導語(yu)：如何才能寫(xie)好一篇助理(li)(li)工程師職稱論文(wen)(wen)，這就(jiu)需要搜(sou)集整理(li)(li)更(geng)多的資料和文(wen)(wen)獻，歡迎閱讀(du)由(you)公(gong)務員之家整理(li)(li)的十篇范文(wen)(wen)，供你借鑒。

篇1

1．1施工工序與設計圖紙脫鉤

很多地(di)基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術人員自身的(de)(de)職業技(ji)(ji)能與思(si)想素質較(jiao)低(di)，在組織與開(kai)展地(di)基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)時，沒(mei)(mei)有認真審查設計圖紙(zhi)，這就直(zhi)接增(zeng)加施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)難(nan)度(du)，導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)繁瑣紊亂，延長了(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)周期，增(zeng)加了(le)經濟(ji)開(kai)支。甚(shen)至還會在一些關鍵施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環節(jie)上出現嚴重的(de)(de)錯誤(wu)，嚴重影響到整(zheng)個(ge)地(di)基(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質量，很有可能需要返工(gong)(gong)(gong)，這也(ye)(ye)造成(cheng)了(le)不必要的(de)(de)經濟(ji)浪(lang)費。同時，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術人員在組織施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)有進(jin)行合理(li)的(de)(de)人力資源配置(zhi)，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)有根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)進(jin)度(du)調用機械(xie)設備(bei)，在材料的(de)(de)發放和使用上也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)有進(jin)行嚴格的(de)(de)管理(li)控制(zhi)，這就會導致大浪(lang)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)浪(lang)費，讓(rang)地(di)基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作失(shi)去實(shi)際(ji)意義(yi)。

1．2材料成(cheng)本控制力度(du)不強

通常(chang)，建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所需(xu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)品種復雜、供應渠(qu)道繁多，加上中標報價(jia)(jia)低(di)、預算定(ding)額滯后等原因，往往會(hui)導(dao)(dao)致材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管理非常(chang)復雜。建(jian)筑企業為了(le)盡可(ke)能地(di)提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)經濟利潤(run)，通常(chang)會(hui)優(you)先考慮原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格，但忽略(lve)了(le)原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)作用，這樣(yang)一(yi)來在(zai)(zai)后期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)當中必然會(hui)導(dao)(dao)致質(zhi)量(liang)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)，嚴重時甚至會(hui)導(dao)(dao)致安全事故的(de)(de)(de)發生，從(cong)而(er)(er)造成(cheng)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)后果出現(xian)。同(tong)時，由于在(zai)(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)對原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)管理不到位，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)素質(zhi)偏低(di)，忽視(shi)了(le)節(jie)約成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)理念，從(cong)而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上增(zeng)加了(le)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。(1)采(cai)購無(wu)計劃、計劃不周，導(dao)(dao)致工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)、數(shu)量(liang)同(tong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)要(yao)不符合，導(dao)(dao)致資金周轉不靈或窩工(gong)(gong)(gong)浪費現(xian)象的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)。(2)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)采(cai)購沒有遵循市場(chang)價(jia)(jia)值原理，采(cai)購前(qian)沒有對材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)、價(jia)(jia)格、運輸費用進行比較研究，導(dao)(dao)致材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)失控(kong)。(3)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)核算不仔細，基礎數(shu)據(ju)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)不充足，出現(xian)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)不真(zhen)實(shi)等嚴重問(wen)題(ti)，從(cong)而(er)(er)導(dao)(dao)致材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)失控(kong)。

1．3施工(gong)安(an)全落實不到位

目前(qian)，安全生(sheng)產始終是每(mei)一個建筑企(qi)業必須貫(guan)徹落(luo)實的工作(zuo)，一旦在施(shi)工過(guo)程中發生(sheng)安全事(shi)故，其后果是不(bu)(bu)堪設想的。現在我國建筑工地上經常出現安全事(shi)故，基本上都會(hui)有人(ren)員(yuan)傷亡，這不(bu)(bu)僅會(hui)給建筑企(qi)業帶來沉重的經濟負擔，還(huan)會(hui)為(wei)社會(hui)及(ji)家庭帶來負擔。施(shi)工現場的監理人(ren)員(yuan)與施(shi)工隊伍均是為(wei)了(le)追(zhui)趕(gan)進度，盡快完成工程施(shi)工，就忽視了(le)對安全隱患的分析與控(kong)制，對一些安全威(wei)脅(xie)也是視而不(bu)(bu)見(jian)，直至最(zui)后引發了(le)重大的安全事(shi)故后才追(zhui)悔莫及(ji)。

2新時期(qi)建筑工程管理成本控制的有效途徑

2．1完善和優化施工組織設(she)計

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段一般都(dou)是(shi)按照(zhao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙展開(kai)的(de)(de)，其中所(suo)(suo)需(xu)要的(de)(de)人力(li)、機械(xie)(xie)設(she)備(bei)、原材(cai)料、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序以(yi)及(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)周期(qi)等均(jun)是(shi)之前設(she)計(ji)(ji)規劃好(hao)的(de)(de)，不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程周期(qi)也(ye)是(shi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)，且所(suo)(suo)使用的(de)(de)機械(xie)(xie)設(she)備(bei)也(ye)是(shi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)，也(ye)會使成(cheng)本(ben)費用有所(suo)(suo)不(bu)同(tong)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)，不(bu)斷地完善和(he)優化(hua)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案，科(ke)學合理地開(kai)展施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(ji)(ji)，在不(bu)違背相(xiang)關的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術標準的(de)(de)前提下，做(zuo)好(hao)優化(hua)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，討論并(bing)制定出先(xian)進(jin)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，實現人力(li)資源的(de)(de)最(zui)優化(hua)配置，機械(xie)(xie)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)使用也(ye)需(xu)要做(zuo)好(hao)規劃，減(jian)少租借的(de)(de)時(shi)間，可以(yi)降(jiang)低設(she)備(bei)開(kai)支。同(tong)時(shi)，地基工(gong)(gong)(gong)程成(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)制人員還應該頻繁地到(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場進(jin)行監督(du)調查，并(bing)采用成(cheng)本(ben)動態管理的(de)(de)模式，不(bu)斷地調整成(cheng)本(ben)預算，嚴(yan)格控(kong)制財務開(kai)支。

2．2加強原材料的成本管(guan)理(li)工作

在(zai)建(jian)筑地(di)基(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)，通(tong)常(chang)原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本費用(yong)(yong)將占到(dao)整個地(di)基(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)總費用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)70%左右，因此，只(zhi)要能較好(hao)地(di)控制住原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本費用(yong)(yong)，就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)大(da)大(da)減少地(di)基(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本費用(yong)(yong)，具(ju)有非常(chang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)約潛力。所以(yi)，首(shou)先必須(xu)在(zai)確保原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量達到(dao)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，在(zai)采購(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)堅(jian)(jian)持購(gou)買市(shi)場中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最低價格。其(qi)次，嚴格按照施工(gong)工(gong)序以(yi)及施工(gong)進度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關要求，科(ke)學安排各階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)要料(liao)計劃(hua)，這(zhe)一方(fang)面(mian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)確保施工(gong)與工(gong)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續性，另一方(fang)面(mian)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)將流動資(zi)金用(yong)(yong)活用(yong)(yong)好(hao)，減少材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲存成(cheng)本。再者，加強施工(gong)現場的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)料(liao)管(guan)理力度(du)，堆放合理，降低攤積和(he)搬運過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗。最后，要堅(jian)(jian)持余料(liao)回收，廢物(wu)二次利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀念，這(zhe)是(shi)降低材(cai)(cai)料(liao)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要環節(jie)。

2．3加強施(shi)工安全(quan)管理

首先，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)監(jian)理部門應該制定出一套健全(quan)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)管理制度，并嚴格指導與督(du)促現(xian)場(chang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，對于存在(zai)(zai)安全(quan)問題(ti)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)問題(ti)必須(xu)要(yao)對其(qi)(qi)進(jin)行縝密的(de)分析(xi)及排除，一旦出現(xian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員違規操作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)問題(ti)要(yao)立即展開(kai)教(jiao)育(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，讓其(qi)(qi)深(shen)刻認識到(dao)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程安全(quan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)重要(yao)性(xing)與意義。其(qi)(qi)次，重點(dian)(dian)檢查(cha)機械設(she)備的(de)安全(quan)性(xing)，在(zai)(zai)操作(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)前(qian)要(yao)仔細審查(cha)其(qi)(qi)安全(quan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，并且(qie)督(du)促操作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員進(jin)行正確操作(zuo)(zuo)，并在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后(hou)積極做(zuo)好(hao)機械設(she)備的(de)維護保養工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)延(yan)長建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)機械設(she)備的(de)使用壽命。做(zuo)到(dao)上述兩點(dian)(dian)，就能(neng)(neng)有效地減少安全(quan)事故的(de)發生，提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)質量(liang)，加快(kuai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度，進(jin)而就降低了地基工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本。

3結語

篇2

同時(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)就直接決(jue)定了整個建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好與(yu)壞，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)又包括經濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)和社會效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)。還有(you)(you)一個就是(shi)(shi)環境效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)，三(san)大(da)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)都將直接被(bei)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)所影響，同時(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)承包商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)問(wen)題(ti)，而(er)(er)且(qie)還關(guan)系著入住(zhu)(zhu)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命財產安全。因(yin)(yin)為建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物是(shi)(shi)一個龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程，倘若由(you)于一些意外(wai)而(er)(er)發(fa)生(sheng)事(shi)故，后果不(bu)堪設想。例如:在(zai)(zai)日本，由(you)于大(da)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房屋(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)沒有(you)(you)問(wen)題(ti)，而(er)(er)且(qie)他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房屋(wu)都很(hen)扎實(shi)，所以(yi)無論經過多少次地震，她(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷亡是(shi)(shi)很(hen)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但是(shi)(shi)汶川大(da)地震的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，由(you)于房屋(wu)不(bu)太(tai)結實(shi)，沒有(you)(you)抗震的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果，很(hen)多工(gong)(gong)程都是(shi)(shi)偷工(gong)(gong)減料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以(yi)出現(xian)了死傷無數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，由(you)此可見，所以(yi)加強質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理在(zai)(zai)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)極(ji)其重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)會讓人住(zhu)(zhu)進去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員由(you)于質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)而(er)(er)成天修補、這不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)多耗(hao)費人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金，而(er)(er)且(qie)耗(hao)費了時(shi)(shi)間，在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)過程中，質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)作為承包商放(fang)在(zai)(zai)第一位置考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su)。在(zai)(zai)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)這個激烈競爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會，要想在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)里提高(gao)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭力就要從(cong)自(zi)(zi)身出發(fa)，加強質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理，把質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)位，讓自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)中越(yue)走越(yue)平坦。

二、建筑式(shi)程施工字處(chu)理中存在的問題

（一）安全問題

在(zai)(zai)某種意義上來說，人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理比工(gong)程的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)更重(zhong)(zhong)要。一(yi)旦工(gong)地上發生安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題(ti)，不但影(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)程進度，同時也在(zai)(zai)施工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)心(xin)靈上夢上了一(yi)層(ceng)陰影(ying)，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)作情緒和工(gong)作效率，除了安(an)(an)裝必要的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防護設施和配(pei)發安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)設備外(wai)，還應定期對其進行安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)培訓，根據具(ju)體施工(gong)環境，給予施工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)相應的(de)必備品。

在對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員進行安全(quan)保(bao)護(hu)的同時，還應做好(hao)對周圍非工(gong)(gong)程人(ren)員的保(bao)護(hu)。設置柵欄，劃定施(shi)工(gong)(gong)區等都是(shi)行之有(you)效的辦(ban)法，但(dan)是(shi)即使是(shi)做好(hao)了(le)這(zhe)些防(fang)護(hu)措施(shi)，還應安排(pai)專人(ren)對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)周圍巡(xun)查，及時排(pai)除因非工(gong)(gong)程人(ren)員不按要求走而造成(cheng)安全(quan)事故的險情(qing)發(fa)生。

同時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)施工現(xian)場還存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著其他方面的安全(quan)隱患，主要體現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)下兩個(ge)方面：

1、交位癱瘓的脫(tuo)節管理模式激(ji)烈的市場(chang)(chang)競爭迫使相當部分(fen)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工企業(ye)喪失了自和控(kong)制權(quan)，被動地依附項目承(cheng)建(jian)人，僅收取管理費，從而被迫違心所(suo)從放任(ren)于項目承(cheng)建(jian)人，項目承(cheng)建(jian)人又把工程進行層層轉(zhuan)包(bao)或分(fen)包(bao)，從而造成(cheng)部分(fen)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工現場(chang)(chang)未能很好貫(guan)徹落實有關建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工安全文件，造成(cheng)不通和建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)現場(chang)(chang)失控(kong)的被動局面(mian)。

2、建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)企業對安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)及文明施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)視不(bu)(bu)夠，在管(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中，未能將施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)擺(bai)在應有(you)的位(wei)置(zhi)，未能真正(zheng)認識到建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)責任重(zhong)大，國家有(you)關建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的法律、法規、規范和(he)省級(ji)下發的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)文件，不(bu)(bu)能及時傳(chuan)達貫徹(che)和(he)落實到每一個施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場，安(an)全(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)監管(guan)薄弱(ruo)，處罰不(bu)(bu)到位(wei)。從(cong)而影響了施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的落實。

（二）質量問題

1、建(jian)筑工程企業的內部管(guan)理存在問(wen)題

建筑(zhu)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)管理(li)過程中存在的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量問題其主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)源(yuan)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制。人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制首先是(shi)(shi)選(xuan)好(hao)(hao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，用好(hao)(hao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)在不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)、不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)地(di)點，是(shi)(shi)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)，選(xuan)擇人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)時應(ying)該盡量做到一人(ren)(ren)(ren)多(duo)能(neng)，這(zhe)樣就(jiu)能(neng)精簡人(ren)(ren)(ren)員，帶半功倍，其次，應(ying)充分(fen)(fen)調動人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)動力(li)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)動性說穿了就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠(gou)主(zhu)動地(di)去工(gong)作，主(zhu)動地(di)發現問題，解決問題。充分(fen)(fen)調動人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)動性，讓員工(gong)能(neng)盡心盡力(li)為(wei)企業謀取(qu)利益。人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制不(bu)(bu)能(neng)生搬硬(ying)套，應(ying)因(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而異，采取(qu)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)方法只有(you)這(zhe)樣，工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量才(cai)能(neng)有(you)所保證(zheng)。

2、政府(fu)監管不(bu)(bu)到位，竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收把關(guan)不(bu)(bu)嚴。個別工(gong)(gong)地有以下情況(kuang)發(fa)生，設計(ji)單位和開發(fa)商相互勾(gou)結，降低設計(ji)標準，不(bu)(bu)完全按相應的規范設計(ji)，監理方對此也熟視(shi)無睹(du)，質(zhi)檢(jian)部(bu)門也收受(shou)賄賂，大開方便之門，到最后，受(shou)騙(pian)的是房子的業主，所以政府(fu)部(bu)門要(yao)實行(xing)嚴格的監管力度(du)，對這種工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)之間彼(bi)此的和諧關(guan)系，要(yao)堅決抵制。只(zhi)有這樣，才(cai)能保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的質(zhi)量。

3、建筑(zhu)產品的質量(liang)問題也(ye)直接影響到工程的質量(liang)

在(zai)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)驗(yan)收方(fang)(fang)面：對(dui)(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)外觀(guan)，狀況、數量、尺寸等進行核查，不能出現缺斤少(shao)兩的(de)(de)現象；在(zai)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量方(fang)(fang)面每(mei)(mei)種(zhong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)都應(ying)(ying)有相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量證明文件，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)有特殊要求的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)應(ying)(ying)嚴加查驗(yan)，不能有以(yi)次(ci)充好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)現象發(fa)生，對(dui)(dui)可能出現的(de)(de)各種(zhong)情況，應(ying)(ying)有相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)預案存(cun)檔。同時(shi)做好(hao)(hao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)檔案管理工作，對(dui)(dui)每(mei)(mei)種(zhong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)供應(ying)(ying)商，驗(yan)收人員，存(cun)放地(di)址(zhi)，存(cun)放環(huan)境，使用情況等做好(hao)(hao)記錄，使得領導(dao)對(dui)(dui)每(mei)(mei)種(zhong)工程材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)具(ju)體情況能夠(gou)一清二楚，在(zai)保證工程質(zhi)量的(de)(de)前提下，降低(di)工程造價，提高工程進度。

三(san)、做(zuo)好建筑工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)管理應做(zuo)的工(gong)(gong)作

(一)施工管理前的準備工作

1.對圖(tu)紙、技術(shu)規范(fan)及操(cao)作流(liu)程進行分析(xi)

要(yao)(yao)熟(shu)悉(xi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖紙，有(you)關技(ji)術規范和操作規程，了(le)(le)解能(neng)設(she)計要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)及(ji)(ji)細(xi)部，節點做法，了(le)(le)解清(qing)楚有(you)關技(ji)術資料對工(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)；要(yao)(yao)熟(shu)悉(xi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)及(ji)(ji)細(xi)部，節點做法，了(le)(le)解清(qing)楚有(you)關技(ji)術文件對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)順序(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法、技(ji)術、措施(shi)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)及(ji)(ji)現場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)總平面布置(zhi)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，了(le)(le)解清(qing)楚完成施(shi)工(gong)(gong)任(ren)務中的薄弱環節和關鍵部位。

2.對施工項目的生產要(yao)素詳細分析，認真研究并(bing)強(qiang)化管理

對生(sheng)產要素進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)優(you)化配置、優(you)化組合，同時也對生(sheng)產要素進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)動態(tai)管理。合理高效地利(li)用資源，實現提高項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理綜合效益，促進(jin)(jin)整體優(you)化的目(mu)的。同時還應(ying)在(zai)(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理中進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)成本控(kong)制(zhi)，因為項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的成功與否，利(li)潤(run)率是一個重要指(zhi)標(biao)。收入(ru)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位競標(biao)以后(hou)是相對固(gu)定(ding)的而成本在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中則右以通過組織管理進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)。因此，成本控(kong)制(zhi)是建設項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理的關鍵工(gong)(gong)作，只有很好(hao)地控(kong)制(zhi)成本，才能(neng)收到很好(hao)的效果。

3.在(zai)成本(ben)控制(zhi)的同(tong)時，還應進行進度控制(zhi)

首先，編制進度計劃(hua)，應在充分掌握(wo)工(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)及工(gong)序的(de)基礎(chu)上進行(xing)，然后(hou)確定計劃(hua)工(gong)期(qi)，一般情況(kuang)下，建(jian)設單(dan)位在招(zhao)標時會提供標底工(gong)期(qi)，施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位應參照該工(gong)期(qi)，同時結(jie)合自己的(de)能(neng)調(diao)配的(de)最(zui)大目合適(shi)(shi)的(de)資源，最(zui)終確定計劃(hua)工(gong)期(qi)。再次，實時監控(kong)進度計劃(hua)的(de)完成(cheng)情況(kuang)，按(an)照可(ke)編制的(de)進度計劃(hua)對實際(ji)施(shi)工(gong)進行(xing)適(shi)(shi)時監控(kong)。

(二(er))施工中的質量管理(li)工作

建筑工(gong)(gong)程的(de)質量管理在(zai)一定程度上指的(de)是(shi)在(zai)進行建筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前要在(zai)一個明(ming)確的(de)目標(biao)的(de)前提下，了解建筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中應承擔的(de)責任(ren)，然后(hou)將制(zhi)定好(hao)的(de)規劃和(he)設計(ji)用于建筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中來(lai)，認(ren)真把關，嚴格(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)進度，總結經驗教訓，取得建筑工(gong)(gong)程最后(hou)的(de)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)。

1.保證施工技術的協調(diao)發展

在(zai)(zai)建筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)前要(yao)對(dui)圖(tu)紙進行合理(li)完善(shan)的(de)規劃和(he)設計容不(bu)(bu)得一點(dian)差(cha)錯，倘若發(fa)現圖(tu)紙上(shang)面存在(zai)(zai)著施工(gong)(gong)(gong)難度和(he)技(ji)術誤差(cha)，一定要(yao)對(dui)圖(tu)紙進行改(gai)進和(he)完善(shan)，找(zhao)出解(jie)(jie)決辦法，決不(bu)(bu)能(neng)擁(yong)有這(zhe)是一點(dian)小小的(de)技(ji)術問(wen)題，不(bu)(bu)去重視它的(de)思想(xiang)。因為技(ji)術直接影響著建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)能(neng)否建好，另外當把設計圖(tu)紙交(jiao)由高級工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)審計時，應該認真從技(ji)術角度出發(fa)，對(dui)圖(tu)紙逐步加以(yi)整改(gai)和(he)完善(shan)，最后的(de)交(jiao)底(di)環(huan)節同樣(yang)是很重要(yao)的(de)，不(bu)(bu)容忽視。那(nei)么什(shen)么是技(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)呢？技(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)就(jiu)是指(zhi)讓在(zai)(zai)建筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員以(yi)及管理(li)和(he)監督人員要(yao)對(dui)圖(tu)紙了解(jie)(jie)的(de)十分透徹，避免(mian)在(zai)(zai)建筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中因誤解(jie)(jie)而(er)出差(cha)錯以(yi)致返工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

2.保證施工(gong)管(guan)理的(de)全面協調(diao)

建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)除(chu)了要重(zhong)(zhong)視技術上的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題之(zhi)外(wai)，還要重(zhong)(zhong)視管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)一系列(lie)問題，擁有一套(tao)能用在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制度對加強施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)是非常有幫助(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)對質量和(he)進度的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)來(lai)盡量避免在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中出(chu)現(xian)(xian)問題，以達到(dao)讓(rang)(rang)損失減少(shao)到(dao)最小的(de)(de)(de)(de)地步。另外(wai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中要派遣專(zhuan)人負(fu)責工(gong)(gong)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)到(dao)竣工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人員更(geng)要對整個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)程序了解透徹，以便更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中進行有效管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，減少(shao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)擔，讓(rang)(rang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)每一環(huan)節都秩(zhi)序井(jing)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)任(ren)務。

3.保證組織管理的全面協(xie)調

每個(ge)公(gong)司和(he)企業(ye)(ye)都有(you)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)管(guan)理制度(du)，在(zai)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)也一(yi)(yi)樣，在(zai)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)要建(jian)立(li)起一(yi)(yi)些獎(jiang)(jiang)罰制度(du)。對于具有(you)在(zai)高難度(du)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)根據自(zi)己(ji)的(de)創新，憑(ping)借自(zi)己(ji)的(de)頭(tou)腦(nao)和(he)能力(li)解決(jue)了此次(ci)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)高難度(du)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)以及出現在(zai)一(yi)(yi)些問題的(de)將成(cheng)立(li)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)會(hui)議組對其進行(xing)總結獎(jiang)(jiang)賞，并(bing)希望其它(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作人員能再接再厲。同時對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)不(bu)按(an)正(zheng)規(gui)程(cheng)序(xu)來辦事，只按(an)照自(zi)己(ji)的(de)思想(xiang)一(yi)(yi)意孤行(xing)最后造(zao)成(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)出現問題而造(zao)成(cheng)損失的(de)，將由相關人員進行(xing)懲罰。做(zuo)到(dao)獎(jiang)(jiang)懲分明，才(cai)能在(zai)為企業(ye)(ye)樹立(li)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)威(wei)嚴，才(cai)能將建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)步步落到(dao)實處。

4.加(jia)強(qiang)管理人員以及建筑工(gong)地工(gong)作人員的技術水平(ping)與素(su)質

建筑(zhu)物質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)好壞(huai)不僅僅與(yu)設(she)計圖樣與(yu)規劃有(you)關，還應該與(yu)管理(li)人員(yuan)以及施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)關系。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)是(shi)否專業，是(shi)否認真仔(zi)細對(dui)建筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)都有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)影響，要加強對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)技術培養(yang)，加強他們的(de)(de)思想道德修養(yang)，讓他們在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)不能(neng)浮躁(zao)，讓建筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)都能(neng)發揮特有(you)的(de)(de)功效。

(三(san))施工(gong)后的驗(yan)收(shou)工(gong)作

維護(hu)“三檢(jian)(jian)”制度建筑施(shi)工(gong)過程中(zhong)，有了(le)進(jin)展之后要(yao)由(you)作業班組對(dui)其進(jin)行檢(jian)(jian)測，然后再由(you)質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)以及相關高級技術人員對(dui)其進(jin)行檢(jian)(jian)測，最后再由(you)承(cheng)包商進(jin)行互檢(jian)(jian)以及交接檢(jian)(jian)。在質(zhi)(zhi)量這方(fang)面，質(zhi)(zhi)量部(bu)門一定不要(yao)馬(ma)馬(ma)虎(hu)虎(hu)，要(yao)嚴加把(ba)關，不能心慈手(shou)軟。倘若建筑施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)除(chu)了(le)質(zhi)(zhi)量或(huo)者施(shi)工(gong)問題(ti)，一定要(yao)總結原(yuan)因，讓(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)量問題(ti)無處可(ke)逃，讓(rang)群眾(zhong)對(dui)所(suo)建造(zao)的建筑滿(man)質(zhi)(zhi)量滿(man)意，認真對(dui)待施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)的每一個質(zhi)(zhi)量問題(ti)。

篇3

施(shi)工企(qi)業的(de)施(shi)工質量如何直接關系到企(qi)業的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)，但(dan)是還存在一(yi)些不法企(qi)業為了眼前的(de)利益(yi)(yi)偷(tou)工減料，致使工程(cheng)項目(mu)質量不合格。根(gen)據目(mu)前的(de)實(shi)際狀況，施(shi)工質量方(fang)面存在的(de)問(wen)題(ti)主(zhu)要有以下幾(ji)種(zhong)。

1.1施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中質(zhi)量(liang)意識不強(qiang)在具體的(de)(de)(de)房屋建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)意識薄弱，不嚴格(ge)根據圖紙(zhi)要求和規(gui)定(ding)，盲目相信自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)經驗，違反操(cao)作規(gui)定(ding)。甚(shen)至(zhi)一些施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)由于受到眼前利(li)益的(de)(de)(de)誘惑，私自(zi)偷工(gong)(gong)減料(liao)，購(gou)買質(zhi)量(liang)不合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑材料(liao)，致(zhi)使房屋建(jian)(jian)筑質(zhi)量(liang)出現問題。這種情況下，房屋建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)安全很(hen)難(nan)得到保障。

1.2建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料存在(zai)問題(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料質量(liang)合(he)(he)格是建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)保證。隨著材(cai)(cai)料科學的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷發(fa)展(zhan)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)種類也越來(lai)越多，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料生(sheng)產廠家也不(bu)(bu)斷擴大規模進行生(sheng)產。然而由于市場(chang)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)規范，一些(xie)商(shang)家為(wei)了追逐高額的(de)(de)(de)利(li)潤而以次(ci)充(chong)好，造(zao)成建(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)市場(chang)上建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料好壞(huai)摻(chan)雜。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位的(de)(de)(de)采購人員若因利(li)益誘惑而購買這(zhe)些(xie)不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)格材(cai)(cai)料，會直接(jie)導致工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)問題(ti)，給(gei)人民群眾生(sheng)命財產安(an)全(quan)帶(dai)來(lai)隱患。所以必須規范建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料市場(chang)秩序，保證建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料質量(liang)合(he)(he)格，從源頭上保證建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)。

1.3施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)系統不(bu)(bu)(bu)完善施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)有效(xiao)管(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有力保(bao)(bao)證。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)主(zhu)要(yao)包括人員管(guan)理(li)(li)、材(cai)(cai)(cai)料管(guan)理(li)(li)、質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)驗收管(guan)理(li)(li)。房屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原因是(shi)由于缺乏(fa)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)系和(he)有效(xiao)地監(jian)督機制。在(zai)人員管(guan)理(li)(li)方面，存在(zai)許多(duo)無證上崗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，致使(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)出現很多(duo)操作(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。對(dui)于建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)到位(wei)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料應根據具體(ti)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存儲規定進(jin)行保(bao)(bao)管(guan)，但在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料胡亂堆(dui)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象十分(fen)嚴重(zhong)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料保(bao)(bao)管(guan)可能(neng)給(gei)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)帶來巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)損失，也會給(gei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)埋下安全隱患。所以施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)注(zhu)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設，使(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)夠有序進(jin)行，從而保(bao)(bao)障建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)，確保(bao)(bao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)使(shi)(shi)用安全。

1.4施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位盲目超趕進度由(you)于(yu)房屋建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具有時間緊，任務重，強度大，易受外界環(huan)境(jing)影響(xiang)的特點，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位的作業時間非常緊張，所以，在一(yi)些(xie)情況下施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位不得不加快施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度，壓縮(suo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)。但是壓縮(suo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)就很難(nan)保證施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的細節(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的質量，一(yi)些(xie)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)細節(jie)被直(zhi)接跳過。這種過度壓縮(suo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)，加快施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度的做(zuo)法(fa)使(shi)房屋建筑(zhu)的質量得不到保障。

2施工(gong)質(zhi)量管理(li)的原則

所有(you)(you)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在具體(ti)的實施(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中都(dou)有(you)(you)自己的原則，房屋建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)也不例(li)外。首先，在進行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理時要建(jian)立相應的管理體(ti)系，對質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)要求做出明確的規定。保證每一項任(ren)務完成都(dou)有(you)(you)具體(ti)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)標準(zhun)描述，確保每一道施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)都(dou)是合格的。其(qi)次，要建(jian)立完善的監督制(zhi)度(du)(du)，防止在對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)進行管理時，出現制(zhi)度(du)(du)上(shang)的漏洞，致(zhi)使施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員不認(ren)真履行職責，導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不合格。在進行建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理時要遵(zun)循(xun)這些原則，使房屋建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理規范化，程(cheng)(cheng)序化，制(zhi)度(du)(du)化。

3房屋(wu)建筑施工質量管(guan)理的一些措(cuo)施

目前，我國建(jian)筑工(gong)程中(zhong)很(hen)大一部分存(cun)在各種各樣的(de)質量問題，不(bu)僅(jin)帶來(lai)資源(yuan)的(de)浪費，還對建(jian)筑的(de)安全使用產(chan)生威脅。如何解決這一問題是擺在所有(you)施工(gong)管理人員面(mian)前的(de)問題，根據目前的(de)施工(gong)現(xian)狀，有(you)以(yi)下方法可以(yi)借(jie)鑒。

3.1做(zuo)好施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)的(de)(de)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好勘探工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，明確(que)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)點的(de)(de)地(di)質條件和地(di)下(xia)城(cheng)市管網的(de)(de)布(bu)置狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)，避免在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時出現突發事件，使施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本增加，引起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期等方面的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前(qian)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好技(ji)術交底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)所(suo)需(xu)用到的(de)(de)技(ji)術方法和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)(yao)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員做(zuo)好溝通，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員直(zhi)接(jie)參(can)與施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動，他(ta)們對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法的(de)(de)掌(zhang)握(wo)與理解會直(zhi)接(jie)影響(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案的(de)(de)執行，是施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量合格的(de)(de)關鍵。所(suo)以(yi)要(yao)(yao)重視(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)的(de)(de)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，針對在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項目中(zhong)容易出現的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好預備(bei)方案，一旦在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項目中(zhong)出現突發狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)，可(ke)以(yi)及(ji)時解決，確(que)保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)順利進行。

3.2做好(hao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)培訓施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)程會(hui)直接影響(xiang)到房屋建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，所以施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)至關重要(yao)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業要(yao)對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)培訓，并進(jin)行(xing)(xing)定期考核(he)，確保培訓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作有效進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。同(tong)(tong)時注(zhu)重施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗交(jiao)流(liu)，召開技(ji)(ji)術(shu)研討會(hui)，對(dui)于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)探討，找到解決問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法。同(tong)(tong)時，也(ye)要(yao)加(jia)強對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)教育，在保證施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時，保證施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)身安(an)全(quan)(quan)，提(ti)高(gao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。建立健全(quan)(quan)懲罰(fa)制度，對(dui)于違反施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)范，造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴厲處罰(fa)，同(tong)(tong)時也(ye)要(yao)對(dui)專業技(ji)(ji)術(shu)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)獎勵(li)，以激勵(li)其(qi)他人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)專業技(ji)(ji)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學習。通過(guo)上(shang)述方法，提(ti)高(gao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，努力(li)創建一(yi)支一(yi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍，提(ti)高(gao)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心競爭力(li)。

3.3做好材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)施工(gong)過(guo)程中要(yao)注重材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，建立統一完善的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)(li)制度，從(cong)采購到保(bao)(bao)存都(dou)要(yao)有明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定，保(bao)(bao)證施工(gong)過(guo)程中使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)都(dou)是(shi)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)。采購時(shi)，不(bu)能只考慮材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)(ge)，要(yao)對材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)和價格(ge)(ge)綜合(he)(he)考慮。與信譽良好的(de)(de)(de)供應商之間建立長期合(he)(he)作(zuo)關系，使(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質量(liang)得到保(bao)(bao)障。為確(que)保(bao)(bao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質量(liang)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)，在建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)入施工(gong)現場(chang)前必(bi)須(xu)進(jin)(jin)行檢(jian)驗，質量(liang)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)才(cai)可以進(jin)(jin)入現場(chang)。同時(shi)還要(yao)注意對建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)管(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)，倉庫保(bao)(bao)管(guan)人員(yuan)要(yao)對材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)行分類管(guan)理(li)(li)，對于(yu)有特殊要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)要(yao)按(an)規(gui)定進(jin)(jin)行管(guan)理(li)(li)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用性(xing)能不(bu)受影響。

3.4做(zuo)好隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)驗收工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)自檢(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，如果(guo)發現隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)存在問(wen)題，要(yao)(yao)(yao)立(li)即停止施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，召開技(ji)(ji)術研討會議，確(que)(que)定(ding)出現問(wen)題的(de)(de)原因，及時進(jin)行(xing)解決。若是(shi)由于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術不到(dao)位(wei)而引起(qi)的(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題，要(yao)(yao)(yao)重新制定(ding)質量(liang)(liang)標準，明確(que)(que)操作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，繼續(xu)進(jin)行(xing)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。在之后的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中增(zeng)加自檢(jian)和互(hu)檢(jian)的(de)(de)次數(shu)，確(que)(que)保(bao)房(fang)屋建筑(zhu)無(wu)質量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題。

3.5做好(hao)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收作(zuo)為施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)結尾，也(ye)是房屋(wu)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理的(de)(de)最后(hou)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)最重(zhong)視(shi)的(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)。進入(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)結尾后(hou)，開(kai)發(fa)(fa)單位(wei)會委托(tuo)相關檢(jian)測單位(wei)與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)展開(kai)全面(mian)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)評審工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，這樣會確保建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量達到開(kai)發(fa)(fa)單位(wei)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。檢(jian)查部門要(yao)對(dui)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質量負責，在驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收時(shi)(shi)嚴格按照之前(qian)制定的(de)(de)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收方(fang)案進行驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收，杜絕出現(xian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收形式主義的(de)(de)現(xian)象。對(dui)于(yu)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收時(shi)(shi)出現(xian)的(de)(de)問(wen)題，要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)進行溝通，保證(zheng)出現(xian)的(de)(de)問(wen)題能(neng)夠及時(shi)(shi)得到解決。

4結束語

篇4

通常(chang)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場均(jun)是(shi)露天展(zhan)開的(de)(de)，高空作業(ye)極多且復雜(za)，并且，一般(ban)來講建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)人員往往流(liu)動性較大，這時現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)就會存在(zai)更多的(de)(de)安全患，且事故發(fa)生率也是(shi)極大的(de)(de)。因此(ci)(ci)科(ke)學有效的(de)(de)提升(sheng)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場管理水平(ping)，可以(yi)促使建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)市(shi)場競爭(zheng)中處于優(you)勢。建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)管理過程(cheng)(cheng)中，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量控(kong)制是(shi)整個(ge)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)構和裝飾(shi)展(zhan)開管理及控(kong)制的(de)(de)重點，施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量以(yi)及相關施(shi)工(gong)管理或者是(shi)監(jian)理人員自身綜(zong)合素(su)質(zhi)非常(chang)那個(ge)關鍵(jian)，因此(ci)(ci)經(jing)(jing)過施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場管理的(de)(de)強化能夠充分的(de)(de)為企(qi)業(ye)節省資金，并提升(sheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟效益(yi)以(yi)及企(qi)業(ye)管理水平(ping)，充分的(de)(de)促進企(qi)業(ye)持續(xu)進步。

1.1可行性研(yan)究環節

工程(cheng)項目施(shi)(shi)工可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)關(guan)乎著(zhu)技(ji)術經濟原理(li)關(guan)于建(jian)設(she)投資各個(ge)方面進行(xing)深層(ceng)分析(xi)(xi)與研(yan)究，并且針對(dui)(dui)各類所擬建(jian)的方案或者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)已經構成投入運營的經濟和社會(hui)效益(yi)等(deng)相關(guan)方面實行(xing)技(ji)術性(xing)經濟分析(xi)(xi)、評估、論證，這樣(yang)才(cai)能確(que)(que)保(bao)建(jian)設(she)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)確(que)(que)定是(shi)(shi)合理(li)有效的，并且針對(dui)(dui)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工項目質(zhi)量目標(biao)和水(shui)平提出最佳建(jian)設(she)方案。這是(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工質(zhi)量保(bao)障的基礎條件，工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工設(she)計(ji)質(zhi)量務必遵循對(dui)(dui)應技(ji)術性(xing)標(biao)準和規(gui)章，合理(li)處(chu)理(li)相關(guan)資費及資源與技(ji)術等(deng)各個(ge)方面的約束，確(que)(que)保(bao)設(she)計(ji)方案是(shi)(shi)滿足各大業(ye)主的要求及需求。

1.2設計環節

設(she)計(ji)環節屬于(yu)建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)關(guan)鍵，這(zhe)關(guan)乎著(zhu)項(xiang)(xiang)目決策及質量目標的(de)有(you)(you)效確定(ding)與具體實施過程(cheng)，建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)的(de)關(guan)鍵依據就(jiu)是設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案(an)，方(fang)案(an)中的(de)可行性及先(xian)進工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與經(jing)濟(ji)合理性等(deng)，這(zhe)決定(ding)著(zhu)建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)完成之后(hou)的(de)應用價(jia)值與功(gong)能(neng)，還有(you)(you)該項(xiang)(xiang)目投(tou)資的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)性、合理性，最關(guan)鍵的(de)是影(ying)響著(zhu)人們生(sheng)命及財產安(an)全。設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案(an)務必遵循對應技(ji)(ji)術(shu)標準，有(you)(you)效協調(diao)各(ge)個方(fang)面所需(xu)要的(de)約束條件，有(you)(you)助于(yu)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案(an)能(neng)夠滿足于(yu)業主所提出的(de)各(ge)類(lei)需(xu)求及要求。

1.3施工環節

建筑(zhu)工程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)關乎著全施(shi)(shi)(shi)工過(guo)程中各(ge)個(ge)細節(jie)(jie)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，可分為前期(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、事(shi)中控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、后期(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，前期(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)也就是準備質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)，包(bao)括準備工作及(ji)質(zhi)量影響的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。事(shi)中控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工中所實施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)各(ge)個(ge)細節(jie)(jie)性因素質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，這其間產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是關鍵。事(shi)后控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工完工時(shi)關于產(chan)(chan)品(pin)各(ge)方(fang)面質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。

1.4驗收環節

關(guan)(guan)于建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收，該環節是(shi)項目(mu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)并(bing)投入試運營時(shi)期(qi)，關(guan)(guan)系著(zhu)最(zui)終檢驗及評定(ding)，有助于考核質量(liang)目(mu)標方面設計(ji)環節質量(liang)。此(ci)環節屬于過渡(du)性環節，關(guan)(guan)乎(hu)著(zhu)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)并(bing)轉為生(sheng)產運營等方面，這也體現了建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)高質量(liang)完成(cheng)。

2建筑工程(cheng)施工質量影響(xiang)因(yin)素

2.1利(li)潤(run)與質量(liang)意識(shi)

隨著建(jian)(jian)筑市(shi)場競爭(zheng)不斷激(ji)烈，往往低價(jia)中標情況普遍存在。關于招投標時(shi)就(jiu)已經拿下的(de)(de)項目，可(ke)以(yi)說這時(shi)的(de)(de)利潤(run)已經被(bei)壓(ya)制到最低，很(hen)多(duo)建(jian)(jian)設企(qi)業在最初(chu)展(zhan)開施工(gong)時(shi)往往是(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)墊付施工(gong)資(zi)金，還有(you)就(jiu)是(shi)施工(gong)進度(du)款(kuan)項被(bei)拖欠的(de)(de)現象也從未間斷，所以(yi)很(hen)多(duo)的(de)(de)施工(gong)企(qi)業總是(shi)想方設法的(de)(de)降低施工(gong)成本(ben)。很(hen)多(duo)時(shi)候施工(gong)企(qi)業領導(dao)者自(zi)(zi)(zi)身質量意識總是(shi)被(bei)利潤(run)所影響，因此經濟因素(su)常常犧牲工(gong)程質量來充分確保自(zi)(zi)(zi)身利潤(run)，或者還會(hui)指使自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)下屬在施工(gong)中偷工(gong)減料，這樣(yang)就(jiu)導(dao)致了建(jian)(jian)筑施工(gong)質量不能得到保障。

2.2管理混亂

很多建(jian)設(she)(she)單位管(guan)理者(zhe)總是(shi)要創造業績，搞(gao)什(shen)么形(xing)象工程(cheng)(cheng)，這就嚴重的(de)違反了基本(ben)建(jian)設(she)(she)程(cheng)(cheng)序以(yi)及工程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)規程(cheng)(cheng)及科學規律(lv)，總是(shi)在盲目(mu)的(de)抄近道或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)趕工期等，從(cong)而忽略(lve)了相關項目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工的(de)建(jian)議書(shu)以(yi)及可行性研究報告等各個方面的(de)嚴格(ge)履(lv)行以(yi)及審核批準(zhun)。以(yi)至于其(qi)施(shi)(shi)工相關標(biao)準(zhun)極度不(bu)明顯，并且其(qi)監督不(bu)到位，項目(mu)的(de)管(guan)理非常(chang)混亂。

2.3沒有保障措施

很(hen)多施工(gong)單位(wei)并未構建質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保障機制，或(huo)者是(shi)(shi)對應質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)體系(xi)不完善(shan)、不健(jian)全以(yi)及質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)任(ren)不能落到實(shi)處，沒(mei)有科學的施工(gong)組織設計方(fang)案。還有就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢驗(yan)人員素質(zhi)(zhi)偏低，時常漏檢或(huo)者是(shi)(shi)誤(wu)檢。監理方(fang)時常不負責(ze)任(ren)，形同虛設或(huo)者總是(shi)(shi)進行隱蔽工(gong)程補記錄。這(zhe)些都直(zhi)接影響了施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)偏低。

2.4質量意識缺失及施工人(ren)員素質偏低

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員自身素質直接關系著工(gong)(gong)程項目質量(liang)目標的實現，也是工(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)高低及(ji)優(you)劣(lie)方面的決定性因素。現今，諸多施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位管理(li)人(ren)員技術(shu)量(liang)以及(ji)質量(liang)意識較為薄(bo)弱，或(huo)者(zhe)是一些技術(shu)人(ren)員對鋼筋及(ji)混凝土工(gong)(gong)程基本知(zhi)識認識不夠深(shen)刻，所以在具(ju)體化施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中往往會出(chu)現各類不規范不達標的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)。并且，有些技術(shu)人(ren)員對于相關施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的驗收及(ji)檢測標準認識不夠，導(dao)致施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中常(chang)常(chang)出(chu)現各類問題。所以，對相關人(ren)員進行教(jiao)育(yu)及(ji)培訓也就(jiu)極為關鍵。

3建(jian)筑工(gong)程施工(gong)過程質(zhi)量管理策略(lve)

3.1施工質量監督(du)及(ji)管理機(ji)制的完善

關于建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)控制(zhi)水平的(de)提(ti)升，應(ying)有效確(que)保(bao)施工(gong)現(xian)場管(guan)理是(shi)規(gui)范科學的(de)，依據此行業發展的(de)各(ge)類需求或者是(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)具體(ti)現(xian)狀編制(zhi)質量管(guan)理機(ji)制(zhi)。項(xiang)目的(de)管(guan)理人員應(ying)該針對各(ge)個施工(gong)班組進(jin)行工(gong)序(xu)(xu)與技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、質量等方面交(jiao)底程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，并嚴格把關材料質量及(ji)檢驗方式、施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)藝等方面，提(ti)出(chu)有效的(de)預防策略(lve)。項(xiang)目施工(gong)人員要(yao)充分了解對應(ying)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)質量的(de)各(ge)類要(yao)求。

3.2建筑材料與設備(bei)的管(guan)理

(1)現(xian)場材料管理(li)。

應該說施(shi)工現場所需(xu)的(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)諸多，這時(shi)就要(yao)依據材料(liao)(liao)之間不同性質(zhi)來展開分(fen)庫(ku)存放(fang)，并且(qie)還應該合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)進行(xing)清理(li)驗收，落實登記工作，并且(qie)其(qi)出(chu)庫(ku)時(shi)務必要(yao)具備(bei)材料(liao)(liao)出(chu)庫(ku)單實行(xing)發放(fang)，在進行(xing)存放(fang)時(shi)應該合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)依據其(qi)性質(zhi)不同來分(fen)類存放(fang)，存放(fang)時(shi)應依據規(gui)定標準進行(xing)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)報裝。還有(you)(you)就是倉庫(ku)的(de)(de)管理(li)人員應該依據出(chu)入庫(ku)狀況(kuang)進行(xing)數量更新，有(you)(you)些沒有(you)(you)的(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)應及(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)上報于項(xiang)目部門，這樣能夠有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)避免影響施(shi)工進程。

(2)強化設備管(guan)理。

為了確(que)保(bao)工程質量就務(wu)必要強化設備(bei)裝置，來充分(fen)保(bao)障(zhang)設備(bei)使用是(shi)安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝配是(shi)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，以(yi)(yi)便于確(que)保(bao)生(sheng)產(chan)效益(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升，進而得到較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益(yi)與(yu)社會效益(yi)。機械設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)務(wu)必要遵循規范化管(guan)理(li)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)尊重(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)學和預(yu)防(fang)為主與(yu)安全(quan)第一。選擇適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工機械務(wu)必要重(zhong)(zhong)視工藝特性以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)各類技術要求，以(yi)(yi)便于保(bao)障(zhang)機械設備(bei)管(guan)理(li)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運用和良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)護(hu)，落實日常維護(hu)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)養(yang)工作(zuo)，以(yi)(yi)便于在根本上預(yu)防(fang)安全(quan)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)。

(3)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)管理。

建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)務必(bi)要(yao)依據現(xian)場(chang)實(shi)際狀況來科學合理的(de)選擇施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術以(yi)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)藝和方案(an)，務必(bi)要(yao)落實(shi)準備工(gong)(gong)作，編(bian)制科學有效的(de)可行性較(jiao)高的(de)施工(gong)(gong)組織設計方案(an)。并且，關于不同特點要(yao)合理強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)施工(gong)(gong)方案(an)選擇與(yu)確定，與(yu)此同時合理的(de)強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術完善以(yi)及(ji)投(tou)入與(yu)運用，務必(bi)要(yao)確保工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)質量以(yi)及(ji)施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度和成本(ben)降低(di)。

(4)編制施工過程質量控制目標。

施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)制(zhi)定(ding)涉及(ji)諸(zhu)多方面，關乎著工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)法律(lv)規章等相關方面，因此應該促(cu)使工(gong)程(cheng)各(ge)方面配(pei)置(zhi)最優化(hua)及(ji)管理水平最高化(hua)，這(zhe)也是整(zheng)個建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)項目(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)及(ji)功能標(biao)準的(de)關鍵。施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)制(zhi)定(ding)是各(ge)個崗位共同展開(kai)的(de)，科(ke)學的(de)將(jiang)整(zheng)體目(mu)(mu)標(biao)進行劃分，并分配(pei)于各(ge)個下屬單位，待這(zhe)些小目(mu)(mu)標(biao)實現后(hou)就能夠確保質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)整(zheng)體目(mu)(mu)標(biao)有效實現。

4結語

篇5

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞(ci)：建(jian)筑工程;質(zhi)(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti)；質(zhi)(zhi)量管理

Abstract: construction engineering quality is good or bad, and national long-term interests, is closely related to the development of the national economy. Good quality engineering, can increase the durability of the fixed assets, reduce the use of fixed assets maintenance, for the people's production and life provide good conditions. This paper focuses on the construction of the common quality problem and the influence factors on the quality of the project are analyzed, and some Suggestions of strengthening construction engineering quality management and some opinions of method for all communication.

Keywords: building engineering; Quality problem; Quality management

中(zhong)圖分類號：F253.3文獻標識(shi)碼：A 文章編號：

前言

隨著經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發展,建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)日益(yi)(yi)增多,在為(wei)人類帶來極(ji)大(da)方便的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時,某些建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)也出現了質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。建筑產(chan)(chan)品不同(tong)于一般產(chan)(chan)品，它(ta)關系到人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命財產(chan)(chan)安全(quan)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命,在建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關系著整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成敗(bai)。只有(you)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)才會樹立良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會信益(yi)(yi),也才會獲得好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效益(yi)(yi),如何更加有(you)效地加強工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理也成為(wei)建設者應該深思的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。我們必(bi)須高(gao)標準、嚴要求(qiu)，切實搞(gao)好(hao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，為(wei)國家、用戶提(ti)供一流的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。

1.建筑工程質量管(guan)理中的常見問(wen)題

在(zai)建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，主要包括兩個(ge)階段：1、基礎和(he)主體施工(gong)階段；2、裝飾部(bu)分及設備安(an)裝階段。下(xia)面就針(zhen)對這兩個(ge)階段，對建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的常見的質量問題進(jin)行分析。

1.1在基礎(chu)和主體施工階段(duan)

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎和主體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段是一個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)最基(ji)(ji)(ji)本和最關鍵的(de)階(jie)段，如(ru)(ru)果一個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)符合圖紙(zhi)或建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規范要求；主體設計不(bu)符合實際使(shi)用要求或不(bu)科學，那(nei)(nei)么整個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)也就毀于(yu)(yu)一旦(dan)，即使(shi)建(jian)(jian)造好(hao)(hao)(hao)了(le)，也毫無(wu)價(jia)值可(ke)言，更不(bu)會(hui)(hui)通(tong)過施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)理(li)(li)行業(ye)的(de)監(jian)督與(yu)管(guan)理(li)(li)，那(nei)(nei)么質量(liang)上讓人堪憂不(bu)已，那(nei)(nei)么人們就不(bu)愿(yuan)或不(bu)會(hui)(hui)去選擇(ze)這樣的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)入住或者建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)或用于(yu)(yu)其(qi)他方面(mian)，最終(zhong)導致(zhi)了(le)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)失敗(bai)。在當前時期下，我國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)不(bu)是那(nei)(nei)么理(li)(li)想(xiang)。如(ru)(ru)在實際過程(cheng)(cheng)中，往往會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)不(bu)夠堅(jian)硬、混(hun)凝土(tu)的(de)混(hun)凝速度過慢、表(biao)層基(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)沒有處理(li)(li)完好(hao)(hao)(hao)、基(ji)(ji)(ji)板與(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)柱在搭配(pei)上的(de)不(bu)夠協調等(deng)等(deng)一系列的(de)問題。如(ru)(ru)果這些(xie)問題沒有很(hen)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)解(jie)決，那(nei)(nei)么就非常有可(ke)能導致(zhi)整個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)失敗(bai)和無(wu)意義，整個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)即使(shi)建(jian)(jian)成了(le)，那(nei)(nei)也根本沒有價(jia)值可(ke)言，在質量(liang)檢測時也自然不(bu)會(hui)(hui)通(tong)過的(de)。

1.2 在裝(zhuang)修及設(she)備安裝(zhuang)階段

如果一(yi)個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不存(cun)在(zai)基礎和(he)主體階段(duan)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)，那么也不是說這一(yi)個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)沒有質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)。在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督(du)管理過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，往往會(hui)疏忽一(yi)個重要(yao)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)或質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理環節，這就(jiu)是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修及(ji)設備的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)階段(duan)。如果設備安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修階段(duan)出(chu)現了問題(ti)，也會(hui)降低(di)整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)整體質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)水(shui)平和(he)使用效率(lv)。在(zai)目前的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管理過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，我國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修及(ji)設備安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)階段(duan)也出(chu)現了一(yi)些問題(ti)，例如衛生間(jian)滲漏水(shui)、外(wai)墻滲水(shui)、地下室漏水(shui)、排(pai)污(wu)、排(pai)水(shui)管延伸(shen)較(jiao)長，造(zao)成排(pai)污(wu)、排(pai)水(shui)困難(nan)或堵塞、內(nei)外(wai)墻體粉刷不夠(gou)徹底而導致抹灰的(de)(de)脫落或墜落；電氣(qi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方面(mian)的(de)(de)問題(ti)，飾品安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方面(mian)存(cun)在(zai)著一(yi)定的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、安全隱患等問題(ti)。

2、 影(ying)響(xiang)工程(cheng)質量管(guan)理的(de)原因分(fen)析

通過上述對建筑工程施工過程中兩(liang)個(ge)階段存在的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)分析(xi)，可以清楚地了解出現這些問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)必然原因。現在針對這些問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，對其產生(sheng)的(de)原因進行(xing)詳細的(de)介(jie)紹(shao)及分析(xi)。

2.1材(cai)料(liao)因素及機械(xie)設備因素

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞是(shi)直接影響工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)因素。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)組成部分,材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)環(huan)節；在工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設中材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)指施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中耗(hao)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構成工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、輔助材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、構配件(jian)、零件(jian)、半成品等(deng)。管(guan)(guan)理(li)好了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實體就(jiu)有了質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保障,建(jian)(jian)設成本也(ye)就(jiu)會相(xiang)應降低；建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設過程(cheng)(cheng)中充(chong)當著比(bi)較重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)色，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)保證工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。那(nei)(nei)些豆腐渣工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)因為材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不合格而造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)不合格或(huo)不滿足使用(yong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，那(nei)(nei)么(me)在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監(jian)理(li)部門監(jian)理(li)時(shi)也(ye)就(jiu)難(nan)以通(tong)過質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢驗和檢測，最終工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)也(ye)就(jiu)不可(ke)能達到標準。當前形勢下，我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問題也(ye)比(bi)較突出，有不少(shao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)未能達到質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。

在機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方面，首先機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)中不可缺少(shao)的(de)必備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)具，現代化的(de)施(shi)工(gong)離(li)不開現代化的(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)狀況直接影響(xiang)著建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程的(de)質量(liang)和進度。同時，設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)合(he)理地使用，及時地維(wei)護(hu)保養是(shi)保證設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)良好運行的(de)關鍵。

2.2 人為因素

我們社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)都具有(you)主觀(guan)能(neng)(neng)動(dong)(dong)性，能(neng)(neng)夠通過自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維(wei)去做一(yi)些事情。在建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方面，人(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施動(dong)(dong)者，也是(shi)(shi)策劃(hua)者。因(yin)此人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)(su)(su)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量問(wen)題中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)(su)(su)。人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)(su)(su)主要包括施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)水平、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)負(fu)責人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)素(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)及職(zhi)業道德。在我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，大部分都是(shi)(shi)農民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，而這些農民(min)由(you)于(yu)先天性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愚昧和無知，缺少一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)(su)(su)養、技能(neng)(neng)，沒有(you)基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑常識，不懂(dong)得建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中一(yi)系列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律、法規(gui)及規(gui)范(fan)準(zhun)則(ze)。因(yin)此，配好(hao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)班子(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)責任人(ren)(ren)和質(zhi)(zhi)量形成過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)指揮,其管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)素(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)高低是(shi)(shi)保證項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)成敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。更重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)缺乏建(jian)筑項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)除(chu)具備良(liang)好(hao)業務(wu)素(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)外，還必須(xu)具備良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)，要有(you)創名(ming)牌工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強烈質(zhi)(zhi)量和社(she)會(hui)責任意(yi)識。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)班子(zi)(包括項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li))由(you)技術(shu)和管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)組成,是(shi)(shi)執行質(zhi)(zhi)量計劃(hua)和全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作者,選配項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)班子(zi)要注重總(zong)體效能(neng)(neng)。選好(hao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)、配好(hao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)班子(zi),是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)成敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。

篇6

關鍵詞：房屋建筑(zhu)；質量控制；監理

1 引言

隨著我國市場經濟發展的(de)(de)不斷深(shen)入，基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)規模迅速增加(jia)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業蓬勃發展的(de)(de)同時，也帶來(lai)(lai)(lai)了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)市場越(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)多地呈現出(chu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)多元化(hua)(hua)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)規模化(hua)(hua)、技術(shu)復雜化(hua)(hua)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材新型(xing)化(hua)(hua)、企業自主化(hua)(hua)等特點，這些因(yin)素使建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)風(feng)險越(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)大，工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)事故不斷出(chu)現。工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)和核心(xin)。當前，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)為人民群眾(zhong)和社會各界所重(zhong)視，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)優(you)劣，不僅(jin)關(guan)系到工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)適用性，而且還關(guan)系到人民群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)財產(chan)安(an)全(quan)。因(yin)此，在工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)監理(li)中，加(jia)強施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)、強化(hua)(hua)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立有效(xiao)控制(zhi)制(zhi)度，就(jiu)顯得尤為重(zhong)要和迫切。本(ben)文針對房屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)監理(li)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)中常見的(de)(de)問題，提(ti)出(chu)下面(mian)幾個方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)解決措(cuo)施(shi)。

2 強化監理的方法

對于建(jian)筑工程(cheng)在(zai)技(ji)術(shu)準(zhun)備(bei)階段就需要開始認真落(luo)實相關的(de)監理工作(zuo)。督促施工單位(wei)做好建(jian)筑工程(cheng)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)準(zhun)備(bei)工作(zuo)通常包括設(she)計、施工與施工技(ji)術(shu)三(san)方面(mian)的(de)交底及其(qi)圖紙的(de)審核(he)。

2.1 設(she)計交底與(yu)圖紙(zhi)會(hui)審

通常是(shi)自己對圖紙再次仔細地審(shen)(shen)核一遍，各個專業來(lai)共同審(shen)(shen)核。對于在審(shen)(shen)核過程中發現的種(zhong)種(zhong)問題可以(yi)立即提出，這樣設計人員就(jiu)可以(yi)及時地修改。主要(yao)可以(yi)從下(xia)列角(jiao)度來(lai)推進：

（1）圖紙說明是否(fou)做到(dao)了完整，表述是否(fou)清晰準確。

（2）建筑物(wu)、內(nei)部(bu)的結構與(yu)設備(bei)以(yi)及(ji)管線之間是否有(you)沖突，設備(bei)層和管井(jing)以(yi)及(ji)樓板的尺寸是否滿足了國家的強制要求與(yu)安裝的要求。

（3）圖(tu)紙上所(suo)標明的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸大小以及(ji)坐標數值是否正(zheng)確，標高與管(guan)線的(de)(de)交叉(cha)位置是否一(yi)致(zhi)。

（4）器(qi)具以及設(she)備安裝的基礎(chu)與(yu)空(kong)間是(shi)否(fou)較為合理。

（5）設備層管線入戶的操作辦法(fa)是否(fou)科學完(wan)善(shan)。

（6）墻與樓板所設(she)計的預留洞和(he)套管的數目是否(fou)足夠未來所需，尺(chi)寸標高位置是否(fou)做到了(le)完全符合要求。

（7）專業的圖(tu)紙(zhi)是否完(wan)全齊備，有無破損或(huo)缺(que)少(shao)。

2.2 施(shi)工技術交底圖紙(zhi)會(hui)審(shen)

施工技(ji)術交底圖紙(zhi)會審是在設計(ji)交底的基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)，依(yi)據(ju)施工驗收(shou)規范、檢驗評定標(biao)準、勞動定額(e)等文件，在投標(biao)文件、施工組織設計(ji)的基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)，根據(ju)科學性(xing)、針(zhen)對性(xing)、可操作(zuo)性(xing)的要求，為編(bian)制作(zuo)業指(zhi)導(dao)書(shu)做技(ji)術準備。具體從以下幾(ji)方面進(jin)行(xing)：

（1）圖紙翻樣(yang)(yang)。在(zai)(zai)設(she)計交底圖紙會審的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，將(jiang)已經變(bian)更(geng)或修改的(de)內(nei)容通過適當的(de)方式在(zai)(zai)圖紙上(shang)標(biao)注；按照作(zuo)業班組施工的(de)圖紙要求，以樣(yang)(yang)板標(biao)準(zhun)進行圖紙翻樣(yang)(yang)繪制(zhi)大(da)樣(yang)(yang)圖，真正(zheng)把(ba)圖紙弄清、吃(chi)透，使(shi)大(da)樣(yang)(yang)圖實實在(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)地成為(wei)現場施工的(de)依(yi)據。

（2）編制材料(liao)明(ming)細表(biao)。在進行圖紙翻樣(yang)的過程中，參(can)照施工圖預算，技術、計(ji)劃人員準確計(ji)算各種(zhong)材料(liao)，分層次編制材料(liao)明(ming)細表(biao)。

2.3 施工(gong)技術交底

施工技術交底是控制前(qian)期質量的(de)重要(yao)保證，如何做到三(san)級交底的(de)科學性、針對性和可操作性，是現(xian)場(chang)質量管(guan)理的(de)關鍵(jian)。這(zhe)里重點(dian)介紹隊(dui)級技術交底的(de)具(ju)體要(yao)求和做法：

（1）施工(gong)(gong)技術交底時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)紙共同審核(he)。這個環節建立(li)在設計(ji)交底的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)之上，依照(zhao)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)范與標(biao)準為(wei)審核(he)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，同時(shi)也要(yao)按(an)照(zhao)投標(biao)文件以及施工(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)為(wei)藍本，以合理性(xing)、準確性(xing)以及實用性(xing)為(wei)衡量標(biao)準，為(wei)了(le)根據資料(liao)而做出(chu)作(zuo)業指(zhi)導書(shu)提前做好儲備。在實際運行需(xu)要(yao)做好下列工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)：①圖(tu)(tu)紙翻樣。通過設計(ji)交底圖(tu)(tu)紙會審，將那些做好了(le)修改(gai)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)關(guan)內(nei)容(rong)在圖(tu)(tu)紙上進行詳細(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)注；依據作(zuo)業班(ban)組施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)圖(tu)(tu)紙上的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)定來(lai)進行繪圖(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，繪制(zhi)成大(da)樣圖(tu)(tu)，并(bing)(bing)利用繪圖(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)機會，將圖(tu)(tu)紙上的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)信息弄清(qing)楚(chu)，想明(ming)白。這樣繪制(zhi)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)樣圖(tu)(tu)才可能真正(zheng)地作(zuo)為(wei)實際施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。②編制(zhi)好工(gong)(gong)程所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)料(liao)明(ming)細(xi)(xi)表。需(xu)要(yao)依照(zhao)施工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)紙為(wei)基礎(chu)，有(you)(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)技術人(ren)員和計(ji)劃人(ren)員來(lai)計(ji)算出(chu)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)料(liao)所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)數量，并(bing)(bing)詳細(xi)(xi)地按(an)照(zhao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)屬性(xing)將其分門別類編制(zhi)在明(ming)細(xi)(xi)表當(dang)中(zhong)。

（2）施工技(ji)術(shu)的交底。這個環節是能否(fou)把握(wo)好是工程前期

質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)一個關(guan)鍵。怎樣(yang)(yang)(yang)才能夠真正做到三(san)級交底(di)(di)的(de)(de)材料的(de)(de)合理、準確(que)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)實(shi)(shi)用性(xing)(xing)，是施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場進(jin)行質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理的(de)(de)重點。下面側重說明隊一級的(de)(de)技術交底(di)(di)要(yao)求與(yu)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)操作(zuo)方法：①合理性(xing)(xing)。以(yi)(yi)排水系統作(zuo)為例子，對于套管(guan)的(de)(de)預先埋設(she)、預留洞這些(xie)需要(yao)詳(xiang)細(xi)地說明清楚，避免發生(sheng)理解(jie)上(shang)的(de)(de)歧義。②整體性(xing)(xing)。技術交底(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)需要(yao)把(ba)握好(hao)交底(di)(di)的(de)(de)對象，要(yao)防止出(chu)現班組(zu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)不按照(zhao)規(gui)定操作(zuo)的(de)(de)現象，一旦發現這樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)事情，班組(zu)需要(yao)立即上(shang)報。③實(shi)(shi)用性(xing)(xing)。要(yao)以(yi)(yi)大(da)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)圖(tu)作(zuo)為基礎，在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)面將需要(yao)特別注意的(de)(de)要(yao)點詳(xiang)細(xi)地寫出(chu)來(lai)，要(yao)將有關(guan)規(gui)范的(de)(de)條文也一并寫在(zai)(zai)(zai)要(yao)點之中(zhong)。同時將施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)審核標(biao)準也詳(xiang)盡(jin)地羅列出(chu)來(lai)，這樣(yang)(yang)(yang)就可以(yi)(yi)作(zuo)為班組(zu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)自己來(lai)進(jin)行質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢查的(de)(de)依據標(biao)準。這樣(yang)(yang)(yang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)伊始就能夠依據質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準來(lai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

3 施工(gong)過程(cheng)中所應遵(zun)循的施工(gong)程(cheng)序

為了保障工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，讓質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理體系能夠發(fa)揮其應有的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，要求施工(gong)單位(wei)按照流水線的(de)(de)(de)模式來(lai)推進施工(gong)，對于預留與預埋(mai)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)作(zuo)出重點的(de)(de)(de)控制。

（1）各個(ge)施工隊通過項(xiang)目部的(de)技(ji)術交底，以圖紙以及各專業規范作(zuo)為基礎來繪制(zhi)預制(zhi)構(gou)件的(de)大(da)樣(yang)圖，也可以提供出符合(he)要求的(de)標準做法。

（2）項目部的審查核(he)準(zhun)要經過審核(he)人(ren)簽(qian)(qian)字以后才可(ke)以進行下一(yi)步的加工(gong)工(gong)作(zuo)，如果審核(he)人(ren)拒絕簽(qian)(qian)字，而是要求返工(gong)，則需要將意見及時反饋(kui)。

（3）可以(yi)(yi)利(li)用自我檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查、相(xiang)互檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查以(yi)(yi)及班組、隊與項目(mu)部的檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查制度(du)來(lai)針對加工件施行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查工作，均要以(yi)(yi)最終的檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查結果作為憑據。

（4）在經過項(xiang)目部的(de)(de)仔細檢查以后(hou)按照要求填寫有(you)關的(de)(de)表格，并報(bao)經監理(li)工程(cheng)師審核驗收，不能(neng)通過的(de)(de)需要查找原因進行相(xiang)應的(de)(de)處理(li)。

4 建筑工程質量控制

要(yao)有能夠將質量的(de)(de)目標落(luo)在實(shi)處的(de)(de)機制，這是建筑質量控制的(de)(de)原則之一。需(xu)要(yao)將總目標做出詳細的(de)(de)分(fen)解(jie)，最(zui)終落(luo)在施(shi)工班組(zu)的(de)(de)身上，這樣的(de)(de)分(fen)解(jie)需(xu)要(yao)考慮到在施(shi)行過程中的(de)(de)可操作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)，要(yao)經常性(xing)(xing)地檢查，對于(yu)反(fan)饋的(de)(de)問題需(xu)要(yao)作(zuo)出跟進處理。

（1）要按照質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制的(de)總體目(mu)標(biao)，以驗收的(de)規范(fan)作(zuo)為最(zui)終的(de)衡量(liang)標(biao)準，在經(jing)過目(mu)標(biao)的(de)逐(zhu)步(bu)分解后，將質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制逐(zhu)級(ji)貫(guan)徹落(luo)實(shi)。

（2）按照優(you)良的(de)標準(zhun)來編制隊一級(ji)的(de)技術交(jiao)底(di)書，在交(jiao)底(di)書中(zhong)需(xu)要依照高標準(zhun)來確定實際的(de)技術與驗收(shou)標準(zhun)，同時(shi)(shi)將驗收(shou)的(de)標準(zhun)分為六個檔次，并通(tong)過無(wu)級(ji)的(de)檢查制度來推進(jin)。所做的(de)檢查記錄需(xu)要有(you)具(ju)體的(de)檢查時(shi)(shi)間。

（3）對施工(gong)期間的質量要(yao)加大(da)來回的巡查工(gong)作，以便將問題(ti)盡早處(chu)理好，將可能發(fa)生的危險消滅在萌芽(ya)狀態；如果出現了(le)通病，需要(yao)仔(zi)細調查，分析其生成的原(yuan)因(yin)后采(cai)取補救手段(duan)。

（4）檢查(cha)結(jie)果需要采(cai)用一(yi)定(ding)的(de)獎(jiang)懲(cheng)辦(ban)法，對于能夠通過檢測的(de)施工班組給予一(yi)定(ding)的(de)獎(jiang)勵(li)，反之則給予一(yi)定(ding)的(de)處(chu)罰。

 （5）建立(li)起最終檢(jian)查人負(fu)責的(de)制(zhi)度，由最終的(de)檢(jian)查人承(cheng)擔起主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)責任。

5 建筑(zhu)工程監理(li)質量控制

通(tong)過觀察與工作實際，認為當前監理(li)應做好以下工作：

（1）要多渠道(dao)地(di)全面提高監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工程(cheng)師的素質，徹底解決監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)才的部(bu)分年齡與(yu)知識老化(hua)、部(bu)分年輕缺乏施工監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)經(jing)驗的問(wen)題，主(zhu)要通(tong)過推行培訓、學習考察、業務交流(liu)等來提高，從而使(shi)得監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工程(cheng)師更(geng)熟悉國際(ji)慣例，使(shi)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)業實現產業化(hua)和(he)國際(ji)化(hua)。

（2）進一(yi)步與國外先進管(guan)(guan)理(li)模式接軌，完善監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作系(xi)統(tong)和(he)體系(xi)，包(bao)括監(jian)理(li)機構、法規(gui)、單位、依據(ju)、模式以及(ji)合(he)同等(deng)，從而達到規(gui)范化(hua)、專業化(hua)、標準化(hua)和(he)程序(xu)化(hua)，使(shi)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作真正按國家規(gui)定的(de)(de)三控（造價控制、進度控制、質量控制）、三管(guan)(guan)（安全管(guan)(guan)理(li)、合(he)同管(guan)(guan)理(li)、信息管(guan)(guan)理(li)）、一(yi)協(xie)調（協(xie)調處理(li)好業主、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)、設(she)計等(deng)單位間的(de)(de)關系(xi)）的(de)(de)模式來完成(cheng)。

（3）規范監(jian)理行(xing)業管理，主要是監(jian)理的費用及資質(zhi)管理。堅決制止(zhi)掛靠、壓(ya)級壓(ya)價、惡(e)性競爭行(xing)為的發生；提高監(jian)理工程師的待遇，使(shi)監(jian)理工作(zuo)正常有序地進行(xing)。

（4）進一步(bu)完善(shan)工程(cheng)竣工備案制，提(ti)高監理、設計(ji)、施(shi)工、地勘等單位在(zai)工程(cheng)中的作用，約束甲(jia)方(fang)過(guo)多干預(yu)工程(cheng)建設，從而杜(du)絕“外行(xing)管(guan)內行(xing)”的情況發(fa)生，使工程(cheng)建設能夠更加地透明化、規范化。

6 結語

總之，質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是建(jian)(jian)設(she)工程的(de)生命，也(ye)是永(yong)恒(heng)的(de)主題(ti)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)項目的(de)整個(ge)過程中，要(yao)以人(ren)為本，以提高全員(yuan)素質(zhi)和質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意識為前提抓工作質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)；要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)操作規程、嚴(yan)格(ge)按規范(fan)管理、嚴(yan)格(ge)檢查檢測手段(duan)，這樣才能有(you)效地控(kong)制建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程項目的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

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