導語(yu)：如何才能(neng)寫好一篇路橋施工技術，這就需要搜(sou)集(ji)整理(li)更(geng)多的(de)資料和文獻(xian)，歡迎閱讀(du)由公務員(yuan)之家(jia)整理(li)的(de)十(shi)篇范文，供(gong)你(ni)借鑒。

篇1

關鍵詞：路橋施工；技術；質量

Abstract: at present, the development of economy of our country has the bridge engineering needs, highway transportation and household vehicles increase makes this phenomenon aggravating. In this situation, our country road &bridge engineering in recent years in rapid development, how to aim at the requirements of road transportation science road &bridge construction technology in quality control became modern highway construction enterprise the top issue facing the. The road &bridge construction technology and quality control measures are described.

Keywords: road &bridge construction; Technology; quality

中(zhong)圖分類(lei)號(hao)：U448.14 文(wen)獻標識(shi)碼(ma)：A 文(wen)章(zhang)編號(hao)：

O 引言

我國經濟的發展使得家用車輛數量急劇增加，近年來我國大規模進行高速公路建設由于高速公路具有通行能力大，行駛速度快等特點，這對我國路橋基礎設施的建設提出了越來越高的要求。針對這一情況，我國路橋工程在近年來的施工項目不斷增加，以此緩解公路交通面臨的緊張局面。如何找到這些病害形成的原因，并有針對性的采取一些技術措施加以防治，是我們公路施工管理的一項重要責任。“進度、質量、安全、資金”，作為影響路橋施工質量與施工壽命、維護費用的關鍵，路橋施工技術管理(li)與質量控(kong)制是(shi)路(lu)橋建設管理(li)工(gong)(gong)作的關鍵，同時其還是(shi)現代路(lu)橋施工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)在(zai)巨大的市場(chang)空間中(zhong)贏得市場(chang)競爭的關鍵。根據現代路(lu)橋施工(gong)(gong)管理(li)研究結果以(yi)及實際應用(yong)效果分(fen)析可以(yi)看出(chu)，只有科學的施工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)與質量控(kong)制才能有效的達到路(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)質量提高的目的、達到施工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)作的最終(zhong)目的。按照國家“安全第(di)一，預防為(wei)主(zhu)” 的方(fang)針和“安全發展(zhan)”、“以(yi)人(ren)為(wei)本” 的安全理(li)念，施工(gong)(gong)安全工(gong)(gong)作更(geng)是(shi)重(zhong)中(zhong)之重(zhong)。

1.關于路橋施(shi)工技術(shu)及質量控制重要(yao)性(xing)分析

路(lu)(lu)橋施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)管(guan)理與質量(liang)控制(zhi)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的(de)關鍵、是(shi)預防施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)通病發生的(de)重點，其科(ke)學(xue)實施(shi)有(you)助于企(qi)業(ye)降(jiang)低(di)質量(liang)通病治理成本(ben)、促進企(qi)業(ye)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)提(ti)高。同時(shi)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)及質量(liang)控制(zhi)還能夠有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)、提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)使用壽(shou)命(ming)，為降(jiang)低(di)維修成本(ben)奠(dian)定良(liang)好的(de)基礎(chu)，其還對(dui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)公路(lu)(lu)行車安全、降(jiang)低(di)“橋頭跳車”等現象造成的(de)交(jiao)通事故(gu)。加強路(lu)(lu)橋施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)與質量(liang)控制(zhi)已經(jing)成為現代(dai)路(lu)(lu)橋施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)首(shou)要工(gong)(gong)作，是(shi)影響企(qi)業(ye)市場競(jing)爭(zheng)力、影響企(qi)業(ye)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)關鍵。

2.路橋施工(gong)技術及質量控制措(cuo)施分析

針對(dui)路橋(qiao)施工(gong)技(ji)術及(ji)質量控制的重(zhong)要性，路橋(qiao)施工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)必須以(yi)完(wan)善的技(ji)術管理(li)與質量控制體系為基(ji)礎，通過科學(xue)的管理(li)與嚴格的實施提(ti)高路橋(qiao)施工(gong)技(ji)術及(ji)質量控制效(xiao)果(guo)，促進企(qi)業(ye)的健康發展(zhan)。

2．1 完善路橋施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)與質量(liang)控(kong)制體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，促進(jin)(jin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理與質量(liang)控(kong)制的(de)(de)有效(xiao)實(shi)施(shi)路橋施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)與質量(liang)控(kong)制體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)完善應(ying)從企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)自(zi)身管(guan)(guan)(guan)理水平的(de)(de)分析出發，針(zhen)對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)力(li)量(liang)的(de)(de)實(shi)際情況(kuang)(kuang)以及管(guan)(guan)(guan)理流(liu)程(cheng)等構(gou)建基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)性(xing)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。這一體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)構(gou)建與完善要通(tong)過具(ju)(ju)有針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)的(de)(de)分析與論(lun)證(zheng)使其能夠適用于(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)所有的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)，并針(zhen)對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)存在的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)進(jin)(jin)行完善與補(bu)充。例如：這對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)力(li)量(liang)的(de)(de)薄弱進(jin)(jin)行人員的(de)(de)培(pei)訓等。在基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)性(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)完善后企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)還應(ying)在項目(mu)(mu)工(gong)程(cheng)開(kai)工(gong)前針(zhen)對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)際情況(kuang)(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行分析與論(lun)證(zheng)，對(dui)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)中不(bu)(bu)能針(zhen)對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)特(te)點的(de)(de)地(di)方進(jin)(jin)行修改(gai)，以此完善基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，并以此體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)確保(bao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理與質量(liang)控(kong)制工(gong)作(zuo)能夠在實(shi)施(shi)積極中具(ju)(ju)有適用性(xing)與針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)，以此保(bao)障技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)與質量(liang)控(kong)制的(de)(de)科學實(shi)施(shi)，確保(bao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)與質量(liang)控(kong)制能夠達到預期的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)與效(xiao)果。

2．2 針(zhen)對路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)控制與管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是有效(xiao)保(bao)障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，是現代路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點。路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業應針(zhen)對技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)控制與管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前針(zhen)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實際情況以(yi)及合同(tong)要(yao)求(qiu)科(ke)學(xue)設(she)置技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)控制點，并在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)針(zhen)對技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)控制點進(jin)行(xing)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)控制與管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)此保(bao)障(zhang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)達成，有效(xiao)保(bao)障(zhang)路橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，避免施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)通病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。例(li)如：在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)公(gong)路路基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)加(jia)強(qiang)路基(ji)土攤(tan)鋪(pu)厚(hou)度、壓(ya)實度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，并加(jia)強(qiang)壓(ya)路機設(she)備操作(zuo)(zuo)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(禁止急停急起、嚴禁z字行(xing)車、避免壓(ya)路機長(chang)期停放在(zai)(zai)剛剛壓(ya)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路基(ji)上(shang)等)，以(yi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)開展(zhan)保(bao)障(zhang)公(gong)路施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。

2．3 針(zhen)對質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作目標(biao)開展質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)路橋工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)要企業在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)針(zhen)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際情況進(jin)(jin)(jin)行分析(xi)與(yu)論證(zheng)，并根據(ju)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設計(ji)方(fang)案進(jin)(jin)(jin)行質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)點的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)。以施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)點來(lai)有(you)效保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學開展。首(shou)先，針(zhen)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)重點―― 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)材料進(jin)(jin)(jin)行控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)管理(li)，以施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)材料管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)奠定(ding)基(ji)礎。同時(shi)針(zhen)對質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)點進(jin)(jin)(jin)行嚴格的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)，以施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術人員(yuan)、現場質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)巡檢與(yu)旁站等有(you)效保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)點的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)效果，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。另外，針(zhen)對可能引起施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)也要在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行充分考慮與(yu)分析(xi)。如(ru)：對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中氣(qi)(qi)候因(yin)素(su)可能引起的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(降水對路基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)影響)等進(jin)(jin)(jin)行綜(zong)合(he)考慮，盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)避開氣(qi)(qi)候因(yin)素(su)影響施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)發季節，如(ru)避免不了也要在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)制(zhi)定(ding)詳細的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)劃來(lai)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。通過(guo)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)分析(xi)、論證(zheng)確保(bao)(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學開展，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)其(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)效果與(yu)目的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)達成。

3.運用(yong)現代路橋施(shi)工(gong)理論指導施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術與質(zhi)量控(kong)制工(gong)作．提高管(guan)理效果

現代路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業還應運用(yong)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)理(li)論(lun)(lun)指(zhi)導(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術與質(zhi)(zhi)量控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，以此(ci)(ci)提(ti)高管(guan)理(li)效果(guo)。現代路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業應運用(yong)預防(fang)性(xing)管(guan)理(li)理(li)論(lun)(lun)以及(ji)管(guan)理(li)方式，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)影響(xiang)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)科學分析與路(lu)(lu)政，將可能(neng)引起施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術因(yin)素(su)、質(zhi)(zhi)量控(kong)制因(yin)素(su)等制定(ding)預防(fang)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，以此(ci)(ci)確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)能(neng)夠有(you)效減(jian)少(shao)和(he)降(jiang)低施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生，確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量與施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術管(guan)理(li)效果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)達成，路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象(xiang)就是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)本身(shen)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)好壞直接影響(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量、進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)等。特(te)別(bie)是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)一旦(dan)不按(an)計劃進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，必(bi)然(ran)給施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)制帶(dai)來(lai)一定(ding)難(nan)度(du)(du)。以懸壁(bi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混凝土連(lian)續梁、連(lian)續剛構(gou)橋(qiao)(qiao)為例，如果(guo)梁相對(dui)(dui)(dui)懸臂施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)差別(bie)，就必(bi)然(ran)使懸臂在(zai)(zai)合(he)攏前等待不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，從而產生不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徐變(bian)變(bian)形，由于徐變(bian)變(bian)形較(jiao)難(nan)準確估計，所以容易造成最終合(he)攏困(kun)難(nan)。路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量控(kong)制是對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過(guo)程(cheng)各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢查、監督和(he)管(guan)理(li)，消除影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種不利因(yin)素(su)，使所建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)符(fu)合(he)設(she)計圖紙、技(ji)(ji)術規范和(he)驗收標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)制就是對(dui)(dui)(dui)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)力、變(bian)形及(ji)穩定(ding)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)監控(kong)，使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)狀態處于最優(you)狀態，保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)安(an)全和(he)成橋(qiao)(qiao)狀態符(fu)合(he)設(she)計、規范要求，這樣才能(neng)有(you)效提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時降(jiang)低施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業各種問題(ti)治理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本。

4.發展趨勢

現(xian)(xian)代(dai)大跨徑橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)研究現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)進行對比(bi)分析可(ke)知(zhi)，建立智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)狀(zhuang)態(tai)監(jian)測分系(xi)統和(he)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)系(xi)統辯識分系(xi)統，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)連(lian)續剛構(gou)(gou)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)發展和(he)必然趨(qu)勢和(he)方向(xiang)。智(zhi)能控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)所(suo)以是橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)旅工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)發展必然趨(qu)勢，是因為大型(xing)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)程，結(jie)構(gou)(gou)復(fu)雜(za)，規(gui)模巨大，已難以用一般的(de)(de)手段(duan)來監(jian)測與控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)；橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)跨度的(de)(de)不斷(duan)增大，也對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)提出(chu)了更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)、更(geng)新的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。大型(xing)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)旅工(gong)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)必須引(yin)人(ren)先進的(de)(de)量測儀器，通過(guo)埋(mai)設(she)新型(xing)傳(chuan)感(gan)器和(he)應用先進的(de)(de)信號處(chu)(chu)理(li)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，依靠現(xian)(xian)代(dai)通信手段(duan)，直接(jie)量測結(jie)果輸入(ru)計(ji)算機處(chu)(chu)理(li)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)對橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)動(dong)態(tai)、實(shi)時、遠(yuan)程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)；其(qi)次要將(jiang)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)理(li)論、計(ji)算機仿真(zhen)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、專(zhuan)家系(xi)統等的(de)(de)最(zui)新研究成果引(yin)入(ru)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，并且開發出(chu)配(pei)套(tao)的(de)(de)可(ke)視化(hua)(hua)軟件(jian)，從而(er)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)科(ke)學化(hua)(hua)、自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)和(he)智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)，提高(gao)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)科(ke)學性、可(ke)靠性和(he)可(ke)操作性。

5.結論

篇2

關鍵詞：路橋；施工；技術；過渡段；發展；

Abstract：Along with social progress and development, emphasis on the technology of the bridge transition section is of great significance for the real world. In this paper, for the construction of the transition section briefly discusses the road and bridge construction technology.

Key words： Road and Bridge; construction; technology; transition section; development;

中圖分類號：TU74文獻(xian)標識(shi)碼(ma)：A 文章編號：

引言：

隨(sui)著我(wo)國(guo)經濟的(de)(de)快速(su)發展(zhan)(zhan)和大中城市的(de)(de)迅速(su)崛起，城市路橋(qiao)(qiao)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程也隨(sui)之進入(ru)快速(su)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)新階(jie)段(duan)(duan)。 路橋(qiao)(qiao)過(guo)渡(du)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)具有工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)復雜、材料品種繁多(duo)、工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員較多(duo)、機械設(she)備(bei)多(duo)樣等(deng)特(te)點。 路橋(qiao)(qiao)過(guo)渡(du)段(duan)(duan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術準備(bei)主(zhu)要包括：專業技(ji)術管(guan)理人(ren)員、現場(chang)技(ji)術監(jian)理人(ren)員、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員集體技(ji)術培訓(xun)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術流程規范等(deng)具體工(gong)(gong)作。近年來，國(guo)內路橋(qiao)(qiao)過(guo)渡(du)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術有了很大的(de)(de)提高。

1、路(lu)橋過渡段施工技術的可持續發展

現代社會對于一(yi)切(qie)事(shi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)都著(zhu)(zhu)重強調可持續(xu)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)念，在科(ke)學(xue)技術高速(su)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)今天，可持續(xu)發展(zhan)理(li)念是一(yi)切(qie)事(shi)物(wu)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)動力與源泉，并須引起所有(you)行業(ye)和(he)從(cong)業(ye)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)高度重視。 我國路(lu)橋過(guo)渡段的(de)(de)(de)施工技術發展(zhan)與應用(yong)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)悠久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史， 并且在逐步(bu)發展(zhan)和(he)完(wan)善過(guo)程中，已經(jing)形成了一(yi)套完(wan)整、科(ke)學(xue)、系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)施工技術理(li)論(lun)體系(xi)。如下圖所示為(wei)路(lu)橋過(guo)渡段施工工藝(yi)框圖：

但是隨著時(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)發展和科學技術(shu)的(de)(de)進(jin)步，無論多么先進(jin)的(de)(de)技術(shu)、理論，都必將被時(shi)代(dai)所淘汰。 因此(ci)，路橋過渡段的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)也一定要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)可持(chi)(chi)續發展的(de)(de)戰略，在吸收傳統施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)的(de)(de)同時(shi)，還要(yao)積極尋求新的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)方(fang)法(fa)與措施(shi)。

2.路橋過渡段處施工技術(shu)

2．1設置橋頭搭板

為(wei)(wei)(wei)了防止橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)頭跳(tiao)(tiao)車(che)(che)而(er)采用(yong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)頭搭(da)(da)板(ban)是(shi)(shi)目前針對于(yu)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)頭跳(tiao)(tiao)車(che)(che)現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)比較常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處治方(fang)法。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了達到(dao)消除沉(chen)降(jiang)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，避免產(chan)生行(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不舒適感，普遍認為(wei)(wei)(wei)，最有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)搭(da)(da)板(ban)長度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)足以(yi)保持其坡度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千(qian)分(fen)之(zhi)三(san)到(dao)千(qian)分(fen)之(zhi)六以(yi)下，且(qie)能承受全部行(xing)車(che)(che)荷載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搭(da)(da)板(ban)。假(jia)設(she)工(gong)后沉(chen)降(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)10厘米，坡度(du)按千(qian)分(fen)之(zhi)五計，那么板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)要在20米以(yi)上，這(zhe)對于(yu)高(gao)速公路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)部分(fen)中(zhong)小橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)來說(shuo)，是(shi)(shi)十分(fen)不經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)實(shi)際施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)搭(da)(da)板(ban)長度(du)都較短，所以(yi)，設(she)置橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)頭搭(da)(da)板(ban)對于(yu)較大(da)差(cha)異沉(chen)降(jiang)仍然(ran)是(shi)(shi)無能為(wei)(wei)(wei)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。已建高(gao)速公路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量調(diao)查資料顯(xian)示，橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)頭搭(da)(da)板(ban)對于(yu)過(guo)(guo)渡(du)較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沉(chen)降(jiang)差(cha)效(xiao)果雖然(ran)明(ming)顯(xian)，但是(shi)(shi)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況又增加(jia)了一些新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病害：在路(lu)(lu)堤橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)銜接處盡管沒有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)跳(tiao)(tiao)車(che)(che)，但沉(chen)降(jiang)差(cha)從橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)處轉移(yi)到(dao)路(lu)(lu)基和搭(da)(da)板(ban)之(zhi)間或者在枕梁處發(fa)生局部下沉(chen)而(er)引起二次跳(tiao)(tiao)車(che)(che)現象；重交(jiao)通荷載作用(yong)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搭(da)(da)板(ban)由于(yu)脫空而(er)發(fa)生折斷，不但不能消除跳(tiao)(tiao)車(che)(che)現象，還會導(dao)致路(lu)(lu)面(mian)開裂，雨水下滲(shen)使(shi)土基受到(dao)破(po)壞；搭(da)(da)板(ban)在和橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銜接端(duan)拱起也會使(shi)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)破(po)壞。

2．2軟弱地基處理

導(dao)致橋臺和路(lu)堤沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)差的(de)(de)主要因(yin)素是(shi)(shi)(shi)橋頭(tou)軟弱(ruo)地(di)(di)基(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)堤填上荷載作(zuo)用下產生(sheng)的(de)(de)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)工(gong)(gong)后(hou)沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)。通過多年的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)踐與總(zong)結(jie)，現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)的(de)(de)軟墓處理(li)中比較(jiao)常用的(de)(de)有兩類：一是(shi)(shi)(shi)復合地(di)(di)基(ji)法，二是(shi)(shi)(shi)排(pai)水固結(jie)法。復合地(di)(di)基(ji)法包括(kuo)水泥攪拌樁、粉(fen)噴(pen)樁和鋼渣樁等(deng)；排(pai)水固結(jie)法包括(kuo)袋裝(zhuang)砂(sha)井、塑料排(pai)水板、超載預壓(ya)(ya)和真空堆(dui)載預壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)。攪拌樁復合地(di)(di)基(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)減小地(di)(di)基(ji)總(zong)沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)量的(de)(de)同時(shi)，還能使(shi)之(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)較(jiao)短時(shi)間內趨于(yu)穩定，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)較(jiao)高(gao)，并且施工(gong)(gong)質量不(bu)能得(de)到完全保證；排(pai)水固結(jie)法工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)相(xiang)對很(hen)低，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)預壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)期較(jiao)長，工(gong)(gong)后(hou)沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。實(shi)踐證明，軟土(tu)地(di)(di)基(ji)沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)引(yin)起的(de)(de)橋頭(tou)跳車在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)多數高(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)上并沒有得(de)到很(hen)好地(di)(di)解決。究(jiu)其原因(yin)，一是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)太高(gao)和施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝難度(du)太大(da)(da)(da)(da)，橋頭(tou)地(di)(di)基(ji)處治，沒有打(da)穿軟土(tu)層，導(dao)致軟弱(ruo)下臥層產生(sheng)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)后(hou)沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)軟土(tu)地(di)(di)基(ji)路(lu)基(ji)堆(dui)載時(shi)間不(bu)充分。

2．3土(tu)工(gong)格網加筋(jin)

利用(yong)(yong)土(tu)工(gong)加(jia)筋處(chu)治橋頭(tou)(tou)跳車(che)，國外(wai)自(zi)二十世紀八十年(nian)代就開始(shi)研究，并進行了(le)(le)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)室內(nei)外(wai)試驗，取得了(le)(le)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)效果。近幾年(nian)，通過上工(gong)合成材料加(jia)筋來處(chu)理橋頭(tou)(tou)跳車(che)的(de)(de)(de)方法倍受人們關注。土(tu)工(gong)格網作為一種平(ping)面結構(gou)，它對(dui)路(lu)基(ji)岡口(kou)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)提高有(you)限，但是它對(dui)填料的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求卻很高。由于(yu)土(tu)工(gong)網的(de)(de)(de)錨(mao)固(gu)作用(yong)(yong)只(zhi)能阻止橋頭(tou)(tou)較(jiao)短距離內(nei)路(lu)堤(di)填土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)沉(chen)降，而對(dui)橋頭(tou)(tou)路(lu)堤(di)其(qi)它區域只(zhi)能減(jian)小部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)基(ji)壓縮(suo)變形(xing)，不能消化由于(yu)地基(ji)沉(chen)降所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)變化量(liang)，而地基(ji)沉(chen)降在大多(duo)數橋頭(tou)(tou)跳車(che)中起著(zhu)主要(yao)作用(yong)(yong)。所(suo)以，士工(gong)網對(dui)于(yu)減(jian)小由于(yu)橋頭(tou)(tou)壓實度(du)偏低(di)造成的(de)(de)(de)附加(jia)變形(xing)比較(jiao)有(you)效，它適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)地基(ji)條件較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)情況下的(de)(de)(de)橋頭(tou)(tou)跳車(che)處(chu)理。

2．4采用(yong)擠密樁(zhuang)復合地基(ji)

采(cai)用(yong)擠密(mi)(mi)復合地(di)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)方法來處理路(lu)基(ji)(ji)填(tian)土，是利用(yong)在(zai)填(tian)筑完畢的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)上成孔，通(tong)過(guo)擠密(mi)(mi)作(zuo)用(yong)，使路(lu)基(ji)(ji)土密(mi)(mi)實度(du)(du)提高，然后在(zai)孔內填(tian)人材料并(bing)振動壓實成樁(zhuang)。隨著路(lu)基(ji)(ji)向(xiang)橋臺的(de)(de)(de)靠(kao)近(jin)，可通(tong)過(guo)減(jian)小(xiao)樁(zhuang)間距或者樁(zhuang)變長的(de)(de)(de)方式，使路(lu)橋過(guo)渡(du)段剮柔得到過(guo)渡(du)。因(yin)為(wei)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)擠密(mi)(mi)與置(zhi)換作(zuo)用(yong)，路(lu)堤(di)(di)填(tian)土的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)實度(du)(du)提高，應力減(jian)小(xiao)，路(lu)堤(di)(di)整體剛度(du)(du)增大，進(jin)而減(jian)小(xiao)了路(lu)堤(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)壓縮變形。

2．5設置(zhi)柔性橋臺

柔性橋臺(tai)(tai)從作用(yong)機(ji)理上來看基本等同(tong)于加筋土擋墻。采用(yong)柔性橋臺(tai)(tai)結構來降低橋臺(tai)(tai)的剛度(du)(du)，縮(suo)小橋臺(tai)(tai)與(yu)路堤的剛度(du)(du)差(cha)，使它的銜接(jie)處(chu)的行(xing)車荷載壓(ya)縮(suo)變形與(yu)填(tian)土圃結沉降均勻過渡，達到消(xiao)除路面縱坡突變，防止產生(sheng)橋頭跳車。

2．6采用輕質填料

輕質填(tian)料采用(yong)粉煤灰和泡沫聚(ju)苯乙烯(xi)EPS材(cai)料，粉煤灰與一般細粒相比，具(ju)有(you)強度(du)(du)高、自重輕、透(tou)水性能(neng)良好和壓(ya)縮性小等優點，用(yong)它填(tian)筑路堤(di)，可(ke)以有(you)效地(di)(di)減(jian)小橋頭路堤(di)的(de)(de)總(zong)沉降(jiang)。EPS用(yong)于填(tian)筑路堤(di)能(neng)夠十分顯著(zhu)地(di)(di)減(jian)小地(di)(di)基的(de)(de)附加應力，進而減(jian)小地(di)(di)基的(de)(de)沉降(jiang)量(liang)，并且(qie)具(ju)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)承載(zai)力，在(zai)滿足上部路面結(jie)構層(ceng)與行車荷載(zai)作用(yong)的(de)(de)強度(du)(du)要求的(de)(de)同時，還符合剛度(du)(du)要求。如下圖(tu)所示(shi)為路橋過(guo)渡(du)段填(tian)充材(cai)料示(shi)意圖(tu)：

路(lu)橋過渡段填(tian)充材料(liao)示意圖

2．7臺背換填

根據(ju)“剛柔(rou)過(guo)渡”原(yuan)理(li)選用(yong)半剛性材料(liao)(liao)進行臺背(bei)回(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)(tian)，回(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)(tian)尺寸為(wei)(wei)：底長最短為(wei)(wei)2m，對(dui)于臺背(bei)填(tian)(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)和路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)狀土(tu)(tu)采(cai)用(yong)1比1坡度相(xiang)接，對(dui)于路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)回(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)部(bu)分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)1比1．5相(xiang)接，并從設計、施工和監理(li)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)給出了經(jing)驗參(can)考。臺背(bei)一(yi)定范圍內采(cai)用(yong)模量(liang)比較(jiao)大(da)，易(yi)壓(ya)(ya)實、排水(shui)性能(neng)好的(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)進行換(huan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)，例如級(ji)配碎石與砂粒等(deng)是一(yi)一(yi)種應(ying)用(yong)比較(jiao)廣泛的(de)(de)臺背(bei)填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑方(fang)法(fa)。從作用(yong)機(ji)理(li)上看(kan)，它(ta)屬于剛柔(rou)過(guo)渡原(yuan)理(li)的(de)(de)一(yi)種。這些填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)經(jing)壓(ya)(ya)路(lu)機(ji)壓(ya)(ya)實后(hou)，壓(ya)(ya)縮模量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)，且水(shui)穩定性好，能(neng)夠減小路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮變形。在很多地區(qu)特別是兩部(bu)地區(qu)，因為(wei)(wei)缺乏換(huan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)材料(liao)(liao)，進而(er)(er)導(dao)致造價過(guo)高而(er)(er)不便應(ying)用(yong)。因為(wei)(wei)路(lu)堤的(de)(de)沉(chen)降由地基(ji)(ji)(ji)沉(chen)降和路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)沉(chen)降構成，通過(guo)臺背(bei)回(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)(tian)可以使路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)自身的(de)(de)變形減小，但它(ta)不能(neng)消化(hua)地基(ji)(ji)(ji)所產(chan)生的(de)(de)沉(chen)降，所以臺背(bei)回(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)法(fa)應(ying)與其它(ta)處(chu)治方(fang)法(fa)相(xiang)結合，才(cai)能(neng)較(jiao)好地過(guo)渡路(lu)堤和橋臺的(de)(de)沉(chen)降差。

3.結束語

路(lu)橋過(guo)渡段(duan)(duan)是(shi)目前道路(lu)病(bing)害的多(duo)發地段(duan)(duan)，其直觀表(biao)現形式為橋頭跳車(che)。隨著高等級(ji)公路(lu)的大(da)量建(jian)設，管理單位(wei)與工(gong)程設計(ji)人員開始(shi)對橋頭跳車(che)的危害有(you)了比較清晰(xi)的認(ren)識和足(zu)夠的重視。針對于橋頭跳車(che)，雖然在具(ju)體(ti)的工(gong)程設計(ji)中采取了不(bu)少處治措施，也(ye)(ye)取得了一(yi)些成功的實例。可(ke)從實際情況來看，橋頭跳車(che)的現象不(bu)僅在舊(jiu)的橋頭路(lu)堤存在，同時也(ye)(ye)存在于許多(duo)新(xin)建(jian)的高等級(ji)公路(lu)。

參考文獻：

［1］宋子明，王麟. 淺談市政道路(lu)工(gong)程施工(gong)技術的(de)發展與創新 [J]. 市政道路(lu)工(gong) ，2003（5）：21-23．

［2］郎一(yi)杰，孟向楠(nan).城市(shi)道路建(jian)設(she)施工技術管理的重點和方法[J].市(shi)政(zheng)道路管理現代化(hua)，

2006（11）：33-35．

［3］常(chang)雪(xue)梅.淺(qian)談城市路(lu)橋建設工程施工質量控(kong)制措施 [J]. 福建建設科技(ji) ，2004（3）：4-8．

篇3

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：混凝土；施(shi)工技術；發展

建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業作(zuo)為(wei)支撐我國(guo)(guo)社(she)會經濟的(de)(de)(de)三大(da)產業之(zhi)(zhi)一，在改革開(kai)放以后的(de)(de)(de)發展速(su)(su)度極為(wei)迅速(su)(su)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)近(jin)些年來，我國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在施(shi)工(gong)規模和施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝上得到了明顯的(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)和改善，為(wei)我國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑事業的(de)(de)(de)發展及(ji)騰飛提供(gong)了堅實的(de)(de)(de)后盾。土(tu)木建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)含許多種(zhong)類，它(ta)不僅包(bao)括房屋的(de)(de)(de)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)，還包(bao)括路橋(qiao)(qiao)、園林等基建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造。在許多種(zhong)類的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中，作(zuo)為(wei)衣食住(zhu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)一的(de)(de)(de)“行(xing)”―路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)(shi)關系著國(guo)(guo)家經濟命脈及(ji)人民生活的(de)(de)(de)重要基建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。混凝土(tu)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑及(ji)路橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)工(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)重要材料。下(xia)面就路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中，混凝土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用、易(yi)出(chu)現問題及(ji)發展應用作(zuo)相關論述。

1.混(hun)凝土在(zai)路橋(qiao)施工(gong)中的作(zuo)用(yong)

隨著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)我國經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，作(zuo)為國家經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)脈絡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交通(tong)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)也如火如荼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進行著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。在(zai)近些年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交通(tong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中，我國路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)不(bu)斷(duan)創新，在(zai)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上提(ti)升了運輸(shu)效(xiao)(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)及(ji)(ji)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是關系(xi)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人們交通(tong)出行安(an)全及(ji)(ji)舒(shu)適度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要基建(jian)(jian)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，在(zai)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中，路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量不(bu)僅與前期科學合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計工作(zuo)有(you)關，更于混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工工藝有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)。路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工材料大多為混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土，并利用(yong)科學、合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)術來完成(cheng)(cheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)主(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)框架結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)。混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土具(ju)有(you)高(gao)(gao)強度(du)、高(gao)(gao)抗折能(neng)力，在(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)項(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)(shi)工中使(shi)用(yong)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)顯著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承載力，延長路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)壽(shou)命，降(jiang)低施(shi)(shi)(shi)工成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。同(tong)時，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)工作(zuo)性(xing)，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土拌和物具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流動性(xing)，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)型過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中不(bu)分層、不(bu)離(li)析。而(er)(er)且，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土耐久(jiu)性(xing)比較強。路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)項(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)(shi)工中使(shi)用(yong)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抵御惡劣氣候、環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侵害，提(ti)升抗凍融能(neng)力，在(zai)設(she)(she)計使(shi)用(yong)期限中正(zheng)常(chang)工作(zuo)，經(jing)受嚴峻考驗(yan)而(er)(er)不(bu)被(bei)破壞(huai)。混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土還有(you)保持(chi)體(ti)積穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質(zhi)。對于任何(he)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)來講，工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)都(dou)關乎(hu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經(jing)濟(ji)及(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)價(jia)值。而(er)(er)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土具(ju)體(ti)積穩(wen)定性(xing)較好(hao)(hao)，良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐久(jiu)性(xing)使(shi)其具(ju)有(you)很(hen)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)，而(er)(er)且具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)(gao)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等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中減(jian)少(shao)修復(fu)次數，從而(er)(er)使(shi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)維護降(jiang)低，安(an)全性(xing)能(neng)增大。

2.混凝土在(zai)路橋施工中易出現的問題

2.1抗拉力不強

普通混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)是由石(shi)子、水泥、砂(sha)、以及(ji)適量的(de)(de)(de)(de)水拌(ban)(ban)合而(er)(er)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)造石(shi)材(cai)。在(zai)當前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路橋工(gong)程施工(gong)過程中，在(zai)拌(ban)(ban)合混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)時，石(shi)塊(kuai)和砂(sha)起到(dao)骨(gu)架作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，而(er)(er)水和水泥只是起一個輔(fu)助作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，水泥利(li)用(yong)其作(zuo)(zuo)為凝(ning)(ning)(ning)結劑所具(ju)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，包(bao)裹石(shi)塊(kuai)和砂(sha)表面并填補骨(gu)料(liao)(liao)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙，將其主(zhu)體結構進行凝(ning)(ning)(ning)結，從(cong)而(er)(er)增強(qiang)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)堅固(gu)性和堅硬性。然而(er)(er)水泥、石(shi)子、砂(sha)都(dou)具(ju)有脆硬性，正是由于混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)都(dou)是由散碎材(cai)料(liao)(liao)經過凝(ning)(ning)(ning)結而(er)(er)變成(cheng)硬性材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，導(dao)致其結構中凝(ning)(ning)(ning)結劑變得硬化，凝(ning)(ning)(ning)結力度減小，抗拉力不強(qiang)，當混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)受(shou)拉時，很小的(de)(de)(de)(de)拉力就能導(dao)致開裂，所以混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)結構抗拉力比較(jiao)弱。

2.2彈性不好

在(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)施(shi)工中，當選擇混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土標號時(shi)，首要考慮的是混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的抗壓抗打擊能(neng)力，然而(er)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的彈性在(zai)抗壓能(neng)力達(da)到指標后(hou)，相比(bi)之下(xia)卻比(bi)較的弱(ruo)。路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工程的工作環境普遍惡(e)劣，經常(chang)承受(shou)大(da)規模荷載及交(jiao)變(bian)荷載。因此，在(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)的使用過程中，如(ru)果(guo)出(chu)現較大(da)負荷，由(you)于路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)受(shou)力面(mian)積不均，路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)所受(shou)荷載無法及時(shi)發散(san)平均，道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)某一(yi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)段或橋(qiao)梁會因為無法承受(shou)單一(yi)的擠壓而(er)出(chu)現大(da)量(liang)的裂(lie)縫，裂(lie)縫會逐步加深并嚴重危及路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)安全。在(zai)通常(chang)情況(kuang)下(xia)，交(jiao)通管理部門會嚴格限制路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)車載，然而(er)，路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)彈性的負荷值會隨著時(shi)間(jian)推移而(er)慢(man)慢(man)增長，如(ru)果(guo)長時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)無任何保護措施(shi)和(he)保養(yang)手段的情況(kuang)下(xia)進行長期使用和(he)磨損，即使路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)負載在(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)運輸范(fan)圍內(nei)，混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土出(chu)現裂(lie)縫也無法避免。

2.3收縮易變形

路橋施工中使用的混凝土必(bi)然具(ju)有一定程度(du)(du)的熱脹(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)冷縮(suo)功能(neng)。隨著外界(jie)環境溫度(du)(du)變化，混凝土內(nei)部壓(ya)力會(hui)(hui)出現(xian)規律性變動。北方冬季(ji)較為寒冷時(shi)期(qi)(qi)，路橋混凝土結構會(hui)(hui)因(yin)(yin)為氣溫的降(jiang)低(di)出現(xian)緊縮(suo)；夏季(ji)較為炎熱時(shi)期(qi)(qi)，混凝土結構又會(hui)(hui)因(yin)(yin)為氣溫的升高發(fa)生膨脹(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。由于(yu)固體在熱脹(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)冷縮(suo)的時(shi)候會(hui)(hui)產生應力，導致(zhi)擠壓(ya)變形，一旦超過抗拉抗壓(ya)強度(du)(du)，就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)出現(xian)裂(lie)縫，進而(er)產生危險。

3.路橋施工(gong)中混凝土的(de)發展(zhan)及應用趨勢

3.1預應力混凝土

與(yu)普通混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土路(lu)面(mian)相(xiang)比，預(yu)應(ying)力混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土是事先在混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土中施加一個預(yu)應(ying)力，在承受相(xiang)同的(de)荷載(zai)時，預(yu)應(ying)力混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土中的(de)預(yu)應(ying)力會首先抵銷荷載(zai)，其次混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土構件(jian)在承受荷載(zai)，這樣路(lu)面(mian)的(de)截(jie)面(mian)產生的(de)拉壓應(ying)力遠小于普通混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土路(lu)面(mian)，進而(er)提(ti)高了(le)路(lu)面(mian)的(de)抗(kang)彎拉強度。

預(yu)應力(li)混凝土比普(pu)(pu)通混凝土路(lu)面有著不可比擬的(de)優點(dian)，它能(neng)夠(gou)完全改(gai)善混凝土路(lu)面的(de)不足，應用于(yu)高等級公路(lu)有著很好的(de)發展空間。普(pu)(pu)通素混凝土路(lu)面主要(yao)依靠抗(kang)(kang)彎拉強度(du)來保證承(cheng)載能(neng)力(li)，普(pu)(pu)通但(dan)混凝土的(de)抗(kang)(kang)拉強度(du)較差，其(qi)抗(kang)(kang)壓能(neng)力(li)與(yu)抗(kang)(kang)拉能(neng)力(li)遠遠落后(hou)于(yu)預(yu)應力(li)混凝土。

預應(ying)力(li)(li)混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板薄且(qie)長(chang)。與傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，預應(ying)力(li)(li)混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板的(de)厚度僅(jin)為前者的(de)40～60%。而且(qie)預應(ying)力(li)(li)混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板要比(bi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板長(chang)，板間(jian)接縫數量(liang)因(yin)此減(jian)少(shao)，從而提升車輛安全(quan)性與行駛(shi)穩定性。再者，與其他材(cai)質的(de)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，預應(ying)力(li)(li)混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)鋼筋使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較少(shao)，但多于普(pu)通混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。同時，預應(ying)力(li)(li)混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)不(bu)僅(jin)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)長(chang)，而且(qie)在道路(lu)(lu)養護維修方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)需(xu)求(qiu)也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)很大，而對(dui)其投入的(de)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)和傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)也(ye)是(shi)低于或(huo)等(deng)于傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。

現今，我國預應(ying)(ying)力混凝土路(lu)面的(de)理論體系的(de)發展相當成(cheng)熟(shu)，隨著(zhu)工(gong)程施工(gong)技術的(de)發展，施工(gong)隊(dui)伍素質(zhi)的(de)提高，預應(ying)(ying)力混凝土路(lu)面必(bi)定會(hui)在我國路(lu)橋建設中占有(you)一席之地。

3.2智能混凝土

智能混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)是(shi)在普(pu)通混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)原有(you)成分的(de)基(ji)礎上添(tian)加其他一些傳感(gan)器及有(you)特殊功能的(de)材料(liao)，使混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)既有(you)普(pu)通混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)承載抗拉壓(ya)能力，又具有(you)自(zi)我感(gan)知(zhi)、記憶、自(zi)適應，自(zi)我修復(fu)等特性。擁有(you)了這些特性，人們可以有(you)效(xiao)地提前預知(zhi)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)結構的(de)內部出(chu)現的(de)問題，同(tong)時可以滿足(zu)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)結構自(zi)我安(an)全(quan)檢(jian)測需要，防止結構潛(qian)在的(de)脆性破壞，并根據檢(jian)測結果自(zi)動進(jin)行修復(fu)，顯(xian)著提高混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)結構的(de)安(an)全(quan)性和(he)耐久性。

智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)向前(qian)可(ke)以追溯到1960年，經歷了發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級階段(duan)和智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)組(zu)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)渡階段(duan)后(hou)，目(mu)前(qian)正向最終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)階段(duan)發展(zhan)。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器、自(zi)我調(diao)節修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)等正逐步模塊(kuai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，并(bing)在現(xian)(xian)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，加強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)組(zu)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發，使(shi)(shi)其向精確(que)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、集(ji)成化(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)。開發新(xin)(xin)型智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)是智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵，加大(da)科(ke)研(yan)力(li)度進行智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)發，將(jiang)多種(zhong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)實現(xian)(xian)有機融(rong)合，實現(xian)(xian)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)我調(diao)節。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)是信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產物，它在對(dui)(dui)重(zhong)大(da)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)木(mu)(mu)工程設(she)施中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)力(li)應(ying)(ying)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)測、損傷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無損評估、及時(shi)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)以及減輕海(hai)嘯、地震的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)等諸方(fang)面有很廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用前(qian)景(jing)，對(dui)(dui)確(que)保工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用性和長期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性都極為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。而且在現(xian)(xian)代建(jian)筑向智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)背景(jing)下，混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)對(dui)(dui)傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑用混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)都提(ti)出了新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、適(shi)應(ying)(ying)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)作為(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術，為(wei)(wei)傳(chuan)(chuan)統建(jian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)注入(ru)了新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生機。通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究將(jiang)使(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)發展(zhan)步入(ru)創新(xin)(xin)軌(gui)道，使(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)木(mu)(mu)建(jian)筑行業獲得新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、突(tu)破性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。

4.結語

隨著施工技術的(de)發展(zhan)以及(ji)科技的(de)進步，路(lu)橋施工中(zhong)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)應用(yong)必然會取得(de)更大發展(zhan)，更多(duo)的(de)新(xin)型混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)材料會發展(zhan)出來，為路(lu)橋的(de)發展(zhan)注入(ru)新(xin)的(de)活(huo)力。

參考文獻：

[1] 黃衛. 水(shui)泥混凝土路面設計理論與方(fang)法[M]. 北京：科(ke)學出(chu)版(ban)社，2000.

篇4

【關鍵(jian)詞】路橋施(shi)工；病害；處(chu)理

一、前言

在進行(xing)路橋施(shi)(shi)工中，往往由于(yu)設計不當或者是施(shi)(shi)工過(guo)程中施(shi)(shi)工的工藝出(chu)現(xian)了(le)問題，導致(zhi)了(le)路橋施(shi)(shi)工中常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)會有非常(chang)(chang)多的病(bing)害，當然這些病(bing)害在路橋的施(shi)(shi)工后，進行(xing)使用(yong)后逐漸的顯示出(chu)來，路面(mian)不平整或者是路橋的安全(quan)性(xing)較差，都會對路面(mian)的使用(yong)產生非常(chang)(chang)大的不利(li)影響(xiang)，為了(le)避免路橋的病(bing)害出(chu)現(xian)，對常(chang)(chang)見技術進行(xing)分(fen)析，無疑非常(chang)(chang)關鍵。

二(er)、路橋施(shi)工中的常見問題

1、設計不夠科學

在(zai)路基的(de)初步設(she)計中(zhong)，沒有經過專業(ye)的(de)勘測(ce)，對地質不夠了(le)(le)解的(de)情況就(jiu)進行(xing)了(le)(le)施(shi)工，僅靠觀察地表外形(xing)結構判斷路基的(de)構造類型(xing)，因(yin)此會產生非常大(da)的(de)誤差。在(zai)某(mou)條公(gong)路的(de)施(shi)工建設(she)中(zhong)，由于沒有經過嚴格的(de)勘測(ce)，因(yin)此在(zai)巖石路基上沒有進行(xing)半(ban)剛性(xing)路基的(de)設(she)計，由于碰上陰雨天(tian)，雨水(shui)不斷的(de)滲(shen)入，最終導致了(le)(le)路基出現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)風化(hua)的(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，進而(er)出現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)大(da)面積的(de)混凝土裂縫。

2、路面厚度(du)不(bu)達標

對(dui)于(yu)一般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)橋，在(zai)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，路(lu)面由于(yu)都是按照(zhao)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準進行了，除非有特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，這些(xie)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要還要達到國家強制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準，但是在(zai)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)中，由于(yu)施工(gong)單位(wei)為了節約施工(gong)過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本，對(dui)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進度控制(zhi)(zhi)過于(yu)嚴(yan)格，因此對(dui)于(yu)路(lu)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度往往會忽視，最終導致了路(lu)面使用壽(shou)命大大的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低。

3、混凝土自身(shen)的特性

混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)縫(feng)主(zhu)要有3種：表面裂(lie)縫(feng)、貫穿(chuan)裂(lie)縫(feng)深層裂(lie)縫(feng)。由于混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)暴露在(zai)空(kong)氣中，本身會存在(zai)自身的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積收縮的(de)(de)(de)情況，因(yin)此在(zai)外力的(de)(de)(de)影響下(xia)，本身會發(fa)生(sheng)變形，而(er)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)凝(ning)(ning)固的(de)(de)(de)過程中會產(chan)生(sheng)拉應力，混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)這種情況下(xia)會產(chan)生(sheng)裂(lie)縫(feng)。因(yin)此混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)出現裂(lie)縫(feng)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)非常(chang)多，混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)所(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)圍環(huan)境和混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)強度有很大的(de)(de)(de)關系，例如混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)周(zhou)邊環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)濕度以及溫度都會對混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)產(chan)生(sheng)非常(chang)大的(de)(de)(de)影響。

三、路橋施工中技(ji)術控制重點

1、蓋(gai)梁(liang)砼施工控制要點

為確保砼澆筑及(ji)外觀質量控制，蓋梁砼施工(gong)要求如下(xia)：

（1）砼(tong)(tong)拌(ban)(ban)和(he)質(zhi)量控(kong)制要點：要求砼(tong)(tong)有(you)效拌(ban)(ban)和(he)時間(jian)不小(xiao)于90秒，砼(tong)(tong)坍(tan)落(luo)度宜控(kong)制在90～120mm之間(jian)（砼(tong)(tong)坍(tan)落(luo)度太小(xiao)易出現(xian)孔洞、露筋(jin)等(deng)(deng)外(wai)觀質(zhi)量事(shi)故；坍(tan)落(luo)度太大易出現(xian)氣泡、麻(ma)面、水文等(deng)(deng)外(wai)觀缺陷），坍(tan)落(luo)度具體大小(xiao)根據(ju)當(dang)時氣溫、運(yun)距、部(bu)位(wei)及砼(tong)(tong)澆筑(zhu)速(su)度等(deng)(deng)因素具體確(que)定，以保證砼(tong)(tong)的拌(ban)(ban)和(he)質(zhi)量。

（2）砼(tong)(tong)(tong)外(wai)(wai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)的(de)控制：為確保砼(tong)(tong)(tong)強度滿足設計要求(qiu)，砼(tong)(tong)(tong)拌和時外(wai)(wai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)應嚴(yan)格按(an)配合比要求(qiu)進行(xing)計量(liang)添(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)，外(wai)(wai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)的(de)添(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)應按(an)每盤砼(tong)(tong)(tong)拌和用量(liang)嚴(yan)格稱(cheng)量(liang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入，高標號砼(tong)(tong)(tong)要嚴(yan)格控制好(hao)外(wai)(wai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)使用，要求(qiu)使用袋裝計量(liang)法添(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)外(wai)(wai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)。

（3）砼振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)：為(wei)確保砼內實、外美，表面(mian)光(guang)潔、無氣(qi)泡，砼采(cai)用分層平(ping)(ping)行(xing)布置振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)點(dian)，振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)點(dian)間(jian)(jian)距不(bu)大于40厘米(mi)，砼分層厚度一般控(kong)制(zhi)在30～50厘米(mi)，振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)時要避免出現過振(zhen)、漏振(zhen)，振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)棒嚴禁接(jie)觸模(mo)板，振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)時間(jian)(jian)控(kong)制(zhi)在30s～45s/點(dian)為(wei)宜，一般振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)到(dao)砼表面(mian)平(ping)(ping)坦、泛漿及(ji)無氣(qi)泡為(wei)止(zhi)。預應(ying)力(li)砼振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)時，搗(dao)(dao)(dao)固棒不(bu)能接(jie)觸到(dao)波(bo)紋管(guan)，以(yi)防止(zhi)波(bo)紋管(guan)破裂(lie)進漿。砼嚴禁采(cai)用不(bu)間(jian)(jian)斷(duan)連續(xu)式振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)方式，應(ying)采(cai)用間(jian)(jian)斷(duan)式連續(xu)振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)方式。

（4）砼(tong)(tong)施(shi)工連續性(xing)控制：為避免蓋梁出現施(shi)工縫(feng)或冷接縫(feng)，要求(qiu)蓋梁砼(tong)(tong)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)應從(cong)墩柱(zhu)頂向兩端連續進行(xing)，上下層砼(tong)(tong)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)間隔時(shi)間不(bu)宜超過90分鐘。澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)時(shi)必須(xu)配(pei)備2臺砼(tong)(tong)運輸罐車才能進行(xing)砼(tong)(tong)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)，蓋梁澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)前砼(tong)(tong)拌(ban)和站要求(qiu)必須(xu)配(pei)置發電(dian)機(ji)，以確保因故停電(dian)砼(tong)(tong)能連續澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)。

2、墩身施工

承臺混凝土(tu)上的雜物需要進行(xing)及時的清理。當澆筑墩(dun)身時，要分(fen)層進行(xing)，振搗(dao)密實。完成澆筑后，進行(xing)灌注托盤和頂帽混凝土(tu)。柱頂一般(ban)使用(yong)人工(gong)打磨的方(fang)法。

路橋的(de)施(shi)工離不(bu)開鋼材，比如：鋼材模(mo)板。模(mo)具的(de)強度一(yi)定要得到保證，在安裝時需要涂上脫模(mo)劑，再加貼防漏膠條。施(shi)工之前(qian)的(de)模(mo)具取樣試(shi)驗不(bu)能(neng)忽(hu)視。

圖(tu)1 市政工程路(lu)橋施工墩(dun)身圖(tu)

四(si)、常見路橋施工技(ji)術注意事項

1、首先當(dang)預應力(li)鋼(gang)筋(jin)拉伸完成以后(hou)，對剛勁(jing)或者是(shi)鋼(gang)絞(jiao)線剩余的(de)部分進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)切除，對于(yu)孔道進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)清(qing)洗(xi)，清(qing)洗(xi)完畢(bi)以后(hou)使用(yong)高壓(ya)風(feng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)干燥，這樣的(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)是(shi)為了封錨(mao)(mao)做(zuo)好準備(bei)，目(mu)(mu)前在施工現象封錨(mao)(mao)的(de)工藝主要包括兩(liang)點，第一是(shi)采用(yong)沒(mei)收(shou)縮能(neng)力(li)的(de)水泥漿(jiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)封錨(mao)(mao)，第二種方式采用(yong)封閉(bi)的(de)橡膠圈進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)封錨(mao)(mao)。

2、對(dui)空心梁中的真(zhen)空端以及壓漿端進(jin)行選(xuan)(xuan)擇，選(xuan)(xuan)擇好以后，選(xuan)(xuan)擇合適(shi)的真(zhen)空泵以及壓漿的機械(xie)，分(fen)別對(dui)兩端進(jin)行有效的連接(jie)。

3、按照(zhao)設計中的額要求，對灌漿(jiang)中的原料進行選擇，控制好混凝土中水(shui)(shui)泥以及水(shui)(shui)分(fen)的配(pei)比，保證水(shui)(shui)泥漿(jiang)的流(liu)(liu)動(dong)性。攪拌好的水(shui)(shui)泥漿(jiang)要保持流(liu)(liu)動(dong)性。

4、當灌中的(de)(de)混(hun)凝土達(da)到了實(shi)際(ji)需(xu)要的(de)(de)量時，將真空(kong)泵的(de)(de)閥(fa)門打開(kai)，將空(kong)心梁中的(de)(de)真空(kong)度達(da)到了施工的(de)(de)要求，在啟動灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)泵，在灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，時刻觀察水泥漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)流動性，需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)是灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中水泥漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)始終要保證流動性。

5、在(zai)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)的過程(cheng)中，按照要求操作真空(kong)泵，當灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)到一定(ding)的程(cheng)度以后，例如實(shi)際施工(gong)中對于壓(ya)力的要去是在(zai)1.0兆帕(pa)，持續壓(ya)2分(fen)鐘，這個時候可以關閉灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)的機械，對于孔道的灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)完成了大部分(fen)的工(gong)作。

6、當灌漿(jiang)完成(cheng)以后，需(xu)要(yao)對外(wai)接(jie)的(de)管道以及對灌漿(jiang)的(de)所有機械進(jin)行清洗，對于封閉(bi)的(de)工具需(xu)要(yao)在2天以內拆(chai)除(chu)。

7、伸縮縫安裝的(de)具體事項

切割(ge)技術是(shi)在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)首先進行(xing)的(de)(de)技術。在(zai)進行(xing)伸縮縫施工(gong)之前，一定需要對(dui)伸縮縫路(lu)面的(de)(de)平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)做一次詳細的(de)(de)檢測，實際情況(kuang)中，平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)如(ru)果不好，那(nei)么(me)(me)就可能或擴大(da)切割(ge)面寬度(du)(du)(du)。當(dang)然大(da)部(bu)分的(de)(de)時候，由(you)于(yu)道路(lu)橋梁路(lu)面施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，對(dui)于(yu)平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)還是(shi)有一定的(de)(de)把握(wo)，那(nei)么(me)(me)這(zhe)個(ge)時候就可以進行(xing)下一步開(kai)槽的(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei)，在(zai)開(kai)槽的(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，路(lu)面要進行(xing)及時的(de)(de)保護，防止因(yin)為開(kai)槽導(dao)致了(le)瀝青路(lu)面受(shou)到了(le)損壞(huai)。當(dang)在(zai)開(kai)槽準(zhun)備(bei)過程(cheng)(cheng)結束之后，就應該對(dui)整(zheng)個(ge)路(lu)面進行(xing)清理，這(zhe)個(ge)時候一般(ban)是(shi)采用直接(jie)的(de)(de)水洗，防止路(lu)面受(shou)到了(le)嚴重的(de)(de)污染(ran)。

在開槽(cao)的(de)過(guo)程中，開槽(cao)的(de)寬度(du)應(ying)該(gai)按照之(zhi)前設計好(hao)的(de)進行準備，首先標上記號(hao)，然后使用切(qie)割(ge)機對切(qie)割(ge)縫進行切(qie)割(ge)。當然，在切(qie)割(ge)線(xian)以外的(de)部分應(ying)該(gai)采取一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)保護(hu)措施(shi)，由于(yu)伸縮縫是最后進行施(shi)工的(de)，因此一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)對整合橋(qiao)面做(zuo)好(hao)保護(hu)。

①在(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)縮(suo)(suo)縫之前，一(yi)定需要做好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)對溫度要有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制，一(yi)般情況(kuang)(kuang)下，兩端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)縮(suo)(suo)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)應該(gai)(gai)(gai)寬度在(zai)誤差范圍(wei)內，而且(qie)誤差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符號必須保(bao)(bao)證相同②在(zai)進行(xing)較(jiao)大寬度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)縮(suo)(suo)縫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過程中(zhong)，對于(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)應該(gai)(gai)(gai)實(shi)際(ji)情況(kuang)(kuang)實(shi)際(ji)對待，預埋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼筋可以切斷③安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時需要注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)縮(suo)(suo)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線(xian)應該(gai)(gai)(gai)和梁端中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線(xian)保(bao)(bao)持在(zai)一(yi)個垂(chui)直面上。④當(dang)調整好了伸(shen)(shen)(shen)縮(suo)(suo)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)以后那么需要做到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)臨時固定，防止出現了位移。⑤在(zai)模板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過程中(zhong)，對于(yu)(yu)不同寬度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)縮(suo)(suo)縫應該(gai)(gai)(gai)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)不同質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模板，但是(shi)不管(guan)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)哪一(yi)種模板都應該(gai)(gai)(gai)保(bao)(bao)證的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)模板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過程中(zhong)要做到(dao)牢(lao)固，同時方式固定材料流入到(dao)兩端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縫隙中(zhong)，這樣對于(yu)(yu)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)縮(suo)(suo)會產生(sheng)非(fei)常大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。

五、結束語

總之，在路(lu)橋的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，技(ji)術要求相關(guan)復雜，技(ji)術特點也較為鮮明，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)要根據實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)情況進行綜合的(de)(de)分析，不要盲目的(de)(de)借鑒其他施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)經驗，以上是(shi)(shi)本人(ren)在實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)總結(jie)出(chu)來的(de)(de)經驗，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)關(guan)于病害的(de)(de)預(yu)防(fang)還有(you)更多的(de)(de)知識，希望同行引起(qi)足夠的(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)。

參考文獻

[1] 王(wang)立(li)新(xin)， 楊(yang)玉(yu)鑫(xin). 路橋工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工常(chang)見(jian)施(shi)(shi)工技術探析[J]. 城市(shi)建設理論研(yan)究， 2014.

[2] 溫健文. 路橋工程施工中幾(ji)種常見的路橋施工技術研(yan)究[J]. 科學與財富(fu)， 2014， （5）：30-30.

篇5

關鍵詞：路橋施工；軟土路基(ji)；處理技術

中圖分類號： TU997文(wen)獻標識(shi)碼： A

引言

軟(ruan)土(tu)天然含水量大、天然強度(du)低、壓縮性高、透水性小(xiao)，工程性質差。路基(ji)(ji)是路橋(qiao)的(de)重(zhong)要組(zu)成部分，承載著路橋(qiao)受(shou)到的(de)壓力(li)，所以必須(xu)具備足夠的(de)強度(du)、抗壓性以及耐久性。軟(ruan)土(tu)路基(ji)(ji)問題不僅嚴(yan)重(zhong)降(jiang)低了(le)工程質量，還有可能(neng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響到民眾的(de)日常交通出行，因此，一定要加(jia)大對路橋(qiao)軟(ruan)土(tu)路基(ji)(ji)的(de)處理(li)技(ji)術的(de)研究(jiu)，進而保證路橋(qiao)的(de)施工質量。

1、軟土路基概述

1.1、軟土路基的(de)定義

軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義較相(xiang)關(guan)規范(fan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義更加廣泛，其(qi)包含了設計強度(du)達不(bu)到要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)濕粘土(tu)(tu)。在一定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上，路(lu)基(ji)(ji)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)強度(du)與穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)是由路(lu)基(ji)(ji)填土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)干濕狀(zhuang)態(tai)所決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)。土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)含水(shui)量的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低決定(ding)了路(lu)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)干濕狀(zhuang)態(tai)，而(er)各種(zhong)水(shui)作用(yong)及(ji)(ji)作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)延續時間(jian)又同(tong)含水(shui)量的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低密切相(xiang)關(guan)。在路(lu)基(ji)(ji)路(lu)面(mian)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施工過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，由于路(lu)面(mian)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)差及(ji)(ji)施工排水(shui)設施設置(zhi)不(bu)當，使雨水(shui)和其(qi)他(ta)水(shui)源延縫隙(xi)向路(lu)基(ji)(ji)內滲透(tou)而(er)導致路(lu)基(ji)(ji)軟(ruan)化。此外由于地下水(shui)位的(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)使路(lu)基(ji)(ji)長(chang)時間(jian)處于潮濕狀(zhuang)態(tai)也可導致路(lu)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)化。

軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)基因其(qi)成因往往具有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)特點，具體(ti)(ti)(ti)表現(xian)在。軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)基在荷載(zai)作用(yong)下達到壓(ya)縮(suo)穩(wen)定(ding)所(suo)需要的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間更長，且其(qi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)基的(de)(de)(de)側(ce)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)較(jiao)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)土(tu)(tu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)偏(pian)大(da)(da)(da)。軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)基的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)是因為其(qi)土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)為淤泥或淤質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)，含(han)水(shui)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)，待其(qi)壓(ya)縮(suo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)后(hou)排出水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)故其(qi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。同樣因為軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)基的(de)(de)(de)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。其(qi)所(suo)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)自由水(shui)在土(tu)(tu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)空(kong)隙中很難流動。故在荷載(zai)作用(yong)下水(shui)不能很快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)排出。因此其(qi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)作用(yong)只能慢慢進行(xing)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)要持(chi)續數年甚至數十(shi)年。同時(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)基因其(qi)較(jiao)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)土(tu)(tu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)偏(pian)大(da)(da)(da)。其(qi)側(ce)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)與豎向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)之比也(ye)較(jiao)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)土(tu)(tu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)偏(pian)大(da)(da)(da)。

1.2、軟(ruan)土(tu)路基的危害

軟土路(lu)基的(de)(de)危害可以分為(wei)路(lu)橋(qiao)施工(gong)過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)危害和路(lu)橋(qiao)使用過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)危害。

施(shi)(shi)工過(guo)程中(zhong)一般容(rong)易出現(xian)(xian)兩個(ge)方面的(de)問題。首先，在(zai)路(lu)(lu)堤(di)的(de)填土過(guo)程中(zhong)，容(rong)易出現(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)失穩的(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，進而引起路(lu)(lu)基(ji)的(de)滑坡。為了防止這種現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)的(de)出現(xian)(xian)，在(zai)對路(lu)(lu)堤(di)進行填土時(shi)，要(yao)對填土速(su)度(du)進行控(kong)制，確保速(su)度(du)均(jun)勻(yun)穩定，保證路(lu)(lu)堤(di)填土的(de)順利實現(xian)(xian)，確保工程的(de)施(shi)(shi)工質量，同(tong)時(shi)，要(yao)在(zai)不影響工程進度(du)的(de)情況下(xia)完成。其(qi)次，在(zai)路(lu)(lu)堤(di)填土完成后以及路(lu)(lu)堤(di)填筑(zhu)的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，路(lu)(lu)基(ji)都會出現(xian)(xian)一定的(de)沉(chen)降(jiang)和剩余(yu)沉(chen)降(jiang)，為了保證路(lu)(lu)橋的(de)正常使(shi)用，要(yao)結合(he)路(lu)(lu)橋的(de)實際情況，充分(fen)考慮(lv)其(qi)承載能力(li)，選擇(ze)適當的(de)軟土路(lu)(lu)基(ji)處理方式，

在路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)程中，軟(ruan)土路(lu)基(ji)的(de)(de)影(ying)響非(fei)常(chang)(chang)大(da)，其對路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)承載能力(li)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)壽命產(chan)生(sheng)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)影(ying)響，輕則造成路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)大(da)面積塌陷，影(ying)響正常(chang)(chang)使(shi)用(yong)，重則造成路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)徹(che)底癱瘓，給國家造成巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟損失(shi)，因此，在選(xuan)擇軟(ruan)土路(lu)基(ji)處理技(ji)術時，一(yi)定要(yao)結(jie)合路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)實(shi)際數(shu)據，對路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)交通(tong)流量和(he)承載能力(li)有一(yi)個(ge)詳細的(de)(de)了解(jie)，確保路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)質量合格，經(jing)得(de)起時間的(de)(de)考驗。

2、常用的路(lu)橋(qiao)軟土路(lu)基的施工技術(shu)

2.1、排水固(gu)結(jie)法(fa)

該方法的(de)(de)主要目的(de)(de)是(shi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，具(ju)體(ti)有兩種措施(shi)。首(shou)先，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量較(jiao)少的(de)(de)軟土(tu)，在實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中，可以通過熱(re)化處理，將(jiang)土(tu)體(ti)中的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分排(pai)(pai)(pai)除，進而提(ti)高土(tu)層的(de)(de)固結程度，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)土(tu)層的(de)(de)自身強(qiang)(qiang)度，其(qi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法簡便(bian)，但(dan)是(shi)限制較(jiao)大，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量較(jiao)高的(de)(de)土(tu)層作用不大。其(qi)次(ci)，在軟土(tu)路(lu)基(ji)中加(jia)入排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管道，并(bing)在土(tu)層上(shang)部施(shi)加(jia)一定的(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)，將(jiang)土(tu)中過量的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分“擠”出來，通過排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管道逐漸(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)除，從(cong)而減小土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)空隙比，使得(de)軟土(tu)路(lu)基(ji)固結變(bian)形，強(qiang)(qiang)度得(de)到加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)。這種施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法必須關注兩個部分，即(ji)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)和加(jia)壓(ya)系統(tong)。

排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水系統的構建可(ke)以(yi)通過設置(zhi)砂井或塑料(liao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水板(ban)(ban)來實現(xian)。目前(qian)，通常(chang)使(shi)用織(zhi)物(wu)袋裝砂井，成(cheng)本較低、施工簡單、排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水效(xiao)果也(ye)較好。塑料(liao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水板(ban)(ban)是在軟土層插入塑料(liao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水板(ban)(ban)作為滲水的通道，可(ke)以(yi)有效(xiao)地加(jia)快(kuai)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水的速度。

加壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系統(tong)較為常(chang)見的是在軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)上進行預壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。在工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備階段(duan)，預先對軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)施加壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力，使其沉降(jiang)，提高軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)基的承(cheng)載(zai)能(neng)力，施加的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力可以與路(lu)橋通車后的承(cheng)載(zai)能(neng)力相同，也可以適當超出。對于黏土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)較薄或者淺(qian)層(ceng)土(tu)(tu)可以用(yong)單(dan)獨堆載(zai)的方法。

2.2、置換法

以(yi)優質(zhi)土(tu)來(lai)置(zhi)(zhi)換比較軟弱的土(tu)，確保土(tu)質(zhi)的穩定(ding)和減少沉降量。使用方法(fa)(fa)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為人工挖掘置(zhi)(zhi)換或(huo)是用爆破的方法(fa)(fa)將軟弱土(tu)擠(ji)出的強制換。這(zhe)樣的施工方法(fa)(fa)比較容易，部分(fen)(fen)(fen)的情(qing)況下(xia)可(ke)以(yi)在短時間內可(ke)以(yi)達到所要的目的。從(cong)可(ke)靠性的方法(fa)(fa)來(lai)講人工挖掘置(zhi)(zhi)換較優。置(zhi)(zhi)換的材(cai)料要使用可(ke)以(yi)受到水浸液(ye)不會導致降低(di)承載力。但是要在置(zhi)(zhi)換后進(jin)行充分(fen)(fen)(fen)的壓(ya)實。

2.3、粉噴樁法

粉(fen)噴樁法(fa)以(yi)粉(fen)體(ti)做加(jia)固料，無需向(xiang)路(lu)基中注入附(fu)加(jia)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)，并(bing)可充(chong)分(fen)(fen)吸取(qu)地下(xia)水(shui)，能夠加(jia)快軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)基的(de)沉(chen)降速(su)率（石灰系列），減少(shao)軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)基沉(chen)降量，較快增加(jia)軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)基承載力，使(shi)大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)沉(chen)降在工(gong)前完成，進而(er)減少(shao)了工(gong)后的(de)沉(chen)降量。該工(gong)法(fa)加(jia)固軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)基的(de)作(zuo)用原理，具體(ti)作(zuo)用有四個(ge)方面：

（1）樁(zhuang)(zhuang)體作(zuo)用：路(lu)基中(zhong)的應力在(zai)路(lu)堤填筑荷(he)載作(zuo)用下按材料模量(liang)進行分布。由于粉噴(pen)(pen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的剛度較樁(zhuang)(zhuang)周圍土(tu)(tu)(tu)體大，因此產(chan)生應力集中(zhong)，大部分填土(tu)(tu)(tu)荷(he)載由粉噴(pen)(pen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)承(cheng)擔(dan)，樁(zhuang)(zhuang)間土(tu)(tu)(tu)所受(shou)作(zuo)用應力相(xiang)應減少，這樣就相(xiang)應提(ti)高了原路(lu)基的路(lu)基承(cheng)載力，亦可減少路(lu)基沉(chen)降量(liang)。

（2）墊層作(zuo)用：通過噴注水泥粉，粉噴樁和路基(ji)土均(jun)勻原位攪拌硬結成樁體(ti)，并(bing)和樁間土結合組成一(yi)個復合路基(ji)（或稱復合層）。顯然，這一(yi)復合層的力學特性優(you)于天然軟土路基(ji)，起(qi)到(dao)了(le)平(ping)均(jun)應力和擴大應力擴散(san)角的作(zuo)用。

（3）擠密作用(yong)：在噴注(zhu)水(shui)泥粉和路(lu)基土(tu)(tu)組成樁(zhuang)體(ti)的(de)過程中，粉噴樁(zhuang)不(bu)再向路(lu)基土(tu)(tu)中附(fu)加(jia)注(zhu)入水(shui)，反(fan)而樁(zhuang)體(ti)中的(de)水(shui)泥粉對其周(zhou)圍的(de)軟土(tu)(tu)具有吸(xi)水(shui)、膨脹和發熱的(de)作用(yong)，同時(shi)對樁(zhuang)周(zhou)圍土(tu)(tu)起(qi)到了擠密效果。因此軟土(tu)(tu)路(lu)基經(jing)加(jia)固后初(chu)期強(qiang)度得到加(jia)強(qiang)，在加(jia)固含水(shui)量大的(de)軟土(tu)(tu)時(shi)效果更為(wei)顯著。

（4）加(jia)筋作(zuo)用：粉(fen)噴(pen)樁與(yu)路(lu)基土形成的(de)樁體，除了(le)可以(yi)增大路(lu)基承載力，還(huan)能夠(gou)加(jia)強土體的(de)抗剪(jian)強度，進而增大了(le)填筑軟基路(lu)堤的(de)穩(wen)定性。

2.4、砂(sha)墊(dian)層和砂(sha)石(shi)墊(dian)層換填

在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)軟路(lu)基(ji)施工(gong)(gong)過程中，由于(yu)軟土路(lu)基(ji)是非常不穩(wen)(wen)固的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)路(lu)基(ji)，這給我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)橋施工(gong)(gong)過程帶來了極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)難度，因此，我(wo)們(men)可以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)鋪設砂(sha)(sha)礫(li)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式來避免這一(yi)過程，鋪設完成后再夯實(shi)，就可以(yi)(yi)做到穩(wen)(wen)固作用(yong)。采用(yong)這種(zhong)施工(gong)(gong)技術具(ju)(ju)有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點，其(qi)不僅僅可以(yi)(yi)達到承(cheng)載力方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，同時(shi)還可以(yi)(yi)對路(lu)基(ji)表層的(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)效果進(jin)行(xing)優(you)化。在(zai)具(ju)(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟土路(lu)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)中，我(wo)們(men)可以(yi)(yi)按照設計(ji)方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇顆(ke)粒稍微(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)礫(li)石(shi)(shi)，在(zai)十分必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下，我(wo)們(men)也可以(yi)(yi)摻入(ru)鵝(e)卵(luan)石(shi)(shi)，當(dang)然，這些都是根(gen)據施工(gong)(gong)地點的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)確定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)旦將選(xuan)(xuan)擇砂(sha)(sha)礫(li)石(shi)(shi)確定(ding)以(yi)(yi)后，就要(yao)開始對路(lu)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)槽(cao)進(jin)行(xing)處理，如果溝(gou)槽(cao)中還有水(shui)，應該采取一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)措施，接(jie)著就將事先已經(jing)配好的(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)礫(li)石(shi)(shi)填進(jin)去。在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)填入(ru)時(shi)，應該進(jin)行(xing)逐(zhu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)夯實(shi)，特別要(yao)控(kong)制好填料的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)水(shui)量。

2.5、深層石灰攪(jiao)拌樁法

深層次的(de)(de)石灰(hui)攪(jiao)拌(ban)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)是(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)路(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)軟(ruan)(ruan)路(lu)基施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)環(huan)節。在路(lu)橋施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)有一樣(yang)不可缺少的(de)(de)材料(liao)就是(shi)石灰(hui)，而在軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)基的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，就更該注意石灰(hui)的(de)(de)利用，并且要(yao)(yao)極其注重石灰(hui)攪(jiao)拌(ban)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)問題。在具體的(de)(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)基的(de)(de)處(chu)理中(zhong)，對于粘(zhan)度較高的(de)(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)(tu)，最好(hao)采用深層的(de)(de)石灰(hui)攪(jiao)拌(ban)樁(zhuang)，也就說根據提(ti)讓的(de)(de)具體性質，將路(lu)基土(tu)(tu)和石灰(hui)土(tu)(tu)進行(xing)配(pei)合，按照一定(ding)的(de)(de)比例進行(xing)攪(jiao)拌(ban)，使其進行(xing)化學反應，經過這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)處(chu)理后，就可以(yi)(yi)使路(lu)基的(de)(de)強(qiang)度以(yi)(yi)及(ji)承(cheng)載(zai)力達到(dao)相關的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

3、軟土(tu)路基處理方法的(de)選擇

首先通過工程(cheng)勘察，確(que)定路基條件，研討確(que)定是否需要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)軟土路基的路基處(chu)理(li)。如果(guo)存在需要(yao)(yao)處(chu)理(li)的軟土路基，則著重通過地質(zhi)條件、施(shi)工環境施(shi)工要(yao)(yao)求等，來選(xuan)擇確(que)定軟基處(chu)理(li)方(fang)案。

3.1、地質條件

（1）軟土(tu)的(de)(de)性質。液化嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)砂土(tu)，適于采用(yong)砂樁、碎石樁或者振(zhen)動固結(jie)的(de)(de)方(fang)式；粘土(tu)質路(lu)基(ji)，幾乎所有的(de)(de)軟基(ji)處(chu)理(li)方(fang)法(fa)都能適用(yong)，同(tong)時應盡可(ke)能減少(shao)路(lu)基(ji)擾動；泥炭(tan)質路(lu)基(ji)，可(ke)采用(yong)排水固結(jie)法(fa)減少(shao)殘余(yu)沉降，采用(yong)反壓護道或復合路(lu)基(ji)提(ti)高穩定性。

（2）軟土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的厚(hou)度(du)。軟土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)淺薄時(shi)，可采用(yong)(yong)表層(ceng)(ceng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理法(fa)(fa)，對重(zhong)要構造(zao)物基礎可采用(yong)(yong)換填法(fa)(fa)。軟土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)較厚(hou)時(shi)，一般(ban)(ban)可采用(yong)(yong)表層(ceng)(ceng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理與其他深層(ceng)(ceng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理法(fa)(fa)聯合使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，如砂(sha)墊(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)+砂(sha)井(jing)（袋裝砂(sha)井(jing)、塑(su)料排水板(ban)），砂(sha)墊(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)+復合路(lu)基（旋噴樁、粒料樁、CFG）等。軟土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)很厚(hou)時(shi)，采用(yong)(yong)排水固結法(fa)(fa)或復合路(lu)基法(fa)(fa)全層(ceng)(ceng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理既困難(nan)又不(bu)經濟(ji)，堆(dui)載預壓效果(guo)也(ye)不(bu)大，一般(ban)(ban)只需處(chu)(chu)(chu)理到(dao)適(shi)當深度(du)即可。

（3）有(you)無(wu)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)。軟(ruan)基(ji)有(you)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)（砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)）且厚度較薄 (3～4m) 時，僅作表層(ceng)(ceng)處理或填(tian)土預(yu)壓(ya)(ya)即(ji)可(ke)，利用(yong)自身條件進行(xing)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)固(gu)結，從而達到加速沉降、提高強度的(de)(de)要求。軟(ruan)土層(ceng)(ceng)厚又無(wu)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)（砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)）的(de)(de)情況，可(ke)采用(yong)砂(sha)井、袋裝砂(sha)井和(he)塑料排(pai)水(shui)(shui)板(ban)等垂直(zhi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)固(gu)結法控制(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)基(ji)沉降，采用(yong)反壓(ya)(ya)護道、復合路(lu)基(ji)處理控制(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)基(ji)穩定。深度淺的(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)覆厚（4m 以上(shang)）軟(ruan)土層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)情況，采用(yong)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)固(gu)結和(he)堆載預(yu)壓(ya)(ya)等控制(zhi)(zhi)沉降即(ji)可(ke)，并可(ke)輔以真空預(yu)壓(ya)(ya)，此時若進行(xing)換(huan)填(tian)性(xing)價(jia)比較低。

3.2、施(shi)工的環境

不同(tong)的(de)施(shi)工環(huan)境(jing)所使用的(de)處理(li)方法(fa)有所不同(tong)，經(jing)濟性也出現一(yi)定的(de)差異。如，噪音、振動路基和(he)地(di)下水的(de)變(bian)(bian)化和(he)排(pai)出的(de)淤泥(ni)等(deng)，在選擇(ze)施(shi)工方法(fa)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)要慎重考慮(lv)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)因素。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)還要在路堤(di)高(gao)度(du)較(jiao)高(gao)而路基比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)軟弱的(de)情(qing)況下，周圍的(de)路基經(jing)常(chang)會發生(sheng)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)大的(de)沉降。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)在路堤(di)坡腳(jiao)附近有居民和(he)重要的(de)構造(zao)時(shi)(shi)，要考慮(lv)減小總沉降量和(he)控制剪(jian)切變(bian)(bian)形的(de)方法(fa)作(zuo)為主要的(de)措施(shi)。不可以(yi)采用這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)方法(fa)的(de)情(qing)況下，首先(xian)要考慮(lv)對構造(zao)物保(bao)護的(de)影(ying)響，不然就要考慮(lv)以(yi)高(gao)架構造(zao)物來代替路堤(di)。

結語

總而言之(zhi)，在(zai)經濟發展(zhan)過程中(zhong)，路(lu)橋(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程越來越重要，但是在(zai)路(lu)橋(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)中(zhong)會遇到很(hen)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，這些問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)出現對(dui)于路(lu)橋(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)質量會帶來很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。其(qi)中(zhong)，加快軟(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)基處理是保(bao)(bao)障路(lu)橋(qiao)運輸事(shi)業(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。因此，道路(lu)工(gong)程技(ji)術人員應提高(gao)對(dui)軟(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)基的(de)(de)(de)理解(jie)，同(tong)時提高(gao)自身的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術水平，保(bao)(bao)障軟(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)基處理效(xiao)果，實現我(wo)國路(lu)橋(qiao)施工(gong)建(jian)設技(ji)術應用(yong)目標。

參考文獻：

[1]王傳高,伊旭春. 路橋路基施工中(zhong)軟土路基的科學處理[J]. 中(zhong)國(guo)新技(ji)術新產品,2010,23:102.

篇6

【關鍵詞】道路(lu)橋梁;施工(gong)技(ji)術;工(gong)程(cheng)措施

隨著(zhu)國民經濟持(chi)續增(zeng)長，城(cheng)市(shi)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)建設事業蓬勃發展(zhan)，在(zai)以推動社會(hui)主義現(xian)代化(hua)建設的(de)(de)背景條件(jian)下(xia)，城(cheng)市(shi)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)逐年增(zeng)多，各省市(shi)地區的(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)進(jin)行。為了滿(man)足現(xian)代化(hua)建設發展(zhan)對交通(tong)運輸的(de)(de)需求，保(bao)證路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)建設的(de)(de)質量性和科學性，減少(shao)因路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量問題而(er)引起(qi)的(de)(de)安全事故，就(jiu)必須從城(cheng)市(shi)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技術著(zhu)手，提高路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技術水平，加強路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技術各環節(jie)及關鍵(jian)環節(jie)的(de)(de)全面掌控(kong)。只有這樣(yang)，才能促進(jin)我國城(cheng)市(shi)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)建設事業穩定可持(chi)續發展(zhan)。

一、城市道路橋梁施工中的技(ji)術問題(ti)

由于(yu)當(dang)前我(wo)國城市整體規劃面積逐漸縮(suo)小(xiao)，而為了滿足(zu)城市現代化建設可(ke)持續發展，城市道路(lu)橋(qiao)梁建設的整體布(bu)局和(he)規劃也發展變(bian)革(ge)，這就對路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)的要求越來(lai)越高，而施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)水(shui)平高低(di)直接影響路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全進(jin)度質量整體性能及(ji)使用壽命。特別是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)問題會影響施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度，導致整個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)的各(ge)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作難以控制(zhi)。以下就城市路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中常見(jian)的技術(shu)問題進(jin)行分(fen)析和(he)探討。

第(di)一，橋頭跳車問(wen)題。所謂橋頭跳車是由于(yu)道路(lu)橋頭及伸縮縫處的(de)差異沉降或(huo)伸縮縫破壞而使路(lu)面縱坡(po)出現臺階引起車輛通過時產(chan)生跳躍的(de)現象。造成這種情況發生的(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因是臺背回填的(de)密實度(du)和灰劑量與實際設計要求不符，使得整體(ti)強度(du)達不到(dao)施工(gong)標準，在荷載作用(yong)力超出實際承受范圍時，就會出現橋頭跳車。

第二(er)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)場地問題。通常情況(kuang)下，城市道路與橋梁施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的過(guo)渡段和(he)銜接部位多(duo)是橋頭施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的薄弱環(huan)節，一旦出(chu)現差錯，就易造成橋頭沉陷或裂縫(feng)。因此，在回填(tian)(tian)土過(guo)程中，應(ying)采取(qu)與相鄰部位的路基施(shi)(shi)工(gong)相一致的形式進行回填(tian)(tian)土施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，如果條件不允許，需要結合實際情況(kuang)，分層(ceng)加寬成階，然后再進行相應(ying)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)序。

第三(san)，銜(xian)接處(chu)沉(chen)陷(xian)(xian)作用問題。現代很多道(dao)路(lu)橋梁都以剛性結構為主，這(zhe)種結構的(de)特點就是強度高韌性好(hao)，不易發(fa)生沉(chen)陷(xian)(xian)。但(dan)是，由于(yu)路(lu)基會存在不同(tong)程度的(de)變形，在橋梁的(de)剛性結構與柔性路(lu)基的(de)銜(xian)接處(chu)易產生沉(chen)陷(xian)(xian)作用，雖然這(zhe)一技術問題不能完全避免。但(dan)是，在施工(gong)中應注意采取(qu)做好(hao)的(de)施工(gong)操作方法，盡(jin)可(ke)能加長過(guo)渡段的(de)長度;以此緩(huan)解路(lu)橋銜(xian)接處(chu)所發(fa)生的(de)沉(chen)陷(xian)(xian)作用。

第四(si)，伸縮(suo)縫(feng)問(wen)題(ti)。伸縮(suo)縫(feng)施工技術問(wen)題(ti)是造(zao)成(cheng)橋(qiao)頭跳車現象發(fa)生的重要(yao)問(wen)題(ti)。通常進(jin)行伸縮(suo)縫(feng)施工的方法是現在(zai)伸縮(suo)縫(feng)的位置(zhi)填土(tu)，并(bing)進(jin)行有效(xiao)壓實，待混凝土(tu)澆筑完成(cheng)后，然后挖出伸縮(suo)縫(feng)里的填土(tu)，再(zai)進(jin)行伸縮(suo)縫(feng)施工。在(zai)鋪筑瀝青時(shi)，會(hui)因為伸縮(suo)縫(feng)填土(tu)不密實而造(zao)成(cheng)攤鋪機跳動問(wen)題(ti)發(fa)生。

二、如何(he)提高(gao)城市道(dao)路橋梁(liang)施工(gong)技(ji)術

（一）混凝土施(shi)工技(ji)術

在(zai)進(jin)行道路橋梁的混凝(ning)土施工(gong)時，要注(zhu)意原材料(liao)的配制、攪拌、澆筑、振搗(dao)等關鍵的施工(gong)環(huan)節。

首先，混(hun)凝土攪(jiao)拌時(shi)，要保證(zheng)其均(jun)勻(yun)性(xing)，在(zai)路(lu)橋面施(shi)工(gong)中應(ying)(ying)采取機(ji)械(xie)攪(jiao)拌的(de)方(fang)法，選擇合適的(de)攪(jiao)拌機(ji)械(xie)。要想保證(zheng)混(hun)凝土攪(jiao)拌的(de)均(jun)勻(yun)性(xing)，在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)投料時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)嚴格按照混(hun)凝土技術(shu)施(shi)工(gong)操作流程進(jin)行(xing)投料，即水(shui)泥、集料、添加(jia)劑(ji)，依次按照先后順序(xu)進(jin)行(xing)投料。

其次，混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)和振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)，路橋(qiao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)施工中，混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)施工需要保證(zheng)銜(xian)接部位不會有明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)接頭，澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)過程中要避免停頓，保證(zheng)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續性(xing)。混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)完成后(hou)需要采用機械振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)或人工振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法來密實混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)，以(yi)此提高混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密實度(du)和整(zheng)體性(xing)能，避免混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)中出現空氣縫隙(xi)，為了(le)保證(zheng)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均勻分布，應(ying)選擇合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)棒。這樣可以(yi)提高混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)振(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)效果，從而避免因混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)溫度(du)下降產生收(shou)縮應(ying)力(li)和荷載作用力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互(hu)傳遞，最終影(ying)響混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)質量。

（二）路橋(qiao)過渡(du)段施工技術

路橋過渡(du)段是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中較為(wei)薄(bo)弱的環節，也是施工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業中較為(wei)關(guan)鍵的一個環節。因此，在應用路橋過渡(du)段施工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)時，應注意填料、壓實效果、排水(shui)及安全等方(fang)面的技術(shu)施工(gong)(gong)和操作(zuo)。

1.填料的(de)合理選擇

進(jin)行臺(tai)背路堤(di)填(tian)筑前，應選擇(ze)合理的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，將選擇(ze)各(ge)類填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)行對比(bi)試驗(yan)，確保填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)選擇(ze)的(de)(de)科學性(xing)(xing)合理性(xing)(xing)以及(ji)有效性(xing)(xing)。具體的(de)(de)試驗(yan)內容包括： （1）對填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)液限(xian)與(yu)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)行測(ce)定;（2）根據(ju)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在壓(ya)實機(ji)作用下(xia)產生的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)壓(ya)實效果，應對壓(ya)實機(ji)的(de)(de)碾壓(ya)系(xi)數及(ji)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)鋪筑厚度進(jin)行調整，加強兩者之間(jian)的(de)(de)相互(hu)關(guan)系(xi)，從而(er)獲得各(ge)種填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)技術指標，選擇(ze)最佳(jia)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao);（3）為(wei)了保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)經濟性(xing)(xing)和適用性(xing)(xing)，應倡導就地取材(cai)，還需要選擇(ze)砂土容量大(da)及(ji)滲(shen)水性(xing)(xing)好的(de)(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。

2.優化壓實效果

在實際施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)，路橋過渡(du)段的(de)填(tian)土施(shi)工(gong)都是按照設計要求(qiu)同時(shi)(shi)進行的(de)，所(suo)以在分層填(tian)筑(zhu)時(shi)(shi)，每(mei)層填(tian)料(liao)的(de)壓(ya)實厚度應控(kong)制在規定標(biao)準，通常情況下不會超過15cm。整個填(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)實的(de)施(shi)工(gong)流程(cheng)為：卸土-灑水-機械平(ping)整-人工(gong)平(ping)整-壓(ya)實機碾壓(ya)-壓(ya)實度檢測(ce)。在壓(ya)實過程(cheng)中(zhong)應注意(yi)壓(ya)實度與(yu)標(biao)準要求(qiu)相(xiang)符，并注意(yi)保護臺身(shen)。

3.路基排水施工技術

道路(lu)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)影響因(yin)素與(yu)水(shui)(shui)有很大的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，如果路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)中(zhong)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)施工(gong)技術應(ying)用不(bu)合理(li)，達不(bu)到實(shi)際排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)效果，就會影響路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，在后期投入使用中(zhong)，會因(yin)路(lu)橋(qiao)面積水(shui)(shui)滲入路(lu)橋(qiao)結(jie)構體系(xi)中(zhong)，進而造成結(jie)構強度下降或混凝土中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)鋼筋(jin)腐蝕，導致裂(lie)縫變形及沉降等質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)。

城市道(dao)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁路(lu)(lu)基(ji)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)施工(gong)主(zhu)要分(fen)為兩(liang)部分(fen)，其一是地面(mian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，通常(chang)會(hui)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施有(you)截水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)(gou)、邊(bian)溝(gou)(gou)、排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管等。通常(chang)情況下(xia)，會(hui)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)鋪砌防護，采(cai)(cai)用鋼筋混凝土技術進行施工(gong)和加(jia)固(gu)。當前，很(hen)多道(dao)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁施工(gong)多是通過水(shui)(shui)(shui)網地段的(de)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)，原(yuan)始(shi)的(de)縫(feng)溝(gou)(gou)設(she)置(zhi)方式有(you)所改善(shan)，加(jia)強了橋(qiao)(qiao)梁沿線(xian)兩(liang)側(ce)的(de)溝(gou)(gou)渠布(bu)置(zhi)，減少了涵洞的(de)設(she)置(zhi)，使(shi)得(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁路(lu)(lu)基(ji)的(de)整體質(zhi)量(liang)得(de)到提升。其二是路(lu)(lu)面(mian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，路(lu)(lu)面(mian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)就是在最短的(de)時間內將路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)的(de)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)(pai)(pai)出，以減少積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)從(cong)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)滲入，造成(cheng)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)沖刷，影響路(lu)(lu)基(ji)工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)。

（三）安全技術

道路橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程是我(wo)國基礎設(she)施(shi)建設(she)的重(zhong)點項目，其(qi)具有工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期長材料設(she)備(bei)(bei)投入(ru)大等(deng)特點，所以在實(shi)際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，做好(hao)安全(quan)管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作尤為(wei)重(zhong)要。首(shou)先(xian)，要健(jian)全(quan)路橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)管理(li)(li)體系，建立施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場安全(quan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制度，明確(que)各崗位職責，并設(she)立獎勵機制，確(que)保安全(quan)技術手段(duan)得到有效落實(shi)和執(zhi)行;其(qi)次，要加強安全(quan)監督技術檢查(cha)，定(ding)期進行安全(quan)檢查(cha)，如防(fang)(fang)火(huo)防(fang)(fang)盜防(fang)(fang)爆用電(dian)安全(quan)機械設(she)備(bei)(bei)檢查(cha)等(deng)。

結 語

綜上所(suo)述，我(wo)國社(she)會經濟正(zheng)處于(yu)高速發(fa)展的(de)(de)時期(qi)，城(cheng)市(shi)化進(jin)程不斷加快，在人們生活水(shui)(shui)平日益提(ti)高的(de)(de)情況下，對周(zhou)邊環境質量的(de)(de)要(yao)求越老(lao)越高，尤其是城(cheng)市(shi)交(jiao)通(tong)環境。要(yao)想提(ti)高城(cheng)市(shi)道路橋梁工(gong)程的(de)(de)質量水(shui)(shui)平，就(jiu)必須改進(jin)和提(ti)高施工(gong)技術(shu)水(shui)(shui)平，加大先進(jin)施工(gong)技術(shu)的(de)(de)應用，及時解決可(ke)能或已經發(fa)生的(de)(de)質量問題，從而促進(jin)我(wo)國城(cheng)市(shi)道路橋梁建設事業可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)展。

參考文獻

[1]聞惠良.城市道路(lu)橋梁工(gong)(gong)程路(lu)基(ji)路(lu)面的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術探索(suo)[J].建材發展(zhan)導向. 2013

[2]黎(li)超明.淺析城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)道(dao)路橋梁施工及養護技(ji)術[J] 城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設.2010

篇7

關鍵詞：軟基路(lu)基；施工技術；探討

Abstract: The author analyzed the existing bridge transition section as well as some of the traditional solution, while several can be applied to the new approach in the transition section of highway bridges in the soft soil roadbed construction.Keywords: soft foundation; construction technology; explore

中圖分類(lei)號(hao)：TU7文(wen)獻標識碼：A文(wen)章編(bian)號(hao)：2095-2104（2012）

公路(lu)(lu)運輸效率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低對國家經濟快速的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展有著很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。如(ru)何改善在公路(lu)(lu)過渡段軟基路(lu)(lu)基的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工質量(liang)是人們(men)一(yi)(yi)直關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。我們(men)應該將先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學技術，如(ru)自動控制技術、計算機技術等與傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工方(fang)法相結(jie)合，探求一(yi)(yi)種新方(fang)法來(lai)提高對軟土(tu)路(lu)(lu)基的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工能力。在軟土(tu)地(di)基路(lu)(lu)段，尤其是在橋(qiao)梁引(yin)道處(chu)，由于橋(qiao)臺與路(lu)(lu)基的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)差異性(xing)以及路(lu)(lu)基沉降等原因，極易產生沉降差，導致路(lu)(lu)面不(bu)平順，出現(xian)橋(qiao)頭跳車(che)(che)現(xian)象(xiang)，引(yin)起車(che)(che)輛行駛的(de)(de)(de)(de)舒適與安全問(wen)題。因此，在路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)之(zhi)(zhi)間設置一(yi)(yi)定長(chang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡段，使路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)逐(zhu)漸(jian)變化，減少路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)間差異沉降，防止或避免(mian)橋(qiao)頭跳車(che)(che)現(xian)象(xiang)。

1 路橋過渡段沉降原(yuan)因

路橋過(guo)渡(du)段(duan)的(de)不均(jun)勻(yun)沉(chen)降(jiang)會降(jiang)低(di)駕車(che)(che)的(de)舒適度，通過(guo)時車(che)(che)輛產生顛簸(bo)和跳動，即橋頭跳車(che)(che)的(de)現象；過(guo)渡(du)段(duan)長期(qi)通車(che)(che)對(dui)車(che)(che)輛以及路面(mian)傷害很大，同時容易引發交通事故，造成生命(ming)財產損失。路橋過(guo)渡(du)段(duan)不均(jun)勻(yun)沉(chen)降(jiang)的(de)現象受(shou)多(duo)方面(mian)因素的(de)影響，主(zhu)要包括(kuo)：

地基土質

含水量高(gao)(gao)、壓縮(suo)性高(gao)(gao)、有(you)機(ji)含量高(gao)(gao)、靈敏度(du)高(gao)(gao)、滲透系數小、抗減(jian)強度(du)低(di)等是軟土的(de)主要特點，導致土體(ti)的(de)承載(zai)能(neng)力較(jiao)低(di)，當其受到載(zai)荷擾(rao)動時，天然(ran)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)便會(hui)被破壞，最終導致強度(du)大大降低(di)。公路(lu)(lu)建設(she)施工期間，有(you)很多(duo)方面都會(hui)受到條件限制，為了控制橋(qiao)梁的(de)長度(du)，會(hui)使路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)過渡段處的(de)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)填筑高(gao)(gao)度(du)變大，導致路(lu)(lu)基(ji)底部所承受的(de)附加應力強度(du)增(zeng)加，當有(you)車輛(liang)過橋(qiao)時，由于(yu)車輛(liang)載(zai)荷的(de)作用，更(geng)容易(yi)在軟弱的(de)地基(ji)區域內(nei)出現沉陷、壓縮(suo)等問題。

1.2 臺后填料

臺(tai)(tai)(tai)前(qian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)后的(de)防護排水(shui)設置、填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)自(zi)身(shen)性質(zhi)以及臺(tai)(tai)(tai)后路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)路(lu)面的(de)施工條件(jian)是(shi)引起(qi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)后填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)縮沉降(jiang)的(de)主要(yao)因素。在(zai)路(lu)橋(qiao)的(de)使用過(guo)程中，路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)重及車(che)輛振動載荷總會(hui)同時(shi)作用在(zai)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)上，這樣(yang)一來填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)內空隙率減小(xiao)而(er)壓(ya)實度(du)增大(da)，最(zui)終會(hui)被擠密、壓(ya)縮，產(chan)生路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)沉降(jiang)。采用多孔隙滲透(tou)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)用于減少由臺(tai)(tai)(tai)背填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)縮引起(qi)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)沉降(jiang)的(de)有效方法。但是(shi)，在(zai)施工時(shi)，壓(ya)實機(ji)具對(dui)靠近(jin)橋(qiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)邊緣搭接處填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)壓(ya)實度(du)不夠，也會(hui)在(zai)過(guo)渡(du)橋(qiao)段出現沉降(jiang)差。除(chu)此之外，如果對(dui)后臺(tai)(tai)(tai)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)排水(shui)系統設計不合理，后臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)雨水(shui)的(de)沖刷下(xia)可能產(chan)生嚴重的(de)流失(shi)，導致后臺(tai)(tai)(tai)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)局部脫空，同時(shi)施工規范不合理、填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量不滿足規范標(biao)準和設計要(yao)求(qiu)同樣(yang)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)路(lu)橋(qiao)過(guo)渡(du)段的(de)沉降(jiang)。

1.3 剛度差異

路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)過渡段是路(lu)基(ji)與橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)連接部(bu)位，一(yi)般(ban)情況下(xia)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)與路(lu)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)剛性是不同的(de)(de)(de)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)墩柱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)下(xia)方(fang)一(yi)般(ban)都有堅實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)支撐物，目的(de)(de)(de)是提高橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)基(ji)礎的(de)(de)(de)可靠性，這樣橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)處的(de)(de)(de)沉降(jiang)變(bian)位會很小，基(ji)本(ben)可以忽略不計；而道路(lu)路(lu)基(ji)下(xia)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)基(ji)很松散(san)，剛性比(bi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)小，因此在路(lu)面重力載(zai)荷(he)和車輛載(zai)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)，路(lu)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)變(bian)和橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)變(bian)是不同的(de)(de)(de)，造成過渡段的(de)(de)(de)沉降(jiang)差。

1.4 其它原因

道(dao)路在(zai)前期的設計(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)不(bu)當，以及運營時車(che)輛超(chao)載等一(yi)些方面的因素都(dou)可能加劇橋頭路面坑洼破壞，導(dao)致路橋過(guo)渡段出現沉降(jiang)差(cha)。

2 傳統路橋過渡段軟(ruan)基處理方法

2.1 提(ti)高臺(tai)后路堤的密實度

通(tong)(tong)過提高(gao)臺后路(lu)(lu)堤的(de)(de)密實度來(lai)減(jian)小路(lu)(lu)基的(de)(de)壓縮變形(xing)，我國(guo)通(tong)(tong)常采用(yong)的(de)(de)方法(fa)有塑料(liao)板排水法(fa)、強(qiang)夯(hang)法(fa)、加(jia)載預壓法(fa)和土(tu)工(gong)加(jia)筋。土(tu)工(gong)柵格是三維網(wang)狀格式結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)外運用(yong)較多新型高(gao)強(qiang)度土(tu)工(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)，在(zai)格室的(de)(de)內(nei)部填入(ru)泥土(tu)、碎石、混凝(ning)土(tu)等松散材(cai)料(liao)，構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)具有強(qiang)大(da)側向限(xian)制和大(da)剛度的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)體，不(bu)僅能減(jian)少橋(qiao)背填土(tu)的(de)(de)沉降(jiang)，還可以(yi)使路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)過渡(du)(du)段沉降(jiang)差過渡(du)(du)緩慢。

2.2 增加(jia)地基剛(gang)度和承載(zai)能(neng)力

根據(ju)工(gong)程的(de)實際情況，采(cai)用打樁或其他方(fang)法對軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)地基(ji)進行加(jia)固，常用的(de)樁基(ji)有(you)木樁、預制(zhi)樁、碎石樁、水(shui)(shui)泥土(tu)攪(jiao)拌(ban)樁等(deng)。打樁的(de)方(fang)法能(neng)夠將載荷大部分轉移到(dao)樁體上，降(jiang)低軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)承(cheng)受的(de)載荷及附(fu)加(jia)應(ying)力，快速的(de)使地基(ji)達到(dao)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)強度，明顯(xian)減(jian)小(xiao)其側向(xiang)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)位移。

2.3 路橋(qiao)間均(jun)勻過渡

采用(yong)橋頭搭板(ban)、柔性橋臺在工程中應(ying)用(yong)較多，起到剛柔均勻過(guo)渡(du)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，對(dui)預防路基的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)均勻沉降(jiang)具有一(yi)定的(de)(de)效果。傳統的(de)(de)橋頭搭板(ban)方(fang)法經常(chang)由于設計不(bu)(bu)合(he)理、施(shi)工粗糙(cao)等原因(yin)發生病害。搭板(ban)末(mo)端(duan)沉降(jiang)會造成二次跳車現象，沉降(jiang)嚴重是的(de)(de)橋面傾角過(guo)大(da)，影響行車安(an)全；長(chang)期(qi)車輛載荷沖擊(ji)下(xia)，會發生搭板(ban)斷裂(lie)、橋臺裂(lie)縫(feng)現象；搭板(ban)根部(bu)下(xia)方(fang)土體沉降(jiang)或流失，造成搭板(ban)脫空。

2.4 輕路堤法

使用輕質材料進行路(lu)橋過渡段的(de)填筑，可以降低路(lu)基本身的(de)重量，有(you)效減小軟(ruan)土層(ceng)的(de)附加應力(li)。通常選用的(de)材料有(you) ESP 塊體，泡沫混凝土以及(ji)粉煤(mei)灰等(deng)。

3 幾種新型的軟土路基加固(gu)方法

雖然對路(lu)橋過(guo)渡(du)段軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)地(di)基(ji)(ji)側處理(li)方法很多，但是不均勻(yun)沉降的現象仍然普(pu)遍(bian)發生，影響(xiang)路(lu)橋的正常使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。筆(bi)者通過(guo)分析比較目前處理(li)軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)的常用(yong)方法中得出(chu)，以下(xia)幾種(zhong)施工方法同樣適用(yong)于公路(lu)過(guo)渡(du)段軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)。

3.1 水(shui)泥(ni)攪拌樁(zhuang)加固(gu)軟土(tu)路基

水(shui)(shui)泥攪(jiao)拌樁(zhuang)法是以石(shi)灰(hui)、水(shui)(shui)泥等(deng)材(cai)料(liao)為固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)，通過(guo)(guo)深層攪(jiao)拌機械的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，將(jiang)軟(ruan)土與粉(fen)體或漿液(ye)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)基深處(chu)進(jin)行(xing)強制攪(jiao)拌，經(jing)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)系(xi)列的(de)(de)(de)物理-化(hua)學反(fan)應，形(xing)成強度高、穩定性(xing)好的(de)(de)(de)復合地(di)基。水(shui)(shui)泥攪(jiao)拌樁(zhuang)法常(chang)用(yong)于對(dui)粉(fen)土、松散砂土等(deng)地(di)基的(de)(de)(de)加固(gu)，其優點表現在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中對(dui)路堤的(de)(de)(de)干擾(rao)較小(xiao)，非常(chang)適合擴建工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工。在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工之前，首先(xian)要保證場地(di)平(ping)整，如果有低洼下陷的(de)(de)(de)區域要用(yong)粘土填平(ping)，同時需(xu)要清除場地(di)內的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切雜物，如砂墊層和生活垃圾等(deng)。施(shi)(shi)工過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工流(liu)程(cheng)如圖 1 所示。

圖 1 水泥攪拌樁施(shi)工工藝流(liu)程圖

3.2 花管注漿技(ji)術加固軟土(tu)路基(ji)

花(hua)管(guan)注(zhu)漿(jiang)技術的(de)(de)基本原理(li)是利用(yong)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)機將注(zhu)漿(jiang)花(hua)管(guan)打入到軟土(tu)路基內，然(ran)后使漿(jiang)液在(zai)壓力存在(zai)的(de)(de)條(tiao)件下均勻(yun)的(de)(de)流入地層，最終形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)以鉆(zhan)孔(kong)為軸心的(de)(de)樁體(ti)(ti)，同時會在(zai)樁體(ti)(ti)周圍的(de)(de)土(tu)體(ti)(ti)中形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)類似樹(shu)根的(de)(de)網狀復合體(ti)(ti)，其抗剪(jian)強度較高(gao)。

3.3 動力排水固(gu)結(jie)法(fa)加固(gu)軟土路(lu)基

動力排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)固(gu)(gu)結法是(shi)通(tong)過將強夯技(ji)術(shu)和(he)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)固(gu)(gu)結技(ji)術(shu)相結合形成的(de)(de)新型加(jia)固(gu)(gu)方法，其基本原理是(shi)將排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)豎直設(she)(she)置在軟土(tu)路基中，并且在路基表面鋪(pu)設(she)(she)砂墊層，在夯錘的(de)(de)夯擊載(zai)荷作用下(xia)，土(tu)體(ti)中會(hui)有(you)超(chao)孔(kong)隙(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓力形成，這樣土(tu)體(ti)中的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)會(hui)從開(kai)始設(she)(she)置好的(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)中排(pai)出，使(shi)得土(tu)體(ti)快速固(gu)(gu)結，達到加(jia)固(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。此方法特別適合用于大面積軟粘(zhan)土(tu)地(di)基的(de)(de)施工中，目前(qian)已在國內一些(xie)地(di)方得到成功的(de)(de)應用。

4 結束語

近(jin)十幾年(nian)來，我國高(gao)等級公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)由平原向山區延(yan)伸，城市道路(lu)(lu)不(bu)斷興(xing)建，公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)橋梁過渡(du)段(duan)隨之增多(duo)，受地(di)質條件和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)走向側限制，很多(duo)路(lu)(lu)橋過渡(du)段(duan)不(bu)可(ke)避免的(de)(de)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)土地(di)基(ji)(ji)。由于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)手段(duan)落后以及(ji)各種自然因(yin)素的(de)(de)影響，軟(ruan)土路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)過渡(du)段(duan)不(bu)均勻(yun)(yun)沉(chen)降(jiang)等問題(ti)十分嚴重(zhong)。為了提(ti)高(gao)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)質量，必(bi)須采取一定(ding)的(de)(de)措施(shi)來提(ti)高(gao)軟(ruan)土路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)，優(you)化路(lu)(lu)面的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，延(yan)長道路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。隨著我國交通事(shi)業的(de)(de)發(fa)展以及(ji)車流量的(de)(de)不(bu)斷增加(jia)，在大量橋頭引道處（剛性(xing)橋臺和(he)(he)柔(rou)性(xing)路(lu)(lu)堤(di)之間強(qiang)度(du)漸(jian)變(bian)段(duan)）易(yi)產(chan)生不(bu)均勻(yun)(yun)沉(chen)降(jiang)，出現(xian)橋頭跳車現(xian)象(xiang)，成為公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設的(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要而又突出的(de)(de)問題(ti)。但是(shi)，根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)地(di)質條件，做好路(lu)(lu)橋過渡(du)段(duan)地(di)基(ji)(ji)處治，設計(ji)恰當結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，加(jia)強(qiang)過渡(du)段(duan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各個環(huan)節的(de)(de)控(kong)制，從客觀上(shang)制定(ding)一套(tao)科學(xue)的(de)(de)管理程(cheng)序(xu)保證每(mei)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作質量，就能防止或(huo)減(jian)少路(lu)(lu)橋過渡(du)段(duan)的(de)(de)不(bu)均勻(yun)(yun)沉(chen)降(jiang)，從而減(jian)輕甚至(zhi)避免公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)橋頭跳車現(xian)象(xiang)， 提(ti)高(gao)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)能和(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。

參考文獻：

[1] 劉登利.水泥攪(jiao)拌樁加固(gu)軟土路基的(de)施工工藝與質量控(kong)制[J].北方交通.2012,1:9-11.

[2] 吳裕銘.花管注(zhu)漿技術在(zai)加固(gu)既有鐵路軟土路基中(zhong)的應用(yong)[J].路基工程.2012,1:130-134.

篇8

關鍵詞(ci)：注(zhu)漿施工；成孔；質量控制

中(zhong)圖(tu)分類號(hao)：O213.1 文獻標(biao)識(shi)碼(ma)：A 文章編號(hao)：

一、工程概況

某工程位于巖溶發(fa)育區，全段(duan)路(lu)基基底采(cai)(cai)用壓力(li)注漿(jiang)加固(gu)，路(lu)堤地(di)段(duan)注漿(jiang)孔采(cai)(cai)用梅(mei)花型布置，路(lu)塹地(di)段(duan)采(cai)(cai)用正(zheng)方形布置，間距5.0m，土層帷幕3m，加固(gu)厚度入基巖5m，注漿(jiang)孔深15～25m。

二、施工方案

1、目的

該段路基基底灰(hui)巖(yan)巖(yan)溶較發育，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)位處于(yu)巖(yan)土界面(mian)附近，隨(sui)季節變(bian)化特(te)別是雨季，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)波動急驟(zou)，地(di)(di)表水(shui)與地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)巖(yan)溶水(shui)溝通(tong)易(yi)引起地(di)(di)表變(bian)形或當(dang)上(shang)覆(fu)蓋土體可能因地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)的波動潛蝕破壞產生土洞；或由于(yu)增加荷載而使溶洞頂板坍陷，采用壓力注漿加固。

2、工藝原理

將水泥漿(jiang)液(ye)在一定壓力作(zuo)用下(xia)注入(ru)巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)裂(lie)隙、溶(rong)(rong)洞中以及軟塑黏土體孔隙中，首先是填充巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)溶(rong)(rong)洞及巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)裂(lie)隙，其次是封(feng)閉巖(yan)(yan)、土界面，形成隔水帷幕，阻(zu)隔上(shang)層滯水與巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)水的(de)(de)聯(lian)系；通過(guo)注漿(jiang)填充液(ye)凝固后，具有的(de)(de)剛性和強(qiang)度而改變巖(yan)(yan)層及土體的(de)(de)性狀，使巖(yan)(yan)土的(de)(de)變形受到約束，強(qiang)度得(de)到提高，從而達到控制地基整體沉(chen)降、減少變形的(de)(de)效果。

3、施工準備

（1）路基(ji)施(shi)(shi)工到(dao)注(zhu)漿作(zuo)業(ye)面(mian)，進行場地平整，達(da)到(dao)注(zhu)漿機械施(shi)(shi)工的條件。

（2）材料準備

①注漿用水采(cai)用附近的井(jing)水或池塘水。

②注漿用(yong)的水(shui)泥(ni)采(cai)用(yong)普通硅(gui)酸鹽水(shui)泥(ni)，水(shui)泥(ni)強(qiang)度等級為32.5級，水(shui)泥(ni)保持新鮮，不超(chao)過出廠日期(qi)3個月，水(shui)泥(ni)的各項(xiang)指標(biao)符合國家標(biao)準。

③符合國家質量要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)美度(du)為38～43Be′的(de)(de)(de)水玻璃，模數2.4～3.0。對(dui)選購的(de)(de)(de)水玻璃進行稀(xi)釋直至符合要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)備用(yong)。

（3）注(zhu)(zhu)漿主(zhu)要設(she)備包括鉆機(ji)(ji)、注(zhu)(zhu)漿泵、攪拌機(ji)(ji)及配套儀表(biao)等設(she)備到(dao)位，對鉆機(ji)(ji)、注(zhu)(zhu)漿泵、攪拌機(ji)(ji)等機(ji)(ji)械進行檢查、調試、維修，保(bao)持良好(hao)的(de)狀態。

4、施工工藝

（1）定孔位

根據(ju)設(she)計要(yao)求標出注漿孔位(wei)置，并(bing)進(jin)行復測(ce)。路(lu)堤地(di)段(duan)注漿孔采用(yong)梅花型(xing)布置，路(lu)塹(qian)地(di)段(duan)采用(yong)正方形布置，間(jian)距5.0m。

（2）鉆機與注漿設備就位(wei)

①注(zhu)漿孔位(wei)標定后，移動鉆機至(zhi)鉆孔位(wei)置(zhi)，完成鉆機就位(wei)。

②鉆機(ji)就位后，用(yong)傾斜(xie)尺、水平(ping)尺等工(gong)具(ju)調整鉆機(ji)角(jiao)度(du)，安(an)裝牢固，定位穩妥。

③注漿管線不宜過長(chang)，一般(ban)為30～50m，以防(fang)壓力損失。

（3）鉆進

①將(jiang)鉆桿對準所(suo)標孔位，地質鉆機開(kai)孔鉆進，保(bao)證土層孔徑(jing)(jing)≮110mm，巖(yan)層孔徑(jing)(jing)≮91mm。開(kai)孔時輕加壓(ya)、慢(man)速(su)、大(da)水量，防止將(jiang)孔開(kai)斜。

②加固深(shen)度為(wei)巖土(tu)界面以下5m，即孔深(shen)潛入基巖5m，若施工(gong)過(guo)程中遇(yu)溶洞(dong)，至(zhi)溶洞(dong)底板(ban)下1.0m。孔深(shen)5m范圍內未遇(yu)見溶洞(dong)，即結束鉆探，對溶蝕(shi)裂隙進行注漿加固。

③鉆(zhan)(zhan)進過程中(zhong)觀察(cha)地層變化(hua)，作好鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔記錄。

（4）注漿施工

①試泵

開泵(beng)前先將三(san)通(tong)轉芯(xin)閥調到(dao)回漿(jiang)位置(zhi)，待泵(beng)吸水正常時，將三(san)通(tong)回漿(jiang)口慢慢調小，泵(beng)壓(ya)徐徐上(shang)升，當泵(beng)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)預定注漿(jiang)壓(ya)力時，持(chi)續(xu)二、三(san)分鐘(zhong)不出故(gu)障，即可結束(shu)。

②安(an)裝注漿套管(guan)及注漿管(guan)

鉆孔完畢，進(jin)行清孔檢查，在確認沒有坍孔和探頭石(shi)的情況下(xia)，下(xia)注(zhu)漿(jiang)套管。否則，用鉆機進(jin)行掃孔。在注(zhu)漿(jiang)管管口安(an)裝(zhuang)2.5Mpa的壓力(li)表(biao)。在孔蓋下(xia)方連(lian)接(jie)一直徑5cm左右的注(zhu)漿(jiang)管，下(xia)至(zhi)基(ji)巖面以下(xia)50cm左右。

③壓水試驗

壓水壓力(li)由小逐漸增大(da)到預定注漿(jiang)壓力(li)，并持續15min,做好記錄。

④漿液配制

水(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)水(shui)灰比為1:1，拌(ban)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)機拌(ban)合水(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)。若(ruo)遇(yu)空的巖溶通道、較大溶洞(dong)和裂隙處，視具體情況(kuang)先灌入(ru)中(zhong)粗(cu)砂或(huo)稀的水(shui)泥(ni)砂漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)對溶蝕(shi)腔體進行充(chong)填，再(zai)采用煤灰水(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)或(huo)雙液(ye)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。

⑤將配制好水泥(ni)漿液送入攪拌式儲漿桶內(nei)備用。

⑥注漿管路系(xi)統(tong)的試運(yun)轉(zhuan)：用(yong)1.5～2倍(bei)于注漿終壓(ya)(ya)對(dui)系(xi)統(tong)進行吸水(shui)試驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)查，并(bing)接(jie)好水(shui)、電；檢(jian)(jian)查管路系(xi)統(tong)能(neng)否耐壓(ya)(ya)，有無漏水(shui)；檢(jian)(jian)查管路連(lian)接(jie)是(shi)否正確；檢(jian)(jian)查設(she)備(bei)機(ji)況是(shi)否正常(chang)；使設(she)備(bei)充分熱身。試運(yun)轉(zhuan)時間為20min。

⑦注(zhu)漿順序(xu)：按自路(lu)基(ji)坡腳向線路(lu)中心的順序(xu)進行(xing)，先兩側后中間，保證注(zhu)漿質量。

⑧注漿壓力控制：灰巖中為0.1～0.3MPa，巖土界面(mian)附(fu)近(jin)逐步加大到0.3～0.5 MPa。

（5）結束注漿

當注(zhu)漿達到(dao)下列標準之一時，結束(shu)該孔注(zhu)漿：

①注(zhu)漿孔口(kou)壓力維(wei)持在0.2～0.5MPa左右(you)，吸漿量不大于40L/min，維(wei)持30min。

②冒漿點(dian)已出有效距(ju)離3～5m時。

③單孔(kong)注漿量達到平(ping)均注漿量的(de)1.5～2.0倍，且進漿量明顯減少時。

④巖溶裂隙不發育和巖層完整的鉆孔，注漿(jiang)壓力達至1.5MPa，漿(jiang)液難以注入(ru)時。

（6）提管、回填

注漿(jiang)完成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)應立即拔管(guan)(guan)，若拔管(guan)(guan)不及(ji)時，漿(jiang)液(ye)會把注漿(jiang)管(guan)(guan)凝(ning)固住而造成(cheng)拔管(guan)(guan)困難(nan)。拔出管(guan)(guan)后(hou)(hou)，及(ji)時刷(shua)洗注漿(jiang)管(guan)(guan)，保持清(qing)潔、通暢(chang)。拔出管(guan)(guan)后(hou)(hou)留下的孔洞，用水泥砂漿(jiang)封孔。

三、施工中(zhong)常見(jian)問題及處理對策

（1）成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)：注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)采用鉆(zhan)機成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)，鉆(zhan)機安裝要(yao)牢固，定(ding)位穩(wen)妥、固定(ding)。注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)跳(tiao)孔(kong)(kong)施鉆(zhan)，不(bu)全部鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)后再注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)，這樣孔(kong)(kong)位串漿(jiang)(jiang)現(xian)象(xiang)較多，清孔(kong)(kong)工作量增(zeng)大(da)。鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)后，及時進(jin)行注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)。施工初期(qi)，個(ge)別孔(kong)(kong)在成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)后未(wei)能及時注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)，施工過程中對(dui)已成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)產生了(le)擾動，出現(xian)了(le)塌孔(kong)(kong)現(xian)象(xiang)，對(dui)于輕微(wei)塌孔(kong)(kong)的，重新(xin)進(jin)行了(le)清孔(kong)(kong)；嚴(yan)重塌孔(kong)(kong)的，回填后重新(xin)鉆(zhan)進(jin)成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)。

（2）安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)注漿套管：注漿套管的安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)我們(men)試(shi)驗了3種方(fang)法(fa)。

第一(yi)種方法(fa)是(shi)以φ108mm的(de)(de)鉆(zhan)頭成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)，成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)直徑(jing)≮110mm，然(ran)后安裝(zhuang)φ108mm的(de)(de)鋼套管(guan)(guan)，雖然(ran)孔(kong)徑(jing)略大于套管(guan)(guan)，但由于覆蓋土層厚，鉆(zhan)桿較長，鉆(zhan)桿晃動幅度不勻，成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)孔(kong)徑(jing)不均勻，安裝(zhuang)套管(guan)(guan)阻力很大，下(xia)到基巖面十(shi)分困難，注漿后套管(guan)(guan)也(ye)難以拔出，不但效(xiao)率低，成(cheng)(cheng)本也(ye)大大增加。

第(di)二種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)以φ127mm的(de)(de)鉆頭成孔(kong)，成孔(kong)直(zhi)徑(jing)≮130mm，然后安裝(zhuang)φ108mm的(de)(de)鋼套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)，這(zhe)樣安裝(zhuang)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)時(shi)能夠相對容易的(de)(de)下至基巖(yan)面下50cm，但是(shi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)與孔(kong)壁不(bu)密貼(tie)，注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)口冒(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)現象嚴(yan)重；采用木(mu)制(zhi)止(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塞(sai)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)外側(ce)，下插(cha)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)時(shi)比較(jiao)費力，止(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塞(sai)易損(sun)壞；在(zai)(zai)土層注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)時(shi)需(xu)要提拔套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)，止(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塞(sai)易變形，導致冒(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)影響注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)效果；同時(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)辦法(fa)需(xu)要套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)數量也比較(jiao)大，不(bu)利于大面積施工(gong)。

第三種方(fang)法(fa)是采用(yong)127 mm鉆(zhan)頭開孔(kong)，鉆(zhan)到地面(mian)(mian)以下2～3m處改換φ108mm的鉆(zhan)頭,保證(zheng)土層(ceng)孔(kong)徑≮110mm，采用(yong)127mm套(tao)(tao)管(guan)，利(li)用(yong)鉆(zhan)機將(jiang)套(tao)(tao)管(guan)下至地面(mian)(mian)以下6m左(zuo)右(you)，套(tao)(tao)管(guan)外露長(chang)度30-40cm，這樣能夠(gou)(gou)保證(zheng)套(tao)(tao)管(guan)與孔(kong)壁有3-4m部分是緊緊密貼；注漿時在孔(kong)蓋下方(fang)連接一(yi)直徑5cm左(zuo)右(you)的注漿軟管(guan)，下至基巖(yan)面(mian)(mian)以下50cm左(zuo)右(you)；這種方(fang)法(fa)能夠(gou)(gou)節省套(tao)(tao)管(guan)，增加(jia)套(tao)(tao)管(guan)周轉次數(shu)，操作(zuo)簡單(dan)方(fang)便，有效防止孔(kong)口冒漿，控制注漿效果(guo)。

（3）注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)：注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)用的(de)(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)經過(guo)攪拌機充分攪拌均勻后(hou)才能開始注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，并應在注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)過(guo)程中不停地(di)緩慢攪拌，攪拌時(shi)間小(xiao)于(yu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)初(chu)凝(ning)時(shi)間。漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)在泵送前應經過(guo)篩網過(guo)濾。注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管(guan)線不宜過(guo)長，減(jian)少壓力和流量(liang)消耗(hao)。鉆(zhan)機成孔插入(ru)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管(guan)后(hou)，及(ji)時(shi)封堵孔口和附近的(de)(de)地(di)面裂縫以(yi)防冒漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。盛漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)桶不能暴(bao)露(lu)于(yu)陽光下，以(yi)防漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)凝(ning)固。

①孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)冒(mao)(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)：本段屬覆蓋型巖溶地區，覆蓋層較厚，粉質黏土、硬(ying)塑，基本上不存在(zai)裂隙冒(mao)(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)，多(duo)為套(tao)(tao)管(guan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)冒(mao)(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)。產生(sheng)原因為套(tao)(tao)管(guan)與(yu)孔(kong)(kong)壁不密(mi)(mi)貼，孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)封(feng)閉(bi)不嚴。注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)我們采用(yong)了第三種安(an)裝注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)套(tao)(tao)管(guan)的(de)(de)辦法，有效的(de)(de)控(kong)制了孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)冒(mao)(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)；但(dan)由于(yu)各孔(kong)(kong)之間存在(zai)差異(yi)，套(tao)(tao)管(guan)與(yu)孔(kong)(kong)壁密(mi)(mi)貼程(cheng)度不同，仍(reng)然少數孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)冒(mao)(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)現象(xiang)，處理的(de)(de)措(cuo)施是：拔出注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)套(tao)(tao)管(guan)，清孔(kong)(kong)后，在(zai)孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)四周開(kai)挖深30cm，下口(kou)(kou)(kou)直(zhi)徑(jing)不小于(yu)20cm的(de)(de)倒錐形圓坑，將套(tao)(tao)管(guan)加(jia)長1-2m, 用(yong)麻絲繩在(zai)套(tao)(tao)管(guan)外側中(zhong)部繞成不小于(yu)鉆孔(kong)(kong)直(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)(de)紡錘(chui)形止漿(jiang)(jiang)塞(sai)，安(an)裝套(tao)(tao)管(guan)后，用(yong)混(hun)凝(ning)土將孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)圓坑封(feng)閉(bi)重新注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)。

②串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)：注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)本(ben)著跳孔(kong)(kong)施工原則進行，但在實際施工過(guo)程(cheng)中仍然(ran)出(chu)現了串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)現象(xiang)。串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)分為單(dan)孔(kong)(kong)串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)和多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)。單(dan)孔(kong)(kong)串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)指兩(liang)孔(kong)(kong)裂隙相通(tong)，注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)過(guo)程(cheng)中未注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)孔(kong)(kong)出(chu)現串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)現象(xiang)；多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)指2個以上孔(kong)(kong)裂隙相通(tong)，在其中一個孔(kong)(kong)注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)過(guo)程(cheng)中，其余幾個孔(kong)(kong)均有不(bu)同程(cheng)度的(de)串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)現象(xiang)。串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)會導致正在注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)孔(kong)(kong)無(wu)法升壓，漿(jiang)(jiang)液流失。在本(ben)段(duan)注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)施工過(guo)程(cheng)中，這兩(liang)種串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)現象(xiang)均發生(sheng)過(guo)。處(chu)理的(de)措施是(shi)：發生(sheng)單(dan)孔(kong)(kong)串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)，則用兩(liang)臺注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)機同時(shi)對兩(liang)孔(kong)(kong)注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)；如多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)，則在串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)孔(kong)(kong)口加(jia)蓋，待本(ben)孔(kong)(kong)注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)達(da)到注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)結束(shu)標準后，對串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)進行清孔(kong)(kong)處(chu)理，并及時(shi)注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)。

③注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)結束(shu)：嚴格按照設(she)計注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)結束(shu)標準(zhun)控制，并作好記(ji)錄(lu)。本段(duan)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)結束(shu)標準(zhun)多為“注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)孔口壓(ya)力維持(chi)在0.2～0.5MPa左右，吸漿(jiang)(jiang)量不大(da)于40L/min，維持(chi)30min”。各(ge)孔注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)量依據(ju)不同地質情況有較大(da)的差異(yi)，當連續注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)單孔超過15噸(dun)水泥不見升壓(ya)時(shi)，加入水玻璃進(jin)行雙液注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)。必(bi)要時(shi)采用間歇注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)。

④地(di)表變形(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)：本段在(zai)施工(gong)過程中進行了地(di)表變形(xing)檢測(ce)(ce)，在(zai)線路中心、塹(qian)頂及塹(qian)頂外10m各埋設了一排(pai)觀測(ce)(ce)樁(zhuang)，縱向距(ju)離(li)50m，注(zhu)漿過程中每天(tian)進行觀測(ce)(ce)，未發(fa)現地(di)面沉(chen)陷或隆起(qi)現象(xiang)。

五、結語

通過(guo)總結本工程(cheng)段(duan)巖(yan)溶注漿(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的(de)經驗與教訓，基本確定了(le)壓力(li)注漿(jiang)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工工藝，掌握了(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工過(guo)程(cheng)中常見問題(ti)的(de)預防和處理(li)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工質量得到有效控制。

王恩奎.橋梁結構混凝(ning)土質(zhi)量驗評的幾點體會(hui)[J].路橋信息(xi)，2006（1）

張(zhang)宏華(hua).山區(qu)高速公路橋梁的設計方法與施工工藝分析(xi)[J].中國高新技(ji)術企業2008(2)

篇9

【關鍵詞】路(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)；過渡段施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)；難點(dian)；準備工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)；應用

隨(sui)著社會(hui)經濟的(de)快(kuai)速發展(zhan)，路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)模逐漸擴大，我國公路(lu)(lu)(lu)交(jiao)通基(ji)礎設施的(de)建(jian)設得到了(le)長足的(de)發展(zhan)。做(zuo)好路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)過(guo)渡段(duan)(duan)施工(gong)，可以有(you)效提升路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)整(zheng)體質(zhi)量。然而，在路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)過(guo)渡段(duan)(duan)的(de)“橋(qiao)頭(tou)跳(tiao)(tiao)車”問(wen)題嚴重影(ying)響(xiang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)質(zhi)量。為了(le)有(you)效避免(mian)“橋(qiao)頭(tou)跳(tiao)(tiao)車”影(ying)響(xiang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)的(de)行車安全性(xing)及舒適(shi)性(xing)，提高路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)使(shi)用壽命(ming)。因此，應采用科學(xue)、有(you)效的(de)過(guo)渡段(duan)(duan)施工(gong)技(ji)術措施對(dui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)與橋(qiao)臺的(de)沉降差進行控(kong)制，避免(mian)發生“橋(qiao)頭(tou)跳(tiao)(tiao)車”現(xian)象(xiang)，確保路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)過(guo)渡段(duan)(duan)的(de)安全性(xing)，提高路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)，保障人(ren)們的(de)生命(ming)和財產(chan)安全。

1路(lu)橋工(gong)程過渡(du)段的施工(gong)難點(dian)

路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)難點(dian)和(he)重點(dian)部位，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，為了可以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)銜接和(he)充(chong)分(fen)結合兩種不同(tong)類型的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面，就(jiu)(jiu)必須保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)符(fu)合標準要(yao)求，這樣可以(yi)充(chong)分(fen)避(bi)免發生(sheng)地面塌陷(xian)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。尤其是當橋(qiao)頭、伸縮(suo)縫(feng)處(chu)的(de)(de)沉降(jiang)(jiang)存在(zai)較大差(cha)異或者是伸縮(suo)縫(feng)破(po)壞(huai)等導致(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面縱坡產生(sheng)臺階(jie)時(shi)，那(nei)么就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)產生(sheng)“橋(qiao)頭跳車(che)(che)”的(de)(de)問(wen)題，嚴重影響車(che)(che)輛(liang)性能和(he)安全。因此(ci)，在(zai)進(jin)行過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)需(xu)要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)做好地基處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，這樣可以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)實現(xian)地基的(de)(de)硬度和(he)承載(zai)力的(de)(de)提(ti)高，減少(shao)橋(qiao)臺與路(lu)(lu)(lu)基的(de)(de)沉降(jiang)(jiang)差(cha)，進(jin)而使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)得以(yi)提(ti)升(sheng)。如(ru)(ru)果過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)松軟地基上(shang)進(jin)行的(de)(de)時(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)搭設搭板，且要(yao)確保搭板質(zhi)量(liang)，如(ru)(ru)果搭板出現(xian)斷裂，橋(qiao)頭高填方地段就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)比較容易出現(xian)塌陷(xian)問(wen)題。在(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)應嚴格依據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙，做好圖紙會(hui)審工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，確保圖紙的(de)(de)準確性，全面提(ti)升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體(ti)質(zhi)量(liang)。

2路橋工程過渡段的(de)施工前準(zhun)備

過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段(duan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)的準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)作是保證過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段(duan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的順利實施(shi)(shi)(shi)的基本前(qian)(qian)提，在路橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中應做好過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段(duan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段(duan)具體(ti)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，結合(he)實際(ji)路橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件(jian)、進度(du)等需(xu)求，合(he)理優(you)化配置(zhi)人力、技(ji)術、物資等方面，提高過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段(duan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術水(shui)平。

2．1認(ren)真審核施(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)紙

路(lu)橋(qiao)工程(cheng)過(guo)渡段(duan)施(shi)工前，應詳(xiang)細核對路(lu)橋(qiao)施(shi)工圖紙(zhi)過(guo)渡段(duan)的尺寸(cun)、位置與高程(cheng)等，且認真(zhen)核對過(guo)渡段(duan)和其他結構物之間的關系，例如:路(lu)基、接觸網等，確(que)保前后工序的緊密銜接。

2．2過渡段施工調查

為過渡段、相近結構物施(shi)工(gong)的土(tu)石方調(diao)配、編制(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)組織設計資料(liao)收(shou)集等。例如(ru):分析特殊(shu)地(di)(di)區和特殊(shu)地(di)(di)質條件下的過渡段的實際情況(kuang)、地(di)(di)下水(shui)位、雨季等情況(kuang);詳(xiang)細(xi)核對(dui)土(tu)石方類別及分布，進行填料(liao)的檢驗(yan)，調(diao)查施(shi)工(gong)環境;調(diao)查核對(dui)填料(liao)來源，試驗(yan)其級(ji)配是否符合要(yao)求;修建各(ge)項臨時(shi)工(gong)程、施(shi)工(gong)機械及運(yun)輸組裝(zhuang)場地(di)(di)，做好臨時(shi)工(gong)程的防排水(shui)設施(shi)。

2．3預留過渡段

現場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)地(di)質補(bu)充(chong)勘探(tan)過渡(du)段(duan)特殊地(di)質，對(dui)有關地(di)質資料進行(xing)核對(dui)。預留(liu)過渡(du)段(duan)的位置時(shi)(shi)，確定(ding)過渡(du)段(duan)的起點和始點，依據施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)計算預留(liu)位置。例如:在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中路基先行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的，應當制定(ding)缺口(kou)、過渡(du)段(duan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)措施(shi)。一般情況下，過渡(du)段(duan)和路基可同時(shi)(shi)進行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

2．4施工前期(qi)需做好表(biao)面清(qing)理(li)工作(zuo)

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)前(qian)應徹底清(qing)理施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場內所有阻礙施(shi)(shi)工(gong)或影響施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量的障礙物，妥善處(chu)理路(lu)基過(guo)渡段內的既有垃(la)圾堆、有機雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)、淤泥(ni)、泥(ni)炭、軟(ruan)土、鹽漬土、草叢(cong)、各類溶穴等。

2．5做(zuo)好排水(shui)(shui)(shui)工作根據施(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場的具體情況(kuang)，合(he)理設置縱橫排水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝，充分完善排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)，或者(zhe)采(cai)用(yong)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)機強制排水(shui)(shui)(shui)，將水(shui)(shui)(shui)引入附近河渠，做(zuo)好與過渡段(duan)相關路基內(nei)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)工。

3路橋工(gong)程(cheng)過渡(du)段的(de)施工(gong)技術的(de)應用分析

3．1橋頭搭板(ban)設(she)置

現(xian)代路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)過渡(du)段(duan)施(shi)工(gong)應用(yong)(yong)搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)技(ji)術，有(you)(you)利于更好的(de)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)控(kong)制路面(mian)(mian)和(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)臺間(jian)的(de)沉(chen)降量(liang)(liang)，盡量(liang)(liang)減少或(huo)避免發生“橋(qiao)(qiao)頭(tou)跳(tiao)車”問題。在(zai)完成(cheng)(cheng)路基填筑(zhu)預(yu)壓(ya)期且(qie)基本穩定(ding)后就可(ke)(ke)以進行搭(da)設(she)(she)搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban);應確保搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)基面(mian)(mian)平(ping)整(zheng)，墊(dian)層(ceng)的(de)密實(shi)(shi)度(du)符合標(biao)(biao)準要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，選擇與路面(mian)(mian)基層(ceng)相同的(de)半剛性(xing)(xing)材料用(yong)(yong)于基礎(chu)墊(dian)層(ceng)的(de)填筑(zhu)和(he)壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)。搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)頂面(mian)(mian)標(biao)(biao)高可(ke)(ke)與路面(mian)(mian)基層(ceng)頂面(mian)(mian)標(biao)(biao)高一致，這樣可(ke)(ke)以有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)保證搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)頂面(mian)(mian)的(de)瀝青混凝土路面(mian)(mian)厚(hou)度(du);搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)施(shi)工(gong)時應嚴格依據(ju)(ju)施(shi)工(gong)設(she)(she)計圖紙(zhi)和(he)相關規范標(biao)(biao)準要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進行;為了(le)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)避免施(shi)工(gong)后的(de)沉(chen)降造成(cheng)(cheng)搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)底面(mian)(mian)脫(tuo)空(kong)，進而搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)出現(xian)斷裂或(huo)沉(chen)陷，應根據(ju)(ju)施(shi)工(gong)設(she)(she)計圖紙(zhi)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)在(zai)每幅搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)兩側預(yu)留(liu)(liu)一定(ding)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)壓(ya)漿(jiang)孔，有(you)(you)助(zhu)于壓(ya)漿(jiang)填實(shi)(shi)搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)基底。但是，在(zai)實(shi)(shi)際橋(qiao)(qiao)頭(tou)搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)設(she)(she)置施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，由(you)于搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)施(shi)工(gong)具有(you)(you)較強和(he)復雜性(xing)(xing)和(he)綜合性(xing)(xing)的(de)特點，且(qie)存在(zai)很多制約因素(su)，會直接影(ying)響搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)。因此，在(zai)過渡(du)段(duan)施(shi)工(gong)時，除了(le)可(ke)(ke)以通過加長搭(da)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)長度(du)降低路面(mian)(mian)與橋(qiao)(qiao)臺的(de)沉(chen)降差，防(fang)止“橋(qiao)(qiao)頭(tou)跳(tiao)車”情況的(de)出現(xian)。部(bu)分施(shi)工(gong)還可(ke)(ke)以先預(yu)留(liu)(liu)出反向(xiang)坡(po)度(du)，根據(ju)(ju)橋(qiao)(qiao)臺與路面(mian)(mian)之(zhi)間(jian)沉(chen)降差確定(ding)坡(po)度(du)的(de)大小，并在(zai)車輛荷載(zai)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)逐漸形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)滑過渡(du)。

3．2臺后填筑

在(zai)“橋頭(tou)跳(tiao)車(che)”形成的(de)因素(su)中(zhong)，導致橋頭(tou)跳(tiao)車(che)的(de)重要因素(su)就(jiu)是臺(tai)背回(hui)填(tian)壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)，是臺(tai)背施工的(de)重要環節。臺(tai)背回(hui)填(tian)碾(nian)壓(ya)施工中(zhong)由于位置(zhi)的(de)特殊性使得控制(zhi)(zhi)其壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)度存在(zai)較大難度，壓(ya)路機(ji)(ji)無法(fa)碾(nian)壓(ya)、機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)振動碾(nian)壓(ya)的(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)壓(ya)力過(guo)大會嚴重影響臺(tai)墻質(zhi)量(liang)。因此，因采(cai)用(yong)小(xiao)型機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)進行(xing)臺(tai)背回(hui)填(tian)的(de)壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)作業，有效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)分層壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)術以(yi)及(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)施工材料等方法(fa)，這(zhe)樣可以(yi)充分實(shi)(shi)(shi)現臺(tai)背填(tian)筑壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)度的(de)提高，防止過(guo)大的(de)沉降差造(zao)成橋頭(tou)跳(tiao)車(che)的(de)出現。

3．3地基處理

在路橋(qiao)(qiao)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)過渡段施工過程(cheng)中，針對臺(tai)(tai)背產生沉(chen)降的(de)(de)因素以(yi)(yi)及(ji)治(zhi)理需求(qiu)，需要有效處理臺(tai)(tai)背地基(ji)(ji)。通過換土(tu)、超載預壓(ya)、排水固(gu)結以(yi)(yi)及(ji)樁(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)法等方法對地基(ji)(ji)性能進行有效改善，提高路橋(qiao)(qiao)承載能力，降低沉(chen)降差(cha)。樁(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)礎的(de)(de)應用可以(yi)(yi)作為在軟土(tu)地基(ji)(ji)上橋(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)(tai)修(xiu)建，可以(yi)(yi)有效避免錯(cuo)臺(tai)(tai)現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)。應用地基(ji)(ji)處理、填(tian)筑控制(zhi)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)搭板(ban)技(ji)術，可以(yi)(yi)有效減(jian)少(shao)沉(chen)降差(cha)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)錯(cuo)臺(tai)(tai)，減(jian)少(shao)出(chu)現(xian)“橋(qiao)(qiao)頭跳車”問題。

4結語

綜上所(suo)述，由于尚不能完(wan)全掌(zhang)握路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)(du)(du)段的(de)(de)沉降不均勻的(de)(de)問題，因(yin)此，應(ying)做好(hao)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)(du)(du)段的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)前準備工(gong)作，路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)(du)(du)段施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，應(ying)依據路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)(du)(du)段的(de)(de)地(di)質情況(kuang)確定施(shi)工(gong)技術方式及管理要(yao)點，提高(gao)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)(du)(du)段的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)技術水(shui)平，保證路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)(du)(du)(du)段的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)和路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命。

參考文獻:

［1］孫立婷．對路(lu)橋工(gong)程過渡段(duan)施工(gong)技術分析［J］．科技致富向導，2013(14)．

 ［2］譚國良．關于路(lu)橋工程過渡段施(shi)工技術(shu)分析［J］．科技與(yu)企業，2015(13)．

篇10

【關鍵詞(ci)】路橋工程(cheng)；施(shi)(shi)工常見技術問題；控制措施(shi)(shi)

近年來，隨著我國改革開放的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷深入(ru)，我國經(jing)濟(ji)和科技都得(de)到快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，而(er)交(jiao)通事業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)我國經(jing)濟(ji)進一步發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大動脈，是(shi)我國經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通支撐。但是(shi)，由于路(lu)橋工程(cheng)(cheng)施工質量控制(zhi)是(shi)一項十分重要，又是(shi)十分復雜和難以(yi)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作，施工人(ren)(ren)員必(bi)須(xu)要認清問題(ti)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因，并且針對問題(ti)盡快找出相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)解決政策。只(zhi)有這樣才(cai)能確保路(lu)橋施工工程(cheng)(cheng)質量，確保人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命財產安(an)全，推進我國經(jing)濟(ji)健康長(chang)久發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

一、路橋工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)常見(jian)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)技術問題(ti)

路(lu)(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總常(chang)見的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術問題有(you)(you)很多，一般比(bi)較常(chang)見得(de)有(you)(you)混凝土(tu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術問題，其主要(yao)(yao)表(biao)現在(zai)路(lu)(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)期會出(chu)現滲(shen)透(tou)或者是(shi)斷裂等現象。其次，還有(you)(you)路(lu)(lu)面平整度方面存在(zai)的問題，導(dao)致路(lu)(lu)面后(hou)期出(chu)現不均(jun)勻下沉，導(dao)致這(zhe)種(zhong)現象的主要(yao)(yao)原因是(shi)由于施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)填充工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作沒有(you)(you)做好，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的攤鋪機以及施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術隊(dui)其平整度的影(ying)響。再者是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會出(chu)現銹(xiu)蝕問題，這(zhe)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)路(lu)(lu)橋結構中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鋼筋經(jing)常(chang)會被破壞，進而影(ying)響路(lu)(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。這(zhe)種(zhong)問題出(chu)現的主要(yao)(yao)原因就是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)混凝土(tu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的密實度不夠(gou)，鋼筋沒有(you)(you)受到(dao)周圍混凝土(tu)的養護，導(dao)致保(bao)護層受損，使(shi)得(de)鋼筋與空(kong)氣接(jie)觸而發生養護和銹(xiu)蝕的情(qing)況(kuang)。

二、混凝土(tu)施(shi)工技術中存在問題及質量控制

鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土是(shi)目前我(wo)國路橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中最為常見的一(yi)種(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，但是(shi)鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)們普遍關心(xin)的問題，我(wo)國專家一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)研究愛這(zhe)方面的問題。在(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中最常見的問題就是(shi)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)和滲漏等方面，混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土出(chu)(chu)現裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)的原因有(you)很多(duo)，出(chu)(chu)現裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)不(bu)僅直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)影響著(zhu)路橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量，還會影響路橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程整體結構外觀(guan)。并(bing)且隨著(zhu)路橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的使用，會發生變形，甚至造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程事故。這(zhe)種(zhong)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)主要是(shi)由于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)質(zhi)量問題，然后工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土配(pei)合材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)時(shi)，又沒有(you)注意對材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)之間的配(pei)合比例進行控制。或(huo)者是(shi)由于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)沒有(you)嚴格(ge)按照施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術標準要求(qiu)開(kai)展工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，根據自己的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)經驗(yan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，導致最后混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)密實度(du)不(bu)夠，出(chu)(chu)現裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)現象。針對這(zhe)些問題，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)定要采取一(yi)定的舉措，控制混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量。

三、體外預應力加固施(shi)工技(ji)術與質量控制(zhi)

（一(yi)）體外預(yu)應力加固施工技術中存(cun)在的一(yi)些問題(ti)

體外預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)加(jia)固施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)張無粘結預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)體系的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)支(zhi)部分(fen)，預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)加(jia)固施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對穩定路橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)橋梁主(zhu)體結構有(you)(you)(you)著重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)(he)意義。目前在(zai)體外預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)加(jia)固施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術中還存(cun)在(zai)一些施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術問(wen)題，其(qi)主(zhu)要表現在(zai)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)鋼筋(jin)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)時，由(you)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)按(an)照正常(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)步驟(zou)開展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)選用(yong)(yong)合理的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具。其(qi)次(ci)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)粗鋼筋(jin)的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)桿(gan)和(he)(he)(he)螺(luo)母(mu)匹配(pei)時，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)這(zhe)些基(ji)礎(chu)零部件時，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)逐一將螺(luo)母(mu)和(he)(he)(he)螺(luo)桿(gan)擰緊，導(dao)致(zhi)后(hou)期施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機械在(zai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)時候，設備不能(neng)正常(chang)(chang)運行(xing)，這(zhe)些問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)認真檢查，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)堅(jian)持(chi)認真監督(du)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)質量監督(du)管理部門沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)履行(xing)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)職責。不僅如此，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)技(ji)術水平不夠高(gao)，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)按(an)照正常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)，在(zai)進行(xing)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)筋(jin)時，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)橋梁加(jia)固施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，錨固與梁板銜接(jie)處沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)處理好(hao)，這(zhe)種(zhong)問(wen)題會導(dao)致(zhi)后(hou)期施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中橋梁或(huo)路面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)出現質量問(wen)題，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中很容易出現裂縫(feng)和(he)(he)(he)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)下降，進而導(dao)致(zhi)路橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)

使用(yong)(yong)周期(qi)縮短。針對(dui)這些問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，在(zai)施工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)要有效控制預應力加固施工(gong)技術(shu)(shu)質量，就(jiu)需要從施工(gong)技術(shu)(shu)人員以及施工(gong)技術(shu)(shu)設備等(deng)方(fang)面著手，針對(dui)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)找(zhao)出合(he)理(li)的防(fang)護方(fang)法，發揮預應力加固施工(gong)在(zai)路橋工(gong)程施工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的作用(yong)(yong)。

（二）體外預應力加固施工技術質(zhi)量控(kong)制

體(ti)(ti)外預(yu)應力(li)加固(gu)(gu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術質量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)首先要(yao)遵循一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，預(yu)應力(li)筋(jin)安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)作用就是要(yao)鞏固(gu)(gu)路橋工(gong)程(cheng)梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)，在(zai)安(an)裝過程(cheng)中(zhong)只能通過兩(liang)端能錨固(gu)(gu)以及(ji)梁(liang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)轉向裝置與梁(liang)體(ti)(ti)連接，這種連接方式(shi)能保(bao)護(hu)梁(liang)板(ban)結(jie)構(gou)，提升路橋工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)預(yu)應力(li)，延(yan)長項目的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命。其(qi)次在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)，要(yao)注(zhu)意預(yu)應力(li)筋(jin)的(de)(de)(de)張拉，預(yu)應力(li)筋(jin)一(yi)般有(you)水(shui)平(ping)筋(jin)和斜筋(jin)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)分別(bie)采用兩(liang)根粗鋼筋(jin)或者斜桿為型鋼，按照一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)序，先用臨時(shi)支架(jia)將滑(hua)塊(kuai)定位在(zai)其(qi)墊板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)位置上，然后(hou)在(zai)穿(chuan)入水(shui)平(ping)筋(jin)。在(zai)穿(chuan)筋(jin)時(shi)一(yi)定要(yao)注(zhu)意水(shui)平(ping)筋(jin)兩(liang)端均(jun)有(you)相等的(de)(de)(de)絲(si)頭長度，檢查滑(hua)塊(kuai)位置并(bing)預(yu)留一(yi)點滑(hua)移量(liang)，這樣才能確保(bao)在(zai)張拉的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)不會出現(xian)問(wen)題。

四、路橋工程(cheng)過程(cheng)過渡段(duan)施工技術及質量管理

（一）路橋工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)過程中施工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)問(wen)題

路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)填筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)也是(shi)重要(yao)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環節，這個(ge)方面的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)直接關(guan)系著(zhu)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)后(hou)期(qi)使用問(wen)題(ti)。但是(shi)目前(qian)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)過渡(du)階段(duan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)中(zhong)還(huan)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一些(xie)(xie)問(wen)題(ti)，這些(xie)(xie)問(wen)題(ti)主(zhu)要(yao)表現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)面不(bu)(bu)平、斷(duan)裂或松(song)動脫落等，這些(xie)(xie)都(dou)是(shi)由于(yu)路(lu)基強度不(bu)(bu)夠而導致(zhi)，而在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過渡(du)段(duan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)中(zhong)，路(lu)基填筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)直接關(guan)系和影(ying)響著(zhu)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，也是(shi)關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)影(ying)響部分，路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)基礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)是(shi)前(qian)提和保(bao)障，只有確保(bao)路(lu)基施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，才(cai)(cai)能(neng)開展后(hou)期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，才(cai)(cai)能(neng)確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)后(hou)期(qi)承載能(neng)力以(yi)及路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)不(bu)(bu)會出現(xian)變形問(wen)題(ti)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)過渡(du)段(duan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)問(wen)題(ti)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)原因是(shi)由于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)對于(yu)中(zhong)間銜接部分處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)沒有做(zuo)到位，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鋪設(she)和排(pai)水管施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，由于(yu)回填壓實工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)沒有做(zuo)好，再加上施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)經常發生(sheng)疏忽或監控不(bu)(bu)嚴，導致(zhi)填筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一些(xie)(xie)質(zhi)量(liang)問(wen)題(ti)。

（二）路(lu)橋工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)過渡段施(shi)工(gong)技術質量控制

這種問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)需要(yao)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)管部(bu)門加強管理(li)，在(zai)(zai)填(tian)(tian)筑過程(cheng)中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員要(yao)采(cai)用科學合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)筑方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)方(fang)法。首先在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中要(yao)確保搭板(ban)上和(he)(he)橋面(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)層結構和(he)(he)厚度相同，這樣就不會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)沉降現(xian)(xian)象，進而就能(neng)避免(mian)出現(xian)(xian)斷(duan)裂(lie)和(he)(he)脫落(luo)等問題。一(yi)般(ban)搭板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度要(yao)控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)2m左右，最(zui)好不能(neng)超過2m。其次，要(yao)加強路(lu)堤填(tian)(tian)筑材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。實施(shi)(shi)臺背路(lu)堤填(tian)(tian)筑之前(qian)(qian)，要(yao)有目的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料。一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)經(jing)過試驗對比，最(zui)終確定(ding)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料和(he)(he)比例。選(xuan)(xuan)材工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作十分重要(yao)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)高度重視材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)，通過試驗選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)最(zui)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)土壤作為填(tian)(tian)料。路(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)常見施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術水平直接關系著(zhu)整個路(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)(he)后期使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)嚴格按照(zhao)相關施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術標準要(yao)求，在(zai)(zai)熟悉施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提下，順(shun)利完成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務。

結束語

綜(zong)上所述，路橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常見施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)有很多，其(qi)中(zhong)最為常見的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)有混凝土施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、體外預(yu)應力(li)加固(gu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)以及(ji)路橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)過渡段施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等，在(zai)這些(xie)(xie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)節中(zhong)一般會存在(zai)一些(xie)(xie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)問(wen)題(ti)，如(ru)路面(mian)不(bu)平整(zheng)、路橋(qiao)排水管道(dao)滲漏以及(ji)道(dao)路施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)總銜(xian)接處理不(bu)當(dang)，這些(xie)(xie)都是一些(xie)(xie)常見的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)問(wen)題(ti)。因(yin)此，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員必須要針對這些(xie)(xie)問(wen)題(ti)，盡快研究出解決(jue)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)方案，文中(zhong)對常見施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制提(ti)出一些(xie)(xie)建議(yi)，希望能(neng)幫(bang)助(zhu)相關單位施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員提(ti)升施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。

參考文獻