摘要：酒(jiu)店行業(ye)(ye)是最關注人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)行業(ye)(ye)，這里不應該只(zhi)是針對于(yu)他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顧(gu)客(ke)(ke)，對于(yu)服務這些賓客(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)感受同等重(zhong)要，員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在與賓客(ke)(ke)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)和接觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中決定著賓客(ke)(ke)體驗好壞，直接聯(lian)系著企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產經營(ying)，并(bing)且核(he)心員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對于(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)是難(nan)以被代替(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，他們所創造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值也(ye)是巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，然而隨著酒(jiu)店人(ren)才市(shi)場需求(qiu)日益(yi)增大、地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異擴大、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實力(li)、人(ren)才需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匱乏(fa)、社會競爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加劇，導致核(he)心員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)失率越來(lai)越大。這也(ye)成為(wei)飯店管(guan)理者最為(wei)關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)之一(yi)(yi)。針對于(yu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)失，本文在對名詞(ci)概念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋、員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)失原因分析、市(shi)場內外部環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上、討(tao)論企(qi)業(ye)(ye)想把(ba)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)留住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵在于(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)打造(zao)自身品牌力(li)，通過多方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)將自身建(jian)設(she)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)滿意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并(bing)愿意為(wei)之付出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。并(bing)且希望對于(yu)人(ren)力(li)資源管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究可以提供一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參考意義。

關鍵詞：酒店(dian)員(yuan)工；忠(zhong)誠度；流失(shi)(shi)率；流失(shi)(shi)原(yuan)因；員(yuan)工滿(man)意度

 一(yi)、研(yan)究(jiu)酒店員(yuan)工流(liu)失(shi)的(de)目的(de)和意義

1.問(wen)(wen)題提(ti)出(chu)飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)是(shi)指通過主(zhu)(zhu)動或非主(zhu)(zhu)動結束與飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動關系，飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)動流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)是(shi)指員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)動離開(kai)所(suo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)(dian)(dian)，也就是(shi)我們現(xian)在(zai)(zai)經(jing)(jing)常所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跳槽。飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)已經(jing)(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)普遍存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)現(xian)象。而員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)率就是(shi)在(zai)(zai)統計期(qi)(qi)內(nei)離職員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)占單位員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)總數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例(li)。根據行(xing)業(ye)內(nei)公式-員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)率=員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)人數(shu)/（期(qi)(qi)初員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人數(shu)+本(ben)(ben)期(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)加員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人數(shu)）*100%；在(zai)(zai)2012年(nian)(nian)亞(ya)太(tai)人力資(zi)(zi)源協會(hui)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)套針對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統計分(fen)析中(zhong)(zhong)定義10%-15%算是(shi)目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個合理(li)范圍，根據最(zui)新星級酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調查報告，國內(nei)超過此(ci)數(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)占比40%，研究(jiu)(jiu)數(shu)據表明酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)近些(xie)年(nian)(nian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)平均流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)24.27%，已經(jing)(jing)接(jie)近了(le)2.5倍(bei)，而且此(ci)比例(li)在(zai)(zai)逐年(nian)(nian)遞增(zeng)(zeng)，表明國內(nei)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非正(zheng)(zheng)常性，更加值得注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)率中(zhong)(zhong)占比大(da)多是(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)動流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，因(yin)此(ci)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)動流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)困(kun)擾現(xian)今酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不可忽(hu)視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題。例(li)如(ru)(ru)服(fu)務質(zhi)量下降，流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)客(ke)源，崗位空缺(que)導致(zhi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作強度(du)(du)增(zeng)(zeng)加，補(bu)充空缺(que)所(suo)需人力資(zi)(zi)源招聘(pin)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)整體提(ti)高(gao)，酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)增(zeng)(zeng)加，已經(jing)(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)妨礙酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)經(jing)(jing)營發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點因(yin)素之一(yi)(yi)，同時也是(shi)難點問(wen)(wen)題，應引(yin)起旅游管(guan)理(li)研究(jiu)(jiu)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視。2.研究(jiu)(jiu)意義飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)產(chan)品—人。正(zheng)(zheng)因(yin)如(ru)(ru)此(ci)，優(you)秀員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈魂。隨著(zhu)市場競爭(zheng)日益(yi)激烈化，部分(fen)獨具慧眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)者發(fa)(fa)現(xian)，技術、產(chan)品創新、硬件提(ti)高(gao)等傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)優(you)勢正(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)被優(you)秀員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)代替，并且慢(man)慢(man)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)核(he)心(xin)競爭(zheng)力。但還沒有(you)找到有(you)效抑制員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法，因(yin)此(ci)了(le)解酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)現(xian)狀，揭示員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)對(dui)飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，并發(fa)(fa)現(xian)及尋找有(you)效對(dui)策成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)文的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)方向。3.論文視角(jiao)本(ben)(ben)文在(zai)(zai)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立場上，從管(guan)理(li)學角(jiao)度(du)(du)，探(tan)討因(yin)培訓、晉升(sheng)、薪酬(chou)等相關制度(du)(du)而導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)動流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)，提(ti)出(chu)相對(dui)于(yu)對(dui)策。通過適當(dang)調整酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可控(kong)因(yin)素，適當(dang)減(jian)少及控(kong)制員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)。尤其是(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)優(you)質(zhi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)保證從長遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運營管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)利于(yu)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。

二、中小型酒店員工流失(shi)現(xian)象及特(te)點

1.酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)率(lv)問(wen)題現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀我們(men)(men)(men)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)需(xu)(xu)要引起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀——酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匱乏，不(bu)(bu)(bu)論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)儲備(bei)都存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大量(liang)(liang)缺口。現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)問(wen)題是(shi)(shi)(shi)目前酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)跳(tiao)槽現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)較(jiao)普(pu)遍，而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)被其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)挖走一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面，酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)保證賓客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿意度需(xu)(xu)要大量(liang)(liang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)(cheng)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)，酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)辛苦(ku)培訓歷(li)(li)練出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)式(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無(wu)法(fa)留(liu)住，人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)。2.酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)特點（1）酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結合(he)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相(xiang)比(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)以下(xia)特點酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)普(pu)遍比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。受(shou)(shou)多方(fang)(fang)面因(yin)(yin)(yin)素影響，包括：①酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相(xiang)關技(ji)能(neng)容易滲透到(dao)(dao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)較(jiao)容易轉到(dao)(dao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)相(xiang)關服務(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。②酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)部分簡單工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種且(qie)(qie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要求經驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崗位(wei)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此臨時(shi)(shi)及過渡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)比(bi)例(li)。③酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)質有(you)(you)(you)(you)別于(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般非特殊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，例(li)如(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)長(chang)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)規律，無(wu)法(fa)選(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)(zai)正(zheng)常公休日休息，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此影響員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)常生(sheng)活。④在(zai)(zai)(zai)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)理(li)(li)解(jie)，對服務(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)誤解(jie)。（2）酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)集(ji)體流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)擴張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)集(ji)體流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情況，具體體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)新(xin)(xin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)前期會(hui)(hui)(hui)挖走某酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)或若干(gan)(gan)位(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)層管理(li)(li)者，而(er)(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)層管理(li)(li)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離開(kai)(kai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)隨之帶(dai)走麾下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)層管理(li)(li)者及相(xiang)關骨干(gan)(gan)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，幫(bang)助(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穩定(ding)(ding)他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)所管理(li)(li)之新(xin)(xin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運營(ying)。此現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)前后(hou)，周(zhou)邊(bian)同(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)很大風險經歷(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)別酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)用相(xiang)對較(jiao)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)吸引及挖掘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)——高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亂象(xiang)(xiang)，從(cong)(cong)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)角(jiao)度解(jie)釋，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)利益驅使的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代，酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)歡迎接收這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)集(ji)體跳(tiao)槽者，甚至酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)前招聘酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)層管理(li)(li)者時(shi)(shi)鼓勵他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)能(neng)夠(gou)直接將他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)團隊帶(dai)來而(er)(er)(er)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)聘競爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)所帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)團隊有(you)(you)(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經驗(yan)及嫻(xian)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)能(neng)。酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)減少(shao)了(le)(le)(le)大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)初期能(neng)保證一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)水準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)質量(liang)(liang)。但(dan)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)層面這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)體跳(tiao)槽加劇了(le)(le)(le)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非正(zheng)常人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)競爭(zheng)(zheng)，而(er)(er)(er)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來講過快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增幅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規劃(hua)起(qi)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)負面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)法(fa)科學合(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計劃(hua)未(wei)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晉升(sheng)。（3）學歷(li)(li)導(dao)致酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)想(xiang)要往更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)發(fa)展必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)能(neng)和(he)管理(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)但(dan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要結合(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學歷(li)(li)提升(sheng)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)符合(he)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此年輕員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)們(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)后(hou)經過了(le)(le)(le)1年-3年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)后(hou)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)很大一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分會(hui)(hui)(hui)選(xuan)擇繼續深造(zao)，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)專(zhuan)注地(di)繼續深造(zao)學習大多選(xuan)擇脫產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼續教(jiao)育。員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經過2年-4年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學習中(zhong)，思想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)和(he)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)環境發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響會(hui)(hui)(hui)給自(zi)己規劃(hua)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)軌跡(ji)和(he)建立新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)目標(biao)，而(er)(er)(er)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)比(bi)尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟飛(fei)速發(fa)展所衍生(sheng)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)興行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)及人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)對自(zi)身價值和(he)大膽(dan)追逐理(li)(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)放思想(xiang)慢慢解(jie)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢中(zhong)缺乏一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)忠誠度。（4）酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)向(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)普(pu)遍酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對外(wai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)，酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)打造(zao)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)形象(xiang)(xiang)好、高(gao)(gao)(gao)學歷(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)能(neng)力(li)強等多方(fang)(fang)面突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)類(lei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)受(shou)(shou)外(wai)企公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青睞(lai)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。第二，旅游業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)門類(lei)廣包羅(luo)萬象(xiang)(xiang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)所提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崗位(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)管是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)薪資(zi)待遇(yu)或工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)鮮度都會(hui)(hui)(hui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)降低門檻吸引其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)到(dao)(dao)來，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)旅游這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大類(lei)層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭(zheng)(zheng)。第三(san)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)端和(he)極致，而(er)(er)(er)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)與飯店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)相(xiang)近體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)看(kan)中(zhong)了(le)(le)(le)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)，類(lei)似房地(di)產(chan)、奢侈品等行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大量(liang)(liang)吸引著酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)類(lei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)服務(wu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)共(gong)通性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

人力(li)資源(yuan)已逐漸成為(wei)組織發展的“第(di)一要素”。降(jiang)低員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)流失(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv),保留企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)核(he)心員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)是人力(li)資源(yuan)管(guan)理者必須重點關注的事情。合理的流失(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)有利于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)保持活(huo)力(li),但如果流失(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)過(guo)高,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)將蒙受直接損失(shi)(shi),并影(ying)響到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)作的連(lian)續性(xing)、工(gong)(gong)作質(zhi)量和其(qi)他人員(yuan)的穩定性(xing)。

加強(qiang)人員流失(shi)管理(li)機制建設

1.健(jian)全跟(gen)蹤(zong)預警機制

跟蹤預警(jing)機制是(shi)指通過(guo)人員流失統(tong)計,實時掌握人員流失實況,當(dang)達到“預警(jing)線(xian)”時,及時采取針對性的措施。

在(zai)建立預警機制時(shi)(shi)要(yao)注意(yi)三(san)個關(guan)鍵點(dian)(dian),一(yi)是統(tong)計時(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)設(she)置(zhi)。在(zai)正(zheng)常情況下(xia),統(tong)計時(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)為(wei)月末,一(yi)個月統(tong)計匯總一(yi)次即可(ke)。但在(zai)特殊或異(yi)常情況下(xia),統(tong)計期(qi)限要(yao)縮短(duan),時(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)前移。也可(ke)配套(tao)地(di)使用異(yi)常情況上報(bao)機制。如(ru)將員工思想情緒異(yi)動、行為(wei)異(yi)動、流失動態增加(jia)、員工關(guan)系緊張等用工異(yi)常狀(zhuang)況納入及時(shi)(shi)上報(bao)范圍等。

二是預警線的設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)。預警線設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)合理,可根據企業的往(wang)年平均(jun)(jun)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)、企業所在勞動力市場的平均(jun)(jun)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)率或企業管理要(yao)求來設(she)定(ding)。預警線還可設(she)定(ding)為同行業、單(dan)位間對(dui)比,對(dui)于加油站(zhan)來說,可以增設(she)超出同區域、同類(lei)型(xing)加油站(zhan)的平均(jun)(jun)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)率為預警線。

摘(zhai)要：中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在我(wo)國的社會經(jing)濟發展中(zhong)(zhong)占有(you)重要地位(wei)，發揮著(zhu)大(da)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)難(nan)以取(qu)代的作(zuo)用。中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)我(wo)國國民經(jing)濟的重要組成部分，同樣也處在改革與發展的關鍵時期。但是人才流失卻阻(zu)礙著(zhu)我(wo)國中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的發展。本文討論了中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)員工(gong)流失的特點及人力資源管理現狀，并(bing)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)員工(gong)流失的原因進行了分析(xi)。

關鍵詞：中小企業(ye)；員工流失；特點；原因

一、中小企業員工流失的特點

我(wo)國的中(zhong)小企(qi)業由于(yu)社(she)會、歷史和自身等(deng)諸多方面的原因，使得其(qi)地位、環境、條(tiao)件和實力在(zai)競爭中(zhong)均處于(yu)弱勢(shi)地位，同時(shi)一些人(ren)才在(zai)企(qi)業中(zhong)也難以發(fa)揮自己(ji)的全(quan)部才能(neng)。因而，人(ren)才流失現象相當嚴重，給企(qi)業帶來了不可(ke)估(gu)量的損失。

在(zai)流(liu)(liu)失的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才(cai)中大部分流(liu)(liu)入了外企(qi)或(huo)合資企(qi)業(ye)。其(qi)中，較大比例是中基層管理人(ren)員(yuan)和專業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)，他們具有特有的(de)(de)(de)專長(chang)，有管理經驗，是企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)中堅力(li)量。某大學社會(hui)學系對國(guo)內62家民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)所做調查也發現，民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)中高(gao)層次人(ren)才(cai)及科技(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)工作年齡普遍較短(duan)，一般為(wei)2-3年，其(qi)中最(zui)(zui)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)僅為(wei)50天，最(zui)(zui)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)也不(bu)過5年。人(ren)才(cai)流(liu)(liu)失已取(qu)代融資困難、配套服(fu)務跟(gen)不(bu)上等問題而成(cheng)為(wei)制(zhi)約我國(guo)中小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)發展的(de)(de)(de)瓶(ping)頸。

二、中(zhong)小企業人(ren)力(li)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理現狀(zhuang)

摘(zhai)要：知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)經濟(ji)時代的來臨(lin)凸現了(le)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)型員(yuan)工(gong)的重要性。由于(yu)種種原(yuan)因，中(zhong)(zhong)小民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業對知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)型員(yuan)工(gong)沒有(you)足夠的吸引力，過高的知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)型員(yuan)工(gong)流失率制約了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)小型民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業競爭力的提(ti)升。如何降(jiang)低知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)型員(yuan)工(gong)的流失率已成為中(zhong)(zhong)小民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業發(fa)展(zhan)壯大(da)的當務之急(ji)。

關鍵詞：民營企業；知識型(xing)員工；工作滿意度

一、中(zhong)小(xiao)民營(ying)企業(ye)中(zhong)知識型員工(gong)流失的(de)原(yuan)因

（一）外部(bu)環(huan)境因(yin)素

外(wai)(wai)部(bu)環境因(yin)素主要包括人(ren)才(cai)市(shi)場(chang)、國(guo)家和(he)地(di)區的(de)(de)產(chan)業結(jie)構、國(guo)家和(he)地(di)區經濟發展(zhan)狀況等。人(ren)才(cai)市(shi)場(chang)是(shi)人(ren)才(cai)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)直接環境。當失(shi)(shi)業率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)上(shang)升(sheng)時，流(liu)失(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)降低；而當失(shi)(shi)業率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)降低時，流(liu)失(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)上(shang)升(sheng)。另外(wai)(wai)，我們還應(ying)該從人(ren)才(cai)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)寬裕(yu)度(du)、不(bu)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)和(he)復(fu)雜性(xing)(xing)三個(ge)方面(mian)來考慮人(ren)才(cai)市(shi)場(chang)對知識型員工流(liu)失(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)影響。寬裕(yu)度(du)指(zhi)工作空缺率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)與非就業率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)比(bi)值。不(bu)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)指(zhi)人(ren)才(cai)市(shi)場(chang)不(bu)可預測的(de)(de)變化率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。復(fu)雜性(xing)(xing)指(zhi)人(ren)才(cai)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)成分、結(jie)構的(de)(de)異質(zhi)性(xing)(xing)，個(ge)體的(de)(de)差異性(xing)(xing)等。寬裕(yu)度(du)、不(bu)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)和(he)復(fu)雜性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)組合，會產(chan)生六種不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)人(ren)才(cai)市(shi)場(chang)環境和(he)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。

產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構對(dui)(dui)中小民營(ying)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)知(zhi)識型(xing)員(yuan)工(gong)流(liu)失的(de)影響還在于(yu)(yu)：一(yi)(yi)是產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構的(de)調整(zheng)會使(shi)得知(zhi)識型(xing)員(yuan)工(gong)從一(yi)(yi)個產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)轉向(xiang)另一(yi)(yi)個產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)；二是新興(xing)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)出現，使(shi)得其(qi)他(ta)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)知(zhi)識型(xing)員(yuan)工(gong)流(liu)失而(er)進(jin)入(ru)該產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)。由于(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構的(de)調整(zheng)與扶持受(shou)到國(guo)家(jia)的(de)宏(hong)觀干(gan)預，因而(er)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構對(dui)(dui)知(zhi)識型(xing)員(yuan)工(gong)流(liu)動的(de)影響受(shou)到國(guo)家(jia)政策(ce)的(de)影響。

摘要：本文是(shi)作者讀書思考的(de)心得，簡要地說明(ming)在(zai)當前全球金融(rong)危機(ji)下國內外企業(ye)一系列對待員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)錯誤做法(fa)，指出(chu)做法(fa)的(de)危害，點(dian)出(chu)其本質(zhi)就是(shi)不(bu)面對現實、不(bu)負(fu)責任。在(zai)此(ci)基礎上(shang)(shang)借(jie)鑒(jian)世界上(shang)(shang)跨國企業(ye)CEO的(de)一些做法(fa)，指出(chu)企業(ye)管理(li)者應(ying)該負(fu)起責任，合理(li)控制人(ren)才流(liu)失，留住(zhu)人(ren)才讓企業(ye)順利走出(chu)低(di)谷。

關鍵詞:流失率；全面裁員；防范機制；無邊界(jie)服(fu)務。

當前(qian)正處于(yu)金融危機嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響中，我國特別是南方外(wai)向型經(jing)濟實體受到嚴(yan)重(zhong)沖(chong)擊。近期屢見報(bao)端的農(nong)民(min)工提(ti)前(qian)返鄉(xiang)，國際(ji)跨國企業大面(mian)積裁(cai)員(yuan)，當危機到來(lai)時(shi)(shi)企業的慣性做法(fa)就是裁(cai)員(yuan)增效或者凍結員(yuan)工的工資。因此我們(men)有必要探討一下(xia)此類做法(fa)是否可(ke)取，就目(mu)前(qian)的效果造成(cheng)人心(xin)惶惶，讓人看不到未來(lai)，使人失去了(le)信(xin)心(xin)（此時(shi)(shi)信(xin)心(xin)比黃金還要貴——語），致(zhi)使一批極(ji)為優秀的人才流失。

本人在與企(qi)業(ye)(ye)接(jie)觸時也了解(jie)(jie)到諸如(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)問題，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)辛辛苦苦地(di)投(tou)巨資(zi)對員工進(jin)行培(pei)訓，可適(shi)得(de)其(qi)反，其(qi)結(jie)果往往是“賠了夫人又折兵(bing)”，成了為(wei)他人做(zuo)嫁衣了面對此(ci)(ci)類(lei)困(kun)惑作(zuo)為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)者應該怎(zen)樣看待呢(ni)？我這里有一(yi)(yi)組(zu)數據，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)流(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)率(lv)為(wei)5—10%而服務(wu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)如(ru)(ru)旅(lv)游酒店業(ye)(ye)實(shi)際(ji)為(wei)23.9%，最高達45%。近(jin)年來呈現流(liu)(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)常態(tai)化，流(liu)(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)頻率(lv)加快(kuai)和(he)人才集體化流(liu)(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)，特(te)別表現高級管(guan)理(li)人才流(liu)(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)加劇。如(ru)(ru)何破解(jie)(jie)困(kun)惑呢(ni)?俗話說“他山之石(shi)可以攻玉(yu)”讓我們借(jie)鑒一(yi)(yi)下世界(jie)上(shang)最偉(wei)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)美國GE公司的(de)(de)(de)CEO杰克.韋爾奇(qi)、管(guan)理(li)大(da)師彼得(de).德魯克的(de)(de)(de)思想和(he)做(zuo)法結(jie)合(he)我們的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)情況創出(chu)一(yi)(yi)條兼顧(gu)公平和(he)效益的(de)(de)(de)路子來。

企(qi)(qi)(qi)業常見的做法之一是(shi)全面裁員或者凍結(jie)(jie)工資(zi)。動輒就(jiu)裁員10%甚至更多，往往是(shi)一刀切，不(bu)加區別(bie)致使優秀管理人(ren)才(cai)(cai)流失，即使留下的也人(ren)人(ren)思保(bao)，給企(qi)(qi)(qi)業留下極大的隱患。凍結(jie)(jie)工資(zi)則嚴重影響員工的士氣，勞動效(xiao)率(lv)直(zhi)線下降。以上做法是(shi)建立在“有難同當(dang)”的思想(xiang)基礎之上，這(zhe)不(bu)是(shi)直(zhi)面現實的態度，而且沒有對不(bu)同“人(ren)員和(he)部門區別(bie)對待(dai)”這(zhe)是(shi)不(bu)公平的，是(shi)不(bu)負責任的。此(ci)類做法只能致使企(qi)(qi)(qi)業人(ren)才(cai)(cai)流失率(lv)加劇，極不(bu)利于(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業未來的可持續發展。

企(qi)(qi)(qi)業常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法之二是(shi)實行(xing)終身制(zhi)。諸如日本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)司(si)(si)和(he)中國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)有企(qi)(qi)(qi)業，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)和(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業之間存在著(zhu)隱(yin)形合(he)同(tong)，這(zhe)一做法使員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)和(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業牢牢困(kun)在一起，看似充滿人情(qing)味(wei)，實則帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果(guo)是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)流(liu)失率(lv)幾乎為零(ling)，結果(guo)官僚作風盛(sheng)行(xing)，人浮于(yu)(yu)事(shi)，效率(lv)低(di)下(xia)，機構臃腫，缺乏創(chuang)新意識，如死水一潭。人們恰恰忘(wang)記(ji)了(le)在市場經濟中給(gei)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)發工(gong)(gong)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)滿意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶，而不是(shi)公(gong)司(si)(si)。隨著(zhu)經濟危機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到來(lai)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)也有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不確定性，市場會(hui)無情(qing)地擊碎(sui)這(zhe)種隱(yin)性合(he)同(tong)，使員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)瞬間陷入失業困(kun)窘。采取這(zhe)種做法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業走(zou)進了(le)一條死胡同(tong)，到頭來(lai)只有死路一條。

摘要：文章首(shou)先指出目前(qian)知識型員(yuan)工流(liu)失率高的現(xian)狀，接著分析了這一(yi)問題導致企(qi)(qi)業(ye)創新人才匱乏(fa)、給(gei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)帶來巨大的成本(ben)、使企(qi)(qi)業(ye)人力資本(ben)嚴(yan)重流(liu)失等后果。

關鍵詞：知識(shi)型員(yuan)工流失率(lv)后果

目(mu)前(qian)我國高(gao)(gao)科技企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)大多(duo)遭遇這樣(yang)的(de)困擾，一方(fang)面，由于企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)知識的(de)創造、傳播和利用(yong)都有(you)賴于知識型(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工來實現，知識型(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工成(cheng)為企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)最有(you)價值的(de)資產；另一方(fang)面，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)知識型(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工流失(shi)率又居(ju)高(gao)(gao)不(bu)下，那么知識型(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)高(gao)(gao)流失(shi)率給(gei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)帶來怎樣(yang)的(de)后果，本文擬(ni)對此進(jin)行(xing)剖析，以期對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)有(you)效管理(li)知識型(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工提供借鑒。

一、知識型員工高流失率現狀

人才(cai)稀缺與日益增長的(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)需求(qiu)，使知(zhi)識(shi)型(xing)(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)面臨多種流(liu)(liu)動(dong)誘因和(he)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)機會，知(zhi)識(shi)型(xing)(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)流(liu)(liu)失率已成(cheng)為困擾大多數(shu)高(gao)(gao)科技(ji)(ji)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)問(wen)題。一次針對(dui)北京(jing)、濟南、青(qing)島3個(ge)城(cheng)市小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)高(gao)(gao)科技(ji)(ji)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)卷(juan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)表明，在(zai)被調(diao)(diao)查(cha)的(de)(de)(de)開業(ye)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)公司(si)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)同(tong)一企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)作3年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)51.55％，1年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)31.80％,1年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)6.65％。其中(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)一公司(si)工(gong)(gong)作3年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)總員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)44．45％。國家科委曾對(dui)188個(ge)高(gao)(gao)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)項目承擔單位(wei)(wei)(wei)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)，結(jie)果發(fa)(fa)現有(you)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)失的(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)147個(ge)，占(zhan)(zhan)78.2％；從(cong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)齡(ling)結(jie)構(gou)看(kan)，35歲(sui)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)成(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)共5532人，流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)1135人，占(zhan)(zhan)20.5％；35歲(sui)至(zhi)45歲(sui)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)比(bi)例最小(xiao)，只占(zhan)(zhan)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)12.3％；從(cong)職稱看(kan)，在(zai)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)，具(ju)有(you)高(gao)(gao)級職稱的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)74.6％，在(zai)流(liu)(liu)入人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)是具(ju)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)、初級職稱者(zhe)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)35.1％和(he)34.5％；從(cong)學(xue)(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)看(kan)，在(zai)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)，具(ju)有(you)碩土及碩土以(yi)(yi)上學(xue)(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)54．65％，具(ju)有(you)學(xue)(xue)土學(xue)(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)29.4％。在(zai)知(zhi)識(shi)型(xing)(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)比(bi)較集中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)IT行業(ye)，有(you)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)顯示，超過八成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)對(dui)自己所在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)沒有(you)好(hao)感，如果能夠有(you)更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)薪水(shui)和(he)更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)職位(wei)(wei)(wei)，近六成(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)隨時準備跳槽。這些數(shu)據表明知(zhi)識(shi)型(xing)(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)流(liu)(liu)失率成(cheng)為制約企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)瓶頸(jing)。

二、知識型員(yuan)工高流失率對企業的影響

編者(zhe)按(an)：本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)文主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)從員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)；員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)(jian)接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)；構建公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)內(nei)部環境；創建以人(ren)(ren)(ren)為本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)文化；拓展(zhan)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)涯(ya)，為員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)提供方(fang)向進(jin)行講述(shu)。其中，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括：員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)招(zhao)聘(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括：招(zhao)聘(pin)準(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，篩選簡歷，面試成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，錄用準(zhun)備(bei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，辦理錄用手(shou)續等成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、培(pei)(pei)訓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括：崗前培(pei)(pei)訓準(zhun)備(bei)，培(pei)(pei)訓資料，培(pei)(pei)訓管(guan)理成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)等、內(nei)部員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)填補空缺成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括：內(nei)部員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)填補空缺成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)額(e)外加班(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，主(zhu)管(guan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)協(xie)調完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)空缺崗位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)等、新員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)適應工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗位(wei)期間(jian)(jian)(jian)所(suo)付出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗位(wei)上，要(yao)(yao)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)適應期，而在這個(ge)期間(jian)(jian)(jian)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司仍需(xu)支付工(gong)(gong)(gong)資，這無疑增大了(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)團(tuan)隊士氣渙散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)后備(bei)力量不足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)核心機密(mi)泄露的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)聲譽(yu)被破壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、報酬系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)、績效考核的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)、選拔機會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)、一(yi)個(ge)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)想得到(dao)長(chang)久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),必(bi)須確(que)立(li)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)高于一(yi)切”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值觀(guan)、為員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)提供方(fang)向開展(zhan)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)涯(ya)管(guan)理，可以使(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)尤(you)其是知識型員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)看(kan)到(dao)自己(ji)在企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)道(dao)路、員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)離職(zhi)(zhi)給企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害：不利(li)于離職(zhi)(zhi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)繼任員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)交(jiao)接(jie)、加大員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)離職(zhi)(zhi)后對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負面評(ping)價(jia)、如果矛盾激(ji)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，還有(you)可能(neng)給企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)帶(dai)來訴訟(song)等，具體材料請詳見：

所(suo)謂員工(gong)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指組織(zhi)不(bu)愿意(yi)而(er)(er)員工(gong)個人卻愿意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)愿流(liu)出。這(zhe)種(zhong)流(liu)出方式對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)來講是(shi)(shi)(shi)被動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，組織(zhi)不(bu)希望出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員工(gong)流(liu)出往往給企(qi)業(ye)帶來特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)(shi)。員工(gong)辭職(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利，但(dan)由于(yu)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)有(you)害(hai)，企(qi)業(ye)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)要設(she)法(fa)控(kong)(kong)制和挽留，至(zhi)少要避(bi)免這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象經(jing)(jing)常發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。按照員工(gong)與企(qi)業(ye)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隸屬關系(xi)來劃分，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)員工(gong)與企(qi)業(ye)徹底脫(tuo)離(li)工(gong)資(zi)關系(xi)或者說員工(gong)與企(qi)業(ye)脫(tuo)離(li)任何(he)法(fa)律承認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)契約(yue)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程，如(ru)辭職(zhi)(zhi)、自(zi)動離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)；另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指員工(gong)雖(sui)然(ran)未與企(qi)業(ye)結束(shu)契約(yue)關系(xi)，但(dan)客觀上已(yi)經(jing)(jing)構成離(li)開企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為過程，如(ru)主(zhu)動型在(zai)職(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)(shi)業(ye)。其中前兩種(zhong)在(zai)翔(xiang)宇公(gong)司存在(zai)相對(dui)普(pu)遍(bian)，這(zhe)種(zhong)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)狀態(tai)既增(zeng)加(jia)了人力資(zi)源部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作量度(du)，也加(jia)大了生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)難度(du)，不(bu)利于(yu)公(gong)司進行有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)管控(kong)(kong)，不(bu)利于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術熟練積累，進而(er)(er)影響(xiang)公(gong)司生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效能。員工(gong)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)從(cong)各個方面危害(hai)到公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存和發(fa)展，所(suo)以在(zai)以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作中應該(gai)引起(qi)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視。

一般(ban)來講員工流失具有以下三(san)個(ge)特點，即(ji)群體性、時段性和趨(qu)利性。

1.群體(ti)性(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)流(liu)失(shi)往往發(fa)生在(zai)以(yi)下(xia)這些(xie)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)群體(ti)：新興行業(ye)(ye)需求量大的，思維(wei)活躍(yue)的，專業(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)對(dui)口的，對(dui)企業(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)滿(man)的，業(ye)(ye)務管(guan)理(li)精英，對(dui)未來(lai)職業(ye)(ye)生涯(ya)不(bu)(bu)明晰(xi)的，認為受到不(bu)(bu)公平(ping)待遇和人(ren)際關系不(bu)(bu)好的。而我(wo)們作為電(dian)路板(ban)(ban)行業(ye)(ye)幾乎正好滿(man)足了(le)(le)這一系列條(tiao)件，新興的技術門檻不(bu)(bu)高的專業(ye)(ye)技能(neng)要求相對(dui)較低(di)的行業(ye)(ye)。據(ju)有關資(zi)料顯(xian)示，僅深圳沙(sha)井(jing)就有上百家線路板(ban)(ban)工(gong)廠(chang)，且各工(gong)廠(chang)都(dou)存在(zai)一定(ding)程度的人(ren)力短(duan)缺，各工(gong)廠(chang)相互挖腳，形(xing)成了(le)(le)一定(ding)數量熟練員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的被動性(xing)流(liu)失(shi)。而部(bu)分(fen)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)對(dui)于現(xian)狀的不(bu)(bu)滿(man)以(yi)及對(dui)于找到下(xia)家的毫無顧慮更加劇了(le)(le)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的主動性(xing)流(liu)失(shi)。這里(li)我(wo)舉一個(ge)例子，絲(si)印房的一個(ge)熟練員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)上午才(cai)出(chu)廠(chang)門，下(xia)午就去(qu)了(le)(le)九和詠上班。

2.時段性員(yuan)工流(liu)(liu)失(shi)的(de)時間是有(you)(you)規律的(de)，一(yi)(yi)般說來，薪水結算及獎(jiang)金分配后(hou)(hou)，春節(jie)過后(hou)(hou)，學歷層次提(ti)高(gao)(gao)后(hou)(hou)，職稱提(ti)高(gao)(gao)或(huo)者個(ge)人流(liu)(liu)動(dong)資本進一(yi)(yi)步提(ti)高(gao)(gao)后(hou)(hou)，最容(rong)易發(fa)生員(yuan)工流(liu)(liu)失(shi)。員(yuan)工流(liu)(liu)失(shi)的(de)這個(ge)特點在(zai)翔宇(yu)公(gong)司也表現的(de)比較明顯，臨近年(nian)關以來，公(gong)司辭工人數有(you)(you)所(suo)增加(jia)，幾(ji)乎每天都有(you)(you)員(yuan)工離職。而(er)往年(nian)也存在(zai)公(gong)司一(yi)(yi)部分熟練員(yuan)工過完年(nian)就不再回來的(de)情況(kuang)。員(yuan)工是企業最寶(bao)貴(gui)的(de)資源之一(yi)(yi)這一(yi)(yi)理念應該落到實處，空喊口號沒有(you)(you)實際意義。可以考慮結存部分獎(jiang)金用(yong)于開年(nian)上班發(fa)放的(de)方式解決這一(yi)(yi)問題。

3.趨(qu)利性員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)流(liu)失總是(shi)趨(qu)向于(yu)個人(ren)利益和個人(ren)目(mu)標(biao)。這些員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)可(ke)分為追(zhui)(zhui)求物質型、追(zhui)(zhui)求環境型和追(zhui)(zhui)求穩定(ding)型。廣大(da)進城務工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農民工(gong)(gong)目(mu)標(biao)比較明確，追(zhui)(zhui)求物質利益表現明顯，而這一批(pi)人(ren)也能(neng)(neng)吃苦耐勞，自愿加班，便于(yu)管理。這類(lei)人(ren)群只要提供相對(dui)(dui)有(you)競(jing)爭(zheng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)酬待遇就能(neng)(neng)留住。而對(dui)(dui)于(yu)有(you)一定(ding)學歷或者專業(ye)技能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)來說，追(zhui)(zhui)求良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作環境，融洽(qia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作氛(fen)圍和可(ke)預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)職業(ye)前(qian)景都是(shi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)個人(ren)目(mu)標(biao)。這類(lei)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)往往思維(wei)活躍，敢于(yu)創(chuang)新，雖然在務實肯干方面可(ke)能(neng)(neng)存(cun)在一些問(wen)題，只要能(neng)(neng)統一于(yu)被認(ren)可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)強大(da)感召力的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)文化(hua)，就能(neng)(neng)發揮出巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量。

[摘要]本文首先(xian)闡述了(le)我(wo)國高新技術企業員工流(liu)失(shi)所造成的(de)負面影響,然后給出了(le)我(wo)國高新技術企業解決員工流(liu)失(shi)的(de)一(yi)些對策。

[關鍵詞]高新(xin)技術企業(ye)員工流失(shi)

人力資源是現代經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)首要(yao)資源，在(zai)經濟(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)化的(de)進程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，誰(shui)(shui)擁有了(le)高素(su)質的(de)人力資源，誰(shui)(shui)充分發(fa)揮了(le)人力資源的(de)作用，誰(shui)(shui)就(jiu)能把握經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)主動(dong)權，從而在(zai)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)競(jing)爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)據優(you)勢，然而，企業(ye)員工的(de)流動(dong)是不可避(bi)免的(de)熱門話題。近年來，在(zai)高新企業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，核心員工流失現象嚴重，如何吸引和留住(zhu)核心員工目前是關系(xi)企業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)問題。

1.企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)所需人(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)給企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)帶(dai)來(lai)很大的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。高(gao)(gao)新(xin)技(ji)術企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)勞動密(mi)(mi)集型行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，它提供的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)高(gao)(gao)新(xin)技(ji)術為核心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品服務組合，其主要生產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)是(shi)人(ren)，員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)是(shi)高(gao)(gao)新(xin)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)提供者(zhe)，會(hui)對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)和經濟效益(yi)產(chan)(chan)生極大影(ying)響。高(gao)(gao)新(xin)技(ji)術企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭很大程度上是(shi)人(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭，那些富有管(guan)理經驗的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理者(zhe)、技(ji)能(neng)出眾的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)就成(cheng)了各大企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)相挖腳的(de)(de)(de)對象；如(ru)果(guo)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)，可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)導致生產(chan)(chan)無法正(zheng)常進行(xing)，產(chan)(chan)品質量難以(yi)把握，研發工(gong)作停(ting)滯不前，核心(xin)技(ji)術被盜取，產(chan)(chan)品被仿制(zhi)等(deng)等(deng)。如(ru)果(guo)銷售(shou)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)，往往會(hui)導致與(yu)他們相關聯的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)以(yi)及大批老客戶的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)，銷售(shou)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)將使(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)、銷售(shou)的(de)(de)(de)連續(xu)性、穩定性遭(zao)到破壞。如(ru)果(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中高(gao)(gao)級管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)，不僅會(hui)削落企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理能(neng)力，還會(hui)使(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)內部情況(kuang)及商業(ye)(ye)(ye)秘密(mi)(mi)外泄。

2.流出(chu)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)巨大成(cheng)本(ben)損(sun)失。高(gao)新技術企業(ye)(ye)從招聘到培(pei)訓員工(gong)所付出(chu)的(de)人(ren)(ren)力資本(ben)投資將(jiang)隨著員工(gong)的(de)跳槽而(er)流出(chu)本(ben)企業(ye)(ye)并注入(ru)到其他企業(ye)(ye)中，對他們而(er)言是巨大的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)損(sun)失。美(mei)國學者古斯塔·福(fu)遜估(gu)計(ji)，貝爾公司每年(nian)(nian)更(geng)替一人(ren)(ren)次，花費(fei)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)損(sun)失1000美(mei)元(yuan)；而(er)對企業(ye)(ye)、學術團體(ti)、咨詢組織(zhi)研究(jiu)顯(xian)示，該(gai)成(cheng)本(ben)按(an)職位不同從月(yue)薪(xin)至年(nian)(nian)薪(xin)的(de)1倍(bei)(bei)～1.5倍(bei)(bei)不等。美(mei)國管理學會(AMA)的(de)報(bao)告顯(xian)示，替換一名員工(gong)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)至少相當(dang)(dang)于(yu)(yu)其全年(nian)(nian)薪(xin)酬的(de)30%；對于(yu)(yu)技能緊缺(que)的(de)崗位，此項成(cheng)本(ben)相當(dang)(dang)于(yu)(yu)員工(gong)全年(nian)(nian)薪(xin)酬的(de)1.5倍(bei)(bei)甚至更(geng)高(gao)。

3.員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)流(liu)失(shi)會極大地影響士氣(qi)。一(yi)部分(fen)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)流(liu)失(shi)對其他在崗(gang)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)情(qing)緒及工(gong)作(zuo)態度產(chan)生不利的(de)(de)影響。這是因(yin)為一(yi)部分(fen)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)流(liu)失(shi)則可能會刺激更(geng)(geng)大范(fan)圍(wei)的(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)流(liu)失(shi)，而且向其他員(yuan)工(gong)提示還有其他的(de)(de)選擇機會存在。特別是當人(ren)們看(kan)到(dao)(dao)流(liu)失(shi)的(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)得(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)更(geng)(geng)好的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)機遇或因(yin)流(liu)出(chu)而獲(huo)得(de)更(geng)(geng)多的(de)(de)收益時，留在崗(gang)位上的(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)就(jiu)會人(ren)心思(si)動，工(gong)作(zuo)積極性(xing)受到(dao)(dao)影響。也許從(cong)前從(cong)未考慮過要(yao)尋(xun)找(zhao)新的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)也會開始或準備開始尋(xun)找(zhao)新的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。

摘要：本文(wen)首(shou)先闡述了我國(guo)高(gao)新技術企業員(yuan)(yuan)工流失(shi)所造成的(de)負面(mian)影響,然后給(gei)出(chu)了我國(guo)高(gao)新技術企業解決員(yuan)(yuan)工流失(shi)的(de)一(yi)些對策。

關鍵詞：高新技術企業(ye)員工(gong)流失

人(ren)力(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源是現(xian)代經濟發展的(de)首要資(zi)(zi)(zi)源，在(zai)經濟全(quan)球化的(de)進程中，誰(shui)(shui)擁有了(le)高(gao)素質(zhi)的(de)人(ren)力(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源，誰(shui)(shui)充分發揮了(le)人(ren)力(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源的(de)作(zuo)用，誰(shui)(shui)就能把握(wo)經濟發展的(de)主動權，從(cong)而在(zai)全(quan)球競爭(zheng)中占據優勢，然而，企(qi)業員工(gong)的(de)流動是不可避免的(de)熱門話題。近(jin)年來，在(zai)高(gao)新企(qi)業中，核心(xin)員工(gong)流失現(xian)象嚴重(zhong)，如何(he)吸(xi)引(yin)和留住核心(xin)員工(gong)目前是關系(xi)企(qi)業發展的(de)問題。

一、高新技術企業員工流失帶來的負面影響

1.企業所(suo)需人才的(de)(de)(de)流失(shi)(shi)給企業帶來很大的(de)(de)(de)影響。高新技術企業是勞動密(mi)(mi)集型行業，它提供的(de)(de)(de)是高新技術為核(he)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)服(fu)務組合，其主要生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者是人，員工是高新技術的(de)(de)(de)提供者，會(hui)對企業的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場和(he)經濟效益產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)極大影響。高新技術企業的(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)很大程度上是人才的(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)，那些富有管理經驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)管理者、技能出眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)員工就成了各大企業競相挖腳(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)對象(xiang)；如(ru)果(guo)(guo)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)技術人員流失(shi)(shi)，可能會(hui)導致生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)無法正常(chang)進(jin)行，產(chan)品(pin)質量難以把握(wo)，研發工作停滯不前(qian)，核(he)心(xin)技術被(bei)盜(dao)取，產(chan)品(pin)被(bei)仿制等等。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)銷(xiao)售人員流失(shi)(shi)，往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)導致與他們相關聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場以及大批老客戶的(de)(de)(de)流失(shi)(shi)，銷(xiao)售人員的(de)(de)(de)流失(shi)(shi)將使企業的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)(de)連續性、穩定(ding)性遭到破(po)壞。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)企業中高級管理人員流失(shi)(shi)，不僅會(hui)削落企業的(de)(de)(de)管理能力，還會(hui)使企業的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部情況及商業秘密(mi)(mi)外泄。

2.流出(chu)企(qi)業的巨(ju)大成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)損(sun)失(shi)。高新技(ji)術企(qi)業從招聘到(dao)培(pei)訓員(yuan)工(gong)所(suo)付出(chu)的人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)投(tou)資(zi)將隨著(zhu)員(yuan)工(gong)的跳槽而(er)流出(chu)本(ben)(ben)企(qi)業并注(zhu)入到(dao)其他企(qi)業中，對(dui)他們而(er)言是(shi)巨(ju)大的成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)損(sun)失(shi)。美(mei)國學者古斯塔(ta)·福(fu)遜估計，貝爾(er)公司每年(nian)更(geng)替一人(ren)次(ci)，花費的成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)損(sun)失(shi)1000美(mei)元；而(er)對(dui)企(qi)業、學術團體、咨詢(xun)組(zu)織研究顯示，該成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)按職位不同從月薪至(zhi)年(nian)薪的1倍(bei)(bei)～1.5倍(bei)(bei)不等。美(mei)國管理(li)學會(AMA)的報告顯示，替換(huan)一名員(yuan)工(gong)的成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)至(zhi)少相(xiang)當于(yu)其全年(nian)薪酬的30%；對(dui)于(yu)技(ji)能緊缺的崗(gang)位，此項成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)相(xiang)當于(yu)員(yuan)工(gong)全年(nian)薪酬的1.5倍(bei)(bei)甚至(zhi)更(geng)高。

摘要(yao)：本(ben)文(wen)是(shi)(shi)作者讀書思考的(de)(de)心(xin)得，簡要(yao)地說明在(zai)(zai)當前全球(qiu)金融危機下國(guo)內外企(qi)業一系列對待(dai)員工的(de)(de)錯誤做(zuo)法，指出(chu)做(zuo)法的(de)(de)危害，點(dian)出(chu)其本(ben)質就是(shi)(shi)不(bu)面對現實、不(bu)負責(ze)任。在(zai)(zai)此基(ji)礎上(shang)借鑒世界上(shang)跨(kua)國(guo)企(qi)業CEO的(de)(de)一些(xie)做(zuo)法，指出(chu)企(qi)業管理者應(ying)該負起責(ze)任，合理控制人才流失，留住人才讓企(qi)業順利走出(chu)低谷(gu)。

關鍵詞:流失(shi)率；全面裁員；防范機制(zhi)；無(wu)邊界服務。

當前(qian)正處于金(jin)融(rong)危機嚴重(zhong)影響中，我國特別(bie)是(shi)南(nan)方外(wai)向型(xing)經濟實體受到(dao)嚴重(zhong)沖擊。近(jin)期屢見報端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農民工提前(qian)返鄉，國際跨國企業(ye)(ye)大面積裁(cai)員，當危機到(dao)來時企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)慣性做法就是(shi)裁(cai)員增效或者凍結(jie)員工的(de)(de)(de)(de)工資。因此我們有必(bi)要探討一下(xia)此類做法是(shi)否可取，就目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果造(zao)成人(ren)(ren)心(xin)惶惶，讓人(ren)(ren)看不到(dao)未來，使(shi)人(ren)(ren)失去(qu)了信心(xin)（此時信心(xin)比黃金(jin)還要貴——語），致使(shi)一批極(ji)為優(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才流失。

本人(ren)在與企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)接觸(chu)時也了(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)到諸(zhu)如(ru)此(ci)類(lei)的(de)(de)問題，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)辛辛苦苦地投巨資(zi)對員工進行(xing)培訓，可適(shi)得其反，其結果往往是“賠了(le)(le)夫人(ren)又折兵”，成(cheng)了(le)(le)為(wei)他人(ren)做(zuo)嫁(jia)衣了(le)(le)面(mian)對此(ci)類(lei)困(kun)(kun)惑(huo)(huo)作為(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管理者應該怎樣看待呢？我這(zhe)里有一(yi)組數據(ju)，一(yi)般企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)率為(wei)5—10%而(er)服(fu)務(wu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)如(ru)旅(lv)游酒店業(ye)(ye)實際(ji)為(wei)23.9%，最(zui)高達45%。近(jin)年來呈現流(liu)(liu)失(shi)常態化(hua)，流(liu)(liu)失(shi)頻率加快和(he)人(ren)才(cai)集體化(hua)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)，特別表現高級管理人(ren)才(cai)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)加劇。如(ru)何(he)破解(jie)(jie)困(kun)(kun)惑(huo)(huo)呢?俗話(hua)說(shuo)“他山之石可以(yi)攻玉”讓我們借鑒(jian)一(yi)下世界上最(zui)偉大的(de)(de)美國GE公司(si)的(de)(de)CEO杰克.韋爾(er)奇、管理大師彼(bi)得.德魯克的(de)(de)思(si)想和(he)做(zuo)法結合(he)我們的(de)(de)實際(ji)情況創出(chu)一(yi)條兼顧公平和(he)效益的(de)(de)路子來。

企(qi)業(ye)常(chang)見的(de)(de)做(zuo)法之一是(shi)(shi)全面裁(cai)員或者凍(dong)結工(gong)資(zi)。動輒就裁(cai)員10%甚至更多，往往是(shi)(shi)一刀(dao)切(qie)，不加區別(bie)致使優(you)秀(xiu)管理(li)人(ren)才(cai)流(liu)失，即使留(liu)下(xia)的(de)(de)也人(ren)人(ren)思保(bao)，給企(qi)業(ye)留(liu)下(xia)極大的(de)(de)隱患。凍(dong)結工(gong)資(zi)則(ze)嚴(yan)重影(ying)響員工(gong)的(de)(de)士氣(qi)，勞動效率直(zhi)線下(xia)降。以上做(zuo)法是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立在“有難同當(dang)”的(de)(de)思想基礎之上，這不是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)面現(xian)實的(de)(de)態度，而且沒有對(dui)不同“人(ren)員和(he)部門(men)區別(bie)對(dui)待”這是(shi)(shi)不公平的(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)不負責任的(de)(de)。此類做(zuo)法只能致使企(qi)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)流(liu)失率加劇，極不利于企(qi)業(ye)未(wei)來的(de)(de)可持續發展。

企(qi)業(ye)常見的(de)(de)做(zuo)法之(zhi)二是(shi)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)終身制。諸(zhu)如(ru)日本的(de)(de)公司(si)和(he)(he)中國的(de)(de)國有企(qi)業(ye)，員(yuan)工(gong)和(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)之(zhi)間存(cun)在(zai)著隱(yin)形(xing)合(he)同(tong)，這一(yi)(yi)做(zuo)法使(shi)員(yuan)工(gong)和(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)牢牢困在(zai)一(yi)(yi)起，看似充滿(man)人情味(wei)，實(shi)則帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)(de)后(hou)果是(shi)由于流失率幾乎為零，結果官(guan)僚(liao)作風盛(sheng)行(xing)(xing)，人浮于事，效率低(di)下，機構臃腫，缺乏(fa)創新意(yi)識，如(ru)死(si)水(shui)一(yi)(yi)潭。人們恰(qia)恰(qia)忘記了在(zai)市(shi)場經(jing)濟中給員(yuan)工(gong)發工(gong)資的(de)(de)是(shi)滿(man)意(yi)的(de)(de)客戶，而不(bu)是(shi)公司(si)。隨著經(jing)濟危機的(de)(de)到(dao)來(lai)公司(si)的(de)(de)發展也有很大的(de)(de)不(bu)確定性(xing)，市(shi)場會無情地擊碎這種隱(yin)性(xing)合(he)同(tong)，使(shi)員(yuan)工(gong)瞬間陷入失業(ye)困窘。采(cai)取這種做(zuo)法的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)走進了一(yi)(yi)條死(si)胡同(tong)，到(dao)頭來(lai)只(zhi)有死(si)路一(yi)(yi)條。