軌道交通定位范文

時間:2024-05-30 17:21:46

導語:如(ru)何(he)才能寫好一篇軌道交通(tong)定位,這就需要(yao)搜集整理更多(duo)的資料和文獻,歡迎(ying)閱讀由公(gong)務員之家整理的十篇范文,供你借鑒。

篇1

關鍵詞:軌道交通;ETC;應急指揮中心;線路控制中心

軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)ETC系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)、協(xie)調(diao)全市軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)網的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過ETC系(xi)統(tong)(tong)平臺(tai),對(dui)(dui)(dui)軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)內部可(ke)以實現(xian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)各(ge)個線路的(de)運營監(jian)視、管理,集中指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)與(yu)協(xie)調(diao),對(dui)(dui)(dui)軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)外部實現(xian)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)共享,并為領導者進行重(zhong)大決策時(shi)提(ti)供數(shu)據基(ji)礎依(yi)據。線路控(kong)(kong)制中心所轄范圍為本(ben)線路的(de)行車(che)、電(dian)力、車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)環(huan)境及車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主要設(she)備的(de)運行情況;當線路運營出現(xian)異常或(huo)災(zai)害發生時(shi),線路控(kong)(kong)制中心根據本(ben)線路運營情況,與(yu)ETC系(xi)統(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)交(jiao)(jiao)互,接(jie)收(shou)ETC系(xi)統(tong)(tong)協(xie)調(diao)指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)指(zhi)(zhi)令等(deng),使線路各(ge)有關系(xi)統(tong)(tong)協(xie)調(diao)工(gong)作(zuo)。車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)在(zai)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、車(che)輛(liang)段(duan)、停車(che)場及獨立的(de)變(bian)電(dian)所等(deng)。可(ke)以獨立完成對(dui)(dui)(dui)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)工(gong)作(zuo),并提(ti)供本(ben)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)實時(shi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)和歷史(shi)數(shu)據。現(xian)場系(xi)統(tong)(tong)由行車(che)、電(dian)力、機(ji)電(dian)設(she)備、環(huan)控(kong)(kong)、閉路電(dian)視、廣(guang)播等(deng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)現(xian)場設(she)備組成,這些系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)下直接(jie)連接(jie)各(ge)種監(jian)控(kong)(kong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象(xiang),對(dui)(dui)(dui)上(shang)與(yu)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)級系(xi)統(tong)(tong)互聯。

1.應急指揮中心職能定位

ETC系統(tong)(tong)利用先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡平臺(tai)對各(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)采(cai)集(ji),監(jian)(jian)視各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)情(qing)況,遇有嚴重(zhong)突發事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)或影響鄰線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突發事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)發生(sheng)時(shi)(shi),及時(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)、指揮(hui)、應急(ji)(ji)處置。具體職(zhi)責如下:(1)是(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)與(yu)管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)列車(che)(che)(che)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、客流(liu)統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi),統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)整個軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)點(dian)率、晚(wan)點(dian)率、客流(liu)分布,并根據地(di)面公交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),合理(li)制(zhi)定(ding)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)中(zhong)各(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)計(ji)(ji)劃,協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)、運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)時(shi)(shi)間等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),以(yi)達到線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全、準確、高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)、服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗旨(zhi),以(yi)有效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)能力、線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)效(xiao)(xiao)率等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)狀(zhuang)態信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)、維護信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),經過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)處理(li)篩選上傳(chuan)至(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin),通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)匯(hui)總、統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)分析,制(zhi)定(ding)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)管(guan)理(li)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)報表,便于對線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)維護保(bao)養等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)制(zhi)定(ding)合理(li)方案與(yu)建議(yi),也可以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)這些(xie)數據,作(zuo)為(wei)對各(ge)(ge)(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)維修進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)考核的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據。(2)是(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)應急(ji)(ji)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)中(zhong)發生(sheng)意(yi)外(wai)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi),如地(di)面交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)擁堵、相關(guan)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)大客流(liu)疏散、某(mou)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)發生(sheng)重(zhong)大事(shi)故或災(zai)害等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)情(qing)況,通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)視頻信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi),協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)計(ji)(ji)劃,有效(xiao)(xiao)、高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)應急(ji)(ji)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)確保(bao)各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)盡快恢(hui)復正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)。(3)是(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)對內部(bu)(bu)和(he)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)和(he)共享(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務(wu)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)為(wei)地(di)鐵(tie)上級單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)支持向上級單位(wei)值(zhi)班室定(ding)期(qi)反饋(kui)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)狀(zhuang)況,為(wei)上級單位(wei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)監(jian)(jian)督管(guan)理(li)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)支持綜合控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)可隨時(shi)(shi)將上級單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)知和(he)要(yao)(yao)求至(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)單位(wei)或崗位(wei)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。ETC系統(tong)(tong)既與(yu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換,接收線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)各(ge)(ge)(ge)系統(tong)(tong)傳(chuan)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)和(he)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)故障信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)濾和(he)統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)分析,傳(chuan)輸至(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)數據中(zhong)心(xin)(xin),并通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)向相關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)報送(song)和(he);同(tong)時(shi)(shi)又搜集(ji)、匯(hui)總與(yu)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)城(cheng)市(shi)規劃•FORUM行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(如交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)、氣象信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)),為(wei)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)渠道(dao),為(wei)乘客提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)多(duo)方位(wei)服(fu)務(wu),實(shi)現城(cheng)市(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)互通(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)共享(xiang)。

2.應急指揮(hui)中心與線路(lu)控制中心的職能(neng)劃分

從(cong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)職能(neng)(neng)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可以看出,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)重在(zai)管(guan)理與(yu)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao),而(er)(er)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)重在(zai)對本(ben)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度,兩者(zhe)之(zhi)間的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)重點雖有(you)(you)不(bu)同,但功(gong)能(neng)(neng)之(zhi)間聯系(xi)非(fei)常密切。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)是日(ri)常監(jian)(jian)視、應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong),而(er)(er)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)是具(ju)體(ti)(ti)軌道交通(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度、監(jian)(jian)視的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)通(tong)過(guo)監(jian)(jian)視軌道交通(tong)網(wang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)(ge)(ge)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)行(xing)車(che)、主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)備狀態(tai)信(xin)息(xi)統(tong)(tong)一協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)安排網(wang)絡內各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)聯合運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)計(ji)劃和預案;線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)實時(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)視所控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種設(she)(she)(she)備狀態(tai)信(xin)息(xi)和報(bao)警信(xin)息(xi),并(bing)上(shang)傳相(xiang)關(guan)設(she)(she)(she)備狀態(tai)信(xin)息(xi)和報(bao)警信(xin)息(xi)至應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin),并(bing)根(gen)據應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)下(xia)(xia)(xia)達(da)的(de)聯合運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)計(ji)劃和預案組織行(xing)車(che)。日(ri)常情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)及(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)只監(jian)(jian)視不(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)供協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)、協(xie)助功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。在(zai)非(fei)正常情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia),特別是發(fa)(fa)生影(ying)響不(bu)同運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)所管(guan)轄線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)突(tu)發(fa)(fa)事件(jian)時(shi)(shi),線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)將代表(biao)公司、政府(fu)進行(xing)統(tong)(tong)一的(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),對相(xiang)關(guan)各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)發(fa)(fa)出協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)或指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling),不(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)現場設(she)(she)(she)備。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)在(zai)掌(zhang)握各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)狀況(kuang)的(de)基礎上(shang),完成(cheng)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種報(bao)表(biao)分(fen)(fen)析,以便對線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)正點率、設(she)(she)(she)備故障維護情(qing)況(kuang)、客流(liu)分(fen)(fen)析等情(qing)況(kuang)有(you)(you)充分(fen)(fen)的(de)數據基礎。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)模式應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)(you)利于對不(bu)同運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)管(guan)理,要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)技術上(shang)、使(shi)用上(shang)為運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)創造條件(jian),具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)強的(de)可塑性。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)力求補充控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)空(kong)白點并(bing)提(ti)(ti)供增值(zhi)服務。ETC系(xi)統(tong)(tong)只管(guan)理到(dao)與(yu)OCC的(de)接(jie)口部分(fen)(fen),從(cong)各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)采集(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)數據,用于監(jian)(jian)視及(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)析,不(bu)直接(jie)與(yu)車(che)站相(xiang)連。接(jie)口規范由應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding),各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)遵從(cong)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)向(xiang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)提(ti)(ti)供實現一些共享(xiang)信(xin)息(xi),如:氣象信(xin)息(xi),其它公交系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)信(xin)息(xi)等。一旦出現重大事件(jian),可以及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)向(xiang)城市主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)通(tong)報(bao)情(qing)況(kuang),接(jie)受上(shang)級指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)示,協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)相(xiang)關(guan)部門(men),并(bing)向(xiang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)下(xia)(xia)(xia)達(da)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)。線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)接(jie)收應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling),實施線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)生突(tu)發(fa)(fa)事件(jian)時(shi)(shi),其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)立即處(chu)理,并(bing)根(gen)據突(tu)發(fa)(fa)事件(jian)類別要(yao)(yao)(yao)求上(shang)報(bao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)。如突(tu)發(fa)(fa)事件(jian)涉及(ji)(ji)其它運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)所管(guan)轄的(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)時(shi)(shi),由應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)來統(tong)(tong)一協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),避(bi)免環節過(guo)多,從(cong)而(er)(er)使(shi)突(tu)發(fa)(fa)事件(jian)得(de)到(dao)即時(shi)(shi)的(de)處(chu)理。

結語

篇2

一(yi)、將第二條第一(yi)款修改為:“從事道路(lu)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)貨物(wu)(wu)運輸經營和使用自備車輛從事為本單位服務的非經營性道路(lu)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)貨物(wu)(wu)運輸的,應當遵守(shou)本規定。放射性物(wu)(wu)品和軍事危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)貨物(wu)(wu)運輸除外。”;

二(er)、將第三條第一款修改為(wei):“本規定(ding)所稱危(wei)(wei)險(xian)貨物(wu),是指具有爆炸、易燃、毒害(hai)、腐(fu)蝕等特(te)(te)性(xing),在運輸、裝卸和儲存過程中,容易造成人身(shen)傷亡、財(cai)產毀損(sun)和環境污染而(er)需(xu)要特(te)(te)別防護的(de)貨物(wu)。危(wei)(wei)險(xian)貨物(wu)以(yi)列(lie)入國(guo)家標準《危(wei)(wei)險(xian)貨物(wu)品(pin)名(ming)表》(GB12268)的(de)為(wei)準,未列(lie)入《危(wei)(wei)險(xian)貨物(wu)品(pin)名(ming)表》的(de),以(yi)有關法律、行(xing)政法規的(de)規定(ding)或者(zhe)國(guo)務院有關部(bu)門公(gong)布的(de)結果為(wei)準。”;

三、將第(di)八條第(di)(一(yi)(yi))項(xiang)修改為:“有(you)符(fu)合(he)下列要(yao)求的(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)及(ji)設(she)(she)備(bei):1.自有(you)專(zhuan)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)5輛(liang)以上(shang);2.專(zhuan)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)技(ji)術性能(neng)符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)標(biao)準《營運(yun)(yun)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)綜(zong)合(he)性能(neng)要(yao)求和檢驗方法》(GB18565)的(de)要(yao)求,車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)外廓(kuo)尺寸、軸荷和質(zhi)量符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)標(biao)準《道路(lu)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)外廓(kuo)尺寸、軸荷和質(zhi)量限值》(GB1589)的(de)要(yao)求,車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)技(ji)術等(deng)級(ji)(ji)達到行業標(biao)準《營運(yun)(yun)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)技(ji)術等(deng)級(ji)(ji)劃分和評定要(yao)求》(JT/T198)規(gui)定的(de)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)技(ji)術等(deng)級(ji)(ji);3.配(pei)備(bei)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)通訊工具;4.有(you)符(fu)合(he)安(an)全規(gui)定并與經營范圍(wei)、規(gui)模相適(shi)應(ying)的(de)停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)場地。具有(you)運(yun)(yun)輸劇毒、爆炸和I類包(bao)裝危(wei)險(xian)(xian)貨物專(zhuan)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de),還應(ying)當配(pei)備(bei)與其他設(she)(she)備(bei)、車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)、人員(yuan)隔(ge)離的(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)區域,并設(she)(she)立明顯的(de)警(jing)示標(biao)志(zhi);5.配(pei)備(bei)有(you)與運(yun)(yun)輸的(de)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)貨物性質(zhi)相適(shi)應(ying)的(de)安(an)全防護(hu)、環境保護(hu)和消(xiao)防設(she)(she)施設(she)(she)備(bei)。

篇3

2002年(nian),《長(chang)春(chun)市(shi)快(kuai)速軌道(dao)交通線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網規劃(hua)》經長(chang)春(chun)市(shi)人(ren)民政府批(pi)準,線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網由(you)5條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組成(cheng),其中3條放射線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、2條半環線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),1、2、5號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)基本骨架線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),3、4號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)輔助填充線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),總長(chang)179km。2006年(nian),經國務院批(pi)準,長(chang)春(chun)市(shi)正式開(kai)始建(jian)設(she)軌道(dao)交通,確(que)定2010年(nian)前(qian)分三期(qi)工(gong)程完成(cheng)輕(qing)(qing)軌3、4號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)設(she),線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路總長(chang)52公里(li)。截止2009年(nian)底(di),輕(qing)(qing)軌3號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)已建(jian)成(cheng)投入(ru)運營,輕(qing)(qing)軌4號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)正在(zai)建(jian)設(she)中,同時(shi)地(di)鐵1、2、5號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)籌劃(hua)建(jian)設(she)工(gong)作也已經啟動。

2規劃方案

2.1功能定位

根(gen)據線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網規劃,1號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是長(chang)春市(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網中(zhong)一條貫通(tong)南北的軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網骨干線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、2號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是長(chang)春市(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網中(zhong)一條貫穿(chuan)東西的骨干線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、5號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是長(chang)春市(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網中(zhong)一條加強東北、西南方向與中(zhong)心區(qu)連接骨干線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

2.2線路運能

根(gen)據客流預測結果,線網中3、4號線高(gao)峰小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)最大(da)(da)(da)斷(duan)面(mian)客流強度均(jun)(jun)小(xiao)于(yu)2萬(wan)人(ren)次(ci)/小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),屬于(yu)中運量(liang)等級(ji),宜采用輕軌系統;1、2、5號線高(gao)峰小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)最大(da)(da)(da)斷(duan)面(mian)客流強度均(jun)(jun)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)3萬(wan)人(ren)次(ci)/小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),屬于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)運量(liang)等級(ji),宜采用地(di)鐵(tie)系統。

2.3線路走向

1號線沿(yan)(yan)城市(shi)中軸(zhou)(zhou)線敷(fu)(fu)設,在(zai)主城區(qu)(qu)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)著北部(bu)(bu)(bu)新城區(qu)(qu)、站前(qian)商(shang)貿區(qu)(qu)、人民廣(guang)場、南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)中心城區(qu)(qu)等重要(yao)的城市(shi)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu),同時在(zai)西(xi)北方(fang)向(xiang)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)蔡家、蘭家組團,在(zai)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)永春組團。2號線沿(yan)(yan)城市(shi)傳統發(fa)展(zhan)軸(zhou)(zhou)線敷(fu)(fu)設,連(lian)(lian)接(jie)著西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)客站區(qu)(qu)、紅旗街(jie)商(shang)貿區(qu)(qu)、人民廣(guang)場、亞(ya)泰商(shang)貿區(qu)(qu)、東方(fang)廣(guang)場、東部(bu)(bu)(bu)經濟技(ji)術開發(fa)區(qu)(qu)等重要(yao)的城市(shi)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)。5號線沿(yan)(yan)城市(shi)產業軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)敷(fu)(fu)設,連(lian)(lian)接(jie)著富鋒組圖、西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)汽車產業新區(qu)(qu)、人民廣(guang)場、東北部(bu)(bu)(bu)產業新區(qu)(qu)、興隆組圖重要(yao)的城市(shi)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)。

2.4聯絡線分布

根據線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)的(de)(de)修建時序和各條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)進入綜合(he)(he)(he)檢修基(ji)地的(de)(de)可(ke)能路(lu)徑,結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)工程(cheng)實施環(huan)境規劃條件靈活(huo)運營的(de)(de)可(ke)能性,線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)聯(lian)絡(luo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)布(bu)為:1號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與2號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)省文化活(huo)動(dong)中心(xin)站(zhan)設置(zhi)單(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)聯(lian)絡(luo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);2號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與5號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)南關站(zhan)設置(zhi)單(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)聯(lian)絡(luo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);3號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與4號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)臨河街站(zhan)設置(zhi)單(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)聯(lian)絡(luo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);考慮(lv)到(dao)輕軌3、4號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)經地鐵系(xi)統進入國(guo)鐵,增加線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)的(de)(de)靈活(huo)性;在(zai)1號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與3號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)衛星廣場站(zhan)設置(zhi)單(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)聯(lian)絡(luo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);1號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與5號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)自由大(da)路(lu)站(zhan)采用單(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)聯(lian)絡(luo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),作為5號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)車輛進入永春綜合(he)(he)(he)檢修基(ji)地的(de)(de)備選(xuan)聯(lian)絡(luo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

2.5車輛基地分布

1號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設永春綜合基地(di)(di)(di)(di)1座(zuo)、蘭(lan)家停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)1座(zuo):永春綜合基地(di)(di)(di)(di)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)南繞城高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路(lu)以南,占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)40公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),定(ding)位(wei)為線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)中1、2、5號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)共用(yong)(yong)的綜合基地(di)(di)(di)(di);蘭(lan)家停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)蘭(lan)家組團以北,占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)15公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),定(ding)位(wei)為1號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。2號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設西(xi)湖(hu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛段(duan)1座(zuo)、太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)溝(gou)停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)1座(zuo):西(xi)湖(hu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛段(duan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)長春西(xi)湖(hu)以南以南,占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)35公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),定(ding)位(wei)為2號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)定(ding)修段(duan);太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)溝(gou)停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)東(dong)繞城高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路(lu)以東(dong),占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)15公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),定(ding)位(wei)為2號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。5號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設富鋒車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛段(duan)1座(zuo)、興(xing)隆停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)1座(zuo):富鋒車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛段(duan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)富鋒組團西(xi)側,占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)35公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),定(ding)位(wei)為5號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)定(ding)修段(duan);興(xing)隆停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)興(xing)隆組團東(dong)側,占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)15公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),定(ding)位(wei)為5號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)停車(che)(che)(che)(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。

2.6車站分布

1號線共(gong)設(she)(she)車站(zhan)24座,平均(jun)站(zhan)間(jian)距(ju)1522m,最(zui)大(da)(da)站(zhan)間(jian)距(ju)3300m,最(zui)小(xiao)站(zhan)間(jian)距(ju)590m。2號線共(gong)設(she)(she)車站(zhan)19座,平均(jun)站(zhan)間(jian)距(ju)1325m,最(zui)大(da)(da)站(zhan)間(jian)距(ju)2340m,最(zui)小(xiao)站(zhan)間(jian)距(ju)720m。5號線共(gong)設(she)(she)車站(zhan)23座,平均(jun)站(zhan)間(jian)距(ju)1758m,最(zui)大(da)(da)站(zhan)間(jian)距(ju)3832m,最(zui)小(xiao)站(zhan)間(jian)距(ju)780m。

2.7供電系統

長春軌道交(jiao)通線(xian)(xian)網(wang)規(gui)劃中(zhong)(zhong),1號(hao)線(xian)(xian)、2號(hao)線(xian)(xian)、5號(hao)線(xian)(xian)均為放射(she)式(shi)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu),線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)由城市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)心區(qu)延伸至城市(shi)遠郊,外(wai)電(dian)源采用集中(zhong)(zhong)供電(dian)方式(shi),設(she)置軌道交(jiao)通主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo),從城市(shi)電(dian)網(wang)引入66kV電(dian)源,中(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)供電(dian)網(wang)絡(luo)電(dian)壓(ya)等級采用35kV。1、2、5號(hao)線(xian)(xian)共設(she)置7座66kV變(bian)(bian)電(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo),分別為北環路(lu)(lu)主(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)、省文化(hua)活動中(zhong)(zhong)心主(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)、南部新城主(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)、西(xi)興(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)、樂群(qun)街主(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)、朝陽工業區(qu)主(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)、英俊(jun)團主(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)(suo)(suo),每座主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)占地面(mian)積約3000~4000m2。

2.8控制中心分布輕(qing)軌系(xi)統

3、4號線(xian)(xian)控制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心位于(yu)3號線(xian)(xian)朝陽橋(qiao)站(zhan)附(fu)近(jin),已建(jian)成投入運營(ying)。地(di)鐵系統1、2、5號線(xian)(xian)控制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心,規(gui)(gui)劃建(jian)于(yu)1、3號線(xian)(xian)換乘站(zhan)衛星路站(zhan)附(fu)近(jin),規(gui)(gui)劃控制(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)地(di)約10000m2。

3用地控制原則

3.1地下(xia)線路(lu)區間

沿(yan)道(dao)路敷設(she)的地下(xia)線(xian)路區間地段,道(dao)路兩側(ce)地下(xia)構筑物之間的寬度宜大于(yu)50m,一般不應小(xiao)于(yu)40m。軌道(dao)交通用地控制(zhi)線(xian)宜按照道(dao)路紅線(xian)進行控制(zhi);特殊(shu)地段必須要穿越小(xiao)于(yu)40m的狹窄道(dao)路空間時,應按照現狀既有條件進行嚴(yan)格(ge)控制(zhi)。

3.2地下線路車站(zhan)

地(di)下線路車站站中心前(qian)后各(ge)150m范圍內,在保證50m軌道交(jiao)通(tong)走廊的前(qian)提下,原(yuan)則上軌道交(jiao)通(tong)用地(di)控制線宜(yi)向每側各(ge)退后20m進行控制。

3.3路中高架(jia)線路

區(qu)間(jian)(jian)沿(yan)道路(lu)中央敷設的高(gao)架線路(lu)區(qu)間(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)段(duan),道路(lu)紅線寬(kuan)度宜(yi)大(da)于(yu)60m,不(bu)應小于(yu)50m;道路(lu)中央分隔帶寬(kuan)度不(bu)應小于(yu)6m。道路(lu)紅線寬(kuan)度大(da)于(yu)60m時(shi)(shi),軌(gui)道交通用地(di)(di)控(kong)(kong)制線宜(yi)按(an)照道路(lu)紅線進(jin)行控(kong)(kong)制;道路(lu)紅線寬(kuan)度小于(yu)60m時(shi)(shi),軌(gui)道交通用地(di)(di)控(kong)(kong)制線宜(yi)按(an)照60m進(jin)行控(kong)(kong)制。

3.4路中(zhong)高架線(xian)路車站設置

在道(dao)路中央的高架線(xian)路車站(zhan)站(zhan)中心前后(hou)各100m范(fan)圍(wei)內,應對道(dao)路兩(liang)側(ce)進行(xing)嚴格控制。軌道(dao)交通(tong)用(yong)地控制線(xian)宜按照道(dao)路紅線(xian)每(mei)側(ce)各退后(hou)25m進行(xing)控制。

3.5路側(ce)高架線(xian)路

區間沿道路一(yi)側(ce)敷(fu)設的高架線路區間地段,軌(gui)道交通(tong)用地控制(zhi)線宜按照(zhao)該側(ce)道路紅線退后(hou)30m進行(xing)控制(zhi)。

3.6路(lu)側高架線路(lu)

車站(zhan)設置在道(dao)路一(yi)(yi)側(ce)的(de)高架(jia)線(xian)路車站(zhan)站(zhan)中心前后各100m范圍內,設置車站(zhan)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)的(de)軌道(dao)交通(tong)控(kong)制(zhi)紅線(xian)按(an)照該側(ce)道(dao)路紅線(xian)退(tui)后40m進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi),不設置車站(zhan)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)的(de)軌道(dao)交通(tong)用(yong)地控(kong)制(zhi)紅線(xian)按(an)照該側(ce)道(dao)路紅線(xian)退(tui)后10m進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)。

4用地控制方法

在(zai)實際操(cao)作中應(ying)遵循“局部服從大(da)局、規劃尊重既(ji)有”的(de)原(yuan)則,對(dui)已(yi)經開始建設的(de)建筑物按照(zhao)既(ji)有條件(jian)考慮,軌道(dao)交(jiao)通用地控(kong)制(zhi)線盡(jin)量避開;對(dui)已(yi)批出但尚未(wei)建設的(de)項(xiang)目(mu),應(ying)積極(ji)向(xiang)建設方提(ti)出規劃協調(diao)要求,盡(jin)可能留出銜(xian)接(jie)條件(jian);對(dui)尚未(wei)批出的(de)建設項(xiang)目(mu),應(ying)嚴格按照(zhao)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通用地控(kong)制(zhi)線予以(yi)控(kong)制(zhi)。

5結論

篇4

關鍵詞:城市(shi)交通;軌道交通項(xiang)目;全壽命周期;價值工程;功(gong)能分(fen)析;功(gong)能評價;方案創新

1

價(jia)值工程的內容、方(fang)法及其應用(yong)

1.1 價值工程內(nei)容(rong)與方法

按照中華人民共和國(guo)國(guo)家標(biao)準《價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程基(ji)本(ben)術語和一(yi)(yi)般工作程序》的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義(yi),價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程(Value Engineering)是“通過(guo)各(ge)相關(guan)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)協作,對(dui)(dui)所研究(jiu)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與費(fei)用進行系(xi)(xi)統分(fen)析,不(bu)斷創(chuang)新,旨在(zai)提高(gao)所研究(jiu)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)思想方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和管(guan)(guan)理技術”。價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程的(de)(de)(de)表達式(shi)為V=F/C,式(shi)中,V—價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu),F—評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu),C—費(fei)用系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)。價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程的(de)(de)(de)內容體(ti)系(xi)(xi)包括(kuo)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)選(xuan)擇、信息收集、功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)分(fen)析、功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)、方(fang)(fang)案創(chuang)新、評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)優(you)選(xuan)幾個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)。價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)包括(kuo)一(yi)(yi)切對(dui)(dui)實現目(mu)標(biao)有用的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和工作方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),包括(kuo)技術的(de)(de)(de)、經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)和組織管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),定(ding)性的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和定(ding)量的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。在(zai)選(xuan)擇對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)時,一(yi)(yi)般采(cai)取經(jing)驗分(fen)析法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、ABC分(fen)析法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、百分(fen)比(bi)分(fen)析法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、強(qiang)制(zhi)確(que)定(ding)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等;在(zai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)分(fen)析時,功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)量化方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)(yi)般有理論計(ji)算法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、技術測定(ding)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、統計(ji)分(fen)析法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、類(lei)比(bi)類(lei)推(tui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等;在(zai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)時,一(yi)(yi)般采(cai)取功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)本(ben)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。

1.2 價值(zhi)工程(cheng)在建設項目(mu)中應用

工程建(jian)設(she)(she)領(ling)域(yu)與其他(ta)行(xing)(xing)業相比有(you)著投(tou)資額大(da),可節省費用空間高等(deng)(deng)特點(dian),是價(jia)值工程實(shi)踐和研究的(de)(de)(de)熱點(dian)行(xing)(xing)業。在建(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)決策(ce)、實(shi)施以(yi)及運營的(de)(de)(de)全壽(shou)命周(zhou)期(qi)過(guo)程中(zhong),都應該進(jin)行(xing)(xing)價(jia)值工程的(de)(de)(de)研究和應用。建(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)議書及可行(xing)(xing)性研究階段,決策(ce)者要(yao)研究的(de)(de)(de)是項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)總體功(gong)能(neng)和目(mu)(mu)標要(yao)求以(yi)及實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa),主(zhu)要(yao)從項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)規模、建(jian)設(she)(she)標準(zhun)、建(jian)設(she)(she)手段等(deng)(deng)幾個方(fang)面明確項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)和目(mu)(mu)標,通過(guo)市場研究、技術研究和效益研究等(deng)(deng),尋求用較經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)和目(mu)(mu)標。

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)是具體確(que)(que)定項(xiang)(xiang)目功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與費用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對立統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),一般分為初步設計與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖設計兩個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計基本上(shang)決(jue)定了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模、標準及功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),形成了設計概算費用(yong)(yong)(yong),確(que)(que)定了投資的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高限額,這(zhe)一階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度達80%以上(shang),在此階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理(li)和(he)方法,在保證(zheng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)下,優(you)化(hua)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)結(jie)構,力(li)求(qiu)降(jiang)低(di)費用(yong)(yong)(yong),是提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)招投標階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)是項(xiang)(xiang)目業(ye)主運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)現(xian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、取(qu)得效益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan),無論是采(cai)取(qu)勘察設計、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)設備(bei)材料分別招投標,還(huan)是采(cai)取(qu)某種(zhong)形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)目總承包(bao)招投標方式(shi),項(xiang)(xiang)目業(ye)主通過(guo)合(he)理(li)界定功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)關系,運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)競爭(zheng)擇(ze)優(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段(duan)(duan),借助(zhu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)化(hua)判(pan)斷,選擇(ze)優(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目服務商、承包(bao)商、供應(ying)(ying)商、運(yun)(yun)營商,通過(guo)合(he)同明(ming)確(que)(que)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標,是項(xiang)(xiang)目應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重中之重。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括優(you)化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計、合(he)理(li)配置施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資源、協(xie)調處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序接口、提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量、加快施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度等(deng)方面(mian),從而以較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本可靠(kao)地實(shi)現(xian)該(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。運(yun)(yun)營階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),重點研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)運(yun)(yun)營功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升,研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)營維(wei)(wei)護和(he)設備(bei)維(wei)(wei)修模式(shi),考(kao)慮社會化(hua)、專業(ye)化(hua)服務對降(jiang)低(di)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。建(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)目后評價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),主要(yao)是總結(jie)經(jing)驗、研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)問題、吸取(qu)教訓、提(ti)出建(jian)議,通過(guo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分析改進工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。

2

城市軌道交通項目特點(dian)及其全壽命周期(qi)價值工程實(shi)施(shi)

2.1 城(cheng)市軌道交通項目特點(dian)

城(cheng)市(shi)快(kuai)速(su)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(地下鐵道(dao)、輕軌(gui)(gui)等)是特(te)別復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)大型建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu),呈(cheng)現下列特(te)點(dian):建(jian)(jian)設(she)規模大,一個城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)線(xian)網(wang)(wang)一般有(you)百余公里(li)至數百公里(li);技(ji)(ji)術要(yao)求(qiu)高,幾乎涉(she)及到(dao)現代土(tu)木工(gong)程(cheng)、機電設(she)備(bei)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)所用高新技(ji)(ji)術領(ling)域(yu);項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)投資大,造(zao)(zao)價達3~4億元(yuan)/km;建(jian)(jian)設(she)周期長,單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)線(xian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)周期要(yao)4~5年(nian),線(xian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)一般要(yao)30~50年(nian);參與單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位多,有(you)成百上(shang)千家;系(xi)統復(fu)雜(za),要(yao)考(kao)(kao)慮軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)與其他交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)方式、城(cheng)市(shi)發展的(de)(de)關系(xi),考(kao)(kao)慮軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)線(xian)網(wang)(wang)布局、建(jian)(jian)設(she)次(ci)序(xu)、資源(yuan)共享的(de)(de)關系(xi),考(kao)(kao)慮軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)策劃、建(jian)(jian)設(she)、運營(ying)、資源(yuan)利用的(de)(de)關系(xi)等;工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理難度大,對項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)業主來說,城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理涉(she)及到(dao)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(要(yao)素)繁雜(za),包(bao)(bao)括項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)組(zu)成的(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)資源(yuan)(人、財、物、信(xin)息(xi)),包(bao)(bao)括項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)組(zu)織(zhi)形態(單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)、部門、單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位),包(bao)(bao)括各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)、制造(zao)(zao)、運營(ying)、管(guan)(guan)理)等;價值工(gong)程(cheng)應用范圍廣,可(ke)以在城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)全壽命周期的(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)個參與單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位、各(ge)(ge)個階段(duan)中實(shi)施(shi)。

2.2 城(cheng)市(shi)軌道交通項目(mu)全(quan)壽命周期價值工(gong)程實施

一(yi)個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)全(quan)壽命(ming)周期(qi)管理涉及到(dao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、全(quan)方(fang)位(wei)(wei)、全(quan)系(xi)(xi)統,根據各參與方(fang)在整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)管理內(nei)容(rong)和(he)重點的(de)不同,一(yi)般(ban)分為2個管理層(ceng)次(ci)。第1個層(ceng)次(ci)是業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理,它是業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)對項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)綜合(he)性管理工(gong)(gong)作,貫穿項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)始(shi)終(zhong),涵蓋項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)全(quan)部,管理的(de)內(nei)容(rong)從(cong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)立項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)終(zhong)結的(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),包括項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)組織、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)投資控制、進(jin)度控制、質(zhi)量控制、合(he)同管理和(he)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)投產運營。在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理的(de)整個系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong),業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理始(shi)終(zhong)處(chu)在核心位(wei)(wei)置。第2層(ceng)次(ci)是實(shi)施方(fang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理,是受業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)委托的(de)設(she)計單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)、施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)、供應單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)、運營單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)實(shi)施項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)標簽(qian)約的(de)那(nei)一(yi)部分工(gong)(gong)作內(nei)容(rong),屬于對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)局部管理。同樣(yang),建設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)價值工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施也分為這2個層(ceng)次(ci),本文所述的(de)城(cheng)市軌道(dao)交通(tong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)壽命(ming)周期(qi)價值工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施特指業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)的(de)管理實(shi)施。

城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)周期是將一個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作為(wei)整體來考慮(lv),工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從開始到結束所經(jing)歷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)階(jie)段全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),它可(ke)定(ding)義為(wei)對(dui)整個(ge)線網系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮(lv),也(ye)可(ke)定(ding)義為(wei)對(dui)一條(tiao)線路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮(lv)。城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包括(kuo):項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)策劃(hua)階(jie)段(項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)議、可(ke)行性研(yan)究),項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設實(shi)(shi)施階(jie)段(設計、施工(gong)(gong)和竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)),物業(ye)運(yun)營(ying)(ying)管理階(jie)段(運(yun)營(ying)(ying)準備、運(yun)營(ying)(ying)使用(yong)(yong))。城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值是通過(guo)(guo)建(jian)成后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)營(ying)(ying)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)周期價(jia)值工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)施要求(qiu)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)策劃(hua)、建(jian)設面向運(yun)營(ying)(ying)功能,要求(qiu)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)策劃(hua)、建(jian)設和運(yun)營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源、組織、技術、過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一體化,即在項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策劃(hua)和建(jian)設過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中充分考慮(lv)運(yun)營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang),通過(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策劃(hua)、建(jian)設、運(yun)營(ying)(ying)等環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充分結合(he),使工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)面向運(yun)營(ying)(ying)最終功能,以較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)費用(yong)(yong),實(shi)(shi)現(xian)功能,創造最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益、社會效益和環(huan)境效益。

3

城市(shi)軌道交通項(xiang)目全壽命周期價值(zhi)目標

全(quan)壽命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)期價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)工程應用必須(xu)有明確的(de)(de)全(quan)壽命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)期價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)。城市軌道交通工程全(quan)壽命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)期價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)系統(tong)必須(xu)符(fu)合如下(xia)要(yao)求:應從建(jian)設項目(mu)的(de)(de)整體(ti)出(chu)發,反映(ying)項目(mu)全(quan)壽命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)期的(de)(de)要(yao)求,既包(bao)括(kuo)建(jian)設期的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao),更注(zhu)重運營期的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao);應有較(jiao)大的(de)(de)包(bao)容性,既注(zhu)重業主和用戶(hu)的(de)(de)需求,也應包(bao)括(kuo)其它相關方的(de)(de)需求;應體(ti)現對(dui)(dui)社會(hui)的(de)(de)貢獻,反映(ying)社會(hui)環(huan)境、可持(chi)續發展(zhan)對(dui)(dui)項目(mu)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。全(quan)壽命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)期價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)系統(tong)包(bao)括(kuo)建(jian)設價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)、運營價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)、資源利用價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)、全(quan)壽命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)期總體(ti)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)。

(1)建設價值目(mu)標著重包含(han)工程(cheng)質量目(mu)標、工期(qi)目(mu)標、投資目(mu)標。

(2)運營價(jia)值目標(biao)著(zhu)重(zhong)包(bao)含(han)服務質(zhi)量目標(biao)、運營成本目標(biao)、經濟收益(yi)目標(biao)。資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)利用價(jia)值目標(biao)強(qiang)調整合延伸資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),創(chuang)造延伸收益(yi)。

(3)全壽(shou)命周期總體(ti)價(jia)值目(mu)標是指對上述目(mu)標的(de)整合,著(zhu)重(zhong)體(ti)現功能(neng)目(mu)標、費用目(mu)標、時間目(mu)標、社會目(mu)標。全壽(shou)命周期功能(neng)目(mu)標追(zhui)求工程質(zhi)量(liang)、服(fu)務質(zhi)量(liang)目(mu)標的(de)統一性(xing),更著(zhu)眼于系統的(de)整體(ti)功能(neng)、技術標準、安全保證,包括設計質(zhi)量(liang)、施工質(zhi)量(liang)、運營(ying)質(zhi)量(liang)、使用功能(neng)等。

(4)全(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)費用(yong)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)整合了建設(she)投資、運(yun)營成本、運(yun)營收(shou)(shou)益、延伸收(shou)(shou)益目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),是全(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)費用(yong)和收(shou)(shou)益的(de)(de)統一。全(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時間目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)包括(kuo)設(she)計壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、建設(she)工(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、服(fu)務壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),涉及物(wu)理(li)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)與(yu)經濟壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)相互關系。全(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)社會目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)主(zhu)要強調項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)社會效應,包括(kuo)各方(fang)面滿(man)意目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、環(huan)境協調目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、可持續發展(zhan)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。全(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)總體價值目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)主(zhu)要追求全(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)功能目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)與(yu)全(quan)(quan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)費用(yong)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)比值的(de)(de)優(you)化。

轉貼于(yu) 4 城市軌(gui)道交(jiao)通項目(mu)價值工(gong)程(cheng)對象選擇

城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)項目建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)涉及(ji)眾多技(ji)術領域,價值工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)對象(xiang)包括路網(wang)規(gui)劃、線(xian)(xian)(xian)路設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)、土建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、機電(dian)運營(ying)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備等(deng)系(xi)統,工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)模巨大(da),建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)周期較長(chang),價值工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)對象(xiang)選擇復雜(za)。城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)路網(wang)規(gui)劃主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)預測客流(liu)(liu)量、交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)方式選擇、編制路網(wang)規(gui)劃等(deng)工(gong)作,它是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)技(ji)術依據,它的(de)好壞直(zhi)接影(ying)響城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)結(jie)構的(de)合理性、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投資和(he)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益和(he)社會效益,每個城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)在修建(jian)(jian)第一條城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路之(zhi)前,按照(zhao)規(gui)劃設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)年限編制路網(wang)規(gui)劃,經(jing)專(zhuan)家評審后報有(you)關政府機關審批確定(ding)。每條城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)對象(xiang)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)包括:線(xian)(xian)(xian)路設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)限界(jie)、線(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)平縱剖面設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)及(ji)軌(gui)道(dao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)等(deng),線(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)走(zou)向應緊(jin)密結(jie)合城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)道(dao)路網(wang)和(he)客流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)向情況,盡量經(jing)過大(da)的(de)客流(liu)(liu)集散點,線(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)限界(jie)既要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證安全又要(yao)(yao)(yao)合理;土建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(地(di)下車(che)(che)站(zhan)、地(di)面車(che)(che)站(zhan)、高架車(che)(che)站(zhan))、區間(地(di)下隧道(dao)、地(di)面高架橋)、車(che)(che)輛段等(deng),它是(shi)地(di)鐵(tie)車(che)(che)輛運行及(ji)客流(liu)(liu)組織的(de)載體,是(shi)項目建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)部分;運營(ying)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)車(che)(che)輛、供電(dian)、通(tong)(tong)風與空調(diao)、通(tong)(tong)信(xin)、信(xin)號、自動(dong)售檢票(piao)、給(gei)水(shui)排水(shui)、防災報警、自動(dong)扶梯及(ji)電(dian)梯等(deng),運營(ying)機電(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)聯調(diao)運營(ying),是(shi)地(di)鐵(tie)成(cheng)功建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)的(de)標志。

從(cong)城(cheng)市軌(gui)道交通(tong)項目(mu)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)結構分析中可知,投(tou)資量較(jiao)大(da)的(de)各部分占(zhan)投(tou)資的(de)比例分別為(wei):土建(jian)結構25%~30%,車輛10%~15%,供(gong)電6%~9%,通(tong)信信號3%~6%,車輛段5%~7%,其(qi)他費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(征地拆(chai)遷、資金利息等)10%~15%,選擇這些(xie)重要對象(xiang)應(ying)成為(wei)價值工程應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)重點(dian)。從(cong)城(cheng)市軌(gui)道交通(tong)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)控制(zhi)的(de)過程看,費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)控制(zhi)貫穿(chuan)于(yu)項目(mu)全壽命周期(qi)(qi),但(dan)每(mei)個階段費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)控制(zhi)的(de)重要性不(bu)一樣,經驗(yan)表明,越是項目(mu)前期(qi)(qi),費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)控制(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)越大(da),因(yin)此,城(cheng)市軌(gui)道交通(tong)項目(mu)過程對象(xiang)選擇的(de)重點(dian)在全壽命周期(qi)(qi)的(de)前期(qi)(qi)。

5 城市軌(gui)道交(jiao)通項目價(jia)值(zhi)工程功(gong)能(neng)分析與(yu)評(ping)價(jia)

城市軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)價值工(gong)程(cheng)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)分(fen)析(xi)比較復雜(za),項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)內容是(shi)建(jian)設城市軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)運輸系(xi)統(tong)(tong),其主要(yao)(yao)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)就是(shi)提供安全(quan)、便捷(jie)、舒適、大容量、高質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)服務。從系(xi)統(tong)(tong)理論(lun)可(ke)知(zhi),軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)取決于(yu)軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)素(su)和(he)(he)結構(gou),系(xi)統(tong)(tong)要(yao)(yao)素(su)優良(liang)、結構(gou)合(he)(he)(he)理,系(xi)統(tong)(tong)變換職能(neng)(neng)就好(hao),系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)也好(hao)。城市軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)由(you)(you)各單位工(gong)程(cheng)組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),系(xi)統(tong)(tong)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞(huai)是(shi)由(you)(you)單項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質和(he)(he)有序(xu)組合(he)(he)(he)程(cheng)序(xu)決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),單項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)定位得當、組合(he)(he)(he)有序(xu),軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)就能(neng)(neng)得到較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮。同樣(yang),使用(yong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮還(huan)必須從全(quan)壽(shou)命周期來考慮。因此(ci),項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)合(he)(he)(he)理,最終取決于(yu)在全(quan)壽(shou)命周期系(xi)統(tong)(tong)地對(dui)各單項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定位和(he)(he)整合(he)(he)(he),而這種定位和(he)(he)整合(he)(he)(he)又決定了工(gong)程(cheng)投資費用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小。

功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)分(fen)析(xi)和評價的(de)重(zhong)點是:通(tong)過(guo)對項目功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)與(yu)評價,運用系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)綜(zong)合方法,對各單(dan)項工程(cheng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及(ji)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)之間(jian)相(xiang)互關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)進(jin)(jin)行研(yan)究,對系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)投資(zi)費用進(jin)(jin)行研(yan)究,力爭尋找到(dao)一種較優的(de)組合,從(cong)而使(shi)軌道交通(tong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)結構(gou)達(da)到(dao)優化,這種優化后的(de)結構(gou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠使(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)整(zheng)體把各單(dan)項工程(cheng)有(you)益的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)放大并綜(zong)合,標準功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)匹(pi)配(pei)(pei),創造出既(ji)滿足經(jing)濟(ji)適(shi)用又做(zuo)到(dao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)合理(li)的(de)結果(guo)。在功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)評價中必須分(fen)析(xi)城市(shi)軌道交通(tong)工程(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)定(ding)位與(yu)匹(pi)配(pei)(pei)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi),功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)定(ding)位應(ying)包(bao)括特(te)性(xing)、實用性(xing)、可信性(xing)、安全性(xing)、環境要求、經(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)、美觀(guan)性(xing)等(deng)(deng)諸多(duo)方面(mian),應(ying)貫穿(chuan)整(zheng)個壽命周期,注意功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)匹(pi)配(pei)(pei),保持(chi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)結構(gou)的(de)合理(li),著重(zhong)對基本功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、輔助(zhu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、外(wai)觀(guan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)(jin)行分(fen)類、整(zheng)理(li)、評價、定(ding)位,保證系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)前提(ti)是正確(que)(que)的(de),特(te)別應(ying)注意既(ji)要適(shi)當考慮功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)品位,又要有(you)效抑止過(guo)剩功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),確(que)(que)保必要功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),滿足基本功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng);應(ying)從(cong)運營功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足為目標,認真考慮土建結構(gou)、設備系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)與(yu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標準之間(jian)的(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi),以達(da)到(dao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)佳投資(zi)省的(de)目的(de)。

6 城(cheng)市軌道交通(tong)項目價值工程方案創新與(yu)優(you)選

6.1根(gen)據城市經(jing)濟、社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展的(de)具體情(qing)況確定(ding)合理的(de)功能(neng)定(ding)位(wei)

功能(neng)(neng)(neng)定位(wei)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li),直接決定了軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)費(fei)用(yong)總(zong)額的(de)(de)多(duo)少(shao)。軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)定位(wei)既取決于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)到一(yi)定階段的(de)(de)客(ke)觀要(yao)求,同時也必須與城(cheng)市(shi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)提供的(de)(de)現(xian)實條件相匹配。較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)、較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)當然(ran)能(neng)(neng)(neng)提供較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)服務水平,也會給城(cheng)市(shi)帶來形象和(he)生機,但脫離城(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)富余功能(neng)(neng)(neng)只會欲速(su)不達。城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設,應根據城(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)客(ke)運交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)需求,以客(ke)流(liu)預(yu)測為基(ji)礎,結合(he)(he)城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設實施規劃,擬定建(jian)(jian)(jian)設順序,并根據投融資能(neng)(neng)(neng)力合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)選(xuan)(xuan)定功能(neng)(neng)(neng),按(an)序建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。功能(neng)(neng)(neng)選(xuan)(xuan)定應作多(duo)方案比較(jiao)(jiao),進行技術經濟論證,綜合(he)(he)比選(xuan)(xuan),盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在滿足必要(yao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)前(qian)提下分期、分階段建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。特別(bie)是在城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)路網規劃中(zhong)應突出重(zhong)點,注(zhu)意路網結構(gou)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li),保(bao)證重(zhong)要(yao)骨架(jia)網優先建(jian)(jian)(jian)成發(fa)揮效益(yi);在軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)車(che)站、車(che)輛段中(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)土建(jian)(jian)(jian)結構(gou),不片(pian)面追求氣(qi)勢和(he)華麗(li),應突出交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)主(zhu)體地位(wei),保(bao)證簡潔(jie)、明快、便于(yu)(yu)人行,便于(yu)(yu)修車(che);在車(che)輛、機電(dian)設備等選(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)方面,應首要(yao)考慮適(shi)用(yong)原則(ze),不過多(duo)強調富余和(he)等級(ji),保(bao)證合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)下的(de)(de)緊(jin)湊和(he)節(jie)約;特別(bie)應注(zhu)意控制初期工(gong)程(cheng)規模,努力減少(shao)初期投資。

6.2 在功能合理指導下確定適(shi)當(dang)的建(jian)設標準,控制建(jian)設費用

我(wo)國是(shi)(shi)發展中國家,城市建(jian)(jian)設(she)各方面都(dou)需要大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金,城市軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)只要滿(man)足“安全可靠、功(gong)能合(he)理”,就不(bu)宜在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)設(she)標準(zhun)上(shang)(shang)相互攀比(bi),追求高檔,應注意形(xing)式服從(cong)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)功(gong)能,努力做到經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)適用。必須明確(que)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工程(cheng)合(he)理功(gong)能下(xia)費(fei)(fei)用控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)、過(guo)程(cheng)、方法(fa)、措施等重(zhong)點。內容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點主要放(fang)在(zai)(zai)前(qian)期準(zhun)備(bei)費(fei)(fei)、土建(jian)(jian)工程(cheng)費(fei)(fei)、設(she)備(bei)購置費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)上(shang)(shang),如(ru)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)超(chao)前(qian)規劃控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)降(jiang)低(di)拆遷費(fei)(fei)用,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)線(xian)路選擇(ze)降(jiang)低(di)土建(jian)(jian)工程(cheng)費(fei)(fei)用,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)合(he)理功(gong)能定(ding)位降(jiang)低(di)設(she)備(bei)購置費(fei)(fei)用。過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點主要放(fang)在(zai)(zai)設(she)計階段和(he)建(jian)(jian)設(she)實施階段的(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)上(shang)(shang),如(ru)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)明確(que)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)目標、推行限額設(she)計、嚴格(ge)規范(fan)招投標形(xing)成充分競爭(zheng)、強化技術(shu)(shu)進步等降(jiang)低(di)投資(zi)。方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點主要放(fang)在(zai)(zai)選擇(ze)包括技術(shu)(shu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)分析方法(fa)在(zai)(zai)內的(de)(de)(de)實際運用上(shang)(shang),實踐證明,方案比(bi)較法(fa)、價值分析方法(fa)等都(dou)是(shi)(shi)行之有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)科學方法(fa)。措施的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點主要放(fang)在(zai)(zai)組織、技術(shu)(shu)、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、合(he)同等措施的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)、整合(he)和(he)落(luo)實上(shang)(shang),尤其是(shi)(shi)措施的(de)(de)(de)落(luo)實,直接關系(xi)到費(fei)(fei)用控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果和(he)成敗。

6.3 大(da)力推進(jin)技(ji)術進(jin)步和車輛(liang)、設備國產化

城市軌(gui)道交通工程(cheng)的(de)車輛、機電設(she)備(bei)投資(zi)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)約占投資(zi)部分的(de)40%左(zuo)右(you),由于其技術(shu)要求較高(gao),國(guo)內近幾年建(jian)成的(de)城市軌(gui)道交通工程(cheng)中車輛、機電設(she)備(bei)很多都依賴進(jin)口,費用(yong)(yong)(yong)居高(gao)不下。因此,大力(li)推(tui)進(jin)技術(shu)進(jin)步(bu)和車輛、設(she)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)(chan)化,是控(kong)制投資(zi)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)重(zhong)要方面。目前,國(guo)家已明(ming)確要求城市軌(gui)道交通車輛和設(she)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)(chan)化必須(xu)達(da)到70%以上。從已實(shi)施國(guo)產(chan)(chan)化的(de)廣州地鐵2號(hao)線和南京地鐵1號(hao)線來看,投資(zi)控(kong)制效果明(ming)顯,在保(bao)證(zheng)相同(tong)功能的(de)前提下費用(yong)(yong)(yong)降低了20%~30%。

6.4 充分(fen)重視(shi)城市軌道(dao)交通工程(cheng)全壽命(ming)周期費用的控制

從城市(shi)軌道交通項目(mu)一次投(tou)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)限定(ding)(ding)性(xing)、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長期(qi)性(xing)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)構成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜性(xing)出發,實(shi)現(xian)一次投(tou)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi),長期(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低,全(quan)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優化。必須分(fen)析整個城市(shi)軌道交通工(gong)(gong)程系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)全(quan)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)結(jie)構和(he)(he)控制(zhi)重(zhong)點,了解各子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)全(quan)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小,確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)整個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)全(quan)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫向比例結(jie)構,根據費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比重(zhong)分(fen)析法的(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li),定(ding)(ding)位費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)重(zhong)點控制(zhi)、次要控制(zhi)、一般(ban)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類和(he)(he)范圍;必須分(fen)析城市(shi)軌道交通工(gong)(gong)程各子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)結(jie)構和(he)(he)組成(cheng),從各子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)中分(fen)析一次投(tou)資和(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例關系(xi)(xi)(xi),在功能分(fen)析指導下(xia)尋(xun)找(zhao)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合點,確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)各子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)全(quan)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)縱(zong)向結(jie)構,考(kao)慮將不(bu)同子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設期(qi)或使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)作(zuo)為費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點。

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篇5

【關鍵詞】客運;軌(gui)道交通;車站(zhan);城市;協同發展

0 引言

隨著我(wo)國城(cheng)市化(hua)水平不斷提高,特(te)大城(cheng)市及城(cheng)市群(qun)競相涌(yong)現,大運(yun)量快(kuai)速(su)客運(yun)軌道交通應(ying)運(yun)而生(sheng)。而建立(li)多層(ceng)次的城(cheng)市公共交通體系(xi)(xi),適(shi)應(ying)城(cheng)市空間布局,結(jie)合(he)軌道交通站點建設換乘樞紐和(he)^域服務(wu)中心是(shi)我(wo)國城(cheng)鎮化(hua)可持續(xu)發(fa)展的支撐和(he)引導。因此,本文(wen)對快(kuai)速(su)客運(yun)軌道交通系(xi)(xi)統與城(cheng)市協同發(fa)展相關問題展開(kai)研(yan)究。

1 快軌交通設計分析

1.1 快(kuai)軌交通概念與特(te)征

快(kuai)速客運軌道交通(tong)系統可分為服務(wu)于(yu)城(cheng)市(shi)區域范圍內市(shi)域鐵路(lu)及服務(wu)于(yu)城(cheng)市(shi)間(jian)、城(cheng)市(shi)群區域范圍內的城(cheng)際鐵路(lu)。

特(te)征(zheng)可歸納(na)為以(yi)下幾點:

(1)速(su)度快:采用CRH動車組,速(su)度可(ke)高達200km/h,相比一般城市軌道交通(多(duo)不超(chao)過80km/h)和部分干(gan)線鐵(tie)路(多(duo)不超(chao)過160km/h),優勢明顯。

(2)公交(jiao)化(hua):多(duo)采用公交(jiao)化(hua)的列(lie)車開(kai)行方式,如一站(zhan)直(zhi)達(da)、大站(zhan)直(zhi)達(da)、交(jiao)錯停(ting)站(zhan)、站(zhan)站(zhan)停(ting)等。

(3)時間短:多以(yi)“一日可達”標準來控制,一次出行以(yi)1~2h為(wei)宜(yi)。

(4)安全可靠:具有軌(gui)道交通運輸獨立、封閉的(de)安全特(te)征(zheng),受氣候條件影響小。

1.2 快軌交通車站設計影(ying)響因素

1.2.1 線網規劃

系統(tong)線(xian)網方(fang)案,不僅要(yao)符(fu)合鐵路區域路網及樞紐規劃(hua),客運布局及分(fen)工、列車(che)開行方(fang)案及既有設備布置等因素;更(geng)應符(fu)合城市總(zong)體(ti)規劃(hua)并引(yin)領規劃(hua),線(xian)位既要(yao)盡(jin)可能避(bi)免(mian)造成新的(de)分(fen)割(ge),又兼顧主要(yao)經濟據點,吸(xi)引(yin)客流,與城市交通配套銜(xian)接,必要(yao)的(de)時候(hou)以點(車(che)站(zhan))定線(xian)[1] [2] [3] [4]。

1.2.2 站點(dian)選擇

站點的選擇(ze)應協同城市規劃,分(fen)析客流,統籌其(qi)它交(jiao)通方式,結合地理位(wei)置(zhi)、空間布局、建設條件(jian)、市政配(pei)套、客運站車場(chang)分(fen)工(gong)、運輸組織及(ji)養護維修等因素(su),并根(gen)據運營(ying)實際增減 [2] [3] [4] 。

1.2.3 工程建設方式

系統的(de)線(xian)路(lu)、車站可分為高架(jia)、落地、地下3種(zhong)工程敷設、布置(zhi)形式。不同方式造(zao)成的(de)城市土地分割(ge)、環境影響(xiang)不同,相應(ying)投資也不同 [3]。

1.2.4 系統與城市交通銜接(jie)

系(xi)統引入城(cheng)市(shi),車(che)站最終要通(tong)過城(cheng)市(shi)交(jiao)通(tong)來(lai)銜(xian)接,以(yi)(yi)完成旅客(ke)出行。合(he)理的(de)(de)銜(xian)接換(huan)乘設計,可以(yi)(yi)有效實現旅客(ke)的(de)(de)快速集(ji)散,方便出行,達(da)到“以(yi)(yi)人為(wei)本”。

1.2.5 系統和(he)土地綜(zong)合開發

將軌道交(jiao)通建設與土(tu)地開(kai)(kai)發(fa)結合(he),可(ke)充分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)其布局引(yin)導作用,體現以可(ke)達(da)性為核心的(de)(de)城市布局與交(jiao)通發(fa)展觀念,為城市、城市群(qun)的(de)(de)可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)展創造條件,同時綜(zong)合(he)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)帶來的(de)(de)價值,又(you)可(ke)為軌道交(jiao)通提供反哺(bu)與正回饋,形成(cheng)二者協同發(fa)展。

2 快(kuai)軌交(jiao)通與(yu)城市交(jiao)通的(de)銜(xian)接設計

系(xi)統與城市(shi)常規地面交(jiao)通的(de)銜接換乘(cheng),多采用場(chang)站(zhan)分離(li)方式。站(zhan)前廣場(chang)上合(he)理布局公交(jiao)、出租車、長途汽車站(zhan),各站(zhan)點盡可能(neng)靠近(jin)站(zhan)房,并(bing)考慮良好的(de)換乘(cheng)空間(jian)和設施。

系統與城市軌道交通的無縫銜接,主(zhu)要有同(tong)站站外(wai)換(huan)乘及同(tong)站站內(nei)換(huan)乘兩(liang)種方式(shi)。

2.1 站外換乘方式

同站站外換(huan)乘(cheng),一(yi)般是新建(jian)城市交通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)車站修建(jian)于既有鐵(tie)(tie)路車站廣場一(yi)側(ce),出入(ru)口(kou)緊鄰鐵(tie)(tie)路站房,或(huo)新建(jian)換(huan)乘(cheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)出入(ru)口(kou)或(huo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)實現(xian)換(huan)乘(cheng)。如成都南(nan)站,成都地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)1號線位于其(qi)南(nan)站房廣場西側(ce),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)地(di)(di)下通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)與南(nan)站房地(di)(di)下出站換(huan)乘(cheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)相連。規(gui)劃的(de)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)7號線平行于國鐵(tie)(tie),從南(nan)站房地(di)(di)下穿過(guo),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)南(nan)站房預留(liu)地(di)(di)下換(huan)乘(cheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)來(lai)實現(xian)銜接。

2.2 站內換乘方(fang)式

2.2.1 同(tong)站(zhan)站(zhan)內(nei)銜接換(huan)乘

主要(yao)有同站(zhan)立(li)體換(huan)乘(cheng)及同站(zhan)平(ping)面(mian)換(huan)乘(cheng)兩種方式(shi)[3] 。

龍洞堡站,貴陽市域鐵(tie)(tie)路東北環線與輕(qing)(qing)軌(gui)(gui)(gui)2號線的(de)節點站,位于(yu)龍洞堡機場二期(qi)擴(kuo)建(jian)航站樓前(qian)。地下(xia)一層(ceng)是(shi)國鐵(tie)(tie)與輕(qing)(qing)軌(gui)(gui)(gui)共用站廳層(ceng),地下(xia)二層(ceng)是(shi)輕(qing)(qing)軌(gui)(gui)(gui)站臺(tai)層(ceng),地下(xia)三層(ceng)是(shi)國鐵(tie)(tie)站臺(tai)層(ceng)。

成都東客站(zhan),成都市地(di)鐵(tie)2號線(xian)(xian)、7號線(xian)(xian)車(che)站(zhan)均位于站(zhan)場及西站(zhan)房下(xia)方。其中(zhong)2、7號線(xian)(xian)付(fu)費(fei)區設于地(di)下(xia)一層(ceng)(ceng),地(di)下(xia)二層(ceng)(ceng)為2號線(xian)(xian)站(zhan)臺(tai)層(ceng)(ceng),地(di)下(xia)三層(ceng)(ceng)為7號線(xian)(xian)站(zhan)臺(tai)層(ceng)(ceng)。車(che)站(zhan)在地(di)下(xia)一層(ceng)(ceng)設地(di)鐵(tie)付(fu)費(fei)區換(huan)(huan)乘廳(ting)以實現(xian)兩者間(jian)客流換(huan)(huan)乘。

同(tong)站站外換乘(cheng),換乘(cheng)流線不(bu)暢(chang),走行距(ju)離長,不(bu)易管(guan)理。

同站站內立體換(huan)乘,需通(tong)過(guo)換(huan)乘廳,無論是設置自動(dong)扶梯(ti)、升降電(dian)梯(ti)、步行樓梯(ti)或(huo)專用通(tong)道,都至少需完成一(yi)(yi)進一(yi)(yi)出(chu)(一(yi)(yi)上一(yi)(yi)下)的過(guo)程

2.2.2 同站(zhan)站(zhan)內(nei)同臺換(huan)乘

條件允(yun)許(xu),可采取(qu)同(tong)站(zhan)站(zhan)內(nei)同(tong)臺換乘,采取(qu)雙島(dao)式站(zhan)臺設計,在站(zhan)臺上通過票務設備實現(xian)換乘,實現(xian)真(zhen)正(zheng)無(wu)縫銜接。

犀(xi)浦站(zhan)(zhan),是成(cheng)灌線(xian)與成(cheng)都地鐵2號線(xian)的換乘(cheng)站(zhan)(zhan),采用共站(zhan)(zhan)“同臺換乘(cheng)”設計。在國內(nei)首(shou)次實現了(le)快速客運(yun)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交通系統與城(cheng)市軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交通共站(zhan)(zhan)同臺換乘(cheng)。[5][6]

3 快軌交通與(yu)城市綜合開發協(xie)同研究(jiu)

3.1 制(zhi)定綜合開發相關規(gui)劃

根據快軌(gui)線路宏觀走向,結合城市(shi)總體規劃(hua)(hua),協調車站規劃(hua)(hua)和城市(shi)空(kong)間規劃(hua)(hua),分(fen)析(xi)城市(shi)空(kong)間發(fa)展戰略;充分(fen)發(fa)揮快速客運(yun)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通給城市(shi)發(fa)展帶來(lai)的引(yin)導提(ti)升和綜合效益,進而(er)制定綜合開發(fa)相關規劃(hua)(hua)。

3.2 確立沿線用地(di)開發功能與(yu)定位(wei)

針對各(ge)(ge)站點輻射范圍,再(zai)進行(xing)以(yi)銜接(jie)換乘公共交通為導向的開發(fa),以(yi)提高土地資源和各(ge)(ge)類資源利用效率(lv)為核心,調整、完善站點周邊地區的規劃和城市功能設計。

分析(xi)區域(yu)內(nei)經濟、人口和(he)其他長期影響土地、房地產業發展(zhan)的(de)因素以(yi)及相關物業投資政策。

研究區(qu)域城(cheng)市發展(zhan)、產業發展(zhan)等,以及城(cheng)市人口需求的預測,明確功(gong)能定(ding)位,提出沿線區(qu)域適(shi)合發展(zhan)的城(cheng)市功(gong)能內容(rong)和規模。

根據(ju)系統(tong)沿線城市功能屬性,界(jie)定各站點的特色(se)以及(ji)所應具備的服務(wu)能級,作為用地規(gui)劃調整的基礎。

3.3 站(zhan)點(dian)開發的系(xi)統整合設(she)計(ji)

整合設(she)計(ji)主要(yao)應包括三個一體(ti)(ti),即投資主體(ti)(ti)與(yu)設(she)計(ji)一體(ti)(ti);站點總平面與(yu)工程一體(ti)(ti);不同(tong)交通方式的協同(tong)一體(ti)(ti)。

根據沿線(xian)的現狀和(he)規劃情況、站(zhan)(zhan)點開(kai)(kai)發(fa)功能(neng)定位,對可(ke)能(neng)存在的問題(ti)從調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)站(zhan)(zhan)位、線(xian)路或調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)用地布局兩方面進(jin)行(xing)優化(hua),穩定線(xian)路走(zou)向和(he)站(zhan)(zhan)點基本(ben)位置,針對各個(ge)重(zhong)要站(zhan)(zhan)點及(ji)周(zhou)邊(bian)地塊展(zhan)開(kai)(kai)細(xi)化(hua)的開(kai)(kai)發(fa)策劃工作,包括開(kai)(kai)發(fa)站(zhan)(zhan)點定位、物業類型、強度和(he)配比(bi)、開(kai)(kai)發(fa)策略等。

針對站(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)為核心,對車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)、周(zhou)邊地塊空間及上(shang)蓋物業進行一體化(hua)的整合(he)規劃設計(ji),根(gen)據站(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)特(te)征、土地利用、發(fa)展潛力等,調整優化(hua)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)設計(ji)方案。做到(dao)總平面布(bu)(bu)置合(he)理(li)集約(yue)、土地功能區布(bu)(bu)局清晰,工程綜合(he)平衡節(jie)約(yue)。

4 結語

上述理論分析及工(gong)程案例,主要針對快速客運軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)車站設計與城市(shi)協同的發(fa)展進(jin)行理論探索(suo)與工(gong)程實(shi)踐,希(xi)望能為相關設計和實(shi)踐帶來啟示。

【參考文獻】

[1]中(zhong)華人民共和國建設部.GB50091-2006 鐵路車站及樞紐設計規(gui)范[S].北京(jing):中(zhong)國計劃出版社,2006.

[2]中華(hua)人民共(gong)和國建設(she)(she)部.GB50090-2006 鐵(tie)路線路設(she)(she)計規范(fan)[S].北京:中國計劃出版(ban)社,2006.

[3]國(guo)(guo)家鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)局.TB 10623-2014,城際(ji)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)設計規范(fan) [S]. 北京:中國(guo)(guo)鐵(tie)(tie)道出版社,2015.

[4]沈海(hai)劍.市域鐵路(lu)車站設計研究 [J]. 鐵道標準設計,2012(4):22-23

篇6

城市(shi)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈較長(chang),涵(han)蓋(gai)了制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)和服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)多個行(xing)業(ye)(ye),市(shi)場需要巨大。其中,制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)主要包括(kuo)車(che)輛(liang)系統(tong)(tong)、信(xin)號配(pei)備、變配(pei)電設(she)(she)施、通(tong)信(xin)設(she)(she)備、大型通(tong)風空調機組、自動售檢票系統(tong)(tong)、月(yue)臺安全(quan)門、監視系統(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)施、軌(gui)道工程等。服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)主要包括(kuo)規劃(hua)設(she)(she)計、運(yun)輸服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu),以及(ji)(ji)附著在(zai)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)硬件設(she)(she)備系統(tong)(tong)上的(de)(de)信(xin)息產(chan)業(ye)(ye),附著在(zai)運(yun)輸服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)上的(de)(de)設(she)(she)備維護維修、金融服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)、站(zhan)內(nei)商貿及(ji)(ji)廣告業(ye)(ye)、人員培訓等一系列(lie)相(xiang)關子(zi)項服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。

城市(shi)軌道交通已成(cheng)為政府投資的(de)重點,當然也會(hui)產(chan)生巨大的(de)產(chan)業發展空間,再加之(zhi)擁(yong)有如此之(zhi)長的(de)產(chan)業鏈,各省市(shi)定會(hui)將其確定為新興(xing)產(chan)業去著力培育,而政策抉擇自然也會(hui)成(cheng)為諸(zhu)多政府的(de)主要(yao)選擇。

城市軌道交通(tong)市場需求

根據國家(jia)已(yi)批準(zhun)城市(shi)軌道交(jiao)通建設規劃和正(zheng)在申報城市(shi)軌道交(jiao)通建設規劃的(de)(de)規模初步預(yu)測,2009~2018年間,我國將(jiang)有(you)近25座城市(shi)、建設80多(duo)條(tiao)城市(shi)軌道交(jiao)通線(xian)路(lu),將(jiang)要新建線(xian)路(lu)2000~2500多(duo)公里(li),投(tou)資規模8000~10000億元。如此(ci)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)投(tou)資,說明軌道交(jiao)通帶動的(de)(de)相關產業(ye)市(shi)場需求是(shi)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)。

按照當前我(wo)國城市軌道交通平均每公里(li)線路實(shi)際保有(you)約(yue)7.7輛(liang)車的情況預(yu)測,我(wo)國將需(xu)各(ge)類車輛(liang)1.5-2.0萬輛(liang),若再考慮(lv)現(xian)有(you)車輛(liang)的更新和技術改造,將需(xu)要更多的車輛(liang)。如按每輛(liang)車600萬元計(ji),2009-2018年,全(quan)國軌道交通車輛(liang)投資需(xu)求約(yue)900,1200億元。

據統計,北(bei)京、上(shang)海、廣(guang)州(zhou)已建成的(de)城(cheng)市軌道交(jiao)通車輛和(he)機電設(she)備投(tou)資約(yue)占工程項(xiang)目總投(tou)資30%-35%,取(qu)中間值32.5%計算(suan),2009-2018年,全(quan)國軌道交(jiao)通車輛和(he)機電設(she)備投(tou)資約(yue)需2600-3250億元(yuan)。

另根據中國交通(tong)運輸協會城市軌道交通(tong)專(zhuan)業委員會所(suo)做的(de)統計分析,城市軌道交通(tong)通(tong)信(xin)信(xin)號系(xi)統的(de)總(zong)投(tou)資約占城市軌道交通(tong)車(che)輛及機電設備(bei)總(zong)投(tou)資的(de)10%-20%,以(yi)中間值(zhi)15%計算,2009-2018年,我國城市軌道交通(tong)通(tong)信(xin)信(xin)號系(xi)統的(de)總(zong)投(tou)資預計約需390-490億(yi)元(yuan)。

而作為城市(shi)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通運營基礎和(he)安(an)全保障(zhang)的(de)供電制式,一旦確定不(bu)容易(yi)改(gai)變,其投(tou)資(zi)僅次于(yu)車輛。從統計數據(ju)看,供電系統占城市(shi)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通車輛及機電設備(bei)(bei)總投(tou)資(zi)的(de)15%-25%,是個(ge)僅次于(yu)車輛裝備(bei)(bei)的(de)、具有巨大市(shi)場潛力的(de)產業。以中間值20%計算,2009-2018年,供電系統裝備(bei)(bei)投(tou)資(zi)共約520-650億(yi)元。

此(ci)外,城(cheng)市軌道(dao)交通的(de)咨詢服(fu)務(wu)費(fei)通常會占到軌道(dao)交通總投(tou)(tou)資(zi)的(de)7%-9%。以8%計算,2009-2018年,城(cheng)市軌道(dao)交通咨詢服(fu)務(wu)業所需投(tou)(tou)資(zi)共(gong)約640-800億(yi)元。

作為正大力(li)發展城市軌道(dao)交(jiao)通的(de)北京市,至2009年(nian)底已建成227公(gong)里,根(gen)據規劃(hua),2015年(nian)將使通車(che)線(xian)路達到561公(gong)里,也就是說2010~2015年(nian)間需新建334公(gong)里。根(gen)據測算(suan)(含地下線(xian)、地上線(xian)),北京市軌道(dao)交(jiao)通平均每公(gong)里造價(jia)約(yue)5.5億(yi)元,由(you)此計算(suan)得出2010-2015年(nian)共需投資約(yue)1840億(yi)元。

按照北京(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)目前(qian)平均每公里配(pei)備(bei)(bei)8輛車的標準,2010-2015年(nian)(nian),需(xu)增加軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通車輛約(yue)2670輛。同(tong)時,參照全(quan)國(guo)城市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通相關產業(ye)需(xu)求(qiu)預測的計算方法,2010-2015年(nian)(nian),北京(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通車輛和機(ji)電(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)約(yue)需(xu)600億(yi)元,其中,軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通車輛需(xu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)約(yue)160億(yi)元,機(ji)電(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)需(xu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)約(yue)440億(yi)元;通信(xin)信(xin)號系(xi)統(tong)需(xu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)約(yue)90億(yi)元;供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)裝備(bei)(bei)需(xu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)約(yue)120億(yi)元;城市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通咨(zi)詢服務業(ye)所需(xu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)約(yue)150億(yi)元。

另外(wai),北(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)2050年遠景規劃建(jian)設28條線路、1147公里,即在2015年后(hou)35年里還需(xu)建(jian)設586公里。而與此同(tong)時,2015年前建(jian)成的(de)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)車輛和(he)機(ji)電設備(bei)也將陸續(xu)進入更新改造期,由此可(ke)見,北(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)相關(guan)產業的(de)市(shi)(shi)場需(xu)求是很大的(de)。

北(bei)京壯(zhuang)大軌道交通產業的政策選擇

軌道交(jiao)通相(xiang)關(guan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發展對提(ti)升(sheng)北京(jing)市制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)和服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)平(ping),優(you)化產業(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構,培育新的(de)經濟增長點都有(you)重要(yao)作用(yong)。而作為人(ren)才(cai)、科技最(zui)有(you)集中的(de)區域(yu),又(you)有(you)廣闊的(de)實驗與應用(yong)空間,若能(neng)在市場需求(qiu)的(de)基(ji)礎上,充分(fen)發揮政府政策導向功能(neng),制(zhi)定(ding)出相(xiang)關(guan)鼓(gu)勵扶(fu)持措施,北京(jing)定(ding)會搶(qiang)占到城市軌道交(jiao)通相(xiang)關(guan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展的(de)制(zhi)高點。

筆者認(ren)為,首先北(bei)(bei)京市(shi)(shi)應當明確城市(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)相關產(chan)業在(zai)北(bei)(bei)京市(shi)(shi)產(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)的定(ding)位(wei)(wei)。應針(zhen)對城市(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)不同的產(chan)業進行競爭態勢分析,確定(ding)不同產(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)的方向和目標市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang),如定(ding)位(wei)(wei)在(zai)北(bei)(bei)京市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)、還是北(bei)(bei)京市(shi)(shi)和國內其他(ta)城市(shi)(shi)、或者定(ding)位(wei)(wei)在(zai)國內國際市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)等。

其次(ci),要把發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)城(cheng)市軌(gui)道(dao)交通相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)產(chan)業(ye)作(zuo)為一項長期的戰略工作(zuo),研(yan)究制定出《北京市軌(gui)道(dao)交通相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua)》,明確城(cheng)市軌(gui)道(dao)交通相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的總(zong)體思(si)路(lu)、各(ge)產(chan)業(ye)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目(mu)標(biao)、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)重點(dian)和實施(shi)步驟,并制定保(bao)障(zhang)措施(shi)。

篇7

關鍵(jian)詞:軌道交(jiao)通三維模型自動(dong)建模

Abstract:In this paper, according to the characteristics of object track traffic engineering structure, equipment, diseases, and discusses the importance of automatic 3D modeling in 3D model generation of rail traffic engineering, research and analysis of the related information model, presents the process and method of 3D automatic modeling. According to the actual situation of Shanghai rail transit line 13 stages of design and construction of tunnel structure, created a project of Metro Line 13 structural engineering. At present, the 3D automatic modeling function has been used in Shanghai Metro Line 13, and achieved good results.

Keywords: urban rail transit; 3D model; automatic modeling;

中圖(tu)分類號:U213.2文獻標識碼:A文章編號:

引言

三維(wei)模(mo)型經常用三維(wei)建模(mo)工具這種專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)軟件(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),但是(shi)也可以(yi)用其它方法生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。作為點和其它信息集合(he)的(de)(de)(de)數據,三維(wei)模(mo)型可以(yi)手工生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),也可以(yi)按照一定的(de)(de)(de)算法生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

軌(gui)道(dao)交通工(gong)(gong)程中,結構(gou)、設備、病(bing)害等(deng)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)雖然無異于普通三(san)維(wei)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)的(de)建立(li),但軌(gui)道(dao)交通工(gong)(gong)程模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)信(xin)息量大(da),每個模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)構(gou)件都需要(yao)(yao)精確定位,一般手工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)成模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)的(de)方式工(gong)(gong)作量巨(ju)大(da),且很難滿足這種要(yao)(yao)求模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)精度要(yao)(yao)求。因此提取并利(li)用軌(gui)道(dao)交通工(gong)(gong)程中的(de)相關數據,進行模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)的(de)程序自動化建模(mo)(mo)是十分(fen)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)。

建模軟件介紹

Multigen Creator是一個高度(du)專業化(hua)的(de)工(gong)具,幫助建(jian)模(mo)(mo)者(zhe)創(chuang)建(jian)高效的(de)三(san)維模(mo)(mo)型和地形用(yong)于交互式(shi)實時應(ying)用(yong)。交互式(shi)應(ying)用(yong)據(ju)其(qi)性質有多種,范圍從用(yong)于軍事的(de)個人飛(fei)行和駕駛訓練模(mo)(mo)擬到建(jian)筑項目(mu)的(de)視景演示,其(qi)模(mo)(mo)型格式(shi)OpenFlight可直接(jie)用(yong)于三(san)維引擎VegaPrime的(de)瀏覽(lan)和使用(yong)。

OpenFlightAPI是一個包含頭文件和鏈接庫的C語言庫,它提分了(le)訪問OpenFlight數據庫和Creator模(mo)型系統的接口方法。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)其API可以進行OpenFlight模(mo)型的轉換、實(shi)時的模(mo)擬仿真(zhen)、自動建模(mo)以及通(tong)(tong)過(guo)插件的形式(shi)對Creator進行功能擴展。

建模原理

基(ji)于OpenFlightAPI的(de)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)程(cheng)序(xu)自動化建模(mo)(mo)(mo),是指軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)工程(cheng)中結(jie)構構件(jian)、病害信(xin)息等實體(ti)對象,已具有零(ling)件(jian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)或斷面模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)的(de)部(bu)分,根據(ju)數據(ju)庫內的(de)定位信(xin)息,利用OpenFlightAPI按照一定的(de)組(zu)織關(guan)系進行拼裝(zhuang),生(sheng)成符合三維平臺要求的(de)Flt格式(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)文件(jian)。基(ji)本流程(cheng)如下(xia)圖:

根據(ju)(ju)實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軌道交通工程(cheng)實例對(dui)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)結,管片、病害(hai)等(deng)大(da)部分(fen)(fen)模(mo)型(xing)可先按照設(she)計施工信息(xi)(xi)(xi),在(zai)隧道斷面上的(de)(de)(de)(de)定位,再依靠標識(shi)ID、線路信息(xi)(xi)(xi)、里程(cheng)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)、自轉信息(xi)(xi)(xi)這4個主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)來進行斷面的(de)(de)(de)(de)定位,對(dui)一些特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)型(xing)對(dui)象(xiang),則補(bu)充相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)也可以滿足一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)系,以實現相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能,如時(shi)間信息(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)類(lei)型(xing)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)。因此,可將大(da)部分(fen)(fen)模(mo)型(xing)作為(wei)同(tong)一類(lei)型(xing)處(chu)理,通過(guo)配置文件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)(zhi),來讀取數據(ju)(ju)庫中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)補(bu)充信息(xi)(xi)(xi)。

從建(jian)模(mo)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)上,模(mo)型建(jian)模(mo)又(you)可分為(wei)零件拼(pin)裝(zhuang)和斷面(mian)拉(la)伸兩(liang)種方(fang)式(shi)(shi),如(ru)預制(zhi)管片的建(jian)模(mo)為(wei)零件拼(pin)裝(zhuang)方(fang)式(shi)(shi),而(er)牛腿等同(tong)步施工構件則是通(tong)過斷面(mian)拉(la)伸來實(shi)現。

從組(zu)(zu)織關(guan)(guan)系上,建(jian)模又(you)可分為時(shi)間組(zu)(zu)織關(guan)(guan)系和無時(shi)間組(zu)(zu)織關(guan)(guan)系,如管(guan)片的設計(ji)模型(xing)和施工模型(xing),按時(shi)間組(zu)(zu)織關(guan)(guan)系的模型(xing)可時(shi)間施工進度回放(fang)等功能。

而(er)對一(yi)類模型(xing)(xing)中,可根(gen)據一(yi)定(ding)的規則,區(qu)分其內(nei)部(bu)的分類,如病害信(xin)息(xi)中滲漏水,可以根(gen)據面積、長度、寬度等信(xin)息(xi)制定(ding)一(yi)定(ding)的規則,調用不同大(da)小的零(ling)件模型(xing)(xing),從而(er)表現出其類型(xing)(xing)的區(qu)別。

綜上所(suo)述,可(ke)通過一(yi)個配置文(wen)件,對一(yi)類模(mo)(mo)型,包含ID、線路信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息、里程(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息、自(zi)轉信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息、建(jian)模(mo)(mo)方(fang)式、時間(jian)(jian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息以及類型規則(ze)(ze)(ze),就(jiu)可(ke)以概括大部分的(de)模(mo)(mo)型內容(rong)。其中,ID、線路信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息、里程(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息、自(zi)轉信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息和建(jian)模(mo)(mo)方(fang)式為(wei)必須信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息,時間(jian)(jian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息和類型規則(ze)(ze)(ze)為(wei)補充(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息,如留空,則(ze)(ze)(ze)按默認規則(ze)(ze)(ze)處理建(jian)模(mo)(mo),如下圖(tu):

建模流程

建模流程如下圖:

讀取配置(zhi)文(wen)(wen)件(jian):每一(yi)類需(xu)要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)模的(de)(de)對(dui)象建(jian)(jian)(jian)模時,所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)模信息(xi)在數(shu)(shu)據庫中對(dui)應的(de)(de)字段名(ming),都被記錄在配置(zhi)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)中,自動建(jian)(jian)(jian)模程序會根據配置(zhi)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)中的(de)(de)內(nei)容,讀取相應的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據。配置(zhi)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)內(nei)還記錄零件(jian)類型判(pan)斷信息(xi),用于建(jian)(jian)(jian)模時判(pan)斷需(xu)要(yao)調用哪一(yi)零件(jian)模型;

讀(du)取(qu)(qu)(qu)線路數據(ju):讀(du)取(qu)(qu)(qu)數據(ju)庫中的“線路設(she)計表”、“平面軸(zhou)線表”和“縱(zong)面軸(zhou)線表”,獲取(qu)(qu)(qu)線路數據(ju),以提(ti)供(gong)給軸(zhou)線算(suan)法使(shi)用,同(tong)時讀(du)取(qu)(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)線信息,用于(yu)組織模型分段、分類使(shi)用;

讀(du)(du)取(qu)更新(xin)數據:讀(du)(du)取(qu)數據庫內的“數據更新(xin)表”,取(qu)出數據并清空該次讀(du)(du)取(qu)的數據記錄(lu)

對取出(chu)的數據先根(gen)據配置文件內模型(xing)對應數據表名分類(lei),再對每一類(lei)模型(xing)的數據,按照更新類(lei)型(xing)和線路分類(lei);

對每(mei)一類(lei)(lei)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)將更(geng)新(xin)數據按照更(geng)新(xin)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和(he)線路分(fen)類(lei)(lei)后(hou),按照里程和(he)分(fen)段長度判(pan)斷(duan)需要修改(gai)哪段flt模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)件(jian),對該(gai)(gai)段模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)進行(xing)相(xiang)應的(de)操作,如是需要添(tian)加模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing),則(ze)根據配置(zhi)文(wen)件(jian)內的(de)判(pan)斷(duan)規則(ze),調用相(xiang)應的(de)零件(jian)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing),添(tian)加定位(wei)到(dao)(dao)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)件(jian)中(zhong)。如果(guo)該(gai)(gai)類(lei)(lei)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)包(bao)含時(shi)間信息(xi),則(ze)按時(shi)間關系組織模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)件(jian),并記錄該(gai)(gai)段模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)的(de)起始時(shi)間信息(xi)到(dao)(dao)相(xiang)應的(de)xml文(wen)件(jian)中(zhong);

根據更新數據涉(she)及的(de)模型,對每一類(lei)模型重復第5步操作,并(bing)記錄所有修改了的(de)模型文(wen)件的(de)文(wen)件名;

根(gen)據第6步操作中記錄的文(wen)件名(ming),遍歷模(mo)型(xing)文(wen)件,記錄模(mo)型(xing)的尺(chi)寸信息,以(yi)供(gong)VP程序大地形管理(li)用。

三(san)維自動建模(mo)在上海軌道交通13號線中(zhong)的應(ying)用

上海(hai)軌道交通(tong)13號線(xian)(xian)(xian)一期工程為(wei)縱貫中心城區“西北——東(dong)南”軸向的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)主干線(xian)(xian)(xian),線(xian)(xian)(xian)路全長約(yue)為(wei)16.5公(gong)里(li),線(xian)(xian)(xian)路途經上海(hai)市嘉定、普陀(tuo)、閘北、靜安(an)4個行(xing)政管轄區。其中,一期西段共設8座車站,全部為(wei)地下站,區間隧道施工采(cai)用盾構法,盾構直徑6.34m。

利用13號線一期工(gong)程的工(gong)程數據(ju),通過自(zi)動建模程序,建立(li)了隧道區間模型,其效果(guo)如下:

結論

通過對軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通13號線一(yi)期工(gong)程(cheng)設計施(shi)工(gong)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)分析研(yan)究,提取出結(jie)構(gou)(gou)、病害等各類(lei)信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)單體及定(ding)位信(xin)息,對齊進(jin)(jin)行分類(lei)歸納,利用OpenFlightAPI進(jin)(jin)行三維模(mo)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)序話自動建(jian)模(mo),生成了(le)高(gao)精確的(de)(de)(de)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通結(jie)構(gou)(gou)模(mo)型(xing),準確的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現(xian)了(le)隧道(dao)設計施(shi)工(gong)參數(shu),同(tong)時對每個結(jie)構(gou)(gou)單體模(mo)型(xing)標記了(le)ID,為(wei)后續工(gong)程(cheng)信(xin)息掛接(jie)、數(shu)據(ju)表(biao)現(xian)分析、場景管理等功能預留了(le)接(jie)口(kou),為(wei)后續三維平(ping)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)功能開發提供(gong)了(le)基礎。

參考文獻

張茂(mao)軍. 虛擬(ni)現實系統. 北(bei)京:科(ke)學出版社,2001

篇8

關鍵詞市域軌道(dao)交通線快速功(gong)能(neng) 規劃研究

Abstract: Fast lane of development and traffic demand for the domestic market domain, take Guangzhou on the 14th line for example, the concept of a regional express rail transit system was point out, combined with lines and passenger, by determining the functional orientation, improving linear design standards, and control sites to set the number of speed car operations combination, to achieve rapid functional design for the city rail transit line in the planning and design provide a reference.Key words: city rail transit; fast function; planning studies

中圖(tu)分類號:U213.2 文(wen)獻標識碼: A 文(wen)章(zhang)編號:

0、引言

我國(guo)城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)已(yi)走向(xiang)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)發(fa)(fa)展時期,城(cheng)市(shi)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展更(geng)加多樣性、多元化、多層(ceng)次(ci)和網絡化。特別是隨著城(cheng)市(shi)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點逐漸轉(zhuan)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些發(fa)(fa)展新(xin)(xin)城(cheng)時,新(xin)(xin)城(cheng)與中心城(cheng)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系變得(de)更(geng)加密切,居民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)行(xing)(xing)空間進一(yi)步擴大,軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)構(gou)成(cheng)中,長(chang)距離(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)行(xing)(xing)呈(cheng)現增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢,需(xu)要提供更(geng)快(kuai)(kuai)捷、直達性更(geng)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務,快(kuai)(kuai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)系統(tong)正是應(ying)對(dui)(dui)這種需(xu)求(qiu)而(er)產生,因此,市(shi)域(yu)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展越來越受(shou)到(dao)各(ge)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)。在(zai)國(guo)外,紐約、巴黎、東(dong)京等(deng)國(guo)際化大都市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)建設(she)(she)已(yi)經具有一(yi)定(ding)實踐和經驗,特別是開行(xing)(xing)快(kuai)(kuai)慢線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組合運(yun)營模式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)功(gong)經驗。在(zai)國(guo)內,由于快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)系統(tong)還處(chu)于建設(she)(she)階段(duan),還沒有完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)系統(tong),如北京的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),上海的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)11號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),東(dong)莞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)域(yu)快(kuai)(kuai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),廣(guang)(guang)州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)14號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、21號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)。面對(dui)(dui)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)域(yu)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu),應(ying)對(dui)(dui)城(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu),必(bi)須(xu)加快(kuai)(kuai)對(dui)(dui)快(kuai)(kuai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)系統(tong)規劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究,以提前預留(liu)好相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)條件,更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿足未來居民多樣化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)行(xing)(xing)需(xu)求(qiu)。本文就(jiu)廣(guang)(guang)州軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)14號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)工程(cheng)為例,分析了工作中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)經驗和一(yi)些體會,探討市(shi)域(yu)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)規劃設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)理念(nian),以求(qiu)拋磚(zhuan)引(yin)(yin)玉,引(yin)(yin)起同(tong)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)。

1、概述

根據《城(cheng)市公(gong)共交通(tong)分(fen)類標準(zhun)》定義,市域快速軌道系統是一種大運(yun)量的軌道運(yun)輸(shu)系

統(tong),客運(yun)(yun)(yun)量(liang)可達20~45萬人次(ci)/日(ri)(一般(ban)不采用高峰小時(shi)客運(yun)(yun)(yun)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)概念(nian))。市域(yu)快速軌道系統(tong)適用于城市區(qu)域(yu)重大經濟區(qu)之間中長(chang)距離的(de)(de)(de)客運(yun)(yun)(yun)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)。其功能(neng)是(shi)滿(man)足城鎮發展和人口分(fen)布(bu)相對均(jun)衡的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)團(tuan)式城市空間結(jie)構或者(zhe)都(dou)(dou)市圈組(zu)團(tuan)或衛星城與(yu)城市核心(xin)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)出行需求。城市區(qu)地域(yu)面積(ji)廣,相對于中心(xin)區(qu)用地開發強度(du)和人口密度(du)都(dou)(dou)要(yao)低,居民的(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)出行距離比較長(chang)。作為連(lian)接中心(xin)區(qu)與(yu)新城的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)方式,如何(he)實現市域(yu)軌道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)線路的(de)(de)(de)快速功能(neng),是(shi)提高軌道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)服務質量(liang),加強新城與(yu)中心(xin)區(qu)空間聯系的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)手(shou)段。

目前,國內已建和在建的市(shi)(shi)域軌(gui)(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)看,大多均(jun)未實現(xian)市(shi)(shi)域快(kuai)速功(gong)能。為此,運用新理念、新技術,積極探(tan)索市(shi)(shi)域快(kuai)速軌(gui)(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)快(kuai)速功(gong)能的實現(xian)方法(fa)具(ju)有(you)重要的指導意義。本文以(yi)國家中咨公司剛(gang)審查通(tong)(tong)過《2015年(nian)建設規劃》中軌(gui)(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)14號線(xian)工程為例(li),探(tan)討如何(he)實現(xian)市(shi)(shi)域軌(gui)(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的快(kuai)速功(gong)能。

2、研究意義

市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)快線(xian)是特大(da)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)路網中的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部分。在我國城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)研究中已經積累了豐富的(de)(de)(de)理論與方(fang)法, 但是對于(yu)距離較長的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)線(xian)路的(de)(de)(de)研究正處于(yu)起步(bu)階段(duan)(duan),仍沒有形成(cheng)系統的(de)(de)(de)理論與方(fang)法。快線(xian)作(zuo)為特大(da)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)建(jian)設中出現的(de)(de)(de)形式,需要(yao)提前研究市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)快線(xian)規(gui)劃(hua)設計(ji)階段(duan)(duan)對于(yu)指導(dao)設計(ji)、建(jian)設及今后的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)營具有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong);特別是在線(xian)網規(gui)劃(hua)階段(duan)(duan)進行考慮,提前預控各種(zhong)條件,實現用(yong)地(di)規(gui)劃(hua)與軌道(dao)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)有機結合,保證軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)。充分發(fa)揮(hui)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)大(da)運(yun)量運(yun)輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)優勢,取得(de)更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效益(yi)和社會效益(yi)等方(fang)面有重(zhong)要(yao)意義。

3、國(guo)內外(wai)快(kuai)線發展分(fen)析

目前國外采用市域快慢線運營的(de)線路大致有紐(niu)約地(di)(di)鐵、東(dong)京(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)鐵京(jing)(jing)成線、京(jing)(jing)王(wang)線、都

營淺草線(xian)(xian)和(he)香(xiang)港地(di)鐵(tie)機場(chang)線(xian)(xian)+東(dong)(dong)涌(yong)線(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)線(xian)(xian)路,國(guo)內在(zai)建或待(dai)建的市(shi)域快(kuai)線(xian)(xian)有上海地(di)鐵(tie)11號(hao)線(xian)(xian)、東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)R2線(xian)(xian)、深(shen)圳11號(hao)線(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)線(xian)(xian)路,其均采用地(di)鐵(tie)模(mo)式。文獻【8】在(zai)對城市(shi)軌道交通快(kuai)線(xian)(xian)發展的研究基礎上提出了快(kuai)線(xian)(xian)發展特征分(fen)析,主要體現(xian)如(ru)表1和(he)表2。

其(qi)特征及適用條件(jian)見(jian)表(biao)1。  

表1            國外城市快(kuai)線(xian)模式比較表

其(qi)快線系(xi)統的主(zhu)要實現方(fang)式見表2。  

表2               快線(xian)系統方式(shi)一覽(lan)表

3、廣州14號線工(gong)程概況及特點分析

3.1工程概況

14號線(xian)全線(xian)(廣州(zhou)火車站~良口)、支線(xian)(新(xin)和~鎮龍),總長約114.2km。是(shi)一條聯系(xi)(xi)北部副(fu)中(zhong)心(xin)與中(zhong)心(xin)城的(de)市域軌(gui)道交(jiao)通快線(xian),為解決(jue)從化地區居(ju)民(min)出行(xing)提供(gong)一條重(zhong)要的(de)交(jiao)通干線(xian);知(zhi)識(shi)城線(xian)是(shi)一條聯系(xi)(xi)知(zhi)識(shi)城與中(zhong)心(xin)區聯系(xi)(xi)的(de)交(jiao)通線(xian),為解決(jue)知(zhi)識(shi)城內部居(ju)民(min)出行(xing)提供(gong)重(zhong)要的(de)交(jiao)通干線(xian)。

14號(hao)線(xian)(xian)工程(cheng)主(zhu)線(xian)(xian)共設車(che)站(zhan)21座(zuo)(zuo),高(gao)架站(zhan)15座(zuo)(zuo),平(ping)均站(zhan)間距(ju)為(wei)4.6km,最大站(zhan)間距(ju)為(wei)7.8km。知識(shi)城線(xian)(xian)共設7座(zuo)(zuo)車(che)站(zhan),均為(wei)高(gao)架,平(ping)均站(zhan)間距(ju)4.3km。該線(xian)(xian)比一般的(de)城市(shi)軌道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)路長(chang),而(er)車(che)站(zhan)數量少,基本為(wei)高(gao)架線(xian)(xian),具有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)市(shi)域特(te)點(dian),這種線(xian)(xian)路特(te)點(dian)非常適合較高(gao)速度的(de)軌道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛的(de)運行。

3.2客(ke)流需求(qiu)特點分析

通過客流(liu)預(yu)測分析(xi),工程客流(liu)主要(yao)有以(yi)下特點:

1)客流強(qiang)度低,平(ping)均乘距長,全日周轉量高。

(1)該工(gong)程初期全日客流量和高斷面客流量分別(bie)為25萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)次/d和1.1萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)/h,遠期將(jiang)達到80.6萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)次/d和2.79萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)/h;

(2)遠期只有27.5%的(de)客(ke)(ke)流(liu)運(yun)距(ju)(ju)小(xiao)于(yu)20km,大(da)部分客(ke)(ke)流(liu)運(yun)距(ju)(ju)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),其中運(yun)距(ju)(ju)超過(guo)全(quan)長1/3(30km)的(de)占47%,超過(guo)50km以上(shang)的(de)占18%,因此約47%的(de)客(ke)(ke)流(liu)存在加(jia)快旅(lv)行(xing)速度(du)的(de)需要,以滿足地區(qu)(qu)交通規劃要求。說明線路(lu)客(ke)(ke)流(liu)強(qiang)度(du)將(jiang)明顯低于(yu)中心線路(lu),平(ping)均(jun)乘距(ju)(ju)遠大(da)于(yu)市(shi)中心線路(lu),長距(ju)(ju)離出(chu)行(xing)的(de)乘客(ke)(ke)較(jiao)(jiao)多,屬(shu)于(yu)中運(yun)量(liang)級(ji)線路(lu),客(ke)(ke)流(liu)規模相(xiang)對市(shi)區(qu)(qu)線路(lu)而言較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao),屬(shu)于(yu)市(shi)郊線路(lu)。

2)線(xian)路在各設計年(nian)份客(ke)流強度較低,日平(ping)均(jun)運(yun)距與(yu)高峰小時(shi)平(ping)均(jun)運(yun)距較大,均(jun)大于25公里,且隨(sui)著二期工(gong)程與(yu)車站的(de)全部(bu)開放,運(yun)距繼(ji)續(xu)增大,說明(ming)線(xian)路主要承擔(dan)城市副中(zhong)心及其以(yi)遠(yuan)的(de)郊(jiao)區與(yu)中(zhong)心區的(de)客(ke)流輸送任務。

3)客流以(yi)組(zu)(zu)團間(jian)交換為主(zhu),直達比例高。該工程覆蓋越秀區(qu),白云區(qu),從化市,蘿崗區(qu)的知(zhi)識城地區(qu),沿線(xian)(xian)站點可分別組(zu)(zu)成不(bu)同(tong)組(zu)(zu)團,進而分析包括支線(xian)(xian)在內的全線(xian)(xian)客流交互(hu)情況。市區(qu)組(zu)(zu)團:廣州火車站-黎家塘(tang);從化組(zu)(zu)團:太平-良口;支線(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)團:知(zhi)識城北(bei)-鎮龍;新和組(zu)(zu)團:新和。

(1)全線客流分(fen)布情況(kuang)分(fen)析

從(cong)不同(tong)特(te)征年的區(qu)域客(ke)流(liu)交互分布情況(kuang)分析,市(shi)區(qu)組(zu)團內部(bu)的客(ke)流(liu)交互比例始終(zhong)最(zui)大,說(shuo)明14號線工程(cheng)覆蓋了市(shi)區(qu)至從(cong)化副中心間的客(ke)流(liu)走廊。

(2)從化中心城(cheng)區對外OD分析

從化中(zhong)心城(cheng)區對(dui)廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)市中(zhong)心客流流向明顯,OD比例高(gao),可形成對(dui)該地區有針對(dui)性的(de)列車運營模式,以滿(man)足(zu)龐大的(de)客運需求與加強廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)市中(zhong)心與從化中(zhong)心城(cheng)區的(de)聯系。

圖(tu)1 全線客流分布情況(kuang)圖(tu)圖(tu) 2從化中(zhong)心城區對外(wai)OD分析(xi)圖(tu)

從14號線客流(liu)出行和(he)空間分布特(te)點,有條件實施軌道交通的快(kuai)速(su)功能。因(yin)此(ci),采用(yong)快(kuai)慢線組合運營(ying)模式(shi)以符合該工程組團客流(liu)的特(te)點。

4、14號線工(gong)程功能設計

針對該工程(cheng)所具有的(de)鮮明的(de)線路(lu)特點和客流(liu)特點,本文從線路(lu)設(she)計標準、站點設(she)置、運營管理(li)(li)、引入TOD發展規劃(hua)理(li)(li)念幾個(ge)方面研究了如何(he)實現市域軌道交通的(de)快速功能。

4.1明確市(shi)域快速功(gong)能定位(wei),提高線路(lu)設計標準

在規劃初期(qi)就明(ming)確線路的(de)(de)功能定位。從(cong)(cong)(cong)化(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)作為廣州(zhou)的(de)(de)副(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)心需要快(kuai)速交通(tong)與(yu)廣州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)聯系(xi),從(cong)(cong)(cong)化(hua)本身的(de)(de)發(fa)展也需要大(da)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)公共交通(tong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)支持,根據本線的(de)(de)客流特點分析,14號(hao)線是(shi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)化(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)快(kuai)速聯系(xi)通(tong)道,以解決從(cong)(cong)(cong)化(hua)到廣州(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)心組團的(de)(de)交通(tong)需求為重(zhong)點,兼顧白云區(qu)(qu)、從(cong)(cong)(cong)化(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)沿線組團開發(fa)建設,是(shi)實現將從(cong)(cong)(cong)化(hua)街口副(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)心納入“珠(zhu)江新城(cheng)地區(qu)(qu)1小(xiao)時出行圈”規劃目標的(de)(de)重(zhong)要舉措(cuo)。

14號線(xian)是作為(wei)一條(tiao)連接中心與(yu)北部副中心的(de)(de)市域(yu)快線(xian),在(zai)設(she)計中更需要合適(shi)的(de)(de)技(ji)術標準,更好地適(shi)應該工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)建設(she)和(he)運(yun)營(ying),充分發(fa)揮本(ben)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)效益。從全程(cheng)(cheng)旅行時間的(de)(de)節(jie)省、造價(jia)、能(neng)耗、噪(zao)聲、國產化及(ji)生產周期等多方面綜合考慮(lv),確(que)定14號線(xian)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)最高運(yun)營(ying)車速為(wei)120km/h。其速度受(shou)線(xian)路線(xian)形的(de)(de)制約,為(wei)適(shi)應最高速度車輛的(de)(de)運(yun)行,軌道、曲線(xian)半徑、限界、通(tong)風等均(jun)采用比較搞的(de)(de)技(ji)術標準。

4.2合理控制站點數量,增(zeng)大平均站間距(ju)

14號(hao)線(xian)中心城內站點(dian)較密,平均站間距在2.0km左右,同時受線(xian)路曲(qu)線(xian)條件限(xian)制,

難(nan)以實現軌(gui)道交(jiao)通的(de)快(kuai)速(su)功(gong)能。在中心城區(qu)外,平均站(zhan)間距約(yue)4.5km,最長達(da)7.0km。為(wei)了(le)實現14號線的(de)快(kuai)速(su)功(gong)能,充(chong)分考慮該工程以組團交(jiao)換為(wei)主、直(zhi)達(da)客(ke)流比例大的(de)客(ke)流分布特點(dian),對(dui)站(zhan)位設置主要(yao)考慮如(ru)下(xia):(1)控制(zhi)站(zhan)點(dian)設置的(de)數量,增加站(zhan)間距,減少(shao)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通由(you)于進站(zhan)停車引(yin)起(qi)的(de)時間延誤(wu),從而(er)提(ti)高了(le)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通的(de)旅行(xing)速(su)度。(2)14號線主要(yao)解決各組團間與(yu)中心區(qu)的(de)聯系問題(ti),應處理好軌(gui)道交(jiao)通與(yu)各區(qu)鎮內部交(jiao)通的(de)常規公交(jiao)、社會車輛以及(ji)非機動(dong)車的(de)交(jiao)通銜(xian)接(jie)。(3)引(yin)入TOD發(fa)(fa)展規劃理念,增加土地綜合(he)使(shi)用的(de)效率,對(dui)站(zhan)點(dian)周(zhou)邊2km范圍內整(zheng)合(he)開發(fa)(fa),促使(shi)組團間的(de)可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展,實現交(jiao)通引(yin)導(dao)性的(de)客(ke)流。

4.3采用快(kuai)慢組合運(yun)營(ying)模式

對于這種超長(chang)線路,要實現其(qi)快(kuai)速功能,特(te)別(bie)是實現副中心到(dao)中心區(qu)1小時出行圈(quan),

如(ru)果按照普通線路的(de)(de)運營模式(shi),將很難(nan)實現(xian)快速功能。根據各(ge)個區域的(de)(de)客(ke)流(liu)分析,客(ke)流(liu)交換主要(yao)集中在各(ge)個組(zu)(zu)團(tuan),同時(shi)客(ke)流(liu)的(de)(de)特點體現(xian)為直達性和(he)組(zu)(zu)團(tuan)性,制定了快慢車(che)(che)組(zu)(zu)合運營的(de)(de)方案(an),開行大站(zhan)車(che)(che)和(he)普通車(che)(che),縮短組(zu)(zu)團(tuan)客(ke)流(liu)間的(de)(de)旅行時(shi)間,提(ti)高(gao)列(lie)車(che)(che)滿載率。

結(jie)合組團之間(jian)的相互關系,全線采用大小(xiao)交路運營,采用快(kuai)(kuai)慢車組合運營模式,快(kuai)(kuai)慢

車(che)(che)(che)(che)組(zu)合運營中開(kai)行大(da)站(zhan)(zhan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)、普通(tong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(圖(tu)3)。大(da)站(zhan)(zhan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)中間停(ting)靠6座車(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan),普通(tong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)每站(zhan)(zhan)均(jun)停(ting),并在(zai)中途站(zhan)(zhan)實現快車(che)(che)(che)(che)運營的越行功(gong)能。根據(ju)客流預測結果,大(da)站(zhan)(zhan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)和(he)普通(tong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的開(kai)行比列為1:2(圖(tu)4)。

圖(tu)(tu)3全線運行交路示意圖(tu)(tu)圖(tu)(tu)圖(tu)(tu)4 全線開(kai)行列車(che)停站示意

4.4合(he)理確定站(zhan)立密度(du)(du),提高旅客舒適度(du)(du)

車廂內站席面(mian)(mian)(mian)積標(biao)準是影(ying)響列車定(ding)員、乘(cheng)(cheng)客服務水平(ping)和(he)(he)系統規模的重要因素,在進(jin)行系統方案(an)設(she)計(ji)前(qian)應先合理確定(ding)乘(cheng)(cheng)客站立標(biao)準和(he)(he)對應的服務水平(ping)。根據(ju)《城市軌道交(jiao)通工程項(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)標(biao)準》中(zhong)第四章第三十七條規定(ding)“車內面(mian)(mian)(mian)積扣(kou)除坐席區及相(xiang)關設(she)施的面(mian)(mian)(mian)積后(hou),按(an)6人/計(ji)”。

目前隨著(zhu)我國人(ren)民的生活(huo)水平(ping)的大幅度(du)提高,帶(dai)空調的公(gong)共(gong)汽車(che)已很普遍,而(er)最近幾年(nian)低地(di)(di)板橫排座位設(she)置以全座位為主(zhu)的公(gong)交車(che)也越來越多(duo)(duo),因此(ci)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)改善地(di)(di)鐵(tie)乘車(che)舒適(shi)度(du)特別是遠期(qi)舒適(shi)度(du)勢在必行。各國地(di)(di)鐵(tie)通過(guo)提高舒適(shi)度(du)來吸(xi)引更多(duo)(duo)的乘客乘坐地(di)(di)鐵(tie),歐洲地(di)(di)鐵(tie)規定每平(ping)米面(mian)(mian)積(ji)站立4人(ren)/,莫(mo)斯(si)科地(di)(di)鐵(tie)規定為4.5人(ren)/。上(shang)海(hai)根據城市特點,制定車(che)內(nei)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)扣(kou)除坐席區及相(xiang)關設(she)施的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)后按5人(ren)/計(ji)。

因此,按(an)照屬于超長線(xian)路(lu),旅(lv)(lv)行(xing)時(shi)間(jian)較長,其定員乘(cheng)車(che)計算原則強調(diao)以人(ren)為(wei)本(ben),盡(jin)量安排多的(de)座(zuo)(zuo)位(wei)來提高乘(cheng)客舒適度。采用車(che)輛2+2橫(heng)排座(zuo)(zuo)位(wei),站立密度按(an)照5人(ren)/計,滿(man)足本(ben)線(xian)旅(lv)(lv)客的(de)出行(xing)要求。

5、結語

通(tong)過上述的各種方法,14號線普(pu)通(tong)列(lie)車副(fu)(fu)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)到中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)運行(xing)時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)71.5min,旅行(xing)速(su)度達(da)56km/h;大站車列(lie)車副(fu)(fu)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)到中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)運營時(shi)(shi)間是55.8min,旅行(xing)速(su)度達(da)74km/h;遠(yuan)高(gao)于中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)區(qu)軌道交通(tong)線路的旅行(xing)車速(su)(中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)區(qu)一般為(wei)28km/h~33km/h),確保了從化副(fu)(fu)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)至中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)城中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的出行(xing)時(shi)(shi)間控制(zhi)在1h之內(nei)。

市(shi)域軌道交(jiao)通是(shi)特大型城(cheng)市(shi)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)市(shi)域交(jiao)通出(chu)行(xing)的(de)重要方式,如(ru)何(he)實現其快速功能是(shi)發(fa)揮市(shi)域軌道交(jiao)通作用(yong)的(de)重要支撐。本文從功能定位、設(she)計(ji)標(biao)準、站(zhan)點設(she)置(zhi)、運(yun)營(ying)組織等方面(mian),以廣州14號線工程為(wei)例,提(ti)出(chu)了(le)具體的(de)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方案,以期能對其他城(cheng)市(shi)軌道交(jiao)通線路的(de)規劃建設(she)起(qi)到借鑒作用(yong)。

參考文獻

廣(guang)州市軌道交通線網規劃(2011-2040).廣(guang)州市人民(min)政(zheng)府,2010。

廣州市(shi)軌道(dao)交通2015年建設規(gui)劃.廣州地(di)鐵(tie)設計研(yan)究有限公司,2011。

廣州市軌道交(jiao)通14號(hao)線(xian)線(xian)站(zhan)位規劃選線(xian)報告.廣州地(di)鐵設計研究有限公司,2011。

廣州市軌道交(jiao)通14號線(xian)一期工程(嘉禾望(wang)崗―街口)可行性(xing)研(yan)究報告.廣州地鐵(tie)設計研(yan)究有限公司,2011。

關于(yu)市域(yu)軌道(dao)交通(tong)快速功(gong)能設計(ji)的探討―以(yi)上海軌道(dao)交通(tong)11號線南段為例.城市軌道(dao)交通(tong),2009。

快(kuai)速軌(gui)道交通引導型衛星城(cheng)市(shi)的規劃及發展.蘭州交通大學學報,2005.

市(shi)域軌(gui)道(dao)交通快(kuai)慢車組合運營的通行能力(li)研究.城市(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)交通研究,2009.

關于城市(shi)軌道交(jiao)通快線發展的研究(jiu).都市(shi)快軌交(jiao)通,2006.

Research on the Regional Rapid Rail Transit

WANG Chunsen

Guangzhou Metro Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd. Guangzhou 510010

Abstract: Since the development of metropolis and urban agglomeration, the regional rapid rail transit is more and more concerned. The practicability of rapid rail transit lines are raised with an analysis on characteristics of rapid rail transit in the other countries. Based on the needs of domestic regional rapid lines and urban traffic, a concept of regional rapid rail transit is proposed, within the consideration of line characteristics and passenger volume, identifying its functions, upgrading the standard of line type, verifying the number of stations, realizing the operation combination of rapid line and normal line, which realizes the function of rapid transit, and is considered as an example of regional rail transit lines plan and design.

Keywords: Regional rail transit, function of rapid transit, plan and research

篇9

【關鍵詞】視頻監(jian)控系統 軌道交通 應用

隨著我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)人口不斷增(zeng)加,大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外來人員(yuan)涌入(ru)大(da)城市(shi)進行(xing)工作和生活(huo),造(zao)成了大(da)城市(shi)人員(yuan)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象,存在著一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)隱患。因此(ci),在大(da)城市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)流動大(da),人數(shu)密集的(de)(de)(de)(de)公共場所應該采用(yong)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監控設備進行(xing)實時監控,特別是軌道交通。管理人員(yuan)應加大(da)安全(quan)管理力度,對(dui)危險(xian)狀況及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)采取應對(dui)措施(shi),實現對(dui)公共場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制。

1 視頻監(jian)控系統(tong)構成

視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統的(de)架(jia)構方案有四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型,第(di)(di)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)簡(jian)單的(de)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi),將監(jian)視(shi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)與(yu)攝像(xiang)設(she)備(bei)(bei)進(jin)行連(lian)接,達到(dao)簡(jian)單存儲(chu)功能;第(di)(di)二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)在第(di)(di)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)簡(jian)單的(de)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)基礎上(shang)(shang)增加了時(shi)序轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi),可以實現(xian)對(dui)(dui)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)錄像(xiang)進(jin)行時(shi)序切換(huan);第(di)(di)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)可以實現(xian)多項控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),對(dui)(dui)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)視(shi)其(qi)進(jin)行線路(lu)轉(zhuan)換(huan)和時(shi)序切換(huan)的(de)任意控(kong)(kong)制(zhi);第(di)(di)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)數字(zi)化監(jian)控(kong)(kong)設(she)備(bei)(bei),將監(jian)控(kong)(kong)視(shi)頻(pin)及時(shi)上(shang)(shang)傳至網絡視(shi)頻(pin)存儲(chu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)中(zhong),主(zhu)要的(de)數字(zi)視(shi)頻(pin)交換(huan)網絡有兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi),一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)由DVR視(shi)頻(pin)服務器(qi)是(shi)(shi)此案的(de)分布存儲(chu)和聯(lian)網功能,第(di)(di)二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)采用IP攝像(xiang)機、視(shi)頻(pin)解碼(ma)器(qi)集中(zhong)存儲(chu)和聯(lian)網。

軌道交通(tong)的(de)(de)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統中(zhong)通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用三種(zhong)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),分別是模擬(ni)(ni)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、模擬(ni)(ni)采(cai)集(ji)(ji)數(shu)字(zi)傳輸(shu)(shu)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)以及(ji)數(shu)字(zi)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)視(shi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。其中(zhong)模擬(ni)(ni)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)視(shi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是將模擬(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)視(shi)頻(pin)信(xin)(xin)號通(tong)過發送器轉變成光信(xin)(xin)號,傳輸(shu)(shu)到控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)發送器后,再還原(yuan)成模擬(ni)(ni)信(xin)(xin)號,監(jian)視(shi)器上能進(jin)行(xing)(xing)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)圖像(xiang)播放。模擬(ni)(ni)采(cai)集(ji)(ji)數(shu)字(zi)傳輸(shu)(shu)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是將視(shi)頻(pin)信(xin)(xin)號進(jin)行(xing)(xing)傳輸(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)數(shu)字(zi)壓縮編碼,將信(xin)(xin)號輸(shu)(shu)送給中(zhong)心控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)設備(bei),實現(xian)(xian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)終端可(ke)以進(jin)行(xing)(xing)任意站點的(de)(de)取像(xiang)的(de)(de)工作任務。數(shu)字(zi)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是將計算機技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、數(shu)字(zi)壓縮技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)以及(ji)模擬(ni)(ni)采(cai)集(ji)(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)綜合(he),實現(xian)(xian)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)智(zhi)能化、全面化。

2 視頻(pin)監控系統(tong)在軌道交通中的意義(yi)

城(cheng)(cheng)市交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市建設中的(de)(de)最關鍵的(de)(de)建設環節,由(you)于城(cheng)(cheng)市軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)中客流量(liang)大、人(ren)員密(mi)集(ji)性(xing)高(gao),更容易發生(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題。如:過度擁擠造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)踩(cai)踏事件、偷竊事件等(deng),同時軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)場所(suo)通(tong)(tong)常是(shi)進(jin)行恐怖活動的(de)(de)主要(yao)選(xuan)擇(ze)地點。因此,為了避免惡性(xing)事件的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng),造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)大量(liang)人(ren)員傷亡,對(dui)軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)進(jin)行視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)具有重要(yao)意義。國內(nei)國外(wai)的(de)(de)軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題都引(yin)起(qi)了人(ren)們的(de)(de)高(gao)度重視(shi),在(zai)公共場所(suo)安(an)(an)放了視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統,在(zai)各個地方架構(gou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)攝像頭,同時輔(fu)助其他安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)設施,以(yi)求實現對(dui)軌(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)進(jin)行全(quan)(quan)面(mian)掌控(kong)。現階段的(de)(de)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統仍然是(shi)以(yi)人(ren)為主力,需(xu)要(yao)有監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)人(ren)員在(zai)后臺進(jin)行監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)畫面(mian)查看的(de)(de)工作,監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)人(ren)員需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)室對(dui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)畫面(mian)進(jin)行全(quan)(quan)天的(de)(de)觀察。

實(shi)驗(yan)數據表明,人(ren)(ren)在對視(shi)頻(pin)畫面(mian)(mian)進行長達(da)(da)20分鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)間斷監(jian)(jian)視(shi)時(shi),對視(shi)頻(pin)中的(de)(de)95%的(de)(de)內容(rong)都(dou)會下意(yi)識的(de)(de)忽(hu)略。因(yin)此,監(jian)(jian)控(kong)人(ren)(ren)員高達(da)(da)12小時(shi)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)視(shi),降低了監(jian)(jian)視(shi)的(de)(de)效果。同時(shi),由(you)于監(jian)(jian)控(kong)室內的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)畫面(mian)(mian)過多,想在眾多的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)視(shi)畫面(mian)(mian)中及時(shi)找到某一正在發生的(de)(de)安全問(wen)題的(de)(de)地點監(jian)(jian)控(kong)視(shi)頻(pin)是十分不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易的(de)(de)。

3 視(shi)頻監控系統在軌道交通中的應用

隨著人們(men)對軌道交(jiao)通(tong)安全的重視度(du)不斷提高,相繼(ji)在地鐵(tie)、輕軌等交(jiao)通(tong)干線(xian)上都安裝了視頻監控系統(tong),實現(xian)對交(jiao)通(tong)場(chang)所安全問(wen)題的基(ji)本防范作用,其主要的應(ying)用方向在于:

3.1 移動危險偵測

在軌道交通(tong)的(de)復(fu)雜環境中對(dui)(dui)某個單(dan)一目(mu)標或多個目(mu)標實(shi)現(xian)運動(dong)(dong)情況、方(fang)向等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面(mian)實(shi)現(xian)一定(ding)的(de)檢(jian)測目(mu)的(de),通(tong)常(chang)采用(yong)的(de)檢(jian)測方(fang)法(fa)有四種(zhong)(zhong),第一種(zhong)(zhong)檢(jian)測方(fang)法(fa):報(bao)警(jing)是非(fei)工(gong)作人(ren)員進入工(gong)作區(qu)間或乘(cheng)客(ke)禁(jin)止入內的(de)區(qu)域(yu)實(shi)現(xian)監控(kong)(kong)報(bao)警(jing);第二種(zhong)(zhong)檢(jian)測方(fang)法(fa)是拌線報(bao)警(jing),通(tong)過對(dui)(dui)地面(mian)的(de)線路、高壓線等(deng)(deng)區(qu)域(yu)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)監控(kong)(kong),發(fa)(fa)現(xian)越界有進行(xing)(xing)(xing)危險活動(dong)(dong)趨向的(de)采取監控(kong)(kong)報(bao)警(jing),此種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)以有效的(de)防治乘(cheng)客(ke)跌入軌道,造成人(ren)身危險的(de)情況發(fa)(fa)生;第三種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)是對(dui)(dui)犯罪嫌疑(yi)人(ren)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)尾隨行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)時采用(yong)的(de)提示監控(kong)(kong)人(ren)員及(ji)時進行(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)位監控(kong)(kong)的(de)方(fang)法(fa);第四種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)是對(dui)(dui)乘(cheng)客(ke)的(de)運動(dong)(dong)方(fang)向進行(xing)(xing)(xing)大方(fang)向的(de)監控(kong)(kong),如有與正(zheng)常(chang)乘(cheng)客(ke)運動(dong)(dong)方(fang)向不符(fu)的(de)反(fan)常(chang)現(xian)象(xiang)及(ji)時提示工(gong)作人(ren)員,加強防范(fan)意識(shi)。

3.2 滯留品檢測

滯留(liu)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測是對車(che)站(zhan)中(zhong)物(wu)(wu)品(pin)在敏(min)感(gan)區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滯留(liu)時(shi)間過長,進(jin)行(xing)警(jing)報預警(jing)。在進(jin)行(xing)恐(kong)怖(bu)作案時(shi)都會將危(wei)險物(wu)(wu)品(pin)(如:定時(shi)炸彈等)容易引起大面積爆炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)品(pin),滯留(liu)在特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方,進(jin)行(xing)恐(kong)怖(bu)襲擊活(huo)動,及時(shi)發現危(wei)險物(wu)(wu)品(pin),進(jin)行(xing)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理,減(jian)少人(ren)員傷(shang)亡(wang)和經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。但是,這(zhe)種(zhong)方法容易引起誤差(cha),對普(pu)通(tong)乘客正常放置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)品(pin)進(jin)行(xing)精(jing)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排除,實現滯留(liu)品(pin)檢測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)確(que)性,實現對軌道交通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)保護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

3.3 追蹤識別

視(shi)頻監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統可以實(shi)現對(dui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)人(ren)員(yuan)進行人(ren)臉識(shi)別,在(zai)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)中通(tong)(tong)常運用的(de)是“非合作型”的(de)識(shi)別方法,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對(dui)乘客(ke)的(de)衣(yi)著(zhu)、配飾(shi)等方面進行比對(dui),達到在(zai)人(ren)群(qun)中能夠識(shi)別出(chu)目(mu)標(biao)人(ren)物(wu)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。同(tong)時(shi),在(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測到目(mu)標(biao)人(ren)物(wu)后,控(kong)制設備發(fa)出(chu)相應的(de)控(kong)制指令,使目(mu)標(biao)人(ren)物(wu)所在(zai)區(qu)域的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)攝像頭進行定位追蹤(zong),實(shi)現對(dui)目(mu)標(biao)人(ren)物(wu)的(de)嚴密監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)。

3.4 乘客行為分析(xi)

該(gai)種監(jian)(jian)控應用主要可以(yi)實現(xian)兩個監(jian)(jian)控目的(de)。第(di)一方面(mian),可以(yi)對(dui)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)乘客的(de)特殊行(xing)(xing)為(wei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)控,如:乘客突然倒地、搶劫(jie)等突發狀況,采用這種監(jian)(jian)測方法可以(yi)對(dui)突發病人(ren)及時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)救治、送醫(yi),對(dui)偷盜、搶劫(jie)等犯(fan)罪事件進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)打(da)擊(ji)控制,保障人(ren)們的(de)生命財產(chan)安全。第(di)二方面(mian),對(dui)于(yu)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)中的(de)廣告吸(xi)引乘客的(de)時間、人(ren)工售票機操(cao)作時間等進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)記錄、統計,作為(wei)以(yi)后(hou)工作改(gai)進(jin)(jin)的(de)參考之一,實現(xian)全方位(wei)為(wei)乘客服務(wu)的(de)宗旨。

4 結論

由(you)于軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通(tong)的(de)特殊性,人(ren)(ren)們更(geng)應(ying)該(gai)提高(gao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)重視(shi)度(du),提升自身的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防范意識,遇到危(wei)險情況(kuang)及(ji)時(shi)與相關人(ren)(ren)員進(jin)(jin)行反映。同時(shi),相關部門應(ying)加大安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理力度(du),對安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)設施進(jin)(jin)行定時(shi)的(de)檢查(cha)、維(wei)修、更(geng)換,保證安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)設備(bei)能發揮(hui)作用,實現人(ren)(ren)們安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)保障工(gong)作。科(ke)技的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)發展(zhan)進(jin)(jin)步也為軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防范提供了一定的(de)技術支持,視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)控系統(tong)是(shi)進(jin)(jin)行軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通(tong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防范的(de)重要工(gong)具,采用標(biao)準(zhun)化、智能化的(de)系統(tong)設備(bei),以滿足(zu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)系統(tong)的(de)高(gao)標(biao)準(zhun)要求,保障社會的(de)穩定和(he)諧。

參考文獻

[1]張有利.城市(shi)軌道(dao)交通中的(de)數(shu)字視頻監控系(xi)統應用(yong)分(fen)析[J].中國新通信,2013,12(03):67-68.

[2]黃興斌.探(tan)討數(shu)字(zi)高清視頻監控(kong)系統在軌道交(jiao)通(tong)中的應(ying)用[J].數(shu)字(zi)技術與應(ying)用,2013,05(03):102-104.

[3]王靖,龐立.數模(mo)結合(he)視頻監控系(xi)統(tong)在軌(gui)道交通中的應(ying)用[J].上海(hai)電氣技術(shu),2010,02(06):110-116.

篇10

關鍵(jian)詞:軌道(dao)交通(tong);成都(dou);衛星城;GIS

中圖(tu)分(fen)類號(hao): U491.1文獻(xian)標志碼: A 文章編(bian)號(hao):16720539(2017)03006905

衛星城(cheng)作為城(cheng)市(shi)多中心(xin)空間(jian)(jian)結構(gou)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)重要(yao)支撐部分,能(neng)夠有(you)效疏解(jie)城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)非核心(xin)功(gong)能(neng),強化(hua)職住均(jun)衡和(he)多功(gong)能(neng)融合。軌(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)因其運量大、速度(du)快、安全準時等特(te)點能(neng)有(you)效提升(sheng)區(qu)域通(tong)(tong)達性,加之軌(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)對城(cheng)市(shi)經濟(ji)發展的(de)(de)促(cu)進作用(yong),大力發展軌(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)已成(cheng)為區(qu)域交通(tong)(tong)聯系(xi)的(de)(de)首選。在(zai)(zai)經濟(ji)全球化(hua)、城(cheng)市(shi)區(qu)域化(hua)背(bei)景下,通(tong)(tong)過在(zai)(zai)空間(jian)(jian)上建立起軌(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)與衛星城(cheng)的(de)(de)聯系(xi),成(cheng)為我(wo)國北京(jing)、上海、天津等大城(cheng)市(shi)疏解(jie)中心(xin)城(cheng)區(qu)擁擠壓(ya)力,向大都市(shi)區(qu)空間(jian)(jian)結構(gou)轉型的(de)(de)重要(yao)戰略(lve)。

關(guan)于(yu)軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通對城市發(fa)展(zhan)的影響分(fen)析,國外研(yan)究始(shi)于(yu)20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代初期,主要(yao)集(ji)中在(zai)引(yin)導城市空間結(jie)構(gou)、優(you)化站點土地利用和(he)影響房地產價值等方(fang)面。國內研(yan)究始(shi)于(yu)20世(shi)紀80年(nian)代末90年(nian)代初,主要(yao)從宏觀視角探討了軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通對城市形態、城市空間、土地利用、人口(kou)分(fen)布等方(fang)面的影響,關(guan)于(yu)軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通與衛星城相互作用的研(yan)究還(huan)較少,且較少涉及如何在(zai)大力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通的時代背景(jing)下,通過提(ti)前預(yu)測(ce)軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通建設對城市發(fa)展(zhan)的各項因素(su),科(ke)學謀劃(hua)和(he)人為引(yin)導相關(guan)因素(su)的發(fa)展(zhan),進而促進城市轉型升級。

成(cheng)都(dou)作為(wei)西部(bu)特大(da)中心城市,正在不斷(duan)加強軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通與衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)城的(de)(de)聯系(xi)(xi),通過全面系(xi)(xi)統地(di)分析軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通新格局下,軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通建設對(dui)衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)城城市經(jing)濟可(ke)能(neng)發生的(de)(de)影(ying)響,從而對(dui)衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)城與軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通建設的(de)(de)協(xie)調發展(zhan)提出對(dui)策建議,對(dui)于(yu)成(cheng)都(dou)市向大(da)都(dou)市區轉型具有重要的(de)(de)借鑒作用。

一、成都市軌道交通新格(ge)局概況(kuang)

目前,成都(dou)市國家及區(qu)域(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)主要(yao)以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)為(wei)核心進(jin)行組織(zhi),市域(yu)高快速路網及軌道(dao)(dao)線(xian)網規劃(hua)建設仍以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)優(you)先,衛星(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)缺乏與中(zhong)(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)、天(tian)府新區(qu)之間點對點的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)聯系。從衛星(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)通(tong)(tong)達情況來看,都(dou)江(jiang)堰到成都(dou)的(de)市域(yu)鐵(tie)路已建成,中(zhong)(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)到龍泉驛區(qu)、郫縣(xian)的(de)地鐵(tie)2號線(xian)已開通(tong)(tong)。根據《成都(dou)市城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)近期(qi)建設規劃(hua)(2016-2020)》,至2020 年,成都(dou)市城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)線(xian)網將達到11條,總長度約460公(gong)里,并(bing)延伸至所有衛星(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(圖1)。 預測(ce)2020年,成都(dou)市公(gong)共交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)占(zhan)全方式出行量(liang)比例為(wei)33%,軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)占(zhan)公(gong)共交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)出行量(liang)比例為(wei)35%。

二(er)、成都市衛星城建設概況

成(cheng)都衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設早(zao)于軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)開通(tong),早(zao)在20世紀80年代,成(cheng)都就曾提(ti)出過(guo)發(fa)展衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)初步構(gou)想。1996年編(bian)制的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)總(zong)體規劃明確提(ti)出建(jian)設大彎、龍(long)泉(quan)、華陽等7個(ge)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。進入(ru)新世紀后修編(bian)的(de)《成(cheng)都市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)總(zong)體規劃(2003-2020)》提(ti)出規劃構(gou)建(jian)新都、溫(wen)江、郫(pi)(pi)縣等六個(ge)周(zhou)邊組(zu)團。《成(cheng)都市(shi)新型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化規劃(2015-2020年)》將(jiang)包括新都、溫(wen)江、郫(pi)(pi)縣、雙流(liu)在內的(de)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)納入(ru)規劃。最(zui)新編(bian)制的(de)《成(cheng)都市(shi)總(zong)體規劃(2016-2030)》又納入(ru)空(kong)港新城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和龍(long)簡新城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩大衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),形(xing)成(cheng)10大衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(1)。

目(mu)前,成(cheng)都市(shi)衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)城(cheng)在(zai)吸納中(zhong)心城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、截留(liu)外來人口(kou)等(deng)方面還是發揮了一定的作用。從產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)來看(kan),衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)城(cheng)承接了中(zhong)心城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)遷出的專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)批(pi)發市(shi)場,并新建(jian)服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集中(zhong)發展(zhan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),共形成(cheng)16個(ge)市(shi)級(ji)服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集聚區(qu)(qu)(qu),數量約占(zhan)(zhan)全市(shi)50%;衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)城(cheng)的工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集中(zhong)發展(zhan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)已成(cheng)為成(cheng)都工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的主要載體(ti),2014年各衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)城(cheng)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增加值總量占(zhan)(zhan)全市(shi)56%。從人口(kou)流向看(kan)(圖2),2010-2014年中(zhong)心城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)占(zhan)(zhan)比維(wei)持在(zai)33%左(zuo)右,衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)城(cheng)占(zhan)(zhan)比由36.6%提高到38.45%,其中(zhong),龍泉驛區(qu)(qu)(qu)、溫(wen)江、雙流和郫縣戶(hu)籍人口(kou)增長最快。

三、當前軌道交通建設與(yu)衛(wei)星(xing)城發展(zhan)的特征分析(xi)

從當前建成(cheng)的(de)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)與衛星城發(fa)展的(de)情況來看,主要呈現以下(xia)四(si)個特點:

一是(shi)促(cu)進中心城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)與衛(wei)星城(cheng)互動(dong),但不足(zu)以支(zhi)撐大都市圈發展。軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)使(shi)得成(cheng)都市所具有的資源要素與郫縣、龍泉驛(yi)區(qu)(qu)、都江堰等資源要素相(xiang)結(jie)合,但目前聯系中心城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)與衛(wei)星城(cheng)的軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)線路嚴重(zhong)不足(zu),不足(zu)以支(zhi)撐成(cheng)都大都市圈發展。至2020年(nian),成(cheng)都軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)站點數為268個(ge),而(er)倫(lun)敦、紐(niu)約、巴黎、東京均為700個(ge)以上,東京甚至達到1323個(ge)。

二是引導產(chan)(chan)業(ye)沿(yan)軌道交通沿(yan)線(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),但產(chan)(chan)業(ye)同(tong)質化現象嚴(yan)重(zhong)。龍泉驛區(qu)(qu)圍繞地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)2號線(xian)(xian)沿(yan)線(xian)(xian)規劃(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與汽車(che)相(xiang)關的生產(chan)(chan)業(ye),溫江在地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)4號線(xian)(xian)沿(yan)線(xian)(xian)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)規劃(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)高端服(fu)務業(ye)態和(he)精品房地(di)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)。根據各區(qu)(qu)(市)縣對(dui)站點(dian)(dian)周邊產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的定位,發(fa)(fa)(fa)現發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方向基本上是以住(zhu)宅、商業(ye)綜合體為主,產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方向不明確(que),同(tong)質化現象嚴(yan)重(zhong)。

三是促(cu)進衛(wei)星城站點(dian)周邊開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa),但與城市(shi)功能(neng)契(qi)合度低(di)。軌道交通(tong)促(cu)進站點(dian)區(qu)域(yu)大(da)量房地(di)產項目開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa),例如犀(xi)浦站所在區(qu)域(yu)成為房地(di)產項目開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)的(de)熱(re)點(dian)區(qu)域(yu),且地(di)鐵(tie)開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)前(qian)后(hou)價(jia)格上漲幅度達31.8%。但目前(qian)圍(wei)繞地(di)鐵(tie)站點(dian)的(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)建設相對(dui)滯后(hou),站點(dian)周邊拆(chai)遷改(gai)造遲遲難以(yi)啟(qi)動,部分(fen)站點(dian)甚(shen)至尚未修通(tong)連(lian)接道路,并缺乏(fa)與其他(ta)公共交通(tong)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)接駁。

四是改變交通出行方(fang)式(shi),但(dan)也(ye)(ye)激發衛星(xing)城不(bu)少矛盾(dun)。軌道交通極大(da)改變了(le)衛星(xing)城居民的(de)生活(huo)方(fang)式(shi)和出行方(fang)式(shi),降低了(le)交通出行成本,但(dan)也(ye)(ye)面臨(lin)不(bu)少矛盾(dun),如衛星(xing)城缺乏公共配(pei)套(tao)而進一步(bu)淪為睡城,高峰時段某些站點人口瞬間(jian)激增(zeng),地鐵設施難以承受大(da)規模人流通行,出行環境水平大(da)幅下(xia)降。

四、軌道交通新格局對衛星城發(fa)展的積(ji)極影響

根據(ju)《成(cheng)都市(shi)城市(shi)軌道(dao)交通(tong)近期建(jian)(jian)設(she)規(gui)劃(2016-2020)》,下文(wen)主要從城市(shi)空(kong)間、城市(shi)產(chan)業、城市(shi)功能、城市(shi)生態四個方面,探(tan)討(tao)2020年前規(gui)劃建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)的(de)軌道(dao)交通(tong)對(dui)衛星(xing)城發(fa)展的(de)積極(ji)影響(xiang)。

(一)城市空間

1.引導人口向(xiang)衛星城轉移

軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)加速了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們在(zai)(zai)中心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)區流動(dong)的(de)速度(du),改(gai)變(bian)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們對居(ju)住、就業(ye)、休閑娛樂(le)等空間(jian)的(de)選(xuan)擇,從而有(you)利于(yu)引導城(cheng)(cheng)市人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口的(de)空間(jian)重構。軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口分(fen)布之間(jian)強烈的(de)互動(dong)關系,主(zhu)要表現在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口聚集(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)沿線的(de)某些(xie)站(zhan)點,這些(xie)站(zhan)點的(de)土地利用主(zhu)要以居(ju)住用地為主(zhu)。由于(yu)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)1、2號線延伸(shen)至(zhi)衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng),加快(kuai)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口聚集(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)中心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)區并不(bu)斷向(xiang)龍泉(quan)驛(yi)、雙流、郫縣(xian)等衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)擴散的(de)趨(qu)勢,并且在(zai)(zai)衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)某些(xie)站(zhan)點形成(cheng)大(da)量居(ju)住人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口。隨(sui)著2020年軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)不(bu)斷延伸(shen)至(zhi)衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng),軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)引導人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口向(xiang)衛(wei)(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)D移并非均衡地分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)每個點上,而是(shi)將不(bu)斷聚集(ji)(ji)于(yu)公(gong)共配(pei)套相對成(cheng)熟(shu)、具有(you)更(geng)多(duo)就業(ye)機會的(de)地區,這些(xie)站(zhan)點往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)能夠吸引大(da)量人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)流,從而產生更(geng)多(duo)居(ju)住開發需求。

2.促進(jin)全(quan)域大都市區加快形成

軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)網(wang)形態是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)生長的(de)(de)(de)(de)骨干,能夠拉(la)大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)框架(jia),拓展(zhan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian),引(yin)導和支撐著城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各種功(gong)(gong)能空(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布(bu),使(shi)得區(qu)域(yu)(yu)內各層次城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)系得到加強,從而(er)向(xiang)(xiang)多(duo)中(zhong)心網(wang)絡化(hua)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)結構轉型(xing)。東京都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈所形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)結構就是依(yi)托軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個典(dian)型(xing),在快速軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)網(wang)絡的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上分布(bu)住宅區(qu)、產業區(qu)和生活功(gong)(gong)能區(qu)。目前,成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形態正處于向(xiang)(xiang)“全域(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)”多(duo)中(zhong)心發展(zhan)格局(ju)轉變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong),中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行政辦(ban)公、大(da)(da)型(xing)醫療機構、高等院校、商貿物流(liu)等服務(wu)功(gong)(gong)能已(yi)開始逐步(bu)向(xiang)(xiang)衛星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外溢,而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)規劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“九(jiu)橫(heng)十七(qi)縱”骨架(jia)路網(wang)結構,將促使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各種設施和功(gong)(gong)能向(xiang)(xiang)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)沿線(xian)加速聚(ju)集,形成(cheng)(cheng)沿軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非均(jun)衡(heng)性、高密度點狀擴展(zhan),促進“雙核共興、一(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群大(da)(da)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)格局(ju)。

(二)城市產業

1.帶(dai)動地鐵相關產業轉(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)

隨著(zhu)(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市“退二進三”產(chan)業(ye)(ye)政策的(de)(de)調整,加之運(yun)輸成本的(de)(de)降低,制造業(ye)(ye)逐漸搬(ban)離中心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu),衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成為承(cheng)接中心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)搬(ban)遷(qian)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)、全(quan)域成都工(gong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)陣地。隨著(zhu)(zhu)軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通通達(da)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),位于軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通站點附近的(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園區(qu),如溫江海峽工(gong)業(ye)(ye)園區(qu)、雙流航空港經(jing)濟開發區(qu)等(deng)(deng),都有望通過站點對公共配套的(de)(de)聚集效應使得(de)園區(qu)基礎設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)得(de)到完善,進而加快園區(qu)內的(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)轉型升(sheng)級(ji)。此(ci)外,軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通的(de)(de)建設(she)(she),也(ye)能助(zhu)推(tui)(tui)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)定位與軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通相(xiang)關產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發展(zhan),例如新津的(de)(de)軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通材(cai)料產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園及北車成都產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園等(deng)(deng)項目,依托軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通建設(she)(she),積極培育和引進發展(zhan)軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通服務產(chan)業(ye)(ye),打(da)造軌道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通產(chan)業(ye)(ye)集群,同時能夠有效推(tui)(tui)動衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中涉及冶(ye)金、機(ji)械、建材(cai)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)傳統行業(ye)(ye)轉型升(sheng)級(ji),著(zhu)(zhu)力消(xiao)化(hua)傳統產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)過剩產(chan)能,拓展(zhan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)空間。

2.促進軌道交(jiao)通沿線服務業發展

服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展需(xu)(xu)要較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人流(liu)作(zuo)為(wei)支撐,由(you)于(yu)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線路(lu)設(she)計與(yu)(yu)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)換乘(cheng)處能夠(gou)快(kuai)速(su)聚(ju)散人流(liu),為(wei)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展提供了(le)條(tiao)件(jian)。軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)對商(shang)(shang)(shang)業、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促進作(zuo)用主要表現(xian)在(zai)(zai):一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)使商(shang)(shang)(shang)業資(zi)源(yuan)能夠(gou)在(zai)(zai)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)沿線范圍內(nei)進行整合與(yu)(yu)重(zhong)新(xin)分配,促進新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業圈(quan)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般是(shi)在(zai)(zai)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起點(dian)(dian)(dian)、終(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中轉站(zhan)口(kou)(kou)處。具體來(lai)看,隨著軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)1號(hao)線和(he)2號(hao)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展,市(shi)域商(shang)(shang)(shang)業格局正(zheng)由(you)單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)核心商(shang)(shang)(shang)圈(quan)向“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)核多次(ci)”商(shang)(shang)(shang)圈(quan)并存轉變,同時在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)都南站(zhan)、世紀城(cheng)(cheng)站(zhan)等(deng)重(zhong)要樞紐(niu)地區(qu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)較高(gao)等(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)圈(quan)。二是(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)能夠(gou)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)提升站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)圈(quan)等(deng)級(ji),尤其是(shi)本(ben)身已(yi)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定商(shang)(shang)(shang)業基礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian),或是(shi)政(zheng)府未來(lai)規(gui)劃建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)域。隨著軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)全面(mian)通(tong)達衛星城(cheng)(cheng),潛力站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)附近(jin)容易(yi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)圈(quan),例如西部新(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian),作(zuo)為(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)都市(shi)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業聚(ju)集區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),加之(zhi)(zhi)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)建成(cheng)(cheng)后不(bu)斷吸引人口(kou)(kou)、公共服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)設(she)施集中,并在(zai)(zai)循環累積(ji)效應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)下,催生(sheng)更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業需(xu)(xu)求,使得商(shang)(shang)(shang)業等(deng)級(ji)迅速(su)提升,最(zui)終(zhong)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個集居住(zhu)、生(sheng)活、休閑、工作(zuo)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心型站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian),也促進了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)次(ci)中心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。

3.促進沿線房地產繁榮

衛星城(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)對低(di)廉的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)價,開(kai)發風險低(di),未(wei)(wei)來(lai)具有較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長潛力(li),加之軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后改變了沿線(xian)土地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可達性(xing),大(da)大(da)降低(di)了沿線(xian)影(ying)響區(qu)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間及(ji)經濟(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本,進而(er)吸引大(da)量開(kai)發商(shang)在站點附近(jin)(jin)開(kai)發成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)片住宅項目,導(dao)致城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)住空(kong)間發生變化。通過對建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通站點附近(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)進行調(diao)研(yan),發現其價值(zhi)(zhi)都有不同程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)上漲,究其原因主要是中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發建設(she)較為(wei)完(wan)善,軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通對中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響相(xiang)對較小,而(er)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)邊緣(yuan)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)可達性(xing)較差(cha),軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通高度可達性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“磁力(li)效應(ying)”對沿線(xian)房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)作用巨大(da)。例如,1、2號(hao)線(xian)開(kai)通以(yi)來(lai),地(di)(di)(di)鐵沿線(xian)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了高新(xin)(xin)、世紀城(cheng)(cheng)、華(hua)府(fu)板塊(kuai)(kuai)、光華(hua)板塊(kuai)(kuai)以(yi)及(ji)大(da)面鋪等(deng)幾個(ge)房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)板塊(kuai)(kuai),而(er)高新(xin)(xin)站附近(jin)(jin)聚集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和黃?南城(cheng)(cheng)都匯、英郡、領館區(qu)一號(hao)等(deng)中(zhong)高檔地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)量以(yi)51%高居(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)之首(shou),均(jun)(jun)價遙(yao)居(ju)(ju)全城(cheng)(cheng)前列。隨著軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通全面通達衛星城(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)住空(kong)間將(jiang)不斷向衛星城(cheng)(cheng)轉移,以(yi)地(di)(di)(di)鐵為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環地(di)(di)(di)鐵居(ju)(ju)住區(qu)將(jiang)加快形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),且重點集(ji)中(zhong)在某些(xie)站點附近(jin)(jin),呈現出(chu)沿軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通線(xian)非(fei)均(jun)(jun)衡性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)點狀擴(kuo)展(zhan),如新(xin)(xin)都區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)豐、雙(shuang)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)航空(kong)港(gang)、溫江的(de)(de)(de)(de)光華(hua)大(da)道(dao)(dao)等(deng)區(qu)域,都將(jiang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)未(wei)(wei)來(lai)房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱點區(qu)域。

(三)城市功能

1.促(cu)進衛星(xing)城(cheng)傳統區域再開發(fa)

由(you)于軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能夠優化站(zhan)(zhan)點周邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)利用(yong),促使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市各功能空間重新(xin)配(pei)置,因此,政府有意將軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)站(zhan)(zhan)點置于老(lao)(lao)舊(jiu)城(cheng)(cheng)區,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)局部城(cheng)(cheng)市更新(xin),使(shi)老(lao)(lao)舊(jiu)城(cheng)(cheng)區迸(beng)發新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活力(li)。目(mu)前,衛星城(cheng)(cheng)老(lao)(lao)舊(jiu)城(cheng)(cheng)區普遍存在布局混亂、房屋破舊(jiu)、環境(jing)污染和(he)基(ji)礎設施缺乏等(deng)問(wen)題,例如郫縣犀浦鎮、龍(long)泉音樂廣場(chang)等(deng),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進化能力(li)已(yi)難以(yi)解決這些問(wen)題,隨著該(gai)地(di)(di)區站(zhan)(zhan)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運營(ying),大量房地(di)(di)產項(xiang)目(mu)在該(gai)地(di)(di)區聚(ju)集,使(shi)得該(gai)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市面貌(mao)有所(suo)改(gai)(gai)善(shan)。隨著軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)全(quan)面通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)達(da)(da)衛星城(cheng)(cheng),將進一(yi)步提升衛星城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可達(da)(da)性,帶來規(gui)模集聚(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消費(fei)人群和(he)旅游人群,原先土地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零散、條塊(kuai)分割似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)方式(shi)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)粗放使(shi)用(yong),例如新(xin)都大豐區域、雙(shuang)流(liu)老(lao)(lao)城(cheng)(cheng)區、郫縣郫筒(tong)街(jie)道(dao),都有望通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)修(xiu)建(jian)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廊道(dao)效(xiao)應(ying),圍(wei)繞站(zhan)(zhan)點建(jian)設形成圈層狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)開(kai)發,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)功能植入、環境(jing)改(gai)(gai)善(shan)、土地(di)(di)集約(yue)化利用(yong),大大提升該(gai)區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)改(gai)(gai)造進程。

2.促進城市新興空(kong)間加速(su)形成

軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)主(zhu)要通(tong)過改變(bian)站點(dian)周邊的(de)土地(di)利(li)(li)用(yong),使得站點(dian)周邊的(de)土地(di)利(li)(li)用(yong)形態發生(sheng)變(bian)化,尤(you)其是(shi)土地(di)利(li)(li)用(yong)高(gao)效的(de)站點(dian)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)能(neng)夠聚(ju)集大量人流,進而(er)又推(tui)動其他商(shang)業和住宅(zhai)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)發展,逐(zhu)漸(jian)形成(cheng)繁榮的(de)商(shang)業區(qu)(qu)、娛樂區(qu)(qu)和中等商(shang)務(wu)區(qu)(qu),最終依托軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)站點(dian)形成(cheng)區(qu)(qu)域經濟新增(zeng)長(chang)點(dian)。伴隨(sui)成(cheng)都市軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)全面(mian)通(tong)達衛(wei)星城,所(suo)在(zai)區(qu)(qu)域交(jiao)通(tong)可達性提高(gao),將顯著提升交(jiao)通(tong)沿線(xian)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)經濟發展潛(qian)力,帶動周邊土地(di)升值,并在(zai)沿線(xian)聚(ju)集發展大型購物中心(xin)、大型公共服務(wu)設施,從而(er)有機會(hui)形成(cheng)一批新興(xing)增(zeng)長(chang)空(kong)間,成(cheng)為軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)軸(zhou)線(xian)上最活躍的(de)點(dian)狀(zhuang)高(gao)密度中心(xin)。

(四)城市生態

1.促(cu)進城市綠色化發展

軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)作為(wei)高效、環保、樞(shu)紐型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)方式,確實可以降低(di)城(cheng)市能(neng)源消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao),與其(qi)他公共交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)方式相比(bi),軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)單位能(neng)耗(hao)(hao)較低(di),比(bi)公共汽車節約330.6KJ能(neng)耗(hao)(hao)。隨著(zhu)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)全面通(tong)(tong)達(da)衛星城(cheng),衛星城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)居(ju)民更多愿意(yi)選擇(ze)乘坐軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong),且(qie)小(xiao)汽車的(de)(de)(de)出行(xing)比(bi)率降低(di),在一定程(cheng)度上能(neng)夠(gou)減(jian)少能(neng)源消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)、尾(wei)氣(qi)排放。同時,軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)能(neng)夠(gou)減(jian)輕噪(zao)聲(sheng)污染。在軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),車輪與鋼軌(gui)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)碰(peng)撞以及發動機運(yun)轉(zhuan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會產(chan)生大(da)量(liang)噪(zao)音(yin)(yin),但由(you)于(yu)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)大(da)部分在地下(xia)運(yun)行(xing)且(qie)相對平穩,除了靠近軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)線路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)地區(qu)噪(zao)聲(sheng)干擾較大(da)之(zhi)外,其(qi)他地區(qu)受到的(de)(de)(de)影響相對較低(di)。根據相關(guan)研究結論(lun),軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)噪(zao)音(yin)(yin)比(bi)公路(lu)干道(dao)低(di)5-10dB(A)。隨著(zhu)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)成熟、隔音(yin)(yin)措施的(de)(de)(de)加強以及其(qi)他相關(guan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)進(jin),又會進(jin)一步降低(di)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)污染,給城(cheng)市中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)居(ju)民創造安逸、舒(shu)適的(de)(de)(de)生活環境。

2.引導(dao)土地(di)集(ji)約高效利用

當前,土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)缺乏已經成為制約城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)難題,而軌(gui)(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)建(jian)(jian)設能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠引(yin)導(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)有序(xu)、集(ji)(ji)約化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)。首(shou)先,軌(gui)(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)建(jian)(jian)設占用(yong)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)面積(ji)較少(shao),除(chu)出入(ru)口占用(yong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)面積(ji)外,基(ji)本上都是(shi)地(di)(di)下空間(jian)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong),遠小于其他(ta)公共(gong)交(jiao)通(tong)所占用(yong)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)面積(ji)。其次(ci),軌(gui)(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)建(jian)(jian)設能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠加(jia)速站(zhan)點(dian)周邊土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)形式的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua),提高土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)強度(du),使土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)效率最大化(hua),并促(cu)進(jin)和引(yin)導(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)向居住、商業等(deng)收益高的(de)(de)用(yong)地(di)(di)類(lei)型轉(zhuan)化(hua),使得城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)各種功能(neng)(neng)(neng)高度(du)聚集(ji)(ji)在以站(zhan)點(dian)為核心的(de)(de)影響區范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)。因(yin)此,隨著軌(gui)(gui)(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)通(tong)達衛星城(cheng)(cheng),站(zhan)點(dian)建(jian)(jian)設對衛星城(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)約化(hua)、板塊化(hua)起(qi)到了積(ji)極作用(yong),從而促(cu)進(jin)衛星城(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)內(nei)涵式發(fa)展(zhan)。

五、軌道(dao)交通(tong)新(xin)格局下衛星城與軌道(dao)交通(tong)協(xie)調發展策(ce)略

(一)強化TOD與SOD相結(jie)合的衛(wei)星(xing)城功能培育

TOD和(he)SOD相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)模式是衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)將公共(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)和(he)公共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結合,圍繞軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)規劃相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)公共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)設(she)(she)(she)施。首先,從全市層(ceng)面(mian)統籌考慮衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)打(da)造(zao),對(dui)全市大型(xing)(xing)公共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)設(she)(she)(she)施進行摸底(di)調查,梳理(li)出(chu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)頻(pin)率低、半徑(jing)大的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)施,列(lie)入外遷候(hou)選(xuan)名單,再結合軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)潛力(li)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑規模、人口、業態等(deng)因素,將大型(xing)(xing)公共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)設(she)(she)(she)施預先布局到合適站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)周(zhou)邊,充分發揮“SOD”的(de)(de)(de)“造(zao)血”功(gong)能,形(xing)成以特定功(gong)能為主(zhu)導的(de)(de)(de)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)特色(se)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點(dian),與產業發展相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結合,帶動居民就(jiu)近生(sheng)活、工作、消費,從而構(gou)建(jian)起功(gong)能完(wan)備、宜居宜業的(de)(de)(de)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)。其次,可(ke)以圍繞軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)打(da)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)批新型(xing)(xing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)業。從衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)能定位出(chu)發,統籌衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)開(kai)發,圍繞站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)策劃一(yi)(yi)批新型(xing)(xing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)業,打(da)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)個個特色(se)產業小城(cheng)(cheng),如微電影小城(cheng)(cheng)、國際醫療旅游(you)小城(cheng)(cheng)、足(zu)球小城(cheng)(cheng)等(deng),形(xing)成獨具特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)樞(shu)紐經(jing)濟點(dian),開(kai)創(chuang)成都服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)業發展的(de)(de)(de)新局面(mian)。

(二)構建支(zhi)撐衛星城內外聯系(xi)的綜合交通系(xi)統

充分(fen)發揮(hui)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)運量大、客流集中的(de)(de)優(you)勢,按照“零換(huan)乘(cheng)(cheng)”或者(zhe)“少換(huan)乘(cheng)(cheng)”的(de)(de)原則,實(shi)現(xian)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)與各(ge)類交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)方式的(de)(de)有(you)機銜接(jie),加快(kuai)(kuai)構建(jian)支撐(cheng)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)外交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)聯系(xi)的(de)(de)綜合交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)系(xi)統。一是(shi)加強軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)與“雙核(he)”間(jian)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)聯系(xi),強化天府新區(qu)核(he)心區(qu)、中心城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)對衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)輻射。各(ge)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)在加快(kuai)(kuai)推進軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)同時,要(yao)(yao)注意強化與“雙核(he)”之間(jian)高(gao)速(su)路(lu)、快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)路(lu)等干線的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)接(jie)駁(bo),實(shi)現(xian)與全市(shi)重要(yao)(yao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)樞紐以及交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)要(yao)(yao)道(dao)等的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)銜接(jie)和高(gao)效(xiao)轉換(huan),力爭與“雙核(he)”形成半小時通(tong)(tong)(tong)勤圈。二是(shi)優(you)化提(ti)(ti)升衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)與其內(nei)部交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)方式的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)連接(jie)。公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)作為(wei)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)換(huan)乘(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)方式,應根(gen)據軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)線路(lu)和站點,規劃設(she)計公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接(jie)駁(bo)線路(lu),優(you)化公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線路(lu)布(bu)局,推動(dong)公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)無縫銜接(jie);同時,需要(yao)(yao)重點考慮(lv)小汽車(che)的(de)(de)換(huan)乘(cheng)(cheng)問(wen)題,如設(she)置“P+R”停(ting)(ting)車(che)場,同時配建(jian)非機動(dong)車(che)停(ting)(ting)車(che)場,鼓勵(li)自行車(che)作為(wei)其有(you)效(xiao)補充,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)擔(dan)率。

(三)合理調控衛星城發展與站(zhan)點開發的(de)時序

對(dui)(dui)于(yu)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)新建(jian)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),應當(dang)盡量保證新建(jian)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)(yu)軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點開(kai)發(fa)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)同步(bu)進行(xing),這(zhe)有助于(yu)減少在軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)通(tong)(tong)達前小(xiao)汽車(che)對(dui)(dui)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)擁(yong)堵(du),同時能夠利用軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點對(dui)(dui)該(gai)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)土地的(de)(de)(de)高效集約化發(fa)展,優(you)化土地利用結(jie)構,保障軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)建(jian)設(she)與(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)開(kai)發(fa)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)合理性與(yu)(yu)效率性。此外(wai),對(dui)(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)(yu)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)連接的(de)(de)(de)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點設(she)置(zhi),應保持一定的(de)(de)(de)距離,避免中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)向外(wai) “攤大餅(bing)”式的(de)(de)(de)蔓(man)延發(fa)展。一般來講,與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)結(jie)合較為緊(jin)密的(de)(de)(de)地鐵站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點,最可(ke)能受到城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)空間擴張影響的(de)(de)(de)沖擊,因此,為確保大都(dou)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生態空間的(de)(de)(de)完整性,對(dui)(dui)這(zhe)類站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點的(de)(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)要與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)保持充足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)距離。基于(yu)優(you)先發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之間的(de)(de)(de)線路(lu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點布設(she)宜少不(bu)宜多,尤其是雙流、溫江、新都(dou)、郫縣、龍泉驛區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)等與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)距離較近的(de)(de)(de)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點。

(四(si))打造與衛星(xing)城風貌相適應的軌道交(jiao)通線(xian)路(lu)特色

軌道(dao)交通作為(wei)聯系各(ge)(ge)種地(di)上(shang)、地(di)下(xia)空(kong)間的(de)(de)紐帶,通過(guo)在(zai)沿線站(zhan)點(dian)的(de)(de)建筑空(kong)間形態上(shang)強化線路(lu)風(feng)格(ge)和站(zhan)點(dian)特色(se),達到各(ge)(ge)種空(kong)間的(de)(de)“無(wu)感過(guo)渡(du)”,也(ye)是(shi)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)同(tong)文化風(feng)貌的(de)(de)重要(yao)體現。為(wei)全方(fang)位展示衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)貌,提(ti)升衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)吸引力,方(fang)便乘客對不(bu)同(tong)站(zhan)點(dian)的(de)(de)區(qu)位識別,在(zai)整體風(feng)格(ge)指(zhi)導之(zhi)下(xia)針(zhen)對各(ge)(ge)站(zhan)點(dian)進行專門設計,突出(chu)差(cha)異與特色(se),呈現出(chu)與站(zhan)點(dian)所在(zai)區(qu)域相適應(ying)的(de)(de)空(kong)間感,即(ji)實現“一線一色(se)”和“一站(zhan)一品(pin)”的(de)(de)有(you)機結(jie)合。這就要(yao)求深挖當(dang)地(di)地(di)域文化內涵(han),抓(zhua)住最(zui)能(neng)代表本土的(de)(de)文化特征元(yuan)素,同(tong)時更要(yao)緊握時代內涵(han),既有(you)繼(ji)承(cheng)又有(you)發展地(di)將文化元(yuan)素融入到軌道(dao)交通站(zhan)點(dian)的(de)(de)空(kong)間設計中,凸(tu)顯(xian)各(ge)(ge)大(da)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)特色(se)。

注釋:

(1) 由于龍簡(jian)新(xin)城(cheng)和空港新(xin)城(cheng)的最新(xin)數據較難獲取,文章(zhang)中關(guan)于衛星城(cheng)的統(tong)計數據均未包含這兩大(da)衛星城(cheng)。

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