實驗方案范文10篇

時(shi)間:2024-03-15 23:33:07

導語:這里是公務(wu)員之家根據多年的文秘經驗(yan),為你推薦的十(shi)篇實驗(yan)方案范文,還可以咨詢客服(fu)老師獲(huo)取更(geng)多原創文章,歡迎參考。

實驗方案

教育課程設置實驗方案

新學年(nian),我市義(yi)務(wu)教(jiao)育課程(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)(gai)革實驗進入大(da)面積推(tui)廣階段。為深入推(tui)進我市義(yi)務(wu)教(jiao)育課程(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)(gai)革實驗工作,按(an)照教(jiao)育部(bu)(bu)的要求,結合我市三(san)年(nian)來課程(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)(gai)革實驗實際,制定《*市實施教(jiao)育部(bu)(bu)<義(yi)務(wu)教(jiao)育課程(cheng)(cheng)設置實驗方案>的課程(cheng)(cheng)計(ji)劃(試行)》(以下簡稱(cheng)"課程(cheng)(cheng)計(ji)劃"),請從(cong)實際出發(fa)研究落實。

一、認真(zhen)學(xue)習,提(ti)高認識

"課程(cheng)計劃(hua)"適用(yong)于參(can)加義務教(jiao)育(yu)課程(cheng)改革(ge)(ge)實驗的年(nian)級。未進(jin)入課程(cheng)改革(ge)(ge)實驗的年(nian)級,仍(reng)執行教(jiao)育(yu)部1994年(nian)頒布的全(quan)日制小學、初(chu)級中學課程(cheng)(教(jiao)學)計劃(hua)。

"課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)計劃(hua)"中規定的(de)(de)我市義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)階(jie)段(duan)初中小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門類、設(she)置(zhi)辦法(fa)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)數、修習(xi)方式(shi)等,反映出時(shi)(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)特點和(he)*率(lv)先基本(ben)實(shi)現教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)現代化的(de)(de)要求,體現了新的(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)觀和(he)以(yi)人(ren)為本(ben)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)理念,在周課(ke)(ke)(ke)時(shi)(shi)(shi)總(zong)量(liang)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)課(ke)(ke)(ke)時(shi)(shi)(shi)總(zong)量(liang)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)課(ke)(ke)(ke)時(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)各(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)總(zong)課(ke)(ke)(ke)時(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)例(li)上(shang)嚴格執行(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部的(de)(de)規定,在課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)置(zhi)和(he)課(ke)(ke)(ke)時(shi)(shi)(shi)安排(pai)上(shang)考慮到*市21世紀課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)革(ge)實(shi)驗的(de)(de)平穩過(guo)渡。因此,課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)置(zhi)表(biao)分表(biao)一和(he)表(biao)二(er),分別適用于六三(san)和(he)五四學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)制的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校;外(wai)語課(ke)(ke)(ke)從小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)一年(nian)級起開(kai)設(she);綜合課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)分科(ke)(ke)(ke)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)選擇權在區(qu)縣(xian)和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校;綜合實(shi)踐活(huo)動和(he)地(di)方與(yu)校本(ben)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)賦予(yu)區(qu)縣(xian)和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校更多(duo)的(de)(de)自主安排(pai)權,可自主開(kai)發(fa)地(di)方課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)校本(ben)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。"課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)置(zhi)表(biao)"是完成小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)初中教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)任務(wu)(wu),深(shen)(shen)化義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)革(ge),深(shen)(shen)入推進素(su)質(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu),實(shi)現義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)培養目標的(de)(de)重要保證。各(ge)區(qu)縣(xian)和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校要組織全體小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)初中教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管理人(ren)員和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研人(ren)員認真學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)研讀,了解(jie)并把握(wo)義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)新課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)變化和(he)特點,全面落實(shi)其精神(shen)和(he)要求。

二、做好實驗(yan)推廣的各項準備工作

各(ge)區(qu)縣要(yao)(yao)提前做好教學(xue)設(she)備的(de)(de)配置、教師的(de)(de)補充和培訓、課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂教學(xue)改革和管理改革等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)準備工(gong)作(zuo),繼(ji)續研究小學(xue)和初中(zhong)教學(xue)的(de)(de)銜接問題,研究并落(luo)實品德與生活(huo)(huo)、品德與社會、科學(xue)、歷(li)史(shi)與社會、藝術(shu)、綜(zong)合(he)實踐(jian)活(huo)(huo)動等(deng)(deng)新增綜(zong)合(he)性課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)開(kai)設(she),指導學(xue)校進行必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)選擇,開(kai)發(fa)(fa)好地方(fang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)和校本課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)。同時要(yao)(yao)采取有(you)效措施,保(bao)證外語課(ke)(ke)(ke)、寫(xie)字課(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)開(kai)設(she),以及(ji)預防艾滋病、預防、環境與可持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、安全與自救互救等(deng)(deng)專題教育的(de)(de)開(kai)展(zhan)。

查看全文

義務教育課程設置實驗方案

為貫徹落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《國務院關于基(ji)礎教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)與發(fa)展的(de)決定(ding)(ding)》和經國務院同(tong)意的(de)《基(ji)礎教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)課(ke)程改(gai)革(ge)(ge)綱(gang)要(試(shi)行)》,我部(bu)決定(ding)(ding)從(cong)2001年秋季起進行義務教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)課(ke)程改(gai)革(ge)(ge)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)工作。現將供實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)區使用的(de)《義務教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)課(ke)程設置實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方案(an)》印發(fa)給你們,請認真研(yan)究,并根據實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)區的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)具體的(de)課(ke)程實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施計劃,精心組(zu)織實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施。對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)出現的(de)問題(ti),請及時反饋到我部(bu)基(ji)礎教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)司。

義務教育課程(cheng)設置實驗方(fang)案

根據《國務(wu)院關于基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)改(gai)革與發(fa)展的(de)(de)決定》和(he)《基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)課程(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)革綱要(試行)》構建符合素質(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)要求的(de)(de)新(xin)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)課程(cheng)(cheng)體系的(de)(de)要求,設置(zhi)義務(wu)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)階段的(de)(de)課程(cheng)(cheng)。課程(cheng)(cheng)設置(zhi)應體現(xian)義務(wu)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)基(ji)本性(xing)質(zhi),遵循(xun)學(xue)生身(shen)心發(fa)展規律,適應社會進(jin)步、經濟發(fa)展和(he)科(ke)學(xue)技術發(fa)展的(de)(de)要求,為學(xue)生的(de)(de)持續、全(quan)面發(fa)展奠(dian)定基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。

一、培養目標

全面貫徹黨的教育方(fang)針(zhen),體(ti)現(xian)時(shi)代(dai)要求,使學(xue)生(sheng)具(ju)(ju)有(you)愛國主(zhu)義(yi)、集(ji)體(ti)主(zhu)義(yi)精(jing)神,熱愛社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)義(yi),繼承和發揚(yang)中(zhong)華民族的優秀(xiu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統和革命傳(chuan)(chuan)統;具(ju)(ju)有(you)社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)民主(zhu)法(fa)制意識,遵(zun)守國家法(fa)律和社(she)(she)(she)會公德(de)(de);逐步(bu)形成(cheng)正確的世界觀、人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)觀、價值(zhi)觀;具(ju)(ju)有(you)社(she)(she)(she)會責(ze)任感,努力為(wei)人(ren)(ren)民服務;具(ju)(ju)有(you)初(chu)步(bu)的創新精(jing)神、實踐能(neng)力、科學(xue)和人(ren)(ren)文素養以(yi)及環境意識;具(ju)(ju)有(you)適應(ying)終身學(xue)習(xi)的基(ji)礎知識、基(ji)本技(ji)能(neng)和方(fang)法(fa);具(ju)(ju)有(you)健(jian)壯的體(ti)魄和良好的心理素質,養成(cheng)健(jian)康(kang)的審美情趣和生(sheng)活方(fang)式,成(cheng)為(wei)有(you)理想、有(you)道德(de)(de)、有(you)文化(hua)、有(you)紀律的一代(dai)新人(ren)(ren)。

二、課(ke)程設置的(de)原(yuan)則

查看全文

普通高中課程改革實驗方案

一、指導思想

以鄧小平(ping)(ping)理(li)論和(he)“三個代表(biao)”重(zhong)要思想為指(zhi)導,堅持科學(xue)發展觀(guan),全(quan)面(mian)貫徹黨和(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)針,全(quan)面(mian)推進(jin)素質教(jiao)育(yu)(yu),立足*區(qu)實(shi)(shi)際,借鑒義務教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)階段(duan)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)(gai)革和(he)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)(gai)革實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)的(de)有益經驗(yan),全(quan)面(mian)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)《*市普通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)(gai)革實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)工作方(fang)(fang)案(試行)》和(he)《*市實(shi)(shi)施(shi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部<普通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)案(實(shi)(shi)驗(yan))>的(de)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)安排指(zhi)導意見(試行)方(fang)(fang)案(試行)》,形成(cheng)符合國(guo)(guo)家(jia)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)(gai)革要求(qiu)、具有*區(qu)特點的(de)普通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)教(jiao)學(xue)體(ti)系(xi),促進(jin)普通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)生全(quan)面(mian)發展,促進(jin)普通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)教(jiao)師素質的(de)整(zheng)體(ti)優化,提(ti)高(gao)我(wo)區(qu)普通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)教(jiao)學(xue)質量和(he)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。

二、目標任務

(一)制定《*區普通(tong)高中課程(cheng)安排指導(dao)意見(試(shi)行)》,探索普通(tong)高中實施素質教育的有效途徑,構建具(ju)有*區特色(se)的普通(tong)高中新課程(cheng)體系。

(二)構建(jian)我區高中課程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)與管理、課程(cheng)資源(yuan)開發和共(gong)享的(de)(de)機制,著力提(ti)高學校課程(cheng)管理及課程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)能力。

(三)積極開展教(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)改(gai)革,建立與(yu)普通高中新課(ke)程相(xiang)適應(ying)的教(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)管(guan)理制(zhi)度。

查看全文

健康行為習慣實驗方案

為(wei)貫(guan)徹落(luo)實科學發展(zhan)觀,全(quan)面深(shen)化醫藥衛生(sheng)體制(zhi)改(gai)革,廣泛深(shen)入地(di)開展(zhan)健(jian)康促(cu)進工程,提高群眾(zhong)健(jian)康意(yi)識(shi)和(he)自我(wo)保健(jian)能力(li),倡導有益健(jian)康的行為(wei)習慣和(he)生(sheng)活方(fang)(fang)式,預(yu)防和(he)減少各類疾(ji)病(bing)的發生(sheng),特制(zhi)定(ding)本(ben)實施(shi)方(fang)(fang)案。

一、實施背景

中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)《關于深化(hua)醫藥(yao)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)體(ti)制(zhi)改革的(de)意見》提出了“以建立居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)檔(dang)案(an)為重(zhong)點,構建鄉村和(he)社區衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)信(xin)息網絡平(ping)臺(tai)”的(de)要求。常務會(hui)議明確了今(jin)后3年(nian)的(de)階段(duan)性工(gong)作(zuo)目標,提出從2009年(nian)開始,逐步在(zai)全國(guo)建立統(tong)一(yi)的(de)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)檔(dang)案(an)。2008年(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)醫藥(yao)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)基(ji)金(jin)會(hui)向鹿泉(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)政府(fu)捐贈500萬元(yuan)專(zhuan)項(xiang)資金(jin),用(yong)于在(zai)鹿泉(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)促進工(gong)程,建立全民(min)(min)(min)統(tong)一(yi)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)檔(dang)案(an)是其中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)項(xiang)重(zhong)要內容。在(zai)國(guo)家衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)部和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)醫藥(yao)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)基(ji)金(jin)會(hui)的(de)大力(li)支持下(xia)(xia),在(zai)“健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)就(jiu)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力(li)”的(de)理論指(zhi)導下(xia)(xia),在(zai)鹿泉(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)委、市(shi)(shi)政府(fu)的(de)高(gao)度重(zhong)視下(xia)(xia),鹿泉(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)建立全民(min)(min)(min)統(tong)一(yi)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)檔(dang)案(an)試點取得了成(cheng)功。為此,市(shi)(shi)政府(fu)決定推廣(guang)鹿泉(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)的(de)經(jing)驗,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)醫藥(yao)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)基(ji)金(jin)會(hui)也決定向市(shi)(shi)政府(fu)捐贈價值500萬元(yuan)的(de)“基(ji)于健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)檔(dang)案(an)的(de)區域衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)信(xin)息平(ping)臺(tai)”軟件(jian)產品,用(yong)于全市(shi)(shi)全民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)促進工(gong)程的(de)實施(shi)。

二、目的意義

健(jian)(jian)康是人(ren)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)發展的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎,關(guan)系(xi)千家萬(wan)戶的(de)(de)(de)幸福。健(jian)(jian)康促(cu)進(jin)工(gong)程是一(yi)(yi)項利(li)國利(li)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)重要舉措,人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康是全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)建設小(xiao)康社(she)會、構建和諧(xie)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)(ti)和基(ji)礎,沒有人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康,就沒有全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)康。開展全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)(jian)康促(cu)進(jin)工(gong)程,就是教育引導群眾養成良好的(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康習慣,改善全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)(jian)康狀況。堅持“政(zheng)府主導、全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)參(can)與,以(yi)人(ren)為(wei)本、民(min)(min)(min)生至上,城鄉統籌、協調推進(jin),立足實(shi)際、注重特色(se)”的(de)(de)(de)原則,本著近期和遠期、常規和創新、科學性(xing)和實(shi)用性(xing)、通俗(su)性(xing)相結(jie)合,讓群眾獲得更多(duo)健(jian)(jian)康知識(shi),不斷提(ti)(ti)高(gao)健(jian)(jian)康行為(wei),促(cu)進(jin)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)(jian)康素質的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao),為(wei)打造繁(fan)華舒適(shi)、現代一(yi)(yi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)省會城市提(ti)(ti)供有力保障。

三、總體(ti)目標和主要指標

查看全文

學校課程設置實驗方案

根據《中華人民共(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)義務教(jiao)育(yu)法》、《國(guo)務院(yuan)關(guan)于基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)教(jiao)育(yu)改革與發展的(de)(de)決定(ding)》和(he)(he)《基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)教(jiao)育(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)改革綱(gang)要(yao)(試行)》構建(jian)符合素質教(jiao)育(yu)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)新的(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)(shu)教(jiao)育(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)體(ti)系的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),設置(zhi)培智學校課(ke)程(cheng)。課(ke)程(cheng)設置(zhi)應體(ti)現(xian)先進的(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)(shu)教(jiao)育(yu)思想,符合特(te)殊(shu)(shu)教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本規(gui)律和(he)(he)特(te)點,遵循智力殘疾學生身心(xin)發展規(gui)律,適(shi)應構建(jian)和(he)(he)諧社會的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),為(wei)智力殘疾學生的(de)(de)全面發展奠定(ding)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。

一、培養目標

全面貫(guan)徹黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教育(yu)方(fang)針,體(ti)現社會(hui)文(wen)明(ming)進步(bu)要求,使智力殘疾學(xue)生具有(you)初步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛國主義、集體(ti)主義精神;具有(you)初步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)公德意識和法制(zhi)觀(guan)念;具有(you)樂觀(guan)向上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活態度;具有(you)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化科學(xue)知識和適應生活、社會(hui)以及自我服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技能;養(yang)成健康(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)習慣和生活方(fang)式(shi),成為(wei)適應社會(hui)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公民。

二、課程(cheng)設置的原(yuan)則(ze)

1.一般(ban)性(xing)與(yu)選(xuan)擇性(xing)相結(jie)合(he)

在課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)置方(fang)案(an)中,尊重智(zhi)力(li)殘疾學(xue)生的(de)教育(yu)需(xu)求(qiu),通過一般性(xing)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)來滿足(zu)其生理、心理和社(she)會發展(zhan)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu),最大限度地開發他們(men)的(de)潛(qian)能;同(tong)時,通過選(xuan)擇性(xing)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)來滿足(zu)學(xue)生的(de)個別化需(xu)求(qiu),促進他們(men)多方(fang)面的(de)發展(zhan)。

查看全文

小學語文導放式教學實驗方案論文

一、實驗課題

小學(xue)語文“導放式教學(xue)”課題研究(jiu)

二、開題時間

二00一年九月

三、實驗目標

以國家新(xin)一輪課程改革、語文(wen)課程標準和新(xin)大綱精神為指導,創造(zao)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)、開(kai)放的(de)教(jiao)學(xue)環(huan)境提供給學(xue)生(sheng)充分發展(zhan)的(de)空間(jian),加強(qiang)語文(wen)實踐活動(dong)(dong),構建自主、合作、探究的(de)學(xue)習(xi)方式(shi),在學(xue)生(sheng)自主、能動(dong)(dong)、富有個性的(de)學(xue)習(xi)中培養語文(wen)素(su)養,為學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)終身發展(zhan)奠(dian)基。

查看全文

醫學微生物學論文

【摘要(yao)】以本科預防醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)業55名學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)為實(shi)施對象,進行(xing)了(le)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)微生(sheng)物學(xue)(xue)(xue)設計性實(shi)驗(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的初步探討,通過學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)自己選題(ti)、查(cha)閱文獻資料、設計實(shi)驗(yan)方(fang)案(an),在(zai)教(jiao)師指導下開展實(shi)驗(yan)、整(zheng)理與分析(xi)實(shi)驗(yan)結果、撰寫實(shi)驗(yan)論文,有效地(di)培養了(le)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的實(shi)踐能力(li)與創新能力(li)。

【關(guan)鍵詞(ci)】醫學微生(sheng)物學設(she)計性實驗創新(xin)能力

隨著現代(dai)科學(xue)技術的(de)(de)迅猛發展及知識(shi)經濟時(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)到來(lai),加(jia)強學(xue)生實踐能(neng)力(li)和創新能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang),提高(gao)學(xue)生的(de)(de)綜合素(su)質,已成為目(mu)前(qian)我國高(gao)等(deng)教育教學(xue)改革的(de)(de)主要目(mu)標[1]。要求醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)院校在進(jin)行知識(shi)教育的(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)還須加(jia)強學(xue)生實踐能(neng)力(li)和創新能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang),這樣(yang)才(cai)能(neng)造就滿足新時(shi)(shi)代(dai)需要的(de)(de)高(gao)素(su)質實用型醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)人才(cai)。為此,我們在2005級本(ben)科預防醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)專業的(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)微生物學(xue)實驗教學(xue)中進(jin)行設(she)計性實驗的(de)(de)初步探索,取得了(le)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)教學(xue)效果。

1對象與方法

1.1對(dui)象選擇預(yu)防醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)業本(ben)科學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)作(zuo)為(wei)設(she)(she)計(ji)性(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施對(dui)象,將醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)微生(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)設(she)(she)計(ji)性(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)安排在實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)最(zui)后一次進行,這樣學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)已經(jing)系統(tong)地掌握(wo)了(le)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)微生(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)的(de)知(zhi)識,并在前期實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)基礎上掌握(wo)了(le)一定的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)技術和方法,對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)儀(yi)器設(she)(she)備的(de)使用有(you)初步了(le)解,為(wei)完成(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)性(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)做好(hao)前期準備工(gong)作(zuo)。

1.2方法

查看全文

高三物理實驗教學效果策略

1“換”器材,“改”方案

物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)驗比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)靈活,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗可以(yi)用(yong)同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai),而同(tong)一個實(shi)(shi)驗又可以(yi)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai),設(she)(she)(she)計出不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong),要讓實(shi)(shi)驗方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)有變(bian)化(hua),教(jiao)師(shi)給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)變(bian)換(huan)一下器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)并(bing)讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)嘗(chang)試自主(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)計方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an),在(zai)(zai)此過(guo)程中(zhong)激發學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)思(si)考,促(cu)進(jin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)實(shi)(shi)驗原(yuan)理(li)(li)本質的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)解(jie),并(bing)在(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)計、完善方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)時,師(shi)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流過(guo)程中(zhong)激起(qi)思(si)維的(de)(de)(de)火花。探究外力(li)(li)做功與物(wu)(wu)體動能(neng)變(bian)化(hua)關系的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗,高一新課選用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)驗主(zhu)要步(bu)驟(zou)如表1中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)1。高三實(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妨給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)提供氣墊導(dao)軌、光電(dian)門、數字(zi)計時器(qi)(qi)、滑(hua)塊、重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)等器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai),引導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)設(she)(she)(she)計方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)驗步(bu)驟(zou),最終得到表1中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)2。完成(cheng)實(shi)(shi)驗方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)設(she)(she)(she)計之后,可讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)兩個方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)優劣,在(zai)(zai)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)中(zhong)思(si)考。通過(guo)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)實(shi)(shi)驗原(yuan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)解(jie)得更透徹,實(shi)(shi)驗誤差分(fen)析水到渠成(cheng)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)1的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian):計算簡(jian)單,取(qu)材(cai)(cai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)便;缺(que)點(dian):操作(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi),平衡(heng)摩(mo)擦力(li)(li)難度(du)較(jiao)大(da)(da),容易(yi)出現平衡(heng)摩(mo)擦力(li)(li)角(jiao)度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)或(huo)者角(jiao)度(du)過(guo)大(da)(da);計算速度(du)的(de)(de)(de)時候需要找一段點(dian)跡均勻的(de)(de)(de)點(dian),找點(dian)和(he)(he)測量不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準容易(yi)帶來誤差。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)2的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian):操作(zuo)容易(yi),測量比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)準確;缺(que)點(dian):用(yong)懸(xuan)掛重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)力(li)(li)代替滑(hua)塊不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準確,重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)力(li)(li)大(da)(da)于滑(hua)塊的(de)(de)(de)合外力(li)(li)。這樣比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)對(dui)促(cu)進(jin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)知識的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)解(jie)和(he)(he)思(si)維發展有很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)幫助,實(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)順利達成(cheng)。

2“加”器(qi)材,選方案

高三實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi),教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)根據情況,給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)材(cai)比原來高一、高二新(xin)課教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)多(duo)一些(xie)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)時(shi),首先面臨器(qi)材(cai)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難題,其次選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)材(cai)可設(she)計(ji)(ji)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an),又面臨實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)。當面臨選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,會(hui)引(yin)(yin)發(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)深入地比較(jiao)與(yu)(yu)思(si)考,對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)融(rong)會(hui)貫通(tong)原理與(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法大有益處。在測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)及(ji)其內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),通(tong)常給出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)材(cai)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流表、滑動(dong)變阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)、開關、導(dao)線、待測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),用這些(xie)器(qi)材(cai)可設(she)計(ji)(ji)出圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)1所示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。高三的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)可在上(shang)(shang)述(shu)器(qi)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)箱、單刀雙(shuang)擲開關、定值電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1和R2,讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)盡可能(neng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an),進行誤(wu)差分(fen)析,并(bing)對比幾個方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣(lie)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)可以(yi)在教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)下設(she)計(ji)(ji)出圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)2、圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)3、圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)4所示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。VASV圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)1測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)及(ji)其內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(1)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)2測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)及(ji)其內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(2)AVR1R2S1S2圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)3測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)及(ji)其內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(3)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)4測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)及(ji)其內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(4)讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在有多(duo)余器(qi)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下設(she)計(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an),具有挑(tiao)戰性,往(wang)往(wang)不是(shi)一步到位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也(ye)不可能(neng)每個學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)都能(neng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)出所有可能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)。教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)應重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)師(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通(tong),及(ji)時(shi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤(wu),及(ji)時(shi)給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)幫助(zhu),避(bi)免打擊學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)熱(re)情。教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)思(si)考錯誤(wu),糾正(zheng)錯誤(wu),使方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)得(de)到完善(shan)。教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)要(yao)重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流,讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在互(hu)助(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),盡可能(neng)多(duo)地完成(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)設(she)計(ji)(ji),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在互(hu)相促進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達成(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)目(mu)標。最(zui)后,教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)再綜(zong)合(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an),讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)比較(jiao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣(lie),對實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)作出選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過程,充(chong)分(fen)尊重(zhong)(zhong)了學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)地位(wei),有利于激發(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)性和探究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)情。

3“缺”器(qi)材,創方(fang)案

有些中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan),如(ru)果缺少(shao)(shao)部分(fen)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)依然(ran)能夠完(wan)成(cheng)。對(dui)這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan),教(jiao)師在(zai)高(gao)三組織實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時,給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)可以“缺”。讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)缺少(shao)(shao)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)想辦法設(she)計(ji)(ji)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)案(an)。這更能體現師生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智慧,也更能充分(fen)發揮學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習主觀(guan)能動性(xing),會有很(hen)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果。例(li)如(ru),在(zai)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)證力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平行(xing)四(si)(si)邊形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演示實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong),高(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)新課教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時,采用(yong)兩(liang)個彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)測(ce)力(li)(li)計(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)(lai)完(wan)成(cheng)。在(zai)高(gao)三復習教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong),不妨只給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)測(ce)力(li)(li)計(ji)(ji),讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)來(lai)(lai)(lai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)案(an)。經(jing)過(guo)教(jiao)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引導,師生(sheng)(sheng)共同(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)出如(ru)下(xia)方(fang)(fang)案(an):1.將(jiang)(jiang)圖(tu)釘固定(ding)在(zai)木板上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A點(dian),將(jiang)(jiang)橡皮筋(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)端(duan)與兩(liang)個細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)(tao)(tao)栓接(jie)于(yu)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)結點(dian),橡皮筋(jin)(jin)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)端(duan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)在(zai)圖(tu)釘上(shang);2.把(ba)兩(liang)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)(tao)(tao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)與彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)秤(cheng)連(lian)(lian)接(jie),然(ran)后(hou)同(tong)(tong)時拉(la)這兩(liang)條(tiao)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)線(xian)(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只手直接(jie)拉(la)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)(tao)(tao),另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只手通過(guo)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)秤(cheng)拉(la)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)(tao)(tao)),把(ba)橡皮筋(jin)(jin)和細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結點(dian)拉(la)伸(shen)到(dao)(dao)O點(dian),記(ji)下(xia)O點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置、兩(liang)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向及彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示數F1,如(ru)圖(tu)5所示;3.放回橡皮筋(jin)(jin),將(jiang)(jiang)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)秤(cheng)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)到(dao)(dao)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)(tao)(tao)上(shang),再同(tong)(tong)時拉(la)這兩(liang)條(tiao)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),且兩(liang)條(tiao)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)位于(yu)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步中(zhong)記(ji)錄下(xia)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向上(shang),仍(reng)然(ran)把(ba)橡皮筋(jin)(jin)與細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結點(dian)拉(la)伸(shen)到(dao)(dao)O點(dian),讀出彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)讀數為F2;4.松開拉(la)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手,用(yong)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)秤(cheng)沿AO方(fang)(fang)向拉(la)橡皮筋(jin)(jin),仍(reng)然(ran)把(ba)結點(dian)拉(la)到(dao)(dao)O點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置,記(ji)下(xia)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向和彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)讀數F';5.作出F1、F2、F'的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)示,以F1、F2為鄰(lin)邊作平行(xing)四(si)(si)邊形(xing)(xing)(xing),對(dui)角線(xian)為F;6.比較(jiao)F和F',如(ru)果二者(zhe)大小基本(ben)相(xiang)等,方(fang)(fang)向基本(ben)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong),則平行(xing)四(si)(si)邊形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)則成(cheng)立。ABCO圖(tu)5驗(yan)(yan)(yan)證力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平行(xing)四(si)(si)邊形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)則實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)示意圖(tu)通過(guo)對(dui)原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)(lai)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)、實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改變(bian),把(ba)原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)(lai)教(jiao)材(cai)(cai)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次測(ce)出F1、F2變(bian)成(cheng)分(fen)兩(liang)次完(wan)成(cheng),多(duo)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次等效替代(dai),讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)本(ben)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等效替代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想有了更深刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi),取(qu)得很(hen)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果。這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化能更好(hao)(hao)地激活學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維,激發學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習興趣。

查看全文

大學物理實驗對比教學研究

1大學物理實驗教學現狀(zhuang)分析

大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)為基(ji)(ji)礎性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)設(she)計(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。理(li)(li)(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)應該是(shi)(shi)分(fen)層次(ci)(ci)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi),按照先(xian)(xian)開(kai)設(she)基(ji)(ji)礎性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),再開(kai)設(she)綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),最(zui)(zui)后開(kai)設(she)設(she)計(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順序授(shou)(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣安(an)排(pai)由(you)(you)淺入(ru)深、循序漸(jian)進,利(li)于(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)展開(kai),可(ke)以有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動手能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、創(chuang)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)數(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)分(fen)析能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。而現(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情況卻給這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)提出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些難(nan)以解(jie)決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題:(1)隨著(zhu)多(duo)年擴招,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人數(shu)(shu)逐(zhu)(zhu)年遞增,儀器數(shu)(shu)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增長(chang)遠不(bu)及(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增長(chang),而在上(shang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)時(shi)(shi)為保(bao)(bao)證教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臺儀器最(zui)(zui)多(duo)容納兩名同(tong)(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)使用(yong),儀器數(shu)(shu)目嚴重(zhong)制約(yue)著(zhu)上(shang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人數(shu)(shu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般只(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)證有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個班(ban)或者半個班(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)來做;(2)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)課(ke)(ke)(ke)為3學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)(shi),同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天最(zui)(zui)多(duo)只(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)排(pai)三次(ci)(ci)課(ke)(ke)(ke),即上(shang)午、下午和(he)(he)晚上(shang)各(ge)(ge)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)課(ke)(ke)(ke),那么一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)只(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)重(zhong)復(fu)15次(ci)(ci)左右(you)。如果所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)班(ban)級都(dou)(dou)(dou)按同(tong)(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順序來上(shang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)高(gao)校(xiao)來說(shuo)每個實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)每周(zhou)要重(zhong)復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)15次(ci)(ci),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣在排(pai)課(ke)(ke)(ke)上(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)困難(nan)。為了(le)解(jie)決這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個問題,大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)高(gao)校(xiao)目前(qian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)采(cai)用(yong)輪(lun)(lun)轉授(shou)(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)來排(pai)課(ke)(ke)(ke),即各(ge)(ge)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)課(ke)(ke)(ke),然后各(ge)(ge)班(ban)在實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)之間進行輪(lun)(lun)轉。由(you)(you)于(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制,大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)高(gao)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)只(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)兩個學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)有(you)個別學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)只(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)包含三類(lei)(lei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩類(lei)(lei)或者三類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。如果輪(lun)(lun)轉授(shou)(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke),那么就(jiu)(jiu)很(hen)(hen)難(nan)保(bao)(bao)證讓所(suo)有(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)都(dou)(dou)(dou)先(xian)(xian)做基(ji)(ji)礎性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),再做綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),最(zui)(zui)后做設(she)計(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)必然有(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)打破理(li)(li)(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)順序,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣分(fen)層次(ci)(ci)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)很(hen)(hen)難(nan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行了(le)。另外(wai),由(you)(you)于(yu)在中學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)階段各(ge)(ge)地(di)區、各(ge)(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)程(cheng)度不(bu)同(tong)(tong),導致(zhi)剛入(ru)校(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)(ji)礎及(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)差異(yi)較大(da)(da)(da)。而大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)最(zui)(zui)先(xian)(xian)接(jie)觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),所(suo)以我們(men)在授(shou)(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)時(shi)(shi)必須考(kao)慮到這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個差異(yi)。而在傳(chuan)統教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)下,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師在實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)上(shang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)所(suo)有(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)完(wan)全一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),沒有(you)任何(he)差異(yi)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)兩種(zhong)極(ji)端(duan),部(bu)(bu)分(fen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)迅速(su)完(wan)成(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),而部(bu)(bu)分(fen)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)需要他人幫(bang)(bang)忙或是(shi)(shi)延(yan)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間才能(neng)(neng)(neng)完(wan)成(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)有(you)個別學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為完(wan)成(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)選擇抄襲其它同(tong)(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)數(shu)(shu)據。長(chang)此以往,實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)會(hui)(hui)認(ren)為實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)過(guo)于(yu)簡(jian)單,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)不(bu)到多(duo)少(shao)知識,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)自己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)提高(gao)沒有(you)幫(bang)(bang)助,會(hui)(hui)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)失去興(xing)趣(qu)(qu);實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)由(you)(you)于(yu)經常不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)獨立完(wan)成(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),會(hui)(hui)認(ren)為課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)太難(nan),自己(ji)(ji)無法(fa)掌(zhang)握,在逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)喪(sang)失自信心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)勢必對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)提不(bu)起興(xing)趣(qu)(qu)。在傳(chuan)統教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)下,兩類(lei)(lei)極(ji)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)都(dou)(dou)(dou)會(hui)(hui)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)喪(sang)失對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興(xing)趣(qu)(qu),顯(xian)然不(bu)利(li)于(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動手能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、創(chuang)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提出(chu)(chu)迫在眉睫。

2對比教學模式

通過以上分析,我們需要(yao)在無法實行分層次教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)的(de)情況下,提出一(yi)種新的(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi),而且這種教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)要(yao)既能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)大多數學(xue)(xue)生的(de)學(xue)(xue)習要(yao)求,又兼顧(gu)兩類極端學(xue)(xue)生的(de)學(xue)(xue)習要(yao)求,更廣泛的(de)激發學(xue)(xue)生的(de)學(xue)(xue)習興趣。為此我們提出對比教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。

2.1演示(shi)實(shi)驗和課(ke)堂(tang)實(shi)驗的對比

在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)課前增(zeng)加(jia)演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)內(nei)容,學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)觀(guan)察或親自參與(yu)有趣的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan),會對接下(xia)(xia)來(lai)(lai)要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)興趣。如:做(zuo)(zuo)全(quan)(quan)息(xi)(xi)照(zhao)相(xiang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi),演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)白光再(zai)現(xian)全(quan)(quan)息(xi)(xi)照(zhao)片(pian);做(zuo)(zuo)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)物體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣量(liang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi),讓(rang)(rang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)參與(yu)演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)茹科夫斯(si)基凳;做(zuo)(zuo)受迫振動(dong)(dong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi),讓(rang)(rang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)參與(yu)演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)魚洗盆等。學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)完(wan)(wan)成實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)以后(hou),通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)對比可(ke)以引發(fa)(fa)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)思(si)考。(1)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)息(xi)(xi)照(zhao)相(xiang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)前演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)白光再(zai)現(xian)全(quan)(quan)息(xi)(xi)照(zhao)片(pian),而(er)各高校在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中做(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)都是(shi)激光再(zai)現(xian)全(quan)(quan)息(xi)(xi)照(zhao)片(pian)。做(zuo)(zuo)完(wan)(wan)全(quan)(quan)息(xi)(xi)照(zhao)相(xiang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)以后(hou),學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)會發(fa)(fa)現(xian)自己的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)片(pian)無法在(zai)白光下(xia)(xia)直接觀(guan)測(ce)(ce),而(er)需要(yao)在(zai)激光下(xia)(xia)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)。這時(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就會產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)疑問,為什么不(bu)讓(rang)(rang)我們(men)拍攝能直接在(zai)白光下(xia)(xia)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)白光再(zai)現(xian)全(quan)(quan)息(xi)(xi)照(zhao)片(pian),這樣(yang)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)起來(lai)(lai)不(bu)是(shi)更(geng)方便(bian)嗎?此時(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)師可(ke)以讓(rang)(rang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)課后(hou)查找相(xiang)關資料,然后(hou)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)報告上解釋這個問題(ti)。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)這樣(yang)帶著(zhu)(zhu)疑問去學(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng),學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對全(quan)(quan)息(xi)(xi)照(zhao)相(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)理解會更(geng)加(jia)深刻。(2)在(zai)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)物體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣量(liang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)前,學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)參與(yu)演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)茹科夫斯(si)基凳時(shi)(shi)(shi),雙(shuang)(shuang)臂(bei)平伸(shen)凳子轉(zhuan)速(su)減慢,雙(shuang)(shuang)臂(bei)收(shou)縮(suo)凳子轉(zhuan)速(su)加(jia)快。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)分析可(ke)以知道雙(shuang)(shuang)臂(bei)平伸(shen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣量(liang)大(da),雙(shuang)(shuang)臂(bei)收(shou)縮(suo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣量(liang)小,最終得出結論(lun)(lun):總質量(liang)一定的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia),質量(liang)分布離轉(zhuan)軸越遠,轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣量(liang)越大(da)。做(zuo)(zuo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)給學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)塑料圓(yuan)柱(zhu)、金屬圓(yuan)桶和實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心球的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)基本(ben)一樣(yang),讓(rang)(rang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)做(zuo)(zuo)完(wan)(wan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)來(lai)(lai)驗(yan)(yan)證上面的(de)(de)(de)結論(lun)(lun)是(shi)否正確。學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)懷著(zhu)(zhu)好奇(qi)心,在(zai)做(zuo)(zuo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)就會更(geng)加(jia)認真,更(geng)有利于(yu)其能力的(de)(de)(de)培養。

查看全文

天然藥物化學設計性實驗教學模式探究

[摘(zhai)要]為(wei)(wei)改(gai)善我校天然藥(yao)物化學(xue)(xue)實驗的教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)效(xiao)果(guo),以(yi)“甘草(cao)中有效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)的提取(qu)和(he)(he)分(fen)離”為(wei)(wei)例(li),初(chu)步開(kai)展了設計性實驗教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模式(shi)的實施(shi)方(fang)案(an)和(he)(he)考核評價標準,該教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模式(shi)激發了學(xue)(xue)生學(xue)(xue)習動力(li)(li),增強(qiang)了學(xue)(xue)生的綜(zong)合能(neng)力(li)(li)。

[關鍵(jian)詞]天然藥物化(hua)學(xue);設計性實(shi)驗;教學(xue)模(mo)式;實(shi)踐

天然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)是研究天然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)中化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)成分的一門學(xue)科(ke),天然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)可(ke)以促(cu)進(jin)(jin)學(xue)生把理(li)論與(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐相結合,活(huo)學(xue)活(huo)用所學(xue)知識解決實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際出現的天然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)問題(ti)。為改善我(wo)校目前的天然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)現狀(zhuang),進(jin)(jin)行了設計(ji)性實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)模式的探索。

1天然藥物化(hua)學(xue)實驗教學(xue)模式單一

目前,我(wo)校(xiao)天然藥(yao)物化學實(shi)驗(yan)教(jiao)學模式(shi)主要還是(shi)以老(lao)師講授演示操作為(wei)主,該教(jiao)學模式(shi)下(xia)學生很難主動(dong)思考分析實(shi)驗(yan)現象(xiang),如黃(huang)芪(qi)多糖的(de)(de)提取分離(li)實(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)過程中,觀(guan)(guan)察到水煎煮黃(huang)芪(qi)會(hui)有大量泡沫(mo)產生,并會(hui)聞到特殊(shu)豆(dou)香味,但無(wu)法給出合(he)理(li)解釋;如色素提取分離(li)實(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)過程中,會(hui)從柱層析分離(li)實(shi)驗(yan)觀(guan)(guan)察到不同顏色的(de)(de)色帶按照(zhao)橙黃(huang)色、棕黃(huang)色、藍綠色和(he)黃(huang)綠色順序先后流出的(de)(de)實(shi)驗(yan)現象(xiang),但能合(he)理(li)解釋其中原由(you)的(de)(de)很少(shao)。為(wei)解決該問題采取了(le)預習(xi)報告(gao)的(de)(de)形式(shi),但是(shi)效果并不理(li)想。在這樣的(de)(de)單(dan)一教(jiao)學模式(shi)下(xia),學生被動(dong)學習(xi),綜合(he)能力(li)很難提高[1-2]。

2選擇(ze)設計性實驗教學模式(shi)

查看全文