導語：如何才能寫好一(yi)篇(pian)水利工程(cheng)師(shi)職稱(cheng)論文(wen)，這就需要搜集(ji)整理更(geng)多的資料(liao)和文(wen)獻，歡迎閱讀(du)由(you)公務員之家整理的十篇(pian)范文(wen)，供你借鑒。

篇1

防洪工程“百年大計，質(zhi)量第一(yi)”。由(you)于防洪工程產(chan)品(pin)建(jian)設的復雜性和(he)多(duo)功能性，影響(xiang)其質(zhi)量的因素(su)也較(jiao)多(duo)，主(zhu)要(yao)有：人員(yuan)、材料、機械、方(fang)法(fa)和(he)環境(jing)，五大因素(su)控(kong)制(zhi)是保證(zheng)工程質(zhi)量的關鍵。

1.1“人員”包括參(can)與基礎上建(jian)設的(de)組織者、指揮者和操作(zuo)者。每個工作(zuo)人員都直(zhi)接(jie)或間接(jie)的(de)影響著工程(cheng)質量(liang)。提高(gao)工程(cheng)質量(liang)的(de)關(guan)鍵在于提高(gao)人的(de)素質，包括人的(de)政治(zhi)思想水平、身體素質等。高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)人及其(qi)高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)工作(zuo)就能帶來高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)產品。

1.2“材(cai)(cai)料(liao)”材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的管理(li)應從以(yi)下幾個方面控制(zhi)：嚴把材(cai)(cai)料(liao)采購關(guan)；合理(li)使(shi)用，減少損失；建(jian)立檢驗制(zhi)度，嚴把質(zhi)量關(guan)；合理(li)處理(li)剩余材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。

1.3“機(ji)(ji)械(xie)”施(shi)工機(ji)(ji)械(xie)設備(bei)對施(shi)工質量有著(zhu)直接(jie)的(de)影響。所以在(zai)施(shi)工機(ji)(ji)械(xie)設備(bei)選型(xing)時，應注(zhu)意經濟上(shang)的(de)合理性、技術上(shang)的(de)先進(jin)性、操(cao)作和維護上(shang)的(de)方(fang)便性等(deng)。

1.4“方(fang)法”包括施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。一些工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)常因施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)考慮(lv)不周或施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝落(luo)后，而(er)造成施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)推遲，質(zhi)量(liang)達不到要求和追加投資等情況。因此(ci)，在制定施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝時，必(bi)須結(jie)合技術、組織、管理、經濟等方(fang)面進行綜合分(fen)析，以確定施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)在技術上可(ke)行，經濟上合理，有利(li)于(yu)提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)。

1.5“環(huan)境”環(huan)境因(yin)素對(dui)工程質量的影(ying)響，具(ju)有復雜多變的特點。因(yin)此應根據工程特點和(he)具(ju)體條件，對(dui)影(ying)響質量的環(huan)境因(yin)素采取有益的措施嚴加控制(zhi)。尤(you)其是施工現場，應營造文(wen)明(ming)施工和(he)文(wen)明(ming)生(sheng)產的環(huan)境。更為重要的是搞好地(di)方(fang)干群(qun)關系，遵(zun)守地(di)方(fang)風俗。

2提高水利工程施工質量的措施

2.1加(jia)強領(ling)導(dao)，落實責任制

領(ling)導(dao)的(de)(de)重(zhong)視與否(fou)是搞好水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)作的(de)(de)重(zhong)要前提(ti)。水(shui)行政主管(guan)(guan)部門高度重(zhong)視水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作，以對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)和對(dui)歷史負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)心真正把工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)作落(luo)到實(shi)處。全面落(luo)實(shi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)制，明確單(dan)位領(ling)導(dao)、項目負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、工(gong)程(cheng)技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和具(ju)體工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，層(ceng)層(ceng)落(luo)實(shi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)制，并加(jia)強監督和檢查。按照水(shui)利規范(fan)和技術要求，出現質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)(ti)，不管(guan)(guan)當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發生(sheng)什么變化，都要追(zhui)究責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，即工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)終身制。徹底解決工(gong)程(cheng)當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不管(guan)(guan)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)如何，出現問題(ti)(ti)一走了之的(de)(de)弊端，使(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)真正負(fu)起責(ze)(ze)(ze)來(lai)。

2.2嚴格執行(xing)水利建設程序

嚴格(ge)執行(xing)《水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)程(cheng)(cheng)序管理暫(zan)行(xing)規定》和有(you)關文(wen)件，把(ba)好項目(mu)立項、報(bao)建、開工(gong)(gong)、竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)收等重要關口，任何(he)項目(mu)上-階(jie)段工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)未(wei)完成，不得批(pi)準進(jin)行(xing)下(xia)一(yi)階(jie)段的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。嚴格(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計審批(pi)制度(du)，未(wei)獲批(pi)準的(de)(de)項目(mu)不準開工(gong)(gong)，堅決杜絕(jue)“三邊”工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。嚴格(ge)按照單元、分部、單位工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)質量評定，任何(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)未(wei)經驗(yan)(yan)收不得投入使用或(huo)進(jin)行(xing)下(xia)一(yi)階(jie)段施工(gong)(gong)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)(yan)收時必(bi)須有(you)質量監(jian)督(du)機構的(de)(de)評價意見。

2.3大力推行水(shui)利(li)工程(cheng)建設“三(san)制”

實踐證(zheng)明(ming)，水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)推行項目法人責(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)、招標(biao)(biao)承(cheng)包制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)建(jian)設(she)監理制(zhi)(zhi)（即“三制(zhi)(zhi)”），是保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量的根本措施。只有項目法人切實負(fu)起了工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的全部責(ze)任(ren)，才能按照市場經(jing)濟(ji)規律組織工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)，從工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的各個方(fang)面保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量。在進行招標(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)時，要(yao)(yao)嚴把資(zi)質(zhi)審查關；不僅要(yao)(yao)看(kan)投標(biao)(biao)單(dan)位的資(zi)質(zhi)，更(geng)要(yao)(yao)著(zhu)重其(qi)實際業績(ji)。特別(bie)要(yao)(yao)重視工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目的資(zi)源配置是否(fou)到位。杜絕層層轉包，主體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不得分包，分包商必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)滿足相應(ying)資(zi)質(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。要(yao)(yao)加大對監理單(dan)位監管(guan)力度，切實改(gai)變少(shao)數項目監理不到位的現(xian)象。

2.4制定監理細則，明確(que)監理目標

根(gen)據工(gong)程(cheng)要求規(gui)(gui)定(ding)監(jian)理目標(biao)、進度(du)計(ji)劃(hua)、人(ren)員和(he)料物計(ji)劃(hua)，以及為實現這些目標(biao)所(suo)進行控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)依據、方法、制(zhi)度(du)及保證體(ti)系(xi)等。制(zhi)定(ding)監(jian)理細(xi)則(ze)，對掌握各(ge)部位、各(ge)工(gong)序、各(ge)階段工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準、質(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)查、質(zhi)量(liang)評定(ding)和(he)驗收程(cheng)序等都(dou)作(zuo)(zuo)詳(xiang)細(xi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，使施工(gong)企業和(he)工(gong)地所(suo)有(you)人(ren)員都(dou)知道在質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中做(zuo)什(shen)么、怎么做(zuo)、以及怎樣(yang)去評價做(zuo)的(de)效果，也便于相互工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)協(xie)調和(he)各(ge)工(gong)序的(de)銜接。同時建立質(zhi)量(liang)保證體(ti)系(xi)，包括質(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)機構(gou)、質(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)制(zhi)度(du)、質(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)人(ren)員的(de)素(su)質(zhi)，并明確(que)各(ge)級質(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)人(ren)員的(de)權(quan)限和(he)責(ze)任等。2.5強化(hua)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)措施

質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實行(xing)事先、事中、事后“三控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。事先控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)前對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)企業提交的技(ji)術方(fang)案、技(ji)術措施、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保證體系以及管理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度等作嚴密審核，特別是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)各(ge)企業投入(ru)工(gong)(gong)程的技(ji)術人員的數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和素質(zhi)提出具(ju)體要求。對(dui)(dui)用于工(gong)(gong)程的原材(cai)料、半成品(pin)、成品(pin)、設(she)備(bei)和運到工(gong)(gong)地的機(ji)械等進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，凡未經項目(mu)監理部同意，不(bu)得進(jin)入(ru)工(gong)(gong)地。這樣就避免(mian)了因(yin)準(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作不(bu)充分、施工(gong)(gong)措施不(bu)落實、人力物力不(bu)到位或(huo)因(yin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全措施不(bu)完善而倉促開(kai)工(gong)(gong)所產(chan)生的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問題。事先控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的主要部分，它能(neng)將工(gong)(gong)程事故的苗頭消火在(zai)萌芽狀態，保證工(gong)(gong)程的高標準(zhun)施工(gong)(gong)。

事中控制就是工序控制。工序控制實行“二級三檢報驗制”，它是保證工程質量的有效手段。第一級是為保證監理目標的實現，指令施工企業建立班組初檢、施工隊復檢、施工企業終檢的質檢機構與質檢制度；第二級是施工企業在其內部檢查合格的基礎上，填報“報驗申請單”，報工程指揮部復驗，經復驗合格后由監理工程師負責終驗(yan)，保證做到上(shang)一工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)合格(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得進入下一工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，對(dui)單元工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師在(zai)評定表(biao)上(shang)簽驗(yan)收意見和評定質(zhi)(zhi)量等級，以確(que)保每(mei)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)都(dou)達到設計和規范要求。另外，質(zhi)(zhi)檢人員全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)旁(pang)站監(jian)督(du)，監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師隨時巡視工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)，主要部位(wei)、隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、關鍵施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)等實(shi)行監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師旁(pang)站監(jian)督(du)。對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量問題，推行“三不(bu)(bu)(bu)放(fang)過(guo)”的原則，即事故(gu)原因不(bu)(bu)(bu)明不(bu)(bu)(bu)放(fang)過(guo)、處理(li)措施(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)落實(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)放(fang)過(guo)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)接受經驗(yan)教訓不(bu)(bu)(bu)放(fang)過(guo)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)及(ji)負責人要徹底查明原因，提出(chu)積極(ji)措施(shi)及(ji)妥善處理(li)意見，并向項目監(jian)理(li)部提出(chu)書(shu)面(mian)報告備案。

事后(hou)控制是對已(yi)完成的(de)(de)單元工(gong)程、分(fen)部工(gong)程和(he)單位(wei)工(gong)程的(de)(de)質(zhi)量，繼續(xu)進行(xing)(xing)觀察、檢(jian)測，收集運用(yong)過程中的(de)(de)情況，同時對資料進行(xing)(xing)收集整理歸(gui)檔，及時組織有(you)關人員檢(jian)查驗收。

2.6嚴格(ge)技術(shu)管理

篇2

關鍵詞：水利(li)工程施工成本(ben)控制(zhi)

近(jin)年來，水利工(gong)(gong)程行(xing)業(ye)競爭日益(yi)(yi)激(ji)烈，但(dan)是由于市場(chang)機制(zhi)不夠(gou)完善等因素，致使企(qi)業(ye)經濟效益(yi)(yi)下滑，嚴重危及施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)生存和發(fa)(fa)展。為了促(cu)進企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)經濟發(fa)(fa)展，施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)必(bi)須加強成本(ben)控制(zhi)措(cuo)施。施工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目成本(ben)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)是施工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目質量(liang)的(de)(de)綜合反映，是增加工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)利潤(run)的(de)(de)最(zui)主要途徑。企(qi)業(ye)要發(fa)(fa)展，就必(bi)須在工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)中獲得(de)效益(yi)(yi)，要取(qu)得(de)好的(de)(de)效益(yi)(yi)，就必(bi)須降低(di)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)成本(ben)[1]。

1水利工(gong)程施工(gong)成本的組成及(ji)控制

工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目施(shi)工(gong)(gong)成本指(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)為完成工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)全部施(shi)工(gong)(gong)任務(wu)，所耗(hao)(hao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)各項生產(chan)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)和。它包括直接費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、管理(li)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、臨建費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、業(ye)務(wu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)項。其(qi)中(zhong)直接費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)指(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)所需的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（如(ru)(ru)水泥、鋼材(cai)、木材(cai)、砂石料、白灰、磚、瀝青等(deng)(deng)(deng)）、人工(gong)(gong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、機械臺班費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。管理(li)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)指(zhi)該工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)所消耗(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用，如(ru)(ru)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資、辦(ban)公(gong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、招投標費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用等(deng)(deng)(deng)；臨建費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)指(zhi)重要的(de)(de)(de)機械設備以及工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)所需要的(de)(de)(de)臨時房屋建筑(zhu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用，或者租賃民房的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用等(deng)(deng)(deng)；另外還包括業(ye)務(wu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，它是指(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)所發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用，即(ji)現場(chang)招待費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，當地突(tu)發(fa)事故(gu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)維護費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)[2]。

顯然(ran)，工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)施工成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)所包(bao)括的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)繁(fan)多，只有科(ke)學(xue)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)水利工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究，才能達到減(jian)少(shao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、保證質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)施工成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制是(shi)企業成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)與核心，施工項目(mu)(mu)(mu)部在對(dui)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)施工過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中進(jin)行(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制時，一是(shi)按預算成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)；二是(shi)按可(ke)能支出確(que)定(ding)計劃成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，再結(jie)合制度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制、定(ding)額(e)或指(zhi)標(biao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制、合同(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制等指(zhi)標(biao)進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制。還應遵循成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)最(zui)低化控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制原則(ze)(ze)、全面(mian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制原則(ze)(ze)、動態控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制原則(ze)(ze)和目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)管理(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)原則(ze)(ze)，主(zhu)要做法包(bao)括直接及(ji)間接成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制，其中直接成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)費(fei)占總(zong)投資的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)70%左右，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制好了(le)直接費(fei)就(jiu)確(que)保了(le)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效益[2]。它包(bao)括主(zhu)要材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)料(liao)及(ji)材料(liao)管理(li)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)；工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織與安排費(fei)用(yong)(yong)以及(ji)機械化作(zuo)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)。

同時間(jian)接成本控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)非(fei)常重(zhong)要(yao)。間(jian)接成本控(kong)制(zhi)主要(yao)包括管理(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)優(you)組合(he)方(fang)案及辦公費(fei)(fei)用(yong)的(de)(de)合(he)理(li)化支出控(kong)制(zhi)，進(jin)出場費(fei)(fei)用(yong)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)主要(yao)是選擇好(hao)最(zui)(zui)優(you)的(de)(de)進(jin)出場路線。在臨(lin)(lin)建(jian)費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)面，既要(yao)在保證(zheng)耐用(yong)的(de)(de)條件下選擇最(zui)(zui)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)臨(lin)(lin)建(jian)材料，同時又(you)要(yao)設計(ji)好(hao)臨(lin)(lin)建(jian)的(de)(de)規(gui)劃，讓臨(lin)(lin)建(jian)的(de)(de)空間(jian)得到最(zui)(zui)有(you)效的(de)(de)利用(yong)。

2水(shui)利工程(cheng)施工成本控(kong)制的(de)主要(yao)問題

水利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)控制(zhi)(zhi)是很多施(shi)工(gong)企業已經意識的重要問題，而(er)且實施(shi)低(di)(di)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)控制(zhi)(zhi)戰略的口(kou)號(hao)喊了許多年，但目標成本(ben)(ben)(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)定了不知多少(shao)個(ge)，可工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)始終(zhong)沒有(you)降下(xia)來，究其(qi)原(yuan)因(yin)，不外乎是光喊低(di)(di)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)戰略，而(er)缺乏(fa)低(di)(di)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)戰術。總制(zhi)(zhi)定成本(ben)(ben)(ben)管(guan)理目標，而(er)缺乏(fa)可操作(zuo)性，使目標始終(zhong)無法實現，概括(kuo)起來，包(bao)括(kuo)以下(xia)幾個(ge)方面：

（1）成本管(guan)理意識的誤區

工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)本管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是全員(yuan)參與、滲透在項目(mu)全過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，其目(mu)標成(cheng)本控制要通過施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織和(he)(he)實施(shi)來實現。其主體是施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織和(he)(he)直接生產(chan)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，而不(bu)是財(cai)務(wu)會計(ji)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)。施(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)財(cai)務(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作的(de)混(hun)雜，其結(jie)果是技術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)只負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)技術和(he)(he)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)織人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)只負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)施(shi)工(gong)生產(chan)和(he)(he)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度(du)，材料管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)只負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)材料的(de)采購和(he)(he)點驗、發放工(gong)作。這樣表面上看起來分工(gong)明確、職責(ze)(ze)(ze)清晰和(he)(he)各司其職，實質無人(ren)(ren)承擔成(cheng)本管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任。實際上，財(cai)務(wu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)是成(cheng)本管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)組(zu)織者，而不(bu)是成(cheng)本管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)主體[2]。不(bu)走出這個認識(shi)上的(de)誤區，就(jiu)不(bu)可能搞(gao)好工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)本管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。

（2）工程成本控制依據(ju)的不(bu)完備

產(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)合理控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)要依據一定的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準來(lai)進行。通(tong)常(chang)由于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)結構、規模和施工(gong)(gong)環(huan)境各不相同，各工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)之(zhi)間缺(que)乏(fa)可比性。因而，如(ru)何針(zhen)對單(dan)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)制(zhi)(zhi)定出可操作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)依據十分關鍵[3]。很多施工(gong)(gong)企業對于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定過(guo)于簡單(dan)化(hua)和表面化(hua)，甚至有些施工(gong)(gong)企業只(zhi)是簡單(dan)地按照經驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)降低率確(que)定一個目(mu)(mu)標(biao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，而忽略了該工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)現場環(huan)境以(yi)及施工(gong)(gong)條件和工(gong)(gong)期的(de)(de)(de)要求。在(zai)項目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)管理措施方面，只(zhi)有簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)規章制(zhi)(zhi)度，這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)由于沒有和實際施工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序結合起(qi)來(lai)，可操作(zuo)(zuo)性差，起(qi)不到(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，更無法分析(xi)出成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)差異產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)原因，使得(de)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)永遠停留在(zai)口號(hao)上。

3水利工程施工成(cheng)本的控制對策

根據施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)承包合(he)同(tong)的(de)類型和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業的(de)管(guan)理(li)水平，采取合(he)適(shi)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本控制(zhi)措施(shi)，制(zhi)定可(ke)行的(de)控制(zhi)標準(zhun)，對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)進(jin)行記錄，它(ta)涉(she)及到人工(gong)(gong)(gong)、材料(liao)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械的(de)消耗量、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、現場(chang)管(guan)理(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作面情況、場(chang)地布置和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備等項目(mu)；也包括資源的(de)數量、類別(bie)、人工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械進(jin)退工(gong)(gong)(gong)作面的(de)時(shi)間、休息或閑置時(shi)間，以(yi)及設(she)備的(de)保養(yang)、維(wei)護時(shi)間等內容。水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本的(de)控制(zhi)應滲(shen)透在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)各(ge)個階段，具(ju)體措施(shi)有：

3.1工(gong)程施工(gong)前期的成本控制

施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業中(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)以后，首要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作是(shi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期準備(bei)，其中(zhong)(zhong)關鍵(jian)性(xing)問(wen)題是(shi)簽(qian)訂(ding)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)承包合(he)同，而合(he)同的(de)(de)多數條(tiao)款(kuan)都(dou)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)關系，所以合(he)同條(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)(de)明確是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目造(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)因(yin)素和(he)環節由施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)、技(ji)術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)所組成的(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)參加(jia)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)豐富的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)驗和(he)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)經(jing)驗，在熟悉(xi)合(he)同條(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)(de)同時，深入現場(chang)，仔細調查、勘(kan)驗。高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、設備(bei)及人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)管理(li)。水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)及設備(bei)、人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資的(de)(de)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)往往超過整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)75%,其余為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)間接費用[3]。因(yin)此，選購(gou)(gou)質量優良、價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)低廉的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)一分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。采購(gou)(gou)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應對材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質量、價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)多家比較，反(fan)復核算，才能(neng)采購(gou)(gou)到建設單位滿意，滿足工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，達(da)到降低成本目的(de)(de)的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。在材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)使用上，嚴格(ge)計(ji)量制(zhi)度(du)，利(li)學合(he)理(li)下(xia)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，才能(neng)起到控制(zhi)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)作用。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所需材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)機械設備(bei)進入施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)后要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)妥善安(an)排堆放(fang)和(he)保(bao)管，減少二(er)次倒運。在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)組織上，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)選用精良的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)，頂算造(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包干，實行超支不(bu)補、結余自用的(de)(de)原則，嚴格(ge)控制(zhi)計(ji)劃(hua)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，注重(zhong)技(ji)術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)培養。

3.2工程(cheng)施工中的(de)成本控(kong)制

施工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計是施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)指導性文件，利(li)學(xue)正確地編制(zhi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計，對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)成本控制(zhi)尤為關鍵。重視(shi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，按照工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)排(pai)(pai)列施工(gong)(gong)(gong)先后順序(xu)。廣泛推行(xing)流水作業(ye)，立體交義作業(ye)。充(chong)分利(li)用現有機械(xie)設備(bei)，內部合(he)(he)理調(diao)配，力(li)求提(ti)高主要(yao)機械(xie)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)用率、從而達到降(jiang)低成本的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)編制(zhi)出(chu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術上先進合(he)(he)理、人員安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)上精良的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案，并均衡合(he)(he)理安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)整個施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)各個分項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)進度(du)，安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)中(zhong)要(yao)考慮原材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)需用量(liang)和庫存量(liang)，杜絕(jue)材(cai)料積壓、閑置、浪費。

3.3工(gong)程施工(gong)后期的成(cheng)本控制

及時(shi)(shi)收集(ji)各(ge)種(zhong)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資料，做好竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)決算(suan)單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中應(ying)及時(shi)(shi)收集(ji)和(he)保(bao)管(guan)好各(ge)種(zhong)決算(suan)所需資料，除了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技術資料、安(an)全(quan)文明施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資料外(wai)，各(ge)種(zhong)設(she)計變更聯系(xi)單、設(she)計單位(wei)及監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師認可(ke)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)措施(shi)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)，各(ge)種(zhong)人力不(bu)可(ke)抗拒(ju)自然災(zai)害及其(qi)他一些有關(guan)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)決算(suan)憑據等(deng)，要及時(shi)(shi)收集(ji)整理(li)。在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資料收集(ji)齊(qi)全(quan)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，切合(he)實際地進行水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結算(suan)，不(bu)缺項(xiang)、不(bu)漏項(xiang)，正確套用水(shui)利(li)頂算(suan)定額和(he)不(bu)同類別的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)費用定額。同時(shi)(shi)加(jia)速工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資金(jin)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收決算(suan)通(tong)過后(hou)，應(ying)按合(he)同條款(kuan)(kuan)規定，及時(shi)(shi)收回工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)(kuan)，不(bu)能任(ren)由建設(she)單位(wei)無故拖欠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)(kuan)，以至(zhi)影(ying)響企業的(de)(de)資金(jin)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)，影(ying)響施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業的(de)(de)經濟效益[4]。

加強成(cheng)本(ben)管理(li)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業應把(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成(cheng)本(ben)納入(ru)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)目標管理(li)，把(ba)降低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)重(zhong)點放在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)過程(cheng)的(de)管理(li)上，既(ji)要(yao)重(zhong)視(shi)產值(zhi)，更要(yao)保(bao)證施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全及質量(liang)。要(yao)做施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)各(ge)個階(jie)段的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)控制，只有控制好(hao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)，才能(neng)真(zhen)正做好(hao)成(cheng)本(ben)控制。

參考文獻：

[1]康永鴻(hong).淺談水利工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)項(xiang)目成本管理[J].施(shi)工(gong)管理,2001.9

[2]彭宇炯.淺析控制水利工(gong)程施工(gong)成本的對策[J].水利施工(gong),2006.3

篇3

當前，城(cheng)市(shi)水(shui)資源污(wu)染(ran)(ran)處(chu)理(li)(li)問題已經受到我國大部分城(cheng)市(shi)的嚴重關注。各地先后建成了污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)廠家(jia)應(ying)對水(shui)資源污(wu)染(ran)(ran)問題。但與人們期望(wang)相反，多(duo)數污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)廠并未充分發揮其處(chu)理(li)(li)城(cheng)市(shi)水(shui)資源污(wu)染(ran)(ran)處(chu)理(li)(li)方面(mian)的應(ying)有(you)作用，污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)的效(xiao)率與質量(liang)并不高。主(zhu)要有(you)以(yi)下幾個方面(mian)原因。

1.1基礎設施(shi)有待(dai)完善

許(xu)多城市(shi)污(wu)水(shui)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)網配(pei)套(tao)率不高，具體有(you)以下兩種情(qing)況(kuang)：（1）只重視排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)網主干(gan)道與(yu)污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)工(gong)廠的(de)建(jian)造(zao)規模(mo)，忽視結戶支管(guan)(guan)與(yu)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)(ji)支管(guan)(guan)的(de)建(jian)造(zao)，導致原(yuan)有(you)污(wu)水(shui)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)網無(wu)法有(you)效利用(yong)，不能(neng)充分(fen)發揮(hui)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)(ji)污(wu)水(shui)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。（2）一(yi)些較老(lao)城區(qu)的(de)排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)道有(you)很(hen)多都(dou)是雨水(shui)與(yu)污(wu)水(shui)共(gong)用(yong)管(guan)(guan)道，在雨水(shui)管(guan)(guan)道中(zhong)還(huan)包(bao)含著大部(bu)分(fen)的(de)城市(shi)生活污(wu)水(shui)，致使污(wu)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)網結戶支管(guan)(guan)改造(zao)后還(huan)不能(neng)與(yu)污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)網相(xiang)互配(pei)套(tao)，城市(shi)生活污(wu)水(shui)無(wu)法順利接(jie)入主干(gan)道。

1.2前期工作有待加強

編制(zhi)可行性(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)究報告(gao)是建設水資源污染處理相關項目(mu)(mu)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)前(qian)置(zhi)要(yao)(yao)件之一。可行性(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)究報告(gao)涵蓋(gai)了項目(mu)(mu)投資額(e)度的(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)，實(shi)施(shi)步驟的(de)(de)可操作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)及建成后(hou)的(de)(de)營運效率等重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內容。其(qi)成果直接昭示著項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)未來發(fa)展和最終結果。但是，當前(qian)許(xu)多地區依然存在重(zhong)視形象(xiang)，重(zhong)視政績(ji)，忽(hu)視實(shi)際的(de)(de)問題。很多項目(mu)(mu)前(qian)期可行性(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)究做得不(bu)充足，缺(que)乏(fa)考量實(shi)際狀(zhuang)況(kuang)就盲目(mu)(mu)開工。甚至某些項目(mu)(mu)為了能(neng)夠(gou)盡快通(tong)過審查上馬開工，使用虛假(jia)數據(ju)編制(zhi)可行性(xing)(xing)報告(gao)，導致可行性(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)究失去本來的(de)(de)意義。許(xu)多規模龐大(da)，投資巨大(da)的(de)(de)污水處理項目(mu)(mu)自建成之日(ri)起就面臨污染水資源缺(que)乏(fa)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。

1.3管網后期維護工作沒有跟上(shang)

排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)既承擔著排放(fang)污水(shui)(shui)職責，也是(shi)收集(ji)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)污水(shui)(shui)的(de)重要設施(shi)。使用過程中(zhong)，管(guan)道發(fa)生破(po)損，需(xu)及時(shi)修(xiu)復(fu)以保障管(guan)網(wang)(wang)的(de)正(zheng)常使用。在實際工作中(zhong)，管(guan)網(wang)(wang)維護工作做得(de)很不(bu)夠。遠離市(shi)(shi)(shi)區或偏僻地(di)方的(de)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)，常常面臨損壞(huai)而無人(ren)修(xiu)理(li)的(de)局(ju)面，而市(shi)(shi)(shi)政設施(shi)建設導致管(guan)網(wang)(wang)破(po)損，有時(shi)也得(de)不(bu)到及時(shi)修(xiu)理(li)。

1.4污水處理(li)結果不(bu)能滿(man)足(zu)規范標(biao)準

部分污水處理設施由于(yu)地處郊區，沒有收到應有重(zhong)視，其(qi)排放(fang)水體的管道(dao)被其(qi)他設施占用，加上配套(tao)的污水網管缺乏，導(dao)致這些設施處理后所排放(fang)出來的污水質量遠(yuan)(yuan)遠(yuan)(yuan)達不到相關標準的要求。

2做好(hao)城(cheng)市環境工(gong)程污水(shui)治理(li)工(gong)作的建議

2.1科學規劃城市污水處(chu)理項目

按(an)照城市(shi)建設總體(ti)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)，合理(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)設施的(de)布局(ju)，按(an)照近期(qi)與(yu)(yu)遠(yuan)期(qi)相(xiang)結合、現狀與(yu)(yu)發展(zhan)相(xiang)結合、區(qu)域(yu)環(huan)(huan)境與(yu)(yu)水(shui)質(zhi)要求相(xiang)結合、處(chu)理(li)水(shui)源(yuan)體(ti)與(yu)(yu)周邊環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)相(xiang)結合的(de)方針，分布實(shi)施污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)項(xiang)目。污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)廠的(de)選(xuan)址不(bu)能(neng)輕易改變。污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)設施尤其(qi)是(shi)污(wu)水(shui)輸送主(zhu)干(gan)管及收集(ji)系統和(he)接(jie)(jie)戶(hu)管要與(yu)(yu)城市(shi)基(ji)礎設施相(xiang)配(pei)套。污(wu)水(shui)輸送主(zhu)干(gan)管與(yu)(yu)道路等基(ji)礎設施不(bu)能(neng)一次形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)，按(an)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)分期(qi)分階段實(shi)施。近期(qi)不(bu)能(neng)確定收集(ji)支管和(he)接(jie)(jie)戶(hu)管的(de)，要在(zai)主(zhu)輸送干(gan)管適當(dang)位(wei)置按(an)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)預留接(jie)(jie)口，待區(qu)域(yu)位(wei)置明確后，再行接(jie)(jie)入。建設污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)廠，要科(ke)學規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)、合理(li)布局(ju)，要實(shi)事求是(shi)，根(gen)據當(dang)地具體(ti)條件(jian)進行深入論證(zheng)后再予以實(shi)施，否則只能(neng)是(shi)勞民傷財，對(dui)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)和(he)社(she)會(hui)發展(zhan)留下不(bu)和(he)諧(xie)的(de)音符(fu)。

2.2加強污水管網配(pei)套建設

提高城(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理水(shui)(shui)平，不(bu)能(neng)單純(chun)加大污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理設(she)施規模，更重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)是要(yao)充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)已有(you)設(she)施的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，提高污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理效率。首(shou)先，要(yao)充(chong)分掌(zhang)握已有(you)在使用中的(de)(de)設(she)施情況(kuang)，及時解決存在問(wen)題，保(bao)障現有(you)設(she)施的(de)(de)正常使用。其次，要(yao)梳(shu)理污(wu)水(shui)(shui)來源途徑，對新建(jian)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)輸(shu)送(song)主干(gan)管(guan)(guan)但缺乏(fa)收集(ji)支管(guan)(guan)和接戶(hu)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)，分片建(jian)設(she)配套管(guan)(guan)網，防止個別區域污(wu)水(shui)(shui)不(bu)能(neng)進入主干(gan)管(guan)(guan)現象的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生。對仍使用污(wu)水(shui)(shui)雨水(shui)(shui)混合管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)老舊城(cheng)區，有(you)計劃地實(shi)施分流制改造，把生產、生活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)引至污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理廠(chang)，從而(er)實(shi)現城(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理廠(chang)對城(cheng)市(shi)各方(fang)(fang)面污(wu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)全方(fang)(fang)位接納。

2.3做好管網后期維護

管(guan)網(wang)維護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)好(hao)壞直(zhi)接影(ying)響到(dao)(dao)(dao)污(wu)(wu)水處理(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)率。如(ru)果管(guan)網(wang)發生(sheng)截斷或(huo)破損而得不到(dao)(dao)(dao)應有(you)(you)的(de)(de)維護(hu)(hu)，就會(hui)妨(fang)礙污(wu)(wu)水得到(dao)(dao)(dao)及時收集(ji)與(yu)處理(li)(li)(li)，污(wu)(wu)水處理(li)(li)(li)廠也不能發揮應有(you)(you)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。因此(ci)，為充(chong)分發揮污(wu)(wu)水處理(li)(li)(li)廠的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，更好(hao)地保證當地居民的(de)(de)生(sheng)活環境質量，特別是在城郊結合處等偏僻地區，必須做好(hao)管(guan)網(wang)的(de)(de)后(hou)期(qi)維護(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)。對(dui)于(yu)因市政工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)而受到(dao)(dao)(dao)破壞的(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)水管(guan)網(wang)要做好(hao)應急(ji)處理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，不能讓(rang)污(wu)(wu)水管(guan)道長期(qi)處于(yu)無人治理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)狀態。

2.4采用新(xin)的污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理工(gong)藝及(ji)提(ti)高污(wu)水(shui)再生效率

污(wu)水(shui)處理工藝直接關(guan)系著城市污(wu)水(shui)處理效率。污(wu)水(shui)處理工藝越先(xian)進，污(wu)水(shui)的處理效率越高(gao)(gao)。目(mu)前我(wo)國城市污(wu)水(shui)處理一(yi)般采用活性泥污(wu)染(ran)法。該法具有較強的降低(di)有機負荷的能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，優點是能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗少，運(yun)行成本(ben)低(di)。但是我(wo)們仍然(ran)需(xu)要發展(zhan)一(yi)些高(gao)(gao)效低(di)耗、環境友(you)好(hao)型的處理工藝。城市污(wu)水(shui)再生(sheng)效率的提高(gao)(gao)不(bu)僅可以(yi)節約(yue)淡水(shui)資源，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)進一(yi)步促進污(wu)水(shui)處理技術的發展(zhan)。

3協調處理環境保(bao)護與(yu)城(cheng)市發展的關系

要統(tong)和(he)地理位(wei)置、風俗文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)風格等(deng)各方面因(yin)素，科(ke)學制(zhi)定城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，合(he)理布(bu)局發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)產(chan)業(ye)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是整(zheng)個(ge)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎前提。它(ta)不僅包括自(zi)然與地理環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、人(ren)文(wen)(wen)風俗、氣象水文(wen)(wen)等(deng)，還包括城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水平等(deng)內容。實施環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)勘測需(xu)要綜(zong)合(he)評價大氣、水文(wen)(wen)、噪音等(deng)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)數(shu)據以及(ji)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)歷來的(de)(de)(de)(de)污染物來源情況等(deng)，這(zhe)些(xie)都(dou)是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎組成。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，體(ti)(ti)現著整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)與局部協調統(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)辯證關(guan)系，是科(ke)學發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要體(ti)(ti)現。正(zheng)確把握(wo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方向，需(xu)要從整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)上考(kao)慮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設與發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，堅持區域化(hua)(hua)(hua)、節點化(hua)(hua)(hua)，積極學習借鑒周圍城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成功(gong)經(jing)(jing)驗，保(bao)障城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)科(ke)學性和(he)可行(xing)性。良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是人(ren)類(lei)生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本保(bao)證。在社會(hui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)大工(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)高速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)今天，環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)問題已經(jing)(jing)成為制(zhi)約國民經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)與社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要因(yin)素。無論城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)污水處(chu)理，還是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，亦或(huo)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護問題，其根本都(dou)是自(zi)然和(he)人(ren)類(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系問題。和(he)諧共存，協調發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是當今世界(jie)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主流思想。環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護，節約資源，需(xu)要我們所有人(ren)長期不懈的(de)(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力。

4結束語

篇4

工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)經由對(dui)投入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源和條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(事前(qian)(qian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi))進(jin)(jin)而(er)對(dui)生產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及各(ge)環節(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)行控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(事中控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi))，直(zhi)到對(dui)所完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)(chan)出品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢驗與控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(事后(hou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi))為(wei)止的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)就是(shi)對(dui)水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及結果進(jin)(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。影(ying)(ying)響水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素概括起(qi)來可以(yi)歸(gui)結為(wei)以(yi)下五個(ge)(ge)(ge)方面:他們分別是(shi)人(Man)、材(cai)料(Material)、機械(Machine)、方法(Method)以(yi)及環境(Environment)，我們簡稱4M1E。水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)水平受每一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)(ying)響，在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)里面，前(qian)(qian)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)于最(zui)終(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成具有(you)(you)決定性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，因(yin)此從工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)設(she)計、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中承(cheng)包人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)物料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)折(zhe)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理至(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)，每一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)環節(jie)都需進(jin)(jin)行嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理和結合實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。因(yin)此，只有(you)(you)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，做一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監督各(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，確保了工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，贏得(de)了廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場前(qian)(qian)景的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)企(qi)業。

2水利工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量管理體系存(cun)在的問題(ti)

水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是往往施(shi)工(gong)(gong)規(gui)模(mo)巨大(da)(da)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)復雜，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量大(da)(da)，其(qi)涉及(ji)到的專業(ye)覆蓋面(mian)又廣(guang)，因(yin)此(ci)，在水利施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，質量管(guan)理控制工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)難(nan)以(yi)順(shun)利進行。水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序一般(ban)分為(wei):工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立項(xiang)階(jie)段(項(xiang)目建議(yi)書、可行性研究報(bao)告(gao))、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準(zhun)備階(jie)段(完成工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計報(bao)告(gao)、招標設計以(yi)及(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階(jie)段以(yi)及(ji)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)階(jie)段。在水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設中，如下幾個環節往往容(rong)易發(fa)生(sheng)問題:

2．1工程設計階段中設計水(shui)平(ping)低

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)與否對整體水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)建設以(yi)及投(tou)入(ru)運行(xing)后(hou)(hou)生成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)社會經濟(ji)效益和環境效益起著(zhu)根本性(xing)作(zuo)用，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低會影響到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)整體質(zhi)(zhi)量。盡(jin)管近年來國家水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)監管部門對水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量管理進行(xing)了更加(jia)規范的(de)(de)(de)監管，水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量管理水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)相(xiang)對提(ti)高(gao)，但很多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)初期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)論證報(bao)告不嚴謹，導(dao)致(zhi)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設不合理。盡(jin)管國家制定了有關法律、法規，但仍有許(xu)多水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)企業沒有他們采取行(xing)動，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)初期(qi)實(shi)地勘察(cha)不充分(fen)、調查工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)涵蓋面(mian)不廣，在制定設計(ji)(ji)報(bao)告時考慮(lv)設計(ji)(ji)因(yin)素不周、圖紙精細(xi)度(du)不夠(gou)，這(zhe)些都(dou)將(jiang)影響項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量。因(yin)此，由于設計(ji)(ji)報(bao)告的(de)(de)(de)不完善直接影響應用和推廣先進水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，導(dao)致(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量低于預計(ji)(ji)標準(zhun)，同時也將(jiang)增加(jia)后(hou)(hou)評估工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)難(nan)度(du)。

2．2工(gong)程施工(gong)階段中施工(gong)人員的質量和技術達不到相應標準，監理部門亦存在不足

專業(ye)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞對(dui)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)起著決定性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。專業(ye)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)由工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)組成。水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)受專業(ye)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)影響很大(da)(da)，其中(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)負(fu)(fu)責工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)、組織(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督管理(li)(li)(li)(li)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)負(fu)(fu)責統(tong)籌把握(wo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度，而工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)則要(yao)秉(bing)承認真負(fu)(fu)責的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度和掌握(wo)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)平。目(mu)(mu)(mu)前，我(wo)國水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設中(zhong)(zhong)所涉(she)及到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環節和專業(ye)都比(bi)較多，但(dan)我(wo)國現(xian)今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際水(shui)(shui)平，卻無法滿(man)足水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標準。目(mu)(mu)(mu)前來看，我(wo)國很多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)缺乏高水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)，現(xian)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)質(zhi)普遍不(bu)高，這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)往往選派薪資較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)務工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)從事項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作有(you)些甚(shen)至(zhi)從事組織(zhi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，這(zhe)部(bu)分施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)質(zhi)較低(di)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)了解(jie)，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)平低(di)，做出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)恐怕存在問(wen)題。同時(shi)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)定項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)科學化決策少(shao)，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)變更隨意性(xing)大(da)(da)也(ye)影響著水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

2．3工程施工階段中水利(li)工程施工中原材料質(zhi)量差(cha)、施工設備質(zhi)量不合格(ge)

原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是水(shui)利工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)基礎，如(ru)果用(yong)于(yu)施工(gong)建設(she)的(de)砂石、水(shui)泥、鋼筋以及混(hun)凝土等原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不符合標準(zhun)或者(zhe)是未經過(guo)嚴格的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢(jian)驗就(jiu)用(yong)于(yu)施工(gong)，將造成(cheng)水(shui)利工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)出現不可估(gu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)問題。在(zai)(zai)我國，許(xu)(xu)多水(shui)利工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施工(gong)地點在(zai)(zai)偏遠的(de)山區或是貧(pin)窮的(de)農(nong)村，許(xu)(xu)多施工(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)承包商為了節約(yue)經費(fei)，選用(yong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)低下的(de)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)和(he)施工(gong)設(she)備(bei)，這(zhe)就(jiu)對工(gong)程的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)造成(cheng)直接的(de)影響(xiang)，促(cu)使水(shui)利工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)低下。

3加強水利(li)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)質量控制(zhi)的有效措施

3．1對工程(cheng)勘(kan)察設計實行嚴格審批，完(wan)善工程(cheng)施工招投標的質量(liang)控制

項目法人(ren)將(jiang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)任務委(wei)托給設(she)計(ji)(ji)承包商后，設(she)計(ji)(ji)承包商根據建設(she)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容、規(gui)模、建設(she)場地(di)特(te)征等設(she)計(ji)(ji)條(tiao)件(jian)提(ti)出需要(yao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)前或同(tong)時進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)有關科研(yan)、勘察(cha)要(yao)求。對(dui)勘察(cha)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇要(yao)嚴格遵(zun)循資(zi)質審(shen)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，選取(qu)有資(zi)質有業績有技術裝備、試驗基(ji)地(di)、技術力(li)(li)量和財(cai)務能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)。勘察(cha)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)提(ti)交(jiao)勘察(cha)報告組織(zhi)審(shen)查并向(xiang)上級單(dan)(dan)位(wei)進(jin)行備案(an)(an)后正式將(jiang)成果轉交(jiao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)院(yuan)，作為設(she)計(ji)(ji)依據。到了設(she)計(ji)(ji)階段，同(tong)樣(yang)要(yao)選取(qu)優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)，無論是(shi)初(chu)步設(she)計(ji)(ji)階段還是(shi)施(shi)工圖(tu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)階段，都應嚴格進(jin)行質量控制，提(ti)出手(shou)續齊全的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行性分(fen)析材料和設(she)計(ji)(ji)方案(an)(an)，向(xiang)有關部門備案(an)(an)，嚴格審(shen)批，使(shi)責任落實到個人(ren)。

3．2完善現場(chang)施工(gong)質量的控制管理，加(jia)大監理人員工(gong)作(zuo)力度

水利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)是(shi)使設計(ji)報告最終實(shi)現和(he)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)段，項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)體的(de)(de)最終形式是(shi)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)和(he)建(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)階(jie)(jie)段的(de)(de)價值。因此可以認為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)階(jie)(jie)段的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制不但是(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)監理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)核(he)心內容，也是(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)目(mu)標能否實(shi)現的(de)(de)關鍵階(jie)(jie)段。因此，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)開始前，應(ying)嚴格(ge)按照設計(ji)方案(an)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場作業人(ren)(ren)員和(he)管理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員詳細的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)交底(di)工(gong)作，使每(mei)個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)員充分了解水利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中需(xu)求(qiu)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)材料的(de)(de)機械原理(li)(li)(li)。項(xiang)目(mu)使用(yong)(yong)新技(ji)術(shu)和(he)新材料，應(ying)當由(you)雄厚的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)力量(liang)隊伍建(jian)設試驗、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)符合要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)推廣使用(yong)(yong)。整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)必須嚴格(ge)按照國家標準(zhun)和(he)設計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)，為了確保施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制會順利執(zhi)行。

3．3加強原材料(liao)和施工設備的質量控制管理(li)

建(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)直接影響水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)，所以必(bi)須嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)規范和設(she)計要求對(dui)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)各種原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)進行質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)，做出(chu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)記錄(lu)。水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)相關單(dan)位應(ying)當根據施工(gong)要求，采購建(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)、測試(shi)儀器、設(she)備，應(ying)經(jing)過相應(ying)的(de)(de)部門校準后，開展建(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)。國家質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)部門明確要求需要送(song)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，應(ying)該嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)要求，按(an)批抽樣(yang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)。為(wei)了提高(gao)原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)效果，在條件允許(xu)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，應(ying)進行二(er)次抽樣(yang)建(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)。為(wei)確保(bao)用于施工(gong)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)可靠，不符合(he)標準的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)必(bi)須被丟棄(qi)，這樣(yang)才能保(bao)障(zhang)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)設(she)施的(de)(de)結構穩定性，并經(jing)得起時間的(de)(de)考驗(yan)(yan)。

4結束語

篇5

水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)沒(mei)有(you)(you)形成一(yi)(yi)個更為完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)體(ti)系(xi)，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)是其起(qi)步較晚，另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)是相應(ying)的(de)(de)體(ti)系(xi)制度(du)沒(mei)有(you)(you)建立及明確。應(ying)該對現階段(duan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作進行(xing)量化，對一(yi)(yi)些技(ji)術的(de)(de)具體(ti)操作進行(xing)規范，這樣會使整(zheng)(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)作得(de)(de)到(dao)細致(zhi)的(de)(de)劃分。盡(jin)快地得(de)(de)到(dao)整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)的(de)(de)適應(ying)，能夠促進相應(ying)的(de)(de)體(ti)系(xi)更好得(de)(de)到(dao)完善。

2水利工(gong)程(cheng)質量的控制措(cuo)施

提高現(xian)階段的(de)(de)水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量刻不容緩，采取3個(ge)方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)措施(shi)。一是(shi)水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)體(ti)系需要(yao)進(jin)行整體(ti)完(wan)善(shan)。二是(shi)加強相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)整體(ti)素質培訓。三是(shi)對現(xian)階段的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)行改(gai)良。相(xiang)對而言，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)性是(shi)整個(ge)水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中非(fei)常(chang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)一個(ge)方面(mian)(mian)。

2.1水利工程施工體系(xi)需要整(zheng)體完善

盡快建(jian)立其較為完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)(ti)系。對(dui)于當(dang)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要點等方面(mian)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強調(diao)，并以紙質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式進(jin)(jin)行(xing)條(tiao)款性的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)，這樣能(neng)(neng)夠更(geng)好地對(dui)整個問題細致(zhi)化。一旦有(you)(you)人(ren)觸(chu)犯了(le)其中的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)款，就能(neng)(neng)夠比較直(zhi)接地指出，需(xu)要受到怎樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)懲罰(fa)。完(wan)善施(shi)工(gong)(gong)體(ti)(ti)系，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)在具體(ti)(ti)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中就會有(you)(you)所(suo)側重，很(hen)多工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)就會相對(dui)畏(wei)懼。對(dui)于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)需(xu)要改良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題是需(xu)要有(you)(you)一定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序進(jin)(jin)行(xing)上報的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不能(neng)(neng)自做主張(zhang)對(dui)其進(jin)(jin)行(xing)改革。需(xu)要有(you)(you)相關部門批準，有(you)(you)了(le)這些限(xian)制，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)有(you)(you)了(le)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)約(yue)束，能(neng)(neng)更(geng)好地保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量。

2.2加強相關工作人員的整(zheng)體素(su)質培(pei)訓(xun)

提(ti)高工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)體素(su)質，加強相關(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)體素(su)質培(pei)(pei)訓是非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)。對工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)體素(su)質進(jin)行(xing)提(ti)高，定(ding)期培(pei)(pei)訓，實行(xing)淘汰制，最大限度地保證工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)積極性。對于招(zhao)新，適當提(ti)高門檻，這對于整(zheng)(zheng)個的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)素(su)質進(jin)行(xing)前期的(de)(de)把控(kong)是非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)，整(zheng)(zheng)個后期工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)開展就會非常順利。工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)體培(pei)(pei)訓要(yao)相對嚴格。

2.3對現(xian)階(jie)段的施工進(jin)行改良

進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)對(dui)當前水(shui)利工程技術進(jin)行創新(xin)(xin)，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)改良(liang)，最大(da)限度地實現(xian)自動化。很顯然，我們現(xian)在做(zuo)的(de)也就是通過實踐，發現(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)問題，對(dui)于這些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)問題進(jin)行整合(he)，最大(da)限度地想辦法解(jie)(jie)決。通過一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)新(xin)(xin)興材(cai)料以及一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)專業人士的(de)發明創新(xin)(xin)。通過提高相關工作人員的(de)素質，解(jie)(jie)決現(xian)階(jie)段的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)具(ju)體施工問題。

3結語

篇6

1.1總體布置具有(you)復(fu)雜性(xing)事物(wu)間(jian)存在錯綜復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)聯系，存在一定程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)相互影響，由(you)于水利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)地的(de)(de)(de)特殊性(xing)，必須考慮到地形地勢對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)影響，如在高山峽谷中建(jian)(jian)設(she)水利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，必須提(ti)前設(she)計(ji)布置方案(an)，全(quan)面(mian)考慮水利樞紐組成部分、總體布局、建(jian)(jian)設(she)地自然環(huan)境(jing)條件、交(jiao)通(tong)運輸和環(huan)境(jing)生態效益等因素，全(quan)面(mian)系統、科學合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)進行施工(gong)方法、程(cheng)(cheng)序、進度(du)的(de)(de)(de)布置安排(pai)。

1.2總(zong)體布(bu)置存在不確(que)定性通常情況下根據(ju)水(shui)利工程的(de)基本數據(ju)資(zi)料選擇布(bu)置方(fang)案，按照工程設(she)計步驟、設(she)計規程和布(bu)置優(you)化方(fang)法，選擇可(ke)行性強，最優(you)的(de)布(bu)置方(fang)案。但是工程設(she)計勘測深度(du)、自然生態環境、經濟發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)、政治制度(du)和政府(fu)發(fa)展(zhan)規劃等(deng)不確(que)定因素均(jun)會對施工的(de)總(zong)體布(bu)置造(zao)(zao)成影(ying)響，造(zao)(zao)成總(zong)體布(bu)置具有很大的(de)不確(que)定性。

1.3總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)布置動態性水利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)布置不是一(yi)成不變，如總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)布置方(fang)案(an)需要(yao)根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程所要(yao)呈現的(de)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)特(te)點、確切(qie)方(fang)法和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)要(yao)求進(jin)(jin)行調(diao)整，并且施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)要(yao)與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)進(jin)(jin)度同步協(xie)調(diao)。此外，在進(jin)(jin)行總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)布置時還(huan)需要(yao)對各(ge)個輔(fu)助(zhu)企業(ye)之間的(de)關系(xi)、輔(fu)助(zhu)企業(ye)和建筑物二者(zhe)之間的(de)關系(xi)進(jin)(jin)行進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步的(de)分析(xi)，達到工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)條件(jian)，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)順利(li)(li)完成。

1.4總(zong)體布(bu)置(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求經濟合理由于(yu)水利工(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)資金投入量(liang)很(hen)高，而其中一大部(bu)分資金主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用于(yu)施工(gong)，如臨時性(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)搭建(jian)(jian)(jian)，以及相關輔(fu)助企(qi)業(ye)的(de)費用，所以總(zong)體布(bu)置(zhi)需要(yao)(yao)根據工(gong)程的(de)造(zao)價(jia)總(zong)額和當地經濟條件進(jin)行設(she)計，綜合考量(liang)，確保經濟合理。盡量(liang)降低施工(gong)臨時建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)以及相關輔(fu)助企(qi)業(ye)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)費用，統(tong)一實現經濟和社(she)會效(xiao)益。

1.5總體布置(zhi)相對滯后即使總體布置(zhi)的方案合理(li)，但由(you)于多種(zhong)原因(yin)，一段時間后都會(hui)暴露出一定(ding)的問題(ti)，但這些(xie)問題(ti)不是(shi)立刻顯現的，而是(shi)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)中凸顯出來，因(yin)此，施(shi)工(gong)的管理(li)者需要堅守崗位隨(sui)時進行協調、控制和(he)指揮(hui)。

2水利工(gong)程施工(gong)中總體布置(zhi)原則(ze)及規劃

2.1布(bu)(bu)置原則為了使水利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)場地更加科(ke)學(xue)合(he)理(li)(li)有效的(de)得到利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)，因(yin)此在進(jin)(jin)行(xing)總體(ti)布(bu)(bu)置時需要遵循一定的(de)原則。第一，因(yin)地制宜(yi)。根(gen)據水利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程建設(she)的(de)目的(de)，結合(he)當(dang)地地理(li)(li)環(huan)境條件，促進(jin)(jin)資源(yuan)開發以(yi)及經濟與社(she)會(hui)的(de)發展(zhan)，改善(shan)生(sheng)活水平(ping)質量(liang)，對(dui)當(dang)地自然資源(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)保護。第二，科(ke)學(xue)合(he)理(li)(li)。盡(jin)量(liang)減(jian)少臨時性建筑的(de)費用(yong)，合(he)理(li)(li)安排，建設(she)臨時性水利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程時要把水利(li)(li)(li)(li)、電網樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程以(yi)及某(mou)些永久性設(she)施規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)在內。第三，符(fu)(fu)合(he)國家(jia)政(zheng)策(ce)。水利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)總體(ti)布(bu)(bu)置要符(fu)(fu)合(he)國家(jia)及地方相應的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)，如少占地，盡(jin)量(liang)不用(yong)耕地等。第四(si)，結合(he)施工(gong)(gong)地整(zheng)體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)有效布(bu)(bu)置。第五，根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)程場地布(bu)(bu)置的(de)三個主要組成(cheng)，先后做好(hao)鋪墊(dian)，提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)程的(de)銜接(jie)度。

2.2總體(ti)布(bu)置的(de)(de)規劃首先，確定最主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)原則(ze)。如(ru)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選擇(ze)，確定單一整體(ti)或幾個施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)組合(he)，然后進行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)區域的(de)(de)具體(ti)劃分和(he)布(bu)置并實施(shi)(shi)。其(qi)次，結(jie)合(he)場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)自身特點，如(ru)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質、交通(tong)條件等選定施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，一般原則(ze)為由(you)近及遠，先上(shang)游而后下游，洪水(shui)位頻(pin)率一般在(zai)5%左右的(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，同時(shi)，應把施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)選在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢較高(gao)、平坦開(kai)闊(kuo)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶，避(bi)開(kai)樞紐兩岸(an)險要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢和(he)坡陡谷深。再次，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一般不(bu)選擇(ze)在(zai)上(shang)游存在(zai)水(shui)庫(ku)的(de)(de)區域，若果(guo)必須(xu)選擇(ze)該類區域，應將在(zai)庫(ku)區壩區就近處進行臨時(shi)性施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設。庫(ku)區范圍內建(jian)設的(de)(de)，最高(gao)處必須(xu)高(gao)于施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)期間的(de)(de)最高(gao)設計水(shui)位。此外，還應避(bi)開(kai)主(zhu)河(he)道兩岸(an)的(de)(de)溝(gou)股洪水(shui)沖(chong)頂(ding)的(de)(de)范圍、沖(chong)淤(yu)范圍以及不(bu)良(liang)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)段。

3案例分析

3.1三(san)灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)體布置(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)案比選(xuan)三(san)灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)，主(zhu)要是丹(dan)東市供水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)，兼顧(gu)發電(dian)(dian)，并為(wei)城(cheng)市供水(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)提供保障的大(da)型(xing)綜(zong)合利(li)用水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)。根據電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)壩段的綜(zong)合因(yin)素，對左岸(an)和(he)右(you)(you)岸(an)兩(liang)種樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)總(zong)體布置(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)案進行(xing)了(le)比較分析(xi)，雖然從技術上(shang)看兩(liang)種方(fang)案都(dou)是可行(xing)的，但都(dou)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定的優缺點。其中左岸(an)布置(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)造價較低、開挖量(liang)(liang)較小、并且工(gong)程(cheng)永久占地面積較少。但是電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)廠房與泵站(zhan)(zhan)需要分別設置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)泄洪閘的兩(liang)側，影(ying)響了(le)管理。右(you)(you)岸(an)布置(zhi)(zhi)使電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)廠房與泵站(zhan)(zhan)集中在(zai)右(you)(you)岸(an)壩下的平臺上(shang)，便于(yu)管理，但工(gong)程(cheng)投資(zi)稍(shao)高、開挖量(liang)(liang)大(da)、離主(zhu)河(he)槽遠。最終工(gong)程(cheng)選(xuan)擇(ze)了(le)左岸(an)布置(zhi)(zhi)的方(fang)案，其主(zhu)要原因(yin)在(zai)于(yu)該方(fang)案投資(zi)量(liang)(liang)相比右(you)(you)岸(an)布置(zhi)(zhi)少837萬元，綜(zong)合考慮(lv)其他(ta)因(yin)素該方(fang)案將為(wei)工(gong)程(cheng)建設提供施工(gong)基礎和(he)技術保障。

3.2錦凌水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)程總體(ti)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)方案(an)比(bi)選錦凌水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫主要(yao)以(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)、城(cheng)市供水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)主，并進行(xing)(xing)地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)環境改善的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)型大型水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)程，也是(shi)小凌河干流上唯一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)性工(gong)程，該工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)隊對(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)程等別、標(biao)準以(yi)(yi)及水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫樞紐工(gong)程總體(ti)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)進行(xing)(xing)分析，對(dui)(dui)泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)建筑(zhu)物布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)在左岸或右岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)優(you)點進行(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)比(bi)，最終確(que)定了(le)(le)(le)(le)錦凌水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)程壩(ba)線、壩(ba)型。確(que)定左岸布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)因素有單(dan)個連(lian)接段，混凝土壩(ba)與土壩(ba)連(lian)接相對(dui)(dui)簡單(dan)、對(dui)(dui)右岸堤(di)防(fang)(fang)等建筑(zhu)物影響很小、基礎處理相對(dui)(dui)簡單(dan)和(he)開挖量(liang)小，相對(dui)(dui)節約了(le)(le)(le)(le)成本。上述案(an)例集(ji)中體(ti)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)總體(ti)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析對(dui)(dui)比(bi)方式(shi)，嚴(yan)格根(gen)據總體(ti)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則因地制(zhi)宜，做(zuo)到了(le)(le)(le)(le)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)，實現了(le)(le)(le)(le)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效性，降低了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)程投(tou)入量(liang)，保證了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)。

4總體布置(zhi)中的其他(ta)問題

總體(ti)(ti)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中還應(ying)考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)一些其(qi)他方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。如混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)與(yu)鄰(lin)接關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)作(zuo)為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)總體(ti)(ti)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)，應(ying)結合它對(dui)臨時建筑物(wu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由于水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)繁多，各種設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點功(gong)能存在較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異，為了避免設(she)備(bei)(bei)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能沖(chong)突(tu)給工(gong)(gong)程帶來(lai)難(nan)以(yi)(yi)估(gu)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失，清除隱患，因此需要對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)施(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄰(lin)接關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析，突(tu)出鄰(lin)接關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，減少其(qi)干(gan)擾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性(xing)。通常情(qing)況下是對(dui)設(she)備(bei)(bei)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用和制(zhi)(zhi)約關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)展開分(fen)(fen)析，同(tong)時明確相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度。主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄰(lin)接關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)包括施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)度、強度、設(she)備(bei)(bei)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)物(wu)流運(yun)輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析；設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)場(chang)地(di)(di)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析。首(shou)先，設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模(mo)一般根據基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量、占地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)、地(di)(di)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承載能力并分(fen)(fen)析施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)場(chang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)質情(qing)況、邊坡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定情(qing)況等。其(qi)次(ci)，根據施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)場(chang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)文地(di)(di)質特點和導截流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件，充分(fen)(fen)考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)在不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段水(shui)位變化(hua)對(dui)設(she)備(bei)(bei)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響和限制(zhi)(zhi)。再次(ci)，考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)分(fen)(fen)析施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離限制(zhi)(zhi)，主要根據設(she)備(bei)(bei)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)過程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)半(ban)徑，最小(xiao)(xiao)運(yun)輸時間，最小(xiao)(xiao)進(jin)出口范(fan)圍，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離安全(quan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

5結束語

篇7

1．1施工企業存在的質管問題

有(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)施工(gong)(gong)單位在(zai)進行質(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)工(gong)(gong)作時，始終存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)風險較大的(de)環(huan)節。有(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設實(shi)行承包(bao)制度(du)(du)，內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)項目部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門僅(jin)給予企(qi)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)管(guan)理類費用。此種轉包(bao)掛(gua)靠的(de)方式(shi)致使施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)自身的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)力度(du)(du)遭到(dao)了嚴重(zhong)削弱，施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)無(wu)法得(de)到(dao)全面保(bao)障。還有(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)企(qi)業(ye)自身就不(bu)(bu)具備工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)資格(ge)，待投標成功(gong)后便(bian)采用掛(gua)靠施工(gong)(gong)的(de)方式(shi)，也(ye)同樣無(wu)法對(dui)整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)實(shi)行有(you)(you)效管(guan)理。雖然現今市(shi)政給排水施工(gong)(gong)正(zheng)在(zai)迅速發展著(zhu)，其內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)結構也(ye)在(zai)逐漸發生著(zhu)調整變化，許多分(fen)(fen)包(bao)型企(qi)業(ye)已完成了到(dao)總包(bao)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)華麗轉變。但是這些新興的(de)總包(bao)單位在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設質(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)中存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)一些不(bu)(bu)可忽略的(de)薄弱環(huan)節，各類問題值得(de)人們著(zhu)重(zhong)關注(zhu)。

1．2工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監理工(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)率(lv)低

在工(gong)程(cheng)質管活動中，監理(li)(li)(li)的(de)重要性(xing)不可忽視。但是在現今的(de)市政給排水工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)中，有部分企業借用(yong)(yong)各(ge)種名義拒絕(jue)監理(li)(li)(li)管理(li)(li)(li)，且(qie)這種情(qing)況(kuang)不在少數。這種情(qing)況(kuang)的(de)突出化，致使(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)質管效率受(shou)到極(ji)為(wei)不利的(de)影響，工(gong)程(cheng)質量無法得到保障，其后期(qi)的(de)投(tou)入(ru)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)是在無法令人放心。

2市政給(gei)排水(shui)工程質管(guan)對策

2．1增強質管意(yi)識

第一，需進一步(bu)加強工程(cheng)施(shi)工企業工作(zuo)人員的(de)(de)職責心與使命感，幫助其(qi)(qi)充(chong)分了解到(dao)給排水工程(cheng)屬于(yu)城市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)系(xi)統中一個(ge)極(ji)為(wei)重要的(de)(de)部分，是不(bu)(bu)可或缺的(de)(de)。此工程(cheng)一旦質(zhi)量無(wu)法(fa)得(de)到(dao)有效保障，對整個(ge)社會及群眾均會帶來極(ji)為(wei)不(bu)(bu)利的(de)(de)影響及損失。第二，施(shi)工企業需對工程(cheng)質(zhi)管(guan)相關(guan)經驗充(chong)分學(xue)習并(bing)靈(ling)活(huo)運(yun)用，不(bu)(bu)斷完善工程(cheng)質(zhi)管(guan)工作(zuo)，提(ti)升整個(ge)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)建設(she)質(zhi)量水平(ping)。第三，科學(xue)靈(ling)活(huo)的(de)(de)運(yun)用反面教材，給工程(cheng)施(shi)工企業敲響質(zhi)管(guan)警鐘，督促其(qi)(qi)加強質(zhi)管(guan)意(yi)識，從(cong)而全面確保給排水工程(cheng)整體質(zhi)量。

2．2加強給排水施(shi)工管理

2．2.1施工準備

第(di)一(yi)，施(shi)工現(xian)場挖槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)墊層、支(zhi)護。在(zai)(zai)(zai)工程開挖之(zhi)前，需(xu)對(dui)其(qi)地(di)下管道(dao)、電纜等進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)面(mian)排(pai)查(cha)，將(jiang)需(xu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調整(zheng)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)結果及(ji)具體(ti)時間、方(fang)法告知所在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)域業主。與相關(guan)職(zhi)能部門進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)確(que)認，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)些開挖區域實(shi)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)面(mian)保護，遷移一(yi)些建筑(zhu)物，從(cong)而有效確(que)保開挖工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)順利(li)性。第(di)二，混(hun)(hun)凝土基礎在(zai)(zai)(zai)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)后所呈現(xian)出的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀為水(shui)平(ping)(ping)式，因此需(xu)先行(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)安(an)管施(shi)工，之(zhi)后再進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)處理(li)。運(yun)用(yong)相關(guan)設備對(dui)混(hun)(hun)凝土進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)振搗處理(li)，運(yun)用(yong)平(ping)(ping)板式振動(dong)器(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)振平(ping)(ping)施(shi)工操作(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)基礎操作(zuo)后的(de)(de)(de)2h內不(bu)可沾水(shui)，且需(xu)對(dui)其(qi)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)面(mian)養護。第(di)三(san)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)挖槽(cao)施(shi)工時，需(xu)做好相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)管道(dao)類設施(shi)準備。溝底土暴露于(yu)(yu)外界時間不(bu)宜過長，從(cong)而避(bi)免造成大量損失(shi)。

2．2.2現場管(guan)理

第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)，由相關負(fu)責企(qi)(qi)業對(dui)(dui)各施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位在(zai)相鄰施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)區(qu)存在(zai)的(de)管線碰(peng)頭狀(zhuang)況(kuang)進(jin)行協調處理(li)，明確具體的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)時間、地點、工(gong)(gong)作人員及(ji)質檢活動等。第(di)(di)二，總(zong)負(fu)責企(qi)(qi)業對(dui)(dui)各個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)程進(jin)行統一(yi)(yi)化(hua)的(de)協調處理(li)，確保(bao)各施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方能夠在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)個時間段完成(cheng)相應的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)任(ren)務(wu)。在(zai)必要情況(kuang)下，還(huan)需對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)任(ren)務(wu)進(jin)行合理(li)調整(zheng)，從(cong)而確保(bao)整(zheng)個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度能夠處在(zai)標(biao)準(zhun)范圍內。第(di)(di)三，總(zong)負(fu)責方對(dui)(dui)各分施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方的(de)用電(dian)、用水、防洪等措施(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行統一(yi)(yi)化(hua)確定，確保(bao)整(zheng)個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建設道路的(de)暢通無阻。

2．2.3質量管(guan)理

總負責方(fang)應與施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)、建設方(fang)一同(tong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)理。第一，對整個給排(pai)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)全(quan)面實(shi)行(xing)(xing)“停(ting)、檢(jian)、檢(jian)”制度(du)。每(mei)當施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)至質(zhi)控(kong)點(dian)后便先(xian)暫停(ting)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)質(zhi)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)對其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)質(zhi)檢(jian)，待確認(ren)合格后在將情況報告給承包企業(ye)的(de)質(zhi)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)，與其(qi)一同(tong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)現場(chang)質(zhi)檢(jian)。待確認(ren)合格后方(fang)可(ke)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)再次施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。第二，對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量保(bao)證(zheng)體系實(shi)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)面監管(guan)，確保(bao)其(qi)健(jian)全(quan)完善性(xing)。定期進(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)檢(jian)評比工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，運(yun)用(yong)經濟方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)質(zhi)管(guan)獎(jiang)懲(cheng)。第三，對于一些工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設中極易出現的(de)問題及易損壞之(zhi)處(chu)，需運(yun)用(yong)科學的(de)方(fang)式(shi)對其(qi)論證(zheng)，及時采取有效措施(shi)(shi)(shi)予以全(quan)面保(bao)護。

2．3加強監理

2．3.1組織成立專(zhuan)業(ye)監理工作團(tuan)隊

給排水工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)質量監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作在實施進行中具有(you)極大的(de)難度(du)，且(qie)其工(gong)(gong)(gong)作任務較(jiao)為(wei)繁重。此項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程屬于一種綜合性的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，大部(bu)分的(de)專業(ye)技術人員只對某一方面較(jiao)為(wei)擅長，因此相關監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)率(lv)較(jiao)低。針對此問題，相關監理(li)企業(ye)應加強對工(gong)(gong)(gong)作人員的(de)培(pei)訓，促使其實現一人多能，有(you)效(xiao)提升監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)率(lv)。

2．3.2加強監理(li)設(she)備儲備

工程(cheng)的(de)質管(guan)工作(zuo)在進行中(zhong)(zhong)是無法脫離各類先(xian)進設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)。要(yao)想(xiang)真正監理(li)(li)出優(you)良(liang)工程(cheng)，專業(ye)(ye)技術(shu)人員、先(xian)進設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)儀器缺一不可。所以，在監理(li)(li)工作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，相關監理(li)(li)企業(ye)(ye)需加強對監理(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)儲備(bei)，將專業(ye)(ye)技術(shu)人員與(yu)先(xian)進檢測設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)實(shi)行有機結合(he)，促進監理(li)(li)方式的(de)現(xian)代化發展，提(ti)升(sheng)質檢專業(ye)(ye)水準。

3給排水工程常見技術問題

第(di)一(yi)，管(guan)道偏(pian)移或積水。此類問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)產(chan)生的(de)(de)主要原因(yin)為(wei):測量(liang)(liang)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上的(de)(de)失誤(wu)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，在(zai)施工中(zhong)(zhong)避讓操作處理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)將會致使(shi)一(yi)些(xie)建筑物出(chu)現位置偏(pian)移或壞死倒坡狀(zhuang)況。第(di)二，回(hui)填(tian)土的(de)(de)沉陷(xian)(xian)。回(hui)填(tian)土的(de)(de)沉陷(xian)(xian)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)產(chan)生的(de)(de)主要原因(yin)為(wei):在(zai)回(hui)填(tian)檢查中(zhong)(zhong)未(wei)做到全面嚴密，未(wei)按(an)照(zhao)相關(guan)要求規范進行分層(ceng)式(shi)的(de)(de)夯實施工。在(zai)回(hui)填(tian)施工中(zhong)(zhong)其(qi)所運用到的(de)(de)材料質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不過(guo)關(guan)，含水量(liang)(liang)控制存(cun)在(zai)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)等。這些(xie)因(yin)素均對整(zheng)個壓(ya)實最(zui)終效果產(chan)生了直接性(xing)的(de)(de)影響，最(zui)終導致出(chu)現過(guo)大沉降質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。

4給排水(shui)工(gong)程技術(shu)控(kong)制對策

針(zhen)對(dui)給排(pai)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術方面存在(zai)的(de)(de)上述問題(ti)，可(ke)采取以下(xia)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行預防。第一，管道偏移或(huo)積水(shui)。針(zhen)對(dui)此類問題(ti)應采取的(de)(de)預防措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei):在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前依(yi)照相關規范對(dui)交接樁進(jin)(jin)行反復(fu)測(ce)量及全面保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。在(zai)放(fang)樣操作中(zhong)，需(xu)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)地(di)域的(de)(de)水(shui)文地(di)質狀(zhuang)況(kuang)充分考量，依(yi)照設計規范及埋置深度具體狀(zhuang)況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)樣施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，確保(bao)(bao)復(fu)檢后的(de)(de)誤差保(bao)(bao)持在(zai)規定(ding)范圍(wei)之(zhi)內。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)需(xu)依(yi)照樣樁進(jin)(jin)行施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，對(dui)軸線(xian)、縱坡進(jin)(jin)行明(ming)確測(ce)量驗收(shou)。第二，回填(tian)土的(de)(de)沉陷(xian)。針(zhen)對(dui)此類問題(ti)應采取的(de)(de)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei):在(zai)回填(tian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)需(xu)依(yi)照其具體的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)部位及施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環(huan)境條(tiao)件進(jin)(jin)行填(tian)料、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)機械的(de)(de)科學選取。當(dang)遇到(dao)一些較為(wei)狹(xia)窄的(de)(de)溝槽(cao)時(shi)，可(ke)運用人(ren)工(gong)(gong)打(da)夯機器進(jin)(jin)行夯填(tian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)處(chu)理(li)。另外，對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)材料含水(shui)量科學控制，確保(bao)(bao)其超出量不應應大于最佳含水(shui)量的(de)(de)2%。當(dang)進(jin)(jin)行雨后施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)，需(xu)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)行排(pai)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)，之(zhi)后再實(shi)行分層式的(de)(de)隨填(tian)隨壓(ya)。

5結語

篇8

水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)有(you)(you)大有(you)(you)小，但(dan)是(shi)都是(shi)系(xi)統性工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，因(yin)為“麻雀(que)雖小，五臟俱(ju)全”缺少那個崗(gang)(gang)位(wei)，也會(hui)使得崗(gang)(gang)位(wei)職責(ze)有(you)(you)所(suo)缺少，難以(yi)確保整個項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)實(shi)現。當(dang)然在劃分工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)職責(ze)時也要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據崗(gang)(gang)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)效性有(you)(you)所(suo)側重，否則難以(yi)實(shi)現整體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標。一是(shi)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)控(kong)(kong)意(yi)識(shi)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)應當(dang)負(fu)責(ze)建立并不斷完善(shan)所(suo)在單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部會(hui)計(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)制(zhi)度是(shi)《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民共和國會(hui)計(ji)(ji)法(fa)》中(zhong)明確提(ti)出(chu)，為此(ci)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)要(yao)(yao)結合實(shi)際建立健全規(gui)章制(zhi)度，要(yao)(yao)求負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)和管理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)化意(yi)識(shi)，全面實(shi)現對企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部會(hui)計(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，以(yi)此(ci)對本單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部會(hui)計(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)進行監督。二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)想做好水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，必須提(ti)高(gao)水(shui)利(li)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)素質(zhi)(zhi)和業(ye)務(wu)(wu)水(shui)平，財(cai)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)在日常工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時間利(li)用(yong)各(ge)種有(you)(you)效途徑來(lai)加強(qiang)相關(guan)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)財(cai)經法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)以(yi)及水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)行業(ye)知識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)習，用(yong)知識(shi)來(lai)提(ti)高(gao)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)水(shui)平，進而提(ti)升整體(ti)(ti)素質(zhi)(zhi)，借此(ci)來(lai)努力提(ti)高(gao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量水(shui)平。

二、水利工程項目全(quan)程控制(zhi)的財務管(guan)理工作

1.工程(cheng)項目相關業務(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)制(zhi)定

建設單位為確(que)(que)保全(quan)程(cheng)有效控制(zhi)整個水(shui)利工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)：一(yi)是根(gen)據(ju)相關規(gui)定(ding)制(zhi)定(ding)出水(shui)利工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)詳細的(de)(de)(de)業務流程(cheng)；二(er)是要(yao)明確(que)(que)會計控制(zhi)對(dui)(dui)水(shui)利工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)決策、預算(suan)編制(zhi)、支付價款以及結算(suan)管理等業務流程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求；三是要(yao)對(dui)(dui)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)實施過程(cheng)各(ge)個環節進行設置財務憑證和(he)要(yao)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)記錄。

2.工程項目(mu)的(de)決(jue)策(ce)和預(yu)算(suan)控制

一是(shi)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)在決(jue)策階段(duan)要(yao)進行認真(zhen)的(de)(de)調(diao)研(yan)論證(zheng)，出具項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)議(yi)書以及可(ke)行性研(yan)究(jiu)報告，財務管(guan)理(li)人員(yuan)要(yao)參與到項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)決(jue)策過程(cheng)中，并在可(ke)行性研(yan)究(jiu)報告中要(yao)從經(jing)濟型角度對工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)進行分析，然后用(yong)數字的(de)(de)形式給出評審意見。同時要(yao)對項(xiang)目(mu)相關決(jue)議(yi)簽字認可(ke)。二是(shi)財務人員(yuan)要(yao)參入(ru)水利工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)概預算編制，并對預算的(de)(de)編制依據、項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)重點內容、工程(cheng)量(liang)計算等工作進行嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)審查論證(zheng)，確(que)保預算的(de)(de)真(zhen)實性、準確(que)性以及整(zheng)體(ti)性。

3.控(kong)制(zhi)工程項目價款的支付

一是(shi)(shi)財(cai)務(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)要對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)合(he)(he)同約(yue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)方式進(jin)行(xing)(xing)審查和論(lun)證，便于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)價款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)及時支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)；二(er)是(shi)(shi)財(cai)務(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)按照(zhao)合(he)(he)同約(yue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)方式、約(yue)定價款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符合(he)(he)要求等情況(kuang)審查核(he)實項(xiang)目相(xiang)關(guan)部門提交(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)申(shen)請(qing)、審批(pi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)批(pi)準意見及相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)票據(ju)憑證真實合(he)(he)法(fa)合(he)(he)規，只有確認無誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)才能辦理(li)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)價款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)，以防工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冒領和損失(shi)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)對在實際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“變更”導致(zhi)與合(he)(he)同約(yue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量不一致(zhi)，或者其(qi)他原因導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)方式變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)當提交(jiao)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)證明文(wen)件(jian)和資料，并向財(cai)務(wu)部門加以說明，財(cai)務(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)經過認真核(he)實后確定付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)。4.控制工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)算工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)后需(xu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)算，此時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)要進(jin)行(xing)(xing)認真審核(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)決(jue)(jue)算。一是(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)和審查工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目決(jue)(jue)算的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)，并充分考(kao)慮(lv)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完整性(xing)(xing)和是(shi)(shi)否(fou)完備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)算所(suo)需(xu)相(xiang)關(guan)資料；二(er)是(shi)(shi)積極與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位溝通了解，確定對是(shi)(shi)否(fou)完成竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)清理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)；三(san)是(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)分析(xi)決(jue)(jue)算編制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)和相(xiang)關(guan)數據(ju)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)正確，確保工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實性(xing)(xing)。

三、建立健全水利工程項目內控(kong)機(ji)制