一、金坑紅瑤概況

（一）村寨概況

金坑紅瑤(yao)寨是龍(long)脊十(shi)三(san)寨之(zhi)一，隸屬廣(guang)西桂林(lin)市(shi)龍(long)勝(sheng)縣(xian)和平(ping)鄉，位于和平(ping)鄉東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)，因地(di)下(xia)金礦多(duo)和地(di)形酷似(si)一個大(da)(da)天坑而得(de)名[1]。村寨距(ju)離桂林(lin)市(shi)約100km，距(ju)龍(long)勝(sheng)縣(xian)城30.6km，東(dong)經103°26′，北(bei)(bei)緯103°26′。村土地(di)總面積22.28平(ping)方公里(li)，有水田(tian)746畝(mu)(mu)，旱地(di)425畝(mu)(mu)，林(lin)地(di)3656畝(mu)(mu)。大(da)(da)寨地(di)處桂北(bei)(bei)高寒山區，境內山體陡峭(qiao)，地(di)勢險峻(jun)，屬季(ji)風氣(qi)候，雨(yu)量(liang)充沛，氣(qi)候宜人，且森林(lin)覆(fu)蓋率高，冬無(wu)(wu)嚴寒夏(xia)無(wu)(wu)酷暑，四季(ji)冷熱分明，干濕明顯，晝夜溫差大(da)(da)，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫18.1℃，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水量(liang)1543毫米(mi)[2]。

（二）旅游開(kai)發現狀

金(jin)(jin)坑梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)的(de)開發(fa)(fa)是(shi)從(cong)2000年(nian)以后開始的(de)，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)開發(fa)(fa)前(qian)金(jin)(jin)坑是(shi)龍(long)勝各族(zu)自治縣(xian)最貧困(kun)的(de)山(shan)村(cun)之一。2003年(nian)政府(fu)投資400多(duo)(duo)(duo)萬元，開通(tong)了雙河口至大(da)(da)寨(zhai)村(cun)的(de)公路，大(da)(da)寨(zhai)的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)業(ye)迅速發(fa)(fa)展。如(ru)今(jin)，全村(cun)共有(you)農家旅(lv)(lv)(lv)館52家，床(chuang)位達(da)1500多(duo)(duo)(duo)張。結合(he)“文明(ming)衛生(sheng)屯”創建(jian)工(gong)作的(de)開展，到(dao)2005年(nian)底(di)，大(da)(da)寨(zhai)村(cun)已有(you)180多(duo)(duo)(duo)戶(hu)完成了“五改(gai)一建(jian)設工(gong)程”，全村(cun)的(de)衛生(sheng)面(mian)貌大(da)(da)大(da)(da)改(gai)善。硬化(hua)的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)道路達(da)3000多(duo)(duo)(duo)米，寨(zhai)底(di)建(jian)有(you)能停(ting)80輛汽車(che)的(de)停(ting)車(che)場。如(ru)今(jin)大(da)(da)寨(zhai)村(cun)共設有(you)三個旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)景(jing)(jing)點，以石階鋪級而上。有(you)“千層天(tian)梯(ti)(ti)”景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)、“西(xi)山(shan)韶樂”景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)、“金(jin)(jin)佛頂”景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)等。站在觀(guan)景(jing)(jing)臺，游(you)客可以盡享梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)美(mei)景(jing)(jing)，領略瑤族(zu)風情。據統計，2007年(nian)，到(dao)金(jin)(jin)坑梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)觀(guan)光的(de)中外(wai)游(you)客已經達(da)到(dao)了15萬人(ren)，日游(you)客量達(da)180人(ren)，黃金(jin)(jin)周(zhou)每(mei)天(tian)更是(shi)高達(da)2000多(duo)(duo)(duo)人(ren)。隨著(zhu)游(you)客增加，農民的(de)收入也發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)了巨大(da)(da)變化(hua)，人(ren)均收入從(cong)2002年(nian)的(de)948元猛(meng)增到(dao)2007年(nian)的(de)3000元。

二、旅游開(kai)發中(zhong)金坑紅瑤文化面臨(lin)的(de)問題

一、城市是由(you)大量建(jian)筑(zhu)構成(cheng)的空間實體(ti)

城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立體空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)縱橫交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)、高低錯(cuo)落(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)、構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)及各種設施構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，以(yi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排列圍合(he)形(xing)成(cheng)街道(dao)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、社區空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、廣(guang)場空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、單位和居(ju)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)院落(luo)(luo)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等。相對而言，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)本身是(shi)(shi)(shi)封閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、有(you)一(yi)(yi)定規(gui)模(mo)體量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)體空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，街道(dao)、廣(guang)場、公園(yuan)(yuan)和院落(luo)(luo)等則是(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、可供公共活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虛體空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，再加(jia)上(shang)(shang)自(zi)然(ran)山(shan)水和風(feng)景園(yuan)(yuan)林等具有(you)生(sheng)態功能(neng)、自(zi)然(ran)與人(ren)(ren)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)放(fang)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，這些空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)共同(tong)組(zu)合(he)成(cheng)封閉與開(kai)放(fang)相結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)整體空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)態和空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)秩序，以(yi)滿(man)足人(ren)(ren)們(men)工(gong)作（生(sheng)產(chan)）、居(ju)住（生(sheng)活）、交(jiao)(jiao)通（交(jiao)(jiao)往、交(jiao)(jiao)流）和游憩（景觀、旅游）等需要，并以(yi)多種多樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)布局方式和立體空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)象凸顯城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)面貌和特色(se)。由(you)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)大量(liang)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)通過(guo)不同(tong)組(zu)合(he)手段、空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)和表(biao)現形(xing)式建(jian)(jian)構(gou)(gou)起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可以(yi)說(shuo)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)態和空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主體成(cheng)分，在很大程度上(shang)(shang)決定著(zhu)該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)面貌和特色(se)。說(shuo)到底，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)們(men)進行文(wen)化創造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)物(wu)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)態和形(xing)象反映了人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化追求和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化色(se)彩，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)文(wen)化在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)化發展中具有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位與作用，我(wo)們(men)不能(neng)小(xiao)覷。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)們(men)根據物(wu)質生(sheng)活和精神生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，按照一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、使用一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材料、運(yun)用一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學技術(shu)、遵循(xun)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審美觀念（建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)）建(jian)(jian)造(zao)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)作品(pin)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)們(men)文(wen)化智慧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)晶和美好愿望的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)載體。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大量(liang)聚集并按一(yi)(yi)定規(gui)律排列組(zu)合(he)、持續發展，達到一(yi)(yi)定規(gui)模(mo)，便形(xing)成(cheng)了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)，構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。

城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用性質和(he)(he)(he)功能要(yao)求是多(duo)種多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，比如(ru)工(gong)業（生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、商業（物(wu)流）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、公共(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)（內(nei)(nei)容豐富多(duo)彩(cai)(cai)）、居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)（生(sheng)(sheng)活）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、風(feng)景園(yuan)林建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)(deng)，它(ta)們遍(bian)布于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)中，與(yu)自然(ran)山水環(huan)境和(he)(he)(he)道路交通(tong)(tong)(tong)網絡相結(jie)合，構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了工(gong)作（生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)）空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)（生(sheng)(sheng)活）空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、交通(tong)(tong)(tong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)(he)游憩空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)。這些建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)既有各(ge)(ge)自明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能定(ding)位(wei)，又有密(mi)切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系，它(ta)們相輔(fu)相成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，營造出(chu)(chu)縱橫連貫而又富有變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)實(shi)體，為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)精(jing)神文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)活提供了廣闊空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。可(ke)見，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)締造者(zhe)(zhe)、表(biao)現(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)和(he)(he)(he)傳(chuan)播者(zhe)(zhe)，其對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻率(lv)是第一位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，擔當著(zhu)十分突出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)演(yan)(yan)角色。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有一個歷(li)史(shi)(shi)過(guo)程(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)絕非(fei)一日之(zhi)功，它(ta)是各(ge)(ge)類建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)長期積累、組合而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)物(wu)。尤(you)其是歷(li)史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)名城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，匯(hui)集(ji)了從古至(zhi)今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，包(bao)括(kuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)遺產(chan)(chan)、歷(li)史(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)近現(xian)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了歷(li)史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)近現(xian)代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)相銜接、相碰撞、相依存、相融合、共(gong)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“大合唱”，賦予了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)起伏跌宕、豐富多(duo)彩(cai)(cai)、傳(chuan)承(cheng)記(ji)憶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)內(nei)(nei)涵，鐫刻著(zhu)時代(dai)交替、社會變(bian)革、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)興衰發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)印記(ji)，記(ji)載了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)長河中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)事件、傳(chuan)奇經歷(li)和(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)故(gu)事，記(ji)錄了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)歷(li)程(cheng)。這些都是通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)語(yu)言（包(bao)括(kuo)選(xuan)址(zhi)、內(nei)(nei)容、形式、風(feng)格、色彩(cai)(cai)和(he)(he)(he)尺度等(deng)(deng)）可(ke)以明白告訴人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)因此成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)見證。每一座建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)都有自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)背(bei)景、空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)位(wei)置、使用功能、科技(ji)含量、表(biao)現(xian)形式、設(she)計風(feng)格、外在色彩(cai)(cai)及其空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)，那(nei)些杰出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)往(wang)往(wang)能成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佼佼者(zhe)(zhe)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志和(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)。比如(ru)，北京的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紫(zi)禁(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（故(gu)宮）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群、拉(la)薩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布達拉(la)宮、武漢(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃鶴樓(lou)(lou)、西(xi)安(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)、聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光岳樓(lou)(lou)、杭州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)峰塔、上海的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東方明珠電(dian)視塔、烏魯(lu)木齊(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大巴扎以及喀什(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艾提尕爾清真寺等(deng)(deng)，這些建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)無一不是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古今空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亮點，無一不是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)標志和(he)(he)(he)鮮明象征(zheng)。

二(er)、建筑是會說話的城市(shi)文化(hua)載體

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)是城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)積(ji)聚下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)精神文(wen)化(hua)(hua)財(cai)富(fu)，它們(men)默(mo)默(mo)地屹立在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，構成了城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)空間(jian)。其(qi)(qi)實，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)是會(hui)說話的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)載(zai)體，無時(shi)無刻(ke)不在(zai)(zai)訴說著城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)歷史，當時(shi)當地社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)背景、制度、經濟條(tiao)件、資源狀況、科學技術(shu)、思(si)想觀(guan)念、生活方式、民(min)族風(feng)俗及(ji)(ji)(ji)宗教(jiao)信仰(yang)，后(hou)天的(de)(de)(de)坎(kan)坷或順(shun)暢的(de)(de)(de)經歷及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)興衰的(de)(de)(de)遭遇，從(cong)它們(men)現存的(de)(de)(de)身軀和(he)(he)相(xiang)貌上(shang)，人們(men)可以洞察出其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)意義以及(ji)(ji)(ji)未來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)命運走向。通過(guo)聆(ling)聽一座座建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)組合體對(dui)其(qi)(qi)身世、作用、姿態、信息(xi)和(he)(he)保護程度的(de)(de)(de)“傾訴”，我們(men)可以分析總結(jie)出城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)和(he)(he)教(jiao)訓，全面了解過(guo)去，認真面對(dui)現在(zai)(zai)，理性籌劃(hua)未來(lai)，從(cong)而推動城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)繁榮發(fa)展(zhan)。

（一）建(jian)筑會傾訴歷史社會的文(wen)化真相

1樹(shu)立以(yi)德興護的護理(li)(li)文化理(li)(li)念

中華民(min)族有著五千年(nian)的文明(ming)史(shi)，蘊(yun)積了深厚的傳統倫理(li)(li)道德(de)。我們在(zai)建立、發(fa)展護(hu)理(li)(li)文化的過程(cheng)中，弘揚優良的傳統文化與美德(de)，用(yong)救死扶傷、不(bu)謀私(si)利(li)，獻(xian)(xian)身事業、不(bu)貪名利(li)、廣(guang)施仁(ren)愛、不(bu)計報酬的要求(qiu)來規范(fan)護(hu)士的言行(xing)，使護(hu)理(li)(li)事業日(ri)益興旺(wang)發(fa)達，這(zhe)就是“以德(de)興護(hu)”的深刻內(nei)涵(han)。發(fa)展護(hu)理(li)(li)文化，一(yi)定要將(jiang)“以德(de)興護(hu)”作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中心理(li)(li)念。在(zai)科室的護(hu)理(li)(li)文化建設中，將(jiang)“以德(de)興護(hu)”作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)自己(ji)的行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)準則與道德(de)規范(fan)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)理(li)(li)文化的發(fa)展作(zuo)出貢獻(xian)(xian)，并(bing)從護(hu)理(li)(li)文化理(li)(li)念提升為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)種人生信念。

2建設具有一(yi)流文化素(su)質的護理隊伍

建(jian)設一支有(you)著文(wen)化(hua)素(su)(su)質一流的(de)護理(li)(li)隊伍，是(shi)建(jian)設、發展護理(li)(li)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)根(gen)本(ben)保障。否則，護理(li)(li)文(wen)化(hua)將是(shi)無本(ben)之木，無源之水。一流文(wen)化(hua)素(su)(su)質，是(shi)指除了合格(ge)的(de)學(xue)歷和一定的(de)醫護理(li)(li)論之外，還必須要(yao)有(you)三種精(jing)神。

2.1無(wu)(wu)私(si)(si)奉(feng)(feng)獻(xian)(xian)――崇(chong)高的(de)獻(xian)(xian)身精神護理事(shi)業(ye)(ye)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)偉大的(de)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)，也是(shi)與(yu)人的(de)生命(ming)質(zhi)量密切相關(guan)(guan)的(de)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)，關(guan)(guan)系到人類的(de)健康(kang)、幸福、安(an)寧。為了這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)偉大的(de)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)，奉(feng)(feng)獻(xian)(xian)自己(ji)的(de)青春與(yu)生命(ming)，無(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)絲的(de)私(si)(si)心雜念，這(zhe)就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種崇(chong)高的(de)獻(xian)(xian)身精神。在這(zhe)方面(mian)，我們(men)以(yi)南丁格爾和(he)優秀(xiu)護士為榜(bang)樣，感受她們(men)為了人類健康(kang)而(er)自覺獻(xian)(xian)出一(yi)(yi)切的(de)優質(zhi)品(pin)質(zhi)，把為了事(shi)業(ye)(ye)而(er)無(wu)(wu)私(si)(si)奉(feng)(feng)獻(xian)(xian)作為自己(ji)的(de)人生觀與(yu)世界觀。

2.2終(zhong)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)――可(ke)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)取(qu)精(jing)神(shen)當今世界，處(chu)于知(zhi)識大(da)(da)爆炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)時代。無論何種(zhong)職業(ye)(ye)(ye)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)張文(wen)憑定終(zhong)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)代一(yi)(yi)(yi)去不(bu)(bu)(bu)復返了。要(yao)(yao)使(shi)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)水平與文(wen)化(hua)知(zhi)識不(bu)(bu)(bu)落后(hou)于時展，只有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)途徑(jing)，那就是(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行終(zhong)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)――連續不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)與文(wen)化(hua)積累。終(zhong)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)，作為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)可(ke)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)取(qu)精(jing)神(shen)，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個優秀護(hu)(hu)士保持一(yi)(yi)(yi)流文(wen)化(hua)素質的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本性途徑(jing)。在(zai)(zai)我院的(de)(de)(de)(de)骨科護(hu)(hu)士，都認(ren)識到(dao)終(zhong)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性，參加繼續教(jiao)育(yu)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)、參加大(da)(da)專課程學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)已(yi)蔚(yu)然成風，制訂近、中、遠期學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)計劃，同時主動自(zi)覺地參加護(hu)(hu)理部(bu)、科室(shi)組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)，直(zhi)至終(zhong)生(sheng)。還有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參加進(jin)(jin)(jin)修、階段培訓，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行專業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)學(xue)(xue)，或閱讀各(ge)種(zhong)護(hu)(hu)理報刊。終(zhong)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)(zai)科室(shi)已(yi)深入人(ren)心。了解(jie)護(hu)(hu)理發展現狀與信息則是(shi)大(da)(da)家除(chu)上述學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)之外的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致行動，護(hu)(hu)士們的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)身(shen)水平得到(dao)了明顯提(ti)高(gao)，12名注冊護(hu)(hu)士中大(da)(da)專畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)6人(ren)，還有(you)3人(ren)在(zai)(zai)繼續大(da)(da)專學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)。

【內容(rong)提要(yao)】黨的(de)十六大，把發展社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)政治(zhi)(zhi)，建設(she)(she)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義政治(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)，確定為全面建設(she)(she)小(xiao)康社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)目標。本(ben)文(wen)認為幾千年的(de)臣民(min)(min)(min)(min)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)、臣民(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)化至今對中國(guo)的(de)政治(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)化進程(cheng)產生消(xiao)極影響，是建設(she)(she)政治(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)障礙，公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)、公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)化才(cai)是建設(she)(she)政治(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)基礎(chu)，最(zui)后本(ben)文(wen)就(jiu)如何(he)培育公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)化作了探討。

【關鍵(jian)詞】政治文(wen)(wen)明(ming)臣民(min)文(wen)(wen)化公民(min)文(wen)(wen)化培育公民(min)文(wen)(wen)化

黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)十六(liu)大(da)，把發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)，確(que)定(ding)為(wei)全(quan)面建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)小(xiao)康社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要目標。這是我們(men)黨(dang)在(zai)(zai)全(quan)國代(dai)表大(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)上(shang)，第(di)一次明(ming)確(que)地對建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)作出部(bu)(bu)(bu)署，并將它(ta)與建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)和建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)精神(shen)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)一起，確(que)定(ding)為(wei)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)現(xian)代(dai)化建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)三大(da)基(ji)本目標。這表明(ming)我們(men)黨(dang)對共產(chan)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)執政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)規律、人(ren)類(lei)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規律、社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)現(xian)代(dai)化建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)規律的(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)在(zai)(zai)不斷深(shen)化。所(suo)謂政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)，簡單地說，就是人(ren)類(lei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步狀態(tai)。從(cong)靜態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度看，它(ta)是人(ren)類(lei)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)程(cheng)中取得的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)步成(cheng)果；從(cong)動態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度看，它(ta)是人(ren)類(lei)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)化發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)具體過程(cheng)。因此(ci)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)是指(zhi)人(ren)們(men)改造社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)所(suo)獲得政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)果的(de)(de)(de)總和，是人(ren)們(men)在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)形態(tai)中關于民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、自(zi)由、平等以及(ji)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)解放的(de)(de)(de)實現(xian)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)體現(xian)，在(zai)(zai)很大(da)程(cheng)度上(shang)反映了(le)一個社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、國家的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)水平，是衡量(liang)人(ren)類(lei)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要標志之一。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)包括(kuo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)識(shi)(理念)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制度文(wen)(wen)明(ming)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體制文(wen)(wen)明(ming)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行為(wei)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)四個組成(cheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分，是由這四個部(bu)(bu)(bu)分構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)有機整體。

政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)類政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)踐活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)總結，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理念(nian)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)彼此聯系(xi)，互相溝通，協調發展，構成了政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)體(ti)(ti)。就四者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)而(er)(er)言，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)“魂”，是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神指導；政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)“本”，不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)形(xing)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬性要(yao)由它來體(ti)(ti)現；政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)“繩”，是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)則化(hua)(hua)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)規(gui)范。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)“形(xing)”，是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)用于環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)，也(ye)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)現。建(jian)設(she)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)實(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)發展人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如同建(jian)造一(yi)座宏(hong)偉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)廈(sha)需(xu)要(yao)牢固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地基(ji)一(yi)樣，否則“基(ji)礎(chu)不(bu)牢，地動(dong)山(shan)搖”，建(jian)設(she)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)一(yi)個堅(jian)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)基(ji)礎(chu)，這就是(shi)公(gong)民(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)。公(gong)民(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)設(she)現代政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)提供合(he)法(fa)性解釋和(he)合(he)理性證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)，加強政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角色對(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)同感(gan)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革是(shi)一(yi)個有深刻(ke)指向和(he)濃(nong)厚文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)底蘊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變革過程，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革中(zhong)(zhong)先進政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)含(han)量高低直接影響政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)(du)(du)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量，所以(yi)說(shuo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)乃制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)母，有了公(gong)民(min)(min)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)這個基(ji)石，培育(yu)出公(gong)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，并使(shi)之(zhi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)流政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，才能最終(zhong)樹(shu)立絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數國(guo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)信(xin)心，才能使(shi)絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數國(guo)人(ren)(ren)養成民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)習慣，形(xing)成民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)心理，積淀(dian)于民(min)(min)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，使(shi)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念(nian)深深植根于千(qian)萬普通民(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨髓，才能真(zhen)正建(jian)設(she)現代政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)近一(yi)百年(nian)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艱難轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型，實(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就是(shi)從臣民(min)(min)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)向公(gong)民(min)(min)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型。而(er)(er)所謂政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革，就是(shi)要(yao)完(wan)成這一(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變。改革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標即民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)現之(zhi)時(shi)，就是(shi)公(gong)民(min)(min)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、公(gong)民(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)確立之(zhi)日(ri)。

一、長期存(cun)在(zai)的臣民文化是建(jian)設(she)政治文明的障礙

幾千(qian)年來，中國(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)封(feng)建君主專制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)臣民(min)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)，“普天之(zhi)下，莫(mo)非(fei)王(wang)土(tu)；率土(tu)之(zhi)濱，莫(mo)非(fei)王(wang)臣”，它以(yi)國(guo)(guo)家最(zui)高所有權(quan)支配下的(de)(de)(de)小農經(jing)濟為基礎，外靠以(yi)專制(zhi)王(wang)權(quan)為核心的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)力量，內靠以(yi)血緣關系為紐帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)宗法(fa)關系，維護著整個(ge)封(feng)建社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治秩序和社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)穩定，構(gou)成(cheng)了(le)中國(guo)(guo)封(feng)建社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)基本特(te)點。政(zheng)(zheng)治制(zhi)度(du)上的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)建專制(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)，經(jing)濟制(zhi)度(du)上自給自足的(de)(de)(de)小農經(jing)濟制(zhi)度(du)哺育了(le)中國(guo)(guo)根深(shen)蒂固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)臣民(min)文化，近代以(yi)來它在理(li)論層面(mian)已(yi)經(jing)基本被(bei)拋棄，文化上也曾經(jing)遭到激烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)批判(pan)（例(li)如“五(wu)四”新(xin)運(yun)動）,但是(shi)(shi)仍然是(shi)(shi)民(min)族心理(li)特(te)征，并且以(yi)改頭換面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)形式或者(zhe)更加貌似革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)形式（例(li)如“”十年在革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)旗號下封(feng)建主義(yi)復(fu)活）頑固(gu)地存(cun)留和體現(xian)在現(xian)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治理(li)念(nian)、政(zheng)(zheng)治制(zhi)度(du)和政(zheng)(zheng)治行(xing)為中，還(huan)如同影子(zi)一(yi)般伴隨著國(guo)(guo)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)生活：

一、中華民族(zu)傳統與文(wen)化發(fa)展動力

中華(hua)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自古以來就是多民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)融合(he)匯聚、共同(tong)(tong)創造、不(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)文化(hua)共同(tong)(tong)體。中華(hua)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)文化(hua)博大精深、源遠流長，在(zai)世界大河文明中是惟一賡續(xu)綿延數(shu)千年，至今(jin)不(bu)衰(shuai)的(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)文化(hua)。走遍天下，無(wu)論在(zai)哪(na)里(li)，“中華(hua)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)”這一名稱定能喚(huan)起炎黃子孫強(qiang)烈的(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)文化(hua)歸屬感、認同(tong)(tong)感和自豪感。中華(hua)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)文化(hua)傳統，亙歷千載環袤五洲，依然顯現著(zhu)其強(qiang)大的(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)凝聚力，蘊積著(zhu)強(qiang)盛(sheng)的(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)文化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)動力。

民族文(wen)化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)動力(li)表現出三個主要特征，即對(dui)自(zi)身文(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳統的(de)繼承發展(zhan)、借鑒吸收外來(lai)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)并進行適(shi)應本(ben)體文(wen)化(hua)(hua)需要的(de)選擇和汲(ji)取、以及順應時(shi)代(dai)和社會(hui)發展(zhan)要求而進行的(de)會(hui)通創新，這三者又是密(mi)不可分的(de)同(tong)步過程。

1、中(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)的(de)文(wen)化傳統與凝(ning)聚力

一(yi)個(ge)民(min)族(zu)(zu)的文化傳統(tong)體現(xian)為(wei)其民(min)族(zu)(zu)精(jing)神。“文化傳統(tong)是不死的民(min)族(zu)(zu)魂。它產生(sheng)于民(min)族(zu)(zu)的歷代生(sheng)活，成長(chang)于民(min)族(zu)(zu)的重復實踐(jian)，形成為(wei)民(min)族(zu)(zu)的集(ji)體意識和(he)集(ji)體無意識。簡單說來，文化傳統(tong)就是民(min)族(zu)(zu)精(jing)神。”(3)

1997年(nian)11月1日在哈佛大學的(de)(de)(de)演講中說(shuo)：“陽光包含七種(zhong)色彩，世界(jie)也(ye)是異彩紛呈。每個國(guo)家(jia)、每個民(min)族(zu)都有自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)文化(hua)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)，都有自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)長處(chu)和優勢，應該相互(hu)尊重，相互(hu)學習(xi)，取(qu)長補短，共同進步。”他講到中國(guo)優秀的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)文化(hua)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)主要有團(tuan)結統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)、獨立(li)自(zi)主、愛好和平(ping)、自(zi)強不(bu)息(xi)等，“一(yi)(yi)(yi)是團(tuan)結統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)。中華民(min)族(zu)是由(you)五(wu)十六個民(min)族(zu)組成的(de)(de)(de)大家(jia)庭。從遙(yao)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)古代起，我國(guo)各(ge)族(zu)人(ren)民(min)就(jiu)建立(li)了(le)緊密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)政治經(jing)濟文化(hua)聯系(xi)(xi)，共同開發了(le)祖國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)河(he)山(shan)，兩千多年(nian)前就(jiu)形成了(le)幅員廣闊的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)家(jia)。悠久的(de)(de)(de)中華文化(hua)，成為維系(xi)(xi)民(min)族(zu)團(tuan)結和國(guo)家(jia)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)牢固(gu)紐帶(dai)。”

農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)精神(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)需(xu)(xu)求如(ru)(ru)何、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)建設(she)得如(ru)(ru)何，事關(guan)(guan)農(nong)民(min)(min)思想道德和文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)素質的(de)(de)提高，事關(guan)(guan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全(quan)面(mian)小(xiao)康(kang)社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)實現，事關(guan)(guan)和諧社(she)(she)會(hui)在農(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)構建。中(zhong)國鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)在新世紀面(mian)臨全(quan)新的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)遇(yu)。黨的(de)(de)十六(liu)(liu)大提出(chu)的(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)建設(she)小(xiao)康(kang)社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)奮斗目標(biao)為鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)注(zhu)入了新的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)動(dong)力(li)，也使鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)建設(she)成為全(quan)面(mian)小(xiao)康(kang)的(de)(de)重要(yao)指標(biao)之一。黨的(de)(de)十六(liu)(liu)屆四中(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)提出(chu)構建和諧社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)任務(wu)，為鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)辟了廣闊(kuo)空(kong)間。黨的(de)(de)十六(liu)(liu)屆五(wu)中(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)提出(chu)“建設(she)社(she)(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)”的(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)任務(wu)，要(yao)求“生產(chan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、生活寬裕、鄉(xiang)(xiang)風文(wen)(wen)(wen)明、村(cun)(cun)容整(zheng)潔、管理民(min)(min)主(zhu)”，著力(li)“培養有文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、懂技術、會(hui)經營(ying)的(de)(de)新型農(nong)民(min)(min)，提高農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)素質，通過農(nong)民(min)(min)辛勤勞動(dong)和國家(jia)政策扶持(chi)，明顯(xian)改善廣大農(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)生產(chan)生活條件和整(zheng)體(ti)面(mian)貌”。社(she)(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)迫切(qie)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)現代文(wen)(wen)(wen)明的(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)融人和發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，熱切(qie)呼喚從鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)建設(she)切(qie)人，探(tan)尋新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)路徑。

由于城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加速(su)，城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差距日(ri)(ri)益(yi)拉大，鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)基礎設(she)施和公(gong)共文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)產品及其文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服務(wu)雖然(ran)在各級政(zheng)府和文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艱(jian)苦努力下(xia)有(you)(you)所改變，但尚未(wei)從(cong)根本上(shang)(shang)按照和諧社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，全(quan)面協調發(fa)展，鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)在整體上(shang)(shang)滯后于農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟發(fa)展，是(shi)(shi)不(bu)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事實(shi)(shi)。一(yi)(yi)些(xie)地(di)(di)區在推(tui)進城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)或城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)統(tong)籌發(fa)展過程(cheng)中，也因考量指標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響而(er)(er)忽視鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方甚至(zhi)只字不(bu)提鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內在聯系。我認為(wei)，沒有(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)全(quan)面滲透、全(quan)面支撐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)片面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、蹩腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)。不(bu)能從(cong)思想文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)上(shang)(shang)關心農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神需求，關注農(nong)民(min)知識(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)素質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，關切(qie)農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)承(cheng)傳(chuan)與(yu)創造，是(shi)(shi)難以從(cong)農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心性發(fa)展上(shang)(shang)表達社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)關懷(huai)和文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)責任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)方面，社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)果享有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)平(ping)等，必然(ran)進一(yi)(yi)步擴(kuo)大城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)差別，造成(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)貧困、科(ke)技貧困、智(zhi)力貧困；另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面，鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)所蘊含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大而(er)(er)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)統(tong)和文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)資源將會(hui)(hui)被忽略(lve)而(er)(er)失去文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)魅力。可以說，中國(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表，不(bu)是(shi)(shi)集中在城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)現(xian)代(dai)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型代(dai)表)，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)體現(xian)在鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。現(xian)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)加速(su)擴(kuo)張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)機(ji)日(ri)(ri)益(yi)明(ming)顯(xian)，“城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)病”日(ri)(ri)趨嚴(yan)重，向自然(ran)回歸(gui)、遠離都市(shi)(shi)、重返鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)，已成(cheng)為(wei)當(dang)今世界城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個趨勢(shi)。在這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)背景下(xia)，加速(su)發(fa)展鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)解決城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路徑之一(yi)(yi)，而(er)(er)且是(shi)(shi)保證(zheng)民(min)族文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)在全(quan)球化(hua)(hua)浪潮中不(bu)致泯滅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略(lve)舉措。

怎樣發(fa)展(zhan)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)?完全(quan)依靠政府加(jia)大投(tou)入(ru)，像城(cheng)市(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)那樣修建(jian)圖(tu)書館(guan)、群藝館(guan)、大劇院(yuan)(yuan)、電影院(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)，在現(xian)階段(duan)是很難(nan)做到(dao)的(de)(de)。最近，我們在成都一(yi)些(xie)鄉(xiang)鎮調查發(fa)現(xian)，為精簡機(ji)構(gou)裁(cai)員(yuan)，不(bu)(bu)少鄉(xiang)鎮文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)站(zhan)被合(he)并，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)站(zhan)工作(zuo)人員(yuan)也被裁(cai)了，公共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)設(she)(she)(she)施不(bu)(bu)夠健全(quan)，有的(de)(de)鎮電影院(yuan)(yuan)成了危房。我們相信，隨著國(guo)民(min)經濟的(de)(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan)，綜合(he)國(guo)力(li)(li)大幅度提升(sheng)，在完善城(cheng)市(shi)公共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)施的(de)(de)同時，國(guo)家將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)加(jia)大農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)投(tou)入(ru)，徹底(di)改(gai)(gai)善和提高農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生活質(zhi)(zhi)量。但在目前國(guo)家對農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)投(tou)入(ru)較少的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，我認(ren)為，絕不(bu)(bu)能(neng)“等(deng)靠要”，而(er)應抓住國(guo)家加(jia)速發(fa)展(zhan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)戰略機(ji)遇，積極推動(dong)(dong)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)走上產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路，利用(yong)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)源優勢，改(gai)(gai)變(bian)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)格局，把豐富多彩的(de)(de)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)源轉(zhuan)變(bian)為文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)本。鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)傳統(tong)第一(yi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(種(zhong)植業(ye)(ye)、畜牧業(ye)(ye)等(deng))的(de)(de)經營觀(guan)念和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)格局，擴展(zhan)農(nong)民(min)職業(ye)(ye)內涵，農(nong)民(min)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以耕田種(zhong)地，而(er)且可(ke)以從事(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)旅游、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務、民(min)間工藝加(jia)工、民(min)俗(su)風情(qing)演展(zhan)等(deng)第三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，使(shi)農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)身(shen)份發(fa)生深刻變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。這不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以豐富鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生活，提高農(nong)民(min)勞動(dong)(dong)素質(zhi)(zhi)，調整和優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)，增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)民(min)收入(ru)，增(zeng)強鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)市(shi)場(chang)競爭(zheng)力(li)(li)，而(er)且將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)推動(dong)(dong)社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)和和諧(xie)社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)全(quan)面發(fa)展(zhan)。

文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產業在(zai)鄉村(cun)(cun)的(de)發展(zhan)和(he)壯大(da)，是富有超前戰略意識的(de)舉措(cuo)。中國(guo)鄉村(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)資源異(yi)常豐富，從總體上審視，是尚未開墾的(de)處女地。承載千(qian)百年(nian)歷史文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)積(ji)淀的(de)鄉村(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，顯(xian)示出(chu)(chu)無比誘人(ren)的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)韻味。它(ta)與現代(dai)城市文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)形成(cheng)了強烈反(fan)差和(he)對比。這(zhe)正是鄉村(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)吸(xi)引城市市民和(he)異(yi)地游人(ren)的(de)地方(fang)。如果我(wo)們在(zai)地域性、個別性、差別化(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)面整(zheng)合鄉村(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)資源，予以優化(hua)(hua)(hua)配置，就能(neng)形成(cheng)市場(chang)競(jing)爭力(li)和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)競(jing)爭力(li)，打造出(chu)(chu)獨特文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)品牌。

中國鄉村的(de)(de)歷(li)史變遷、歷(li)史人(ren)物、神話傳統(tong)、民(min)(min)(min)間故事(shi)、民(min)(min)(min)間藝(yi)術(shu)、民(min)(min)(min)間工藝(yi)、能工巧匠、競技游(you)藝(yi)、民(min)(min)(min)俗風(feng)情、村寨文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、園林藝(yi)術(shu)、民(min)(min)(min)居(ju)藝(yi)術(shu)、古(gu)鎮風(feng)貌(mao)、祠(ci)堂廟宇、鄉村教育(yu)、風(feng)味餐飲、生(sheng)活智慧(hui)等(deng)等(deng)，保(bao)存著中國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)明的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)因子，展現出極(ji)具(ju)中國傳統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)特色的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)價值和(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)魅力。我們在發(fa)展鄉村文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)時，首先應對這些(xie)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)盤(pan)點梳(shu)理，摸清家(jia)底，做(zuo)到資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)清楚(chu)，然后按照優先發(fa)展原則，對具(ju)有(you)濃厚(hou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)特色的(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)；對一般(ban)性的(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)生(sheng)長可能性的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)維(wei)持(chi)伏，不宜匆忙開發(fa)；而對那(nei)些(xie)非轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)予以有(you)力保(bao)護，絕不能破壞性開發(fa)，以確保(bao)鄉村人(ren)文(wen)(wen)生(sheng)態的(de)(de)平衡。對這三種資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)分門別(bie)類和(he)科學開發(fa)，有(you)利(li)于(yu)鄉村文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)建設和(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展，有(you)利(li)于(yu)鄉村文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)持(chi)續健康推進，有(you)利(li)于(yu)中國傳統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)傳和(he)發(fa)揚。

隨著(zhu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)科學(xue)技術(shu)、現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)傳媒信(xin)息、現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)生活方式不(bu)斷進(jin)入鄉(xiang)村，農村和(he)(he)小城鎮民(min)風的(de)(de)民(min)俗(su)正在(zai)(zai)逐漸消逝。這一方面(mian)，讓(rang)農民(min)享受到(dao)了現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)物質文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明成(cheng)果，是全社(she)會整(zheng)體(ti)進(jin)步的(de)(de)必然趨勢；另一方面(mian)，鄉(xiang)村特色(se)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)也會因民(min)俗(su)風情(qing)的(de)(de)失(shi)落失(shi)傳而(er)失(shi)去獨有(you)(you)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)意味。因此，我們在(zai)(zai)發展鄉(xiang)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)業(ye)時(shi)，應(ying)有(you)(you)意識地對富(fu)有(you)(you)地域(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)特色(se)的(de)(de)民(min)俗(su)風情(qing)進(jin)行(xing)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)性改(gai)造(zao)，吸收傳統民(min)俗(su)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)科學(xue)有(you)(you)益的(de)(de)養料，培(pei)育村民(min)們的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)承傳意識，開展民(min)俗(su)風情(qing)演藝，吸引社(she)會公眾前(qian)來參與體(ti)驗(yan)。在(zai)(zai)這一過程中(zhong)，絕(jue)不(bu)能把(ba)(ba)農村落后現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀等(deng)同于(yu)原生態文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，把(ba)(ba)原汁原味當作文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)底(di)蘊而(er)不(bu)按照現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)人的(de)(de)心(xin)性需求和(he)(he)審美觀念來加以改(gai)良(liang)改(gai)革。因此，鄉(xiang)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)業(ye)發展不(bu)是和(he)(he)盤(pan)托出(chu)某種文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資源，而(er)是按照現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)產(chan)業(ye)生產(chan)要求和(he)(he)規律，根據文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消費市場(chang)的(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，精(jing)心(xin)呵護鄉(xiang)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，精(jing)心(xin)打造(zao)鄉(xiang)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，精(jing)心(xin)發展和(he)(he)豐富(fu)鄉(xiang)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。

客家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)民系是中(zhong)國歷史上多次移民運動的產物，客家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)人經過(guo)歷代長期艱苦奮斗，使民族性格得(de)到考驗和磨煉，成為(wei)漢民族中(zhong)的一(yi)支優秀(xiu)民系，客家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)精神，諸如開拓進取、崇(chong)文重教(jiao)、崇(chong)先報本、愛(ai)國愛(ai)鄉(xiang)等等，也帶有(you)濃重的移民文化的特(te)質(zhi)，成為(wei)客家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)民系獨特(te)的生(sheng)存理念。作為(wei)中(zhong)華(hua)民族精神的重要組成部分，在客家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)民系的不斷播衍、發展中(zhong)代代相傳、發揚光大。

根(gen)據(ju)古小彬(bin)《海(hai)(hai)(hai)南客(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人(ren)》一(yi)文介(jie)紹：“與大陸僅一(yi)瓊(qiong)州海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽之隔的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)南島上，居(ju)住(zhu)著為數不少的(de)(de)客(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人(ren)，據(ju)不完全統計，現有三十多萬(wan)。主要分布在(zai)儋(dan)州、定(ding)安、三亞（原稱(cheng)崖縣）、澄邁、臨高、萬(wan)寧、陵水、文昌(chang)、瓊(qiong)中、海(hai)(hai)(hai)口等(deng)市縣。島上客(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人(ren)最(zui)早出現在(zai)宋(song)代。那時，海(hai)(hai)(hai)南島上缺牛，客(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人(ren)便從廣東省高州、雷州販牛到海(hai)(hai)(hai)南用以(yi)耕作(zuo)和(he)食用，居(ju)住(zhu)地域在(zai)古儋(dan)州客(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)村——大同村。……從宋(song)代迄今，客(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人(ren)在(zai)島上居(ju)住(zhu)已(yi)有一(yi)千多年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史。歷元、明、清、民國。自廣東、廣西、福建諸省陸續渡海(hai)(hai)(hai)居(ju)瓊(qiong)者(zhe)絡繹(yi)不絕，從而形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)支(zhi)客(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)大軍。”

由上可知，海南客家人也是(shi)移(yi)民運(yun)動的產(chan)物，那么(me)，客家精(jing)(jing)神(shen)在海南是(shi)否得以(yi)傳承和發展呢？本(ben)文(wen)試圖根(gen)據海南網(wang)站搜(sou)集到的資料，從(cong)客家精(jing)(jing)神(shen)中(zhong)開拓進取、崇文(wen)重(zhong)教、崇先報本(ben)、愛國愛鄉四個方(fang)面進行一番粗淺的探討。

一、勇于開拓進取、造(zao)就(jiu)了海南客家人。

移民(min)運動，前路遙(yao)遙(yao)、風云(yun)莫測，充滿(man)著(zhu)冒險(xian)。客(ke)(ke)家人發展(zhan)的(de)(de)歷(li)史，正(zheng)是(shi)披艱歷(li)險(xian)，頑強拼(pin)搏的(de)(de)歷(li)史。風雨(yu)磨(mo)難，鑄(zhu)就(jiu)了(le)他們百折不撓、自強不息(xi)的(de)(de)性格。“不靠(kao)親不靠(kao)戚，全(quan)憑自己長(chang)志(zhi)氣(qi)”、“人有志(zhi)，竹有節，有志(zhi)有節世(shi)上立”、“山高高不過腳板，石(shi)硬(ying)硬(ying)不過手(shou)掌”，這些諺語，正(zheng)是(shi)客(ke)(ke)家人自強不息(xi)、開(kai)拓進(jin)取(qu)的(de)(de)極好寫照。而強烈的(de)(de)開(kai)拓進(jin)取(qu)精神，正(zheng)是(shi)客(ke)(ke)家移民(min)運動得以成功的(de)(de)首先要(yao)條件。

據(ju)《渡(du)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)史(shi)概述》介紹(shao)：客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)渡(du)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)曾經出(chu)現過四次高(gao)(gao)潮。第一次高(gao)(gao)潮，起于(yu)鴉片(pian)戰爭以后(hou)，終至太(tai)平(ping)天國革命(ming)前(qian)夕。鴉片(pian)戰爭以后(hou)，由于(yu)帝國主(zhu)義列強迫(po)清政府開(kai)(kai)放廣東沿海口岸，而導(dao)致在廣東的(de)臺山(shan)、開(kai)(kai)平(ping)、新會(hui)、報寧等地的(de)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人口激增，勢力的(de)擴展，逐漸形成“土客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)相爭”，“仇客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分聲”的(de)局勢。在此(ci)種局勢的(de)威迫(po)下(xia)，該(gai)地區的(de)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人為(wei)(wei)了謀求出(chu)路，南(nan)遷渡(du)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)，來到崖(ya)縣(xian)(xian)、定(ding)安和儋(dan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)沙(sha)帽嶺(ling)（又名沙(sha)坡嶺(ling)）山(shan)麓等地開(kai)(kai)山(shan)種田，后(hou)人就把這批客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人稱為(wei)(wei)“老客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”。嗣后(hou)，到了同治三年間，因(yin)廣東西路事(shi)件（赤(chi)溪事(shi)件）及(ji)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人洪秀全領導(dao)的(de)太(tai)平(ping)天國革命(ming)失(shi)敗(bai)的(de)影響，為(wei)(wei)了避開(kai)(kai)“世亂”及(ji)“逐客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”的(de)悲劇，客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人又第二次大規模地渡(du)海來瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)，分別居住于(yu)儋(dan)縣(xian)(xian)、定(ding)安、崖(ya)縣(xian)(xian)、澄邁、臨高(gao)(gao)、萬寧、陵水、瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)中等八縣(xian)(xian)的(de)山(shan)區，前(qian)前(qian)后(hou)后(hou)一共有1萬人左右，這也是后(hou)人所稱的(de)"新客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)"。這些“老客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”、“新客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”就是當(dang)今(jin)渡(du)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)家(jia)(jia)人的(de)開(kai)(kai)山(shan)始祖。

一、引領邊(bian)境(jing)文(wen)化(hua)精神塑(su)造

邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)精(jing)(jing)(jing)神是指邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在發展(zhan)(zhan)過程中(zhong)，逐漸形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)(zhi)取向、道德(de)規范、思(si)(si)(si)維模式、倫理觀念、審美情趣(qu)(qu)、行(xing)為準則等文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳統和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)共(gong)識(shi)。邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)包含(han)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)疆民(min)族文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、域外文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、遷(qian)徙文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、農牧文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、抗(kang)爭文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、宗教文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、神秘文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)以及(ji)內地主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等多重文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)因素(su)(su)，具有(you)民(min)族性(xing)、雜糅性(xing)、開放性(xing)、兼容性(xing)等特(te)點。正是如此，邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)對自(zi)(zi)(zi)身文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)價值(zhi)(zhi)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)精(jing)(jing)(jing)神的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)和(he)(he)理解(jie)，往(wang)往(wang)隨(sui)著邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)疆政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)、經濟和(he)(he)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，處于不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)變與發展(zhan)(zhan)之中(zhong)，表現(xian)出(chu)多元的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)格局，多樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)思(si)(si)(si)潮，多變的(de)(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)(zhi)觀念，既(ji)(ji)有(you)優雅的(de)(de)(de)(de)基因也(ye)有(you)劣俗(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土壤，既(ji)(ji)有(you)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)(su)也(ye)有(you)落后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影子(zi)，既(ji)(ji)有(you)主(zhu)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容也(ye)有(you)干擾的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜音。然而(er)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)精(jing)(jing)(jing)神是民(min)族精(jing)(jing)(jing)神、科學精(jing)(jing)(jing)神和(he)(he)時代精(jing)(jing)(jing)神的(de)(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)體現(xian)，要提升(sheng)一種文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)精(jing)(jing)(jing)神，必(bi)須堅(jian)持先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方向，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)意識(shi)。當(dang)前，在中(zhong)國特(te)色社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)(zi)(zi)覺、自(zi)(zi)(zi)信、自(zi)(zi)(zi)強(qiang)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)程中(zhong)，邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)必(bi)須理性(xing)凝縮邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)地區人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)現(xian)實生活意義(yi)，廣泛凝聚邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)地區社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)共(gong)識(shi)，剝(bo)離(li)一切庸俗(su)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、媚俗(su)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、鄙俗(su)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)，努(nu)(nu)力(li)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為推(tui)動邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)地區政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)、經濟和(he)(he)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)智力(li)手段(duan)。因此，邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)必(bi)須高揚社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)先進(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)旗幟，以社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)核心價值(zhi)(zhi)觀為指導(dao)，堅(jian)持正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)方向、高雅的(de)(de)(de)(de)審美情趣(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)維方式，努(nu)(nu)力(li)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)地區興邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)富民(min)、崇(chong)德(de)敬業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)神魂魄，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)境(jing)地區各民(min)族充滿活力(li)和(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)強(qiang)不(bu)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)動力(li)源泉。

二、引(yin)領邊境文化(hua)理論創(chuang)新

要激發(fa)(fa)邊境(jing)地(di)(di)(di)區文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)創(chuang)造活(huo)力，自(zi)覺地(di)(di)(di)推動(dong)邊境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)大繁榮，就(jiu)要調動(dong)邊境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工作(zuo)者的積極性(xing)(xing)、主(zhu)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)和創(chuang)造性(xing)(xing)，加強對邊境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)本質、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)內容(rong)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)功能(neng)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產等(deng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理論問題的研(yan)究(jiu)，在(zai)邊境(jing)地(di)(di)(di)區社(she)(she)(she)會文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)各層(ceng)面中(zhong)(zhong)，深(shen)入宣傳社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)念(nian)(nian)(nian)，并(bing)在(zai)實踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)引領邊境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理論創(chuang)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。一(yi)(yi)般來說(shuo)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)包含著價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)動(dong)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)動(dong)是(shi)(shi)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)念(nian)(nian)(nian)的表現形(xing)式，價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)念(nian)(nian)(nian)是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)動(dong)的核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)內容(rong)，但是(shi)(shi)，價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都有其(qi)客觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的等(deng)級(ji)秩(zhi)序，這種等(deng)級(ji)秩(zhi)序不以人(ren)的意志為(wei)轉移，而核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)念(nian)(nian)(nian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)級(ji)體系中(zhong)(zhong)居于中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)、起主(zhu)導作(zuo)用(yong)的價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，因此，一(yi)(yi)方面要結(jie)合(he)邊境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)特(te)點(dian)，切實開展(zhan)社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理論研(yan)究(jiu)，深(shen)刻(ke)領會社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的科學性(xing)(xing)、合(he)理性(xing)(xing)和崇高性(xing)(xing)，進而通過平(ping)等(deng)、協商、對話的方式，確立社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)念(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)邊境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理論創(chuang)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)的主(zhu)導地(di)(di)(di)位(wei);另一(yi)(yi)方面要針(zhen)對邊境(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)、作(zuo)用(yong)、性(xing)(xing)質、內容(rong)等(deng)問題，以社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)念(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)精神導向，努力創(chuang)造一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)原創(chuang)性(xing)(xing)的文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理論成果，增強社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的影響力、感召力與整合(he)性(xing)(xing)。

三、引領邊境文化(hua)心(xin)理認同

邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)成(cheng)以后，在特(te)(te)定(ding)歷史時期內，會(hui)(hui)(hui)凝(ning)結成(cheng)特(te)(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)模式(shi)，發展成(cheng)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)統(tong)，而這種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)統(tong)又(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)(li)活動(dong)。邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)心(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)(li)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)統(tong)中，邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)最(zui)普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)我意識或自(zi)我理(li)(li)(li)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)(li)狀態。心(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)(li)認(ren)(ren)同是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)認(ren)(ren)識與(yu)(yu)情感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)認(ren)(ren)知(zhi)與(yu)(yu)行為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)外(wai)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想觀念移入內心(xin)(xin)并積極外(wai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)自(zi)覺行為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)輯過(guo)程(cheng)。社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀作為(wei)判斷國家、社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、個人(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非善惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本標準，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對古(gu)今中外(wai)優秀(xiu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凝(ning)煉、提(ti)升和弘揚，在邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)思(si)(si)想文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發展中，均有深(shen)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想積淀和理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)基(ji)礎，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，只有被(bei)邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)群眾普(pu)遍(bian)(bian)接受、理(li)(li)(li)解和認(ren)(ren)同，才能成(cheng)為(wei)邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)引(yin)領(ling)和價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)追求。邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)心(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)(li)認(ren)(ren)同與(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀追求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)升邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)凝(ning)聚力和向心(xin)(xin)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)和基(ji)礎，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)促進邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)政治(zhi)、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內在力量(liang)，因此，要(yao)善于利用邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀(xiu)思(si)(si)想文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資源(yuan)，提(ti)高邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)群眾對社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)同感(gan)，將(jiang)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀融入到邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)各族人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喜好(hao)與(yu)(yu)風氣(qi)、民(min)(min)約與(yu)(yu)鄉規、崇尚與(yu)(yu)禁(jin)忌等(deng)風俗習慣(guan)之中，消(xiao)除一(yi)部分人(ren)(ren)對社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拒斥心(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)(li)，為(wei)邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)各族人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)深(shen)刻理(li)(li)(li)解和真實(shi)認(ren)(ren)同，尋找到歷史與(yu)(yu)現(xian)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅實(shi)根基(ji)。在此基(ji)礎上，通(tong)過(guo)邊(bian)(bian)疆生產生活中點(dian)點(dian)滴滴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)行為(wei)，凸顯社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神(shen)實(shi)質，引(yin)領(ling)邊(bian)(bian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)政治(zhi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮(rong)發展。

1元(yuan)分析(xi)———2000-2012年間CNKI文獻檢(jian)索數據(ju)分析(xi)

1.1總體(ti)檢(jian)索(suo)情況分析

在中國知網(CNKI)上，運用(yong)高級(ji)檢(jian)索模式，將內(nei)容(rong)檢(jian)索條(tiao)(tiao)件設置為:乒乓球，將檢(jian)索控制(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)件設置為:發表時間:2000年1月1日到(dao)2012年12月31日。在運行檢(jian)索之后，共檢(jian)索到(dao)7702條(tiao)(tiao)結果。

1.1.1按(an)年度分組

按發(fa)表(biao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度分組，每一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度所(suo)發(fa)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)與(yu)“乒(ping)乓(pang)球(qiu)”相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)論文篇數如表(biao)1所(suo)示。從2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)13年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度的(de)(de)(de)文獻發(fa)表(biao)數量的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)上(shang)來看(kan)，總體上(shang)呈現上(shang)升趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)。2000至(zhi)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間是一個(ge)發(fa)展階(jie)段，文章數量基本屬于持平(ping)狀態。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)是一個(ge)拐點，2005至(zhi)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間與(yu)“乒(ping)乓(pang)球(qiu)”相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)文章數量明顯(xian)(xian)上(shang)升，到(dao)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度達到(dao)頂點，這(zhe)種情況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)，與(yu)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)北京奧運會不無關聯。奧運會的(de)(de)(de)舉(ju)辦使人(ren)們(men)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)體育(yu)(yu)、關注(zhu)國球(qiu)。作為體育(yu)(yu)工(gong)作者(zhe)會把更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)意力放在乒(ping)乓(pang)球(qiu)運動的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質、技術(shu)和精神等方面(mian)。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后出現一個(ge)明顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)下降(jiang)趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)，這(zhe)就是所(suo)謂的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)極必反，從迎接奧運會對(dui)體育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)關注(zhu)到(dao)奧運會結束之后遭遇“真空期”。2008至(zhi)2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間的(de)(de)(de)文章數量雖與(yu)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)比較稍有下降(jiang)，但是其總體趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)仍(reng)然呈現上(shang)升趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)。

1.1.2按機構分組(zu)

中國書(shu)(shu)法是(shi)一門古老而又富有生命力的(de)(de)藝術(shu)(shu)。歷經(jing)三千(qian)多年蒼桑總以不同的(de)(de)風貌反映出時(shi)代的(de)(de)精神,表現出永保(bao)青春(chun)的(de)(de)強大的(de)(de)生命力。面臨浩如(ru)煙海的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)法文(wen)化，群星璀璨的(de)(de)傳統書(shu)(shu)法藝術(shu)(shu)寶(bao)庫，如(ru)何科學銜(xian)接傳統與創(chuang)新、創(chuang)新與流行之(zhi)間的(de)(de)關系，這是(shi)書(shu)(shu)法文(wen)化發展急(ji)待解(jie)決的(de)(de)重(zhong)要課題(ti)論(lun)文(wen)。

數千年(nian)書法藝術的(de)(de)偉(wei)大生命力，在(zai)其根(gen)植于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)智慧，根(gen)植于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)化的(de)(de)產生和發展過(guo)程，根(gen)植于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)生產力發展的(de)(de)迫切(qie)需要，根(gen)植于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)文(wen)明進步的(de)(de)沃土，所以傳承(cheng)的(de)(de)本質，應從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)化尋根(gen)與發展中(zhong)(zhong)尋找答(da)案。

當中華(hua)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)還處在(zai)(zai)襁褓(bao)中時(shi)，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)萌芽狀態的書法(fa)(fa)藝(yi)術(shu)便誕(dan)生在(zai)(zai)華(hua)夏母親的搖籃里。古(gu)老中華(hua)在(zai)(zai)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)進化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初期(qi)，由(you)結繩記(ji)事(shi)的蒙昧(mei)時(shi)期(qi)到倉(cang)吉(ji)造字文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)的轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua),即根植了書法(fa)(fa)藝(yi)術(shu)驚人(ren)的智慧與靈根。據唐代(dai)張懷王灌《書斷(duan)》記(ji)載(zai)：倉(cang)吉(ji)“博采眾美(mei)，合而為(wei)(wei)字”，倉(cang)吉(ji)獨(du)具慧眼拮取自然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)造出文(wen)(wen)字，這(zhe)叫作(zuo)(zuo)“依類(lei)象(xiang)形(xing)”，東漢許慎《說文(wen)(wen)解字》把古(gu)人(ren)造字方法(fa)(fa)歸納為(wei)(wei)六(liu)種(zhong)，稱為(wei)(wei)“六(liu)書”。即象(xiang)形(xing)、指事(shi)、會意、形(xing)聲、轉(zhuan)注、假借(jie)，象(xiang)形(xing)文(wen)(wen)字象(xiang)圖畫一樣再現自然(ran)，記(ji)載(zai)自然(ran)，傳替(ti)自然(ran)信息，這(zhe)種(zhong)象(xiang)形(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)，就是(shi)中華(hua)書法(fa)(fa)藝(yi)術(shu)的美(mei)的萌芽和靈根,是(shi)先人(ren)書法(fa)(fa)美(mei)的偉(wei)大(da)創(chuang)造。

《漢(han)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)是(shi)書(shu)法(fa)藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)載體之(zhi)本源(yuan)(yuan)，象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)與會(hui)意是(shi)傳統書(shu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)本源(yuan)(yuan)，漢(han)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)以象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)、會(hui)意為(wei)特(te)色，在爾后(hou)(hou)數千(qian)年的(de)(de)(de)歷史長河中，變化(hua)(hua)萬象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，起源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)意義的(de)(de)(de)中國初期(qi)古文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)，“形(xing)(xing)無(wu)定體，筆(bi)無(wu)定畫”，至小篆經省改(gai)(gai)，才出(chu)現形(xing)(xing)體方整、筆(bi)畫圓勻的(de)(de)(de)定型(xing)化(hua)(hua)書(shu)體，但(dan)(dan)仍(reng)保留形(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)痕跡。經過(guo)漢(han)代隸書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)以后(hou)(hou)，漢(han)字(zi)(zi)由繁復的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)，趨向于(yu)符號(hao)化(hua)(hua)、抽象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)化(hua)(hua)、簡筆(bi)化(hua)(hua)，但(dan)(dan)它的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)性(xing)質依(yi)然存(cun)在，又如魯迅所說：“將形(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)改(gai)(gai)得(de)簡單，遠(yuan)離了(le)現實(shi)。篆字(zi)(zi)圓折，還有(you)圖畫的(de)(de)(de)余(yu)痕，從隸到(dao)現代的(de)(de)(de)楷書(shu)，和象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)就天(tian)(tian)差(cha)地遠(yuan)。不(bu)過(guo)那基礎(chu)并未(wei)改(gai)(gai)變，天(tian)(tian)差(cha)地遠(yuan)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，就成為(wei)不(bu)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)字(zi)(zi)。”（《門外文(wen)(wen)談》）.可見中國書(shu)法(fa)藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)無(wu)法(fa)，變而有(you)法(fa)。創新是(shi)結于(yu)有(you)，起于(yu)無(wu)，又承于(yu)有(you)，變于(yu)無(wu)。但(dan)(dan)萬變不(bu)離其(qi)綜，象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)與會(hui)意的(de)(de)(de)藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)本源(yuan)(yuan)沒(mei)有(you)變，漢(han)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)載體本源(yuan)(yuan)沒(mei)有(you)變。這是(shi)其(qi)他語言文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)所不(bu)能比擬的(de)(de)(de)。“象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)”或“不(bu)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)(xing)”，是(shi)漢(han)字(zi)(zi)最基本的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，也是(shi)繼承與發展傳統書(shu)法(fa)藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)最重要的(de)(de)(de)、最核心的(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)和規(gui)律(lv)。

那(nei)么如何(he)對待(dai)書法藝(yi)術繼承傳統與創(chuang)新(xin)的關系呢(ni)？筆者(zhe)認為：傳承和創(chuang)新(xin)是書法藝(yi)術發(fa)展(zhan)歷(li)史過程不可分割的鏈條，繼承首先是對先人書法藝(yi)術創(chuang)新(xin)精神與成果的繼承。

提(ti)倡尊崇優(you)秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，必須(xu)解決(jue)繼(ji)(ji)承(cheng)什么？如(ru)何(he)繼(ji)(ji)承(cheng)？筆者認(ren)為繼(ji)(ji)承(cheng)書(shu)法藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)優(you)秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，首先必須(xu)繼(ji)(ji)承(cheng)先賢(xian)的(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)精神和(he)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)成果(guo)，這些是先賢(xian)書(shu)法藝(yi)術(shu)智慧的(de)結(jie)晶。只求復寫傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)“傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)唯美主(zhu)義”或脫離(li)優(you)秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)”的(de)“流行(xing)主(zhu)義”對(dui)發(fa)展(zhan)書(shu)法藝(yi)術(shu)都是偏頗的(de)、畸形的(de)、是不可取的(de)，先賢(xian)探索(suo)的(de)書(shu)法藝(yi)術(shu)發(fa)展(zhan)規律和(he)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)成果(guo)是傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)書(shu)法的(de)靈魂(hun)。沒有創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)就沒有傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，優(you)秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)的(de)結(jie)晶，創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)是傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。只有深刻認(ren)識傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)書(shu)法藝(yi)術(shu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)規律，才切身感(gan)受到(dao)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)才是揭示傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)書(shu)法藝(yi)術(shu)經久不衰的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)規律的(de)精髓所在。