各項環(huan)節都(dou)是嚴格(ge)按照規定流程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)的(de)。路(lu)基(ji)質(zhi)量方面的(de)主要(yao)(yao)原因(yin)就是相關工作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)在進行(xing)路(lu)基(ji)施(shi)(shi)工時對于道路(lu)排水(shui)的(de)重視程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)不足,因(yin)此導致(zhi)后期路(lu)基(ji)無法(fa)通(tong)暢地(di)進行(xing)排水(shui)。路(lu)基(ji)邊坡滑坡問(wen)題(ti)是路(lu)基(ji)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)問(wen)題(ti)之一,相關工作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)充分(fen)重視,密切關注具體的(de)施(shi)(shi)工要(yao)(yao)求以及(ji)其變動,合理(li)開展路(lu)基(ji)填筑(zhu)壓(ya)實(shi)工作(zuo)。
2.3瀝青質量通病原因
現階段,我(wo)國道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中常見的(de)(de)(de)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)質量問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)包括(kuo)縱(zong)向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)以及(ji)橫向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)兩種類型,不同的(de)(de)(de)原因造成(cheng)(cheng)不同的(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti),而不同的(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti),會對(dui)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造成(cheng)(cheng)不同程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。目前,我(wo)國道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中出(chu)現瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)縱(zong)向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)的(de)(de)(de)主要原因就是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)際施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中相關(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員沒有合(he)理應(ying)(ying)用(yong)縱(zong)向(xiang)混合(he)材料(liao),在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行攤鋪施工(gong)(gong)時沒有嚴格按照規定(ding)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行,導致其(qi)接縫(feng)緊(jin)密性(xing)嚴重(zhong)不足。隨著時間的(de)(de)(de)推移(yi),瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)力(li)會增加(jia),在(zai)(zai)(zai)應(ying)(ying)力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)下,瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面會出(chu)現縱(zong)向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。相對(dui)于縱(zong)向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)來說,引起瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面出(chu)現橫向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)的(de)(de)(de)主要原因是(shi)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面的(de)(de)(de)溫度下降過(guo)于嚴重(zhong),瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面的(de)(de)(de)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)材料(liao)會在(zai)(zai)(zai)溫度急劇下降時出(chu)現收縮(suo)變(bian)形,較大的(de)(de)(de)收縮(suo)拉力(li)會導致變(bian)硬且變(bian)脆(cui)了的(de)(de)(de)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)材料(liao)發生相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)拉裂(lie)(lie)(lie)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。
相關工作人員(yuan)需要結合實際情(qing)況采(cai)取相應措施,對(dui)影響道路橋梁質量的(de)因素(su)進行全(quan)面分析,同時(shi)在此基(ji)礎之上(shang)提出針對(dui)性的(de)解決措施,從而提升道路橋梁整(zheng)體施工質量,充(chong)分發(fa)揮出道路橋梁工程在社會發(fa)展中(zhong)的(de)重(zhong)要作用。
3.1強(qiang)化常見病害預(yu)防
在道路橋梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong),有些病(bing)害是比較(jiao)常見(jian)的(de)(de),對于這些常見(jian)病(bing)害來(lai)說(shuo),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)相關(guan)人(ren)員在實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)發生(sheng)病(bing)害之前就采(cai)取針(zhen)對性(xing)的(de)(de)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)對其(qi)進(jin)行預防,避免后期(qi)發生(sheng)常見(jian)病(bing)害,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)可以(yi)(yi)從以(yi)(yi)下幾方面(mian)(mian)進(jin)行:首先,道路橋梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)環節(jie)相對較(jiao)多(duo),想要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)質量(liang),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)從基層入手,一方面(mian)(mian)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)混(hun)凝土的(de)(de)厚度以(yi)(yi)及混(hun)凝土材(cai)料的(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)含水(shui)量(liang),保(bao)證(zheng)其(qi)各方面(mian)(mian)數據與工(gong)程(cheng)需(xu)(xu)求相符,另一方面(mian)(mian)在基層內部受到觸壓(ya)后采(cai)取相應(ying)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)對其(qi)進(jin)行相應(ying)的(de)(de)修(xiu)整,通常情況下,對于結構整體(ti)(ti)穩(wen)定性(xing)造成(cheng)影(ying)(ying)響的(de)(de)因素相對較(jiao)多(duo),其(qi)中(zhong)基層邊(bian)緣壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)度對其(qi)造成(cheng)直接影(ying)(ying)響,需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)相關(guan)人(ren)員充(chong)分重(zhong)視,根(gen)據工(gong)程(cheng)具體(ti)(ti)需(xu)(xu)求合理(li)控制(zhi)邊(bian)緣壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)度;其(qi)次(ci),嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)投入使用的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料的(de)(de)質量(liang),在實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)開(kai)始之前,對相應(ying)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料的(de)(de)各方面(mian)(mian)性(xing)能及其(qi)規(gui)格進(jin)行全方位的(de)(de)檢驗,確保(bao)基層的(de)(de)平(ping)整度和壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)度[1]。
3.2提升工程作(zuo)業品質的把控和管(guan)理意識
現(xian)階(jie)段我(wo)國道(dao)路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,需要(yao)(yao)相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)提高(gao)對于(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)業(ye)品質把(ba)控以(yi)及(ji)質量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)重視程(cheng)(cheng)度(du),全面分(fen)析現(xian)階(jie)段施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題并(bing)提高(gao)其(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)從(cong)以(yi)下幾個方面進行:首先,道(dao)路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)以(yi)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)部(bu)門(men)相(xiang)對較多(duo),想要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證道(dao)路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)整體質量,就需要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證各環節各部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)運行和(he)有(you)序運行,那(nei)么就需要(yao)(yao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理階(jie)層(ceng)結(jie)合實際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)科學完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)應(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),同時必須確保(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面性(xing)(xing)、科學性(xing)(xing)、合理性(xing)(xing)以(yi)及(ji)可(ke)(ke)行性(xing)(xing);其(qi)次,加大監督力度(du),在制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)了(le)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后,還需要(yao)(yao)確保(bao)各項(xiang)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能夠有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)落實,實現(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理階(jie)層(ceng)對于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)把(ba)控,一(yi)旦發生意外情(qing)況(kuang),需要(yao)(yao)第一(yi)時間(jian)采(cai)取(qu)相(xiang)應(ying)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行解決,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)適當調整相(xiang)關制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),實現(xian)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進程(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控。
3.3有(you)效處理鋼(gang)筋銹蝕
鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)銹(xiu)蝕(shi)(shi)是道路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)常見的(de)問題之一,需(xu)要(yao)相關工(gong)作(zuo)人員采取(qu)相應措施對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)進行有效(xiao)處理(li),通常來(lai)講(jiang)如果沒(mei)有混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)進行保(bao)護(hu),那么空氣侵蝕(shi)(shi)等(deng)外(wai)界因素(su)就會對(dui)(dui)(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)造(zao)成一定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)影響(xiang)(xiang),氧氣和(he)(he)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)發(fa)生氧化還原反應,鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)就會出(chu)現(xian)銹(xiu)蝕(shi)(shi),一旦鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)出(chu)現(xian)銹(xiu)蝕(shi)(shi),那么其(qi)整體(ti)的(de)韌性(xing)和(he)(he)硬(ying)度(du)都會大(da)幅度(du)下(xia)降,從(cong)而對(dui)(dui)(dui)道路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)質(zhi)(zhi)量造(zao)成嚴重影響(xiang)(xiang)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)銹(xiu)蝕(shi)(shi)問題進行處理(li),需(xu)要(yao)相關人員加強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)重視程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du),需(xu)要(yao)保(bao)證混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)整體(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)量以(yi)及其(qi)抗腐蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing),然后(hou)通過混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)進行一定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)。完善混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)澆筑(zhu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),為充分發(fa)揮混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)作(zuo)用,需(xu)要(yao)結合(he)(he)實際情況合(he)(he)理(li)對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)厚(hou)度(du)進行控制(zhi),同時還需(xu)要(yao)采取(qu)相應措施提升混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)密度(du),從(cong)而提升混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)整體(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)量。為提高混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)滲透性(xing)能,還可以(yi)在實際攪拌(ban)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中加入煤粉(fen)和(he)(he)礦(kuang)渣等(deng)材料[2]。
3.4嚴格規范施工流程
道(dao)路橋梁施工(gong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)對(dui)來(lai)說(shuo)較為(wei)復雜,為(wei)保證各項環節的有(you)(you)序進行(xing)(xing),需(xu)要相(xiang)關(guan)人員采取相(xiang)應措施對(dui)施工(gong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)規范。在實(shi)際(ji)施工(gong)開始之前,需(xu)要根據工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)具體需(xu)求(qiu)以及當(dang)地的實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)(qing)況對(dui)施工(gong)技術進行(xing)(xing)合(he)理選擇,同時保證施工(gong)方案的可行(xing)(xing)性和全面(mian)性,實(shi)際(ji)施工(gong)人員需(xu)要對(dui)施工(gong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)全面(mian)分析,然(ran)后嚴格按照規定(ding)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)施工(gong)。在施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)當(dang)中,如果(guo)沒有(you)(you)意外情(qing)(qing)況,盡量避免對(dui)施工(gong)方案進行(xing)(xing)調整,如果(guo)出(chu)現(xian)意外情(qing)(qing)況導致不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)調整施工(gong)方案,那么(me)必須嚴格按照規定(ding)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)審批。
3.5加強施工材料和設備的管理(li)
施(shi)工(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)質量(liang)對(dui)(dui)于道(dao)路橋梁(liang)工(gong)程整(zheng)體(ti)質量(liang)造成(cheng)直接影響,為充分(fen)發揮出施(shi)工(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用,在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)工(gong)開始(shi)之前,需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)相關工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)和其各方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)全面(mian)(mian)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)。一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)市場(chang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)全面(mian)(mian)調查,選擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)價比更高且(qie)可行(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)更強的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)廠商(shang)合作(zuo)(zuo),另一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)根據施(shi)工(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)特點以(yi)及其對(dui)(dui)儲存(cun)環境的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求,選擇合適的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)運輸與儲存(cun)。現階段我國已進(jin)(jin)(jin)入信息(xi)化時代,在(zai)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)背景下(xia),如果仍然(ran)采用傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)道(dao)路橋梁(liang)施(shi)工(gong),是無法保證施(shi)工(gong)效率的(de)(de)(de),需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程中合理應(ying)用相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)設備(bei),因此施(shi)工(gong)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)會對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)程造成(cheng)直接影響。為充分(fen)發揮出施(shi)工(gong)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用,一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)全面(mian)(mian)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan),保證性(xing)(xing)(xing)能和規格達到工(gong)程需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)設備(bei)才能進(jin)(jin)(jin)入施(shi)工(gong)現場(chang),另一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)使用過(guo)(guo)程當中需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)定(ding)期(qi)對(dui)(dui)其進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查與維護[3]。
3.6加強施工質量的(de)管(guan)理和控制
加(jia)強施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)管(guan)理和(he)控制,主要(yao)可(ke)以從(cong)以下幾方面進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing):首先,根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程具體需(xu)求(qiu)以及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)(shi)際情況,在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)團隊(dui)(dui)內(nei)部(bu)建立完善的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監控體系,加(jia)強管(guan)理基層(ceng)對(dui)(dui)于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監控的(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)程度,在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)團隊(dui)(dui)內(nei)部(bu)落實(shi)(shi)責任制,確保專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)專(zhuan)事,對(dui)(dui)各部(bu)門及崗位(wei)的(de)(de)責任義務(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)明確劃分;其(qi)次,加(jia)大對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)監督力度,在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)際施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程當中,需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)各項(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)程進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)緊密監督,確保各項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作都是嚴格按照(zhao)規(gui)定流(liu)程進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de),同(tong)時需(xu)要(yao)嚴格控制施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序(xu),在(zai)(zai)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)上一工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)完全(quan)達到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程需(xu)求(qiu)后,才(cai)可(ke)以進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)下一道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu);最后,提(ti)升(sheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)水(shui)平(ping)以及其(qi)專(zhuan)業(ye)能(neng)力,道路橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程本身施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度相對(dui)(dui)較高,因(yin)此對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)水(shui)平(ping)要(yao)求(qiu)也(ye)相對(dui)(dui)較高,如果(guo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)專(zhuan)業(ye)水(shui)平(ping)不足,那么在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)際施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程當中就(jiu)無法保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)各項(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)程的(de)(de)規(gui)范性(xing)和(he)標準性(xing),需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)團隊(dui)(dui)內(nei)部(bu)定期組織相應培訓,在(zai)(zai)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)專(zhuan)業(ye)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)基礎之(zhi)上,提(ti)升(sheng)其(qi)責任意識以及綜(zong)合素質(zhi)(zhi)[4]。
3.7使用(yong)裂縫(feng)填充技術
裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)填(tian)充技術(shu)(shu)是現階段我(wo)國道(dao)路橋梁工(gong)程(cheng)中解決(jue)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)問題的(de)主要(yao)技術(shu)(shu)之一,合理(li)應(ying)用裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)填(tian)充技術(shu)(shu),能夠(gou)有效解決(jue)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)問題,從而提(ti)升道(dao)路橋梁的(de)整體質量(liang),延(yan)長其使用壽命(ming)。在(zai)實(shi)(shi)際應(ying)用過程(cheng)當中,需要(yao)相關工(gong)作人員對裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)問題進行全面分析,針對裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)特點合理(li)規劃裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)填(tian)充技術(shu)(shu)的(de)實(shi)(shi)際應(ying)用過程(cheng)。合理(li)調(diao)節(jie)水(shui)泥漿以及環氧樹脂膠,保證調(diao)配(pei)(pei)后混合物的(de)質量(liang)與工(gong)程(cheng)需求相符(fu),然后將其填(tian)充在(zai)道(dao)路橋梁裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)處(chu)。為提(ti)升道(dao)路橋梁的(de)整體防(fang)水(shui)性(xing)(xing),還可以在(zai)調(diao)配(pei)(pei)混合物時,適當加入相應(ying)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)材料。
3.8加(jia)強質量驗收(shou)工作
對道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁整體質量造成影(ying)響的(de)(de)環(huan)節相(xiang)對較多,目前我國多數施工(gong)(gong)團隊對施工(gong)(gong)過程的(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)程度相(xiang)對較高,而(er)對施工(gong)(gong)結(jie)(jie)束后(hou)的(de)(de)驗收工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)程度仍然不(bu)足。做好驗收工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是保(bao)證道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁后(hou)期能夠正常投入使用(yong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)環(huan)節之一,需(xu)要(yao)相(xiang)關(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員充分重(zhong)視(shi),也(ye)就是說在道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁施工(gong)(gong)結(jie)(jie)束后(hou),需(xu)要(yao)根據(ju)市場需(xu)求對其質量進(jin)行全面(mian)檢驗。
3.9提倡(chang)綠色(se)施工
隨著近年來我國整(zheng)體經濟以及(ji)科學技術(shu)水平的(de)提高,人類的(de)發展為生態環境造成了一定的(de)破壞,因(yin)此相關人員在(zai)進行道(dao)(dao)(dao)路橋(qiao)梁施(shi)工(gong)過程中,需要積(ji)極響應國家號召,倡導綠(lv)色(se)施(shi)工(gong),在(zai)不影響道(dao)(dao)(dao)路橋(qiao)梁最(zui)終整(zheng)體質量(liang)的(de)基礎之上,盡量(liang)將施(shi)工(gong)技術(shu)換成綠(lv)色(se)施(shi)工(gong)技術(shu),將施(shi)工(gong)材料(liao)(liao)換成綠(lv)色(se)環保材料(liao)(liao),提高道(dao)(dao)(dao)路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)程的(de)環保性。
4結語
近年來(lai)我國市(shi)場對(dui)于(yu)道路橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)質(zhi)量的要(yao)求(qiu)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高,因(yin)此(ci)需要(yao)相關工(gong)(gong)作人員充分(fen)重視,結合實際情況全(quan)面(mian)分(fen)析現階段(duan)道路橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)在(zai)實際施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)會出現的問(wen)題,同時(shi)提出針(zhen)對(dui)性解決措(cuo)施對(dui)其進行(xing)調(diao)整(zheng)與優化,從而提升(sheng)道路橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的整(zheng)體(ti)質(zhi)量,充分(fen)發揮(hui)其重要(yao)的社會價(jia)值,避免道路橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)后期出現質(zhi)量問(wen)題,從而導致發生安全(quan)事(shi)故。
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作者:蘇陳 單位:江蘇海通建(jian)設工(gong)程有限公(gong)司