導語：如何才能寫好一篇軌道交通可(ke)視化，這(zhe)就需(xu)要(yao)搜集整理更多的資料和文獻，歡迎閱(yue)讀由公務員之家整理的十篇范文，供你借(jie)鑒(jian)。

篇1

>> 基于信息圖形設計的樂譜可視化探究 基于XML可配置圖形樣式的數據可視化工具的設計與實現 可視化巡課系統的設計與實現 基于Silverlight的可視化協作知識建構工具的設計與實現 基于DirectX的雷達可視化仿真系統的設計與實現 基于Web 的可視化網絡管理系統的設計與實現 基于協同軟件開發的可視化平臺的設計與實現 基于WebGIS的財政預算審批空間可視化管理系統設計與實現 基于3D打印參數信息的可視化軟件設計與實現 基于EnSight的數值仿真可視化系統設計與實現 基于MSC　Adams的肌肉驅動可視化模型設計與實現 基于開源場景圖形的三維可視化與信息管理系統設計 基于可視化監控軟件的設計與開發 基于圖形可視化Wintool和FDAtool的FIR濾波器設計 基于模塊化軌道交通RFID讀寫器設計與實現 基于VC的可視化微觀交(jiao)通仿真系統 基(ji)于Web的(de)(de)無線(xian)傳(chuan)感器(qi)網(wang)絡可(ke)視化管(guan)理系統的(de)(de)設計與實現 基(ji)于Processing的(de)(de)室內溫度可(ke)視化的(de)(de)實現 基(ji)于放射(she)樹(shu)的(de)(de)《中圖法》可(ke)視化實現 基(ji)于Tilcon的(de)(de)IO控制(zhi)板可(ke)視化測試軟(ruan)件的(de)(de)設計和(he)實現 常(chang)見問題解答 當前所在位置：L5[D].Shizuoka University，2011.

[5] Sivas M，Patnaik L M.Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms[J].IEEE Trans Sys Man and Cybern，1994，24（4）：656-667.

[6] Liu B，Zhang Y. Short circuit current fore casto flarge scale Power grid based on imProving BP Artifieial Neural Network eombined with Genetie Algorithm[C]//2008 Third International Conferenee on Eleetrie Utility Deregulation and Restrueturing and Power Teehnologies， 2008：1164-1168.

[7] Fire Dynamic Simulator（Version4）一Technical Reference Guide[Z].NIST， 2002 Edition .

[8] Markstein G H. Relationships Beteen Smoke Point and Radiant Emission from Buoyant Tubrulent and Laminar Diuffsion Flames，20thSymPosium（Intemational） on Combustion[J].The Combusti on lnstiutte，Pittsbugr，2001：43-45.

[9] Nikls Zabroutis，Nieolas Mamraras.Searching efficient Plans for emergencyrescue Through simulation：the case of ametrofire[J].CognTeehwork，2004.

[10] 翁(weng)方煜.地鐵OCC環控調度仿真培訓系統設計[D].成都：西南交通大學，2007.

篇2

關鍵詞：城(cheng)市軌道；交(jiao)(jiao)通樞紐(niu)；公交(jiao)(jiao)客流；疏(shu)解組織

中圖分(fen)類號： U491 文獻標(biao)識碼： A 文章編號： 1673-1069（2016）35-65-2

1 概述

隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)(dao)數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)多，人們的(de)(de)(de)出行(xing)已經(jing)不能達到(dao)(dao)最(zui)初的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)了，建(jian)設城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)(dao)交通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是為了人們的(de)(de)(de)出行(xing)提供更加便(bian)利的(de)(de)(de)條件，但(dan)是隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)人口(kou)數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)多，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)樓房(fang)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)多，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)多，人們的(de)(de)(de)乘車(che)出行(xing)出現了非(fei)常嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)問題，現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)輛越來越多，人們在(zai)出行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)時候會遇到(dao)(dao)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)交通(tong)阻塞，浪費了人們大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)時間去等車(che)，給人們的(de)(de)(de)日常生活造成(cheng)了極大的(de)(de)(de)困擾(rao)，與之前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)軌道(dao)(dao)建(jian)設目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)越行(xing)越遠(yuan)。

2 城市軌道交通需要進(jin)行疏解和優(you)化的必(bi)要性

隨著我(wo)國社會經濟的(de)不斷發展(zhan)，人們(men)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活水平(ping)逐漸提(ti)高，以往(wang)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式已經不能滿足人們(men)的(de)需求，所以現在(zai)的(de)私家車越來越多，造成了嚴重的(de)交(jiao)通阻(zu)塞，給(gei)人們(men)正(zheng)常的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活帶來了極大的(de)困擾(rao)，所以及(ji)時的(de)采取正(zheng)確的(de)措施進行客流(liu)疏(shu)解和優化已經成為現階段重要的(de)發展(zhan)目(mu)標(biao)。

我國現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)基本國情就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)國民經濟水平不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升(sheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)市進成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)隨(sui)之而來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口迅速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)膨脹，土地(di)資(zi)源(yuan)日(ri)益短缺(que)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)擁堵(du)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)已(yi)經日(ri)益嚴(yan)重(zhong)，給人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)便，城(cheng)(cheng)市軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)以運(yun)輸量大(da)(da)、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低(di)、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)準時、快捷舒適并且還具有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)能資(zi)源(yuan)，正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)種(zhong)優(you)勢，人(ren)(ren)(ren)們才將(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)市軌道(dao)(dao)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)公共(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，還能夠(gou)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，大(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)城(cheng)(cheng)市已(yi)經將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)市軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)選擇(ze)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)樞紐站(zhan)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)市軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)設(she)備，所以采用(yong)疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)客(ke)流(liu)(liu)量方(fang)(fang)式(shi)非(fei)常(chang)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)迅速膨脹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)需求(qiu)，首先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)保證(zheng)旅客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)車(che)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)和(he)換(huan)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便捷，給乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)提供極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便利條件(jian)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)長期以來(lai)軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻塞問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)徹底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)，在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)樞紐站(zhan)客(ke)流(liu)(liu)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)過程中涉及到(dao)(dao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)存在(zai)這(zhe)些問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，才導(dao)致現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻塞，還有(you)(you)(you)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)能提供高(gao)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務，帶來(lai)了(le)許多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，目前，國家(jia)軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)想(xiang)要(yao)對交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)進行正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)，雖然改善了(le)客(ke)流(liu)(liu)組織(zhi)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)還是(shi)(shi)存在(zai)較多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，不(bu)(bu)能起到(dao)(dao)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治療效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)遇到(dao)(dao)其(qi)(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)因素，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)就(jiu)會顯(xian)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)弊端(duan)，體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)客(ke)流(liu)(liu)組織(zhi)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)，甚(shen)至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)遇到(dao)(dao)火災(zai)、寒暑(shu)假、大(da)(da)型活動等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)這(zhe)些緊急情況時，就(jiu)一(yi)定(ding)會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)堵(du)塞問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)非(fei)常(chang)混(hun)亂(luan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局面(mian)，嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)到(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)車(che)，甚(shen)至(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)些人(ren)(ren)(ren)因為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)件(jian)事會耽誤重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會議(yi)和(he)面(mian)試，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)(shi)敗。所以建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)(quan)一(yi)個行之有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行車(che)方(fang)(fang)針，能夠(gou)制訂(ding)一(yi)套(tao)能夠(gou)進行緊急疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)客(ke)流(liu)(liu)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制度方(fang)(fang)案成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)任(ren)務之一(yi)，城(cheng)(cheng)市軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個非(fei)常(chang)封(feng)閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)，一(yi)定(ding)遇到(dao)(dao)火災(zai)等(deng)(deng)危害時，在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)流(liu)(liu)非(fei)常(chang)密集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)進行人(ren)(ren)(ren)流(liu)(liu)疏(shu)(shu)散，耽誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)太長，就(jiu)會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)(shi)，威脅到(dao)(dao)更多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，在(zai)擁堵(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中如(ru)果(guo)(guo)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)危害，人(ren)(ren)(ren)們會產生(sheng)較為(wei)(wei)恐(kong)懼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心里，會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕望的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心理出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，這(zhe)非(fei)常(chang)不(bu)(bu)利于乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)自(zi)(zi)己想(xiang)辦(ban)法(fa)自(zi)(zi)救，從(cong)而選擇(ze)了(le)不(bu)(bu)恰(qia)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)救辦(ban)法(fa)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)這(zhe)種(zhong)情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，就(jiu)非(fei)常(chang)不(bu)(bu)利于乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)，為(wei)(wei)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困擾，那(nei)么如(ru)何(he)科學(xue)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)地(di)在(zai)短時間(jian)內對客(ke)流(liu)(liu)組織(zhi)進行疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)就(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。所以為(wei)(wei)了(le)避免造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)更多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命損失(shi)(shi)，避免在(zai)擁堵(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)群(qun)集(ji)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)，從(cong)車(che)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃設(she)計、疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)客(ke)流(liu)(liu)組織(zhi)設(she)定(ding)方(fang)(fang)案等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)進行考慮，設(she)定(ding)一(yi)套(tao)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)解(jie)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，保證(zheng)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)車(che)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)。

3 疏解客流組(zu)織的設計方法

通(tong)過對國外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)疏解(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)借鑒，我(wo)們(men)也(ye)建立了(le)(le)(le)一個行(xing)之有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)式，保(bao)證了(le)(le)(le)客流(liu)量正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏解(jie)(jie)，相對于國外(wai)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)，我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)方(fang)(fang)面就不具(ju)有(you)優勢，還是(shi)處于比較落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)面，所(suo)以我(wo)國借鑒了(le)(le)(le)國外(wai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仿真(zhen)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)進行(xing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)運營情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仿真(zhen)，這種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)可以有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)找到(dao)(dao)我(wo)們(men)國家軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)疏解(jie)(jie)過程解(jie)(jie)決問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵點，能夠對其進行(xing)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)，并且(qie)應用(yong)這種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)已經(jing)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)解(jie)(jie)決了(le)(le)(le)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)換(huan)(huan)乘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，為(wei)換(huan)(huan)車(che)提(ti)供了(le)(le)(le)便(bian)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)，通(tong)過這種(zhong)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷應用(yong)，我(wo)們(men)已經(jing)提(ti)出了(le)(le)(le)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)設計(ji)，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)換(huan)(huan)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率，為(wei)人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乘車(che)節(jie)省了(le)(le)(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，國外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仿真(zhen)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)已經(jing)非常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成熟，但(dan)是(shi)我(wo)國因為(wei)不想要照抄照搬(ban)國外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)式，我(wo)們(men)自己也(ye)投入了(le)(le)(le)深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究，爭取(qu)找到(dao)(dao)更加(jia)(jia)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)進行(xing)疏解(jie)(jie)客流(liu)量，雖然我(wo)國已經(jing)加(jia)(jia)大了(le)(le)(le)投入力度(du)，但(dan)是(shi)還沒(mei)有(you)達到(dao)(dao)成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)步，所(suo)以仿真(zhen)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)已經(jing)被廣(guang)泛(fan)地(di)應用(yong)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)各個環節(jie)。

4 城市軌道交通中存在的問題

城市軌道交通中(zhong)存在較多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，就是主要將(jiang)目(mu)標放在了換乘客(ke)組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)當中(zhong)，但是這個階段本身(shen)就具有很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)自主性，所(suo)以在進行優(you)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候對產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾問題(ti)考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)常(chang)不(bu)充分，結果使(shi)得(de)(de)矛盾更加突出。還有就是樞(shu)紐(niu)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)流(liu)(liu)引導和服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備建設得(de)(de)非(fei)常(chang)不(bu)合理，在通行時疏解能力不(bu)足(zu)，就造成了嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交通擁(yong)堵(du)，換車(che)耽誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間較長(chang)，繞行現象非(fei)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。在交通樞(shu)紐(niu)站更多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是乘客(ke)流(liu)(liu)，忽視(shi)了非(fei)乘客(ke)流(liu)(liu)，所(suo)以因為疏解對象的(de)(de)(de)(de)忽視(shi)較多(duo)(duo)造成了嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)堵(du)塞過程。

在(zai)進行(xing)(xing)優化(hua)(hua)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，提出了從不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)方面(mian)進行(xing)(xing)客(ke)流(liu)組(zu)織工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)(hua)和改善，為后期的(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)提供便利的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)，從客(ke)流(liu)量(liang)運行(xing)(xing)樞(shu)紐(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)設立(li)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制，提高服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，加強對客(ke)流(liu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)疏解，保(bao)證每個(ge)乘客(ke)可以找到(dao)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)走方向，不要(yao)在(zai)車站停留過多的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，如(ru)果人們都在(zai)不斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尋找方向，就會造成人群的(de)(de)(de)(de)集結，造成人群的(de)(de)(de)(de)擁(yong)堵，從整體上進行(xing)(xing)分(fen)析，規(gui)劃(hua)乘客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)走路線，采用交通的(de)(de)(de)(de)仿真軟件(jian)對發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)城市進行(xing)(xing)規(gui)劃(hua)設計才是最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，對樞(shu)紐(niu)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)流(liu)量(liang)組(zu)織進行(xing)(xing)優化(hua)(hua)，提供更高端的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計方式。

在進行(xing)(xing)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)流量的(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)解(jie)路線的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)設計(ji)時采用了(le)(le)三種有效的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式：平面交(jiao)叉疏(shu)解(jie)、立體交(jiao)叉疏(shu)解(jie)、源頭控制(zhi)。還調(diao)整了(le)(le)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)服設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)配制(zhi)和屬性，進行(xing)(xing)設備(bei)(bei)數量的(de)(de)(de)合理(li)配制(zhi)，調(diao)轉了(le)(le)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)運轉速度，改(gai)變了(le)(le)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)銜接方(fang)向，優化了(le)(le)乘(cheng)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)組織管理(li)。首先就是控制(zhi)了(le)(le)進站(zhan)出站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)乘(cheng)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數量，規(gui)(gui)定了(le)(le)乘(cheng)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)進站(zhan)時間(jian)，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)流轉的(de)(de)(de)速度，主要提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)走速度，避免出現(xian)乘(cheng)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)停(ting)滯時間(jian)，就會使得路口運行(xing)(xing)比較通暢(chang)。采用了(le)(le)引導法，在各個車站(zhan)設立了(le)(le)廣播系統，加大(da)對人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)服務，幫(bang)助人(ren)們(men)盡(jin)快走到目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)地，有效避免了(le)(le)乘(cheng)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)出現(xian)停(ting)滯造(zao)成堵塞的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。

通(tong)(tong)過對傳統(tong)模式(shi)下公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)換(huan)乘(cheng)(cheng)疏(shu)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)分析(xi)可(ke)(ke)知，緩(huan)解(jie)樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)區(qu)域交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)擁(yong)堵(du)的(de)(de)(de)一個有效手段是(shi)加強軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)一體化(hua)設(she)計(ji)，尤其是(shi)針對那(nei)些設(she)施分散(san)、功(gong)(gong)能離(li)散(san)、管(guan)理渙散(san)的(de)(de)(de)樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)區(qu)域，更需要(yao)對其區(qu)域進(jin)行設(she)計(ji)優化(hua)以(yi)及功(gong)(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)整合，其中(zhong)包括結點(dian)設(she)計(ji)、控制(zhi)設(she)計(ji)、公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)優先設(she)計(ji)等。這(zhe)樣可(ke)(ke)以(yi)提(ti)(ti)高公(gong)(gong)共交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)換(huan)乘(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)便捷性(xing)，進(jin)而提(ti)(ti)高軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)服務水平，從而一方(fang)面(mian)提(ti)(ti)高軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)吸引力，另一方(fang)面(mian)促使交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)移，使更多的(de)(de)(de)乘(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)從私家車向(xiang)公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)車轉(zhuan)移，這(zhe)兩方(fang)面(mian)均可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)解(jie)度(du)得到提(ti)(ti)高。樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)疏(shu)解(jie)度(du)指單(dan)位(wei)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)疏(shu)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)流量(liang)，又可(ke)(ke)稱(cheng)之為疏(shu)解(jie)速度(du)。由此可(ke)(ke)知當(dang)疏(shu)解(jie)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)一定的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，疏(shu)解(jie)速度(du)越(yue)大(da)(da)，所疏(shu)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)有效客(ke)流就(jiu)越(yue)多，因(yin)此就(jiu)能有效地解(jie)決(jue)樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)擁(yong)堵(du)問題，從而緩(huan)解(jie)道路的(de)(de)(de)擁(yong)堵(du)。軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)樞(shu)(shu)紐(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)吸引范(fan)圍(wei)也得到了(le)加強和擴(kuo)大(da)(da)，同時(shi)(shi)也會集散(san)更多的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)流量(liang)。

5 結束語

隨著我國經(jing)濟建設的(de)不(bu)斷加強，人們(men)的(de)生活方(fang)(fang)(fang)式已(yi)經(jing)得到了(le)(le)極大的(de)改(gai)善(shan)，人口的(de)膨(peng)脹造(zao)成了(le)(le)土地資源的(de)缺乏，城市軌道數量的(de)增加同時還(huan)提高了(le)(le)人們(men)出(chu)現(xian)不(bu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便的(de)概率，就(jiu)連(lian)去一個比較(jiao)近的(de)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)都(dou)會花費(fei)較(jiao)多的(de)時間，這種現(xian)狀的(de)存在(zai)造(zao)成了(le)(le)人們(men)出(chu)行(xing)的(de)極大不(bu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便，所以為(wei)了(le)(le)達(da)到建設軌道的(de)最(zui)終目的(de)，我們(men)就(jiu)必(bi)須對樞(shu)紐站的(de)客(ke)流量組織進行(xing)疏解和優化，提出(chu)更加有效的(de)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，減(jian)少客(ke)流量的(de)擁(yong)堵現(xian)狀的(de)出(chu)現(xian)，為(wei)人們(men)帶(dai)來更多的(de)便利。

參 考 文 獻

[1] 馬國榮.城市公共交通的系統發展方(fang)向[D].成安大學，2012.

[2] 葛(ge)宏偉.城市(shi)軌道交通帶來的(de)問題分析[J].城市(shi)軌道，2012（4）：99.

篇3

論(lun)文關鍵詞：設備房(fang)標識系統，規劃，流程(cheng)

 

0 引言

城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交通(tong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)是指包含城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交通(tong)沿線車站(zhan)內的(de)(de)通(tong)風空調、給排水、FAS（防災(zai)報(bao)警系統）、BAS（環境監控系統）、低壓供電(dian)、高壓供電(dian)、通(tong)信和信號等設(she)(she)施設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)內的(de)(de)房(fang)(fang)屋。城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交通(tong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)建設(she)(she)與(yu)使用過(guo)程分為可(ke)行(xing)性研究（規劃）、設(she)(she)計、土建施工、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)裝、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)調試(shi)、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)使用、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)維修等七個階(jie)段，涉(she)(she)及到設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計方(fang)(fang)、建設(she)(she)方(fang)(fang)、供貨方(fang)(fang)、安(an)裝方(fang)(fang)和運(yun)營(ying)方(fang)(fang)等五方(fang)(fang)單位，傳統的(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)建設(she)(she)與(yu)使用過(guo)程中涉(she)(she)及的(de)(de)五方(fang)(fang)基(ji)本(ben)上缺乏完備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)信息(xi)交流與(yu)溝(gou)通(tong)，各方(fang)(fang)按照自己的(de)(de)標準完成任(ren)務后便移(yi)交給另一方(fang)(fang)，屬(shu)于典型的(de)(de)“縫(feng)接(jie)式”管理流程。

由(you)(you)于設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)內設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)技術狀態(tai)的(de)好(hao)壞直接影響著(zhu)城市軌道交(jiao)通的(de)安(an)(an)全可靠運(yun)營流程(cheng)，相(xiang)(xiang)關設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)管(guan)理(li)的(de)諸多重要(yao)信息需要(yao)在設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)與(yu)(yu)使用全壽(shou)命(ming)周期過(guo)程(cheng)中予(yu)以持續關注，但由(you)(you)于設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計方(fang)沒有(you)明確(que)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)規范要(yao)求(qiu)；建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)方(fang)沒有(you)明確(que)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)需求(qiu)要(yao)求(qiu)；供貨(huo)方(fang)沒有(you)明確(que)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)標準要(yao)求(qiu)；安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)方(fang)沒有(you)明確(que)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)可視化與(yu)(yu)定置化要(yao)求(qiu)；導致(zhi)運(yun)營方(fang)在設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)使用與(yu)(yu)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)過(guo)程(cheng)中，發現前述(shu)(shu)階段(duan)工(gong)作(zuo)完成(cheng)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)與(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)、調試與(yu)(yu)自(zi)己的(de)實際需要(yao)不相(xiang)(xiang)適應(ying)時，由(you)(you)于設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)已建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)完成(cheng)，難以回溯前述(shu)(shu)各方(fang)責任，只能由(you)(you)運(yun)營方(fang)獨立開展設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關工(gong)作(zuo)，必然會造成(cheng)資源、人力、物(wu)力、財力的(de)浪(lang)費。同時，不規范的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)環境(jing)，也可能給設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)運(yun)營維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)操(cao)作(zuo)帶來諸多不便，也潛伏著(zhu)不可避免(mian)的(de)安(an)(an)全隱患(huan)。

南京地鐵設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)標識(shi)(shi)(shi)系統的(de)(de)規劃與設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，以“一切標識(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)全效(xiao)服務于設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)管理(li)維(wei)(wei)護”為(wei)根本出發點流(liu)程，以改善與提高設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)內(nei)所有關鍵(jian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)預(yu)防維(wei)(wei)修內(nei)容與服務質量為(wei)載體，在參照現有設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)標識(shi)(shi)(shi)語言的(de)(de)基礎上，睿智聯(lian)合城市軌道交通(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)標識(shi)(shi)(shi)系統規劃、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、制作、安裝及維(wei)(wei)護等多家(jia)單(dan)位(wei)，著力于城市軌道交通(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)維(wei)(wei)護現場(chang)的(de)(de)可持續管理(li)核心期刊目錄(lu)。

1 設備房標識系統規(gui)劃與設計(ji)

1.1 設(she)備(bei)房標識系統設(she)計核(he)心(xin)理念(nian)

南京地鐵(tie)設備房標(biao)(biao)識系(xi)統(tong)的核心(xin)理(li)念(nian)為：“標(biao)(biao)識構筑效率空間(jian)，溝通鑄就完美(mei)品(pin)質”。

“標識構筑效率空間”的含義為：

⑴設備(bei)標識系統立足于設備(bei)維(wei)(wei)護狀態(tai)管(guan)理，重視設備(bei)運(yun)行(xing)與維(wei)(wei)修狀態(tai)的監控(kong)與管(guan)理，提升設備(bei)維(wei)(wei)修人員的技能水平和工作效率；

⑵設(she)備標識(shi)系統立足于生(sheng)產現場，重(zhong)視設(she)備房可視化管理(li)和(he)定置管理(li)，提(ti)升(sheng)設(she)備的管理(li)水(shui)平和(he)經營效率；

⑶設(she)備標(biao)識(shi)系統(tong)立足于設(she)備全壽命周期過程的綜合(he)監(jian)控，重視(shi)設(she)備房統(tong)一特征的集中表現，提升設(she)備房整體形象和服務效率。

“溝通鑄(zhu)就完(wan)美品質(zhi)”的含義為：

⑴設(she)備(bei)標識系統立(li)足于設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)與維護(hu)基本需求流(liu)程，重(zhong)視維護(hu)、管理(li)人員與設(she)備(bei)之間的(de)(de)(de)情感交流(liu)，提升維護(hu)、管理(li)人員的(de)(de)(de)精神品質；

⑵設(she)(she)備(bei)標識系統立足于設(she)(she)備(bei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)狀態的變(bian)化規(gui)律(lv)，重(zhong)視設(she)(she)備(bei)的“六源(yuan)”管理，提升設(she)(she)備(bei)自身(shen)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)品(pin)質(zhi)；

⑶設(she)備(bei)標識(shi)系(xi)統立足于設(she)備(bei)房設(she)計、建設(she)、運營與使(shi)用、維護的全過程(cheng)的內在需求，重視各個環節(jie)設(she)備(bei)與相關責任人的和(he)諧(xie)共處，提升整(zheng)個溝通流程(cheng)的和(he)諧(xie)品質。

1.2 設(she)備房(fang)標識系統功能(neng)規劃(hua)及組成

南京地(di)鐵設備房(fang)標(biao)(biao)識系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)規(gui)劃依(yi)據標(biao)(biao)識承擔的(de)(de)主體功(gong)(gong)能，可(ke)以劃分(fen)為六類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，分(fen)別是功(gong)(gong)能參數與(yu)(yu)規(gui)范類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、公共信息與(yu)(yu)提示(shi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、線(xian)路流程與(yu)(yu)定置類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、檢修作業(ye)與(yu)(yu)指導類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、設備管理(li)與(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)牌類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和維(wei)修文化與(yu)(yu)宣傳類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，功(gong)(gong)能層對應的(de)(de)設備管理(li)主體如圖1所示(shi)。

功能參數與(yu)(yu)(yu)規范類子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點反(fan)(fan)映(ying)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)內各(ge)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要功能參數、各(ge)項(xiang)管(guan)(guan)理規范與(yu)(yu)(yu)著裝規范等(deng)；檢(jian)修作業(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)指導類子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點反(fan)(fan)映(ying)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)內各(ge)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)點巡檢(jian)作業(ye)要求、檢(jian)修管(guan)(guan)理要求和(he)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)檢(jian)維修過程中(zhong)的需(xu)要重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點可(ke)視(shi)化的技術操作規范等(deng)相關(guan)技術資料等(deng)；線路(lu)流程與(yu)(yu)(yu)定(ding)置(zhi)類子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點反(fan)(fan)映(ying)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)內劃線標(biao)準、區(qu)域(yu)定(ding)置(zhi)標(biao)準、物品定(ding)置(zhi)標(biao)準與(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)定(ding)置(zhi)圖(tu)等(deng)；設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)管(guan)(guan)理與(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)牌類子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)狀態可(ke)視(shi)化、設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)信(xin)息可(ke)視(shi)化和(he)關(guan)鍵（K）類設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)標(biao)牌等(deng)需(xu)求；公共信(xin)息與(yu)(yu)(yu)提示(shi)(shi)類子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點反(fan)(fan)映(ying)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)內安全(quan)提示(shi)(shi)信(xin)息、一般提示(shi)(shi)信(xin)息、環保與(yu)(yu)(yu)節能信(xin)息等(deng)；維修文化與(yu)(yu)(yu)宣傳(chuan)類子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點反(fan)(fan)映(ying)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)維修理念、現(xian)場管(guan)(guan)理、安全(quan)文化、標(biao)識系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（6A+）宣傳(chuan)畫及看(kan)板等(deng)。

參考文獻：

[1]南京(jing)地(di)鐵科技咨詢有限公司(si).南京(jing)地(di)鐵設備房標識系統培訓文本--概述(shu)與規劃[R],2008.

[2]南京地鐵科技咨詢有限公(gong)司.南京地鐵二號(hao)線設備用房標識系統總(zong)體設計框架(jia)[R],2008.

[3]南京地鐵科技咨(zi)詢有(you)限(xian)公司.南京地鐵二號線設備房標識系(xi)統規劃與初步(bu)設計方案[R],2008.

篇4

關鍵(jian)詞：專業(ye)課程;可視化教學法;控制信號(hao)回路;元件實物

中圖分類號：G642.0 文(wen)獻標志碼：A 文(wen)章編號：1674-9324（2016）42-0169-02

供變電(dian)技術是電(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)核心專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)之一，屬于電(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)(cheng)師職業(ye)資格(ge)證書供配電(dian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)考試的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內(nei)容，其中燈光(guang)監視的(de)(de)(de)斷路器控制(zhi)信號(hao)回路這一章，是該課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)(dian)和難(nan)點(dian)(dian)，由于控制(zhi)元件的(de)(de)(de)觸點(dian)(dian)多(duo)、繼電(dian)器連接關(guan)系復(fu)雜，很(hen)多(duo)學(xue)生在課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)考試中暴露出很(hen)難(nan)掌握該章節的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵內(nei)容。因此，如何指導本科(ke)電(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)生學(xue)好該門課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)，牢固掌握專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)知識，具(ju)有(you)非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)意義。

通過可視化的圖形流(liu)程(cheng)教學(xue)法，運(yun)用教師(shi)先(xian)預演講授、學(xue)生理解(jie)后(hou)敘述的教學(xue)手(shou)段，讓學(xue)生更(geng)直觀、更(geng)加深刻地理解(jie)供變電(dian)技術的原(yuan)理，對學(xue)生掌握好專業知識，為(wei)工(gong)程(cheng)應(ying)用奠(dian)定更(geng)好的基礎。

一、認識繼電器

繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，通常用于(yu)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中，是(shi)用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)去控制大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作的一種“自動(dong)(dong)(dong)開關”。作為以弱(ruo)控強的典型(xing)控制元件，在(zai)(zai)輸入激勵量的變化(hua)達(da)到某一個(ge)規定的值時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中使被控制量發生變化(hua)，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中起(qi)安全保護和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)切(qie)換的作用。在(zai)(zai)教材中繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)圖(tu)的圖(tu)形符號(hao)也包括(kuo)兩個(ge)部分：一部分用長方框表示線圈，另一部分用一對接點(dian)符號(hao)表示觸點(dian)組(zu)合。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)般由(you)鐵(tie)芯、線圈、可(ke)動(dong)銜鐵(tie)和觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)簧片等(deng)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)組成，由(you)于教材只(zhi)能(neng)通過(guo)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)剖(pou)圖給出繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，并在此平(ping)面(mian)(mian)圖的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上討論繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)及其恢(hui)復的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理(li)，這并不能(neng)很(hen)好地展示繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本身的(de)(de)(de)立體空(kong)間構(gou)(gou)造，使部(bu)分(fen)(fen)空(kong)間感不強的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生不能(neng)真正(zheng)理(li)解和明(ming)(ming)(ming)白繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，但繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，是(shi)供(gong)(gong)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)信號回(hui)路的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，該部(bu)分(fen)(fen)不完(wan)全掌(zhang)握，就可(ke)能(neng)會導(dao)致對(dui)斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)閘(zha)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和合閘(zha)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)解混亂(luan)。因此，為了(le)增加對(dui)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)原(yuan)件內部(bu)空(kong)間結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)認識和理(li)解繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)標記，有必(bi)要將若干實際的(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帶(dai)入課(ke)堂，以華東交(jiao)(jiao)通大學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)軌道交(jiao)(jiao)通供(gong)(gong)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術小(xiao)(xiao)班教學(xue)為例(li)，小(xiao)(xiao)班共(gong)32位同(tong)學(xue)，教師(shi)課(ke)前帶(dai)入4個(ge)(ge)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，將同(tong)學(xue)按照座位順序分(fen)(fen)為4個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)組，每組分(fen)(fen)配(pei)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)傳(chuan)閱，按每2人給出3分(fen)(fen)鐘的(de)(de)(de)認知時(shi)間，共(gong)計12分(fen)(fen)鐘內，教師(shi)在課(ke)堂上通過(guo)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)剖(pou)圖在屏(ping)幕上指明(ming)(ming)(ming)各個(ge)(ge)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)名稱，學(xue)生對(dui)應實物觀察，重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)要求指明(ming)(ming)(ming)線圈、觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)及觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)標記。

由于(yu)控制信號回路(lu)(lu)中的(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)多、電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)復雜，涉及電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)原理、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場(chang)等(deng)先(xian)修課(ke)程，工(gong)程實(shi)踐(jian)性強，導致教學(xue)(xue)難度(du)大。在正式參加工(gong)作(zuo)之前，作(zuo)為本科(ke)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)很難獲得機會在現場(chang)獲得長期(qi)的(de)實(shi)踐(jian)學(xue)(xue)習。所(suo)以，在平(ping)面圖和實(shi)物可視化(hua)的(de)條件下，按照學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)分(fen)組，讓不同組的(de)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)互(hu)相(xiang)提(ti)問和互(hu)相(xiang)回答，老(lao)師先(xian)引導學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)們認識(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)作(zuo)用，之后，通(tong)過提(ti)問的(de)方(fang)式，指(zhi)導繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)原理的(de)講解。

二、理解斷路(lu)器(qi)動作前位置狀態

斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)初(chu)始位(wei)置狀態決定(ding)(ding)斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)輔助觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)輔助觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)分(fen)合，對(dui)斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)動作(zuo)過(guo)程至關重要。初(chu)始狀態需要確(que)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)內容包(bao)括(kuo)：斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)輔助觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態、LW2系(xi)列(lie)控(kong)制(zhi)開關的(de)(de)操作(zuo)手柄(bing)、信(xin)號燈、觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)盒和控(kong)制(zhi)面板(ban)，包(bao)括(kuo)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)盒的(de)(de)節數是多少(shao)？怎么安裝在開關轉軸上的(de)(de)？每一節觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)盒里面有多少(shao)個(ge)定(ding)(ding)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)和多少(shao)副動觸(chu)(chu)片？

教師課前帶入(ru)1個控制開關，供(gong)同學傳閱(yue)和課間討(tao)論(lun)，由老師在課堂試驗一下KK手柄從跳閘(zha)后正轉90度到(dao)預備合(he)閘(zha)位(wei)(wei)置，然(ran)后再正轉45度到(dao)合(he)閘(zha)位(wei)(wei)置，之后松開，讓(rang)學生觀察開關手柄自動反(fan)轉45度，回到(dao)合(he)閘(zha)后位(wei)(wei)置。

學生進(jin)行可視化觀察(cha)完成后，依次讓(rang)學生試驗一下相反(fan)的過程，即：KK手(shou)柄從合(he)閘(zha)(zha)后反(fan)轉90度(du)(du)到預備(bei)分閘(zha)(zha)位置，然后再反(fan)轉45度(du)(du)到分閘(zha)(zha)位置，之后松開(kai)，讓(rang)學生感(gan)受開(kai)關手(shou)柄自(zi)動反(fan)轉45度(du)(du)，回到分閘(zha)(zha)后位置。

在學生操作過(guo)程中(zhong)，讓同(tong)(tong)(tong)組同(tong)(tong)(tong)學記(ji)錄下開關手柄在不同(tong)(tong)(tong)位置時對應的觸點接通表(biao)，為手動分閘和手動合(he)閘過(guo)程做好(hao)準備。

三、講(jiang)解手動(dong)合(he)閘(zha)過(guo)程原理

1.利用回路(lu)可視化的模(mo)擬(ni)演示教學(xue)，由(you)老師先(xian)講(jiang)(jiang)授斷路(lu)器控(kong)制(zhi)信號回路(lu)的合閘過(guo)程，并告(gao)知學(xue)生認真聽(ting)講(jiang)(jiang)，講(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)完成后將(jiang)隨(sui)機抽取同(tong)學(xue)講(jiang)(jiang)述斷路(lu)器控(kong)制(zhi)信號回路(lu)的分閘過(guo)程，有利于讓(rang)同(tong)學(xue)注意集中精(jing)力(li)。

2.在(zai)展開圖中標出各元件的新符號(hao)對應(ying)的舊符號(hao)，如(ru)圖1中用括(kuo)號(hao)標識的元件符號(hao)名稱(cheng)，如(ru)圖1中的電源(yuan)正極+WFL（對應(ying)舊符號(hao)為KM），并(bing)從(cong)初始條(tiao)件時的狀(zhuang)態(tai)開始，首先(xian)確定斷路(lu)器各個輔助觸點(dian)的狀(zhuang)態(tai)，按(an)照先(xian)一次(ci)(ci)、后二次(ci)(ci)，先(xian)交流部(bu)分、后直流部(bu)分，先(xian)線圈(quan)、后觸點(dian)，先(xian)上后下、先(xian)左后右的原則(ze)進行分析。

3.再根據(ju)圖(tu)1的可(ke)視(shi)化展開圖(tu)，由(you)(you)手柄(bing)位置分(fen)析出觸點閉合(he)情況，由(you)(you)閉合(he)觸點依次確定哪(na)一(yi)個(ge)回路接通？亮(liang)平光(guang)還是亮(liang)閃光(guang)？哪(na)個(ge)繼(ji)電器動作？

4.按(an)照接(jie)通(tong)回(hui)路中電(dian)流流過元件的(de)先后次(ci)序，由(you)電(dian)源正(zheng)極至電(dian)源負極，給出(chu)電(dian)路的(de)通(tong)路，如圖1斷路器預備合閘(zha)回(hui)路的(de)可視(shi)化分析中的(de)回(hui)路路徑(jing)從（+WFL）至（-WC）為：

（+WFL）-SA（9-10）-HGn-1R-QF1-KMC-2FU-（-WC）。

四(si)、分(fen)組討論敘述分(fen)閘過程(cheng)

在教師講(jiang)授完成(cheng)(cheng)斷路器(qi)(qi)的(de)合(he)閘(zha)動作(zuo)過程后(hou)，按照讓各組(zu)(zu)(zu)同(tong)學(xue)們先主動敘(xu)(xu)述(shu)后(hou)挑(tiao)選(xuan)敘(xu)(xu)述(shu)的(de)原(yuan)則，由4組(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)每(mei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)選(xuan)一位(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)學(xue)為組(zu)(zu)(zu)代(dai)表，分(fen)別敘(xu)(xu)述(shu)各個(ge)階(jie)段的(de)原(yuan)理：由第(di)1位(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)學(xue)敘(xu)(xu)述(shu)斷路器(qi)(qi)分(fen)閘(zha)過程的(de)全部初始狀態，第(di)2位(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)學(xue)敘(xu)(xu)述(shu)斷路器(qi)(qi)預(yu)備分(fen)閘(zha)的(de)過程，第(di)3位(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)學(xue)敘(xu)(xu)述(shu)分(fen)閘(zha)的(de)過程，第(di)4位(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)學(xue)敘(xu)(xu)述(shu)分(fen)閘(zha)后(hou)的(de)過程，每(mei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)敘(xu)(xu)述(shu)完成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)允許同(tong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)人員適當(dang)補充，作(zuo)為老師記錄敘(xu)(xu)述(shu)同(tong)學(xue)和主動補充同(tong)學(xue)的(de)平(ping)時成(cheng)(cheng)績的(de)一個(ge)重要依(yi)據(ju)。

利用可視化的(de)“教(jiao)(jiao)”到(dao)“學(xue)(xue)(xue)”的(de)全過程(cheng)(cheng)可視流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)法(fa)，在華東交通大學(xue)(xue)(xue)軌道交通供(gong)變電技術課程(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)進(jin)行了(le)實踐(jian)，使(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生能(neng)充分發揮(hui)主觀(guan)能(neng)動(dong)性，提高(gao)專(zhuan)業(ye)課程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)理(li)論學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)水(shui)平和動(dong)手實踐(jian)能(neng)力、分析思考能(neng)力，突(tu)破供(gong)變電技術專(zhuan)業(ye)課程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)難(nan)點，更好地為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)專(zhuan)業(ye)課程(cheng)(cheng)服務(wu)。

參考文獻：

[1]賀威(wei)俊.軌道(dao)交通牽引供變電技術[M].成都：西南交通大學(xue)出版社，2012.

[2]李正(zheng)學，程明松，楊潔.基于Matlab的(de)智能計算課程可(ke)視(shi)化教學[J].教育教學論壇，2013，（17）：263-264.

[3]王勛.電氣化鐵(tie)(tie)道(dao)概(gai)論[M].北京：中國(guo)鐵(tie)(tie)道(dao)出版社(she)，2009.

Visual Teaching Method for Control Signal Circuit Chapter in The Course of Power Supply Transformer

QU Zhi-jian

（School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering，East China Jiaotong University，Nanchang，Jiangxi 330013，China）

篇5

1.1基礎環境(jing)支撐平臺

城市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)行(xing)業具有業務復雜(za)度高、數據(ju)類(lei)型復雜(za)、規模各(ge)異、各(ge)類(lei)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)資(zi)源(yuan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)紛繁(fan)復雜(za)等特(te)點(dian)。這就使得(de)如(ru)果按(an)照(zhao)在(zai)建(jian)(jian)線路進(jin)行(xing)軟件(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部署(shu)按(an)同(tong)比例搭(da)建(jian)(jian)軟件(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)測(ce)試環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)支(zhi)撐(cheng)平(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，會極(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低開(kai)(kai)發(fa)測(ce)試系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)性價比。在(zai)現(xian)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)城市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)信息系統建(jian)(jian)設、運營(ying)等生(sheng)產環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)，各(ge)類(lei)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)目前運行(xing)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)有基(ji)于(yu)IBMPower芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)AIX小(xiao)型機運行(xing)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)，有基(ji)于(yu)IntelX86芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)Windows計(ji)算(suan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)和各(ge)類(lei)Linux計(ji)算(suan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)。如(ru)果按(an)照(zhao)目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)以1:1的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例建(jian)(jian)立軟件(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)測(ce)試平(ping)臺，將會造成極(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)浪費。因(yin)此，在(zai)建(jian)(jian)立統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟件(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)測(ce)試平(ping)臺時，如(ru)何搭(da)建(jian)(jian)一個(ge)能夠(gou)包含各(ge)類(lei)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)IT基(ji)礎資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)池（包括計(ji)算(suan)資(zi)源(yuan)、網絡資(zi)源(yuan)、存儲資(zi)源(yuan)、安全環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)等），并且能夠(gou)動態的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)IT資(zi)源(yuan)分配和快速部署(shu)從而極(ji)大提升各(ge)類(lei)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率，將是統一開(kai)(kai)發(fa)測(ce)試平(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)支(zhi)撐(cheng)平(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設要點(dian)和難點(dian)。

1.2統(tong)一開發(fa)測試(shi)管理平臺

城市軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟件(jian)開(kai)發(fa)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺主(zhu)要(yao)針對兩類(lei)軟件(jian)業(ye)務(wu)，一(yi)(yi)類(lei)是軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心生產系統(tong)，一(yi)(yi)類(lei)是軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常管(guan)理(li)(li)系統(tong)。這兩類(lei)應(ying)用軟件(jian)系統(tong)在開(kai)發(fa)過程(cheng)中，主(zhu)要(yao)采用“邊(bian)開(kai)發(fa)、邊(bian)實施、邊(bian)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)、邊(bian)上(shang)(shang)線(xian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)策略，這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)流程(cheng)往往導致系統(tong)開(kai)發(fa)周期長、成本高、前端生產需(xu)(xu)求和后(hou)端軟件(jian)開(kai)發(fa)人員溝通(tong)(tong)不順(shun)暢、需(xu)(xu)求描述(shu)不準(zhun)確、上(shang)(shang)線(xian)版本控制不嚴格等(deng)一(yi)(yi)系列弊病。與此同(tong)時，隨(sui)著城市軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展及線(xian)路規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷擴(kuo)充(chong)，各(ge)類(lei)應(ying)用軟件(jian)均需(xu)(xu)大面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)整合，但是因為各(ge)類(lei)IT項目所(suo)采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)臺工具(ju)不同(tong)、軟件(jian)開(kai)發(fa)架構不同(tong)導致數(shu)據不能很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)整合，而(er)且(qie)工具(ju)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)不能很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)滿足(zu)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求，使得(de)信息技術部(bu)門(men)面臨越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)。因此，在統(tong)一(yi)(yi)開(kai)發(fa)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺上(shang)(shang)對各(ge)類(lei)軟件(jian)開(kai)發(fa)項目進(jin)行(xing)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li)(li)，成為統(tong)一(yi)(yi)開(kai)發(fa)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎服(fu)務(wu)同(tong)時也(ye)是系統(tong)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)難點之一(yi)(yi)，隨(sui)之而(er)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)還有相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)制度和軟件(jian)開(kai)發(fa)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)規范及標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優化完善。

2方案(an)架構和主(zhu)要模型(xing)

按(an)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)，云(yun)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)件層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)組成，如圖2所(suo)示。（1）基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)（IaaS）。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括計(ji)算(suan)(suan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、網絡(luo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)存儲(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，整個基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)可以(yi)作為(wei)一(yi)種服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)向用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)，不僅包(bao)括虛擬化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)存儲(chu)(chu)，同(tong)時還要(yao)保證用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶訪問(wen)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡(luo)帶(dai)寬等(deng)。統(tong)一(yi)測(ce)試(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)環(huan)境支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)即為(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。（2）平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)（PaaS）。在基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)之上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括并行(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)序設(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)(he)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)環(huan)境、結構(gou)(gou)(gou)化(hua)海(hai)量數(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)式存儲(chu)(chu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)、海(hai)量數(shu)據分(fen)布(bu)式文(wen)件系(xi)統(tong)以(yi)及實(shi)現云(yun)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其他系(xi)統(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工具，如云(yun)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)中資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部署(shu)、分(fen)配、監控(kong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、安全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)分(fen)布(bu)式并發(fa)(fa)(fa)控(kong)制(zhi)等(deng)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)者設(she)(she)計(ji)，開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)者不用(yong)(yong)(yong)擔心應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)時所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序運(yun)(yun)行(xing)及維護所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)。（3）應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)（SaaS）。主(zhu)要(yao)是面向用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)件應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)及用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶交(jiao)互接(jie)口等(deng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶無需(xu)購(gou)買和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)器端軟(ruan)件，稱(cheng)為(wei)軟(ruan)件即服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。與(yu)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)件相(xiang)比較，應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)解決(jue)方(fang)案(an)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，包(bao)括較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)期成本、便于(yu)維護、快(kuai)速(su)展開(kai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)可以(yi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)或平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。統(tong)一(yi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)測(ce)試(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)件項目管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)及配置變更管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，即屬于(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。以(yi)云(yun)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)架構(gou)(gou)(gou)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)，為(wei)了實(shi)現軌道交(jiao)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)息系(xi)統(tong)統(tong)一(yi)軟(ruan)件開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)測(ce)試(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)最終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)目標(biao)，我們(men)將解決(jue)方(fang)案(an)建立(li)在SOA（面向服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)系(xi)結構(gou)(gou)(gou)ServiceOrientedArchitecture）技術架構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)。SOA架構(gou)(gou)(gou)作為(wei)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，能夠有(you)針(zhen)對性地解決(jue)軌道交(jiao)通(tong)行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息業務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)繁雜、信(xin)(xin)息資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)分(fen)散、用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶眾多等(deng)問(wen)題。應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)SOA架構(gou)(gou)(gou)進(jin)行(xing)構(gou)(gou)(gou)建，提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)完整統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)SOA架構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、交(jiao)換和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)解決(jue)方(fang)案(an)。SOA架構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現機制(zhi)如圖3所(suo)示。

3統一開(kai)發測(ce)試(shi)平臺方案(an)設計

3.1通過虛擬化技術進行基礎環境支撐(cheng)平臺(tai)的設計

虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)是云計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種基(ji)(ji)礎性(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)技術，它允許將服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器(qi)、存儲(chu)設(she)(she)備、網(wang)絡(luo)設(she)(she)備和(he)(he)其他硬件視為一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)池(chi)，而不是離散(san)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)根據(ju)需要，動(dong)態分(fen)配(pei)這些資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)快速提供虛(xu)擬(ni)機器(qi)或物(wu)(wu)理(li)機器(qi)，迅(xun)速部署和(he)(he)增(zeng)加業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)工作負(fu)載(zai)。除(chu)網(wang)絡(luo)平(ping)臺(tai)、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器(qi)和(he)(he)存儲(chu)整(zheng)(zheng)合之外(wai)，虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)還提供整(zheng)(zheng)合系(xi)(xi)統(tong)架構，包括(kuo)應用(yong)(yong)程(cheng)序基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)施、數(shu)據(ju)和(he)(he)數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)接口、網(wang)絡(luo)、桌(zhuo)面系(xi)(xi)統(tong)甚至業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)程(cheng)等。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)云計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技術，我們可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)對數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各類(lei)(lei)閑(xian)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、存儲(chu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)網(wang)絡(luo)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)進行(xing)重新整(zheng)(zheng)合，建(jian)立(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套獨立(li)(li)于生產系(xi)(xi)統(tong)之外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)云平(ping)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)支撐平(ping)臺(tai)，動(dong)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從各類(lei)(lei)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)池(chi)中(zhong)搭建(jian)出(chu)(chu)開(kai)發(fa)和(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)，進行(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)上(shang)線前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)、測(ce)(ce)試(shi)和(he)(he)驗證。如通過(guo)(guo)(guo)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器(qi)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)將一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個物(wu)(wu)理(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器(qi)S上(shang)閑(xian)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)抽象(xiang)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個或多個虛(xu)擬(ni)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器(qi)實例Si（i=1，2…n）,Si與Sj（i≠j）之間完全獨立(li)(li)，每個Si均(jun)(jun)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)獨立(li)(li)執行(xing)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)任務(wu)(wu)(wu)。結(jie)合杭州地鐵信(xin)息化(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，我們將物(wu)(wu)理(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、虛(xu)擬(ni)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器(qi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)均(jun)(jun)作為云節(jie)點，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)建(jian)立(li)(li)包含各種運算(suan)(suan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)云平(ping)臺(tai)，如從現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)EBS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)AIX計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)節(jie)點上(shang)，獨立(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)AIX資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)作為EBS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)，從Maximo系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Windows環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)節(jie)點上(shang)獨立(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)X86計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)作為Maximo應用(yong)(yong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)等，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)云計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)管理(li)平(ping)臺(tai)進行(xing)各類(lei)(lei)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)分(fen)配(pei)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)整(zheng)(zheng)合和(he)(he)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)調度,形成統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟件開(kai)發(fa)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)支撐平(ping)臺(tai)。開(kai)發(fa)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)礎環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)支撐平(ping)臺(tai)架構如圖(tu)4所示。

3.2基于SOA架(jia)構建立項目管理服務(wu)，為(wei)統一開發(fa)測試平臺建立基礎管理服務(wu)

項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發測試(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)服務(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，以(yi)電(dian)子化(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式實現(xian)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發與項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，為(wei)(wei)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)及軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中相關人員(yuan)提(ti)(ti)供統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，從(cong)而(er)提(ti)(ti)高軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率和(he)(he)(he)質量(liang)(liang)。結合杭州地(di)鐵信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，我們借助項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)期(qi)達成(cheng)(cheng)任務(wu)(wu)或目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)。（1）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)最(zui)基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)需求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)驅(qu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，解決(jue)(jue)(jue)杭州地(di)鐵當前面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)直接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套健全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)綜合協(xie)調業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)部(bu)門(men)、技(ji)術部(bu)門(men)、開(kai)(kai)(kai)發商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)交互(hu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，以(yi)實現(xian)需求(qiu)(qiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透明(ming)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，提(ti)(ti)高需求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發質量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)效率。（2）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息交互(hu)、處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)：通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)提(ti)(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種手段和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，收集(ji)所有(you)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)數(shu)據；解決(jue)(jue)(jue)手工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)先(xian)天性缺(que)陷(xian)，保(bao)證項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)數(shu)據在各項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)干系(xi)人之(zhi)(zhi)間傳遞(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效性、完整性、準(zhun)確性、及時性、一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致性；實現(xian)信(xin)息數(shu)據采集(ji)、處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、分析(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)、共享、存儲(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。（3）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)可視(shi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)執行(xing)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)境：保(bao)證項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)執行(xing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程可視(shi)、可控，即實現(xian)量(liang)(liang)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)可視(shi)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。（4）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)多(duo)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)監(jian)控體系(xi)：提(ti)(ti)供多(duo)級項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)視(shi)圖；各級管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)領導、各個項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)經理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)都能夠從(cong)該平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)中獲取各自所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)信(xin)息，從(cong)而(er)實現(xian)各個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)層面可以(yi)分別對項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)執行(xing)不同(tong)粒度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)控。（5）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)配置(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規范，保(bao)證每個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變遷歷史和(he)(he)(he)代碼資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效掌控。引入先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)資產(chan)，降低軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)，提(ti)(ti)高軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)質量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能力。（6）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)并(bing)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供應商管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)辦(ban)法，能夠對供應商起到監(jian)控和(he)(he)(he)考核的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，保(bao)證外包項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進度和(he)(he)(he)質量(liang)(liang)。（7）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)門(men)戶(hu)(hu)。軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IT項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)在應用該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)時，可以(yi)與現(xian)有(you)網絡辦(ban)公門(men)戶(hu)(hu)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)，實現(xian)單點登錄、消息和(he)(he)(he)數(shu)據集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)。對于(yu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發團隊，為(wei)(wei)了(le)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便操(cao)作(zuo)無需通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)門(men)戶(hu)(hu)登錄，可直接(jie)(jie)登錄項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。長遠目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)：建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)應用生命周(zhou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，從(cong)需求(qiu)(qiu)提(ti)(ti)出、分析(xi)、設(she)(she)計(ji)、開(kai)(kai)(kai)發、測試(shi)、上線、到運維部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)事件(jian)(jian)問題(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，形成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閉環(huan)，實現(xian)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)、量(liang)(liang)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。本(ben)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)總體架(jia)(jia)構設(she)(she)計(ji)是建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)以(yi)需求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)驅(qu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，如(ru)圖所示5。針對軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際需求(qiu)(qiu)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)總體包括業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)支撐(cheng)兩大模塊(kuai)(kuai)，其中支撐(cheng)模塊(kuai)(kuai)包含了(le)角色權(quan)限管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、流(liu)(liu)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、風險(xian)庫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)文(wen)檔(dang)中心(xin)等(deng)，為(wei)(wei)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)模塊(kuai)(kuai)和(he)(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知識(shi)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)奠定基礎；業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)模塊(kuai)(kuai)包含了(le)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、需求(qiu)(qiu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、開(kai)(kai)(kai)發管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、測試(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、配置(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)，為(wei)(wei)軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日常管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)奠定了(le)良好基礎，直至將項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個多(duo)用戶(hu)(hu)、全(quan)(quan)流(liu)(liu)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IT綜合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。如(ru)圖6所示是項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)總體架(jia)(jia)構藍圖。為(wei)(wei)了(le)便于(yu)將來(lai)集(ji)中部(bu)署，方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)采用B/S體系(xi)結構，支持多(duo)種操(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，包括Windows系(xi)列、Linux及各種主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Unix，如(ru)AIX、HPUX、SOLARIS、SUSELinux等(deng)；并(bing)且支持多(duo)種數(shu)據庫，例(li)如(ru)：Oracle、MySQL、SQLSever等(deng)；支持多(duo)語種語言環(huan)境，如(ru)中文(wen)等(deng)雙(shuang)字節(jie)語言；支持不同(tong)操(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用編(bian)程接(jie)(jie)口（API），在系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)層次(ci)可以(yi)實現(xian)異構平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)數(shu)據格式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透明(ming)轉(zhuan)換，還可以(yi)很方(fang)(fang)(fang)便實現(xian)與其它主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)，如(ru)QC、MSProject和(he)(he)(he)Office等(deng)。因(yin)此，整個解決(jue)(jue)(jue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)在統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)定制開(kai)(kai)(kai)發完成(cheng)(cheng)，且使(shi)用統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用戶(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中心(xin)來(lai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。這樣(yang)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)內各模塊(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)在統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)數(shu)據平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)上，與項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)可以(yi)在統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上協(xie)作(zuo)完成(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發及項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。

4結束語

篇6

對城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交通供電(dian)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)安全生產管(guan)理體(ti)系(xi)建設的(de)多個方面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)了探討，并在城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交通全線(xian)整體(ti)性供電(dian)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)防(fang)誤操作(zuo)管(guan)理、接觸網檢(jian)修接地作(zuo)業、工(gong)作(zuo)票(piao)和(he)操作(zuo)票(piao)管(guan)理、設備巡檢(jian)、現場作(zuo)業遠程視頻監護等方面(mian)提出了相應的(de)建設思路。從全線(xian)考慮(lv)，整體(ti)性解決城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交通供電(dian)系(xi)統的(de)安全運(yun)(yun)行(xing)管(guan)理問(wen)題，以滿足城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交通供電(dian)系(xi)統安全、規范、可靠的(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)要(yao)求。

關鍵詞：

軌道交通；供電(dian)運行安全；防(fang)誤操作；直流驗電(dian)閉鎖；接地線管理(li)；電(dian)子化(hua)開票(piao)；視頻聯(lian)動監護

城市軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通的安(an)全(quan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)離不(bu)開安(an)全(quan)、規范、可靠(kao)的供(gong)(gong)電系統(tong)(tong)，供(gong)(gong)電系統(tong)(tong)是軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通運(yun)輸的核心，供(gong)(gong)電系統(tong)(tong)一(yi)旦產生(sheng)故障或中斷，不(bu)僅會(hui)造(zao)成城市軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通運(yun)輸的癱(tan)瘓，而且還會(hui)危及乘(cheng)客生(sheng)命安(an)全(quan),給社(she)會(hui)穩定和(he)城市形象造(zao)成不(bu)良影響。因此，建(jian)立全(quan)線整體性供(gong)(gong)電運(yun)行(xing)(xing)防誤操作管理系統(tong)(tong)，較好(hao)地(di)解決城市軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通供(gong)(gong)電系統(tong)(tong)整體性的安(an)全(quan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)管理問題，進一(yi)步提高供(gong)(gong)電系統(tong)(tong)的安(an)全(quan)性和(he)可靠(kao)性有(you)著十分重(zhong)要的意義。

1現(xian)有供電運行安全生產管理體系現(xian)狀

1.1現(xian)有(you)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)電氣操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)狀況(kuang)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)主要的(de)(de)(de)電氣操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是驗(yan)電和掛(gua)(gua)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)。目前的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)擺放缺(que)乏(fa)技(ji)術手段(duan)進行規范(fan)管理，掛(gua)(gua)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)前沒有(you)強制驗(yan)電保障，掛(gua)(gua)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)必(bi)須依賴專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，地(di)(di)線(xian)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)缺(que)乏(fa)視頻(pin)監護。現(xian)有(you)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)掛(gua)(gua)地(di)(di)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)流程(cheng)如(ru)圖1所示。據(ju)統計，近(jin)年來，全國多個地(di)(di)鐵(tie)現(xian)場發(fa)(fa)生了掛(gua)(gua)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)相關事故，例如(ru)：（1）2014年初，某地(di)(di)鐵(tie)單位變電所掛(gua)(gua)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)發(fa)(fa)生事故，使(shi)現(xian)場操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)遭受重(zhong)傷；（2）2014年初，某地(di)(di)鐵(tie)單位在接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)掛(gua)(gua)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中發(fa)(fa)生事故，造(zao)成現(xian)場重(zhong)傷一(yi)人(ren)(ren)；（3）2013年4月12日，某供電公司(si)職工，在某35kV變電站羅屯(tun)線(xian)456開(kai)關消缺(que)過(guo)程(cheng)中，擅自(zi)移開(kai)圍欄(lan)，開(kai)啟后柜門作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)，造(zao)成觸(chu)(chu)電，經搶救無效死亡。這些事故不僅給(gei)(gei)現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)帶來嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身傷害(hai)，還會造(zao)成現(xian)場設備的(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)損毀，給(gei)(gei)軌道交通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)正常運(yun)行帶來較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)面影響(xiang)。

1.2現(xian)有(you)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)管(guan)理(li)狀況在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)和(he)操作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)方面，目前(qian)大多采用的(de)(de)是人工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi)，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)、操作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)靠(kao)人工(gong)(gong)手(shou)寫開票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)，導致作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)準備時間長，效率(lv)(lv)低下(xia)，且未從源頭(tou)上保證作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)內容的(de)(de)安全性，現(xian)有(you)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)、操作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)流(liu)程如圖2所示。此(ci)外，從城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道交通(tong)供電(dian)(dian)系統安全業(ye)務(wu)流(liu)程來看，涉(she)及(ji)正常倒閘(zha)操作(zuo)(zuo)、檢修操作(zuo)(zuo)、掛(gua)接地線操作(zuo)(zuo)，這些(xie)業(ye)務(wu)流(liu)程沒有(you)實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)子化，不能與工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)審批流(liu)程結(jie)合(he)。隨著科技(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)進步(bu)、技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，目前(qian)已(yi)可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)技(ji)(ji)術手(shou)段來加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)軌(gui)道交通(tong)現(xian)場供電(dian)(dian)設(she)備維護的(de)(de)安全性，還可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)自(zi)動化手(shou)段提高現(xian)場設(she)備維護的(de)(de)效率(lv)(lv)。例如通(tong)過(guo)智能聯(lian)鎖(suo)技(ji)(ji)術，可以(yi)將原來相互分散和(he)孤立的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備緊密聯(lian)系起(qi)來，對于不符合(he)條件的(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)進行(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)閉鎖(suo)，防止(zhi)發生(sheng)誤操作(zuo)(zuo)。此(ci)外，當(dang)前(qian)的(de)(de)視頻監控技(ji)(ji)術發展(zhan)迅猛，各(ge)行(xing)各(ge)業(ye)已(yi)在廣泛應用，這給日常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)帶(dai)來巨大便(bian)利，城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道交通(tong)現(xian)場由于涉(she)及(ji)到很多重要設(she)備，日常運行(xing)及(ji)檢修過(guo)程中有(you)必要進行(xing)實時遠程監視，以(yi)掌握現(xian)場的(de)(de)實時情(qing)況。

2供電運行安全生產管理體(ti)系(xi)建設

供(gong)電(dian)運行安全生產管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建設主(zhu)要(yao)涵蓋(gai)全線整體(ti)(ti)性(xing)(xing)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)運行防(fang)誤(wu)操作(zuo)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建設、工作(zuo)票和操作(zuo)票管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)電(dian)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)建設、安全高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)的(de)接觸網檢修接地作(zuo)業模式建設、接地線的(de)智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)(hua)規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)建設、巡檢作(zuo)業的(de)電(dian)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)建設以(yi)及現場作(zuo)業遠程視(shi)頻(pin)監護建設幾個方面。系(xi)統(tong)組成如圖3所示。該體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建設需(xu)要(yao)解決的(de)核心(xin)問題(ti)是利(li)用技(ji)術性(xing)(xing)的(de)防(fang)誤(wu)操作(zuo)措施解決供(gong)電(dian)運行作(zuo)業的(de)安全性(xing)(xing)問題(ti)，利(li)用電(dian)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)、信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)手段提高(gao)(gao)供(gong)電(dian)運行中(zhong)的(de)作(zuo)業效(xiao)率(lv)問題(ti)。

2.1全(quan)線(xian)整體性供(gong)電(dian)運行(xing)防誤操作管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體系建設目前地(di)鐵運營單位在供(gong)電(dian)運行(xing)安全(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方面大都制定了詳細、完善的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)措施，但(dan)現行(xing)的(de)規章制度(du)基本依靠人(ren)來保障執(zhi)行(xing)，缺乏有效的(de)技術保障。所(suo)以需(xu)要從全(quan)線(xian)考慮(lv)，用技術手(shou)段解決整體性供(gong)電(dian)運行(xing)防誤操作管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)問題，實現包括電(dian)調監控中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)（OCC）、維(wei)修中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)供(gong)電(dian)部(bu)變電(dian)分(fen)部(bu)、維(wei)修中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)供(gong)電(dian)部(bu)接觸網分(fen)部(bu)、車輛中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)維(wei)修部(bu)檢修分(fen)部(bu)等多(duo)部(bu)門、多(duo)班組、多(duo)地(di)點(dian)、多(duo)層次安全(quan)生產、協(xie)同(tong)工作及設備交叉作業的(de)綜(zong)合防誤操作管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)問題。

2.2工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)、操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電子(zi)化(hua)建(jian)設目前多數地(di)鐵供電系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)、操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)靠手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)書寫，容易出(chu)現字(zi)跡潦草不(bu)清、出(chu)錯重寫等(deng)情況，開票(piao)(piao)效率低；工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)和操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)的(de)(de)(de)審核(he)、流程(cheng)控制(zhi)使用電話(hua)、傳(chuan)真等(deng)傳(chuan)統(tong)方式，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)順(shun)序(xu)靠人為控制(zhi)，安全(quan)措施(shi)難于(yu)控制(zhi)。軌道交通供電運行(xing)安全(quan)生產管理(li)(li)體系建(jian)設還需要考慮構建(jian)電子(zi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)管理(li)(li)平臺，能夠根據作(zuo)(zuo)業令生成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)及(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)模版，實現電子(zi)化(hua)開票(piao)(piao)、防誤(wu)邏輯判斷、網絡流轉控制(zhi)及(ji)管理(li)(li)功能，代(dai)替手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)填(tian)寫紙(zhi)質票(piao)(piao)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)模式，提(ti)高了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效率。

2.3安(an)全(quan)高效的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)網(wang)(wang)檢修接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)模式(shi)建設目前大多地(di)(di)鐵公司接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)網(wang)(wang)檢修接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)中的(de)(de)掛地(di)(di)線操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和(he)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之間(jian)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)順(shun)序僅僅在(zai)管理制度上(shang)進(jin)(jin)行了規定，并未(wei)實現嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)技術(shu)關聯。由于接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)網(wang)(wang)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)和(he)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻繁(fan)，又沒有(you)(you)技術(shu)手段進(jin)(jin)行有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)控制，所(suo)以誤操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)事故(gu)時有(you)(you)發生。接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)網(wang)(wang)智(zhi)能驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)裝置研究思路：通過一種智(zhi)能裝置，融合在(zai)線驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)、人工驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)等功能，并實現驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)和(he)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)之間(jian)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)聯鎖，保(bao)證接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)網(wang)(wang)帶電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下無法進(jin)(jin)行接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，確保(bao)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)安(an)全(quan)。同時，簡化(hua)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方式(shi)，僅在(zai)裝置上(shang)使用便捷的(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)完成就(jiu)地(di)(di)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)和(he)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，而(er)不采(cai)用傳統的(de)(de)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)棒(bang)和(he)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)棒(bang)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)對接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)網(wang)(wang)進(jin)(jin)行操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，提高工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率。具體安(an)裝示意如圖4所(suo)示。

2.4接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)智能化(hua)、規范(fan)(fan)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理建設目前(qian)大多地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵公司不管(guan)(guan)是變電所還是接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸網，對于使(shi)用的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)缺乏(fa)有效技(ji)術性管(guan)(guan)理手段，需要時(shi)隨意使(shi)用，無法掌握(wo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)現場的(de)使(shi)用情況(kuang)，缺乏(fa)強制閉(bi)鎖(suo)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)漏(lou)掛、漏(lou)拆(chai)、誤掛、誤拆(chai)等情況(kuang)無法監管(guan)(guan)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)智能化(hua)、規范(fan)(fan)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理思路(lu)：通(tong)過(guo)智能地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)柜和內置(zhi)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理器主機、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)檢測(ce)閉(bi)鎖(suo)機構(gou)來實(shi)現地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)強制閉(bi)鎖(suo)和規范(fan)(fan)管(guan)(guan)理。智能地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)檢測(ce)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)為安裝(zhuang)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上的(de)無線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)信裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，能實(shi)現臨時(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)所掛接(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)樁的(de)識別，并實(shi)時(shi)與遠方主機通(tong)信上傳地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)位置(zhi)與狀態。具體管(guan)(guan)理結構(gou)見圖5。

2.5巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)業電(dian)(dian)子(zi)化(hua)建(jian)設(she)目前(qian)大(da)多(duo)軌道交(jiao)通(tong)運行管(guan)理單(dan)位雖有巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制度(du)，但(dan)無技術措施保(bao)障(zhang)巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制度(du)的執行，無法(fa)監控巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人員是否按時巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)到(dao)位，不(bu)能及(ji)時了解巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)結(jie)果和設(she)備(bei)(bei)的缺陷狀態，對歷(li)史數據的查詢、統(tong)(tong)計分析(xi)非常困難。電(dian)(dian)子(zi)化(hua)巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)業建(jian)設(she)思(si)路：設(she)計一套電(dian)(dian)子(zi)化(hua)巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)系統(tong)(tong)，規范設(she)備(bei)(bei)巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)標準，量化(hua)設(she)備(bei)(bei)巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)過(guo)程，保(bao)障(zhang)人員巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)到(dao)位，保(bao)證設(she)備(bei)(bei)安全；通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)化(hua)巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)系統(tong)(tong)積累設(she)備(bei)(bei)狀態數據，建(jian)立(li)設(she)備(bei)(bei)評價體(ti)系，為設(she)備(bei)(bei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)提(ti)供依據，為輔(fu)助決策(ce)打下基礎，提(ti)高設(she)備(bei)(bei)管(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)效率。

2.6現(xian)場(chang)作(zuo)業(ye)遠(yuan)程(cheng)視頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)體系建設(she)目前大(da)多(duo)地鐵公司在(zai)部分電氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)場(chang)所安裝(zhuang)了攝像機，但主要(yao)功(gong)能(neng)是以環(huan)境、防盜監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)為(wei)主，未實現(xian)現(xian)場(chang)電氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)及(ji)告警(jing)的(de)視頻(pin)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)。所以，有必要(yao)研究(jiu)一種遠(yuan)程(cheng)視頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)技(ji)術，以實現(xian)對現(xian)場(chang)電氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)過程(cheng)的(de)視頻(pin)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)、告警(jing)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)視、巡檢聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)視、事故錄(lu)像及(ji)回放等功(gong)能(neng)。通過操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)視頻(pin)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)，值(zhi)班人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)中心(xin)對遠(yuan)方設(she)備(bei)(bei)進行模擬操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)或遙控(kong)(kong)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)，可以實時(shi)了解現(xian)場(chang)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)情況(kuang)以及(ji)相關設(she)備(bei)(bei)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)前后的(de)運行狀況(kuang)，減少巡檢人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)前往現(xian)場(chang)的(de)頻(pin)度和時(shi)間，提高(gao)工作(zuo)效率(lv)。

2.7系統(tong)(tong)(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)布置(zhi)方案(an)城市軌(gui)道(dao)交通供電(dian)(dian)(dian)運行(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)方案(an)如圖6所(suo)(suo)(suo)示。該系統(tong)(tong)(tong)各級管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)職(zhi)責分別如下：（1）OCC控制(zhi)中心：OCC電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)監控機(ji)房設(she)有(you)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)務器(qi)(qi)，安(an)裝(zhuang)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)軟件(jian)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)全(quan)(quan)線(xian)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)、操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)、巡檢(jian)(jian)數據的(de)(de)集中管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與處(chu)理(li)(li)功(gong)能(neng)；服(fu)務器(qi)(qi)與OCC層SCADA系統(tong)(tong)(tong)通信，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)互傳遙信，遙控軟閉(bi)鎖功(gong)能(neng)。（2）變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)區(qu)：變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在系統(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)站(zhan)上(shang)根(gen)(gen)據作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業令進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)的(de)(de)編制(zhi)、審核(he)，提交電(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)批準，并根(gen)(gen)據需要生(sheng)成、打印相關指導性(xing)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)文檔。（3）接觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)工(gong)(gong)區(qu)：接觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)工(gong)(gong)區(qu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為接觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)維護人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)在地，設(she)置(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)站(zhan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)站(zhan)，以(yi)便(bian)檢(jian)(jian)修人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)對(dui)需要檢(jian)(jian)修操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)辦理(li)(li)及(ji)(ji)(ji)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)成和電(dian)(dian)(dian)子簽發，檢(jian)(jian)修班組人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)對(dui)接觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)的(de)(de)接地點進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)遠(yuan)方視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)監視(shi)(shi)(shi)，實(shi)(shi)時(shi)跟蹤和檢(jian)(jian)測臨時(shi)接地線(xian)在現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)掛接的(de)(de)位置(zhi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)狀(zhuang)態。（4）DCC檢(jian)(jian)調(diao)：DCC檢(jian)(jian)調(diao)負責車輛(liang)段庫區(qu)隔離(li)開(kai)關、地線(xian)的(de)(de)防誤操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)圖像(xiang)監視(shi)(shi)(shi)，同時(shi)具備(bei)(bei)數據上(shang)傳OCC安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)服(fu)務器(qi)(qi)等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)。另外，還具備(bei)(bei)模擬(ni)(ni)預演以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)開(kai)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)。（5）變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)：變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)模擬(ni)(ni)預演、操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)生(sheng)成及(ji)(ji)(ji)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)聯動(dong)等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)。（6）接觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)：接觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)設(she)置(zhi)可視(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)遠(yuan)程驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)接地柜，安(an)裝(zhuang)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)攝像(xiang)頭等(deng)設(she)備(bei)(bei)，以(yi)便(bian)值班人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)遠(yuan)程接地或監視(shi)(shi)(shi)接觸(chu)(chu)網(wang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)運行(xing)情況。（7）車輛(liang)段檢(jian)(jian)修庫：車輛(liang)段檢(jian)(jian)修庫放置(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)防誤元件(jian)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)設(she)備(bei)(bei)，對(dui)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)邏輯(ji)判斷，同時(shi)可以(yi)通過(guo)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)遠(yuan)程觀(guan)察監控，能(neng)夠對(dui)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)出平(ping)臺的(de)(de)情況進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)聯鎖判斷以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)全(quan)(quan)警示，確保人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)出平(ping)臺的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。

3新體系建設(she)效益分析(xi)

城市軌(gui)道交通的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全運行(xing)離不開每天(tian)高質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)，正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)運營(ying)維(wei)護一般(ban)在0:00～4:00之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4h內(nei)進行(xing)，目前(qian)僅檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)停電時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)需要(yao)1.5h，有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)作業(ye)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)僅剩2h左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。軌(gui)道交通供電運行(xing)安(an)全生產管理(li)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入使用(yong)，能夠將檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)停電時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)縮短到(dao)(dao)0.5h，有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)作業(ye)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)提高到(dao)(dao)3h左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，正常維(wei)護檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)作業(ye)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)得到(dao)(dao)了保障(zhang)，提高了檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)質量(liang)，降低了設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)概率，行(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全性、可靠(kao)性得到(dao)(dao)了保證(zheng)。

4工程應用分析

目前國內已有多個地(di)(di)鐵公司，如廣(guang)州地(di)(di)鐵、寧波地(di)(di)鐵等進行(xing)了(le)較為完整(zheng)的(de)軌(gui)道交通供(gong)電(dian)(dian)運行(xing)安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)體系(xi)建設(she)(she)，搭建了(le)一套(tao)城軌(gui)交通供(gong)電(dian)(dian)運行(xing)安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，實(shi)現了(le)包括城市軌(gui)道交通供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)整(zheng)體電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)防誤(wu)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)管(guan)理(li)、工(gong)作(zuo)票(piao)和操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)票(piao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)子開票(piao)及網絡化(hua)流(liu)轉、接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網直流(liu)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)閉鎖、接(jie)地(di)(di)線管(guan)理(li)、接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網智(zhi)能(neng)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)接(jie)地(di)(di)、遠(yuan)程視頻(pin)聯動監護等功(gong)能(neng)，解決了(le)城軌(gui)交通供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)整(zheng)體性的(de)安全(quan)運行(xing)保障(zhang)問題。與(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)微機防誤(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)相比，該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)在多個方面具有明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)優勢，對比情況見表1。由表1可(ke)知，城軌(gui)交通供(gong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)作(zuo)業安全(quan)保障(zhang)最(zui)全(quan)面，流(liu)程管(guan)控最(zui)完整(zheng)；該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)節省作(zuo)業準(zhun)備(bei)時間2h以(yi)上(shang)；且接(jie)地(di)(di)作(zuo)業操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)安全(quan)性最(zui)高(gao)；每次接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網接(jie)地(di)(di)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)時間與(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)微機防誤(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)比可(ke)節約(yue)1倍以(yi)上(shang)。

5結語

軌道(dao)(dao)交通(tong)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)離(li)不開安(an)(an)全(quan)、規(gui)范、可(ke)靠的(de)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，目前(qian)地鐵運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)單位(wei)主要(yao)(yao)依靠詳細、完善的(de)各種規(gui)章(zhang)制度與管(guan)理措施來保(bao)(bao)障供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)，缺乏有效(xiao)的(de)技術保(bao)(bao)障，另外，部分流程(cheng)未實現(xian)電(dian)子化(hua)管(guan)理，效(xiao)率(lv)較(jiao)低。所以，為保(bao)(bao)證供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)可(ke)靠運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)，有必要(yao)(yao)從全(quan)線考慮，利用技術手段(duan)整體(ti)(ti)性解決軌道(dao)(dao)交通(tong)供(gong)電(dian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)問題,同時(shi)縮短作(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)間、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)、規(gui)范管(guan)理。因此，從目前(qian)的(de)軌道(dao)(dao)交通(tong)供(gong)電(dian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)管(guan)理現(xian)狀來看(kan)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)單位(wei)迫切需要(yao)(yao)建設(she)一(yi)套程(cheng)序化(hua)、網絡化(hua)、可(ke)視化(hua)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)障體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，同時(shi)應推進(jin)該體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)標(biao)準化(hua)建設(she)工(gong)作(zuo)，以實現(xian)軌道(dao)(dao)交通(tong)安(an)(an)全(quan)、高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)、低成本的(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)目標(biao)。

參考文獻：

[1]郭(guo)德龍，張(zhang)佳.城市軌道交(jiao)通電(dian)力(li)調度(du)典型操(cao)作(zuo)票系統[J].城市軌道交(jiao)通研究，2006，9（10）.

[2]宋大治，蔡彬(bin)彬(bin).地鐵(tie)35kV供電(dian)網絡安全聯鎖設置[J].電(dian)氣化鐵(tie)道(dao)，2009，（6）.

[3]劉家軍，劉博，安源，等.接觸網作業(ye)地線的信息收集裝置的研究[J].2011，9（5）.

[4]馬(ma)成(cheng)祿(lu).淺談城市軌道交通供電高壓(ya)供電倒閘作業的(de)要求[J].劍南文學經典(dian)閱讀(du)，2011，（11）.

[5]嚴永樂.鐵路電氣化接(jie)觸網停電施工(gong)掛接(jie)地線問題(ti)的探(tan)討[J].鐵道通信信號，2009，45（4）.

[6]孫(sun)德龍.微機(ji)“五防(fang)”技(ji)術在城市軌道交通供(gong)電(dian)系統的應用探討[J].城市建設理論研究（電(dian)子版），2012，（3）.

篇7

關鍵詞：軌道交通三維模型(xing)自動建(jian)模

Abstract:In this paper, according to the characteristics of object track traffic engineering structure, equipment, diseases, and discusses the importance of automatic 3D modeling in 3D model generation of rail traffic engineering, research and analysis of the related information model, presents the process and method of 3D automatic modeling. According to the actual situation of Shanghai rail transit line 13 stages of design and construction of tunnel structure, created a project of Metro Line 13 structural engineering. At present, the 3D automatic modeling function has been used in Shanghai Metro Line 13, and achieved good results.

Keywords: urban rail transit; 3D model; automatic modeling;

 中圖(tu)分類號：U213.2文(wen)獻(xian)標識(shi)碼：A文(wen)章編號：

引言

三維模型(xing)經常用三維建模工具這種專門的(de)(de)軟件生(sheng)(sheng)成，但是(shi)也可以(yi)用其它方法(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)成。作為點和其它信息集(ji)合的(de)(de)數據，三維模型(xing)可以(yi)手工生(sheng)(sheng)成，也可以(yi)按(an)照(zhao)一(yi)定的(de)(de)算法(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)成。

軌道交(jiao)通工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中，結構(gou)、設備、病害等(deng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型雖然無(wu)異于普(pu)通三維模(mo)(mo)(mo)型的(de)建立(li)，但(dan)軌道交(jiao)通工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型信息量大(da)，每個模(mo)(mo)(mo)型構(gou)件(jian)都(dou)需要精確定位，一般手工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)成(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型的(de)方(fang)式工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量巨大(da)，且很難滿足這種要求模(mo)(mo)(mo)型精度要求。因此(ci)提(ti)取并利用軌道交(jiao)通工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)相(xiang)關數據，進行模(mo)(mo)(mo)型的(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序自動(dong)化建模(mo)(mo)(mo)是十(shi)分必要的(de)。

建模軟件介紹

Multigen Creator是一個(ge)高(gao)(gao)度專業化的(de)工具，幫助(zhu)建(jian)模(mo)者(zhe)創建(jian)高(gao)(gao)效的(de)三(san)維(wei)模(mo)型和地(di)形(xing)用于(yu)交互式(shi)實時應(ying)用。交互式(shi)應(ying)用據其(qi)性質有多種，范圍(wei)從用于(yu)軍事的(de)個(ge)人(ren)飛行(xing)和駕駛訓(xun)練(lian)模(mo)擬到建(jian)筑(zhu)項目的(de)視景演示，其(qi)模(mo)型格(ge)式(shi)OpenFlight可直接用于(yu)三(san)維(wei)引擎VegaPrime的(de)瀏覽和使用。

OpenFlightAPI是一個(ge)包含頭文件和鏈接庫的(de)(de)(de)C語(yu)言庫，它提分了(le)訪(fang)問OpenFlight數(shu)據庫和Creator模型(xing)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)接口方法。通過(guo)其(qi)API可以(yi)進行OpenFlight模型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換、實時的(de)(de)(de)模擬仿真、自動建模以(yi)及(ji)通過(guo)插件的(de)(de)(de)形式對Creator進行功(gong)能擴展。

建模原理

基(ji)于OpenFlightAPI的(de)軌道交通模型(xing)程(cheng)序自動化(hua)建(jian)模，是指軌道交通工程(cheng)中結(jie)構構件(jian)、病害(hai)信(xin)息等實體對(dui)象，已具有(you)零件(jian)模型(xing)或(huo)斷面模型(xing)的(de)部(bu)分，根據數據庫內的(de)定位信(xin)息，利(li)用OpenFlightAPI按照一定的(de)組織關(guan)系(xi)進(jin)行拼裝，生成符合三維平臺要求的(de)Flt格式(shi)模型(xing)文件(jian)。基(ji)本流程(cheng)如下圖：

根(gen)據實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)軌(gui)道交通工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)例對象的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結(jie)，管片、病害等大(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)模型(xing)可先按照設計施工(gong)信(xin)(xin)息，在(zai)隧道斷面上的(de)(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)，再依靠(kao)標識(shi)ID、線路信(xin)(xin)息、里程(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)息、自(zi)轉信(xin)(xin)息這4個主要信(xin)(xin)息來進行斷面的(de)(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)，對一些特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)模型(xing)對象，則(ze)補充(chong)(chong)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息也可以滿足一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)關系，以實(shi)現相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，如時間信(xin)(xin)息和(he)類型(xing)信(xin)(xin)息。因此，可將大(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)模型(xing)作為同一類型(xing)處理，通過(guo)配置(zhi)文件的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)，來讀取數據庫中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要信(xin)(xin)息和(he)補充(chong)(chong)信(xin)(xin)息。

從建(jian)模(mo)(mo)方(fang)式(shi)上，模(mo)(mo)型(xing)建(jian)模(mo)(mo)又可分為(wei)零件(jian)(jian)拼(pin)裝和(he)斷面(mian)拉(la)伸(shen)兩種方(fang)式(shi)，如預制管片的建(jian)模(mo)(mo)為(wei)零件(jian)(jian)拼(pin)裝方(fang)式(shi)，而(er)牛腿等(deng)同步施工構件(jian)(jian)則是通過斷面(mian)拉(la)伸(shen)來實現。

從組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)關(guan)系上，建模(mo)又可分為時間組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)關(guan)系和無(wu)時間組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)關(guan)系，如管片的設計模(mo)型(xing)(xing)和施工(gong)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)，按時間組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)關(guan)系的模(mo)型(xing)(xing)可時間施工(gong)進度回(hui)放等功能。

而(er)對(dui)一類模(mo)型中，可根據(ju)一定(ding)的規則，區分其內部(bu)的分類，如病(bing)害信(xin)息(xi)中滲漏水，可以根據(ju)面積、長度、寬度等信(xin)息(xi)制定(ding)一定(ding)的規則，調用(yong)不(bu)同大小的零件模(mo)型，從而(er)表現出其類型的區別。

綜上(shang)所述，可通過一個配置文件，對一類模(mo)型，包含ID、線路(lu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)、里程信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)、自轉信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)、建(jian)模(mo)方式、時(shi)間信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)以(yi)及類型規(gui)則(ze)，就(jiu)可以(yi)概括大(da)部分的模(mo)型內容。其中(zhong)，ID、線路(lu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)、里程信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)、自轉信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)和建(jian)模(mo)方式為(wei)必(bi)須信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，時(shi)間信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)和類型規(gui)則(ze)為(wei)補充信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，如留空，則(ze)按默(mo)認(ren)規(gui)則(ze)處理建(jian)模(mo)，如下(xia)圖：

建模流程

建模流程如下圖：

讀(du)取(qu)(qu)配置文件：每一類需要(yao)建(jian)(jian)模(mo)的(de)(de)對(dui)象建(jian)(jian)模(mo)時，所需要(yao)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)模(mo)信息在數據庫中(zhong)對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)字(zi)段名(ming)，都被記(ji)錄在配置文件中(zhong)，自動建(jian)(jian)模(mo)程序會(hui)根(gen)據配置文件中(zhong)的(de)(de)內容，讀(du)取(qu)(qu)相應(ying)的(de)(de)數據。配置文件內還記(ji)錄零件類型判斷信息，用(yong)于建(jian)(jian)模(mo)時判斷需要(yao)調用(yong)哪一零件模(mo)型；

讀取(qu)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)數據：讀取(qu)數據庫中的“線(xian)(xian)路(lu)設計(ji)表”、“平(ping)面軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)表”和“縱面軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)表”，獲(huo)取(qu)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)數據，以提(ti)供給軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)算(suan)法(fa)使(shi)用(yong)，同時讀取(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)信息，用(yong)于組織(zhi)模型分段、分類使(shi)用(yong)；

讀取更新數(shu)據：讀取數(shu)據庫內(nei)的“數(shu)據更新表”，取出數(shu)據并清空(kong)該次讀取的數(shu)據記(ji)錄

對(dui)(dui)取出(chu)的數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)先根據(ju)(ju)配(pei)置(zhi)文件內模型對(dui)(dui)應數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)表名分類(lei)，再對(dui)(dui)每一類(lei)模型的數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，按照更新類(lei)型和線(xian)路分類(lei)；

對(dui)每一(yi)類(lei)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)將更(geng)新(xin)數據按照更(geng)新(xin)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)和(he)線路分類(lei)后，按照里(li)程和(he)分段(duan)長度判(pan)斷需(xu)要(yao)修(xiu)改(gai)哪(na)段(duan)flt模(mo)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)件，對(dui)該(gai)(gai)段(duan)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)進行相(xiang)應(ying)的操(cao)作(zuo)，如(ru)是需(xu)要(yao)添(tian)加(jia)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)，則(ze)根據配置文(wen)件內的判(pan)斷規則(ze)，調用相(xiang)應(ying)的零件模(mo)型(xing)(xing)，添(tian)加(jia)定位到模(mo)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)件中(zhong)。如(ru)果該(gai)(gai)類(lei)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)包含(han)時間(jian)信(xin)(xin)息，則(ze)按時間(jian)關系組織(zhi)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)件，并記錄該(gai)(gai)段(duan)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)的起(qi)始時間(jian)信(xin)(xin)息到相(xiang)應(ying)的xml文(wen)件中(zhong)；

根據(ju)更新數據(ju)涉及的模型(xing)(xing)，對每一類模型(xing)(xing)重復第(di)5步操(cao)作，并(bing)記錄所有(you)修(xiu)改了的模型(xing)(xing)文件的文件名(ming)；

根據第(di)6步操(cao)作(zuo)中記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)的文件(jian)名(ming)，遍歷(li)模型文件(jian)，記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)模型的尺寸信息，以(yi)供VP程(cheng)序大地形(xing)管(guan)理用。

三(san)維自動建(jian)模在上海軌道交(jiao)通13號線中的應(ying)用(yong)

上(shang)(shang)海(hai)軌(gui)道交通(tong)13號(hao)線一(yi)期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)為(wei)縱(zong)貫中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)城區“西北——東南”軸向的重要主干(gan)線，線路(lu)全(quan)長(chang)約為(wei)16.5公里(li)，線路(lu)途經上(shang)(shang)海(hai)市嘉定、普陀、閘北、靜安4個行政管轄(xia)區。其中(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)期(qi)西段共設8座(zuo)車(che)站，全(quan)部為(wei)地下站，區間隧道施工(gong)采用盾構法，盾構直徑6.34m。

利用13號線一期工程的工程數據，通過(guo)自動建模(mo)(mo)程序(xu)，建立了隧(sui)道區間模(mo)(mo)型，其效(xiao)果如下：

結論

通(tong)過(guo)對軌道交通(tong)13號線一期工(gong)(gong)程設(she)計施工(gong)(gong)數(shu)據的(de)分析研(yan)究，提取出結構(gou)、病(bing)害等(deng)各(ge)類(lei)信息的(de)單(dan)體及定位信息，對齊進行(xing)分類(lei)歸納，利用(yong)OpenFlightAPI進行(xing)三(san)維模(mo)(mo)(mo)型的(de)程序話(hua)自動建模(mo)(mo)(mo)，生成了高(gao)精確的(de)軌道交通(tong)結構(gou)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型，準確的(de)表(biao)現(xian)了隧道設(she)計施工(gong)(gong)參數(shu)，同時對每(mei)個結構(gou)單(dan)體模(mo)(mo)(mo)型標記了ID，為后續工(gong)(gong)程信息掛接、數(shu)據表(biao)現(xian)分析、場景管(guan)理等(deng)功(gong)能預留了接口，為后續三(san)維平臺的(de)功(gong)能開發(fa)提供了基(ji)礎。

參考文獻

張茂軍(jun). 虛擬現實系(xi)統(tong). 北京:科學(xue)出版社，2001

篇8

>> 基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)MATLAB/simulink的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛行控制系(xi)統(tong)半實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji) 中低(di)端微處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)器(qi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)軟(ruan)件仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)MMU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)VLSI平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)MIPS處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)器(qi)仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji) 基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)VLSI平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)AVR處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)器(qi)仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji) 基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)VLSI平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)C51處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)器(qi)仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji) 基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)MicroBlaze軟(ruan)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無線定位(wei)算法驗證平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 面向醫院(yuan)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 航(hang)空(kong)發動(dong)機總體(ti)性能仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 通(tong)用實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)學仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 公路隧道(dao)交通(tong)誘導仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 城(cheng)市軌道(dao)交通(tong)系(xi)統(tong)運行仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 可視化(hua)(hua)通(tong)信原(yuan)理(li)仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)GUI方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)通(tong)用架構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)紅外圖像信息處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)器(qi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji) 雙(shuang)TSC695F處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)器(qi)在微小(xiao)衛星電(dian)子平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用 SAR仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)機仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)方法分析 基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)安卓(zhuo)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)井(jing)控信息處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 一種TRAD干(gan)擾(rao)下單脈沖巴克碼(ma)PD雷(lei)達(da)制導信息處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)全(quan)數字仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai) 單相電(dian)弧(hu)爐硬件仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 衛星推進系(xi)統(tong)仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)架構(gou)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)USRP 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無線網(wang)絡MAC協議半實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)系(xi)統(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian) 常見(jian)問題解(jie)答(da) 當(dang)前(qian)所(suo)在位(wei)置：l？re=view.

[6] 佚名(ming).X5045看門狗電路及其應用(yong)[EB/OL].[2009?01?08]..

[7] 求是科技.單片機典型(xing)模塊設計實例導航(hang)[M].北(bei)京(jing)：人民郵(you)電(dian)出(chu)版社，2002.

[8] 何香玲，鄭鋼，范(fan)秋華.GPS定位信息的采集和顯(xian)示[J].自動化儀表(biao)，2007，28 （3）：40?42.

[9] 薛鈞義，張彥斌.MCS?51，96系列單片微型計(ji)算機及其應用[M].西安：西安交通大學出版(ban)社，1997.

篇9

關(guan)鍵字：城市軌道；通(tong)信系統；總體(ti)構成

Abstract: urban rail traffic communication system task is to establish a audio-visual link nets, improve the modern management level and relay voice, data, images and text, etc all kinds of information. In order to ensure rail traffic safety and high efficiency in operation, rail traffic communication system mainly from two of the improvement. On the one hand expanded perfect some new functions and modules, such as communication integrated network management system; On the other hand to some traditional module to adopt new technology, to make them performance improvement. System mainly by the transmission system, public telephone system, special phone system, wireless communication system, broadcasting system, clock system, video monitoring system, the passenger information system, power and grounding system, communication integrated network management system of subsystems such as.

Key word: urban rail; Communication system; General structure

中(zhong)圖分類號(hao)(hao)： V553.1+8 文(wen)獻標識碼(ma)：A 文(wen)章編號(hao)(hao)：

1.傳輸系統

傳輸系統(tong)是最重要(yao)的子系統(tong)，在進行(xing)總(zong)體方案及系統(tong)容(rong)量設計(ji)時，應考慮近(jin)期建設和遠期發展的需求(qiu)，確保系統(tong)性能(neng)可靠，容(rong)量可擴，系統(tong)構(gou)建相對靈(ling)活(huo)。

為(wei)了(le)滿足軌道交通信(xin)(xin)號(hao)、電力監控(kong)、防災(zai)、環(huan)境及設備監控(kong)、自動(dong)售檢(jian)票及語音等(deng)多種業(ye)務信(xin)(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)需要，傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)系統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)以(yi)光遷(qian)通信(xin)(xin)為(wei)主的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)介質。傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)邏輯拓(tuo)撲(pu)結構(gou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)環(huan)結構(gou)，從而保證(zheng)系統(tong)在(zai)故障情況下仍可(ke)提(ti)供(gong)更好的(de)(de)系統(tong)恢復(fu)能力，提(ti)高網(wang)絡(luo)運行的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性。網(wang)絡(luo)節點(dian)及用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)接口模塊(kuai)是用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)接入網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)唯一(yi)途徑。用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)端的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)經網(wang)絡(luo)節點(dian)實現(xian)上傳(chuan)下載(zai)。由于(yu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)多樣性，系統(tong)可(ke)為(wei)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)提(ti)供(gong)豐富的(de)(de)接口類型。傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)設備的(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)管理(li)系統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)成熟的(de)(de)操作系統(tong)，功能強大(da)，界面友好，操作人員(yuan)可(ke)輕(qing)松完成對網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)配(pei)置、管理(li)及維(wei)護(hu)工作。

2.公務電話系統

軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)公(gong)務(wu)(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)系統是作(zuo)為專網進行網絡構建(jian)的，由程控(kong)(kong)交(jiao)換機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)及附屬設備組成。公(gong)務(wu)(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)系統與公(gong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)網的連(lian)接(jie)方式采(cai)用全自動呼(hu)出(chu)、呼(hu)入方式，通(tong)過2M 數(shu)字中(zhong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路工作(zuo)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)納入本地公(gong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)網統一(yi)編號(hao)。系統功(gong)(gong)能主要包(bao)(bao)括：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)交(jiao)換功(gong)(gong)能、計費(fei)功(gong)(gong)能、非話(hua)(hua)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)能（包(bao)(bao)括數(shu)據、傳(chuan)真等(deng)(deng)非話(hua)(hua)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)）、復原控(kong)(kong)制方式功(gong)(gong)能、號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)存儲(chu)和譯碼(ma)(ma)功(gong)(gong)能、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路選(xuan)擇和釋放功(gong)(gong)能、新業(ye)務(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)能（包(bao)(bao)括縮(suo)位撥號(hao)、熱線服(fu)務(wu)(wu)、呼(hu)叫限制、三方通(tong)話(hua)(hua)、呼(hu)叫轉移(yi)、強拆(chai)/強插等(deng)(deng)新功(gong)(gong)能）、維(wei)護管(guan)理(li)功(gong)(gong)能、過壓過流(liu)保(bao)護與抗干擾(rao)功(gong)(gong)能。

3.專用電話系統

專(zhuan)用(yong)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)系(xi)統是為運(yun)營組(zu)織(zhi)、電(dian)力供應(ying)、設(she)備維護和防(fang)災(zai)救護提(ti)供有(you)效通(tong)信手段的(de)重(zhong)要通(tong)信系(xi)統。該(gai)系(xi)統主要由調(diao)度(du)總機(ji)(ji)(ji)、調(diao)度(du)臺(tai)(tai)、調(diao)度(du)分(fen)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)成，并通(tong)過傳(chuan)輸系(xi)統連接而成。調(diao)度(du)總機(ji)(ji)(ji)是調(diao)度(du)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)子系(xi)統的(de)核心(xin)部分(fen)，由具有(you)交換(huan)功能的(de)交換(huan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)交換(huan)模塊(kuai)組(zu)成。調(diao)度(du)臺(tai)(tai)設(she)在控(kong)制中(zhong)心(xin)，是調(diao)度(du)業務的(de)操作控(kong)制臺(tai)(tai)。調(diao)度(du)分(fen)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為普通(tong)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，與總機(ji)(ji)(ji)通(tong)過傳(chuan)輸系(xi)統提(ti)供的(de)點對點專(zhuan)用(yong)音頻話(hua)(hua)路連接。

實際(ji)應用(yong)中的系統主(zhu)要功(gong)能(neng)包括(kuo)：通話功(gong)能(neng)、選叫功(gong)能(neng)（即調度臺(tai)對分機進行單(dan)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)、組(zu)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)、全呼(hu)(hu)(hu)及(ji)分機對調度臺(tai)進行一般(ban)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)叫或緊急(ji)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)叫）、會議功(gong)能(neng)、錄音功(gong)能(neng)、維護管理(li)功(gong)能(neng)。

4.無線通信系統

無線通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)為控制中心(xin)調度(du)員(yuan)、車(che)(che)輛(liang)基(ji)(ji)地(di)調度(du)員(yuan)、車(che)(che)站(zhan)值班員(yuan)等(deng)固定用戶(hu)(hu)與列車(che)(che)司(si)機、防災、維修(xiu)、公安等(deng)移(yi)動用戶(hu)(hu)之間(jian)(jian)提供通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)手段的專用系(xi)統(tong)。無線通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)系(xi)統(tong)采用有線和無線相結合的傳輸方(fang)式。中心(xin)無線設(she)備通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過傳輸系(xi)統(tong)與車(che)(che)站(zhan)、車(che)(che)輛(liang)基(ji)(ji)地(di)的無線基(ji)(ji)站(zhan)連接，各基(ji)(ji)站(zhan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過天線空間(jian)(jian)波傳播或(huo)經(jing)漏(lou)纜的輻射構成(cheng)與移(yi)動臺的通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)。無線通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)系(xi)統(tong)根據運營管(guan)理(li)需要分別設(she)置了行車(che)(che)調度(du)、防災調度(du)、綜合維修(xiu)、車(che)(che)輛(liang)基(ji)(ji)地(di)調度(du)等(deng)系(xi)統(tong)。系(xi)統(tong)具有單呼(hu)、組呼(hu)、全(quan)呼(hu)、緊急呼(hu)叫(jiao)、呼(hu)叫(jiao)優先(xian)級權限(xian)設(she)置等(deng)調度(du)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)功(gong)(gong)能，并(bing)具有錄音(yin)、存儲、監測(ce)等(deng)功(gong)(gong)能。

5.視頻監控系統

該系(xi)統為運營相關(guan)人員提供有關(guan)列(lie)車運行、防災救災及乘客疏導等(deng)方面的視頻信息。系(xi)統由車站本地監視系(xi)統、控(kong)制中心遠(yuan)程(cheng)監視系(xi)統、遠(yuan)程(cheng)多路信號傳(chuan)輸(shu)系(xi)統以及多媒體網絡管理終(zhong)端(duan)組(zu)成。系(xi)統具(ju)有監視、控(kong)制優先級、循(xun)環顯示(shi)、任意定格(ge)與鎖(suo)閉、圖像(xiang)選擇、實時錄像(xiang)、攝像(xiang)范圍控(kong)制、字(zi)符疊加(jia)等(deng)功能。

視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)遠距離傳輸(shu)采用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)傳輸(shu)方式，本地(di)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)傳輸(shu)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)采用(yong)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)同軸電纜傳輸(shu)。車站與控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)通過傳輸(shu)系統(tong)進(jin)行傳輸(shu)，同一時刻同時上傳至控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)路(lu)數(shu)僅與控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)需(xu)(xu)同時顯示的(de)路(lu)數(shu)有關，與前端攝像(xiang)機數(shu)量(liang)無關。所以在控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)不需(xu)(xu)設(she)置大容量(liang)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)交換矩陣(zhen)和(he)傳輸(shu)設(she)備(bei)，系統(tong)結構簡(jian)單。

6.廣播系統

廣播(bo)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)城市軌道交通行車(che)組織(zhi)的必要手段(duan)，一方(fang)面對(dui)乘客進行廣播(bo)，通知相關(guan)乘車(che)信息；一方(fang)面又是(shi)(shi)事故搶險，組織(zhi)指揮的防災廣播(bo)；此外還可以(yi)通過廣播(bo)對(dui)運營人(ren)員有(you)關(guan)信息，以(yi)便協同配合工作。

該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采(cai)用模塊化設計、總線式結(jie)構(gou)，由車(che)(che)站級、中(zhong)心(xin)級和(he)(he)列車(che)(che)廣(guang)播(bo)(bo)設備組(zu)(zu)成。具有中(zhong)心(xin)廣(guang)播(bo)(bo)、車(che)(che)站廣(guang)播(bo)(bo)、預存廣(guang)播(bo)(bo)信息、自(zi)動音(yin)(yin)(yin)量調節(jie)、自(zi)動音(yin)(yin)(yin)頻(pin)測試(shi)和(he)(he)遠(yuan)程控(kong)制等(deng)功(gong)能。系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采(cai)用中(zhong)心(xin)廣(guang)播(bo)(bo)和(he)(he)車(che)(che)站廣(guang)播(bo)(bo)兩(liang)級控(kong)制方式，控(kong)制中(zhong)心(xin)的智(zhi)能廣(guang)播(bo)(bo)臺輸出的音(yin)(yin)(yin)頻(pin)信號和(he)(he)控(kong)制信號，通(tong)(tong)過高品質語音(yin)(yin)(yin)卡提供的RS422 通(tong)(tong)道(dao)，經傳(chuan)(chuan)輸系(xi)統(tong)(tong)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸到各站，再通(tong)(tong)過語音(yin)(yin)(yin)卡連接到車(che)(che)站廣(guang)播(bo)(bo)設備，從而實(shi)現控(kong)制中(zhong)心(xin)的遠(yuan)程廣(guang)播(bo)(bo)組(zu)(zu)織和(he)(he)指揮。

7.乘客信息系統

該系統(tong)主要(yao)由(you)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)管理系統(tong)和終端乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)(ke)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)顯(xian)示(shi)屏組成(cheng)，乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)(ke)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)通過(guo)傳輸(shu)系統(tong)傳輸(shu)。在全線(xian)各(ge)車(che)站及(ji)車(che)輛客(ke)(ke)室(shi)內設置乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)(ke)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)顯(xian)示(shi)屏，顯(xian)示(shi)列車(che)到、發、乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)車(che)須知(zhi)、時事(shi)新聞等各(ge)鐘(zhong)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)客(ke)(ke)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)，并在發生突發事(shi)件(jian)時具有報警(jing)聯動功能，顯(xian)示(shi)相(xiang)關(guan)報警(jing)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)。

8.時鐘系統

為(wei)保證(zheng)軌道交通運營準時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)服務乘客、統(tong)一(yi)全(quan)線設備(bei)標準時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，提供(gong)統(tong)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)，設置了時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)系(xi)統(tong)。該系(xi)統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)GPS（全(quan)球衛星定(ding)位系(xi)統(tong)）標準時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息，由(you)GPS 標準時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)接(jie)收單元、中心(xin)一(yi)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、監控設備(bei)、二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及子(zi)(zi)(zi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組成。系(xi)統(tong)設置數字同(tong)步(bu)設備(bei)，一(yi)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)受外部GPS 基準信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)并對一(yi)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行校(xiao)準，一(yi)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、控制中心(xin)的(de)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及其(qi)他需提供(gong)統(tong)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息的(de)各(ge)系(xi)統(tong)發送時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)編碼信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)用(yong)以(yi)校(xiao)準；二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產生時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)提供(gong)本(ben)站(zhan)的(de)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具有萬年歷功能并具有年、月(yue)、日、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、分、秒輸出與顯示。子(zi)(zi)(zi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能顯示時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、分、秒。自身時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)精度，一(yi)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在10-7 以(yi)上，二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在10-6 以(yi)上。一(yi)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)配置數字式多路輸出接(jie)口，以(yi)便向(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)他各(ge)系(xi)統(tong)提供(gong)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)。

9.電源及接地系統

通信設備供電(dian)(dian)(dian)應采用一級(ji)負荷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統應對(dui)通信設備提供不間斷(duan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓及(ji)頻率(lv)相對(dui)穩定的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并具有集(ji)中監控管理功能。

不間斷電(dian)(dian)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)（簡稱UPS）一(yi)般(ban)分為UPS 機柜和蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩部分，可采用(yong)離線式(shi)(shi)UPS 系(xi)(xi)統(tong)或(huo)在(zai)線式(shi)(shi)UPS 系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。離線式(shi)(shi)UPS 系(xi)(xi)統(tong)平時由(you)(you)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)直接(jie)向負載供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)，市(shi)電(dian)(dian)故障(zhang)時瞬(shun)時切(qie)換(huan)到由(you)(you)逆變(bian)器供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)（實用(yong)于對供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)穩(wen)定性(xing)要求不高的設備(bei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)）；在(zai)線式(shi)(shi)UPS 系(xi)(xi)統(tong)由(you)(you)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)經整(zheng)流逆變(bian)后再向負載供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)，市(shi)電(dian)(dian)故障(zhang)時，改由(you)(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)―逆變(bian)器方式(shi)(shi)向負載供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)，這種(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)較前一(yi)種(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)更加穩(wen)定。UPS 系(xi)(xi)統(tong)包含正(zheng)常工作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)工作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)、靜態旁路模(mo)式(shi)(shi)和手(shou)動旁路工作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)四種(zhong)工作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。

 接地(di)(di)系(xi)統設計(ji)應做(zuo)到確(que)保人身、通信設備(bei)安全(quan)和(he)通信設備(bei)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作。通信設備(bei)采用綜合接地(di)(di)方式，綜合接地(di)(di)電阻值要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)大于1Ω，分設室外接地(di)(di)體的(de)保護接地(di)(di)及防雷接地(di)(di)的(de)電阻值要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)大于10Ω。

10.通信綜合網絡管理系統

為實現通(tong)信各子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的集中(zhong)管(guan)理、維護和故(gu)障(zhang)監測，以(yi)便實現故(gu)障(zhang)的快(kuai)速定位，為盡快(kuai)修復故(gu)障(zhang)提(ti)供可(ke)能(neng)，軌道交通(tong)通(tong)信系(xi)(xi)統(tong)專門構建了(le)綜合網(wang)絡(luo)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可(ke)對傳輸(shu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、無線通(tong)信系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、電(dian)話系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、廣播系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、視頻監控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)以(yi)及網(wang)絡(luo)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)自身進行監控管(guan)理。

該(gai)系統(tong)硬件部(bu)分主要(yao)由用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)收集、處(chu)理信息的(de)(de)(de)遠程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)終端(duan)(duan)和(he)位于(yu)(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)中心的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)控(kong)終端(duan)(duan)組成(cheng)。可編程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邏輯控(kong)制(zhi)器（簡(jian)稱PLC）是構成(cheng)遠程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)終端(duan)(duan)和(he)監(jian)控(kong)終端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)核心元件，實現數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)采集、分析和(he)處(chu)理等功能。系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)遠程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)連接及數(shu)據(ju)(ju)傳(chuan)輸仍然(ran)由傳(chuan)輸系統(tong)來實現。軟件部(bu)分包括(kuo)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)PLC 的(de)(de)(de)軟件和(he)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)監(jian)控(kong)終端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)軟件。監(jian)控(kong)終端(duan)(duan)軟件采用(yong)(yong)可視化圖(tu)形(xing)界(jie)面(mian)，界(jie)面(mian)直觀清晰、簡(jian)單明了、操作簡(jian)單、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)記錄詳細、便于(yu)(yu)查找

11 結束語

隨著城(cheng)市軌(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)(tong)建(jian)設及通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)技(ji)術的(de)迅猛(meng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，各種(zhong)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)城(cheng)市軌(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)的(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)技(ji)術和應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)方式(shi)也在(zai)不斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，出現了(le)很(hen)多滿足各種(zhong)不同應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)的(de)新(xin)技(ji)術、新(xin)模式(shi)。軌(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)對功(gong)能需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)進行(xing)分析的(de)基礎上，結合(he)自身實際情況，選擇了(le)合(he)適的(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)系統模式(shi)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過這幾(ji)年的(de)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)效(xiao)果來看，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)系統在(zai)提(ti)高(gao)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)工作效(xiao)率(lv)和服(fu)務水平上發(fa)(fa)揮了(le)重要的(de)作用(yong)(yong)。

參考文獻

[1] GB 50458-2008,跨座(zuo)式單軌交通設計(ji)規范[S].北京:中國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)工業出版(ban)社,2009.

篇10

【關(guan)鍵詞】AFC（自動(dong)售檢票系統） 云ACC平(ping)臺 互聯(lian)網(wang)+ 移動(dong)支(zhi)付

1 引言

在(zai)整個軌道交通系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中，自動售(shou)檢(jian)票(piao)（AFC）系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)承擔著重(zhong)要的(de)角色，它(ta)實現(xian)了(le)(le)自動售(shou)票(piao)、自動檢(jian)票(piao)，和計費(fei)、收費(fei)、統(tong)(tong)(tong)計、結算等全過程的(de)自動化管理。隨(sui)著科學技(ji)術的(de)發展，AFC系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)呈(cheng)現(xian)多種(zhong)類型(xing)，主要取(qu)決于支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)方(fang)式應用技(ji)術的(de)多樣化。目前AFC系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中采用的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)方(fang)式，包括硬幣(bi)(bi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)、紙幣(bi)(bi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)、儲值票(piao)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)、車票(piao)圈(quan)存支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)和銀(yin)行卡支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)等。近(jin)年來，移(yi)動互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)的(de)迅猛發展，在(zai)線支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)作為(wei)一種(zhong)新型(xing)的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)方(fang)式，因(yin)其便捷性(xing)，逐(zhu)漸占據人們各種(zhong)生活消費(fei)場景。如何結合移(yi)動互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)電子支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)技(ji)術，對整個線網(wang)的(de)AFC系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)劃布(bu)局，滿足網(wang)絡(luo)化運營(ying)需求(qiu)，如何結合移(yi)動互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)在(zai)線支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)技(ji)術在(zai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中的(de)應用，對傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)AFC系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進行優化，成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)(le)亟(ji)需解決的(de)問題，而云ACC平臺正是這(zhe)樣一套完整的(de)解決方(fang)案。

2 互聯(lian)網+地鐵票(piao)務云ACC平臺研究(jiu)

2.1 云ACC平臺(tai)概(gai)述

云ACC平(ping)臺將采用(yong)云架構體(ti)系(xi)(xi)實現，在原有(you)票卡(ka)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)外建立起云平(ping)臺的(de)4層(ceng)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)：整個(ge)云平(ping)臺將分為第三方對接(jie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，云中心系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，云票務處理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)與(yu)云終端管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)四大層(ceng)次(ci)，云ACC平(ping)臺系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)層(ceng)次(ci)圖(tu)(tu)如圖(tu)(tu)1所示(shi)。每一個(ge)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)層(ceng)次(ci)內(nei)還(huan)包含了(le)不(bu)同的(de)應用(yong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，所有(you)的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)之間采用(yong)接(jie)口進行數(shu)據(ju)交(jiao)互以便于進行系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)可(ke)持續化擴展。

另外，系(xi)統建(jian)立起(qi)一套完整(zheng)的、可擴展的接(jie)口數(shu)據(ju)(ju)規范，規范包含了(le)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)結構規范、傳輸與(yu)響應規范、安全與(yu)認(ren)證規范幾部分。通過(guo)接(jie)口將不同的系(xi)統整(zheng)合起(qi)來(lai)，并(bing)最終實現整(zheng)個(ge)平臺(tai)的有機運(yun)行。

平臺系(xi)(xi)統需要(yao)與現有(you)的AFC系(xi)(xi)統進行對(dui)(dui)接，以進行交易數據(ju)的對(dui)(dui)帳以及云閘機數據(ju)的清分(fen)等操(cao)作，對(dui)(dui)接操(cao)作核心(xin)要(yao)求是(shi)安全與數據(ju)完整(zheng)(zheng)。通過實現系(xi)(xi)統對(dui)(dui)接使得整(zheng)(zheng)個云平臺系(xi)(xi)統真正結合入地鐵日常業務系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)。

2.2 云(yun)ACC平臺系統設計

2.2.1 整體設計

系(xi)統(tong)(tong)整(zheng)體將參照現(xian)有的軌道交通(tong)ACC四層結構(gou)，并針對性地做出(chu)優化與(yu)(yu)設計。新系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采用兩層物理邏輯架(jia)構(gou)搭建，在云(yun)ACC中(zhong)心虛擬出(chu)SC與(yu)(yu)LC層，用以結合到現(xian)有的傳統(tong)(tong)ACC架(jia)構(gou)中(zhong)，進行日常管(guan)理與(yu)(yu)控制。

系統將(jiang)使用TLS實現數據(ju)傳輸加密，并(bing)可以記錄所有的(de)數據(ju)操作(zuo)日志以便(bian)于進(jin)行安全(quan)審計。所有的(de)接口進(jin)行負載(zai)均衡(heng)，并(bing)進(jin)行雙機熱備以使得(de)系統支持7*24小時(shi)的(de)不間斷服務。

設(she)備端(duan)，考慮到地鐵服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊性，云(yun)匣(xia)機需要支持一定程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)孤(gu)島模(mo)式，在設(she)備離線的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下或者(zhe)緊急情(qing)況下，云(yun)匣(xia)機可(ke)以(yi)進行(xing)基礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)票務驗證以(yi)進行(xing)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)放行(xing)。另外，所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備端(duan)需要支持軌道交通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運營(ying)事件，通(tong)過(guo)帳號(hao)權(quan)限細(xi)分，可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)在站點設(she)置(zhi)管理平臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式實現SC層級的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)管理。

系統設(she)計與開發將采(cai)用(yong)(yong)MVC+WebAPI的(de)方式，不同接(jie)口(kou)之(zhi)間(jian)使用(yong)(yong)JSON數(shu)(shu)據格式進行(xing)交互，核心數(shu)(shu)據庫使用(yong)(yong)MySQL實現主(zhu)從數(shu)(shu)據庫雙(shuang)在線(xian)，數(shu)(shu)據緩存使用(yong)(yong)redis，消息中間(jian)件使用(yong)(yong)AMQS協議的(de)RabbitMQ組(zu)件。

O備(bei)(bei)端，iTVM與(yu)云匣(xia)機(ji)設備(bei)(bei)直(zhi)接通過(guo)專用100MB網絡連接至云ACC中，實現與(yu)服務器(qi)端的實時交互(hu)，通過(guo)系統設計(ji)實現500ms內的交互(hu)響(xiang)應，云BOM-PAD實現掃(sao)碼與(yu)客服的功(gong)能。

2.2.2 應用(yong)拓撲(pu)

應(ying)用拓撲如圖2所示。

2.2.3 核心功能需(xu)求分析

（1）互聯網購取票機（iTVM）。用戶可(ke)以過網上(shang)購票，線(xian)上(shang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付，或者現場通過手(shou)機支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付，線(xian)下(xia)終端取票入(ru)站的(de)(de)流程進行地鐵(tie)票卡(ka)(ka)的(de)(de)購買(mai)，支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付方式(shi)包(bao)括(kuo)微信支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付、支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付寶支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付、銀(yin)聯支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付、市民卡(ka)(ka)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付等(deng)方式(shi)，票卡(ka)(ka)包(bao)括(kuo)單(dan)程票、單(dan)日票、月票、紀念票等(deng)。

（2）云閘(zha)機。系統需要在現有的(de)閘(zha)機端添(tian)加新的(de)云閘(zha)機以(yi)支持用戶使(shi)用二維(wei)碼掃碼入閘(zha)功能。

用(yong)戶(hu)使用(yong)手機APP，注冊用(yong)戶(hu)帳(zhang)戶(hu)并關(guan)聯支付方式。在(zai)入站時，用(yong)戶(hu)在(zai)云(yun)(yun)閘機端掃(sao)描(miao)(miao)APP產生(sheng)的二維(wei)碼(ma)，云(yun)(yun)閘機在(zai)服務(wu)器(qi)端驗證(zheng)(zheng)后放行用(yong)戶(hu)，并且用(yong)戶(hu)在(zai)出站時在(zai)出站閘機掃(sao)描(miao)(miao)二維(wei)碼(ma)以實現(xian)出站，服務(wu)器(qi)端在(zai)驗證(zheng)(zheng)后直接扣取(qu)用(yong)戶(hu)的乘車(che)費用(yong)。

用戶(hu)二(er)維碼通過(guo)安全算法(fa)，基于(yu)信用體系(xi)實現(xian)。使得二(er)維碼可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)一(yi)定時(shi)間內脫機實現(xian)，即使掃碼時(shi)用戶(hu)手機不(bu)在(zai)線，也可(ke)以(yi)正(zheng)常進出閘(zha)機，并可(ke)以(yi)正(zheng)常扣(kou)款(kuan)。

用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)每(mei)一次(ci)進站(zhan)首先需要將未正常扣款的訂單通(tong)過(guo)客服或(huo)者自助處理(li)完成。當用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)存在低信用(yong)時，系統將會(hui)禁止用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)掃碼入站(zhan)，而(er)建議(yi)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)通(tong)過(guo)iTVM設備買卡進入。

（3）云對(dui)帳平臺(tai)。云ACC的(de)(de)核(he)心功能(neng)(neng)就(jiu)是對(dui)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)所有交易(yi)進(jin)行對(dui)帳、核(he)銷(xiao)與清分(fen)操作(zuo)，其中對(dui)帳平臺(tai)的(de)(de)核(he)心功能(neng)(neng)是自(zi)動化對(dui)接所有的(de)(de)對(dui)帳平臺(tai)，包括第三方支付平臺(tai)，軌道(dao)交通AFC中心等，實現(xian)(xian)交易(yi)收入、票卡支出的(de)(de)所有交易(yi)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)處理。并自(zi)動化產生(sheng)交易(yi)大數(shu)據(ju)與對(dui)帳信(xin)息(xi)，最(zui)終實現(xian)(xian)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)可視(shi)化分(fen)析等功能(neng)(neng)。

（4）乘(cheng)客(ke)(ke)事(shi)(shi)務處理(li)。當(dang)用戶發生無法出/入站時，需要向當(dang)前站點(dian)的客(ke)(ke)服(fu)中心請求處理(li)。每一個客(ke)(ke)服(fu)中心配備(bei)1-2臺手持(chi)式PAD處理(li)終端，通過(guo)終端客(ke)(ke)服(fu)人(ren)員可以在用戶提供(gong)用戶信息、交(jiao)易信息、出入信息等前提下，對(dui)用戶進行(xing)(xing)客(ke)(ke)服(fu)事(shi)(shi)件處理(li)。具(ju)體事(shi)(shi)件處理(li)參照現有的完整乘(cheng)客(ke)(ke)事(shi)(shi)務處理(li)的意(yi)見表(biao)格，對(dui)它進行(xing)(xing)完善(shan)與修改(gai)。

2.3 云(yun)ACC平(ping)臺安全策略

2.3.1 電子(zi)票(piao)密鑰與管理

電子(zi)票務在進行發放(fang)前(qian)，需要向(xiang)票卡(ka)安(an)全中(zhong)心申(shen)請(qing)一個動態加密密鑰(yao)，密鑰(yao)有效期為(wei)26小時，應用系統刷新期為(wei)24小時。

所有的(de)電子(zi)二維碼在生成時，需要進(jin)(jin)(jin)行一次(ci)密(mi)(mi)鑰(yao)的(de)加密(mi)(mi)，終端設備在掃(sao)描到二維碼等電子(zi)密(mi)(mi)鑰(yao)時，首先(xian)需要通過密(mi)(mi)鑰(yao)對(dui)電子(zi)票卡進(jin)(jin)(jin)行有效性驗證，然后再(zai)向服務器端進(jin)(jin)(jin)行訂單、信用等在線(xian)信息的(de)認證。

當系統產生大(da)規模網絡(luo)失效時(shi)，密鑰系統可(ke)保證電子票(piao)務的線下有效性。

2.3.2 辦公(gong)網(wang)與專網(wang)的設計

系(xi)統(tong)建立在專網(wang)內，專網(wang)環境由寧波軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)辦公網(wang)提(ti)供(gong)基礎(chu)網(wang)絡結(jie)構，通(tong)過添加相應的互聯網(wang)設備實現(xian)專網(wang)拓撲(pu)結(jie)構。由于整(zheng)個(ge)系(xi)統(tong)需要與(yu)第三方(fang)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)平(ping)臺進行對(dui)接，而第三方(fang)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)平(ping)臺存(cun)在于互聯網(wang)內，考慮(lv)到整(zheng)體系(xi)統(tong)的安全性與(yu)完整(zheng)性，所(suo)有的第三方(fang)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)平(ping)臺通(tong)過云ACC下的第三方(fang)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)網(wang)關統(tong)一接口、統(tong)一管理與(yu)維護，以(yi)實現(xian)系(xi)統(tong)的網(wang)絡安全。

2.3.3 傳(chuan)輸套接字層加密(mi)(mi)與(yu)數(shu)據(ju)加密(mi)(mi)

整個平臺(tai)采用HTTPS進行傳輸層的數據加密，以(yi)防(fang)止數據被竊聽(ting)，協議(yi)采用TLS2.0方案。

在數(shu)據提交時，平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)接口針對提交的(de)數(shu)據域進(jin)行AES對稱加解密(mi)(mi)(mi)，加解密(mi)(mi)(mi)部(bu)門包括(kuo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)鑰(yao)Key與加密(mi)(mi)(mi)向量VI，加密(mi)(mi)(mi)向量在終端授(shou)權(quan)進(jin)入平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)時配置，密(mi)(mi)(mi)鑰(yao)Key由終端向服務器端動態(tai)申請(qing)，具(ju)備唯一性。

2.3.4 K端支(zhi)付(fu)與唯一(yi)性網(wang)絡設計

有別于目前其(qi)他軌(gui)道(dao)交通終(zhong)端(duan)雙網絡等結構的(de)(de)差異，云ACC下屬終(zhong)端(duan)只(zhi)使用系(xi)統(tong)專網聯(lian)系(xi)，所有的(de)(de)支付業務通過云ACC統(tong)一接(jie)口，終(zhong)端(duan)本(ben)身不存在(zai)與外(wai)界的(de)(de)連接(jie)，以保障終(zhong)端(duan)的(de)(de)網絡安全性。

2.3.5 唯一流水(shui)碼設計

由于網絡傳輸(shu)的不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)定性，存在(zai)小(xiao)概(gai)率狀況下的數(shu)據丟包現(xian)象。為了保證數(shu)據的完整性與一(yi)(yi)(yi)性，針對交易流水(shui)請求(qiu)中設計一(yi)(yi)(yi)個唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)流水(shui)碼功能，每一(yi)(yi)(yi)次重點請求(qiu)將會附帶一(yi)(yi)(yi)個唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)流水(shui)碼（GUID），當服(fu)務器(qi)發(fa)現(xian)存在(zai)相(xiang)同的流水(shui)碼時，直接(jie)通(tong)過原始響應處理，而(er)不(bu)(bu)進行(xing)新的交易操作，以(yi)解決(jue)由于網絡問(wen)題產生(sheng)的重復(fu)提交而(er)導致交易流水(shui)的混亂。

3 結語

文章對(dui)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)+傳統AFC行業(ye)的(de)(de)結合做出了初步探索，提出了云ACC平臺的(de)(de)概念，通過(guo)“互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang) +”支(zhi)付的(de)(de)應用設想，期待推動傳統AFC行業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。未來通過(guo)研究，將繼續完善(shan)云ACC平臺的(de)(de)安全策略，規(gui)范(fan)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)票(piao)務的(de)(de)業(ye)務流程，并對(dui)核心功(gong)能(neng)進行優化，通過(guo)建立賬戶體系(xi)對(dui)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)票(piao)務營銷深(shen)度開發(fa)，促進傳統軌道交通票(piao)務業(ye)務轉(zhuan)型升級。

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