摘要：在互聯網、大數據、云計算高速發展的今天，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)必(bi)要的發展趨勢之(zhi)一(yi)，本文(wen)就人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)開展淺析，包(bao)括人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的現(xian)狀到人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)目前遇到的瓶頸(jing)，以及人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)未來(lai)的發展方向。

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：人工智能(neng)；AI；大數據

什么是(shi)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)？ArtificialIntelligence，英文縮寫(xie)為AI，是(shi)開發、研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)用于(yu)(yu)延伸、模(mo)(mo)擬和(he)擴(kuo)展人(ren)(ren)類智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、理論、方法(fa)及(ji)應(ying)(ying)用系統(tong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)門(men)新的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)科學(xue)。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為計(ji)算機學(xue)科的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個旁(pang)支，了(le)(le)(le)解智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)實質，并討論出一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)全(quan)(quan)新的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬人(ren)(ren)類智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)方式作(zuo)出反應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)算法(fa)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個領(ling)(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)包括智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)機器人(ren)(ren)、圖像識別、語言識別、專(zhuan)家系統(tong)和(he)自然語言處理等。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)從1956年誕生(sheng)以來(lai)，技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)理論的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)逐漸成熟，應(ying)(ying)用的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)也在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷擴(kuo)大，未來(lai)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)給我們帶來(lai)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用服務，將會是(shi)人(ren)(ren)類智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)延伸。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會對人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)思維(wei)、意識過程進行模(mo)(mo)擬。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)，但能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)像人(ren)(ren)類那樣思考。當前社會是(shi)基于(yu)(yu)互聯(lian)網(wang)的(de)(de)大數(shu)據時代(dai)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)基于(yu)(yu)大數(shu)據和(he)互聯(lian)網(wang)，全(quan)(quan)球包括中(zhong)國大量的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)員如雨后春筍般層出不(bu)(bu)窮，國內的(de)(de)大型(xing)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)機構和(he)高校也在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷研(yan)發相關技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)搶(qiang)占領(ling)(ling)先科技(ji)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)大環境下催生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)很多(duo)應(ying)(ying)用行業，比如我們熟知(zhi)的(de)(de)：智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)家居、汽(qi)車自動(dong)駕駛技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、虛擬私人(ren)(ren)助理、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)機器人(ren)(ren)等等。目前全(quan)(quan)球人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)公司(si)融資(zi)規模(mo)(mo)達到了(le)(le)(le)數(shu)百億美元(yuan)。

1人工智能的現狀

目前(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)比較好的(de)(de)(de)幾個領域(yu)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)是：虛(xu)擬私人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)助理，我們使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能手機基(ji)本上(shang)都(dou)具備這(zhe)(zhe)樣功(gong)能，像華為(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)藝、小(xiao)米的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)愛、蘋果的(de)(de)(de)Siri等，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)語音助理基(ji)本上(shang)在(zai)錄入(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)聲(sheng)紋后(hou)(hou)，收(shou)(shou)集用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)受用(yong)(yong)(yong)習(xi)慣和愛好，然后(hou)(hou)基(ji)于互(hu)聯(lian)網訪問后(hou)(hou)臺大數據服(fu)務，為(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)提(ti)供(gong)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能服(fu)務。汽車(che)自動駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)服(fu)務，此項服(fu)務分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0-5級(ji)(ji)(ji)，0級(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)通過車(che)輛(liang)傳感(gan)器向用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)告警(jing)信(xin)息，由駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)進行操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)；1級(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能與(yu)駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)共享汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)控制權(quan)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能只負責車(che)輛(liang)輔(fu)助駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，如(ru)巡(xun)航控制、停車(che)輔(fu)助、車(che)道(dao)輔(fu)助等；2級(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“放手”級(ji)(ji)(ji)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能完(wan)全能夠(gou)自行操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)車(che)輛(liang)行駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，包括(kuo)制動、加(jia)速、轉向等，但是駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)仍應(ying)(ying)該注意周(zhou)圍環境，在(zai)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)時收(shou)(shou)回(hui)控制權(quan)；3級(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“睜大眼睛”，這(zhe)(zhe)個級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能可(ke)(ke)以更(geng)好自動駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)輛(liang)，駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)可(ke)(ke)以在(zai)車(che)內(nei)進行適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)其他活動，必(bi)要(yao)(yao)時收(shou)(shou)回(hui)控制權(quan)；4級(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“注意”，次級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能完(wan)全可(ke)(ke)以自動駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)汽車(che)，完(wan)全脫離駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)，駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)只需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)行程結束(shu)后(hou)(hou)收(shou)(shou)回(hui)駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)權(quan)；5級(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“可(ke)(ke)選方向盤”，這(zhe)(zhe)個時候完(wan)全不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)能智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能完(wan)全替(ti)代駕(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)員(yuan)。游戲(xi)AI，此項服(fu)務用(yong)(yong)(yong)于在(zai)游戲(xi)中與(yu)玩家(jia)(jia)合(he)作(zuo)或展開對戰，由于目前(qian)游戲(xi)產業的(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)蒸(zheng)日上(shang)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于游戲(xi)AI開發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)資金(jin)也(ye)相(xiang)對比較充盈，所以游戲(xi)AI目前(qian)也(ye)代表了人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)瞻。目前(qian)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能技術在(zai)西方國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)展得比較迅速，在(zai)AI技術領域(yu)走在(zai)前(qian)沿的(de)(de)(de)IBM公司，已經(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)州(zhou)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)實驗室制造了ASCIWhite人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能計(ji)算機，據稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擁有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)大腦(nao)千分(fen)(fen)之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力，正(zheng)在(zai)研發(fa)(fa)更(geng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)強大的(de)(de)(de)新超(chao)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電腦(nao)—BlueJean（藍色(se)牛仔），據其主要(yao)(yao)負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保羅·霍恩稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，BlueJean的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能水(shui)平與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧相(xiang)當(dang)。隨著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，幾乎各種(zhong)科技的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展都(dou)涉及到(dao)了人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能技術，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能已經(jing)廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)：符號計(ji)算、模式識(shi)別(bie)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能翻譯、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧機器學習(xi)、邏輯推理與(yu)證明、自然語言(yan)、分(fen)(fen)布式AI、計(ji)算機視覺、問題(ti)求(qiu)解(jie)、信(xin)息檢索(suo)技術、專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)系統等等。

2人工智能的瓶頸

“人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)”一詞被引入(ru)(ru)學(xue)術領域(yu)已經有60余(yu)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間。近年(nian)來(lai)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)進入(ru)(ru)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段(duan)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)與各(ge)個領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融合(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)斷加速(su)，打造智能(neng)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務體(ti)系成為不(bu)同(tong)領域(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱點(dian)話題。科技的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)對圖(tu)書館服務形態(tai)必(bi)然會產(chan)生(sheng)沖擊和影響(xiang)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)圖(tu)書館作為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)總(zong)書庫，擔負著推動(dong)構建學(xue)習型(xing)社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使命(ming)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)將(jiang)會為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)圖(tu)書館的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉型(xing)帶來(lai)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)契機。因(yin)此，筆者圍繞人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)背景下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)書館發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)動(dong)向展(zhan)開論述，就新(xin)時代國(guo)(guo)家(jia)圖(tu)書館的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉型(xing)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)問題略陳管見。

1人工智(zhi)能時(shi)代(dai)圖書館面臨的困境

人(ren)(ren)工智能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)對于(yu)圖書(shu)(shu)館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設既是(shi)機(ji)遇又是(shi)挑戰。準確地把握(wo)實(shi)踐需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)、分析客觀矛盾是(shi)正確地制定發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提。1.1實(shi)體館(guan)用戶(hu)大量(liang)(liang)流(liu)失。信(xin)息技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高速發(fa)展(zhan)，深刻(ke)地改變了圖書(shu)(shu)館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生存(cun)發(fa)展(zhan)環境。一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，伴隨(sui)著大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)存(cun)儲(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)化(hua)(hua)、檢索(suo)一體化(hua)(hua)、應用網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)，使得(de)(de)讀(du)(du)者利用互聯網(wang)來(lai)閱讀(du)(du)和學習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)低、效率(lv)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高。另一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，現(xian)代社會人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作生活(huo)節奏越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)快，人(ren)(ren)們可以(yi)支配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學習(xi)時間越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)碎片(pian)化(hua)(hua)，到館(guan)學習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)(nan)度不斷提升(sheng)。在這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下，實(shi)體圖書(shu)(shu)館(guan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)臨著用戶(hu)大量(liang)(liang)流(liu)失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。1.2大數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)條(tiao)件(jian)下資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)整合(he)難(nan)(nan)度加(jia)大。大數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)時代，“數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)為王”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)深入(ru)人(ren)(ren)心。一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，人(ren)(ren)們不斷創新發(fa)展(zhan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)感(gan)知(zhi)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)傳輸(shu)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)存(cun)儲(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)，從而使海量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)被創造。另一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，由于(yu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)性(xing)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)、功能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異，數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)存(cun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式、關聯方(fang)(fang)(fang)式、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)算法也各(ge)不相同(tong)(tong)，導致圖書(shu)(shu)館(guan)對不同(tong)(tong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)主體進行資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)整合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)(nan)度加(jia)大。1.3人(ren)(ren)工智能(neng)(neng)(neng)條(tiao)件(jian)下如何滿足(zu)個(ge)性(xing)化(hua)(hua)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。人(ren)(ren)工智能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)使人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)和決(jue)策能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)得(de)(de)到極大程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高。這種(zhong)趨勢也向我們提出了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)要求(qiu)：創新服務(wu)算法，提供個(ge)性(xing)化(hua)(hua)差異化(hua)(hua)服務(wu)；轉(zhuan)變服務(wu)人(ren)(ren)員思想(xiang)觀念，提升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)素質(zhi)，以(yi)便更好地實(shi)現(xian)人(ren)(ren)機(ji)協同(tong)(tong)；精準掌(zhang)握(wo)每一位(wei)讀(du)(du)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，全程追蹤用戶(hu)體驗，個(ge)性(xing)化(hua)(hua)地推送信(xin)息服務(wu)等。

2“智慧國(guo)圖(tu)”建設(she)現狀

近(jin)年(nian)來，國家圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館推出了“掌上國圖(tu)”及多(duo)個(ge)電子書(shu)(shu)軟件，例如“四大(da)(da)譴責小說”“三言(yan)二拍”“艱難與(yu)輝煌”“文錦經典誦讀(du)”“國圖(tu)選萃”等(deng)多(duo)個(ge)電子書(shu)(shu)APP供讀(du)者使(shi)用。另一方面，當前國家圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館的智能化建設還處(chu)于(yu)初步階段，研(yan)究成果與(yu)實(shi)踐運(yun)用比較少，因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)發展中(zhong)還存在(zai)(zai)(zai)很多(duo)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。2.1服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)智能化程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)。目(mu)(mu)前國家圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館已使(shi)用的微信公(gong)眾號等(deng)新(xin)媒(mei)(mei)體平臺服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，與(yu)原來相比服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)率有(you)所提高(gao)，但移(yi)動服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)還停(ting)留(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)短信服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)層次，微信推送(song)也大(da)(da)多(duo)為通知公(gong)告、文獻查(cha)詢(xun)等(deng)基本內(nei)容(rong)(rong)，基于(yu)RFID的服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也停(ting)留(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)自助借(jie)還業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。由于(yu)系統、數據、兼容(rong)(rong)性(xing)等(deng)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)際使(shi)用過程(cheng)中(zhong)常常給讀(du)者帶來不(bu)(bu)(bu)便(bian)，影響服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)率。2.2服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣化、個(ge)性(xing)化程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)。目(mu)(mu)前大(da)(da)部分(fen)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)主(zhu)要(yao)還停(ting)留(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)借(jie)閱(yue)、資料復制、查(cha)新(xin)、信息(xi)檢(jian)索等(deng)，多(duo)屬傳統服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)。多(duo)樣化服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)少，缺(que)乏追蹤讀(du)者行為的分(fen)析，個(ge)性(xing)化定制服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)意識不(bu)(bu)(bu)強。在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)數據、流(liu)媒(mei)(mei)體、智慧平臺等(deng)方面創新(xin)實(shi)踐不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)深入，深層次服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)還有(you)待挖(wa)掘。

3人工(gong)智能在國家圖書館的(de)應用

在智能(neng)(neng)教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下，技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)、教(jiao)育(yu)理(li)念的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化、技術與(yu)學科的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度融(rong)合都將加快教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)業發展新模(mo)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設。同(tong)時，技術介入進一步深化了教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業發展內涵，即教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)業發展需要給教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)提供(gong)適應未來(lai)教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力，以培養智慧型幼兒教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)。北(bei)京市豐(feng)臺區芳莊第二幼兒園基于學科的(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)合創新擴散(san)理(li)論，通過對人工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認知及(ji)培訓、方(fang)案設計及(ji)實踐、方(fang)案調整及(ji)觀(guan)摩、效果四個階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)梳理(li)，幫助(zhu)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)運用(yong)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)育(yu)功能(neng)(neng)樹立(li)智能(neng)(neng)教(jiao)育(yu)理(li)念、更(geng)新教(jiao)育(yu)手段、豐(feng)富教(jiao)學實踐、培養人工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)素(su)養，促(cu)進教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業發展。

開(kai)展(zhan)體(ti)驗(yan)式(shi)教(jiao)研，探究人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能輔助教(jiao)學。技術是促進學前(qian)教(jiao)育教(jiao)學改革和發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)創新手(shou)段，能夠促進教(jiao)師的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)，而且以(yi)技術為(wei)工(gong)具(ju)深受孩(hai)子們(men)喜(xi)愛。我(wo)園購(gou)置了(le)與(yu)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能相關的(de)機(ji)器人(ren)、幼兒編程(cheng)課(ke)程(cheng)等工(gong)具(ju)，調動教(jiao)師使用(yong)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能的(de)能動性(xing)，讓教(jiao)師積極利用(yong)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能設(she)計(ji)并開(kai)展(zhan)活動。我(wo)園通過體(ti)驗(yan)式(shi)教(jiao)研，以(yi)案例分享為(wei)依托，以(yi)觀摩(mo)、研討及(ji)深度反思為(wei)學習路(lu)徑(jing)，以(yi)促進教(jiao)師專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)為(wei)主要目標，來構(gou)建(jian)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能教(jiao)育背(bei)景下的(de)課(ke)程(cheng)體(ti)系(xi)，主要探討人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能在活動設(she)計(ji)、活動組(zu)織與(yu)實(shi)施以(yi)及(ji)活動評價(jia)中的(de)價(jia)值與(yu)應(ying)用(yong)。聚焦人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能工(gong)具(ju)，全方位構(gou)建(jian)課(ke)程(cheng)體(ti)系(xi)。

一是聚焦(jiao)編程(cheng)游(you)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)，以發展(zhan)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)性(xing)思(si)維為(wei)目(mu)標，創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)教(jiao)師教(jiao)育理念。編程(cheng)游(you)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)作為(wei)一種極具特(te)點(dian)的(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)思(si)維培養方式(shi)，要求教(jiao)師在(zai)活動(dong)設(she)計中創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)教(jiao)育理念，發展(zhan)幼兒創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)性(xing)思(si)維。教(jiao)師在(zai)編程(cheng)的(de)(de)課(ke)程(cheng)設(she)計中應把(ba)握三個重點(dian)：融(rong)合性(xing)，可以將編程(cheng)游(you)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)與五(wu)大(da)領域深度融(rong)合，并在(zai)此(ci)基礎(chu)上(shang)大(da)膽創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)；實(shi)踐性(xing)，編程(cheng)游(you)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)學習需要借(jie)助實(shi)踐教(jiao)學、活動(dong)開展(zhan)等途(tu)徑，來(lai)引導幼兒動(dong)腦思(si)索(suo)、動(dong)手操(cao)作；時代性(xing)，即人工智(zhi)能教(jiao)育應當與人工智(zhi)能技術變(bian)遷實(shi)現(xian)同步發展(zhan)。

二是聚焦(jiao)有(you)價值的課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)資源，豐富(fu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)形式。教(jiao)(jiao)師通(tong)過體(ti)驗式教(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)充分感受人工智能的教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)功能，學(xue)會搜集與(yu)篩選有(you)價值的課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)資源。第一階段引進了高質量的編(bian)程(cheng)工具與(yu)軟件，第二階段引進了少(shao)兒編(bian)程(cheng)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)。通(tong)過這兩個(ge)階段的實(shi)踐(jian)，我(wo)園已(yi)能充分利用編(bian)程(cheng)游戲為教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)服務，且(qie)有(you)效(xiao)提升教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)效(xiao)率。

三是(shi)聚(ju)焦編程游(you)戲(xi)，構(gou)建班級(ji)課(ke)(ke)程體系(xi)，落實教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)實踐。經過幾(ji)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐研(yan)究，我園形成了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)系(xi)列編程課(ke)(ke)程，利用(yong)混合(he)(he)式(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念，將虛(xu)擬游(you)戲(xi)與(yu)(yu)現實游(you)戲(xi)融合(he)(he)一(yi)體，人(ren)(ren)機(ji)(ji)協同構(gou)成“雙教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”型教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)模式(shi)（即真實教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和虛(xu)擬教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）。班級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主題課(ke)(ke)程能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠圍繞人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)本身或者依托編程游(you)戲(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)。最重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以將優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案延(yan)展(zhan)(zhan)到活(huo)(huo)(huo)動區(qu)中。孩子們(men)可(ke)(ke)以通過不斷地試錯(cuo)和調試掌握(wo)解(jie)(jie)決方(fang)法，知道如何與(yu)(yu)他人(ren)(ren)有效溝通并用(yong)合(he)(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語言表達自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點。提(ti)升教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)素(su)養，促進(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。通過前兩個階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐研(yan)究，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)素(su)養得到有效提(ti)升，豐富了(le)(le)(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵與(yu)(yu)外延(yan)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)敢于利用(yong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)大膽設計(ji)，充分(fen)挖(wa)掘(jue)其教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育價(jia)值(zhi)來實施教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育活(huo)(huo)(huo)動，讓幼兒學(xue)會探(tan)究。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還可(ke)(ke)以利用(yong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)活(huo)(huo)(huo)躍課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)氣氛，讓幼兒體會到人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利與(yu)(yu)有趣，主動利用(yong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)解(jie)(jie)決問題。例如，“與(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)‘尬’舞”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動，我園利用(yong)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)，結合(he)(he)其音樂(le)播放(fang)、舞蹈展(zhan)(zhan)示等功能(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)系(xi)列游(you)戲(xi)設計(ji)，從藝術(shu)(shu)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舞蹈到科學(xue)領域(yu)編程指令的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)戲(xi)設計(ji)，從集(ji)體教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)到分(fen)組合(he)(he)作學(xue)習，實現了(le)(le)(le)學(xue)科融合(he)(he)創(chuang)新。利用(yong)這(zhe)一(yi)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)，也(ye)促進(jin)了(le)(le)(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)融合(he)(he)創(chuang)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解(jie)(jie)。我園本著素(su)養為先、融合(he)(he)創(chuang)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)深入研(yan)究，凸顯了(le)(le)(le)以人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)提(ti)升教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與(yu)(yu)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)，豐富了(le)(le)(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵，促進(jin)了(le)(le)(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變革(ge)。

作(zuo)者：孔震英 徐環

摘要:探討(tao)了(le)新(xin)工(gong)科(ke)背(bei)(bei)景(jing)(jing)下人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)對策(ce)，論(lun)述了(le)新(xin)工(gong)科(ke)背(bei)(bei)景(jing)(jing)下人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)模式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)意義(yi)，分(fen)析了(le)新(xin)工(gong)科(ke)背(bei)(bei)景(jing)(jing)下人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)面臨的(de)(de)問(wen)題，提出了(le)新(xin)工(gong)科(ke)背(bei)(bei)景(jing)(jing)下高等(deng)職業(ye)(ye)(ye)教育人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)對策(ce):建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立體(ti)(ti)驗式(shi)教學(xue)平(ping)臺，開展(zhan)校企(qi)合(he)作模式(shi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立合(he)作學(xue)習模式(shi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立質(zhi)量評價體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，加強師資(zi)隊(dui)伍培(pei)養(yang)和建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)知識體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)實踐教學(xue)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，從而構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新(xin)工(gong)科(ke)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)智能教育生態環(huan)境，使(shi)不同層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)學(xue)生獲得(de)基(ji)礎性(xing)、綜合(he)性(xing)和創(chuang)新(xin)性(xing)等(deng)多層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)能力培(pei)養(yang)。

關(guan)鍵詞:新工科;人工智能專業;人才培養(yang);對(dui)策

近年(nian)(nian)來，市(shi)(shi)場對于(yu)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)專業人(ren)(ren)才(cai)需求不斷(duan)增(zeng)加。結合相(xiang)關(guan)調研數據(ju)(ju)，當前，我國(guo)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)專業人(ren)(ren)才(cai)缺口(kou)在(zai)500萬人(ren)(ren)以上，國(guo)內供(gong)求比(bi)(bi)(bi)為(wei)1∶10，導致人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)供(gong)需嚴重失衡(heng)。結合網絡(luo)資料、根(gen)據(ju)(ju)市(shi)(shi)場規模可知，2015年(nian)(nian)我國(guo)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)市(shi)(shi)場規模突破100億元，2016年(nian)(nian)為(wei)145億元，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長27.0%，2017年(nian)(nian)為(wei)217億元，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長56.0%，2019年(nian)(nian)為(wei)500億元，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長50.0%，遠超(chao)全(quan)球17.0%的同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長水平。可見，我國(guo)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)專業發展(zhan)迅速，本文基于(yu)新工(gong)科(ke)背景，探討人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)專業人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)模式的制訂(ding)策略。

1新工(gong)科背景下人工(gong)智能專業人才(cai)培養模(mo)式建設意義

過(guo)去繁(fan)重的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)主要(yao)由人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦承擔，自21世紀以(yi)來(lai)這些工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)均可(ke)以(yi)依(yi)靠計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機進(jin)行，計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)速度(du)(du)高(gao)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦，且精準度(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)。隨著(zhu)科(ke)學技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷進(jin)步(bu)，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)定義也(ye)在不(bu)(bu)斷變化，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)學科(ke)也(ye)隨之迅速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起來(lai)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)已經勢(shi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)擋，迅速滲入到(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)生活、生產(chan)中，在競(jing)爭(zheng)日益激烈的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)環境下，很多企業(ye)引入人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術以(yi)加速自身發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)替代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞動是企業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)方向。而人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)，也(ye)加劇了全球范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)業(ye)困難問題(ti)。但不(bu)(bu)可(ke)否(fou)認的(de)(de)(de)是，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效解放勞動力(li)，為生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)帶來(lai)較(jiao)大動力(li)。例如，在抗震救(jiu)災(zai)、火災(zai)救(jiu)援(yuan)、高(gao)空(kong)作(zuo)業(ye)等(deng)領域應用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術，以(yi)此減少高(gao)危活動對人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們生命健康的(de)(de)(de)威(wei)脅(xie)。

2新工(gong)科背景(jing)下人才培養(yang)面臨的問題

一、人工智能的概念

人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能指(zhi)的(de)(de)是，利(li)用計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)模擬人(ren)的(de)(de)大腦(nao)，儲存(cun)人(ren)的(de)(de)操作規律，然后再利(li)用計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)發(fa)出的(de)(de)指(zhi)令去操控機(ji)(ji)器的(de)(de)技術。人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能不(bu)(bu)但可以操縱機(ji)(ji)器，還能進行(xing)有(you)感知的(de)(de)學習規劃，已經對一(yi)般的(de)(de)簡單問題有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)推理能力。人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能在電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)自(zi)動(dong)化中的(de)(de)發(fa)展有(you)著不(bu)(bu)錯的(de)(de)前景。

二、人(ren)工智(zhi)能在電(dian)氣工程自(zi)動化中的運用優勢

(1)外界(jie)對(dui)(dui)其的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)較小(xiao)。在(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)，設(she)(she)備(bei)會(hui)因(yin)為數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)值計(ji)算(suan)類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)、模型(xing)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)重新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調節(jie)(jie)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。但是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)于人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)來說，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)因(yin)素就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)影響(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)它(ta)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)根據(ju)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)值計(ji)算(suan)類型(xing)和(he)模型(xing)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)進行分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)變(bian)更(geng)達到(dao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)適(shi)(shi)應新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)以(yi)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)減(jian)少對(dui)(dui)模型(xing)和(he)環(huan)境參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行要(yao)(yao)求，從(cong)而(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)通過(guo)提高電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平來提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)。(2)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)調節(jie)(jie)便(bian)利(li)。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調節(jie)(jie)上(shang)比(bi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)更(geng)加方(fang)便(bian)，只需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)相(xiang)關(guan)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行修(xiu)改(gai)，其就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)應當(dang)前(qian)發生過(guo)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境。而(er)(er)且人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作也(ye)比(bi)較簡單，只要(yao)(yao)將(jiang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)修(xiu)改(gai)后(hou)，就(jiu)算(suan)沒(mei)有人(ren)(ren)看管，其也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)當(dang)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，并做出合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判斷。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員可以(yi)根據(ju)實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況對(dui)(dui)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行適(shi)(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)改(gai)，修(xiu)改(gai)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)立即(ji)投入到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)，所(suo)以(yi)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較方(fang)便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。(3)有優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致性。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)針對(dui)(dui)某項特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行設(she)(she)計(ji)，雖然(ran)(ran)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模式有能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提高控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)平，但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)改(gai)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下就(jiu)沒(mei)有那么(me)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)平了(le)(le)(le)(le)。而(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)則不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，它(ta)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)任何(he)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)度基本一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致性。(4)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)減(jian)輕資源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)多(duo)方(fang)面設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)，但是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)設(she)(she)備(bei)又需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)相(xiang)關(guan)專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)員對(dui)(dui)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)設(she)(she)備(bei)進行看護(hu)管理(li)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)使(shi)得在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方(fang)面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)和(he)財力(li)(li)投入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)較大。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)則不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)么(me)多(duo)設(she)(she)備(bei)去配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)，從(cong)而(er)(er)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)么(me)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)和(he)物力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投入了(le)(le)(le)(le)，省去了(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)筆費用和(he)人(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)度上(shang)就(jiu)減(jian)輕了(le)(le)(le)(le)資源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)符合(he)(he)國(guo)家提倡企業在(zai)(zai)生產過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色環(huan)保以(yi)及節(jie)(jie)儉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念。(5)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差小(xiao)。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)各(ge)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)也(ye)多(duo)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)方(fang)面有一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面出現(xian)問題就(jiu)會(hui)影響(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確度，所(suo)以(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容易出現(xian)誤(wu)差。然(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)，外界(jie)因(yin)素對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大，而(er)(er)且它(ta)對(dui)(dui)各(ge)種環(huan)境有很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)應能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。所(suo)以(yi)理(li)論上(shang)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)沒(mei)有什么(me)干擾項，對(dui)(dui)其設(she)(she)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)發生改(gai)變(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)保證了(le)(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)產生誤(wu)差。

三、人工智能在電氣工程自(zi)動化(hua)中的運用

(1)在(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)不(bu)單單是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)運(yun)(yun)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)涉及了(le)(le)(le)多方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關于電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識，在(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)這(zhe)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時，由于傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)是(shi)(shi)由人(ren)(ren)(ren)來設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)繁雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)難免會(hui)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差產(chan)生。而(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)計(ji)算機對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)儲存和(he)計(ji)算的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公示方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)也(ye)更(geng)加準(zhun)確(que)，計(ji)算結果也(ye)更(geng)加精確(que)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上(shang)避(bi)免了(le)(le)(le)誤(wu)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生。(2)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)會(hui)應用(yong)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，這(zhe)不(bu)但(dan)可以(yi)(yi)減少(shao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本，還能(neng)(neng)提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)效(xiao)率。因(yin)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)(li)和(he)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)變(bian)化(hua)所(suo)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響上(shang)有很(hen)(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)如果將人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)投入到自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)去使用(yong)，將會(hui)大大提高自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)一(yi)般(ban)會(hui)有模(mo)糊控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、專(zhuan)家系(xi)(xi)統(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、神經網(wang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)這(zhe)三種(zhong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于這(zhe)三種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，各(ge)有各(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點與(yu)缺點。由于模(mo)糊控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)它操作(zuo)(zuo)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)簡單，便(bian)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)操作(zuo)(zuo)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)般(ban)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)模(mo)糊控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。(3)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)故障(zhang)(zhang)診斷(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)之間(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)配合才能(neng)(neng)推動(dong)(dong)整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)展，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)任何(he)一(yi)個(ge)環(huan)(huan)節出(chu)現問題都(dou)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)診斷(duan)并修(xiu)理(li)(li)(li)。傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)診斷(duan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法有兩(liang)大方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，由于需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)變(bian)壓(ya)器油(you)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)分析，然后斷(duan)定(ding)故障(zhang)(zhang)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)，這(zhe)樣就(jiu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)很(hen)(hen)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)，并且難度(du)也(ye)很(hen)(hen)大。另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分析、處理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)員守在(zai)(zai)機器旁，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)力(li)大。如果在(zai)(zai)故障(zhang)(zhang)診斷(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加入了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技術，利用(yong)計(ji)算機對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)處理(li)(li)(li)，不(bu)但(dan)減少(shao)診斷(duan)時間(jian)(jian)，減輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)力(li)，診斷(duan)還更(geng)加準(zhun)確(que)，從而(er)提高了(le)(le)(le)生產(chan)效(xiao)率。(4)在(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)夠表(biao)現各(ge)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)情況，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過利用(yong)計(ji)算機對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各(ge)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)記錄和(he)處理(li)(li)(li)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)能(neng)(neng)夠滿足這(zhe)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求。當技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)員需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，通(tong)過人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)很(hen)(hen)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)查(cha)看到各(ge)種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)。

摘要：人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該不斷變革(ge)(ge)以(yi)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)代對于(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育是挑戰也是機(ji)遇，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)并不能(neng)(neng)完全取代法(fa)律人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律職業，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)律人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)職業的(de)(de)(de)挑戰應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該注(zhu)重法(fa)律人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)法(fa)律素養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)。法(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)積極(ji)擁抱人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)科(ke)技帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)遇，變革(ge)(ge)法(fa)律人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)法(fa)律素養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)方式，積極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)律教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)中，加強人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)與法(fa)學(xue)(xue)融合(he)的(de)(de)(de)課程建設，注(zhu)重人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)學(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用教(jiao)育，明確主次(ci)地(di)位并在法(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育中不斷進(jin)行價值糾偏，以(yi)契合(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)代社會轉型的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育需(xu)求，培(pei)養(yang)(yang)出(chu)具有較高法(fa)律素養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)代法(fa)治人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才。

關鍵詞：人工智能；法(fa)學教育；教育改(gai)革；法(fa)律(lv)素養(yang)；法(fa)律(lv)職業

人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類科技發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)一定(ding)層次(ci)孕育(yu)(yu)而生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)物，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)利用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)來(lai)(lai)解決(jue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效率(lv)及(ji)(ji)效益問題(ti)有很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助(zhu)，但是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)其他重(zhong)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新興事(shi)(shi)物一樣(yang)給人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)觀念和(he)(he)認知(zhi)上沖(chong)擊，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)應，這種不可(ke)逆(ni)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)形，需(xu)要人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類在運用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)中不斷(duan)升級對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)，做(zuo)好風險的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防范和(he)(he)即將到(dao)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)以理(li)性、邏輯與注(zhu)重(zhong)現實存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)密切相(xiang)關，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)應該對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類社(she)(she)會中出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視(shi)角(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)應，“法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點決(jue)定(ding)著(zhu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)應該如(ru)何(he)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)①”，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)中對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培養應該契合(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)提出了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)在回(hui)應這些問題(ti)時(shi)(shi)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)僅(jin)僅(jin)停留在事(shi)(shi)物認知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面，諸如(ru)只言及(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會取代(dai)(dai)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律從業者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)及(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律就業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困境，但是(shi)(shi)卻沒有根據人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階段來(lai)(lai)深入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)哪些工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因，以及(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在什(shen)么階段可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)形成全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊等。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)適用程度(du)決(jue)定(ding)了人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)，決(jue)定(ding)了法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律職業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前景與生(sheng)命，更(geng)決(jue)定(ding)了人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)變革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向與進(jin)(jin)路(lu)。

一、人工智能特點的(de)認知(zhi)和對(dui)法學(xue)教(jiao)育的(de)沖擊與(yu)思(si)考

1.人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：以“意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)”為(wei)(wei)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開核心人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)義(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)很(hen)多種表(biao)(biao)達，如(ru)“用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)器來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)承擔通常需(xu)(xu)要(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動，運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)探(tan)索(suo)(suo)和(he)(he)模(mo)擬(ni)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺(jue)及思(si)維過(guo)程(cheng)規律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一門(men)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)①”；“亦稱人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)。計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)系統具有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習、推(tui)理(li)(li)(li)判斷、解(jie)決問(wen)題、記憶知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)了(le)(le)解(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)語(yu)言的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。②”；“探(tan)索(suo)(suo)和(he)(he)模(mo)擬(ni)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺(jue)和(he)(he)思(si)維過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，進(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)設計(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)似人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某些智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)動機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)③”；“利用(yong)(yong)電腦模(mo)擬(ni)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一門(men)新興學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，是(shi)(shi)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)支(zhi)之一。它可(ke)(ke)以代(dai)替(ti)(ti)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)某些操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)，從事科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)活(huo)動或執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)任務(wu)④”。顯然(ran)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)義(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)描述(shu)，迄今(jin)為(wei)(wei)止在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領域(yu)(yu)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)沒有(you)(you)一個(ge)被(bei)(bei)廣(guang)泛接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)義(yi)(yi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困難(nan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)述(shu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”一詞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)解(jie)上(shang)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)偏(pian)差⑤。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)值得注意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)解(jie)將其限(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”、“科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)”、“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力”上(shang)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)解(jie)釋人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)未(wei)超出(chu)(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)度(du)(du)，以人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)視角來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)觀(guan)察人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)現(xian)(xian)階段(duan)所(suo)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)相(xiang)(xiang)關，隨(sui)著(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)化對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)帶來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊。以人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)凝結的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)物(wu)，與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)主(zhu)體(ti)之間存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)鴻溝，那(nei)就是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具備(bei)其“獨立(li)(li)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)”。正如(ru)很(hen)多學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)具有(you)(you)威(wei)脅和(he)(he)挑戰⑥，可(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)按照目前(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)看，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威(wei)脅論被(bei)(bei)夸大了(le)(le)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“奇點”并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)沒有(you)(you)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)臨⑦。“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)還有(you)(you)最后一道防線——自(zi)(zi)我意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)。現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系統都(dou)(dou)沒有(you)(you)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)，一切都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)按照程(cheng)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安排，因此對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危險不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)擔憂(you)。⑧”，“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)要(yao)想(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)反(fan)叛，首先就必須獲得能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠理(li)(li)(li)解(jie)什(shen)么是(shi)(shi)“反(fan)叛”并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)把人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)體(ti)自(zi)(zi)身與作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)控制者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)區分(fen)開來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立(li)(li)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)①”，顯然(ran)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)暫時(shi)做(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)賦(fu)予人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)“意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，畢竟人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)自(zi)(zi)身意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也有(you)(you)局(ju)限(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)②，再者(zhe)(zhe)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)及對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)事物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恐懼，從而(er)(er)(er)(er)放大了(le)(le)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)威(wei)脅論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渲染，在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)形式上(shang)采取(qu)(qu)保(bao)守(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度(du)(du)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，反(fan)映到(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狹隘被(bei)(bei)延長，影響人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)文(wen)明水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)一步提高(gao)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)果不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究和(he)(he)了(le)(le)解(jie)，更(geng)(geng)加不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)具有(you)(you)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)話的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)已融入人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)中(zhong)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)聯系比較緊(jin)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，應(ying)(ying)該積極擁(yong)抱人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，加強在(zai)(zai)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教育(yu)(yu)領域(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以便于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)代(dai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)更(geng)(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秩序運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，提供人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)代(dai)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秩序選擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最優方案(an)。2.人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)具有(you)(you)探(tan)索(suo)(suo)與模(mo)擬(ni)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺(jue)及思(si)維過(guo)程(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)此基礎上(shang)可(ke)(ke)以進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習、推(tui)理(li)(li)(li)判斷，進(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)解(jie)決問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擬(ni)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)誕生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)衷是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)服務(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，提高(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率，以便人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)獲得更(geng)(geng)高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)平(ping)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擬(ni)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)到(dao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)領域(yu)(yu)里，可(ke)(ke)以運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)海(hai)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)數據來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)幫(bang)助人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)帶來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)市場對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)需(xu)(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)變，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)太多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)(ke)以由人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)選擇(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力成本(ben)更(geng)(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，這樣必然(ran)導致(zhi)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失業(ye)(ye)，如(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)(ke)以進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)檢索(suo)(suo)與咨詢，幫(bang)助法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)從業(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)案(an)件預測(ce)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)輔助量(liang)刑，同時(shi)參與合同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起草與審查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)③。美國(guo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)一次調(diao)查中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)未(wei)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10到(dao)20年較短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間內，有(you)(you)47%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)種類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)被(bei)(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)風險類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)別里，而(er)(er)(er)(er)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師助理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)助理(li)(li)(li)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師在(zai)(zai)被(bei)(bei)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)風險類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)別里面（可(ke)(ke)以被(bei)(bei)自(zi)(zi)動化完(wan)(wan)(wan)全(quan)取(qu)(qu)代(dai)），而(er)(er)(er)(er)依(yi)賴律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師助理(li)(li)(li)或者(zhe)(zhe)助理(li)(li)(li)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師因為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)創造性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)瓶頸(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)完(wan)(wan)(wan)全(quan)取(qu)(qu)代(dai)④。鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具備(bei)完(wan)(wan)(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)之間存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)一個(ge)巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“鴻溝”——獨立(li)(li)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)代(dai)替(ti)(ti)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、立(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)與執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，故而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)被(bei)(bei)完(wan)(wan)(wan)全(quan)取(qu)(qu)代(dai)。設想(xiang)(xiang)如(ru)果人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)將來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一天，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)突破了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桎梏而(er)(er)(er)(er)孕育(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)“獨立(li)(li)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)”，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)也在(zai)(zai)提高(gao)，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)獲得更(geng)(geng)高(gao)層次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)素養(yang)(yang)，相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)遜色。“法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使命(ming)(ming)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)改(gai)(gai)善對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)正義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)⑤”，細化來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)說就是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)正義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅守(shou)、改(gai)(gai)善和(he)(he)提升，那(nei)么法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)使命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)就需(xu)(xu)要(yao)大量(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)從業(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)具有(you)(you)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)素養(yang)(yang)。面對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變革方向應(ying)(ying)該是(shi)(shi)更(geng)(geng)加注重法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)素養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)，畢竟相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)說其在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具有(you)(you)“意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)素養(yang)(yang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)活(huo)動中(zhong)具有(you)(you)創新性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，自(zi)(zi)然(ran)難(nan)以實(shi)現(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)所(suo)承載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使命(ming)(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)完(wan)(wan)(wan)全(quan)取(qu)(qu)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

二、人工智能時代法(fa)(fa)律素(su)養的培養與法(fa)(fa)學教(jiao)育的改(gai)革(ge)

2017年(nian)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能發展的(de)(de)(de)“元年(nian)”，全球人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能應用(yong)(yong)進入(ru)勃發期。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)最(zui)直觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現就是(shi)(shi)各種類型、不同功(gong)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。從2015年(nian)7月(yue)德(de)國(guo)大(da)眾(zhong)汽(qi)車制造廠“機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)殺人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”事件(jian)到2016年(nian)2月(yue)美國(guo)加(jia)州山景城Google無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛汽(qi)車車禍事件(jian)，從2017年(nian)沙特阿拉伯王國(guo)賦(fu)予(yu)機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)索菲亞國(guo)籍和公民身份(fen)到美國(guo)加(jia)州研制的(de)(de)(de)第一代女機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)Harmony，還有IBM首個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能律(lv)師Ross、英國(guo)機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)律(lv)師Donot-pay的(de)(de)(de)問世，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)學習能力、情感(gan)交流功(gong)能越(yue)來越(yue)強，尤其是(shi)(shi)AlphaGo大(da)勝人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類圍(wei)棋頂級賽手事件(jian)更是(shi)(shi)引發全球關(guan)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能超越(yue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類智慧的(de)(de)(de)大(da)討(tao)論。美國(guo)作為(wei)(wei)AL技術的(de)(de)(de)領頭羊，已經(jing)開(kai)發出了世界上(shang)第一款(kuan)機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。關(guan)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)爭(zheng)論，要解決的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)基礎問題是(shi)(shi)民法問題，集中體現在人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)地位、行為(wei)(wei)性質(zhi)、責任歸屬等方面。

一(yi)、人工智能的(de)法律地位

人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)法(fa)問題(ti)，首先體(ti)現在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)民(min)事(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)身份上。即(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)法(fa)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”，到底(di)應該(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)客體(ti)?這是(shi)(shi)(shi)探討(tao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)民(min)法(fa)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)雖然(ran)(ran)具(ju)備經人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦編程(cheng)、模擬(ni)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦部分功能(neng)、得輔(fu)助(zhu)或代替人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦處(chu)理事(shi)(shi)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征，但如(ru)(ru)果我們也如(ru)(ru)沙(sha)特阿拉伯般賦予(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)公(gong)民(min)身份，那么(me)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，“他(她)”就(jiu)應該(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)所其(qi)(qi)實(shi)(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一切行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)后(hou)果承擔(dan)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)責(ze)任(ren)。如(ru)(ru)果人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)具(ju)備主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)資(zi)格，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)物，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)就(jiu)應該(gai)視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)計者或控制者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)AlphaGo一樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高端(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)又(you)確(que)實(shi)(shi)具(ju)備了一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)習能(neng)力，其(qi)(qi)下棋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)完全自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)而為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，這種(zhong)情形又(you)應當如(ru)(ru)何解(jie)釋、如(ru)(ru)果納(na)入民(min)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)約束(shu)范圍?有(you)學(xue)者還(huan)曾(ceng)提出(chu)第三種(zhong)方案(an)，擬(ni)將人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)設(she)置(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具(ju)有(you)類(lei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“電子(zi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(Electronicpersons)，2016年(nian)歐盟(meng)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)事(shi)(shi)務(wu)委員會也曾(ceng)有(you)此動(dong)議，但支持者并(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)占多數。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)研發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初衷和(he)應用目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于“讓機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)從事(shi)(shi)需要(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作”。從當前人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研發應用實(shi)(shi)踐來(lai)看，高端(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)力并(bing)(bing)未超出(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)智(zhi)(zhi)慧水準(zhun)，其(qi)(qi)雖具(ju)備獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息識(shi)別、處(chu)理能(neng)力，甚至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)我意識(shi)、自(zi)我表達和(he)自(zi)學(xue)能(neng)力，能(neng)夠從事(shi)(shi)語音翻譯、交通(tong)指(zhi)揮、身份識(shi)別、客服接待、案(an)件分析等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，但從根(gen)本看人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)受其(qi)(qi)自(zi)身算法(fa)決定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，并(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)獨(du)立地(di)具(ju)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)思考能(neng)力和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)，更不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)享有(you)權利、履(lv)行(xing)義(yi)務(wu)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)既不(bu)(bu)像自(zi)然(ran)(ran)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一般以出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)死亡(wang)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志，又(you)不(bu)(bu)具(ju)備法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)擬(ni)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)當然(ran)(ran)不(bu)(bu)具(ju)備獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現未對(dui)傳統(tong)民(min)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)關系(xi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)顛覆性(xing)改變。可以說，從產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之初人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客體(ti)———“物”而存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，當然(ran)(ran)不(bu)(bu)具(ju)備民(min)事(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)資(zi)格。

二、人工智(zhi)能的侵權責(ze)任

2016年(nian)11月在(zai)深圳曾發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)小(xiao)胖“暴(bao)走(zou)”并打(da)砸玻璃致人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受(shou)傷(shang)、2015年(nian)德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大眾汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)廠“機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)、2016年(nian)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)加州(zhou)Google無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)與大巴相撞事(shi)(shi)(shi)故、乃至2018年(nian)3月美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)亞利桑那州(zhou)UBER無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)測試時(shi)撞死行(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)案(an)件(jian)，它們(men)所印發的(de)(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)和(he)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承擔一(yi)(yi)直受(shou)到(dao)學界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)關注。在(zai)確定(ding)(ding)了人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)“物(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)法(fa)(fa)屬性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，關于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)財產(chan)(chan)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)損害，自應該按照(zhao)《民(min)法(fa)(fa)總則(ze)》、《侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)法(fa)(fa)》、《產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)法(fa)(fa)》、《合同(tong)法(fa)(fa)》等(deng)(deng)確定(ding)(ding)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)管(guan)理者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。即(ji)使是(shi)(shi)具備一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自主(zhu)學習(xi)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)“強人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”，其(qi)本質上(shang)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)間輔助流水作(zuo)業、服務(wu)(wu)于(yu)家務(wu)(wu)清潔的(de)(de)(de)(de)“掃地機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”等(deng)(deng)弱人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)無(wu)(wu)異，都是(shi)(shi)依照(zhao)實(shi)現設定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)序(xu)進行(xing)作(zuo)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)“物(wu)”。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)作(zuo)業過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)案(an)件(jian)多(duo)出自于(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)管(guan)理者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)不(bu)當或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)瑕(xia)疵(ci)、程(cheng)序(xu)錯誤，依照(zhao)《產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)法(fa)(fa)》、《合同(tong)法(fa)(fa)》等(deng)(deng)規定(ding)(ding)和(he)過(guo)錯責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)原則(ze)，相應追(zhui)究產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)、銷售者(zhe)(zhe)、管(guan)理者(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)運輸者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)即(ji)可。關于(yu)無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，其(qi)本質上(shang)還是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)輪(lun)式(shi)移(yi)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原理主(zhu)要還是(shi)(shi)依靠精密的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)載(zai)雷達系(xi)統、激光測距儀、傳感器(qi)、視頻攝像(xiang)等(deng)(deng)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)運作(zuo)。無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)是(shi)(shi)物(wu)，無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)即(ji)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)+車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)”模(mo)(mo)式(shi)下(xia)(xia)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故與司機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)手動駕駛(shi)(shi)即(ji)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)+車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)”模(mo)(mo)式(shi)下(xia)(xia)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故在(zai)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類型上(shang)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)差異。即(ji)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)+車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)”模(mo)(mo)式(shi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)交(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故兼有(you)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)道(dao)路交(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)兩種(zhong)屬性(xing)，并產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)競合。依據《道(dao)路交(jiao)通(tong)安全(quan)法(fa)(fa)》、《侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)法(fa)(fa)》、《產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)法(fa)(fa)》、《消(xiao)費者(zhe)(zhe)權(quan)(quan)益保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)(fa)》等(deng)(deng)法(fa)(fa)規和(he)對侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)行(xing)為因果(guo)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)判斷，(1)如(ru)果(guo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故完全(quan)歸(gui)責(ze)(ze)于(yu)無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)設計、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)缺陷，則(ze)依照(zhao)《產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)法(fa)(fa)》、《消(xiao)費者(zhe)(zhe)權(quan)(quan)益保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)(fa)》等(deng)(deng)追(zhui)究產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)設計者(zhe)(zhe)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)、銷售者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)償責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。(2)如(ru)果(guo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故完全(quan)歸(gui)責(ze)(ze)于(yu)駕駛(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)不(bu)當、排除(chu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，則(ze)應依《道(dao)路交(jiao)通(tong)安全(quan)法(fa)(fa)》、《侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)法(fa)(fa)》由駕駛(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承擔侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)賠(pei)償責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。針對實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)述新型人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)，各國(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)在(zai)不(bu)斷探索更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規制措施(shi)，值得(de)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)借鑒。如(ru)2016年(nian)《德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)路交(jiao)通(tong)條(tiao)例(li)》啟動立(li)法(fa)(fa)修正(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，針對無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)額操(cao)作(zuo)，擬增加規定(ding)(ding)“汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)廠商(shang)必須在(zai)無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)中(zhong)(zhong)安裝黑匣子”等(deng)(deng)內(nei)容。2018年(nian)5月正(zheng)式(shi)實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歐盟《一(yi)(yi)般個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數據保(bao)護(hu)條(tiao)例(li)》也(ye)對人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)背景下(xia)(xia)數據主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)利進行(xing)了擴展，以在(zai)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)保(bao)護(hu)措施(shi)上(shang)更加充分。

三(san)、人(ren)工智能與個(ge)人(ren)信(xin)息保護

［提(ti)要］法律主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)應當具備類(lei)人(ren)的(de)(de)自我意志、自律性等主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)性要素。人(ren)工智(zhi)能的(de)(de)發展也許會(hui)無(wu)限的(de)(de)類(lei)人(ren)化(hua)，但是并(bing)不能達(da)到復刻人(ren)類(lei)必備特質程度。盲(mang)目將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)納入(ru)法律主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)范圍，無(wu)疑(yi)會(hui)對整個法秩(zhi)序產生(sheng)“質變”影響。時下，對人(ren)工智(zhi)能體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)風(feng)險防范應主(zhu)要致力于如何確保(bao)其(qi)(qi)未來發展的(de)(de)“可控性”，亦或(huo)尋求(qiu)人(ren)工智(zhi)能納入(ru)法律客觀范圍等其(qi)(qi)他(ta)解決路徑。

關鍵詞：人工智(zhi)能；法(fa)律主(zhu)體；自(zi)主(zhu)意(yi)識

一、問題的提出

隨(sui)著國家綜合國力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，科技水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅猛發(fa)展，與此同(tong)時也(ye)(ye)伴(ban)隨(sui)著一(yi)些(xie)憂(you)慮。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)否可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類可控環境下逐步(bu)實(shi)(shi)現技術飛躍仍(reng)然是(shi)一(yi)個未知問(wen)(wen)題。庫茲(zi)韋爾在(zai)(zai)其奇點理論中(zhong)提到(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某個時刻極大(da)可能(neng)(neng)出(chu)現發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不可控性，并預測(ce)在(zai)(zai)2045年，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)將(jiang)超越人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)。這(zhe)種猜測(ce)在(zai)(zai)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)領(ling)域也(ye)(ye)有折射。但在(zai)(zai)某種意義(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)說，此舉也(ye)(ye)確實(shi)(shi)將(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)主(zhu)體(ti)資格這(zhe)一(yi)問(wen)(wen)題擺在(zai)(zai)了人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)面前。我們(men)首先需要明確，法(fa)(fa)律(lv)主(zhu)體(ti)即(ji)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍內(nei)從事社會(hui)(hui)各(ge)項活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，是(shi)以(yi)馬克思主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)哲(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)為基礎認知。可以(yi)進一(yi)步(bu)理解為，法(fa)(fa)律(lv)層面上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)即(ji)為哲(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)層面上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)，因而(er)(er)所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)是(shi)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)主(zhu)體(ti)，也(ye)(ye)是(shi)哲(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)層面上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)。一(yi)個自(zi)(zi)然人(ren)(ren)(ren)從出(chu)生(sheng)到(dao)(dao)死(si)亡都(dou)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)社會(hui)(hui)這(zhe)個大(da)家庭中(zhong)生(sheng)活，自(zi)(zi)始至終是(shi)以(yi)一(yi)個社會(hui)(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)色生(sheng)活著。而(er)(er)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)作為社會(hui)(hui)生(sheng)活各(ge)方(fang)各(ge)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“潤滑劑”，使得所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)以(yi)社會(hui)(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身份生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，還必須成為法(fa)(fa)律(lv)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，即(ji)作為法(fa)(fa)律(lv)主(zhu)體(ti)而(er)(er)存在(zai)(zai)。既(ji)然如此，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)否和應否作為社會(hui)(hui)甚至是(shi)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)意義(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)”還有進一(yi)步(bu)探(tan)討(tao)，不能(neng)(neng)一(yi)概而(er)(er)論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賦(fu)予(yu)其與人(ren)(ren)(ren)類享(xiang)有同(tong)等地位。

二、法律主體的標準

（一(yi)(yi)）法(fa)(fa)(fa)律主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)學意義定(ding)位。法(fa)(fa)(fa)律主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)即(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律意義上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)馬克思主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義哲(zhe)學為(wei)(wei)基礎認知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)此基礎上(shang)(shang)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)即(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)即(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，兩者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)間是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以(yi)畫等號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。作為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)要(yao)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)三(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)條件(jian)：（1）能(neng)(neng)(neng)掌(zhang)控自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命活動；（2）能(neng)(neng)(neng)左右外(wai)部世界；（3）可(ke)以(yi)控制自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)欲望。上(shang)(shang)述(shu)三(san)(san)點都說(shuo)明一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)特(te)性(xing)(xing)，即(ji)(ji)(ji)意志。由此可(ke)以(yi)看出(chu)(chu)(chu)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)(ben)身就(jiu)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)意志存在(zai)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而同(tong)(tong)時(shi)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)這三(san)(san)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)(ju)有(you)意志的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)也(ye)就(jiu)只有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)了(le)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)很(hen)難(nan)(nan)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)做到這三(san)(san)點。意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從哲(zhe)學觀念出(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)。馬克思在(zai)研究物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)時(shi)曾得(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)：“觀念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西(xi)不(bu)外(wai)乎是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)移(yi)入(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭腦并(bing)在(zai)頭腦中(zhong)改造過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西(xi)”，物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起源，意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)客觀世界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觀反映，而人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)載體(ti)(ti)(ti)。如果脫離人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類將(jiang)無法(fa)(fa)(fa)認知(zhi)世界，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)也(ye)就(jiu)沒有(you)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)形(xing)成(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觀意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。另(ling)外(wai)，意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)征還(huan)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)“意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到必須(xu)和(he)周邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)來往”，如果不(bu)與(yu)周圍(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)來往，那么他(ta)脫離了(le)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)關系(xi)，即(ji)(ji)(ji)使他(ta)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理機(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，也(ye)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)動是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)來決定(ding)，因而社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總和(he)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)性(xing)(xing)構(gou)成(cheng)，在(zai)某種程度上(shang)(shang)，社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)性(xing)(xing)表現在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)動上(shang)(shang)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)勞動獲得(de)(de)自我(wo)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需(xu)求(qiu)、精神需(xu)求(qiu)，與(yu)此同(tong)(tong)時(shi)還(huan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需(xu)求(qiu)，并(bing)獲得(de)(de)自我(wo)價值。根據以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)要(yao)想擁有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)，應具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)載體(ti)(ti)(ti)，即(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦結(jie)構(gou)高度相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦仿真；第(di)(di)二(er)，存在(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)關系(xi)，而事實上(shang)(shang)，科學技(ji)術發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)限性(xing)(xing)及人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)腦結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)(xing)決定(ding)了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)無法(fa)(fa)(fa)克隆(long)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類完全一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大腦，且(qie)仍(reng)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)適應社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。另(ling)外(wai)，從人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗與(yu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)角(jiao)度來看，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)仍(reng)有(you)差別。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗具(ju)(ju)有(you)獨特(te)性(xing)(xing)和(he)差異(yi)性(xing)(xing)。每個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)歷各(ge)不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。因此，他(ta)們(men)對(dui)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)件(jian)事結(jie)合個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗、常識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、直覺等很(hen)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看法(fa)(fa)(fa)或者(zhe)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理方(fang)式(shi)。而這一(yi)(yi)點恰恰是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)強人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)無法(fa)(fa)(fa)模擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)算法(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)現存信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提取、剖析和(he)分(fen)類是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)做出(chu)(chu)(chu)判斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。然(ran)而，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)大量常識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)(xing)分(fen)析人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)所面(mian)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)像人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)大數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剖析、提取所得(de)(de)。第(di)(di)二(er)，強人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)擁有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)EQ與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類有(you)較大差距。強人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)所能(neng)(neng)(neng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“喜怒哀樂(le)”仍(reng)然(ran)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析和(he)處(chu)理。即(ji)(ji)(ji)使將(jiang)來真正出(chu)(chu)(chu)現“情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”，這種“情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)”仍(reng)然(ran)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)造情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)”，與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)緒世界截然(ran)相(xiang)(xiang)反。明斯(si)基曾指出(chu)(chu)(chu)：智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)與(yu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)、直覺和(he)感(gan)(gan)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，只不(bu)過(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種思維方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。理智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后于(yu)(yu)(yu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)而產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，而人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)只具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)很(hen)難(nan)(nan)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)，因此不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真正意義上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗和(he)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)可(ke)復(fu)制性(xing)(xing)也(ye)決定(ding)了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類那樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

隨著(zhu)國內新(xin)基(ji)(ji)建時代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)到(dao)來，人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)必將迎來飛速發(fa)展，會(hui)計(ji)行(xing)業(ye)雖(sui)然屬于傳(chuan)統行(xing)業(ye)，但由(you)于工(gong)作性質和(he)特點，基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)會(hui)計(ji)崗(gang)位必然被人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)大(da)量(liang)取代(dai)(dai)，會(hui)計(ji)教(jiao)育(yu)如何(he)改(gai)革(ge)以(yi)培養(yang)適合新(xin)基(ji)(ji)建時代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)會(hui)計(ji)人(ren)才(cai)，是(shi)眾多會(hui)計(ji)教(jiao)育(yu)者共(gong)同關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)問題，也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)此(ci)展開(kai)積極地(di)研究(jiu)與(yu)探索。面(mian)對(dui)(dui)撲面(mian)而來的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)大(da)潮，高校(xiao)需(xu)要(yao)轉變教(jiao)育(yu)理念，加強師資隊伍建設(she)，促進(jin)(jin)學生理論知識與(yu)實踐經(jing)驗深度融(rong)合，培養(yang)社企(qi)需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)復合型會(hui)計(ji)人(ren)才(cai)。因(yin)此(ci)，本文著(zhu)重對(dui)(dui)新(xin)基(ji)(ji)建時代(dai)(dai)人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)高速發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)背景下，高校(xiao)會(hui)計(ji)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)實踐教(jiao)學改(gai)革(ge)遇(yu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)問題和(he)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)策略進(jin)(jin)行(xing)初(chu)步探究(jiu)。

一、人工智(zhi)能會計的(de)發展歷程

（一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)）人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。1941年(nian)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)界上(shang)(shang)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臺計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現，為(wei)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)供了(le)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎；1950年(nian)，圖靈在(zai)(zai)(zai)《計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)器(qi)與(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)》書中(zhong)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)機(ji)械化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)性(xing)(xing)；1955年(nian)，Newell和Simon制作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“邏輯專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)”程(cheng)序，被公認為(wei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界上(shang)(shang)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)程(cheng)序；1956年(nian)，“AI”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)詞(ci)首(shou)次在(zai)(zai)(zai)Dartmouth學會(hui)上(shang)(shang)提(ti)出(chu)，這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)領(ling)域也(ye)被正式命名為(wei)“人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)搜索法和邏輯法，初期(qi)搜索主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)于機(ji)器(qi)翻譯、定(ding)理證(zheng)明、跳棋(qi)程(cheng)序等，1959年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跳棋(qi)程(cheng)序已經(jing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠擊(ji)敗(bai)人(ren)(ren)類最優(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棋(qi)手，而機(ji)器(qi)翻譯至(zhi)今依然(ran)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主要(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)領(ling)域之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)；1966年(nian)，斯坦福研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)(suo)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)了(le)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠根(gen)據環(huan)境來(lai)自我(wo)判斷(duan)移動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)；20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)70年(nian)代(dai)，知(zhi)識專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)等系統迅猛發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)并被應用(yong)(yong)于各(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)領(ling)域，創造(zao)了(le)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益；20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)80年(nian)代(dai)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進入(ru)了(le)以知(zhi)識為(wei)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階段；20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)90年(nian)代(dai)，隨著互(hu)聯網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)由主要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)過渡到(dao)了(le)基(ji)于網(wang)絡發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布式人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)研(yan)究(jiu)，逐漸與(yu)數(shu)據庫、多(duo)媒(mei)體等主流技術相融合，變得更(geng)(geng)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)化與(yu)生活化；1997年(nian)“深(shen)藍”擊(ji)敗(bai)國際象棋(qi)冠軍卡斯帕(pa)羅夫，2016年(nian)“AlphaGo”擊(ji)敗(bai)圍棋(qi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界冠軍李(li)世(shi)(shi)(shi)石均是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志(zhi)性(xing)(xing)事件(jian)。到(dao)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)為(wei)止，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)已經(jing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)為(wei)怎(zen)(zen)樣(yang)表示知(zhi)識、怎(zen)(zen)么獲得并使(shi)用(yong)(yong)知(zhi)識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學科(ke)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)如(ru)何通過計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)去(qu)做只有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學科(ke)。（二）新基(ji)建(jian)時代(dai)下人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)計(ji)教育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)。會(hui)計(ji)行(xing)業(ye)未來(lai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)背景(jing)下從會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)算(suan)角(jiao)度來(lai)說(shuo)，首(shou)先不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)脫離會(hui)計(ji)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)性(xing)(xing)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)基(ji)于會(hui)計(ji)準則記賬(zhang)(zhang)。基(ji)于會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)算(suan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)通用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)，比如(ru)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項費用(yong)(yong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)公司(si)(si)(si)記賬(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，反映(ying)到(dao)報表項目(mu)(mu)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但針對(dui)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)公司(si)(si)(si)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可替代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。例(li)如(ru)房地產開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)公司(si)(si)(si)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)更(geng)(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二級科(ke)目(mu)(mu)核(he)(he)算(suan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)更(geng)(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類，比如(ru)建(jian)工(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、土地成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)等，而廣告公司(si)(si)(si)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)按每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)客戶(hu)核(he)(he)算(suan)毛利，首(shou)先就(jiu)有(you)(you)增加按客戶(hu)輔助(zhu)核(he)(he)算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同特(te)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)進行(xing)事前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)設(she)置。所(suo)(suo)以在(zai)(zai)(zai)機(ji)器(qi)記賬(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)前(qian)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠去(qu)定(ding)義軟件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)目(mu)(mu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)模板或者幾個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)模板可以通用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同行(xing)業(ye)。原因是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)場景(jing)下，每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)公司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沒有(you)(you)那(nei)么高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，而有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公司(si)(si)(si)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)通過會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)算(suan)實(shi)現管理數(shu)據需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。所(suo)(suo)以高校培(pei)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新興會(hui)計(ji)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)復合型會(hui)計(ji)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)，要(yao)(yao)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)多(duo)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，比如(ru)數(shu)據分(fen)析(xi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)、交流談(tan)判能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)、跨領(ling)域信(xin)息處理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)等，確保他們在(zai)(zai)(zai)社(she)會(hui)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值。

二、新基建時(shi)代下人(ren)工智(zhi)能對會計(ji)行(xing)業及高校會計(ji)教(jiao)育帶來的影響(xiang)

財(cai)(cai)務(wu)機器人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師事務(wu)所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用，標(biao)志著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)已經開始滲(shen)透進了(le)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)領域(yu)。由(you)于會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)事務(wu)里包(bao)含了(le)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重復性、標(biao)準性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，所以(yi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行業(ye)受到人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)也是十分強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)從(cong)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)路在哪里，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)在未來(lai)(lai)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)具備怎(zen)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)(zhi)與能(neng)(neng)力才(cai)不會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)被人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)所取代，如何培養(yang)這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)，這也是全體會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)職業(ye)教育者(zhe)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)思考(kao)和探索，并亟需(xu)解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。之所以(yi)說(shuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行業(ye)沖(chong)擊(ji)大(da)，一(yi)個關鍵(jian)原因就是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)了(le)傳統(tong)支(zhi)付方(fang)式(shi)如現(xian)金結算(suan)、支(zhi)票結算(suan)等(deng)，而被更(geng)快更(geng)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡(luo)支(zhi)付、網絡(luo)轉賬所替(ti)代，現(xian)金出(chu)納甚至(zhi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在未來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某天變(bian)(bian)為(wei)歷史(shi)，這對(dui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)崗位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)成是一(yi)項重大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)革。同時新基(ji)建時代下人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan)也推動了(le)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)云的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)，間接改(gai)變(bian)(bian)了(le)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)核算(suan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具，因此(ci)也需(xu)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)流程進行重塑；財(cai)(cai)務(wu)共享中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建立也使(shi)得傳統(tong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)從(cong)企(qi)業(ye)核算(suan)中(zhong)逐步(bu)脫離，也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)導致會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組織形式(shi)隨(sui)之改(gai)變(bian)(bian)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未來(lai)(lai)發(fa)展(zhan)帶來(lai)(lai)了(le)巨大(da)影響，也就意味(wei)著未來(lai)(lai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行業(ye)對(dui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)與之前不同：人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確、耐勞、高(gao)效能(neng)(neng)夠極(ji)大(da)提高(gao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率與會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)信息質(zhi)(zhi)量，基(ji)礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)核算(suan)崗位(wei)必然(ran)被不斷壓縮，企(qi)業(ye)對(dui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)數量與質(zhi)(zhi)量也相(xiang)應改(gai)變(bian)(bian)。高(gao)校(xiao)作(zuo)為(wei)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)陣地，也要(yao)(yao)隨(sui)之對(dui)教學模式(shi)、教學目標(biao)、教授課程等(deng)各方(fang)面(mian)進行改(gai)變(bian)(bian)，調(diao)整會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)模式(shi)，以(yi)適應社會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)對(dui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。

三、面向人(ren)工智能高校會計教育(yu)課程教學改革措施與實踐

摘要(yao)：人工智(zhi)能技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步和發(fa)展催(cui)生(sheng)了(le)第四次工業革命，極(ji)有可(ke)能導致全球(qiu)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)重構以及世界經(jing)(jing)濟貿易(yi)格(ge)局的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變。世界主要(yao)經(jing)(jing)濟強國(guo)將人工智(zhi)能技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展作(zuo)為產業競(jing)爭的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)優勢(shi)，由此可(ke)知，人工智(zhi)能技(ji)(ji)術(shu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性。本文從(cong)全球(qiu)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)視角出發(fa)，對(dui)人工智(zhi)能技(ji)(ji)術(shu)對(dui)國(guo)際貿易(yi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響進(jin)行研(yan)究(jiu)。在此基礎上提出科學合理的(de)(de)(de)人工智(zhi)能技(ji)(ji)術(shu)變革政策(ce)建(jian)議(yi)，希(xi)望本文的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)結果能夠為相關(guan)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展提供參考。

關鍵詞：人工智能技術；國際(ji)貿易；政策建議(yi)

人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)作為(wei)新(xin)(xin)一代科(ke)技革命(ming)的引領以(yi)及(ji)主(zhu)導(dao)。智(zhi)能(neng)將(jiang)革新(xin)(xin)技術生(sheng)產(chan)以(yi)及(ji)范式(shi)方式(shi)，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)數據資源等生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素，并使經(jing)濟中生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素的回報份額發生(sheng)改變，進(jin)而使各國(guo)比較優勢產(chan)生(sheng)變化，對國(guo)際貿易(yi)格(ge)局(ju)產(chan)生(sheng)影響。

一、人工智能技術變革對(dui)國(guo)際貿易產生的影響

（一）對國際貿易(yi)規模產生的影響(xiang)

近些年，人工智(zhi)能(neng)有(you)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟理論模型(xing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)數據(ju)(ju)庫得到(dao)了(le)完(wan)善和(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)，人工智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)檢驗對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響得到(dao)了(le)實(shi)證(zheng)研(yan)究(jiu)。人工技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)變革能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)提(ti)高。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)有(you)著十分(fen)(fen)緊密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)聯(lian)性。異質性企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易理論對(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)聯(lian)性進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)闡(chan)述，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)開拓市場(chang)(chang)固定成(cheng)(cheng)本，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)較(jiao)高能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)擴(kuo)大(da)國(guo)際市場(chang)(chang)規模。由此可知，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)為依據(ju)(ju)做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)決(jue)策，也就是(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)自我選擇效應(ying)。在研(yan)究(jiu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)二者之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)聯(lian)性時，引入了(le)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)間(jian)品(pin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)固定成(cheng)(cheng)本決(jue)策，得知企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)較(jiao)高，愿意支付進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)固定成(cheng)(cheng)本，對(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)間(jian)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投入組合進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)優化，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)得到(dao)提(ti)升(sheng)，并降低(di)(di)可變成(cheng)(cheng)本。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)上述可知，人工智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變革能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)擴(kuo)大(da)國(guo)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)規模。首先，人工智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)步能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)得到(dao)提(ti)升(sheng)，對(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，并且使(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)更多(duo)地(di)參與到(dao)全球價值(zhi)鏈競爭之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，對(dui)(dui)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易發(fa)展(zhan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)推動(dong)性。除(chu)此之(zhi)(zhi)外，自由貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)對(dui)(dui)資源進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)重(zhong)新配置，增加進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)種類能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)使(shi)市場(chang)(chang)競爭程(cheng)度得到(dao)提(ti)升(sheng)。受(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)干中(zhong)學(xue)效應(ying)影(ying)響，國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易極有(you)可能(neng)對(dui)(dui)人工技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)創新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)反向推動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)使(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)得到(dao)提(ti)升(sheng)。并形成(cheng)(cheng)良性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環。其(qi)次，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)有(you)效擴(kuo)大(da)國(guo)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)規模，并降低(di)(di)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固定成(cheng)(cheng)本。第一點，對(dui)(dui)智(zhi)能(neng)分(fen)(fen)析技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，將歷史客戶(hu)數據(ju)(ju)作(zuo)(zuo)為依據(ju)(ju)，對(dui)(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)客戶(hu)特征進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)挖掘，識別具有(you)成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)潛力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)客戶(hu)，采取(qu)智(zhi)能(neng)編輯內容、智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)站、智(zhi)能(neng)翻譯等(deng)科學(xue)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)對(dui)(dui)各個國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)推送具備個性化特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息，從而(er)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)自動(dong)營(ying)銷(xiao)，對(dui)(dui)營(ying)銷(xiao)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)營(ying)銷(xiao)精準度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，并降低(di)(di)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)成(cheng)(cheng)本。第二點，對(dui)(dui)物流(liu)大(da)數據(ju)(ju)、地(di)圖(tu)優化引擎(qing)、機(ji)器(qi)學(xue)習等(deng)科學(xue)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)應(ying)用(yong)，制定科學(xue)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配送方案，來減少物流(liu)運輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空載效率(lv)(lv)(lv)，避(bi)免(mian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)資源浪(lang)費(fei)，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)迂回運輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，有(you)效降低(di)(di)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)成(cheng)(cheng)本。第三點，對(dui)(dui)分(fen)(fen)揀(jian)、搬(ban)運、機(ji)器(qi)視覺監聽管理等(deng)科學(xue)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)應(ying)用(yong)，從而(er)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)自動(dong)化倉儲，使(shi)倉庫作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)得到(dao)提(ti)升(sheng)，并且采取(qu)大(da)數據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)需求(qiu)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)預測，避(bi)免(mian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)備貨量(liang)不足、庫存積壓等(deng)情(qing)(qing)況發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，有(you)效節約出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)成(cheng)(cheng)本。