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篇1

關(guan)鍵詞(ci):工程造價;造價管理;成(cheng)本(ben)控制;控制措施

建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價管(guan)(guan)理，是(shi)(shi)指運用(yong)科(ke)學原理和經濟(ji)法規手段，解決工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)活(huo)動中的(de)(de)造(zao)價確定與(yu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、技(ji)(ji)術與(yu)經濟(ji)、經營(ying)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理等實際問題，它體(ti)現(xian)在投資(zi)決策、設(she)(she)計、發包(bao)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和預結算(suan)各個(ge)階段，是(shi)(shi)對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術、經濟(ji)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)綜合反映(ying)，是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑領域的(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部分(fen)和關鍵性工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目成(cheng)本的(de)(de)發生涉及到項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)整個(ge)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)周(zhou)期(qi)，從施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備開始，經施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)移交(jiao)后(hou)的(de)(de)保質期(qi)結束。筆者曾(ceng)參與(yu)多個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)成(cheng)本控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理，現(xian)就(jiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目成(cheng)本控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理措施(shi)進(jin)行分(fen)析(xi)探討。

一、施工(gong)工(gong)程項目成本(ben)控(kong)制的(de)內(nei)容

施工(gong)工(gong)程項(xiang)目的(de)成本控(kong)制(zhi)，是(shi)指工(gong)程施工(gong)過程中(zhong)，把控(kong)制(zhi)成本的(de)觀念(nian)滲(shen)透到施工(gong)技術(shu)、施工(gong)方(fang)法、施工(gong)管(guan)理的(de)措施中(zhong)，通過技術(shu)、方(fang)法比較(jiao)、經濟分析和(he)效果評(ping)價(jia)，對工(gong)程施工(gong)過程中(zhong)所(suo)消耗的(de)資源和(he)費用開支進(jin)行指導(dao)、監(jian)督(du)、調節和(he)限(xian)制(zhi)，及時糾(jiu)正將要發生和(he)已經發生的(de)偏(pian)差，把各項(xiang)施工(gong)費用控(kong)制(zhi)在成本控(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)案的(de)范圍之內。

(1)運用目標管理控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)目標，成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)是按單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)圖測(ce)算，并根(gen)據預期(qi)目標確定(ding)的，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)利潤按公式:利潤=工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價-目標成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)-稅金。

在確定每個單位工程的最(zui)低利潤額后將項目目標進行(xing)公開招標，用合同方式代替行(xing)政命令(ling)。

(2)在縱向上實(shi)行四級(ji)承包(bao)(bao)，項目經理按核定利潤(run)(中標利潤(run))與公司施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部門簽(qian)訂包(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期、質量、安全、成本為(wei)主要指標的分項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程承包(bao)(bao)合同;各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長將承包(bao)(bao)指標，以施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)務書形式落實(shi)到施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(班(ban))組(zu);各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(班(ban))組(zu)以定額工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)日為(wei)依據，對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)小組(zu)(人員)逐日下(xia)達施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)務。

(3)在(zai)橫向(xiang)上，項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經理(li)以公司法(fa)人委托人的身(shen)份(fen)與公司內、外部(bu)生(sheng)產、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)、經營單位簽訂構件預制件、配件加工(gong)(gong)(gong)、材料(liao)采購、外包工(gong)(gong)(gong)程等經濟合(he)同，用經濟和法(fa)律(lv)手段規(gui)范(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經理(li)部(bu)與相關單位的責任，緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞實現項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成本(ben)目(mu)(mu)標開展管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。加強基(ji)礎(chu)管(guan)理(li)確保成本(ben)目(mu)(mu)標的實現加強基(ji)礎(chu)管(guan)理(li)，應從組織、技術、經濟、合(he)同等多方(fang)面采取措施。

(4)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)明確的組織結構(gou)，有(you)專人負責和(he)明確管理(li)(li)職(zhi)能分工;技術上要(yao)(yao)(yao)對多(duo)種施(shi)工方案(an)進行選擇;經(jing)濟上要(yao)(yao)(yao)對成本進行動態(tai)管理(li)(li)，嚴(yan)格(ge)審核各項(xiang)費用(yong)(yong)支出，采取對節約成本的獎勵措施(shi)等;合同措施(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是收集、整理(li)(li)設計變更、工程簽證、費用(yong)(yong)索賠(pei)、決(jue)算書發文等。

二、建立嚴(yan)密有效的項(xiang)目成本內控體系(xi)。

企業成本(ben)控(kong)制體系，具體應包括3個相對獨立的控(kong)制層次:

第一個層次是在項目部及造(zao)價編制(zhi)人員全過程中融(rong)入相互(hu)牽制(zhi)、相互(hu)制(zhi)約的(de)制(zhi)度(du)，建立以防為主(zhu)的(de)監控(kong)防線。

第二個(ge)層(ceng)次是在有關人員(yuan)在從事業(ye)務(wu)(wu)時，必須明(ming)確業(ye)務(wu)(wu)處理權限和(he)應(ying)承擔的(de)責任，對一般業(ye)務(wu)(wu)或直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)客戶的(de)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)，均(jun)要(yao)經過復核，重要(yao)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)實行各職能部(bu)門簽(qian)認制(zhi)，專業(ye)崗位應(ying)配備責任心(xin)強，工作能力全面的(de)人員(yuan)擔任此職，并(bing)納入程(cheng)序(xu)化(hua)(hua)、規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)管理，將監督的(de)過程(cheng)和(he)結算(suan)定(ding)期(qi)直接(jie)反饋(kui)給財務(wu)(wu)部(bu)門的(de)負責人。

第三個層(ceng)次(ci)是以現有(you)的(de)(de)稽核(he)(he)、審(shen)計(ji)、紀(ji)律(lv)檢查部(bu)門為(wei)基礎，成(cheng)立(li)一(yi)個由公司直(zhi)接(jie)領導并獨(du)立(li)審(shen)計(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)的(de)(de)審(shen)計(ji)小組(zu)。審(shen)計(ji)小組(zu)通(tong)過內部(bu)常規稽核(he)(he)、項(xiang)(xiang)目審(shen)計(ji)、落(luo)實舉報(bao)、監督審(shen)查會計(ji)報(bao)表(biao)等手段，對項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)實施成(cheng)本控制，建立(li)有(you)效的(de)(de)以“查”為(wei)主的(de)(de)監督防線。以上3個層(ceng)次(ci)構(gou)筑的(de)(de)成(cheng)本控制體系對項(xiang)(xiang)目發生的(de)(de)經濟業務(wu)進行防、堵、查、遞進式的(de)(de)監督控制，對于(yu)及(ji)時發現問題、防范和化解項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)的(de)(de)經營風險(xian)和會計(ji)風險(xian)，將具有(you)重要的(de)(de)作用。

三、造價管理人員合理確(que)定(ding)機(ji)械(xie)臺班(ban)定(ding)額，把單(dan)車(che)、單(dan)機(ji)核算(suan)落實到(dao)機(ji)型和操(cao)作者個人，做到(dao)事(shi)前測算(suan)、事(shi)中(zhong)控制、事(shi)后考核，提高機(ji)械(xie)使用效率，爭取(qu)超額完成(cheng)臺班(ban)定(ding)額工作量，同時，注(zhu)意控制機(ji)械(xie)設備的維護成(cheng)本。

(1)控(kong)制(zhi)人(ren)工費成本和現場經費

一(yi)方面抓好人(ren)員編制(zhi)(zhi)，定(ding)崗(gang)定(ding)員，工程項目組織結構要精干、高(gao)效(xiao)、盡量(liang)縮小中(zhong)標人(ren)工費(fei)與實際工資標準的(de)差距。另一(yi)方面注意間接費(fei)用(yong)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)，保持一(yi)支筆審批經費(fei)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，特別控制(zhi)(zhi)招待費(fei)、差旅費(fei)、辦公費(fei)、電(dian)話(hua)費(fei)、低額耗品的(de)耗用(yong)等雜項開支。

(2)項目總工期與總成本的關系(xi)

工程活動(dong)的(de)(de)成本(ben)(ben)與它(ta)的(de)(de)持續時間(jian)的(de)(de)關(guan)系:隨著活動(dong)持續時間(jian)的(de)(de)延(yan)長(chang)或(huo)縮(suo)短，成本(ben)(ben)會相應的(de)(de)變化。這樣不同的(de)(de)安排，就會有不同的(de)(de)總(zong)工期，就會有不同的(de)(de)總(zong)成本(ben)(ben)，由此引起項目總(zong)工期和總(zong)成本(ben)(ben)之間(jian)復雜的(de)(de)關(guan)系。

對一(yi)個具(ju)體的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)項目，要精確地繪制(zhi)曲線是不(bu)可能的(de)，這(zhe)由于工(gong)期壓縮可選擇的(de)方案(an)較多，而方案(an)的(de)組合更不(bu)計其(qi)數(shu)。可以設計幾(ji)套方案(an)，如模(mo)板方案(an)、設備(bei)方案(an)、組織方案(an)，以得到工(gong)期與(yu)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)關系(xi)的(de)幾(ji)個點，可以大致確定工(gong)期與(yu)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)關系(xi)走向(xiang)。四、施工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)項目成本(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)主要措施

施工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段應在(zai)滿足(zu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)和(he)進(jin)(jin)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)條件下(xia)，加強成本控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段是一個經由投入資(zi)源和(he)條件的(de)(de)(de)成本控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)進(jin)(jin)而對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程及各環(huan)節進(jin)(jin)行材料、人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、機(ji)械的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，直至對所完成的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程產品的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)檢驗全過程的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與經濟(ji)(ji)相結合(he)是控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)項目成本的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效手段，正確處理技(ji)術(shu)(shu)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)與經濟(ji)(ji)合(he)理兩者之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)對立統一關系，力(li)求在(zai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)條件下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)(ji)合(he)理，在(zai)經濟(ji)(ji)合(he)理基礎上的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)，把(ba)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)項目成本的(de)(de)(de)觀念(nian)滲透到各項施工(gong)(gong)(gong)措施之(zhi)中。

(1)編制目標(biao)責(ze)任(ren)成本和(he)目標(biao)責(ze)任(ren)預算

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)后開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前，造(zao)價編制與管理人員應(ying)指導項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)(bu)確(que)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)(biao)責任(ren)(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)(bu)應(ying)根據(ju)目標(biao)(biao)責任(ren)(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)編制控(kong)制計(ji)劃(hua)。在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)額(e)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)預(yu)算以確(que)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)算成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，即從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)額(e)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)減(jian)掉(diao)間接費(fei)用(yong)、利潤(run)等項(xiang)(xiang)目;在(zai)確(que)定(ding)(ding)預(yu)算成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)金時，如果(guo)其數額(e)高(gao)于或低于向業主收(shou)取的(de)(de)(de)數額(e)，要按(an)實際應(ying)交數予以調(diao)(diao)整(zheng);現場經費(fei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)時設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)費(fei)根據(ju)實際需(xu)要進行調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)，先將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)價中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)時設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)費(fei)減(jian)掉(diao)，再將施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場實際產生的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用(yong)計(ji)入預(yu)算成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。預(yu)算成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)是項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)最高(gao)限額(e)，嚴防突破。根據(ju)本(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)合同承諾、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程所處環(huan)境、人才機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)配備(bei)及(ji)市場發(fa)展趨勢分(fen)別控(kong)制定(ding)(ding)出材料費(fei)、機(ji)械(xie)費(fei)、人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費(fei)及(ji)數量(liang)比較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)材料單價控(kong)制表，并制定(ding)(ding)出各(ge)分(fen)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)(ren)預(yu)算。項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)(bu)以各(ge)分(fen)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)實物量(liang)為(wei)基礎，按(an)照(zhao)部(bu)(bu)門、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊和班組的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行分(fen)解，形成(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)部(bu)(bu)門、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊和班組的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，為(wei)以后的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)制作好準備(bei)。項(xiang)(xiang)目經理對各(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長(chang)簽訂以考核工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期、質(zhi)量(liang)、安全、成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)為(wei)主要指標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程承包(bao)合同，各(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長(chang)將承包(bao)指標(biao)(biao)以施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)書形式落(luo)實到施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊組，各(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊組以企(qi)業定(ding)(ding)額(e)為(wei)依據(ju)，對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)小組逐日下達施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)。

(2)對人工費(fei)、材料費(fei)、機(ji)械費(fei)的控制

在人工費(fei)控(kong)制(zhi)上(shang)實耗工日(ri)數(shu)不得超過(guo)定(ding)額工日(ri)數(shu)，并結合實際(ji)發放工資與定(ding)額工資的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)對各工種直(zhi)接費(fei)用進行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)。為防止“窩工”，項目部很有必要培(pei)養、配備一批一專多能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)工人，便(bian)于調節(jie)各工序人數(shu)松緊情況(kuang)，這(zhe)樣既能(neng)加快工程(cheng)進度，又能(neng)節(jie)約(yue)人工費(fei)用，材料(liao)(liao)控(kong)制(zhi)上(shang)應(ying)著(zhu)重把好價格(ge)關(guan)和數(shu)量關(guan)，實行(xing)材料(liao)(liao)臺賬管理。材料(liao)(liao)采購要盡量減少中間環節(jie)或直(zhi)接從(cong)廠家進貨，拉大與預算(suan)價的(de)(de)(de)降幅，爭取更大的(de)(de)(de)利潤空間，實現工程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)低成本目標控(kong)制(zhi)。

結語

綜上所(suo)述，施工(gong)(gong)企業項目(mu)(mu)成本控制(zhi)(zhi)在整(zheng)個(ge)項目(mu)(mu)管理(li)體系(xi)中處于十分重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)地(di)位，造價編制(zhi)(zhi)與管理(li)人員加強(qiang)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)成本控制(zhi)(zhi)對控制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價，增(zeng)加經濟效益，提(ti)高職工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)人翁意識和工(gong)(gong)作積極(ji)性都(dou)有(you)極(ji)其重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)作用。特別(bie)是對提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量、確(que)保安全施工(gong)(gong)等方面也(ye)有(you)深遠的(de)(de)意義(yi)。

篇2

關鍵詞(ci)：道(dao)路(lu)(lu)橋梁；質量；道(dao)路(lu)(lu)檢測；城市交通(tong)

中(zhong)圖分類號(hao)：[TU997]；文獻標識碼(ma)：A ；文章(zhang)編號(hao)：

1 城市道路(lu)橋梁(liang)施工的狀況

1.1城市道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)與(yu)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀。隨著生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，在(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)基沉陷裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)或半剛性(xing)基層(ceng)，裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)處會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)斷裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)有縱(zong)向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，橫向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，縱(zong)向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)沿縱(zong)向(xiang)開裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，方向(xiang)，長(chang)度(du)和(he)(he)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)與(yu)一般(ban)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)是不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；沿道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橫向(xiang)開裂(lie)(lie)是橫向(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)心(xin)線基本垂(chui)直(zhi)整(zheng)個長(chang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分路(lu)(lu)(lu)段和(he)(he)部分路(lu)(lu)(lu)段整(zheng)個。裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)縱(zong)橫交錯，然后(hou)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)和(he)(he)垂(chui)直(zhi)斜縫(feng)連接縫(feng)，形(xing)成聯合網(wang)絡。有許多道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)附屬設(she)施(shi)，有很多水(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)位(wei)于在(zai)車道(dao)(dao)上(shang)，有很多排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)和(he)(he)干井(jing)(jing)也位(wei)于檢查(cha)車道(dao)(dao)，當井(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)小，回(hui)填土壓(ya)(ya)實是非常(chang)(chang)困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學位(wei)考(kao)試壓(ya)(ya)力也比較困難。建(jian)設(she)經常(chang)(chang)監(jian)管(guan)不(bu)(bu)嚴或監(jian)控(kong)，勢必道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)會(hui)造成變(bian)形(xing)等(deng)質量問題，導致出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一個共(gong)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)沙井(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)接縫(feng)低(di)迷(mi)缺陷，導致公路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋頭斷裂(lie)(lie)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。從(cong)而在(zai)中(zhong)期修復。1.2道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋梁建(jian)設(she)時(shi)地形(xing)因素及應對策略。崎嶇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山谷是山區(qu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要瓶頸，長(chang)度(du)比砂(sha)(sha)輪接觸面(mian)(mian)少，表(biao)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)看(kan)來疙瘩坑(keng)，鋪(pu)裝層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度(du)和(he)(he)強(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)統(tong)一。雨季結(jie)束后(hou)，再次在(zai)冬季和(he)(he)春季水(shui)(shui)(shui)分囤積在(zai)軟(ruan)土基到大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，將(jiang)(jiang)大(da)大(da)降低(di)了結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)雪(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透(tou)，結(jie)構(gou)無法容納的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，通(tong)(tong)往變(bian)形(xing)和(he)(he)失敗。有如(ru)下(xia)損(sun)傷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早期建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)：沉陷，瀝青骨料表(biao)面(mian)(mian)解吸。巖漿(jiang)(jiang)是由于瀝青面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)和(he)(he)透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)結(jie)構(gou)內部排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)較差，路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)或地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)(tong)過路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)，并(bing)長(chang)期停留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙(xi)，浸泡和(he)(he)清洗基料粘結(jie)劑形(xing)成砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)，擠進路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)交通(tong)(tong)負荷下(xia)通(tong)(tong)過瀝青面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)空洞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，形(xing)成了大(da)面(mian)(mian)積白(bai)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。沉降由于噴射藥水(shui)(shui)(shui)達到一定程(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地表(biao)沉降現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)發生(sheng)(sheng)，那(nei)么道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)將(jiang)(jiang)變(bian)得凹(ao)凸不(bu)(bu)平(ping)，造成車輛(liang)通(tong)(tong)行不(bu)(bu)便。

2 施工時混凝土澆筑需要注意的問題

澆筑混(hun)凝土(tu)和(he)鋼(gang)模(mo)(mo)板的(de)(de)大小之前，必須(xu)(xu)仔細檢查(cha)，嵌入式組件的(de)(de)位置，而且要檢查(cha)模(mo)(mo)板表面清潔，模(mo)(mo)板的(de)(de)密(mi)封性。澆注方法可分為(wei)：一個(ge)澆筑，澆筑分層（分層和(he)傾斜分層級(ji)）兩(liang)個(ge)。混(hun)凝土(tu)施工方法直接影(ying)響混(hun)凝土(tu)和(he)穩定的(de)(de)密(mi)度(du)(du)，這是質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)關系很大，因(yin)此(ci)，必須(xu)(xu)根據具(ju)體(ti)系統(tong)的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)，密(mi)度(du)(du)和(he)穩定，這是偉大之間的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)關系的(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)因(yin)此(ci)，系統(tong)必須(xu)(xu)是混(hun)凝土(tu)的(de)(de)能力，距離(li)和(he)輸液(ye)速度(du)(du)，溫度(du)(du)，振動等因(yin)素的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，慎重發展的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)澆筑過程中(zhong)。

2.1建設厚(hou)度(du)（高(gao)度(du)）越大(da)，能夠確(que)保混(hun)凝(ning)土振搗(dao)(dao)(dao)，風鑄(zhu)造方法(fa)應(ying)采用。層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)和混(hun)凝(ning)土澆(jiao)筑的(de)(de)一致性和振搗(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)方式，在(zai)正(zheng)常情況下，如使(shi)用插件(jian)振動(dong)(dong)器振動(dong)(dong)棒振搗(dao)(dao)(dao)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)的(de)(de)一些適(shi)當(dang)(dang)長度(du)的(de)(de)1.25倍，如用平(ping)板振動(dong)(dong)器振搗(dao)(dao)(dao)，澆(jiao)筑的(de)(de)作用時澆(jiao)筑層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)不(bu)能超過20厘米，當(dang)(dang)使(shi)用一側的(de)(de)振動(dong)(dong)器，澆(jiao)筑層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)30~40cm適(shi)當(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)。中小(xiao)跨(kua)度(du)T型橋梁一般水平(ping)分層(ceng)(ceng)，長的(de)(de)高(gao)大(da)的(de)(de)混(hun)凝(ning)土梁，如果(guo)供(gong)給水平(ping)跟不(bu)上，分層(ceng)(ceng)澆(jiao)筑鑄(zhu)造方法(fa)的(de)(de)進度(du)。

2.2空心板梁，頂欄焊接鋼管。然后(hou)(hou)灌(guan)注(zhu)肋(lei)骨和(he)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)板，等到混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)初凝(ning)(ning)后(hou)(hou)，可(ke)抽卸芯棒。分層澆(jiao)(jiao)筑，凝(ning)(ning)結(jie)應該開始前(qian)的第一層混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)，約子層和(he)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)振搗澆(jiao)(jiao)筑完畢。上下兩層之(zhi)間(jian)的間(jian)隔不能(neng)澆(jiao)(jiao)1個多小時(shi)（溫度(du)在30度(du)以(yi)(yi)上）或1.5小時(shi)（溫度(du)30度(du)或以(yi)(yi)下），也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)允許以(yi)(yi)確定測試之(zhi)間(jian)的時(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔。

2.3如果混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)澆筑(zhu)前(qian)子層，第一層混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)已凝結(jie)，混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)強度大于1200kPa的要求，綜合治療后可縫2500kPa澆筑(zhu)時間，可在混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)澆筑(zhu)。

2.4與新老(lao)混凝(ning)(ning)土的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)處理應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)以下特點。除(chu)老(lao)混凝(ning)(ning)土表面應(ying)切割(ge)泥和水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)薄弱層，使縫(feng)邊，鑿(zao)毛，沖洗干凈;如(ru)關節應(ying)刷的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥漿層，如(ru)果是在店內的(de)(de)(de)橫向接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)一(yi)個相同水(shui)灰比和混凝(ning)(ning)土地面和略小的(de)(de)(de)1~2cm厚的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥砂(sha)漿；斜角接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)應(ying)階梯狀(zhuang)斜坡關節面鑿(zao)毛;或地震區結構的(de)(de)(de)重要組成部分的(de)(de)(de)聯合，澆筑前應(ying)加(jia)錨(mao)筋;訪問接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)應(ying)離(li)開振動器振搗，澆筑時混凝(ning)(ning)土表面5~10cm。

3、那么，針對(dui)混凝土夏季施(shi)(shi)工特點(dian)和(he)諸多(duo)不利(li)因素，在混凝土攪拌和(he)澆筑的(de)過程中施(shi)(shi)工企業和(he)人員應該注意采取哪些防護措施(shi)(shi)呢？

注(zhu)意(yi)水(shui)泥的選擇及溫度(du)控制

水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)熱(re)主要(yao)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)中(zhong)含有的 C3S、C3A與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)反應(ying)(ying)產生，并(bing)受水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灰比(bi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)細度(du)，養護溫度(du)的影響。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)熱(re)隨以上影響因素的增(zeng)大(da)而增(zeng)高,在攪拌過程中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)該選擇各項指標(biao)都達標(biao)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)。美國標(biao)準 ACI 305R中(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)溫度(du)規定了(le)一個最(zui)高極限(xian)溫度(du)為(wei)(wei) 77℃。所以將水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)溫度(du)在混(hun)凝土拌和時，必須控(kong)制在 70℃以下。 考試大(da)論壇(tan)

3.1、注意骨(gu)料(liao)的選擇及溫度控制

砂石骨(gu)料(liao)攜帶的(de)熱(re)量(liang)占(zhan)混凝(ning)(ning) 土(tu)拌和物總熱(re)量(liang)的(de)46%左(zuo)右，是影響混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)溫度(du)控(kong)制的(de)主要因素之一。項目施工時，混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)粗骨(gu)料(liao)溫度(du)控(kong)制主要通過(guo)以下兩方面入手：

粗骨(gu)料(liao)從石(shi)料(liao)場運(yun)到商混攪拌站，其受(shou)氣溫影響較大，盡管在粗骨(gu)料(liao)上加裝遮陽(yang)棚 ，骨(gu)料(liao)表層溫度仍為32℃左右，需采(cai)取其他降溫措施。 采(cai)集者退(tui)散

②在澆(jiao)筑混凝土前1小(xiao)時(shi)，用攪(jiao)拌(ban)站(zhan)自備地下水(shui)井抽取地下水(shui)(22℃)沖(chong)洗粗骨(gu)料，使(shi)骨(gu)料能夠散(san)發(fa)部(bu)分(fen)熱量(liang)。采用這一措施，使(shi)骨(gu)料溫度從 32℃降至 28℃。同時(shi)抽取的地下水(shui)噴淋混凝土攪(jiao)拌(ban)機、料斗、水(shui)泥(ni)存儲倉，混凝土罐車(che)等，使(shi)設備降溫。

3.2、注意水(shui)的(de)溫度控(kong)制(zhi)

水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)對混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)很大。水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)過高(gao)會使混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)增高(gao)，坍落(luo)度(du)損失增大，從而導致(zhi)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)強度(du)、耐久性、泌水(shui)性降低(di)。由(you)于水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)比水(shui)泥或(huo)骨料的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)更易(yi)控(kong)制，因此，通過控(kong)制水(shui)溫(wen)(wen) (15℃以下)的(de)(de)(de)方法降低(di)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)更有效。 本(ben)文來源(yuan):考(kao)試(shi)大網

冰(bing)在融化時(shi)，可吸收的熱量為 335 J/g，采取水(shui)中(zhong)加(jia)冰(bing)的方法(fa)降低混凝(ning)土(tu)溫度效果更佳。按通常情況(kuang)扣除砂石骨料(liao)的游離(li)水(shui) 35 kg/m3 ，外加(jia)劑中(zhong)的水(shui)，按40～50 kg/m3冰(bing)屑來替(ti)代水(shui)

3.3、注意外加劑的(de)選用

按選(xuan)(xuan)擇混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土外加劑(ji)的原則，盡可(ke)能(neng)選(xuan)(xuan)擇減水率高的外加劑(ji)，以便降低(di)水泥用量(liang)，達到降低(di)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土水化熱目(mu)的。

4、 道路橋梁施工(gong)結束的檢測

只有經過這個環(huan)節(jie)，才可以(yi)達到對事故的(de)預防。切實履行好安(an)(an)全檢測職責，是(shi)確保(bao)項目(mu)投資(zi)、進(jin)度(du)(du)、質(zhi)(zhi)量目(mu)標實現(xian)的(de)基礎性工作，也(ye)是(shi)避免發生重大(da)安(an)(an)全事故的(de)重要(yao)環(huan)節(jie)。工程(cheng)檢測是(shi)指檢測單(dan)位根(gen)據有關法(fa)規和(he)監(jian)(jian)理合同以(yi)及其他相關工程(cheng)建設合同，對道(dao)路或橋梁(liang)(liang)工程(cheng)的(de)施工進(jin)行全面(mian)的(de)監(jian)(jian)督和(he)管(guan)理，即對所(suo)監(jian)(jian)理工程(cheng)項目(mu)進(jin)行三控制（質(zhi)(zhi)量、進(jin)度(du)(du)、投資(zi)）、兩管(guan)理（合同、信息）、一(yi)協(xie)調（對工程(cheng)項目(mu)參與各方進(jin)行組(zu)織協(xie)調）。目(mu)的(de)是(shi)力求使道(dao)路和(he)橋梁(liang)(liang)工程(cheng)項目(mu)能在計劃的(de)投資(zi)、進(jin)度(du)(du)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量目(mu)標內(nei)建成(cheng)使用(yong)。以(yi)下是(shi)檢測的(de)主要(yao)環(huan)節(jie)和(he)注意事項。

4.1在(zai)基礎施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段，監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)應(ying)(ying)審查承(cheng)包商的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍和技術人(ren)員的(de)專業素質，符合有(you)關規定，不準開工(gong)(gong)。版本的(de)正確按設計圖紙。個人(ren)監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)應(ying)(ying)該去(qu)現場檢(jian)查工(gong)(gong)作有(you)關問(wen)題的(de)結構與連(lian)接線的(de)項目可能不會有(you)絲(si)毫的(de)馬虎，錯(cuo)誤，應(ying)(ying)當允許在(zai)規范(fan)范(fan)圍內。

4.2在基礎設施(shi)建設，監理工程師(shi)，專注(zhu)于(yu)(yu)地質結構(gou)的(de)變化。由于(yu)(yu)鉆探(tan)調查和設計(ji)工作，在未知的(de)，因為(wei)其(qi)他(ta)自然條件(jian)或(huo)可能會導(dao)致在現場條件(jian)和設計(ji)圖紙不匹配給定的(de)地質信息，代表必須及時和設計(ji)（或(huo)設計(ji)單位），使設計(ji)的(de)變化，采取相應的(de)工程措施(shi)，否(fou)則該項目(mu)可能會造成很(hen)大的(de)麻煩，后果將(jiang)難以補救。

4.3是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)隱藏的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目，所以(yi)一(yi)(yi)定要堅持嚴格的(de)(de)旁(pang)站(zhan)監理(li)原則。由(you)專(zhuan)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師到現場識(shi)別更多(duo)的(de)(de)嵌(qian)入(ru)式條件的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上事(shi)先(xian)監督(du)，保證在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)地質和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)缺陷的(de)(de)變化，及時(shi)發(fa)現，和建設(she)(she)程(cheng)序的(de)(de)每一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)，它的(de)(de)照片，準(zhun)備數據突發(fa)事(shi)件的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上予以(yi)處罰責任的(de)(de)事(shi)件。大量的(de)(de)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，有(you)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)與鋪設(she)(she)鋼(gang)，因此，從開(kai)挖基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑，設(she)(she)置圍(wei)堰，排水(shui)，豎立模板澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)需要一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)技術水(shui)平，現場監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師應(ying)在各個(ge)(ge)層面的(de)(de)認(ren)可，并為混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)振搗工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)各個(ge)(ge)部分(fen)（如邊緣(yuan)）目前，應(ying)具有(you)特別重要的(de)(de)意義。鋼(gang)鐵零件，鋼(gang)鐵的(de)(de)大小和間距(ju)是做了檢查。

5 結論

綜上(shang)所述，市政道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁土基施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)難度不大(da)，但由于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)場地(di)狹小，交通(tong)流量(liang)(liang)(liang)影響大(da)，且(qie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝比(bi)較復雜，因此(ci)，在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)會(hui)(hui)遇到各(ge)種各(ge)樣(yang)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)約。所以(yi)(yi)，要(yao)始終堅持技術(shu)標準(zhun)(zhun)，注意加強(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)，強(qiang)化(hua)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)意識(shi)，就一(yi)(yi)定會(hui)(hui)提(ti)高(gao)土基路(lu)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)久性。質量(liang)(liang)(liang)通(tong)病是可以(yi)(yi)預(yu)防并消除的(de)(de)(de)(de)，為了保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)，使市政道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)做(zuo)得更好、我們應(ying)進一(yi)(yi)步理(li)(li)順質量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)體系，加強(qiang)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實施(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督管理(li)(li)，抓住關鍵問(wen)題和重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，嚴格遵守設計及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規范技術(shu)標準(zhun)(zhun)，控制(zhi)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)(hui)逐步走上(shang)系統(tong)化(hua)、法制(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軌道(dao)(dao)，電腦技術(shu)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)(hui)普遍地(di)運(yun)用到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)中(zhong)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)(hui)有很大(da)提(ti)高(gao)，全(quan)面(mian)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)體系將(jiang)(jiang)得到廣泛推(tui)廣應(ying)用，我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)水平將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)(hui)提(ti)高(gao)到一(yi)(yi)個新水平。除此(ci)之外，每一(yi)(yi)個檢測工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)，必(bi)須(xu)不斷(duan)地(di)充實自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)業務知(zhi)識(shi)，始終以(yi)(yi)飽滿的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，以(yi)(yi)滿足中(zhong)國(guo)橋(qiao)梁道(dao)(dao)路(lu)運(yun)輸行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)需(xu)求。

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