導(dao)語：小型農田水利工程管護對策一文來源于網友上傳，不代表本站觀點，若(ruo)需要原創文章(zhang)可咨詢客服(fu)老師，歡(huan)迎參考(kao)。

摘要：農業生產離不開農田水利工程，加強農田水利工程管護對農業發展至關重要。全面探討了可參與小型農田水利工程管護的社會力量類型，并歸納總結了4種管護新模式，結合農田水利管護現狀提出規范工程管護服務，健全管護標準體系；加大支持與指導力度，完善相關政策文件；健全長效管護機制，完善監督考核機制；拓展資金籌措渠道，制定稅費優惠政策等提高管護質量的對策。

關鍵詞：農(nong)田水利；管護模式；社會參與(yu)

近年來，隨著(zhu)水(shui)利工程(cheng)管(guan)理體制(zhi)改革(ge)的(de)(de)不斷推進和農(nong)業適(shi)度規模(mo)(mo)經營的(de)(de)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，傳統(tong)的(de)(de)由政(zheng)府管(guan)護(hu)農(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)利工程(cheng)模(mo)(mo)式已無法適(shi)應新時期市場發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)要求。因此，為(wei)充分發(fa)(fa)揮工程(cheng)效益，進一步提(ti)升農(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)利管(guan)護(hu)水(shui)平，有(you)必要引(yin)導與(yu)鼓勵(li)社會力量參與(yu)工程(cheng)管(guan)護(hu)。

1可參與小型農田水利工程管護的社會力量類型

1.1水利(li)專業灌溉合作(zuo)組織

水(shui)利專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作組織由受(shou)益農(nong)戶、涉農(nong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化公(gong)司(si)和(he)新型(xing)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，按照民主(zhu)管理、合(he)(he)(he)(he)作互助、自愿參加等(deng)原則(ze)依(yi)法組建[1]。生(sheng)產經營主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)以家庭農(nong)場、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)戶和(he)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作社等(deng)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，由多個(ge)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)聯合(he)(he)(he)(he)或者某個(ge)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)牽頭(tou)，在當地(di)工(gong)商部門依(yi)照相(xiang)關文件組建農(nong)田灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)服(fu)務(wu)組織和(he)水(shui)利專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作社。此外，水(shui)利專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作組織強調(diao)以專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)程建設和(he)管護等(deng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)載體(ti)(ti)，實現專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)優勢的(de)(de)充分發揮，依(yi)照《中華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國公(gong)司(si)法》組建專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化的(de)(de)水(shui)利市場化灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)服(fu)務(wu)組織，取(qu)得營業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)執照并注冊成(cheng)立水(shui)利灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)服(fu)務(wu)公(gong)司(si)[2]。一般該公(gong)司(si)有相(xiang)對穩定的(de)(de)聘用(yong)人(ren)員、完善的(de)(de)規章制度、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)設備和(he)固定的(de)(de)辦公(gong)地(di)點(dian)等(deng)。

1.2水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)維(wei)修養護企(qi)業

針對農田水利工程成立的(de)可自(zi)主(zhu)經(jing)營、自(zi)負盈虧、獨立核(he)算(suan)的(de)維修養(yang)護(hu)企(qi)(qi)業即為水利工程維修養(yang)護(hu)企(qi)(qi)業，其(qi)具(ju)備(bei)固定的(de)經(jing)營場所、具(ju)有與承擔(dan)維修養(yang)護(hu)任務相適應的(de)機(ji)械設備(bei)和技術人員、經(jing)工商行政管理部門批(pi)準設立并具(ju)備(bei)獨立企(qi)(qi)業法人資(zi)格等基本條件。

1.3農民用水戶協會

農民用(yong)水戶協會是由若干用(yong)水戶、小組(zu)組(zu)建的(de)群(qun)眾(zhong)性灌(guan)溉用(yong)水管理組(zu)織，主要負責灌(guan)溉用(yong)水制度(du)制定、協調用(yong)水行為(wei)、水費(fei)收繳并(bing)按標準上交供(gong)水公(gong)司，同(tong)時(shi)負責灌(guan)溉系(xi)統的(de)運(yun)行管護(hu)，為(wei)灌(guan)溉資產增(zeng)值(zhi)保(bao)值(zhi)提供(gong)保(bao)障[3-4]。

1.4新型農業經營主體

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)離不開農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，因此新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)也能參與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)管(guan)護(hu)。目前，新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要類型有(you)4種。1.4.1　專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)戶(hu)相對于(yu)分散經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)而言(yan)，專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)戶(hu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率(lv)(lv)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規模均較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，但(dan)其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品種類較(jiao)(jiao)單一(yi)，在市(shi)場(chang)(chang)流(liu)動(dong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中處于(yu)被動(dong)地位(wei)。1.4.2　家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)以家庭成(cheng)員為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，實行市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)、企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理，具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)長的(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)，商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)、集約化(hua)、規模化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，技術裝備(bei)較(jiao)(jiao)先進，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)穩定性(xing)和(he)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)護(hu)水平(ping)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)。1.4.3　農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合(he)作(zuo)社(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合(he)作(zuo)社(she)是由同類農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)、經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)者(zhe)組(zu)建(jian)而成(cheng)的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟組(zu)織，這(zhe)種聯(lian)合(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)體(ti)具有(you)更大(da)的(de)規模、更高(gao)(gao)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)結(jie)合(he)度(du)(du)和(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)水平(ping)，從(cong)(cong)銷售到(dao)加(jia)工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，合(he)作(zuo)社(she)都有(you)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門的(de)團隊，分工(gong)明確，具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率(lv)(lv)。1.4.4　農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要是指專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)和(he)組(zu)織程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)比較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)從(cong)(cong)事農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)活動(dong)的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)法人組(zu)織，其(qi)(qi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)范(fan)圍能夠覆蓋整個產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)+基地+專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)作(zuo)社(she)+企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)”“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)+基地+企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)”等(deng)合(he)作(zuo)模式[5]。所以，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)既可促進自身的(de)發展(zhan)，還(huan)能帶動(dong)區域特色經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)，在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術能力、經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)管(guan)護(hu)水平(ping)及經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)規模等(deng)方面均領(ling)先于(yu)其(qi)(qi)他經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)。

2管護新模式

2.1物業化管(guan)護(hu)模式

為加快轉(zhuan)變“輕管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)、重(zhong)大修”的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)現狀，各地(di)(di)因(yin)地(di)(di)制宜地(di)(di)實(shi)施管(guan)(guan)養分離(li)制度，推進物(wu)業管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)市場(chang)的(de)(de)培育和發展，鼓勵工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)力量(liang)較強的(de)(de)組織(zhi)和單(dan)位等(deng)社會力量(liang)組建(jian)小(xiao)型管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)公司(si)，實(shi)現物(wu)業化管(guan)(guan)理。在(zai)(zai)明晰工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產權(quan)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，采用拍賣、租賃經營權(quan)、承包等(deng)政府購買(mai)服務的(de)(de)方式明確管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)主(zhu)(zhu)體，通過簽(qian)訂(ding)管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)合(he)同明確工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)責任，貫徹執行工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)相關規定，并(bing)積極接受(shou)各主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)督考(kao)核(he)。例如，某(mou)地(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產權(quan)明晰的(de)(de)條件下，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)公司(si)與(yu)鄉鎮、村集體簽(qian)訂(ding)協(xie)議明確了管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)標準、內容、責任等(deng)，逐(zhu)步(bu)實(shi)現物(wu)業化工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)。檢查考(kao)核(he)替(ti)代原來直接參與(yu)管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)已成為鄉鎮水(shui)利(li)管(guan)(guan)理部門的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)職責，通過實(shi)施考(kao)核(he)有(you)效(xiao)監(jian)(jian)督了工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)作，為農田(tian)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高效(xiao)穩定運行提供了保障(zhang)，有(you)利(li)于管(guan)(guan)養分離(li)目標的(de)(de)實(shi)現。

2.2綜合管護模式

在明晰(xi)管護(hu)(hu)(hu)責任和(he)工(gong)(gong)程產(chan)權的情況(kuang)下，部分地區探索將農村(cun)公(gong)共活動場(chang)所管護(hu)(hu)(hu)、綠化、交通、衛生環境和(he)農田水利(li)(li)管護(hu)(hu)(hu)等相整合，統籌工(gong)(gong)程管護(hu)(hu)(hu)，以實現群眾滿意度、工(gong)(gong)程綜合經濟效益、水資源利(li)(li)用率和(he)管護(hu)(hu)(hu)水平的提高及工(gong)(gong)程管護(hu)(hu)(hu)成本的有效控制(zhi)。

2.3協會管護模式

部分(fen)地區對(dui)農田(tian)水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)行協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)管(guan)護模式(shi)，用(yong)水(shui)戶(hu)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、分(fen)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)與鄉鎮、村組分(fen)別簽訂管(guan)護責任書，并檢查考核(he)安全責任落實(shi)情況。此外，各地結合(he)實(shi)際情況積(ji)極探索新型農業(ye)經(jing)營主體(ti)、基層(ceng)水(shui)管(guan)單位與農民用(yong)水(shui)戶(hu)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的深度(du)融合(he)，組建(jian)了“用(yong)戶(hu)+協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)”“協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)+基層(ceng)水(shui)管(guan)單位”等(deng)多種形式(shi)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。為加強工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)護和用(yong)水(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)等(deng)方面的合(he)作，全面提升單個協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的整體(ti)水(shui)平，應(ying)引導鼓勵(li)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)組建(jian)聯合(he)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，協(xie)(xie)調處理(li)(li)區域(yu)內相關事務和灌溉(gai)渠道管(guan)護工(gong)作。

2.4新型農業(ye)經營主體(ti)管護模(mo)式

通過調整種植結構(gou)和(he)土(tu)地(di)流轉，部(bu)分(fen)新型(xing)農(nong)業經營主(zhu)體開展規模(mo)(mo)化種植。為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)土(tu)地(di)經營收(shou)益，其(qi)積(ji)極參(can)與(yu)農(nong)田水利(li)工程(cheng)管(guan)護(hu)，加(jia)快(kuai)形(xing)成統一(yi)規劃生(sheng)產、分(fen)配管(guan)護(hu)的(de)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。積(ji)極探(tan)索協會與(yu)企業、合作社、家庭農(nong)場等(deng)聯(lian)合管(guan)護(hu)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，既可提(ti)高(gao)新型(xing)農(nong)業經營主(zhu)體的(de)收(shou)益和(he)小型(xing)農(nong)田水利(li)工程(cheng)的(de)管(guan)護(hu)水平，又可解(jie)決工程(cheng)管(guan)護(hu)復雜混亂、供需矛盾突出等(deng)問題。

3管護現狀與對策建議

3.1管護現狀

3.1.1管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)服務不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)規范，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)標(biao)準不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan)(quan)目前，各地(di)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府把引入社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量(liang)作(zuo)(zuo)為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點，積極(ji)探(tan)索(suo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量(liang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)式，但較(jiao)(jiao)少考慮(lv)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)內容(rong)和(he)(he)(he)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)。因(yin)缺(que)少管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)標(biao)準影(ying)(ying)響了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充分(fen)發揮和(he)(he)(he)正常運行(xing)(xing)，在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)上限制(zhi)了(le)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)服務水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升(sheng)，最終形成社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量(liang)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿來”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局面。1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)標(biao)準、服務參(can)(can)(can)(can)考價格和(he)(he)(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府購(gou)買(mai)服務目錄等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)失，致(zhi)使(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量(liang)獲取合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)益(yi)和(he)(he)(he)投(tou)資回報(bao)較(jiao)(jiao)難保障，極(ji)大(da)地(di)降低了(le)其參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主動(dong)性。2）為追(zhui)求最大(da)利(li)益(yi)，對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，實(shi)(shi)際管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理中因(yin)缺(que)乏(fa)依據而漏洞百(bai)出，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充分(fen)發揮、安全(quan)(quan)運行(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)情(qing)況監督(du)考核(he)等(deng)受(shou)到(dao)影(ying)(ying)響，難以(yi)(yi)及時追(zhui)究管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)主體(ti)責任。3.1.2支持指(zhi)導力度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)弱，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)位近年來，為鼓(gu)勵和(he)(he)(he)引導社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量(liang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)農田水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，國家(jia)出臺了(le)一(yi)(yi)系列政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)文件(jian)(jian)，對促進(jin)農田水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)主體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培育(yu)和(he)(he)(he)發展提供(gong)了(le)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)支持。然(ran)而，部(bu)分(fen)地(di)區還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)重視(shi)相關政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)文件(jian)(jian)，支持力度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)組(zu)織指(zhi)導明顯(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區甚至存在(zai)未按(an)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)文件(jian)(jian)及時制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)化(hua)、專(zhuan)業化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)法規制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，難以(yi)(yi)全(quan)(quan)面落(luo)實(shi)(shi)國家(jia)有關政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，使(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量(liang)很(hen)難參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。3.1.3未建(jian)(jian)立長(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)機(ji)制(zhi)，監督(du)考核(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完善為鼓(gu)勵社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)力量(liang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，許多(duo)地(di)區出臺了(le)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)文件(jian)(jian)，對服務工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)開展積極(ji)宣傳，但對建(jian)(jian)立和(he)(he)(he)完善工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)考核(he)和(he)(he)(he)監督(du)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)重視(shi)，尚未構(gou)建(jian)(jian)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)機(ji)制(zhi)，長(chang)此以(yi)(yi)往形成管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)主體(ti)“留不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)住”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局面。現(xian)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)監督(du)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)缺(que)乏(fa)有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外部(bu)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，其以(yi)(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府內部(bu)監督(du)為主且多(duo)限于(yu)行(xing)(xing)業監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)取查看(kan)、視(shi)察等(deng)方(fang)式評(ping)判管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)效(xiao)(xiao)果，對服務成效(xiao)(xiao)、質量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)滿意(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)缺(que)少專(zhuan)業評(ping)估。3.1.4管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)經費(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，稅費(fei)(fei)優(you)惠不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明確(que)由于(yu)存在(zai)很(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)益(yi)性，小(xiao)型農田水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)經費(fei)(fei)主要來源于(yu)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)投(tou)入，經費(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足難以(yi)(yi)保證農田水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)運行(xing)(xing)。部(bu)分(fen)地(di)方(fang)未制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)稅費(fei)(fei)優(you)惠政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)或因(yin)財力有限，使(shi)得財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)投(tou)入缺(que)乏(fa)穩定(ding)(ding)性，因(yin)無明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補償(chang)補貼標(biao)準和(he)(he)(he)盈(ying)利(li)模式等(deng)，社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)性較(jiao)(jiao)低，極(ji)易造成“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿投(tou)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。

3.2對策建議

3.2.1規(gui)范(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，健全管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系1）制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)出臺工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。通過簽訂協(xie)議(yi)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系目(mu)(mu)錄等(deng)(deng)，逐(zhu)步規(gui)范(fan)農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，逐(zhu)項(xiang)編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)推(tui)廣、可(ke)復制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。2）明確工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)收費(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)參考(kao)價格。加快(kuai)推(tui)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)價形成(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)產權(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度改革，合(he)(he)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)參考(kao)價和(he)(he)(he)收費(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，保(bao)證在具體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)既能讓社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)獲取合(he)(he)理收益和(he)(he)(he)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)回(hui)報，又能促進小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)。3.2.2加大(da)支持與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)度，完善相(xiang)關政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)文件1）制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案和(he)(he)(he)相(xiang)關指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)意見。各地(di)要(yao)(yao)(yao)因地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)相(xiang)關實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案，規(gui)范(fan)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)、程(cheng)(cheng)序、門(men)(men)(men)檻(jian)和(he)(he)(he)基本條(tiao)(tiao)件等(deng)(deng)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)能夠暢(chang)通參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)提(ti)供保(bao)障。2）加強(qiang)(qiang)組(zu)織(zhi)協(xie)調與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)。將(jiang)小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)河(he)湖(hu)長制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)部門(men)(men)(men)聯(lian)席會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)等(deng)(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度列入聯(lian)席會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)內容，強(qiang)(qiang)化部門(men)(men)(men)協(xie)作(zuo)及政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)組(zu)織(zhi)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)，加快(kuai)出臺財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)補(bu)貼和(he)(he)(he)稅(shui)費(fei)(fei)優惠政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，創建(jian)(jian)(jian)招商平(ping)臺吸(xi)引(yin)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。3）做好宣傳和(he)(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。加快(kuai)推(tui)進小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)息化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理，切(qie)實(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)升行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)辦事效(xiao)率，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)庫并及時(shi)發布(bu)有(you)關信(xin)息。合(he)(he)理利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)多種(zhong)宣傳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，加強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)文件、政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案的(de)宣傳，進一(yi)步完善管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)辦法。條(tiao)(tiao)件允許(xu)時(shi)，鼓勵建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)名錄，向(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)及時(shi)公開發布(bu)，積極探索財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)審計和(he)(he)(he)會(hui)(hui)(hui)計代理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，為(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)范(fan)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)提(ti)供保(bao)障。3.2.3健全長效(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，完善監督考(kao)核(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1）加快(kuai)完善評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)開展(zhan)年度自評(ping)(ping)(ping)，再由獨立(li)的(de)第三(san)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)科學(xue)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)，并按照管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求由各級水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部門(men)(men)(men)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)抽查(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)，由此(ci)對(dui)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際成(cheng)效(xiao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全面評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)。評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)內容主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)使(shi)用(yong)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)質量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)，并向(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)及時(shi)公布(bu)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)結果，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)選(xuan)擇提(ti)供管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)購買(mai)(mai)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年度預(yu)算(suan)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)依據。2）實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)驗收考(kao)核(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)的(de)發放依據以考(kao)核(he)驗收結果為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，一(yi)般采取年度考(kao)核(he)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)日常(chang)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)的(de)考(kao)核(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。其(qi)中(zhong)，年度考(kao)核(he)由財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)部門(men)(men)(men)協(xie)同(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部門(men)(men)(men)共同(tong)開展(zhan)，而(er)日常(chang)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)由水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部門(men)(men)(men)采取不定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)抽查(cha)(cha)和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)巡查(cha)(cha)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)來完成(cheng)。考(kao)核(he)結果有(you)不合(he)(he)格、合(he)(he)格和(he)(he)(he)優良(liang)，以考(kao)核(he)結果為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)依據給予(yu)相(xiang)應的(de)獎補(bu)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)。3）完善誠信(xin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)評(ping)(ping)(ping)價體(ti)(ti)系。對(dui)于社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)提(ti)供管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)信(xin)息不實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)向(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)及時(shi)公布(bu)，對(dui)發現嚴重違反財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)、弄(nong)虛作(zuo)假、不符合(he)(he)技術或資(zi)(zi)格要(yao)(yao)(yao)求等(deng)(deng)違法行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)納入黑名單。3.2.4拓展(zhan)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)籌(chou)措渠(qu)道(dao)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)稅(shui)費(fei)(fei)優惠政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)1）制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)籌(chou)措補(bu)助辦法。各地(di)應制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)適用(yong)于當地(di)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理辦法，明確財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)補(bu)助方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法、范(fan)圍(wei)、對(dui)象、標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)來源等(deng)(deng)。在中(zhong)央和(he)(he)(he)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各級政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)公共財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)預(yu)算(suan)中(zhong)納入社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，明確財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)補(bu)助范(fan)圍(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)對(dui)象，補(bu)助資(zi)(zi)金(jin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)于購買(mai)(mai)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉(gai)設(she)(she)備和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械使(shi)用(yong)、人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、材(cai)料(liao)等(deng)(deng)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)。采取綜合(he)(he)考(kao)慮地(di)區(qu)發展(zhan)、績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)考(kao)核(he)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)等(deng)(deng)的(de)因素(su)法，合(he)(he)理設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)各因素(su)權(quan)重，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)適宜的(de)補(bu)助資(zi)(zi)金(jin)發放標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)以獎代補(bu)、政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)購買(mai)(mai)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)補(bu)助方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。2）制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)優惠稅(shui)費(fei)(fei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。在企業(ye)(ye)所(suo)得(de)稅(shui)優惠目(mu)(mu)錄中(zhong)納入社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，享受“三(san)免(mian)三(san)減半”的(de)企業(ye)(ye)所(suo)得(de)稅(shui)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)及管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)用(yong)地(di)免(mian)征契稅(shui)和(he)(he)(he)土(tu)地(di)使(shi)用(yong)稅(shui)，對(dui)專業(ye)(ye)化服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)組(zu)織(zhi)、維(wei)修(xiu)養護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)企業(ye)(ye)、用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)戶協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)等(deng)(deng)減免(mian)年審費(fei)(fei)用(yong)和(he)(he)(he)登記費(fei)(fei)用(yong)。

4結語

隨著農(nong)田水利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管理體(ti)制改革(ge)的深入(ru)推(tui)進和(he)農(nong)業(ye)適度規模經營的不斷(duan)發(fa)展，由政府管護農(nong)田水利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的傳統模式已無法滿足新時期市場化發(fa)展的需求(qiu)。因此(ci)，必須引(yin)導和(he)鼓勵各種社(she)會力量的參與，為(wei)提高農(nong)田水利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管護水平(ping)和(he)充分(fen)發(fa)揮工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)益提供切(qie)實(shi)保(bao)障。

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作者(zhe)：雒(luo)和 單位：靖(jing)遠縣水務局