路橋施工范文10篇
時間(jian):2024-02-25 12:51:34
導語:這里是公(gong)務員之家根據多年的(de)文(wen)秘(mi)經驗,為(wei)你(ni)推(tui)薦(jian)的(de)十篇路橋施工(gong)范文(wen),還(huan)可以(yi)咨詢(xun)客服(fu)老師獲(huo)取(qu)更(geng)多原(yuan)創文(wen)章,歡迎(ying)參考。
路橋施工接縫技術
在(zai)道路橋梁的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong),影響(xiang)路面(mian)平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)很多,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)是一(yi)個重要環節(jie),處理(li)(li)好接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)對路面(mian)質量和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程效益具有(you)重大意(yi)義。在(zai)選用(yong)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)技術(shu)時(shi)(shi),應該(gai)綜合(he)考慮現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)具體施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件、路面(mian)寬度(du)(du)(du)、路面(mian)厚度(du)(du)(du)、混合(he)料特性(xing)等。接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)必(bi)須接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)緊密、連接(jie)平(ping)順(shun),否(fou)則易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)明顯的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)離析。它的(de)(de)(de)處置(zhi)不僅涉及(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)作業(ye)設備的(de)(de)(de)選取,更重要的(de)(de)(de)是施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝嚴謹(jin)性(xing)和(he)合(he)理(li)(li)性(xing)。~般情況下(xia),路面(mian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)處理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝分(fen)為縱向(xiang)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)和(he)橫向(xiang)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)。縱向(xiang)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)主(zhu)要是針(zhen)對整(zheng)個路面(mian)不能同時(shi)(shi)鋪(pu)筑才會產(chan)生(sheng)。橫向(xiang)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)是因(yin)為攤鋪(pu)機提起并重新歸(gui)位(wei)時(shi)(shi)才會產(chan)生(sheng)。對這兩種接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規范中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)了(le)詳細(xi)說明,但在(zai)實(shi)際施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)仍存在(zai)一(yi)些細(xi)微環節(jie)處理(li)(li)不夠得當,直接(jie)影響(xiang)到了(le)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)處理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)好壞程度(du)(du)(du),即是否(fou)平(ping)整(zheng)、密實(shi),行車舒適。下(xia)面(mian)就實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)經驗,針(zhen)對縱向(xiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)縫(feng)(feng)和(he)橫向(xiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)縫(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)技術(shu)作梗概介紹。
1縱向施工縫的處(chu)理
對(dui)于(yu)(yu)高(gao)等(deng)級公路(lu)(lu)的瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)應(ying)避免(mian)縱向(xiang)(xiang)冷接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng),為此應(ying)使(shi)(shi)用兩(liang)臺攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)梯隊同(tong)步攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)料(liao),對(dui)于(yu)(yu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)宜采用寬幅(fu)(fu)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)全幅(fu)(fu)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)料(liao)(針對(dui)中(zhong)央分(fen)隔帶(dai)~側(ce)(ce)僅兩(liang)個(ge)行(xing)車(che)(che)道的雙幅(fu)(fu)雙車(che)(che)道高(gao)等(deng)級公路(lu)(lu))。用兩(liang)臺攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)或(huo)梯隊同(tong)步攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)料(liao)時應(ying)注意(yi)以(yi)下(xia)幾點:兩(liang)臺攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)的前后(hou)(hou)(hou)距離宜為5m~lOm,使(shi)(shi)瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)料(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)狀態下(xia)相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie);兩(liang)臺攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)的結(jie)(jie)構參(can)數(shu)和運(yun)行(xing)參(can)數(shu)應(ying)調(diao)整成(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)等(deng):接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)層(ceng)(ceng)的橫(heng)坡和厚度均應(ying)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致,搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)重(zhong)(zhong)疊應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)6Cm~1Ocm之(zhi)間;后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臺攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)靠接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)空施一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)熱熨(yun)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板,后(hou)(hou)(hou)者跨接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)行(xing)走,熨(yun)平(ping)(ping)(ping)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng);上下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)縱向(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)不得重(zhong)(zhong)合(he)(he)(he)(he),錯(cuo)開量不少于(yu)(yu)50cm,表(biao)層(ceng)(ceng)的縱向(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)宜設(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)(zai)隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)表(biao)線下(xia)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般來說采用自(zi)動(dong)找(zhao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji),機(ji)(ji)械(xie)很(hen)少出(chu)現問(wen)題,關鍵是人工(gong)找(zhao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)處(chu)理(li)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)過后(hou)(hou)(hou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般略高(gao)于(yu)(yu)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)筑路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),并(bing)且(qie)重(zhong)(zhong)疊已有(you)(you)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)l0—20Cm,首先用刮(gua)(gua)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板刮(gua)(gua)平(ping)(ping)(ping),略高(gao)于(yu)(yu)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)筑路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)0.5~O.8Cm,并(bing)需人工(gong)鏟除干(gan)凈(jing),而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人用平(ping)(ping)(ping)鍬或(huo)刮(gua)(gua)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板沿(yan)施工(gong)縫(feng)方向(xiang)(xiang)成(cheng)45度斜(xie)刮(gua)(gua),斜(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)由(you)內(nei)向(xiang)(xiang)外,刮(gua)(gua)底5一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)lOcm。然后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人用竹(zhu)掃(sao)帚(zhou)(較(jiao)稀(xi)疏(shu)的)沿(yan)縱向(xiang)(xiang)掃(sao)凈(jing),將(jiang)骨料(liao)掃(sao)出(chu),并(bing)清(qing)理(li)干(gan)凈(jing),后(hou)(hou)(hou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)用刮(gua)(gua)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板沿(yan)縱向(xiang)(xiang)鏟清(qing),最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人用竹(zhu)掃(sao)帚(zhou)將(jiang)所(suo)有(you)(you)散落的混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)料(liao)掃(sao)道鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)筑的路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)內(nei),特別是已鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)筑壓(ya)(ya)實路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)lm內(nei)的碎石雜物要(yao)清(qing)掃(sao)干(gan)凈(jing)。要(yao)求(qiu):人工(gong)緊湊:否(fou)則,等(deng)溫(wen)度降低后(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)處(chu)理(li),會(hui)(hui)使(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)形成(cheng)麻面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)必須(xu)設(she)(she)置(zhi)縱向(xiang)(xiang)冷接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)的情況下(xia),在(zai)(zai)(zai)先攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)帶(dai)的中(zhong)間一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)應(ying)設(she)(she)置(zhi)擋板,擋板的高(gao)度與(yu)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)筑層(ceng)(ceng)厚度相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong),以(yi)使(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)能壓(ya)(ya)實邊部(bu)并(bing)形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)垂直(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)不設(she)(she)擋板的情況下(xia),碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)(hou)(hou)邊部(bu)可(ke)能滑移成(cheng)斜(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰帶(dai)之(zhi)前,應(ying)將(jiang)呈(cheng)斜(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)部(bu)分(fen)切割后(hou)(hou)(hou)除去,在(zai)(zai)(zai)切割的垂直(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上涂粘結(jie)(jie)瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰的瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)料(liao),攤(tan)(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)時新混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)料(liao)應(ying)重(zhong)(zhong)疊在(zai)(zai)(zai)己鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)帶(dai)上5cm~lOcm,以(yi)此加熱接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)邊鄰的冷瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)料(liao),開始碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)前,人工(gong)鏟除重(zhong)(zhong)疊的混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)料(liao)。縱向(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)的碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)時,鋼輪跨已有(you)(you)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的多(duo)少會(hui)(hui)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)影響平(ping)(ping)(ping)整度。通常(chang)情況下(xia)鋼輪跨中(zhong)行(xing)使(shi)(shi),來回振動(dong)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)兩(liang)遍即可(ke)。當新鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)不密實時,應(ying)跨已有(you)(you)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的l/3或(huo)更(geng)少,才(cai)能擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)密實。反之(zhi),應(ying)從(cong)已有(you)(you)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)筑路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya),達到較(jiao)滿意(yi)效果。為達到縱縫(feng)密實,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般要(yao)求(qiu)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)時起振速(su)度、頻率(lv)大一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie),以(yi)便新、舊路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)很(hen)好的結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)。
2.橫向旋工縫的處理
橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)通常指工(gong)(gong)作縫(feng)(feng),但也包括(kuo)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)那攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)較長時間,攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)后(hou)(hou)面(mian)(mian)尚未碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瀝(li)青混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao),其溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)已(yi)降到不能(neng)再(zai)(zai)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)到要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),而產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不得(de)不設置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)。橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong),首先是(shi)在每日工(gong)(gong)作結束(shu)前(qian)(qian)對(dui)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)縫(feng)(feng)處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理,在最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)車料(liao)(liao)(liao)倒(dao)入(ru)(ru)攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)料(liao)(liao)(liao)斗,并(bing)在逐步(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong),攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)手應(ying)集中(zhong)精力,注意觀(guan)察螺旋輸送器(qi)內和熨平板前(qian)(qian)部(bu)混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堆積(ji)量,要(yao)(yao)保持全寬(kuan)范(fan)圍內均勻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi),盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)路(lu)中(zhong)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整齊(qi)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian),切(qie)忌攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜面(mian)(mian),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)將攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)駛離(li)(li)(li)該斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)3~5m,如(ru)果(guo)該斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)仍有不整齊(qi)再(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人工(gong)(gong)進(jin)行修整,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)立即(ji)(ji)挖(wa)槽、橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)埋入(ru)(ru)鋼板,以減少碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時推移(yi)量,鋼板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)相同(tong),寬(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)5~8Cm即(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)。如(ru)果(guo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)得(de)當(dang)(即(ji)(ji):在攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)層表面(mian)(mian)縱(zong)坡(po)或(huo)(huo)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)朱發生(sheng)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區域內接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng))接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)口(kou)(kou)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)(即(ji)(ji)平接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)),繼續攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)時保持原(yuan)先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作業(ye)參數(shu)以及(ji)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(即(ji)(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)新鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)層錯輪2Ocm~25cm與(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)平行碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))等(deng),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以獲得(de)平整度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)縫(feng)(feng)。為(wei)使(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)得(de)當(dang),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以在已(yi)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)層順路(lu)中(zhong)心方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),2~3個(ge)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)先后(hou)(hou)放(fang)3Ⅲ直(zhi)(zhi)尺,并(bing)找出(chu)表面(mian)(mian)縱(zong)坡(po)或(huo)(huo)已(yi)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)層厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)開始發生(sheng)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(己鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)層表面(mian)(mian)與(yu)3m直(zhi)(zhi)尺底面(mian)(mian)開始脫(tuo)離(li)(li)(li)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸處(chu)(chu)),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸縫(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)沿此(ci)(ci)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)切(qie)割成(cheng)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian),并(bing)將切(qie)縫(feng)(feng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)不符合(he)(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尾部(bu)鏟(chan)(chan)除(也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以人工(gong)(gong)或(huo)(huo)機(ji)(ji)械鏟(chan)(chan)除不符合(he)(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尾部(bu),形(xing)成(cheng)毛接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng))。此(ci)(ci)工(gong)(gong)作通常在鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)筑層碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)結束(shu)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)天(tian)完成(cheng)。未便(bian)于(yu)(yu)鏟(chan)(chan)除混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao),可(ke)(ke)(ke)事先在施工(gong)(gong)鄰近(jin)結束(shu)時,在預定攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)斷(duan)(duan)末端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)lm長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)寬(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍內先鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層報紙或(huo)(huo)撒一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)薄層砂,攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)結束(shu)駛離(li)(li)(li)現場,人工(gong)(gong)將端部(bu)混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao)鏟(chan)(chan)齊(qi),整平和碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)密實(shi)后(hou)(hou),找出(chu)切(qie)割位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi),切(qie)割后(hou)(hou)將尾部(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)鏟(chan)(chan)除。第二天(tian)開始攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)前(qian)(qian),清掃接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)處(chu)(chu),對(dui)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)切(qie)口(kou)(kou)涂刷乳化瀝(li)青,將攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)機(ji)(ji)倒(dao)到接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)處(chu)(chu),使(shi)(shi)熨平板前(qian)(qian)緣位(wei)于(yu)(yu)切(qie)口(kou)(kou)約5cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。在下面(mian)(mian)放(fang)入(ru)(ru)2~3塊墊(dian)木,墊(dian)木厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)層壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)乘上松(song)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系數(shu)減去壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)即(ji)(ji)對(dui)熨平板進(jin)行預熱。除此(ci)(ci),還需要(yao)(yao)特別重(zhong)視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也是(shi)要(yao)(yao)掌握(wo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)或(huo)(huo)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都會使(shi)(shi)新鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)層出(chu)現裂紋。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)太高很(hen)容易(yi)產生(sheng)混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao)推移(yi),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)太低橫(heng)(heng)(heng)縫(feng)(feng)不能(neng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi),易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)早期路(lu)面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)。橫(heng)(heng)(heng)縫(feng)(feng)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般比正(zheng)常碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低5℃一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)lO~C。瀝(li)青混(hun)(hun)凝土路(lu)面(mian)(mian)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞(huai)(huai)對(dui)瀝(li)青路(lu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量影(ying)響(xiang)很(hen)大,重(zhong)者出(chu)現錯臺跳車,甚至(zhi)坑槽開裂等(deng)病害,嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)路(lu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)質量和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命a。
3,結語
路橋施工中軟土路基施工技術分析
1、路(lu)橋工程中軟土路(lu)基的特(te)點與(yu)重要(yao)性
首先,特點。在(zai)軟(ruan)土(tu)路基(ji)(ji)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中,其(qi)主要存在(zai)著含水量(liang)(liang)大、壓(ya)縮性強、滲水性低、孔隙比大且抗剪度(du)弱(ruo)等特點,在(zai)實(shi)際施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)過程(cheng)中,需要實(shi)現對(dui)其(qi)所存在(zai)的(de)性質(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)完善分析,進而(er)科學選(xuan)擇相(xiang)(xiang)應施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)藝,以確保軟(ruan)土(tu)路基(ji)(ji)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。其(qi)次(ci),重(zhong)要性。對(dui)于(yu)路橋工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)來(lai)講,軟(ruan)土(tu)路基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較大,而(er)其(qi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)如何將直接影響(xiang)到路橋功能與(yu)(yu)作用的(de)發揮。由于(yu)一系列路橋安(an)全隱(yin)患問題的(de)爆(bao)發,相(xiang)(xiang)關領域對(dui)路橋施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)重(zhong)視程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)斷提升,而(er)軟(ruan)土(tu)路基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)已成為整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎與(yu)(yu)核心(xin),這(zhe)是因(yin)為軟(ruan)土(tu)路基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)是整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎,如果(guo)底層(ceng)技(ji)術(shu)不(bu)落實(shi)到位,“上(shang)層(ceng)建筑”的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制工(gong)(gong)作將無從談起。
2、路橋(qiao)施工(gong)中軟土(tu)路基(ji)施工(gong)中所存在的問題
首先,路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)強度(du)弱。從(cong)當前軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)工現(xian)狀看,由(you)于軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)強度(du)處理技術(shu)開展(zhan)不(bu)到(dao)位,致(zhi)使軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工質量大(da)大(da)折扣(kou)。對于整(zheng)個(ge)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋施(shi)工來講,軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)工中(zhong)強度(du)控制的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)將直接影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)整(zheng)個(ge)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量,一旦路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)強度(du)無法(fa)(fa)滿足相(xiang)應技術(shu)標(biao)準,就(jiu)會(hui)出現(xian)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)塌陷(xian)等問題,進而(er)影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋運輸的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)性。與此同時,如(ru)果軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)強度(du)不(bu)達標(biao),就(jiu)無法(fa)(fa)通過(guo)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗收標(biao)準,動工重改將會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)無法(fa)(fa)按期(qi)完(wan)工。其次(ci),環境影(ying)響(xiang)因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制。在實際施(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),軟(ruan)(ruan)土(tu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量大(da),工期(qi)較長,季節變(bian)化(hua)等環境因(yin)素對相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)地質等條(tiao)件會(hui)產生一定的(de)(de)(de)負面(mian)影(ying)響(xiang),而(er)相(xiang)應應對措施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)完(wan)善致(zhi)使趕工等現(xian)象的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生,進而(er)降(jiang)低了工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量,并給(gei)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)埋下了安全(quan)隱患(huan)。
3、落(luo)實軟土路基施工技術的有(you)效途徑
3.1以深(shen)層密(mi)實(shi)技術來提高路(lu)基的(de)穩(wen)定性
道路橋梁施工管理措施
1現階段道路橋梁(liang)施工管(guan)理中存在的問題
1.1混凝土裂縫病(bing)害較多
近些年,我國主(zhu)要(yao)是將混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)材料(liao)(liao)應用于(yu)道路(lu)橋梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she),而混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)如使(shi)用不(bu)(bu)當,極易產(chan)生裂縫問(wen)題,且已(yi)經成(cheng)為(wei)現階段工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)中最為(wei)普遍的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題,同時也是較(jiao)難解決的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。對(dui)于(yu)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)產(chan)生危害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)原因除本身材料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制外,還(huan)會(hui)(hui)因為(wei)施(shi)(shi)工中,操作(zuo)不(bu)(bu)當造(zao)成(cheng)裂縫危害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)出現。主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)為(wei):施(shi)(shi)工前(qian),對(dui)于(yu)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)配制沒有(you)按照一(yi)定比例進行,單純的(de)(de)(de)憑借個人經驗調配,使(shi)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)無(wu)(wu)法得到(dao)保障(zhang);在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工中,因對(dui)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)攪拌力度過(guo)小或者過(guo)大,都會(hui)(hui)致(zhi)使(shi)材料(liao)(liao)間無(wu)(wu)法充分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)融合,在(zai)一(yi)定程(cheng)度上使(shi)道路(lu)橋梁(liang)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)以(yi)及性能受到(dao)影響;此外,在(zai)對(dui)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)拆模中,養護工作(zuo)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)位,在(zai)長時間的(de)(de)(de)暴曬下,就會(hui)(hui)因干燥而導致(zhi)裂縫的(de)(de)(de)出現。
1.2鋼筋(jin)容易(yi)產(chan)生腐蝕
在道路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)中,最容易出現脫(tuo)落的(de)部位(wei)就(jiu)(jiu)是鋪(pu)裝層。即使(shi)(shi)鋪(pu)裝層體(ti)積占比較(jiao)(jiao)小,但也(ye)能夠直接導致道路(lu)交通的(de)安(an)全隱患。在實際的(de)施工(gong)(gong)過程中,因沒有形成(cheng)較(jiao)(jiao)為嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)的(de)監管(guan),對于鋪(pu)裝層的(de)施工(gong)(gong)也(ye)僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)限(xian)于表面,致使(shi)(shi)裂(lie)縫以及脫(tuo)落的(de)病害較(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)發生。針對道路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)來說,道路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)結(jie)構的(de)核(he)心材(cai)料就(jiu)(jiu)是鋼(gang)筋,在施工(gong)(gong)中,鋼(gang)筋若有銹蝕(shi)、斷裂(lie)問題(ti)出現,就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)使(shi)(shi)質量受(shou)到(dao)嚴(yan)(yan)重的(de)影響,甚至會(hui)減少(shao)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)壽命。一般情(qing)況下(xia),致使(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)筋受(shou)到(dao)銹蝕(shi)的(de)因素包括:原材(cai)料出現問題(ti)、施工(gong)(gong)環境較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)以及對于施工(gong)(gong)的(de)管(guan)理力度不夠等。
1.3路橋(qiao)的過渡段形成不均勻的沉降
路橋施工創新管理措施
一、路橋工程(cheng)和施工技術
路橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程,首要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)提(ti)高(gao)路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作水平。與此同(tong)(tong)時路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術也是(shi)極為(wei)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),一般來講施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝是(shi)非常復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),需要采用(yong)多種機械和設備(bei)完善(shan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術。需要注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)在路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程必須遵循合(he)同(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條例執行工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)配技術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,并加大管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監管(guan)力(li)度。從而(er)確保(bao)路橋(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作能夠正常運行,同(tong)(tong)時降低施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本,提(ti)高(gao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)。
二(er)、路橋工程施工具備的特點
1、路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)工產(chan)(chan)品(pin)復(fu)雜(za)。路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)工管理具有一定(ding)的(de)復(fu)雜(za)性,這是(shi)(shi)因為路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工序和產(chan)(chan)品(pin)過多而(er)造成。路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)中有很多不(bu)一樣(yang)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),這些的(de)類型不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)材料和作用也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)。路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工序也(ye)(ye)比較復(fu)雜(za),需(xu)要按照一定(ding)的(de)要求(qiu)下(xia)才能(neng)完成。與此同(tong)時,工程(cheng)項目施(shi)工種(zhong)類和作用都相同(tong)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),分(fen)別在(zai)不(bu)一樣(yang)的(de)環(huan)境下(xia)進(jin)行施(shi)工,就(jiu)會出現很多的(de)誤(wu)差或問題,所以就(jiu)造成路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工程(cheng)存在(zai)繁瑣、復(fu)雜(za)性。
2、流動(dong)性較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。路橋(qiao)(qiao)工程(cheng)的流動(dong)性也是很大(da)(da)(da)的,這對(dui)(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工管(guan)理(li)(li)來說難(nan)度系數更大(da)(da)(da)。路橋(qiao)(qiao)和企業施(shi)(shi)(shi)工時有(you)很大(da)(da)(da)差異的,因為路橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的流動(dong)性較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),路橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工管(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)可以在(zai)幾年內(nei)對(dui)(dui)很多地(di)(di)方同時進行管(guan)理(li)(li)。這就會(hui)造成對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工人員(yuan)工作的影響(xiang)(xiang)。與此同時,路橋(qiao)(qiao)工程(cheng)中有(you)很多地(di)(di)點都設(she)在(zai)偏遠地(di)(di)區,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工者(zhe)不能有(you)效(xiao)的投入到工作,從而影響(xiang)(xiang)了路橋(qiao)(qiao)工程(cheng)的整體效(xiao)益和效(xiao)率。
3、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)計劃管理。像一般的路(lu)橋建設(she)需用(yong)地(di)域(yu)面積都很多(duo),多(duo)會采用(yong)露天作業的方(fang)式進行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)種建設(she)也(ye)經常會收到自然環境(jing)的影響,出現中斷(duan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的狀況。所(suo)以路(lu)橋施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作,技(ji)術人員和(he)設(she)計人員必須提高(gao)對其的重(zhong)視,能夠(gou)全(quan)面客觀的考慮到所(suo)有的方(fang)面,從而確(que)保施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的質量和(he)進度。
路橋施工設備管理措施
1.我國路橋(qiao)施(shi)工的技術特(te)點(dian)和重點(dian)措施(shi)
1.1我國(guo)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)特點。我國(guo)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不僅代表著(zhu)企(qi)業形象,還(huan)會影(ying)響居(ju)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)出行(xing)(xing)和(he)基本(ben)(ben)生(sheng)活(huo),對(dui)居(ju)民(min)(min)生(sheng)活(huo)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響是非(fei)常(chang)緊密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此其(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)是一個大重(zhong)點。相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),對(dui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)進行(xing)(xing)嚴格控制成為(wei)了最(zui)關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)。比如本(ben)(ben)文所提到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材料設(she)備(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)。提高(gao)(gao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不僅可以(yi)(yi)增加(jia)建筑單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi);還(huan)有利(li)于提高(gao)(gao)車(che)輛和(he)交通安全(quan),減(jian)少因(yin)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)損(sun)壞而(er)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維修費用(yong),節省國(guo)家資金和(he)資源(yuan),增加(jia)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會效(xiao)益(yi);另外(wai)還(huan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)減(jian)少其(qi)對(dui)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染,進而(er)增加(jia)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態效(xiao)益(yi),達到三種效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合與統一。為(wei)此,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方必須加(jia)強其(qi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)團隊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、質量(liang)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)人力(li)(li)資源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),使每(mei)個人發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)其(qi)最(zui)大能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li),在(zai)(zai)規(gui)定(ding)時間(jian)內(nei)完成高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目任務(wu)。隨著(zhu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展,許(xu)多(duo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)大量(liang)出現(xian)(xian),也需(xu)要工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員努(nu)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究,將其(qi)應用(yong)到實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)之中。1.2我國(guo)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)重(zhong)點措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。首先要做好預處理(li)(li)(li)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制。路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是一項高(gao)(gao)科技(ji)(ji)、長周(zhou)期、任務(wu)項目多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)為(wei)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會存在(zai)(zai)一些非(fei)人為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困難(nan)(nan)因(yin)素,使得路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)變得難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)進行(xing)(xing)。在(zai)(zai)此其(qi)中有很多(duo)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引入,所以(yi)(yi)相關(guan)人士必須做好管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務(wu),這是非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)次還(huan)要做好路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控制。建立措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)質量(liang)監督制度,按(an)照制度執(zhi)行(xing)(xing),并(bing)使路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)相關(guan)單位加(jia)強彼此之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)交流,才能(neng)(neng)(neng)將管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)出來(lai)(lai)。并(bing)在(zai)(zai)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中做到細致,能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)互相監督發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)對(dui)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti),做到及時發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)和(he)處理(li)(li)(li),使路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)質量(liang)越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)高(gao)(gao),設(she)備(bei)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實際(ji)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率也是越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)好。
2.我國路(lu)橋施(shi)工(gong)材料設備管(guan)理存在(zai)的問題
2.1具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)非(fei)常復(fu)(fu)雜。首先(xian)(xian),路橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),正(zheng)如(ru)上(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)所(suo)述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)樣(yang),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務非(fei)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)雜,而實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)非(fei)常高(gao)(gao);這(zhe)實際業(ye)(ye)(ye)務開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)備引入,對(dui)其(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著很(hen)(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難度(du)和(he)(he)(he)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。時(shi)展(zhan)(zhan)使(shi)得(de)人(ren)(ren)們對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)越(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)越(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)精(jing)準,這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)相關人(ren)(ren)士必須要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加大(da)(da)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)力度(du),尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)設(she)(she)(she)備設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),提(ti)升自(zi)身企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)(shu)實力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi),加大(da)(da)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率,保證(zheng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量。以筆(bi)者從業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)看,我(wo)過路橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)備管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang),因設(she)(she)(she)備復(fu)(fu)雜度(du)所(suo)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)影響(xiang)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)以下幾個方(fang)(fang)面。首先(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)缺(que)乏制度(du)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)經(jing)濟(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)組織目(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識也(ye)(ye)比較(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混亂,這(zhe)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)(she)備設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)實際管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而言是(shi)(shi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)不(bu)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);除此(ci)之(zhi)外(wai)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren),建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)完畢(bi)就沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)辦法(fa)再找到人(ren)(ren)了,這(zhe)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。2.2設(she)(she)(she)備管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)技術(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)待提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。其(qi)(qi)次(ci),我(wo)國(guo)路橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)備管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang)所(suo)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)待提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。我(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)改革開(kai)放后才獲(huo)得(de)突(tu)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),雖然整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)(shang)(shang)數據提(ti)升了很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo),但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)細(xi)節(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海存在(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)問(wen)(wen)題(ti),尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)所(suo)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。我(wo)國(guo)路橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)基(ji)本吻合(he),整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)獲(huo)得(de)了極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步,但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)技術(shu)(shu)細(xi)節(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)還是(shi)(shi)落后于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)外(wai)先(xian)(xian)進技術(shu)(shu),尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)備管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。以筆(bi)者實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)看,截至目(mu)(mu)前我(wo)國(guo)基(ji)本上(shang)(shang)(shang)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa),所(suo)采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)信(xin)息系統(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa),也(ye)(ye)基(ji)本上(shang)(shang)(shang)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)士做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)制約實際管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)。除此(ci)之(zhi)外(wai)我(wo)國(guo)大(da)(da)部分路橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)都(dou)(dou)不(bu)太重(zhong)視設(she)(she)(she)備管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)這(zhe)個環節(jie)(jie),在(zai)(zai)(zai)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)排上(shang)(shang)(shang)很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)隨意(yi)挑選一(yi)個人(ren)(ren)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)負責,沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)任(ren)何的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗和(he)(he)(he)資質可言,很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)員都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)閑雜人(ren)(ren)士或者歲數相對(dui)比較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren),他們根本不(bu)知道科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)意(yi)識,也(ye)(ye)不(bu)認識這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。這(zhe)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)實際存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層面,也(ye)(ye)缺(que)乏合(he)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導,導致我(wo)國(guo)很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)將該(gai)項(xiang)(xiang)任(ren)務規(gui)范化(hua)(hua),但(dan)卻(que)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家性(xing)文(wen)件規(gui)范做指引。2.3設(she)(she)(she)備管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規(gui)范性(xing)比較(jiao)差(cha)。再次(ci),我(wo)國(guo)設(she)(she)(she)備管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范性(xing)比較(jiao)差(cha)。很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)路橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)備購置上(shang)(shang)(shang)都(dou)(dou)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua),基(ji)本上(shang)(shang)(shang)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)“東一(yi)榔頭西一(yi)棒子”,想(xiang)買(mai)什么(me)(me)就去買(mai)什么(me)(me)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi),沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)任(ren)何的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計劃(hua);很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)時(shi)刻都(dou)(dou)會帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)大(da)(da)量設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堆(dui)積(ji)和(he)(he)(he)閑置,無法(fa)發(fa)揮其(qi)(qi)實際使(shi)用效率。除此(ci)之(zhi)外(wai)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)設(she)(she)(she)備型(xing)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)會帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti),在(zai)(zai)(zai)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang)會帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)很(hen)(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻煩(fan),比如(ru)型(xing)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)、品牌(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)一(yi)致都(dou)(dou)會為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)很(hen)(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難度(du)。
3.我國路橋施(shi)工材(cai)料設備管理效率提升(sheng)的措施(shi)
3.1規范(fan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)序。首先,相關(guan)(guan)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)者(zhe)必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。我(wo)國路(lu)橋施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)本身(shen)就是需(xu)要(yao)(yao)規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)操(cao)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)務,如果(guo)沒有(you)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi),不僅會導(dao)致(zhi)其(qi)(qi)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低下還會帶來(lai)(lai)很(hen)多(duo)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)包括(kuo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)方面、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采購(gou)(gou)、運輸、保管(guan)及(ji)使用等環節(jie)。尤其(qi)(qi)是在(zai)采購(gou)(gou)環節(jie)上,必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)嚴格遵循我(wo)國政府所(suo)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項(xiang)(xiang)反腐措(cuo)施(shi),這不僅是對(dui)(dui)企業(ye)(ye)自(zi)身(shen)成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很(hen)好(hao)控制(zhi),也是對(dui)(dui)社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)氣(qi)凈化(hua)(hua);在(zai)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)采購(gou)(gou)中要(yao)(yao)嚴格結合(he)(he)著所(suo)制(zhi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計劃(hua)來(lai)(lai)操(cao)作,對(dui)(dui)于市(shi)場調查、訂立合(he)(he)同等關(guan)(guan)鍵步驟,要(yao)(yao)有(you)專人(ren)負責(ze);對(dui)(dui)各類(lei)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價格和(he)(he)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況,要(yao)(yao)有(you)充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知曉和(he)(he)了(le)解,再(zai)(zai)充分對(dui)(dui)比之(zhi)后(hou)再(zai)(zai)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出選擇。3.2科(ke)學培(pei)養(yang)專業(ye)(ye)人(ren)才。其(qi)(qi)次(ci)要(yao)(yao)科(ke)學培(pei)養(yang)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)才。正如上文(wen)所(suo)述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那樣(yang),很(hen)多(duo)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)都(dou)是臨時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),沒有(you)專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術,這會為(wei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)帶來(lai)(lai)很(hen)多(duo)問題(ti)。在(zai)新時(shi)期相關(guan)(guan)業(ye)(ye)務操(cao)作者(zhe)必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)努力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)企業(ye)(ye)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)才,提(ti)升其(qi)(qi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi)和(he)(he)效(xiao)率(lv),促進各類(lei)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用和(he)(he)深入研究,結合(he)(he)細節(jie)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)來(lai)(lai)提(ti)升其(qi)(qi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv),保證項(xiang)(xiang)目質(zhi)量。不可再(zai)(zai)隨意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安排限制(zhi)人(ren)員來(lai)(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)科(ke)學合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)置崗位,按(an)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)來(lai)(lai)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)業(ye)(ye)務。3.3做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)日(ri)(ri)常(chang)養(yang)護工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。我(wo)國路(lu)橋施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各類(lei)設(she)(she)施(shi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)都(dou)是大型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),在(zai)很(hen)多(duo)時(shi)候都(dou)非(fei)常(chang)容易遭(zao)到磕碰以及(ji)各類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti),如果(guo)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不當(dang)不僅會帶來(lai)(lai)經濟上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失,還會對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量帶來(lai)(lai)非(fei)常(chang)直接影響。所(suo)以相關(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)施(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)各類(lei)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)常(chang)養(yang)護工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,提(ti)升對(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)常(chang)檢查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv),科(ke)學合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)與機(ji)械(xie)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)護計劃(hua),爭取降低設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耗損(sun)率(lv),提(ti)升利(li)用率(lv),降低企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本,促進企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。該項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作必(bi)須從(cong)領(ling)導(dao)層開始(shi)重視(shi),自(zi)上而(er)下推進,否則將難以獲得實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)進展(zhan)(zhan)。
路橋軟基路施工策略論文
摘(zhai)要:加強過渡(du)段(duan)結(jie)構施工(gong)(gong)各個(ge)環節的(de)(de)控制(zhi),從客觀(guan)上(shang)制(zhi)定一套(tao)科學(xue)的(de)(de)管理(li)程序,保(bao)證每道工(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)和(he)工(gong)(gong)作質量(liang),就能防(fang)止(zhi)或減少(shao)路(lu)橋過渡(du)段(duan)的(de)(de)不均(jun)勻沉降,從而減輕(qing)甚至避免公路(lu)橋頭跳車現象,提高公路(lu)使用性能和(he)使用壽(shou)命。
關鍵(jian)詞:路橋軟(ruan)基路施工
一、路(lu)橋過渡段軟基路(lu)基不均勻沉降的原(yuan)因(yin)分析
1.1橋頭引(yin)道軟(ruan)土地(di)(di)基處(chu)(chu)治(zhi)(zhi)不標準通過(guo)公路(lu)調查結果(guo)表明(ming),軟(ruan)基路(lu)段由(you)于地(di)(di)基沉降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)橋頭跳車現象主(zhu)要是(shi)施工圖(tu)設(she)(she)計時(shi),地(di)(di)質(zhi)鉆探(tan)(tan)布孔(kong)過(guo)少(shao),鉆探(tan)(tan)深(shen)度(du)不夠,未能(neng)(neng)及時(shi)發現軟(ruan)基存在(zai),或者未能(neng)(neng)準確探(tan)(tan)明(ming)軟(ruan)基范圍(wei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)深(shen)度(du)以及軟(ruan)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)力(li)學(xue)性質(zhi)等等,導致(zhi)橋頭路(lu)堤軟(ruan)土地(di)(di)基處(chu)(chu)治(zhi)(zhi)遺漏(lou),或采取的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)治(zhi)(zhi)方法不恰當。此外,采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)基處(chu)(chu)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)論(lun)計算方法和(he)(he)(he)(he)選用的(de)(de)(de)(de)計算參數與軟(ruan)基實際情況存在(zai)一定差距,導致(zhi)軟(ruan)基處(chu)(chu)治(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計未能(neng)(neng)達到預期效果(guo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)技術要求。另外,雨水(shui)侵蝕造(zao)(zao)成路(lu)堤填土流失和(he)(he)(he)(he)強度(du)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低,也(ye)是(shi)造(zao)(zao)成路(lu)橋過(guo)渡段路(lu)堤沉降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因。
1.2橋臺(tai)臺(tai)背路(lu)(lu)(lu)堤壓(ya)實(shi)度不標(biao)準公路(lu)(lu)(lu)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)幾乎所有橋梁、通道和明涵等都要(yao)求臺(tai)背填(tian)土處治。然而(er),臺(tai)背填(tian)土壓(ya)實(shi)度受施(shi)工(gong)的用料、順序(xu)、機械、經驗和施(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)業面等工(gong)程管理因(yin)素(su)的影響(xiang),普遍存(cun)在臺(tai)背填(tian)土壓(ya)實(shi)度未能滿(man)足設(she)(she)計要(yao)求的現象,這是路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋過渡段路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面產(chan)生不均(jun)勻沉降的基(ji)本原因(yin)之(zhi)一。此(ci)外,在公路(lu)(lu)(lu)營運過程中(zhong),路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面在車輛(liang)荷載以及自然因(yin)素(su)的長期作(zuo)用下(xia),會(hui)形(xing)成土基(ji)塑性變形(xing)的積累,導(dao)致路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋間的差異(yi)沉降,從而(er)影響(xiang)公路(lu)(lu)(lu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面的平(ping)順程度。
1.3橋(qiao)頭(tou)引道過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段(duan)結(jie)構設計(ji)不(bu)周密橋(qiao)頭(tou)引道路基(ji)工程中,常用(yong)的(de)過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段(duan)工程處治(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施有粗粒(li)料填筑法、鋼筋混凝土過(guo)(guo)渡(du)板(即搭(da)板)和加(jia)筋土法等。這(zhe)些處理措(cuo)(cuo)施的(de)主要目的(de)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)提高路基(ji)的(de)整體強度(du),從而降低(di)路橋(qiao)間的(de)剛度(du)變化以(yi)及沉降差(cha)異,以(yi)減少路橋(qiao)間的(de)不(bu)平順(shun),從而防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)或避免(mian)橋(qiao)頭(tou)跳(tiao)車現象。從公路工程建設可知,橋(qiao)頭(tou)引道過(guo)(guo)渡(du)段(duan)常采(cai)用(yong)搭(da)板結(jie)構。然而,設置搭(da)板以(yi)后的(de)橋(qiao)頭(tou)跳(tiao)車現象仍然嚴重,橋(qiao)頭(tou)搭(da)板斷(duan)板現象較為(wei)普遍(bian)。
道路橋梁施工管理優化措施
摘要(yao):近年(nian)來(lai)隨(sui)(sui)著科學技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),為道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)建(jian)設發(fa)展(zhan)提供了(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)遇。隨(sui)(sui)著交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)也的(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan),道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)運輸行業中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)揮的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用越來(lai)越重要(yao),在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)運輸行業發(fa)揮著越來(lai)越重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。在(zai)實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)和橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)工過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),過(guo)度追求數量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)現象,使道(dao)路(lu)和橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)建(jian)設質量(liang)下降,導致道(dao)路(lu)和橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命(ming)縮(suo)短,對(dui)人民(min)生命(ming)財產構成了(le)比較嚴重的(de)(de)(de)威脅(xie)。本(ben)文分析了(le)目(mu)前施(shi)工管理過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題,為中(zhong)(zhong)國道(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)建(jian)設提出了(le)有效的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)。
關鍵(jian)詞(ci):道路橋梁;施(shi)工管理;問(wen)題及措施(shi)
在(zai)新形勢下,加強道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li),確保工(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),是各有關建設單(dan)位的(de)(de)需要重點加強的(de)(de)部分。加強施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作不(bu)僅避免(mian)事故發(fa)生的(de)(de)危害,同時對于道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)方面也是重要的(de)(de)保障,促進了(le)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)程的(de)(de)效益。在(zai)目(mu)前在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)中,部分施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制意識相(xiang)(xiang)對不(bu)夠(gou),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)體系措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒(mei)有嚴格執行(xing),從(cong)而導(dao)致質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)仍(reng)存在(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)多的(de)(de)問題。會(hui)影(ying)響道(dao)(dao)路(lu)和橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),而且對改善施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)項目(mu)的(de)(de)綜合效益有著不(bu)利影(ying)響,需要采取改進措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
1、道(dao)路橋梁施工管(guan)理(li)的重要性(xing)
作為(wei)中國經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi),道路橋梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展方(fang)(fang)面和(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)進步(bu)中發(fa)揮著舉足輕重(zhong)(zhong)的作用。為(wei)此,施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位要(yao)(yao)注意道路橋梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),采取合(he)理(li)措(cuo)施(shi)加強(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)和(he)控制。具體來說,主要(yao)(yao)表現在(zai)以下幾個方(fang)(fang)面:一是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中對(dui)每個環(huan)節進行細化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li),使得施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)有所保(bao)障(zhang),同時盡(jin)可能縮(suo)短施(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期,其(qi)次,在(zai)道路和(he)橋梁施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過程(cheng)(cheng)中,還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)創新(xin)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)方(fang)(fang)法和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)思路,同時,還(huan)應該(gai)不(bu)(bu)斷提(ti)高自(zi)身的專業技能和(he)綜合(he)素質(zhi),不(bu)(bu)斷總結實踐(jian)經(jing)驗,以確保(bao)道路和(he)橋梁建設(she)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),提(ti)供強(qiang)有力(li)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)支持。
2、道路橋梁施工(gong)管(guan)理中的問題(ti)
路橋工程施工工藝實踐分析
摘要:在路(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)中,軟土地(di)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)占據著(zhu)關鍵性地(di)位(wei),對于路(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)程整(zheng)體施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量具(ju)有(you)至(zhi)關重要的(de)影響(xiang)。基(ji)(ji)于此,文(wen)章淺析了(le)軟土地(di)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝難(nan)點,介紹了(le)軟土地(di)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)土質置換法(fa)(fa)(fa)、軟土表(biao)層處理法(fa)(fa)(fa)、粉(fen)噴(pen)樁加固處理法(fa)(fa)(fa)等幾種工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa),并結合相關工(gong)(gong)(gong)程案例,探究了(le)路(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中軟土地(di)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)實(shi)踐(jian)應用,為路(lu)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)提(ti)供借鑒。
關鍵詞:路橋工程(cheng);軟土地基;施工工藝
在(zai)(zai)路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong),難免存在(zai)(zai)軟(ruan)土(tu)地(di)基(ji)(ji)。軟(ruan)土(tu)地(di)基(ji)(ji)具有較高的含水量,缺乏良好的承(cheng)載力,且(qie)極易引發地(di)基(ji)(ji)沉(chen)降。若未能合理(li)有效地(di)處(chu)理(li)軟(ruan)土(tu)地(di)基(ji)(ji),將嚴重(zhong)影響路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程的整(zheng)體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量,且(qie)極易導致路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程在(zai)(zai)后期出(chu)現開裂(lie)以及坍塌(ta),嚴重(zhong)影響路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程的使用(yong)壽命和使用(yong)性(xing)能。因(yin)此,在(zai)(zai)路(lu)橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong),要(yao)強化對(dui)軟(ruan)土(tu)地(di)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝的實踐應用(yong),實現對(dui)軟(ruan)土(tu)地(di)基(ji)(ji)的有效處(chu)理(li)。
1.軟土地基施工工藝(yi)難點
軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)是指具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)低強度(du)和(he)較(jiao)高(gao)壓(ya)縮量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)軟弱(ruo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層,主要包括(kuo)軟弱(ruo)粘土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、松散砂、有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等。軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)含(han)(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da),且(qie)承載(zai)力和(he)透水(shui)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差,抗剪前度(du)相對(dui)較(jiao)低,極易(yi)(yi)引(yin)發(fa)不均勻沉降和(he)變形(xing),對(dui)路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。在路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong),需加強對(dui)軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效處理(li)。軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝難點(dian)主要體現在如下(xia)(xia)(xia)方面:(1)淤(yu)泥多。軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang),產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)量(liang)(liang)淤(yu)泥。軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)最低具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)33%,最高(gao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)71%的(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang),其土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層下(xia)(xia)(xia)面即為(wei)流動(dong)水(shui)體。因此,軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)極易(yi)(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)量(liang)(liang)淤(yu)泥,嚴重(zhong)(zhong)阻(zu)礙(ai)路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)。若未能對(dui)軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)進(jin)行(xing)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)有(you)(you)效處理(li),將延誤路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)期。(2)軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang),缺乏良好的(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)水(shui)能力,嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)固結速(su)度(du)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)。另外,軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)中(zhong)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)多,極易(yi)(yi)堵塞(sai)通水(shui)管(guan),影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)排水(shui),并(bing)導(dao)致軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)面積(ji)增加,進(jin)而引(yin)發(fa)路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)下(xia)(xia)(xia)陷(xian)。(3)軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮性(xing)(xing),極易(yi)(yi)導(dao)致地(di)(di)(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)出現漏洞,并(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)塌陷(xian),增加路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全隱患,且(qie)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)路橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。
2.路(lu)橋工程中軟土地基(ji)施工工藝的實踐應用
城市路橋工程施工監理研究
1城(cheng)市路橋工(gong)程施工(gong)監(jian)理的(de)內容
第(di)一(yi),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)細則的(de)編制,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)合(he)同(tong)(tong)文件進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)熟悉掌握,并(bing)(bing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場實際情況進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)充分了解。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期應(ying)參與(yu)場地(di)交(jiao)(jiao)驗(yan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)計交(jiao)(jiao)底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),并(bing)(bing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商提交(jiao)(jiao)的(de)復(fu)(fu)測(ce)成(cheng)果進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)查(cha),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)安全(quan)保證體(ti)(ti)系建立中對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商起到督促與(yu)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。第(di)二,參加(jia)第(di)一(yi)次工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)會議,并(bing)(bing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)常(chang)規(gui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)會議的(de)主(zhu)持,進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)開(復(fu)(fu))工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)令(ling)的(de),并(bing)(bing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)單項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)告進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)批復(fu)(fu)。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中應(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商授權(quan)的(de)常(chang)駐現場代表的(de)資質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)其他人員的(de)資質(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)核。第(di)三,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)全(quan)部原始資料進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)妥(tuo)善(shan)保存,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商擬用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)機械裝備性能、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案等進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)查(cha)與(yu)批復(fu)(fu),并(bing)(bing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)重要(yao)外購成(cheng)品件或半成(cheng)品件的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)效(xiao)控制。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)應(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商提交(jiao)(jiao)的(de)總體(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)計劃進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)批,如出現問(wen)題(ti)(ti),應(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修正,并(bing)(bing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)年度(du)、季(ji)度(du)及(ji)(ji)(ji)月計劃進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)核。第(di)四,要(yao)求承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商按照合(he)同(tong)(tong)條件、技術規(gui)范和(he)監理(li)程(cheng)序進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),通過(guo)旁站、巡視、檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)、試驗(yan)和(he)整體(ti)(ti)驗(yan)收(shou)等手段全(quan)面(mian)監督、檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)和(he)控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中存在(zai)(zai)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)調查(cha)與(yu)處(chu)理(li),并(bing)(bing)遵循相關施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)求向上級部門(men)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上報(bao)。計量(liang)(liang)(liang)完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang),并(bing)(bing)確(que)保其準確(que)性,如需要(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)計變(bian)更(geng)(geng)時(shi)(shi),應(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)令(ling)的(de),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)還(huan)要(yao)嚴格遵循合(he)同(tong)(tong)相關要(yao)求對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)評估與(yu)處(chu)理(li)。第(di)五,監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)月報(bao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)總結的(de)編制,評估承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)申請,檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)與(yu)驗(yan)收(shou)擬交(jiao)(jiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)遵循工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)部門(men)和(he)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)需求進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文件的(de)編制。業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)相配合(he)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)與(yu)移交(jiao)(jiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),在(zai)(zai)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)單價、索賠、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)及(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)談判(pan)時(shi)(shi),監理(li)人員應(ying)參與(yu)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)和(he)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商之間的(de)談判(pan),幫(bang)助業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)同(tong)(tong)文件問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)處(chu)理(li)。
2城市(shi)路橋工(gong)程施工(gong)監理的方式(shi)
2.1見證取樣
監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師應對混凝土試(shi)(shi)塊、砂漿試(shi)(shi)塊、鋼筋(jin)及連接接頭試(shi)(shi)件等(deng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)見(jian)證取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)與(yu)送檢(jian)。監(jian)理(li)機構見(jian)證人員(yuan)必須具(ju)有(you)專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)理(li)知識(shi),同(tong)(tong)時由見(jian)證人做好試(shi)(shi)件及包裝上(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)標識(shi)及工(gong)程(cheng)名稱(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標明等(deng)。見(jian)證與(yu)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)人員(yuan)必須負責(ze)見(jian)證取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代表性與(yu)真實性,并(bing)(bing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)見(jian)證記錄與(yu)歸檔。根據委托單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求,檢(jian)測單位(wei)應對試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標識(shi)、封套(tao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查,確(que)保(bao)沒有(you)錯(cuo)誤(wu)后(hou),再進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)相關(guan)檢(jian)查。檢(jian)測時應與(yu)其(qi)相關(guan)規定及技(ji)術(shu)標準符合,并(bing)(bing)確(que)保(bao)檢(jian)測報(bao)告的(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性、有(you)效性。抽樣(yang)(yang)時監(jian)理(li)機構見(jian)證人員(yuan)必須嚴(yan)格遵(zun)循(xun)七(qi)同(tong)(tong)原則,也就(jiu)是在抽檢(jian)進(jin)(jin)場材料時,確(que)保(bao)每一批(pi)檢(jian)測的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料具(ju)有(you)相同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品種、規格編號及廠家等(deng)。遵(zun)循(xun)相關(guan)標準規定及批(pi)量取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)方式進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)材料抽樣(yang)(yang)檢(jian)測。見(jian)證取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)監(jian)理(li)過程(cheng)中(zhong)應對實驗檢(jian)測結(jie)果(guo)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)及時跟蹤,并(bing)(bing)分(fen)析比較(jiao)施(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)質量控制試(shi)(shi)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)評定結(jie)果(guo)。如出現問題,應對其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)修(xiu)正。
2.2平行檢驗
道路橋梁施工的環保措施
一、道(dao)路(lu)橋梁建(jian)設所存在(zai)的環境污染
1、橋梁施工廢氣泥漿對環(huan)境的(de)污染
橋(qiao)梁施(shi)工的(de)泥漿,其主要成分(fen)是水以及膨潤土(tu)(tu)的(de)混合物,摻雜一(yi)定量的(de)增粘劑(ji)以及加重劑(ji)等化(hua)學(xue)藥品,泥漿在排(pai)(pai)放(fang)之后會產生(sheng)分(fen)層的(de)現象,膨潤土(tu)(tu)會發生(sheng)沉淀,對于植物的(de)呼吸(xi)作(zuo)用起到(dao)了(le)一(yi)定的(de)限制,有(you)很多的(de)企業在施(shi)工時(shi)因為沒(mei)有(you)對泥漿進行相應的(de)處理就排(pai)(pai)放(fang)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)田當中,影響農(nong)(nong)田的(de)植作(zuo)物生(sheng)長。同時(shi)有(you)的(de)廢棄(qi)泥漿含(han)有(you)重金(jin)屬離子,破壞(huai)土(tu)(tu)壤的(de)結構(gou),導致土(tu)(tu)壤富營養化(hua)。
2、橋梁(liang)施(shi)工對水資源(yuan)的污(wu)染
道路橋梁的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工對(dui)大(da)多數工程(cheng)(cheng)附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)源(yuan)都(dou)會(hui)受到(dao)工程(cheng)(cheng)或大(da)或小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)污染,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)泥(ni)漿的(de)(de)(de)(de)污染尤為(wei)嚴重,由于(yu)泥(ni)漿當(dang)中(zhong)會(hui)存在一定(ding)(ding)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油類或其(qi)(qi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)有機物(wu),一些礦物(wu)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)排放不僅在一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度上使魚類的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁殖(zhi)受到(dao)影響還(huan)縮短(duan)了魚類存活的(de)(de)(de)(de)周期,嚴重威脅著(zhu)水(shui)體(ti)中(zhong)生態系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡(heng)與(yu)穩定(ding)(ding)。在鉆(zhan)孔過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)廢渣,因其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)含有大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無機鹽,影響水(shui)質。
3、橋梁施工對大氣污染