導語：BIM技術在鐵路橋梁施工(gong)管理(li)的應用一文來源(yuan)于網友上傳，不代表本站觀點，若需要原創文章(zhang)可咨(zi)詢(xun)客(ke)服老師，歡(huan)迎參考。

摘要：bim技術在鐵路橋梁施工中具有較強的優勢，只有合理(li)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，才能提高(gao)施(shi)(shi)工管(guan)理(li)水平。基(ji)于(yu)此，先對BIM技術的優勢進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分析，再從(cong)設計復核、碰撞檢查、工序模(mo)擬、成本管(guan)理(li)、協同管(guan)理(li)等方(fang)面，對BIM技術在鐵路(lu)橋梁施(shi)(shi)工管(guan)理(li)中的應(ying)(ying)用(yong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分析。

關鍵詞：BIM技術(shu)；施工管理；模擬；可視化；仿真

鐵路橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具有一定的(de)復雜性，需要(yao)構(gou)建(jian)完(wan)(wan)善的(de)管(guan)理方(fang)案，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)施(shi)(shi)全過程進行管(guan)理，以(yi)使鐵路橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)能夠順利完(wan)(wan)成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。將BIM技術(shu)應用在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理中，可使橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)模(mo)型(xing)構(gou)建(jian)更加(jia)地完(wan)(wan)善，便于對模(mo)型(xing)準確性進行監(jian)督，保障各部分橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)構(gou)件具有良(liang)好的(de)銜接(jie)性，提高鐵路橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)效率(lv)。

1鐵路橋梁施工管理中應用BIM技術的優勢

1.1可視化

鐵路橋(qiao)梁(liang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)較為復雜(za)，僅(jin)僅(jin)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)施工圖紙(zhi)難以對其結(jie)構(gou)(gou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)掌(zhang)握，且不利于(yu)(yu)施工管理(li)工作的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)BIM技術可以提高鐵橋(qiao)梁(liang)施工的(de)(de)可視(shi)化水平，使(shi)橋(qiao)梁(liang)各(ge)部分構(gou)(gou)件(jian)的(de)(de)組成、位置等(deng)更加地(di)明確，便于(yu)(yu)對橋(qiao)梁(liang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分析，提高橋(qiao)梁(liang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)完(wan)整性。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)BIM技術可以將(jiang)鐵路橋(qiao)梁(liang)模(mo)型進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)立(li)體化，將(jiang)橋(qiao)梁(liang)直觀展現在設(she)計(ji)者(zhe)面前，提高橋(qiao)梁(liang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)處理(li)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)。鐵路橋(qiao)梁(liang)可視(shi)化后，可以增強(qiang)各(ge)個構(gou)(gou)件(jian)之間的(de)(de)聯系，使(shi)各(ge)個構(gou)(gou)件(jian)具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)受力效(xiao)果，提高橋(qiao)梁(liang)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)的(de)(de)綜合運用(yong)水平。采用(yong)可視(shi)化設(she)計(ji)可以使(shi)設(she)計(ji)者(zhe)思路更加地(di)清晰，能提高鐵路橋(qiao)梁(liang)設(she)計(ji)方案的(de)(de)可行(xing)(xing)性，保障橋(qiao)梁(liang)能夠(gou)順利地(di)完(wan)成建造[1]。

1.2協調性

鐵路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)(guo)程中，需要采用分工設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)方式，一旦設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員技術溝(gou)通(tong)不當(dang)，將會影響(xiang)到設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的(de)(de)連接(jie)，造成(cheng)施工圖紙無法準確地進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)銜接(jie)，導致橋(qiao)梁(liang)整體協(xie)調(diao)性(xing)下降。BIM技術具有協(xie)調(diao)服務(wu)功能，可以加強設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)之間的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)，避免橋(qiao)梁(liang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)(guo)程中產生(sheng)碰撞問題，保(bao)障(zhang)橋(qiao)梁(liang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)工作能夠順利進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)BIM技術可以生(sheng)成(cheng)協(xie)調(diao)數(shu)據，當(dang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)內容(rong)出現變更后，協(xie)調(diao)數(shu)據將會發生(sheng)變化，并可確定變更的(de)(de)影響(xiang)范(fan)圍，通(tong)知(zhi)其他設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)對設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)內容(rong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)修改，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而提高鐵路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)協(xie)調(diao)性(xing)。

1.3模擬性

通過BIM技術建立鐵路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)模(mo)型，通過模(mo)型可(ke)對橋(qiao)梁(liang)實際情況進行模(mo)擬。模(mo)擬過程(cheng)主要集中(zhong)在設計階段，可(ke)對橋(qiao)梁(liang)設計的(de)可(ke)靠性進行分析，保證橋(qiao)梁(liang)各(ge)個(ge)部(bu)分設計的(de)合(he)理性，使(shi)設計圖紙能(neng)夠(gou)正(zheng)常投入使(shi)用。另外，通過對橋(qiao)梁(liang)模(mo)型進行模(mo)擬，可(ke)以對橋(qiao)梁(liang)造價進行控制，能(neng)夠(gou)為工程(cheng)節約一(yi)定成本，提高鐵路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)項目的(de)經濟(ji)性。

1.4優化性

將BIM技術應用在(zai)(zai)鐵路橋(qiao)(qiao)梁施工后，有助于(yu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁設(she)計的(de)優(you)化(hua)，提高橋(qiao)(qiao)梁設(she)計的(de)合理性。BIM模(mo)型可(ke)以提供建筑(zhu)的(de)實際存(cun)在(zai)(zai)信息，一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，可(ke)以降低建筑(zhu)設(she)計的(de)難度，便于(yu)對建筑(zhu)設(she)計信息進行掌握，避免建筑(zhu)設(she)計信息發生缺失(shi)。另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，可(ke)以為(wei)復雜項(xiang)目提供優(you)化(hua)的(de)可(ke)能性，降低設(she)計復雜度對橋(qiao)(qiao)梁設(she)計的(de)制約，形成良好的(de)優(you)化(hua)效果。

1.5可出圖性

基于(yu)BIM技術(shu)對(dui)鐵路橋(qiao)(qiao)梁進(jin)行設(she)計(ji)，可以對(dui)整體設(she)計(ji)情(qing)況進(jin)行匯總，保障橋(qiao)(qiao)梁設(she)計(ji)的(de)完整性。設(she)計(ji)人員通過(guo)BIM軟件(jian)對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁各部分設(she)計(ji)進(jin)行調用，將三維立體模(mo)型(xing)輸出，可將橋(qiao)(qiao)梁模(mo)型(xing)進(jin)行展示(shi)，并且生(sheng)成對(dui)應(ying)的(de)圖紙(zhi)，進(jin)而形成良好的(de)出圖效果(guo)。

2鐵路橋梁施工管理中BIM技術具體應用

2.1設計復核

BIM技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)復(fu)核中(zhong)具有(you)重要(yao)應用，有(you)助于設(she)計(ji)(ji)的全面審(shen)查(cha)，提(ti)高橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的合(he)理性。通過(guo)BIM技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)以建立橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的信息(xi)模型(xing)，通過(guo)各種信息(xi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程進(jin)(jin)行完(wan)善(shan)，使橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)與實(shi)際參數相符。為了保證橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的合(he)理性，需要(yao)做好設(she)計(ji)(ji)復(fu)核工作(zuo)。由BIM技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)計(ji)(ji)可(ke)靠性進(jin)(jin)行檢(jian)測，進(jin)(jin)而對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)計(ji)(ji)參數進(jin)(jin)行優化。在(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)檢(jian)測過(guo)程中(zhong)會(hui)生成檢(jian)查(cha)報(bao)告，報(bao)告可(ke)以給出一定的修改意見(jian)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)計(ji)(ji)內(nei)容進(jin)(jin)行整(zheng)合(he)，便(bian)可(ke)順利地(di)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)行修改。設(she)計(ji)(ji)復(fu)合(he)采用循環(huan)檢(jian)測的方式(shi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)鐵(tie)路橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的整(zheng)體(ti)情(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行掃描，可(ke)確定橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)的不合(he)理之處，并且對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行記錄，使橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)能夠得到有(you)效地(di)識別。因此，BIM技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)復(fu)核中(zhong)具有(you)關鍵(jian)性作(zuo)用，可(ke)以對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)建筑設(she)計(ji)(ji)質量(liang)進(jin)(jin)行控制，進(jin)(jin)而生成有(you)效的設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙(zhi)[2]。

2.2施工碰撞(zhuang)檢查

將BIM模型(xing)與(yu)虛擬(ni)顯示(shi)技術(shu)相(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)合，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)實現施(shi)工(gong)(gong)碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)檢(jian)(jian)測，對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)模擬(ni)，使(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)手段更加(jia)的(de)完善。以(yi)(yi)墩身施(shi)工(gong)(gong)為例(li)，通過碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)橋(qiao)梁(liang)部件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)測，如(ru)鋼筋(jin)、預埋件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等，避(bi)免構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)位置(zhi)受到影(ying)響，保障橋(qiao)梁(liang)構(gou)(gou)(gou)建位置(zhi)的(de)準確性。若鐵路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之間(jian)存在相(xiang)(xiang)互干(gan)擾(rao)現象，構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)位置(zhi)發生(sheng)變(bian)化，將會(hui)引起橋(qiao)梁(liang)整體構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)發生(sheng)改(gai)變(bian)，導(dao)致施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程產(chan)生(sheng)碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)問題。通過BIM實施(shi)碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將橋(qiao)梁(liang)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立體化地(di)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)展示(shi)，使(shi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)位置(zhi)更加(jia)直觀。碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)一般采用(yong)3D模擬(ni)的(de)方式，它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)清晰地(di)將構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)情況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)再現。此外，還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)更情況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)驗(yan)證，使(shi)碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)問題得到有(you)效地(di)修正。

2.3工(gong)程量計算(suan)

通過(guo)(guo)BIM模型(xing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)對(dui)鐵路橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算，確定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)消耗(hao)情況，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)得到全面地統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)。鐵路橋梁施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，需要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，且(qie)(qie)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)種類眾(zhong)多，若依賴人工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)很難實現(xian)，而且(qie)(qie)會(hui)降低統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)果的(de)準(zhun)確性(xing)。為了提高(gao)統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)果的(de)準(zhun)確性(xing)，可(ke)(ke)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)BIM模型(xing)，建立設計(ji)(ji)(ji)與材(cai)(cai)料(liao)之間的(de)關系，通過(guo)(guo)橋梁結(jie)構設計(ji)(ji)(ji)自動對(dui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)情況進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，并且(qie)(qie)生(sheng)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)清單。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)清單可(ke)(ke)包括材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)名稱、規格、數(shu)量(liang)(liang)、型(xing)號等。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算會(hui)影響到工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價的(de)準(zhun)確性(xing)，需要(yao)合理(li)對(dui)BIM模型(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)revit插件進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)建模，由(you)GFC插件實現(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)轉換，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)精準(zhun)地統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，保障(zhang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)及計(ji)(ji)(ji)算效率(lv)[3]。

2.4可視化交(jiao)底

鐵路橋(qiao)(qiao)梁施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復(fu)雜，對(dui)于(yu)重(zhong)點問題交底(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)難以(yi)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)傳遞效果較(jiao)(jiao)差，容(rong)易導(dao)致施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)出現錯誤。通過(guo)(guo)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)實現可(ke)視(shi)化(hua)交底(di)，通過(guo)(guo)4D虛擬(ni)動(dong)畫技(ji)(ji)術(shu)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)，可(ke)使交底(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)能夠順利(li)地進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。可(ke)視(shi)化(hua)交底(di)主(zhu)要(yao)流程(cheng)如下：選(xuan)擇需(xu)要(yao)交底(di)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)模(mo)型，結合4D技(ji)(ji)術(shu)將橋(qiao)(qiao)梁模(mo)型加工(gong)(gong)(gong)成動(dong)畫的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式，使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)能夠更加直觀地進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)，便(bian)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了解。對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁的(de)(de)(de)結構進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)剖析，對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)拆解，將施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)流程(cheng)化(hua)，便(bian)于(yu)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分配，提(ti)高可(ke)視(shi)化(hua)交底(di)的(de)(de)(de)效率。分清(qing)交底(di)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點與(yu)難點，該部分的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)畫需(xu)要(yao)著重(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)，并且詳細(xi)地進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)說明(ming)，以(yi)保障施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)質量。

2.5工序模擬

通過(guo)BIM技術(shu)可以(yi)對(dui)(dui)鐵路橋梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)，保(bao)障施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)可靠性(xing)，對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)。工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)主要流程(cheng)如下(xia)：明(ming)確施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案，通過(guo)BIM模(mo)(mo)型(xing)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)，以(yi)此來確定施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)可行(xing)(xing)性(xing)，保(bao)障橋梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)能(neng)夠順利實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，提高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)有效性(xing)。對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中存在的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)，確定安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響范圍，并且(qie)探究解決(jue)安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法，以(yi)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)，使安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患能(neng)夠及時消除。對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)效率進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分析，保(bao)障施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)易(yi)于(yu)實(shi)現，對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)效果進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢驗(yan)(yan)[4]。例如：在預(yu)制構件(jian)時，需要對(dui)(dui)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝方(fang)(fang)(fang)法進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)，避免吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝過(guo)程(cheng)中出現安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患，使吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝過(guo)程(cheng)能(neng)夠安(an)(an)全(quan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。還可對(dui)(dui)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝點進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)，保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝受力的(de)(de)(de)合(he)理性(xing)，進(jin)(jin)而保(bao)障吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝作業的(de)(de)(de)合(he)理性(xing)。

2.6進度管理

通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)BIM技(ji)術可以對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)管理(li)，將時(shi)間因(yin)素考慮在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，可提(ti)高(gao)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)的(de)控制能(neng)力。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)管理(li)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)如下：確定橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量來制定施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)，并且(qie)結合(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)技(ji)術水平，保障施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)能(neng)夠順(shun)利地(di)(di)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)。合(he)(he)(he)理(li)地(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)安排，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)BIM模(mo)型(xing)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)能(neng)否按時(shi)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)驗證，以確定施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)的(de)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)性，使(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)能(neng)按照計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)。注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)的(de)分配(pei)，既要合(he)(he)(he)理(li)地(di)(di)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，又要注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員之(zhi)間的(de)配(pei)合(he)(he)(he)，保障施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)整體效率，提(ti)高(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)性。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)BIM軟(ruan)件(jian)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)監(jian)督(du)，將橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)情(qing)況(kuang)輸(shu)入到軟(ruan)件(jian)中，將實際施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)況(kuang)與計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)對比，對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)執行(xing)情(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分析，便于對進(jin)(jin)度(du)管理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)完(wan)(wan)善(shan)。

2.7成本管理

通過BIM技術可以進行成本管理，對鐵路橋梁施工的造價進行評估，提高施工造成的準確性。成本管理主要流程如下：首先，對工程量進行統計，為橋梁工程造價提供依據。通過這種方式，可以提高橋梁造價的準確性，降低施工材料的采購成本。其次，鑒于BIM模型并不具備造成模型信息，需要人工將造價信息輸入到BIM模型中，以便其自動對工程造價進行統計，使工程造價結果更加地可靠。然后，工程造價需要與施工進度連接起來，動態地對施工進度進行模擬，以對施工材料用量進行直觀地展現，使造價評估過程更加地直觀，并從工程整體角度對造價進行認識。最后，需要對成本造成進行實時監控，對施工材料的使用情況進行控制，在保障工程質量的情況下防止施工材料用量超出使用限定，進而保障施工成本管理的嚴格性。

2.8施工質(zhi)量控制

通過BIM技術可以對施工質量進行控制，保障施工技術能夠正確使用，進而對施工質量進行把控。施工質量控制過程如下：首先，根據BIM模型確定工程中需要應用的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，將技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)與BIM模型進行綁定(ding)(ding)，以通(tong)過(guo)BIM模型對(dui)(dui)橋梁施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程進行指導(dao)，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)使用(yong)的(de)(de)正確性(xing)(xing)。通(tong)過(guo)這(zhe)種(zhong)方式，還可(ke)以明確技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)應用(yong)范(fan)圍，迅速地(di)確定(ding)(ding)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)適(shi)用(yong)性(xing)(xing)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)橋梁施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率。其次，制定(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)審(shen)核(he)計(ji)劃(hua)，對(dui)(dui)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)情況進行監督，確保(bao)(bao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)應用(yong)的(de)(de)合(he)理性(xing)(xing)，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)能(neng)夠按照(zhao)計(ji)劃(hua)進行實施(shi)(shi)，在技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)層面對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量進行控制。最后，需要做好(hao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)分類工(gong)(gong)作，同時確定(ding)(ding)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)復雜性(xing)(xing)，明確技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)應用(yong)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)點，以避(bi)免施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)出現差錯，使技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)得到有效(xiao)地(di)應用(yong)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量的(de)(de)控制效(xiao)果(guo)。

2.9協同管理

2.9.1協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)做好(hao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，將模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)存儲在(zai)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫中(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)BIM模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)提(ti)供(gong)便利。協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)如下：首(shou)先，對(dui)(dui)BIM的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)有文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)進行(xing)構(gou)建(jian)，使(shi)(shi)BIM管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式更加地(di)完善，以(yi)保障鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)性，使(shi)(shi)BIM軟件(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)具(ju)有協(xie)(xie)調性。其次，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)做好(hao)資(zi)源文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。通過(guo)(guo)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)構(gou)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)具(ju)有較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)，如造(zao)價(jia)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)些信(xin)息(xi)(xi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)BIM模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)構(gou)建(jian)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，使(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)資(zi)源能(neng)(neng)夠與(yu)(yu)(yu)BIM模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)形(xing)成(cheng)掛接關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，這(zhe)樣(yang)便可通過(guo)(guo)BIM模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)資(zi)源信(xin)息(xi)(xi)進行(xing)調用(yong)，進而(er)(er)確(que)定(ding)造(zao)價(jia)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)等(deng)(deng)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)，對(dui)(dui)BIM模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)進行(xing)擴(kuo)展。最(zui)后，做好(hao)資(zi)源庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，保障資(zi)源庫具(ju)有充(chong)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)，提(ti)高BIM模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠(kao)性，使(shi)(shi)資(zi)源空(kong)間(jian)能(neng)(neng)夠得到(dao)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)分配。2.9.2協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)法(fa)在(zai)明確(que)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)進一(yi)步建(jian)立(li)集橫(heng)向(xiang)專(zhuan)業(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)縱向(xiang)階段(duan)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。其中(zhong)，在(zai)基(ji)于(yu)(yu)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)進行(xing)橫(heng)向(xiang)專(zhuan)業(ye)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)，可將同(tong)(tong)類工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)資(zi)料作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)參(can)(can)考(kao)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)，避免改動其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)。而(er)(er)在(zai)進行(xing)縱向(xiang)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)，則需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)站(zhan)在(zai)多(duo)方(fang)參(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度對(dui)(dui)外部(bu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)進行(xing)參(can)(can)考(kao)。在(zai)此前提(ti)下，再對(dui)(dui)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)屬(shu)性進行(xing)調整(zheng)或增(zeng)加。在(zai)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，還應(ying)(ying)掌握(wo)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)兩(liang)級管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方(fang)法(fa)。具(ju)體(ti)來(lai)講(jiang)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)，可將系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)平臺作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)(yao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)構(gou)件(jian)(jian)，可將專(zhuan)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)樹作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)。實踐時(shi)，可在(zai)兩(liang)種工(gong)(gong)具(ju)之間(jian)建(jian)立(li)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，以(yi)此實現相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)共享。除此之外，為(wei)(wei)了確(que)保BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效發揮貫(guan)穿于(yu)(yu)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)全(quan)周期，還需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)立(li)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂層管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)節點，并(bing)以(yi)單入口、多(duo)分支的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式，將工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)部(bu)分、各(ge)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)串(chuan)聯起(qi)來(lai)實現統(tong)(tong)一(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，并(bing)不(bu)斷進行(xing)BIM模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)及施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)完善。2.9.3從(cong)(cong)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)到(dao)智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)所謂“參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)”，即將物體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)具(ju)體(ti)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)，并(bing)輸入到(dao)BIM平臺當(dang)中(zhong)。這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)來(lai)，通過(guo)(guo)改變不(bu)同(tong)(tong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)，即可對(dui)(dui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)整(zheng)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、形(xing)狀、方(fang)位等(deng)(deng)進行(xing)調整(zheng)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)達到(dao)修改設計方(fang)案、滿足工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。從(cong)(cong)目前來(lai)看(kan)，在(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)規劃與(yu)(yu)(yu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)實踐中(zhong)，可結(jie)(jie)合大數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)和編程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，賦予參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)以(yi)自(zi)主檢查、自(zi)動優化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，具(ju)體(ti)如強化(hua)(hua)(hua)學習、退火算(suan)法(fa)等(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)來(lai)，最(zui)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)BIM模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生成(cheng)將更加快捷、精準，相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人力(li)成(cheng)本(ben)、時(shi)間(jian)成(cheng)本(ben)也(ye)能(neng)(neng)得到(dao)大幅縮減(jian)。

2.10施工環境仿真

BIM技(ji)(ji)術具(ju)有環(huan)境仿(fang)(fang)真功能，可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)境進行(xing)模(mo)擬(ni)，并結合BIM模(mo)型(xing)，可(ke)對(dui)鐵(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)設(she)計進行(xing)優(you)化。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)仿(fang)(fang)真分析具(ju)有較多(duo)的數據量(liang)(liang)，如進度(du)計劃信息、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程量(liang)(liang)信息等，需(xu)要將這(zhe)些信息元素放到(dao)BIM模(mo)型(xing)中，構建完善的仿(fang)(fang)真環(huan)境，進而(er)完成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)境的模(mo)擬(ni)與(yu)(yu)構建。通過施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)仿(fang)(fang)真可(ke)以(yi)確(que)定施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)的可(ke)行(xing)性，從眾多(duo)方案(an)中選擇(ze)適應環(huan)境的方案(an)。通過這(zhe)種方式，可(ke)以(yi)提高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)的合理性，進而(er)提高鐵(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。將BIM技(ji)(ji)術與(yu)(yu)GIS技(ji)(ji)術相(xiang)結合，可(ke)以(yi)讓BIM模(mo)型(xing)與(yu)(yu)鐵(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的實(shi)際空間坐標相(xiang)對(dui)應，使BIM模(mo)型(xing)更加(jia)地(di)貼近與(yu)(yu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)際情況，進而(er)對(dui)鐵(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)進行(xing)實(shi)景展現。

3結論

綜上所述(shu)，BIM技(ji)術在鐵(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁施(shi)工中具有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)價值(zhi)，可(ke)以提高橋(qiao)(qiao)梁設計的(de)(de)(de)準確性，使橋(qiao)(qiao)梁結(jie)構更加的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)善，保障橋(qiao)(qiao)梁設計的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量。通(tong)過BIM技(ji)術可(ke)以對橋(qiao)(qiao)梁施(shi)工進(jin)行全(quan)方(fang)(fang)位的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)，對設計、進(jin)度(du)、成本(ben)等進(jin)行管理(li)，能夠為管理(li)策略的(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)提供支持(chi)，使橋(qiao)(qiao)梁設計方(fang)(fang)向更加的(de)(de)(de)合理(li)，進(jin)而保障鐵(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)穩定性。

作者(zhe)：薛超(chao) 單位：中鐵十九局(ju)集(ji)團第一工程有限公司