實驗室安全管理體系建設范文
時(shi)間:2023-11-28 18:10:01
導語:如何才能寫(xie)好一篇實驗室(shi)安全管理體系(xi)建設,這就需要搜集整理更多(duo)的資料和(he)文(wen)獻(xian),歡(huan)迎閱讀由公務員之家整理的十篇范文(wen),供你借鑒(jian)。
篇1
關鍵字:工程建設,施工安全,安全管理,評價體系
隨著(zhu)我國(guo)基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)的(de)大力發(fa)(fa)展,建設(she)工(gong)程在全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)各地不(bu)斷(duan)出現,隨之而(er)來的(de)是(shi)(shi)大量的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)故的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng),除了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)些不(bu)可預(yu)料的(de)自然因素(su)外,出現安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)故的(de)主要原因是(shi)(shi)人為因素(su),尤其是(shi)(shi)工(gong)程人員對安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)重(zhong)視程度不(bu)夠。因此,應該切實加強施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員,包括(kuo)間接(jie)的(de)管理者和(he)直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)者的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)范(fan)意識,有效控制安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)故的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)概率。
一、影響工程建設施工安全(quan)的(de)因(yin)素分析
1、施工人員因素
參與施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員主體主要是(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)者和(he)(he)操作者。管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)者的(de)(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)高(gao),安全管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)決策能力就強,企業(ye)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就會有較強的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)規劃(hua)、目(mu)標管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織和(he)(he)技(ji)術指導(dao);操作者擁有過(guo)硬的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)技(ji)能,認(ren)真(zhen)負(fu)責的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作態度,以及遵(zun)紀守(shou)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze),才(cai)能夠(gou)有效地保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)安全施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
2、施工材料因素
施工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是保證(zheng)(zheng)施工(gong)安(an)(an)全的(de)基礎,材(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不符合要(yao)求,工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)就不可(ke)能符合標準,因此也難以保證(zheng)(zheng)施工(gong)過程的(de)安(an)(an)全。嚴格(ge)加強對建筑工(gong)程所需材(cai)料(liao)規格(ge)和(he)數量(liang)(liang)的(de)控制,是安(an)(an)全施工(gong)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)。
3、施工方法因素
施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中的方法,指在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目整個(ge)建設周期內所(suo)采取的技術方案(an)、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)、組織措施(shi)和檢測(ce)手段等。制定和審核施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)時,必須結合工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)際,從(cong)技術、管理(li)、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、組織、操(cao)作、經濟等方面進行全面分析、綜合考慮,以保證方案(an)有(you)利于提(ti)高質(zhi)量、加(jia)快進度、降低成本。
4、施工環境因素
影(ying)響施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量的環境(jing)因素主(zhu)要有(you):(1)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)環境(jing),如(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)水文地(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)件;(2)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管理環境(jing),如(ru)質(zhi)量保障體系和質(zhi)量管理制度(du)(du)(du)等;(3)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)作環境(jing),如(ru)人員配備、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設備、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作地(di)點等;(4)人文社會(hui)環境(jing),如(ru)社會(hui)風(feng)俗習(xi)慣、治安條(tiao)件、社會(hui)富裕程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)等;(5)自然氣(qi)候環境(jing),如(ru)氣(qi)象條(tiao)件、溫度(du)(du)(du)濕度(du)(du)(du)、風(feng)雨雷電以(yi)及自然災害等。
二、工程建設施工安全評價(jia)體(ti)系
1、施工安全評價要素(su)層(ceng)次列表
根據總體目標(biao),并將(jiang)由其引(yin)出的(de)指標(biao)和隸屬(shu)于指標(biao)的(de)要(yao)素(su)(su)分層(ceng)次(ci)排(pai)列(lie),由以上(shang)要(yao)素(su)(su)分析結果,可將(jiang)體系分為(wei)3層(ceng),第一層(ceng)是(shi)目標(biao)層(ceng),第二層(ceng)是(shi)指標(biao)層(ceng),第三(san)層(ceng)是(shi)要(yao)素(su)(su)層(ceng),由此建立評價要(yao)素(su)(su)層(ceng)次(ci)列(lie)表(表1)。
表1施工安全評價要素層次列表
目(mu)標層(ceng)A 指標層(ceng)B 要素層(ceng)C
建筑工程(cheng)質量監督(du)管理評價A
施工人員因素B1
管理者C1
操作者C2
施工材料因素B2
材料規格C3
材料數量C4
施工方法因素B3
技術方案C5
工藝流程C6
組織措施C7
檢測手段C8
施工環境因素B4
工程技術環境C9
工程管(guan)理環境(jing)C10
員(yuan)工(gong)勞作環境(jing)C11
人文社會環境(jing)C12
自(zi)然(ran)氣候環(huan)境(jing)C13
2、施工安全評價矩陣
根據資(zi)料研究,并對相關的一(yi)些專家(jia)(jia)進(jin)行(xing)問(wen)卷調查,將(jiang)專家(jia)(jia)的打分結果(guo)進(jin)行(xing)綜合(he)分析(xi),平均所有專家(jia)(jia)的打分,得到(dao)本(ben)文層次結構(gou)模型中(zhong)各層次要素兩兩比(bi)較(jiao)構(gou)造的判斷(duan)矩(ju)陣(zhen),本(ben)論(lun)文采用專家(jia)(jia)打分法對表1中(zhong)的各層次要素構(gou)造評價(jia)矩(ju)陣(zhen),以(yi)A評價(jia)矩(ju)陣(zhen)為例,如表2所示。
表2A評價矩陣
A B1 B2 B3 B4
B1 1 1 1 3
B2 1 1 1 3
B3 1 1 1 3
B4 1/3 1/3 1/3 1
3、評價(jia)矩陣(zhen)一致性
運用(yong)方根(gen)法計算各評價矩陣的(de)(de)最大特征(zheng)根(gen)及其相應的(de)(de)特征(zheng)向量,將評價矩陣最大特征(zheng)根(gen)外的(de)(de)特征(zheng)根(gen)的(de)(de)平均值的(de)(de)負值,作(zuo)為度量矩陣是否滿足(zu)一致性的(de)(de)標準(zhun),記(ji)為 。
評價矩陣一致性的(de)度量,采用(yong)隨機平(ping)均一致性的(de)指標 值(如表3)。
表(biao)3隨機(ji)平均一(yi)致性指(zhi)標( )
矩陣階數 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0.00 0.00 0.58 0.90 1.12 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.45
評(ping)價矩陣的(de)一致性指標 與(yu)同一階次隨機(ji)平均一致性指標 的(de)比值稱(cheng)為隨機(ji)一致性比率,記為 。當
時,即認為評價矩陣具(ju)(ju)有滿意的一致(zhi)性。經檢驗(yan),所有評價矩陣均具(ju)(ju)有滿意的一致(zhi)性。
4、建立施工安全評價體系
綜合以上的(de)計算結果,可建(jian)立工程建(jian)設施工安全評價(jia)體系,如表5所示(shi)。
表5工程(cheng)建設施工安全評價體系
層次B
層次C B1 B2 B3 B4 層次C總排序W 優先(xian)
順序
0.300 0.300 0.300 0.100
C1 0.50 0 0 0 0.150 1
C2 0.50 0 0 0 0.150 1
C3 0 0.50 0 0 0.150 1
C4 0 0.50 0 0 0.150 1
C5 0 0 0.25 0 0.075 5
C6 0 0 0.25 0 0.075 5
C7 0 0 0.25 0 0.075 5
C8 0 0 0.25 0 0.075 5
C9 0 0 0 0.25 0.025 10
C10 0 0 0 0.30 0.030 9
C11 0 0 0 0.15 0.015 11
C12 0 0 0 0.15 0.015 11
C13 0 0 0 0.15 0.015 11
從上(shang)述工(gong)程建設(she)施(shi)工(gong)安全評價體(ti)系可以看(kan)出,影響施(shi)工(gong)安全的(de)主要(yao)因素是(shi):工(gong)程管理領導(dao)者和施(shi)工(gong)技術人員的(de)素質(zhi),以及施(shi)工(gong)材料的(de)質(zhi)量。
三、提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)程建設施工(gong)的安全管理水平
根據工程建(jian)設施工安(an)(an)全評價體系,認(ren)為從以下(xia)方面可以提高工程建(jian)設施工的安(an)(an)全管理水平。
1.增強(qiang)工(gong)程建設施工(gong)領導(dao)者的安全意識。
工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)是一項復雜性(xing)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),因(yin)此,安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)隊伍素質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)是保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)。目前我國的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故的(de)(de)頻(pin)發與工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目參與人員的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意(yi)識淡(dan)薄有密切關系。因(yin)此,增強領導者(zhe)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意(yi)識,將安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)落到實處,是解決工(gong)(gong)(gong)程安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)問題的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。
2.嚴(yan)格控制施工材料的質量。
工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理人員和操(cao)作人員要確定(ding)所需材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)品牌、材(cai)(cai)(cai)質、規格,精(jing)心測算所需材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)數量(liang),組織材(cai)(cai)(cai)料商供(gong)貨(huo)并做好調研選好合(he)格材(cai)(cai)(cai)料:(1)檢查材(cai)(cai)(cai)料生產商及(ji)供(gong)貨(huo)商的(de)(de)相關手續是否合(he)法且完備(bei);(2)考察材(cai)(cai)(cai)料生產廠家的(de)(de)經營狀況、銷(xiao)售規模和配套服務(wu)保障等情況;(3)考察材(cai)(cai)(cai)料生產廠家的(de)(de)質量(liang)管(guan)理系統(tong),是否取得國(guo)家及(ji)行業的(de)(de)相關安全(quan)資質,以及(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)質量(liang)與同行業同類產品的(de)(de)比較等。
總結:
工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)施(shi)工(gong)過程中出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全問題,會(hui)造(zao)成嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)危害,不僅關系到施(shi)工(gong)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)生存(cun),甚至(zhi)會(hui)威脅人民群(qun)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命財產(chan)安全,因(yin)此,提高工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全管理水平具有重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。
參考文獻:
[1]高(gao)軍.淺談(tan)工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)施(shi)工中的安全管(guan)理[J].科技風,2010,(08)
篇2
學(xue)生安(an)(an)全(quan)員(yuan)開(kai)(kai)放實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)管理體(ti)系全(quan)面開(kai)(kai)放實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi),已成為當今(jin)高(gao)校實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)改革發展的必然趨勢(shi),但隨(sui)著實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)的全(quan)面開(kai)(kai)放,實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)的安(an)(an)全(quan)問題更加(jia)的凸出(chu)。在(zai)對實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)提出(chu)更高(gao)要求的同時,也給實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)管理工作增加(jia)了難(nan)度。
開(kai)放(fang)實驗室(shi)在運行和管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)過程中,影響實驗室(shi)安(an)全方面的因(yin)素很多:實驗項目較多且較分散;進入實驗室(shi)的學生人(ren)數較為分散,時(shi)間不集中;安(an)全、環保意識薄弱;管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)不健全,規章(zhang)制(zhi)度不完善;管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念滯(zhi)后(hou)等。這些存(cun)在的問題對實驗室(shi)安(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)提(ti)出了新(xin)的要求(qiu)。因(yin)此(ci),如何提(ti)高師生的安(an)全預防意識,構建一個能適應開(kai)放(fang)實驗室(shi)的安(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)(xi),成為要亟待解決的問題。
一、以學生為本的指導(dao)思(si)想,對實驗(yan)室的安全管理提出了新的思(si)路
以(yi)學生(sheng)(sheng)為本的指(zhi)導思想,要求(qiu)實驗室(shi)的各(ge)項管(guan)理要與之相適應:實驗內容上(shang)(shang)要面向(xiang)學生(sheng)(sheng)因材施教,培(pei)養(yang)學生(sheng)(sheng)的創新創業意識和動手實踐能力;在開放的時間上(shang)(shang),盡量滿足同學的合理要求(qiu)。
以(yi)學生為(wei)本的(de)指(zhi)導思想,同(tong)樣也為(wei)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)安(an)(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)提供新(xin)的(de)思路(lu):可以(yi)把學生納(na)入到管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)當(dang)中(zhong),由原來的(de)被(bei)管(guan)理(li)(li)者轉變為(wei)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)安(an)(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)者,發(fa)揮學生安(an)(an)全員(yuan)在(zai)管(guan)理(li)(li)時間、特殊身份、模(mo)范帶頭(tou)等方面(mian)的(de)作用,把實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)安(an)(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)當(dang)中(zhong)的(de)一些細小安(an)(an)全隱(yin)患消滅在(zai)萌芽當(dang)中(zhong)。
二、構建學生安(an)全員參與的開放(fang)實(shi)驗室(shi)安(an)全管理體(ti)系
針對(dui)學生安全員(yuan)的(de)特點(dian)和特殊身(shen)份,需(xu)分別從安全管(guan)理制(zhi)度體(ti)系(xi)、安全技術保障措(cuo)施、安全教(jiao)育體(ti)系(xi)、監(jian)督檢查保障體(ti)系(xi)等(deng)各(ge)方面與之協(xie)調配(pei)合(he)。
1.建立(li)適(shi)應學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)安全(quan)(quan)員(yuan)參與(yu)的安全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度體系(xi)。把(ba)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)安全(quan)(quan)員(yuan)引入(ru)到(dao)實驗室安全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體系(xi)當中,制(zhi)度是保證(zheng)。在對已有安全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)度整(zheng)理(li)(li)的基礎上,修定改進,建立(li)一整(zheng)套(tao)完(wan)備(bei)的規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)度,對學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)安全(quan)(quan)員(yuan)的管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)員(yuan)身份、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)權限、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)職責等相關的內容以規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)度的形式規(gui)范確立(li)。
2.對(dui)學生安全(quan)(quan)(quan)員進(jin)行(xing)技術培訓(xun),做(zuo)好(hao)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)保障(zhang)措施。對(dui)學生安全(quan)(quan)(quan)員進(jin)行(xing)培訓(xun)分(fen)為(wei)兩方(fang)(fang)面:一方(fang)(fang)面,針對(dui)實驗設備(bei)及(ji)實驗過程(cheng)中(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)問題進(jin)行(xing)應急處(chu)理(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)培訓(xun);另一方(fang)(fang)面,進(jin)行(xing)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)員自身的(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)范和(he)自我保護培訓(xun)。
3.擴(kuo)大安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)宣(xuan)傳,為學(xue)生安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)員順利開(kai)展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)鋪平道路。加大教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)宣(xuan)傳工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),使學(xue)生和教(jiao)(jiao)師能夠(gou)了(le)解此項制度,配合安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)員開(kai)展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo);同時也自(zi)覺(jue)規范自(zi)己在(zai)實驗室里的行為,對安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題時刻予以警(jing)惕。
4.落實(shi)監督檢查保(bao)障措施,使安(an)全工作真正抓到實(shi)處。建(jian)立實(shi)驗室(shi)管理(li)員與(yu)學生(sheng)安(an)全員相(xiang)互協調相(xiang)互配合的管理(li)機制,使二(er)者在實(shi)驗室(shi)管理(li)中充分發揮自(zi)己的優勢,同時(shi)建(jian)立對機制的監督檢查體系(xi),避免出現對安(an)全責任問題相(xiang)互推諉,進而產生(sheng)麻痹大(da)意的現象(xiang)。
整(zheng)套安全(quan)管(guan)理體系(xi)在運(yun)行(xing)之初要(yao)充分聽(ting)取各方面的意見(jian)建議,對其不斷完善改進(jin),最(zui)后以制度形式予(yu)以確(que)立,在開放實驗室安全(quan)管(guan)理當中發揮積極作用。
三(san)、學生(sheng)安全(quan)員參與的開放(fang)實驗室(shi)安全(quan)管理體系在建設中(zhong)需(xu)注意(yi)的問題
1.重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)全(quan)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)考(kao)察(cha)聘用(yong)。學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)全(quan)員(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)為(wei)本安(an)全(quan)體(ti)系的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)與者,其作(zuo)用(yong)至關(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)要。在選(xuan)(xuan)擇學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)全(quan)員(yuan)(yuan)時(shi),注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)責任(ren)心的(de)(de)考(kao)察(cha)。挑選(xuan)(xuan)有責任(ren)心的(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)進行培訓,考(kao)核通過后(hou),和學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)簽訂聘用(yong)書(shu)。
為了(le)能夠激發學生(sheng)熱情,保持(chi)長期(qi)認真負責,可(ke)采用勤(qin)工(gong)儉(jian)學的(de)形式,對學生(sheng)安全員進行(xing)適當的(de)經濟補(bu)助,這樣既(ji)有(you)利于學生(sheng)安全員隊伍的(de)穩定,也可(ke)以保證整個安全體(ti)系(xi)的(de)長期(qi)有(you)效運轉。
2.明確學生(sheng)安全員在整個(ge)管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)的(de)作(zuo)用,不能過度依(yi)賴。學生(sheng)安全員雖然在安全管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)當中(zhong)發(fa)揮了(le)重要作(zuo)用,但(dan)只能看成(cheng)是(shi)整個(ge)完(wan)備安全體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)一個(ge)有益補充。學生(sheng)安全員由于經驗(yan)、精力、責任心等方面原因(yin),難免出現工作(zuo)不到位的(de)情(qing)況,畢竟(jing)他們不是(shi)安全體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)責任承(cheng)擔者(zhe),過度的(de)依(yi)賴安全員,把(ba)大部(bu)或(huo)全部(bu)安全保(bao)障任務(wu)都落(luo)實給他們,一旦發(fa)生(sheng)問題,將(jiang)會(hui)造成(cheng)嚴重后(hou)果。
四、構(gou)建學生安(an)全員參與的開放(fang)實驗室安(an)全管理體系的作(zuo)用和意義(yi)
1.有(you)助于填補實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室管理(li)員(yuan)的(de)(de)管理(li)真(zhen)空。開放(fang)(fang)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室要(yao)求在開放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)時間(jian)上,盡量滿(man)足同(tong)學的(de)(de)合理(li)要(yao)求。在正常工作日白天全(quan)天開放(fang)(fang),晚(wan)間(jian)及節假日實(shi)行預約開放(fang)(fang),特(te)殊情況(kuang)下24小時開放(fang)(fang),使學生(sheng)能夠有(you)足夠的(de)(de)時間(jian)去(qu)完成(cheng)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目。這(zhe)其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)些時間(jian)段管理(li)員(yuan)是(shi)無(wu)法(fa)一(yi)直陪同(tong)的(de)(de),學生(sheng)安全(quan)員(yuan)相(xiang)對于管理(li)員(yuan)時間(jian)更靈活,對實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室的(de)(de)安全(quan)可以做到有(you)效的(de)(de)監督,減少安全(quan)隱(yin)患。
2.由(you)于特殊(shu)的身(shen)份(fen)優勢,學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)員(yuan)和(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)之間更易(yi)溝通,和(he)(he)正(zheng)式管(guan)理員(yuan)相(xiang)比,對某些安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)問題的處理可能(neng)效果(guo)更好。學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)員(yuan)和(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)之間相(xiang)對熟悉,安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)員(yuan)對自己同(tong)(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的一句提醒,一句囑托,實(shi)驗(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)更易(yi)接受且(qie)印象深刻。由(you)于實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)管(guan)理員(yuan)和(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)之間的年齡和(he)(he)身(shen)份(fen)的差異,老師的一句真誠提醒可能(neng)被學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)誤讀(du)為嘮叨或命令,很(hen)容易(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)抵觸心(xin)理,無形中(zhong)增加(jia)了實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患。
3.有助于加(jia)強(qiang)學(xue)(xue)生的自我(wo)約束的意(yi)(yi)識(shi),提高重視(shi)實驗室安(an)(an)全管(guan)理的氛(fen)圍。學(xue)(xue)生安(an)(an)全員是經(jing)過培訓聘任后上崗的,有良好的安(an)(an)全防范意(yi)(yi)識(shi),安(an)(an)全員們在平時的學(xue)(xue)習(xi)工(gong)作中,會產(chan)生良好的模(mo)范帶頭(tou)作用,提高了其他同學(xue)(xue)的自我(wo)約束意(yi)(yi)識(shi),加(jia)強(qiang)了重視(shi)實驗室安(an)(an)全管(guan)理的氛(fen)圍。
構(gou)建高(gao)效(xiao)實(shi)(shi)用的(de)開(kai)放實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi),已成(cheng)為(wei)每個高(gao)校的(de)重要(yao)任(ren)務。把學生(sheng)安(an)全(quan)員引入到高(gao)校開(kai)放實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室的(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi),能充分發揮學生(sheng)安(an)全(quan)員的(de)特(te)殊優(you)勢(shi),把實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)當(dang)中的(de)一些細小安(an)全(quan)隱患消滅在萌芽狀態(tai),對實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)產生(sheng)一定借(jie)鑒意(yi)義。
參考文獻:
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篇3
根據教育(yu)部(bu)辦(ban)公(gong)廳《》的(de)要求,結合教育(yu)系統實際(ji),制定本實施方(fang)案。
一、整治目標
以(yi)*思想(xiang)為(wei)指(zhi)導(dao),全(quan)(quan)面(mian)貫徹落實關于安全(quan)(quan)生產的(de)重要論述和(he)指(zhi)示精神,按照(zhao)教育部(bu)和(he)自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)黨w、ZF的(de)決策部(bu)署。堅持問(wen)題導(dao)向、目(mu)標導(dao)向和(he)結果導(dao)向,深化源頭(tou)治(zhi)(zhi)理、系(xi)統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)理和(he)綜合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理。
通過專項整治,推(tui)動各地(di)各學校樹牢安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)發(fa)展理念(nian),強化底線思維(wei)和(he)(he)紅線意(yi)識(shi),進(jin)一步建立健全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理制(zhi)度(du)機制(zhi),完善責(ze)任體系(xi)和(he)(he)風(feng)險防控體系(xi),扎(zha)實(shi)推(tui)進(jin)教(jiao)育系(xi)統(tong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)治理體系(xi)和(he)(he)治理能力現代化,堅(jian)決杜絕重(zhong)特大事(shi)故發(fa)生,確保安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)形勢持續向好,實(shi)現教(jiao)育系(xi)統(tong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)發(fa)展高質量(liang)發(fa)展。
二、主要任務
(一)推進安全責任體系建設。
進一(yi)步完善對盟市、高校(xiao)學(xue)校(xiao)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)考核評價(jia)辦法,推動健全(quan)(quan)(quan)地方ZF的領(ling)導(dao)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)、教(jiao)育部門(men)的監管責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)和學(xue)校(xiao)的主體(ti)(ti)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)。按照“黨政同責(ze)(ze)(ze)、一(yi)崗2責(ze)(ze)(ze)、齊抓共管、失職追責(ze)(ze)(ze)”和“三個(ge)必須”的要(yao)求,建立(li)人人有責(ze)(ze)(ze)、層層負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)、各負(fu)其責(ze)(ze)(ze)的全(quan)(quan)(quan)員安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)系和明責(ze)(ze)(ze)、知責(ze)(ze)(ze)、履(lv)責(ze)(ze)(ze)、問責(ze)(ze)(ze)的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)運(yun)行機制(zhi),加(jia)強學(xue)校(xiao)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)制(zhi)度(du)化(hua)、規范化(hua)和標(biao)準化(hua)建設。(責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)處室:人事處、學(xue)校(xiao)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理處、督導(dao)室)
(二)推(tui)進(jin)安全管理(li)體系建(jian)設。
推(tui)進安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)宣(xuan)傳教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)和(he)(he)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)體系建(jian)設(she)。把關于安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產重要(yao)(yao)論述和(he)(he)有(you)關法規文件(jian)納入各級(ji)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部門、高(gao)校(xiao)黨w(黨組)理論中心組學(xue)習重要(yao)(yao)內容,通過(guo)集(ji)中學(xue)習、專題研討、培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)等形式(shi),及時傳達貫徹中央和(he)(he)自(zi)治區黨w、ZF的決(jue)策(ce)部署(shu),定期研究學(xue)校(xiao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理工(gong)作。各級(ji)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部門要(yao)(yao)牢固樹(shu)立(li)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)發展理念,推(tui)進安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)宣(xuan)傳教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)常態化、制度(du)化,指導學(xue)校(xiao)建(jian)立(li)教(jiao)(jiao)職員工(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)業(ye)務培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)制度(du),嚴格落實學(xue)生(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)有(you)關要(yao)(yao)求,不斷師生(sheng)提升(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)素(su)養和(he)(he)風險識別(bie)能(neng)力(li)(li),提高(gao)應急處(chu)置和(he)(he)自(zi)救互救能(neng)力(li)(li)。(責任處(chu)室:辦公室、機關黨w、學(xue)校(xiao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理處(chu)、基礎教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)處(chu)、高(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)處(chu)、職業(ye)與成(cheng)人教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)處(chu))
(三)推進安全(quan)基礎(chu)保障體系建設。
推動地方ZF落實安(an)全投入有關(guan)政策措施(shi),加大學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)安(an)防(fang)基(ji)礎設施(shi)建設力度,進一(yi)步(bu)完善(shan)安(an)全保障條件(jian)。制定出臺學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)安(an)全有關(guan)地方性法(fa)規和(he)(he)(he)標準,規范(fan)安(an)全管理、事故處置(zhi)、責(ze)任追究等(deng)行為。加強高校(xiao)安(an)全學(xue)(xue)科專業建設和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)才培養,為學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)安(an)全管理提供人(ren)才支持。以學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)視頻監(jian)控聯網應(ying)用(yong)為重點(dian),構建自(zi)治區、盟市、旗縣(xian)、學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)視頻監(jian)控聯網系(xi)統和(he)(he)(he)連接公安(an)部門(men)的應(ying)急(ji)報警(jing)系(xi)統,實現隱(yin)患排(pai)查(cha)、問題(ti)清單、日常巡查(cha)和(he)(he)(he)應(ying)急(ji)處置(zhi)信息(xi)化(hua)。(責(ze)任處室:財務處、政策法(fa)規處、高等(deng)教育處、學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)安(an)全管理處、科技與信息(xi)化(hua)處、信息(xi)中心)
(四)推進安全風險管控和隱患治理(li)體系建設。
建立安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患“三個清(qing)單”(問題清(qing)單、責任清(qing)單、整改清(qing)單)制度。各(ge)級教育部門要指導學(xue)校定期(qi)開展安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患排查(cha)和(he)風險(xian)辨識(shi)評估(gu),健全(quan)(quan)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)風險(xian)評估(gu)、管(guan)控(kong)、公告(gao)制度,落實(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)風險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)措(cuo)施,實(shi)現(xian)隱(yin)患排查(cha)、登記、整治、報告(gao)、消賬閉環管(guan)理。推動(dong)各(ge)級建立學(xue)校安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)聯席會議(yi)機制,加(jia)強與(yu)應急、市場、公安(an)(an)等部門的協同聯動(dong),促進資源共享、信息互通(tong)和(he)綜合(he)治理,形成護校安(an)(an)園工作(zuo)合(he)力。(責任處(chu)室(shi):學(xue)校安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理處(chu)、各(ge)有關(guan)業(ye)務處(chu)室(shi))
(五)推進應急處置能(neng)力體系建設。
全面修訂完善(shan)教育系統(tong)突(tu)(tu)發事件應急(ji)(ji)預(yu)案,進一步規范值(zhi)(zhi)班值(zhi)(zhi)守(shou)、突(tu)(tu)發事件信息(xi)報(bao)告和應急(ji)(ji)響(xiang)應制(zhi)度、程序。嚴格落實(shi)學(xue)校(xiao)應急(ji)(ji)演(yan)練制(zhi)度,定(ding)期(qi)組織(zhi)師(shi)生(sheng)開展應急(ji)(ji)演(yan)練。建立健全輿情監測、研判和處置機制(zhi),提高風(feng)險防范能力。(責(ze)任處室:辦公室、學(xue)校(xiao)安(an)全管理處、學(xue)生(sheng)與思想政治工作處、科技與信息(xi)化處)
三、開展重(zhong)點(dian)領域(yu)安全專項整治
(一)開(kai)展(zhan)學校食品(pin)安全專項(xiang)整治。
以開(kai)展“校園食品(pin)安全守護行動”為重點,聚焦校園食品(pin)安全突出問題和薄弱(ruo)環節,進一步推動落(luo)實學(xue)校食品(pin)安全主體責任(ren)和教育部門監管責任(ren),嚴(yan)管嚴(yan)控食品(pin)經(jing)營(ying)風險,堅決防范校園發(fa)生群體性重大食品(pin)安全事故。
*年,全(quan)區學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)、幼(you)兒園食(shi)堂“明廚亮灶”率達到*%,“四D”、“六T”廚房規(gui)范(fan)化建(jian)(jian)設全(quan)面啟(qi)動,中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)、幼(you)兒園相關(guan)負責人陪餐(can)制全(quan)覆(fu)蓋建(jian)(jian)立,創造條件推進家長陪餐(can)制度實施;*年,全(quan)區學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)、幼(you)兒園食(shi)堂“明廚亮灶”率達到*%;*年,全(quan)區學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)、幼(you)兒園食(shi)堂餐(can)飲(yin)服務從(cong)業人員食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)知(zhi)識(shi)培(pei)訓(xun)率達到*%,食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)知(zhi)識(shi)抽查考(kao)核合格(ge)率達到*%以上,中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)生食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)知(zhi)識(shi)知(zhi)曉率達到*%。實施大宗食(shi)品(pin)原(yuan)料(liao)公開(kai)招(zhao)標、集中(zhong)定點采(cai)購的(de)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)、幼(you)兒園食(shi)堂達到*%以上。(責任處(chu)室(shi):學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)安(an)全(quan)管理處(chu)、體育(yu)(yu)與衛(wei)生藝術教育(yu)(yu)處(chu))
(二)開(kai)展學校消(xiao)防安全(quan)專項(xiang)整治。
以完善(shan)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)基礎設(she)施、打通(tong)(tong)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)生(sheng)命通(tong)(tong)道(dao)和微(wei)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)站建設(she)為重(zhong)點,*年,集中解(jie)決一批校(xiao)舍消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)驗收問題,完成校(xiao)園消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)清理、劃線(xian)標(biao)識和暢(chang)通(tong)(tong)工作,重(zhong)點部(bu)位微(wei)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)站全覆蓋(gai),中小(xiao)學(xue)全面啟動消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)操活(huo)(huo)動;*年,城(cheng)市(shi)校(xiao)舍消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)未驗收問題得到(dao)基本解(jie)決,城(cheng)市(shi)校(xiao)園微(wei)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)站達到(dao)全覆蓋(gai),中小(xiao)學(xue)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)操活(huo)(huo)動全面開展;
*年,全區校(xiao)舍(she)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)未驗收問(wen)題(ti)得(de)到基(ji)本解決,消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)基(ji)礎(chu)設施正常運行(xing),校(xiao)園微(wei)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)站達到全覆蓋,各(ge)級各(ge)類學校(xiao)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)安(an)(an)全制度健全,專業管(guan)理人員(yuan)滿足消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)管(guan)理工作(zuo)需(xu)要,消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)安(an)(an)全教育、應急疏(shu)散(san)演練(lian)常態化(hua)開展,消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)安(an)(an)全管(guan)理水平進(jin)一步提(ti)升。(責任處室:學校(xiao)安(an)(an)全管(guan)理處、各(ge)有關業務處室)
(三)開展校(xiao)園及周邊環境整治(zhi)。
以“護校安園(yuan)專項(xiang)行動”為抓手,加快推進《中(zhong)小學(xue)幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)安防建設三(san)年行動計劃》。在*年完成中(zhong)小學(xue)與城市(shi)幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)專職保(bao)安員配(pei)(pei)備(bei)率(lv)、封閉(bi)化管理、一鍵(jian)(jian)式緊急報警(jing)(jing)、視頻監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統達(da)標(biao)(biao)率(lv)、城市(shi)校園(yuan)“護學(xue)崗(gang)”“四個*%”的基礎上,*年,城鎮幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)專職保(bao)安員配(pei)(pei)備(bei)率(lv)、一鍵(jian)(jian)式緊急報警(jing)(jing)、視頻監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統達(da)標(biao)(biao)率(lv)、“護學(xue)崗(gang)”達(da)到(dao)(dao)*%;*年,鄉(xiang)村(cun)幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)專職保(bao)安員配(pei)(pei)備(bei)率(lv)、一鍵(jian)(jian)式緊急報警(jing)(jing)、視頻監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統達(da)標(biao)(biao)率(lv)達(da)到(dao)(dao)*%,城鎮幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)封閉(bi)化管理達(da)到(dao)(dao)*%;*年,全區中(zhong)小學(xue)幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)完全實現“三(san)個*%”。
以建立(li)和(he)完(wan)善(shan)學校聯(lian)(lian)席(xi)會議機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)為重點,協調(diao)有關部門加強月(yue)會商機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)、定(ding)期(qi)通(tong)報機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)、聯(lian)(lian)合整治機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)、督導(dao)檢(jian)查機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)、聯(lian)(lian)動(dong)應急處置機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)建設,持續(xu)開(kai)展校園(yuan)周邊治安(an)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、文化環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、食(shi)品衛生(sheng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、交通(tong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)整治,形成(cheng)常態化護校安(an)園(yuan)工作合力。(責任(ren)處室:學校安(an)全管理(li)處、督導(dao)室)
(四)開展(zhan)實(shi)驗室危化品安(an)全專項整治(zhi)。
按照“誰(shui)主管(guan)誰(shui)負責(ze)(ze)(ze)、誰(shui)使用(yong)誰(shui)負責(ze)(ze)(ze)”的原則,進一步健全(quan)(quan)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)及危(wei)化(hua)(hua)品(pin)安全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任體(ti)系和運行機制(zhi)(zhi),明確(que)安全(quan)(quan)主體(ti)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任和日常管(guan)理(li)(li)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任,形(xing)成從購買、儲存、使用(yong)、監督到(dao)廢棄物處理(li)(li)全(quan)(quan)主體(ti)、全(quan)(quan)品(pin)種、全(quan)(quan)鏈條(tiao)監管(guan)體(ti)系。*年,全(quan)(quan)面排查各(ge)級各(ge)類(lei)學校實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)及危(wei)化(hua)(hua)品(pin)現狀(zhuang),摸清底數,建(jian)立危(wei)險源電子臺賬、分布(bu)圖,完(wan)成重大安全(quan)(quan)隱患整改;*年,完(wan)善各(ge)級各(ge)類(lei)學校實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)及危(wei)化(hua)(hua)品(pin)安全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、突發事件應急預案及處置機制(zhi)(zhi),改善重大危(wei)險源儲存管(guan)理(li)(li)條(tiao)件;
*年,各(ge)級各(ge)類(lei)學(xue)校實(shi)驗室及危化(hua)品安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)制度、應急處置機(ji)制全(quan)(quan)面建立(li),日(ri)常(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)職(zhi)責明晰,運行科學(xue)規范(fan)、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)有(you)(you)序,有(you)(you)關(guan)管(guan)理(li)人員(yuan)、科研實(shi)驗人員(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)育培訓(每年不少于*周)制度常(chang)(chang)態化(hua),建立(li)高等學(xue)校科研實(shi)驗室重大危險(xian)源(yuan)在線監(jian)測(ce)預(yu)警機(ji)制。(責任處室:科技與(yu)信(xin)息化(hua)處、基(ji)礎教(jiao)育處、高等教(jiao)育處、學(xue)校安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)處)
(五)開展校車交通安全整治。
嚴格(ge)落實《校車(che)(che)安(an)全(quan)管理(li)條例》,繼(ji)續推(tui)動各級ZF建(jian)立(li)多渠道(dao)籌措(cuo)校車(che)(che)經費(fei)的(de)(de)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),通(tong)過財政資(zi)助、稅收優(you)惠、鼓勵社會捐(juan)贈等(deng)多種方式推(tui)動校車(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)度實施(shi)。協調配合應(ying)急(ji)、公安(an)、交(jiao)通(tong)等(deng)相(xiang)關部門建(jian)立(li)應(ying)急(ji)救援機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),持續開展(zhan)拉(la)載學(xue)生車(che)(che)輛(liang)、校園周邊交(jiao)通(tong)環(huan)境(jing)綜合整(zheng)治(zhi),堅決杜絕非法(fa)校車(che)(che)和(he)黑(hei)校車(che)(che)接送(song)學(xue)生的(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。督促(cu)指導學(xue)校和(he)校車(che)(che)服(fu)務機(ji)構嚴格(ge)落實校車(che)(che)安(an)全(quan)管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度,完善服(fu)務方案,加強(qiang)對駕駛(shi)人和(he)隨車(che)(che)管理(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)培訓,強(qiang)化源頭(tou)管理(li)、動態監測,保(bao)障學(xue)生交(jiao)通(tong)安(an)全(quan)。(責任處(chu)室:學(xue)校安(an)全(quan)管理(li)處(chu)、督導室)
四、時間安排(pai)和要求
(一(yi))動員(yuan)部署(*年*月-*月)。
制(zhi)定印(yin)發(fa)《全區教育(yu)系統安全專(zhuan)(zhuan)項整(zheng)治三年(nian)行動實施(shi)方(fang)案(an)》,各級(ji)教育(yu)部(bu)門(men)、高等學校根據(ju)《實施(shi)方(fang)案(an)》的要(yao)求分層制(zhi)定具體實施(shi)方(fang)案(an),落實專(zhuan)(zhuan)項整(zheng)治分工(gong)責任,成立工(gong)作專(zhuan)(zhuan)班,全面部(bu)署和啟動專(zhuan)(zhuan)項整(zheng)治工(gong)作。
(二)排查整治(zhi)(*年(nian)*月至*年(nian)*月)。
按照《實施方案》提出的重點領(ling)域專項整治(zhi)工作任(ren)務,全(quan)面排查摸清底數,找準問(wen)題和薄弱環節(jie),制定整改措施,明(ming)確整改責任(ren)時限,確保按時完(wan)成年度工作目標任(ren)務。
(三)集中攻堅(*年(nian)全年(nian))。
在全面排查(cha)、建立“三(san)個(ge)清單”的基礎(chu)上,堅持立查(cha)立改(gai)、邊(bian)查(cha)邊(bian)改(gai),實行(xing)(xing)(xing)問(wen)題銷號管(guan)理(li)。要對梳理(li)出的重點難點問(wen)題進行(xing)(xing)(xing)專題研究(jiu),實行(xing)(xing)(xing)領導包案制度,細化(hua)責任和(he)措施(shi),加大(da)攻堅力度,確(que)保(bao)專項(xiang)整治取(qu)得明顯成效。
篇4
關鍵詞(ci):農產(chan)品;質量安全;管理體系
1前言
我(wo)國是(shi)農(nong)(nong)業大國,也正是(shi)因為如此,我(wo)國歷來(lai)對農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)發(fa)展給予了(le)高度(du)的(de)(de)重(zhong)視。尤其是(shi)伴隨著改革開放以來(lai),我(wo)國的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)農(nong)(nong)業經濟更是(shi)迎(ying)來(lai)了(le)前所未有的(de)(de)良好發(fa)展機遇。在這樣(yang)的(de)(de)現(xian)實背景下,如何進(jin)一(yi)步加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)產品質量安全管(guan)理顯得尤為重(zhong)要。
2我(wo)國農(nong)產品質量安(an)全管理體系的現狀分析
2.1進一步加強農產品質量安全管理的重要性分(fen)析
長期以(yi)來,我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)首要任(ren)務就是(shi)(shi)(shi)有效(xiao)保障農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)供給,追求產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)增加,應該說這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由我國(guo)正處(chu)于并將長期處(chu)于社會主義(yi)發展(zhan)初級(ji)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)情(qing)所(suo)決定的(de)(de)(de)。近些年來,隨著(zhu)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)加快,農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)供求逐(zhu)步進入平(ping)衡、穩定甚至還(huan)有所(suo)富余的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態,人(ren)(ren)們生活(huo)(huo)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)也使(shi)得人(ren)(ren)們對(dui)生活(huo)(huo)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)有了(le)(le)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)追求,諸多(duo)因(yin)素將農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工作擺到了(le)(le)極為突出的(de)(de)(de)位置。另外,公(gong)眾(zhong)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)要求日(ri)益(yi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng),這(zhe)與經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)有著(zhu)莫大的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯,在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)相對(dui)落(luo)后的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)下,人(ren)(ren)們只要吃得飽就好(hao)(hao),而隨著(zhu)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),生活(huo)(huo)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng),人(ren)(ren)們不(bu)僅僅追求吃得飽,更(geng)要求吃得好(hao)(hao),更(geng)加關(guan)系(xi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)符合質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)準,是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)真正安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)真正有益(yi)于身體健康。在(zai)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)背(bei)景下,如何有效(xiao)統籌數(shu)量(liang)(liang)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和(he)效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)就尤為關(guan)鍵。最后,農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)關(guan)系(xi)到農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵因(yin)素。農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)高低,直接(jie)影響農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)健康發展(zhan)。發展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)市場競爭力(li),質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)關(guan)鍵。因(yin)此,必須全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)力(li)以(yi)赴,強化質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監管,提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水平(ping)。
2.2農產品質量安全管(guan)理的現(xian)狀分析
從目前了解的實際情況來看,我國農產品質量(liang)安全管理體系尚且(qie)不夠健全、完善,具體來說,主要體現(xian)在以下幾個(ge)方面:
2.2.1農業標(biao)準的落后與缺乏(fa)
在(zai)世界主要的(de)(de)(de)發達國(guo)家,通常是(shi)2年或者5年修訂(ding)一(yi)次農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)標準(zhun),而在(zai)我國(guo),通常都是(shi)10年左右的(de)(de)(de)事件才會對(dui)現行的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)進行修訂(ding)。另外,我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業標準(zhun)種類也相對(dui)缺乏。從(cong)當前的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況來(lai)看(kan),我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業標準(zhun)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)圍(wei)繞農(nong)作物生產(chan)(chan)操作技術規程(cheng)展開的(de)(de)(de),關于農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)殘留安(an)全限(xian)(xian)量(liang)標準(zhun)、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)分級標準(zhun)以及市(shi)場準(zhun)入等方面的(de)(de)(de)相關規定較少(shao),甚(shen)至根(gen)本(ben)沒(mei)有(you)。需要注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)還無(wu)法(fa)實(shi)施標準(zhun)化的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)。我國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)源(yuan)大多(duo)(duo)都是(shi)農(nong)民(min)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de),由于很(hen)難統一(yi)組織(zhi)、加上(shang)農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)科學文化水(shui)平不(bu)(bu)高等因素的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi),短期內(nei)無(wu)法(fa)形成品(pin)(pin)牌(pai),也不(bu)(bu)便(bian)于政府(fu)部(bu)(bu)門(men)對(dui)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)各環節進行統一(yi)監督與(yu)(yu)管理;與(yu)(yu)此同時(shi),在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定與(yu)(yu)修訂(ding)方面,主體相對(dui)混亂(luan),權責劃(hua)分不(bu)(bu)明確(que),標準(zhun)重(zhong)復(fu)甚(shen)至不(bu)(bu)統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)現象普遍存在(zai)。我們以蔬菜這(zhe)種初級農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)為例,質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun)既有(you)衛生部(bu)(bu)門(men)制(zhi)定的(de)(de)(de),也有(you)質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)部(bu)(bu)門(men)制(zhi)定的(de)(de)(de),還有(you)農(nong)業部(bu)(bu)門(men)制(zhi)定的(de)(de)(de),雖然都是(shi)國(guo)家標準(zhun),但(dan)是(shi)與(yu)(yu)衛生部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)相比,質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)更(geng)多(duo)(duo),讓經營(ying)者無(wu)所適從(cong)。
2.2.2質(zhi)量檢測體系不完善
質量檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)完善主要(yao)體現(xian)在(zai)制(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)完善、投(tou)資(zi)(zi)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)完善、監測(ce)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)完善等(deng)幾個方(fang)面(mian)(mian)。在(zai)制(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),雖(sui)然我國對于農產(chan)品質量檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)建設早在(zai)1998年就開始了,但是(shi)無(wu)論是(shi)在(zai)質檢(jian)(jian)機構的(de)(de)(de)數量上(shang),還是(shi)在(zai)實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)能力等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),都存在(zai)著(zhu)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)差距。在(zai)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),目前的(de)(de)(de)農產(chan)品質量檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)機構大多是(shi)非營利性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)公益性(xing)質單位,投(tou)資(zi)(zi)來(lai)源相對單一,主要(yao)是(shi)靠國家的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政資(zi)(zi)金(jin),而實驗室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)建設、先(xian)進(jin)儀(yi)器設備的(de)(de)(de)采購(gou)、技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)引進(jin)與研發等(deng),都需要(yao)更多的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)來(lai)源,當地的(de)(de)(de)龍頭(tou)企業或者大型的(de)(de)(de)農產(chan)品批(pi)發市場(chang)由于尚且沒有真(zhen)正意識(shi)到(dao)做好農產(chan)品質量管理等(deng)因素的(de)(de)(de)影響,很少甚至根(gen)本不(bu)愿(yuan)意提供(gong)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)支持(chi)。在(zai)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),無(wu)論是(shi)監測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei),還是(shi)監測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)都相對較(jiao)少,最終導(dao)致(zhi)監測(ce)結果的(de)(de)(de)代表性(xing)不(bu)夠,無(wu)法全面(mian)(mian)、真(zhen)實反映農產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)質量安全狀(zhuang)況。
2.2.3質量檢測管理隊伍的專業化不強
農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)的(de)質量(liang)檢測(ce)是一項技(ji)術型較(jiao)強的(de)工作,從(cong)目前的(de)情(qing)況來看,專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)人才的(de)匱乏,現有人員的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)素養(yang)和職業(ye)道德(de)素養(yang)有待進一步提升都是導致當(dang)前農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)質量(liang)檢測(ce)不到位(wei)的(de)主(zhu)要原因。
3進一(yi)步(bu)加強農產品質(zhi)量(liang)安全管(guan)理的對策分析
3.1樹(shu)立先進的質量(liang)安全(quan)管理(li)理(li)念(nian)
理(li)念是(shi)先知,也是(shi)行(xing)動的(de)(de)先導。對于相(xiang)關部門(men)和相(xiang)關人(ren)員(yuan)而言,一定要首先樹立先進的(de)(de)質量安全管理(li)理(li)念,進而以主人(ren)翁的(de)(de)責任感和使命感投(tou)入(ru)到實際的(de)(de)工(gong)作中去,為各項(xiang)工(gong)作的(de)(de)順利開展提供堅實、有力(li)的(de)(de)保障。
3.2農戶-企業-政府的協同努力
在農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)方(fang)(fang)面,由于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)提供者,因此在農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中發(fa)揮著不(bu)容(rong)忽視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。為此,一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)立(li)足當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)實際,進一步加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)宣傳(chuan)工(gong)(gong)作和培訓工(gong)(gong)作,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)保意(yi)識(shi),盡量采用更(geng)加(jia)(jia)環(huan)保的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式來從事農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)水平,保證(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)活(huo)動更(geng)加(jia)(jia)科學、合(he)(he)理(li)、規范。在企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)方(fang)(fang)面,要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)污(wu)水以(yi)及二氧化碳等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)量排放可能對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)良影(ying)(ying)響(xiang),進而(er)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量。具(ju)體來說(shuo)(shuo),企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)活(huo)動必須符合(he)(he)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準;另外(wai),對(dui)(dui)于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)來說(shuo)(shuo),不(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境污(wu)染,比如說(shuo)(shuo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥、化肥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)合(he)(he)理(li)施用和不(bu)當(dang)處理(li),還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準化,應該(gai)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量安全標(biao)(biao)(biao)準進行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),使得農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量達標(biao)(biao)(biao)。從政府方(fang)(fang)面來說(shuo)(shuo),要(yao)(yao)(yao)想強(qiang)化對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li),形成(cheng)良好管(guan)理(li)效(xiao)果,就必須進行(xing)事前控制(zhi)、事中控制(zhi)和事后控制(zhi)。首(shou)先,事前應該(gai)制(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境保護政策,完善相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規;提高土(tu)壤修復(fu)技(ji)術,消減污(wu)染物從土(tu)壤向農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品遷移積累,提高輕度污(wu)染土(tu)壤安全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力;增加(jia)(jia)資金(jin)投(tou)入,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教育和技(ji)術指(zhi)導(dao),提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)環(huan)保意(yi)識(shi)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術水平。另外(wai),事中應該(gai)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce),要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照標(biao)(biao)(biao)準生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中,政府應該(gai)定(ding)期派人去(qu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)考察,監(jian)督企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),對(dui)(dui)不(bu)按(an)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)進行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye),應該(gai)給予嚴(yan)厲懲罰(fa),并通過(guo)新聞媒體向外(wai)。最后,事后應該(gai)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)。
參考文獻
[1]趙輝.關于農(nong)產品質量安(an)全檢驗檢測工作(zuo)的探討(tao)[J].農(nong)業環境與發展,2012,29(2):42-44.
篇5
關鍵詞:科學考(kao)察船;組(zu)織結構(gou);人員(yuan)配(pei)備;管理(li)制(zhi)度體系
0引言
近年來,我(wo)國新建造各類科(ke)考船多(duo)達30余(yu)艘,約是2008年之前擁(yong)有(you)量的(de)(de)1.5倍。但整個行業對科(ke)考船的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)相對混亂(luan),船舶管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)有(you)的(de)(de)個別事(shi)項多(duo)部門(men)重復(fu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li),有(you)的(de)(de)方面(mian)卻無(wu)人問(wen)津;并且船員配備問(wen)題(ti)也難以解決(jue),即使管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)經驗豐富的(de)(de)單位也存在(zai)該(gai)問(wen)題(ti),造成船員晉升困難,存在(zai)船員人才流失(shi)的(de)(de)隱患。因此(ci),對科(ke)考船進行規(gui)范化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)研究和(he)建設應(ying)該(gai)同步推進。
1科考船管(guan)理現狀分(fen)析(xi)
科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)考(kao)(kao)察船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),根據《中華人(ren)(ren)民共和(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋調(diao)查(cha)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)術語》定義(yi)為:用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)調(diao)查(cha)、應(ying)用(yong)(yong)技術研(yan)(yan)究、測量或勘探等(deng)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)稱(cheng)[1]。目前(qian)世界(jie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)50多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)擁有(you)(you)(you)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)總數(shu)不低于(yu)(yu)500艘(sou)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)事業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)較(jiao)早,國(guo)(guo)(guo)外對(dui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)也比較(jiao)完(wan)(wan)善、規(gui)范(fan)。其中美國(guo)(guo)(guo)不僅(jin)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所屬(shu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)對(dui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)比較(jiao)完(wan)(wan)善、規(gui)范(fan),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)還(huan)建(jian)立了(le)(le)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)大學(xue)(xue)—國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋學(xue)(xue)實驗(yan)室系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)隊管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機制對(dui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)隊進(jin)行統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)事業起步(bu)晚,科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)歸(gui)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋局、國(guo)(guo)(guo)土資源部所屬(shu)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)質調(diao)查(cha)局、中國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)院所屬(shu)研(yan)(yan)究所以及(ji)教(jiao)育(yu)部等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)機關(guan)、教(jiao)育(yu)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)方(fang)(fang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋研(yan)(yan)究機構(gou)(gou)等(deng)。這(zhe)(zhe)些單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機制均(jun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)計劃經(jing)濟時代,面(mian)對(dui)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋環境(jing)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)其做出更科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)、規(gui)范(fan)地(di)改(gai)進(jin)。因為這(zhe)(zhe)些單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)情況大致相(xiang)同,下面(mian)只選用(yong)(yong)兩家(jia)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)代表性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)進(jin)行實例(li)分(fen)析(xi)。1.1A單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)現(xian)狀分(fen)析(xi)A單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)北方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涉(she)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。自(zi)2005年以來,A單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)擁有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)艘(sou)620總噸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)調(diao)查(cha)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),現(xian)又在籌建(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)艘(sou)4000噸級(ji)(ji)綜(zong)合調(diao)查(cha)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),由(you)于(yu)(yu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)吞吐量限制遠遠不能(neng)滿(man)足自(zi)身海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋調(diao)查(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao),所以其每年均(jun)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)租賃非自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)調(diao)查(cha)工(gong)(gong)作;并且對(dui)于(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)及(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)備(bei),該單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直是(shi)(shi)委托專業船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)公司實行委托管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。換言(yan)之(zhi),該單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)并沒有(you)(you)(you)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)、人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)備(bei)標準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制度(du)體系等(deng),再加上(shang)(shang)(shang)后勤(qin)、安全(quan)、調(diao)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)裝(zhuang)備(bei)等(deng)部門(men)(men)也都參與船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li),導(dao)致各部門(men)(men)權限和(he)(he)(he)(he)責任界(jie)定不明確,增加了(le)(le)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)運營(ying)及(ji)維(wei)護(hu)成本。隨(sui)著新(xin)(xin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)造、下水、運營(ying)和(he)(he)(he)(he)后續船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再建(jian),上(shang)(shang)(shang)述問(wen)題將更加凸顯。1.2B單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)現(xian)狀分(fen)析(xi)B單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涉(she)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),有(you)(you)(you)比較(jiao)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)經(jing)驗(yan),現(xian)擁有(you)(you)(you)5艘(sou)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),整個(ge)(ge)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)大隊配(pei)員(yuan)(yuan)180人(ren)(ren),其中高(gao)級(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan)占88人(ren)(ren),船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)長(chang)12人(ren)(ren),輪機長(chang)13人(ren)(ren)。然而(er),B單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)備(bei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)暴露的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題,從(cong)表1(不含學(xue)(xue)歷要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu))和(he)(he)(he)(he)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)可(ke)知(zhi),B單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)級(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan)在職(zhi)(zhi)務晉升(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)將會(hui)出現(xian)無崗可(ke)派,職(zhi)(zhi)務晉升(sheng)慢,待(dai)遇無法匹配(pei)等(deng)諸(zhu)多(duo)(duo)問(wen)題。(表1)由(you)表1可(ke)知(zhi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)艘(sou)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)(不考(kao)(kao)慮最低配(pei)員(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)多(duo)(duo)配(pei)等(deng)情況)只需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)8名(ming)(ming)高(gao)級(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan),B單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目前(qian)擁有(you)(you)(you)5艘(sou)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo),因此40名(ming)(ming)高(gao)級(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan)即滿(man)足配(pei)備(bei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu),即使按照雙套班子配(pei)備(bei)也只需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)80名(ming)(ming)高(gao)級(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan),而(er)B單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)至少配(pei)備(bei)了(le)(le)88名(ming)(ming)高(gao)級(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan),這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)勢必造成有(you)(you)(you)些高(gao)級(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan)沒有(you)(you)(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間和(he)(he)(he)(he)機會(hui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)工(gong)(gong)作,從(cong)而(er)影響(xiang)(xiang)他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晉升(sheng)時間和(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)資待(dai)遇等(deng)。另外,從(cong)表1中還(huan)可(ke)以看到(dao)三副(fu)/三管(guan)(guan)(guan)晉升(sheng)到(dao)二(er)(er)(er)副(fu)/二(er)(er)(er)管(guan)(guan)(guan)最快只需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)18個(ge)(ge)月相(xiang)應(ying)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資歷,然而(er)這(zhe)(zhe)些船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)級(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置已處于(yu)(yu)滿(man)編狀態(tai),即原有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)副(fu)/二(er)(er)(er)管(guan)(guan)(guan)還(huan)在該職(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang),同樣道理(li)(li)(li)(li),二(er)(er)(er)副(fu)/二(er)(er)(er)管(guan)(guan)(guan),大副(fu)/大管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)務晉升(sheng)都會(hui)遇到(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)些問(wen)題。這(zhe)(zhe)樣勢必會(hui)影響(xiang)(xiang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)(yuan)正常晉升(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)資待(dai)遇等(deng),更嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將會(hui)造成人(ren)(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)失,這(zhe)(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)才流(liu)失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)原因之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。
2科學(xue)考(kao)察船規范化(hua)管理措施分析(xi)
通過對(dui)A、B兩單(dan)位進(jin)行(xing)(xing)實例分(fen)析,本文提出科(ke)學考察船舶(bo)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)化管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)措施(shi):組(zu)織結構(gou)建(jian)(jian)設(she),人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)配備,制度(du)(du)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)。組(zu)織結構(gou)建(jian)(jian)設(she)可以使船舶(bo)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)統一,崗位、職責分(fen)工明確,從而(er)避免了混(hun)亂(luan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)等問題;通過對(dui)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)科(ke)學配置可以對(dui)船舶(bo)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有效的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li),提高(gao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)效益,拓展人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)發展空間(jian),從而(er)推進(jin)科(ke)考事業的(de)(de)健康(kang)發展;制度(du)(du)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)可以使船舶(bo)的(de)(de)運(yun)營、管(guan)(guan)理(li)制度(du)(du)化、規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)化。
2.1科考船管理(li)的組織結構建(jian)設
科(ke)考(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)分(fen)為岸基(ji)(ji)和船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)隊(dui)建設。組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)在管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)上(shang)又涉及到管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)層(ceng)次,如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)1。管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)層(ceng)次[2]與管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)寬度有(you)關(guan),寬度較(jiao)大意味著層(ceng)次較(jiao)少,寬度較(jiao)小(xiao)則層(ceng)次較(jiao)多(duo),其(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為扁(bian)平結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)和直(zhi)式結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)。所謂扁(bian)平結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou),是(shi)(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)層(ceng)次少而管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)寬度大的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou);而直(zhi)式結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)則相(xiang)反(fan)。二者的(de)(de)(de)(de)各自(zi)優(you)勢(見(jian)表2)決定了(le)(le)其(qi)(qi)適應于(yu)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)情形。單調、枯(ku)燥(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)難(nan),有(you)利于(yu)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最高管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者與各個職(zhi)能(neng)部(bu)門(men)人員(yuan)交流(liu)工(gong)作(zuo),上(shang)下級關(guan)系(xi)密(mi)切,被管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)員(yuan)和科(ke)學(xue)家充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮其(qi)(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)積極(ji)性和主(zhu)(zhu)動性。其(qi)(qi)基(ji)(ji)本組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)機構(gou)(gou)如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)2,相(xiang)關(guan)部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)基(ji)(ji)本職(zhi)能(neng)概述(shu)見(jian)表3。圖(tu)(tu)(tu)2的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)唯一標準,而是(shi)(shi)根據科(ke)考(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)自(zi)身對管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)次結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)設計要(yao)求,加(jia)上(shang)個人的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)經驗(yan)和對很多(duo)科(ke)研單位科(ke)考(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)經驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)結(jie)(jie)分(fen)析提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本構(gou)(gou)架,圖(tu)(tu)(tu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全生產(chan)、機務、物資和綜合管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)室可(ke)(ke)以不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)門(men),但(dan)應該配專(zhuan)業人員(yuan)負責(ze)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)業務職(zhi)能(neng)。通過圖(tu)(tu)(tu)2和表3可(ke)(ke)知,有(you)了(le)(le)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)和崗位基(ji)(ji)本職(zhi)能(neng),科(ke)考(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)將會管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)清晰,分(fen)工(gong)明確(que),工(gong)作(zuo)協(xie)調、執(zhi)行能(neng)力(li)加(jia)快(kuai),管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效率提(ti)高,管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)成本降低等。
2.2科學考察船人員配備
這里(li)講(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)主要是岸基(ji)人(ren)員配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)船(chuan)員配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)。本文根(gen)據自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作經(jing)驗和(he)(he)科研(yan)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況(kuang)分析提出對船(chuan)舶中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)應按(an)照(zhao)差額(e)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法,岸基(ji)人(ren)員按(an)照(zhao)各部(bu)門職能(neng)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)1~2位專(zhuan)業人(ren)員;科考(kao)船(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作時(shi)間(jian)約為6個(ge)月,考(kao)慮船(chuan)員輪休(xiu)(xiu)和(he)(he)靠港情況(kuang),高級船(chuan)員按(an)照(zhao)船(chuan)舶數量(liang)進行(xing)3:2的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei),每艘科考(kao)船(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高級船(chuan)員既(ji)能(neng)滿(man)(man)足工作要求,又(you)能(neng)滿(man)(man)足船(chuan)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)輪休(xiu)(xiu),同時(shi)所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)職務(wu)都存在很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晉升(sheng)空(kong)間(jian),不會出現(xian)長時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職務(wu)降級使用和(he)(he)無法正常(chang)晉升(sheng)等人(ren)員擁(yong)堵的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang);普通船(chuan)員則通過人(ren)才(cai)公司進行(xing)人(ren)才(cai)派遣配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)。這樣就可(ke)使單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)舶專(zhuan)業人(ren)才(cai)得到良性循環發展。
2.3科學考(kao)察船管理制度(du)體系建設
科(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)制(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)(xi)主(zhu)要包(bao)括船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)(li)體系(xi)(xi)(SMS),國際海(hai)事組織(IMO)相(xiang)關(guan)公(gong)約(yue)和(he)本單位(wei)(wei)自己的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)制(zhi)度(du)。船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)(li)體系(xi)(xi)(SMS)是能使(shi)單位(wei)(wei)人員(yuan)有效執行單位(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)和(he)環境保(bao)護方針結構(gou)和(he)相(xiang)關(guan)文件體系(xi)(xi)。包(bao)括:安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)(li)手冊(ce)、船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)手冊(ce)、航海(hai)日志、法(fa)定的(de)(de)其他(ta)海(hai)事文件和(he)證書、航行文件、甲板操(cao)縱、機倉(cang)操(cao)縱、應急程(cheng)序(xu)、防污染措施、通(tong)訊程(cheng)序(xu)、船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)與機器維護計劃、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)設備表、船(chuan)員(yuan)訓練計劃等。IMO相(xiang)關(guan)公(gong)約(yue)如(ru)IMO/公(gong)約(yue)/ILO等;單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)制(zhi)度(du)如(ru)考(kao)(kao)核制(zhi)度(du),配件、物料申請制(zhi)度(du),作(zuo)息制(zhi)度(du)等等。通(tong)過科(ke)考(kao)(kao)船(chuan)制(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)建立(li),向本單位(wei)(wei)和(he)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)海(hai)事管理(li)(li)部門申請審批通(tong)過、領(ling)取有關(guan)的(de)(de)資格證書。
3結論
本(ben)文通(tong)過相關科研(yan)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)科考(kao)(kao)(kao)船(chuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)現(xian)狀分析得出科考(kao)(kao)(kao)船(chuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)規范化的(de)(de)(de)必要性和重要性,并首次對(dui)科考(kao)(kao)(kao)船(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)規范化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)提出組織結構(gou)建設(she)、人員(yuan)配(pei)備、制(zhi)度體系建設(she)三(san)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)措施。本(ben)文的(de)(de)(de)扁平化的(de)(de)(de)組織結構(gou)不僅(jin)使(shi)科考(kao)(kao)(kao)船(chuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)清晰(xi)、分工明確(que),降低管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)本(ben),還能充分發(fa)揮被(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者的(de)(de)(de)積極性、自主(zhu)性;差額的(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)配(pei)備則不單能順利完成(cheng)工作任務,還解(jie)決了船(chuan)員(yuan)晉(jin)升發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)難題(ti);而制(zhi)度體系建設(she)則使(shi)得對(dui)科考(kao)(kao)(kao)船(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)與社(she)會接(jie)軌,合法(fa)、合規。然而,本(ben)文未對(dui)科考(kao)(kao)(kao)船(chuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)化、智(zhi)(zhi)能化進行研(yan)究,以后隨著高新(xin)技術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,科考(kao)(kao)(kao)船(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)也(ye)將會在這三(san)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上向(xiang)信息(xi)化、智(zhi)(zhi)能化發(fa)展。
作者:王兆國 彭波 龔(gong)奇勇 單位:1.國土資源部海洋油(you)氣資源和環境地質重點實驗室 2.青島海洋地質研究所
參考文獻:
篇6
關鍵詞:高職高專;病原生物(wu)學與免疫(yi)學;實驗(yan)課;安全管(guan)理(li)
中圖分類號(hao)(hao):G420 文(wen)獻(xian)標識碼:A 文(wen)章編號(hao)(hao):1671-1246(2016)09-0092-02
病原生物學(xue)(xue)與免疫學(xue)(xue)是高職(zhi)高專院校醫學(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)一門基礎必修課(ke)(ke)(ke),該課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)包括理論(lun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)和(he)實(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue),其中實(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)不僅能夠鞏(gong)固理論(lun)課(ke)(ke)(ke)所(suo)學(xue)(xue)知識,而且可以升華所(suo)學(xue)(xue)知識。本課(ke)(ke)(ke)題組在(zai)多年(nian)的(de)(de)實(shi)驗課(ke)(ke)(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)中發現(xian)了一些有關教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)質量和(he)安(an)全的(de)(de)問(wen)題,就此(ci)進行探索(suo)并(bing)采取相應策(ce)略,既提高了該課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)效果,也保障了教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)安(an)全。
1病原生物學與(yu)免疫學實驗課教學存在的(de)問(wen)題
(1)該(gai)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)是醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)各專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)(chu)必修(xiu)課(ke)(ke),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)課(ke)(ke)人數(shu)多(duo)(duo)、人流量大(da),常常多(duo)(duo)個實(shi)驗室同時(shi)上(shang)課(ke)(ke),易導致管理(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)位,出現(xian)(xian)混亂的(de)(de)上(shang)課(ke)(ke)場面。(2)在(zai)(zai)(zai)病原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與免(mian)疫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中,實(shi)驗是非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環節(jie)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)作為主(zhu)體(ti),通過(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)能(neng)(neng)動性及創造性思維,使(shi)(shi)所(suo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)(li)論知(zhi)識得到(dao)(dao)強化;而實(shi)驗課(ke)(ke)上(shang)課(ke)(ke)相對(dui)較靈活,大(da)部分(fen)時(shi)間(jian)需(xu)要(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自主(zhu)操作進(jin)行(xing)練習和(he)探索,部分(fen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)因基礎(chu)(chu)知(zhi)識薄(bo)弱,缺乏主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)能(neng)(neng)動性,加之自制力(li)差,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習積極性不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao),態度不(bu)(bu)(bu)端正,出現(xian)(xian)中途早退現(xian)(xian)象。(3)部分(fen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習興(xing)趣(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao),尤其是觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)病原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物形(xing)態時(shi),由于對(dui)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)太熟練,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)標(biao)本片的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中,大(da)部分(fen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)很快在(zai)(zai)(zai)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)中找到(dao)(dao)要(yao)觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)病原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物,從而產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)挫敗感(gan),失(shi)去興(xing)趣(qu),使(shi)(shi)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果(guo)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)影響。(4)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)驗課(ke)(ke)上(shang)教(jiao)師講授完后,有(you)部分(fen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自己(ji)操作時(shi)還(huan)是比(bi)較茫(mang)然,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道具(ju)體(ti)怎么做,對(dui)實(shi)驗步驟和(he)原(yuan)理(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)熟悉。(5)實(shi)驗課(ke)(ke)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)材(cai)料涉及病原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物及其他具(ju)有(you)潛在(zai)(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)染(ran)(ran)性的(de)(de)物品,如(ru)乙肝五項和(he)血型(xing)測定(ding)這(zhe)些實(shi)驗都要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)(dao)血液,而乙型(xing)肝炎、艾(ai)滋病等疾病可以(yi)(yi)(yi)通過(guo)(guo)血液傳(chuan)播,增加了(le)師生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)感(gan)染(ran)(ran)風險(xian)。(6)實(shi)驗所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)設備(bei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)操作不(bu)(bu)(bu)當(dang)(dang),易導致儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)損壞(huai)及事故的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。如(ru)精密儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與維護,觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)細菌標(biao)本時(shi)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)(dao)香柏(bo)油,觀(guan)(guan)察(cha)(cha)完畢(bi)需(xu)要(yao)清(qing)理(li)(li)鏡(jing)頭,不(bu)(bu)(bu)然就會損壞(huai)。教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)雖然授課(ke)(ke)時(shi)教(jiao)師也講了(le)注意事項,但還(huan)是有(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)注意,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)及時(shi)清(qing)理(li)(li)鏡(jing)頭上(shang)的(de)(de)香柏(bo)油,導致顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)鏡(jing)頭損壞(huai)較多(duo)(duo),嚴(yan)重影響了(le)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)正常進(jin)行(xing)。另外,高(gao)壓蒸汽滅(mie)菌器(qi)(qi)如(ru)果(guo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)當(dang)(dang)會被(bei)燙傷(shang)或引發(fa)(fa)(fa)其他事故,采血針使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后如(ru)果(guo)沒有(you)及時(shi)處理(li)(li)或沒有(you)及時(shi)加蓋(gai)會有(you)被(bei)刺傷(shang)感(gan)染(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)風險(xian),紫外燈使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)注意會灼(zhuo)傷(shang)眼睛和(he)皮膚等,這(zhe)些都是儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)設備(bei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)當(dang)(dang)可能(neng)(neng)會發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)情況,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中應避免(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)情況發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)保證實(shi)驗課(ke)(ke)正常有(you)序進(jin)行(xing)。
2解決策略
2.1分(fen)組固定教室上課
為了(le)(le)避免(mian)上(shang)課(ke)人(ren)(ren)數較多造成混(hun)亂,營造一(yi)(yi)個(ge)井然有序(xu)的(de)(de)上(shang)課(ke)氛圍,本課(ke)題(ti)組在實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)前對上(shang)課(ke)班級進行分組,安排好每一(yi)(yi)組上(shang)課(ke)的(de)(de)教室(shi),即每一(yi)(yi)組每次上(shang)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)都到(dao)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)并由同(tong)一(yi)(yi)教師授(shou)課(ke),這樣就避免(mian)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)多混(hun)亂的(de)(de)局(ju)面,同(tong)時也便于對學生(sheng)進行考勤(qin)管理。同(tong)時每組固定一(yi)(yi)名學生(sheng)為小組負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)(ren),負(fu)責(ze)本組實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)用品和器(qi)材(cai)的(de)(de)發(fa)放與回收,做到(dao)責(ze)任到(dao)人(ren)(ren)。
2.2實行簽到、不定時點(dian)名制(zhi)度(du)
由(you)于實(shi)驗課大(da)部分時(shi)間是學(xue)生(sheng)自己進行實(shi)際操作,所以學(xue)生(sheng)的自由(you)時(shi)間較多,隨意性(xing)(xing)大(da),再加上(shang)有(you)的學(xue)生(sheng)自覺性(xing)(xing)不足,易(yi)出現早(zao)退(tui)現象。針對這一(yi)問(wen)題實(shi)行學(xue)生(sheng)簽到制度(du),并且(qie)不定時(shi)點(dian)名,使學(xue)生(sheng)的自覺性(xing)(xing)得到監督,上(shang)課紀律渙散、早(zao)退(tui)現象明顯改善。
2.3制定(ding)教學過程考(kao)核機制
以往實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)課(ke)考(kao)核(he)(he)單(dan)純依靠實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)書寫(xie)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)和出(chu)勤(qin)率(lv),而教師(shi)在批改實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)時(shi)發現學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)在大量抄襲現象,由此便不(bu)能(neng)檢驗(yan)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際動手能(neng)力,導(dao)致部分(fen)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在做實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)態度不(bu)端正、積(ji)極(ji)性不(bu)高。為(wei)了激(ji)發學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)習(xi)興趣,培養學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嚴(yan)謹(jin)的科學(xue)態度,在實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程中(zhong)教師(shi)要多觀察,加強指導(dao),給予學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)必要的鼓勵,并加強過程考(kao)核(he)(he)。上(shang)課(ke)時(shi)教師(shi)記錄每位學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)每次實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際操(cao)作(zuo)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang),每項(xiang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)成績總(zong)分(fen)為(wei)10分(fen),教師(shi)根據學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)打分(fen)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)成績(實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)書寫(xie)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)占10%、出(chu)勤(qin)率(lv)占10%、過程考(kao)核(he)(he)占10%)在學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期末總(zong)成績中(zhong)占30%,從而調動了學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)習(xi)積(ji)極(ji)性,使其端正學(xue)習(xi)態度。
2.4強調重點內容
在教(jiao)學(xue)中發現實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)課講(jiang)授完(wan)畢還是有學(xue)生(sheng)對實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)原(yuan)理和步驟不熟悉,所以教(jiao)師應通過運用(yong)圖片、動畫等形式重點講(jiang)解實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)原(yuan)理,注重演示,并且在學(xue)生(sheng)自(zi)己操(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)將實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)步驟展示出來(lai)再(zai)次強(qiang)調,加強(qiang)指導(dao)。這一措施的(de)實(shi)(shi)施可(ke)幫助學(xue)生(sheng)做(zuo)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)秩序井(jing)然(ran)、有條不紊。
2.5開展實驗室安全性(xing)教育,加強管理體系建設
病(bing)原微(wei)生(sheng)物實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)是(shi)(shi)開展科(ke)研、教學(xue)、疾病(bing)預防(fang)控制(zhi)(zhi)等活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)場所(suo),實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)生(sheng)物安(an)全(quan)是(shi)(shi)病(bing)原微(wei)生(sheng)物實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)要(yao)求[1]。除(chu)了實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)生(sheng)物安(an)全(quan)以外(wai),還(huan)應杜絕(jue)包括儀器設(she)備(bei)(bei)使用不當造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀器損壞(huai)及(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)。病(bing)原生(sheng)物與免疫(yi)學(xue)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)涉(she)及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危險因(yin)素很多,如(ru)果(guo)學(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)(dui)其認識不足,自(zi)我防(fang)護意(yi)識淡(dan)薄(bo),養成不良習慣,不僅會成為事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)受害(hai)者,還(huan)可能造(zao)成他人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai),甚至(zhi)影響自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)職業生(sheng)涯(ya)[2]。為了提高學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)防(fang)范(fan)意(yi)識,首先,理論課和(he)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)課都(dou)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)強宣傳教育,對(dui)(dui)部分內容(rong)可以滲透到理論課進行(xing)講解,如(ru)生(sheng)物安(an)全(quan)及(ji)(ji)其防(fang)護內容(rong)。其次,實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教師要(yao)向學(xue)生(sheng)詳細講解儀器設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用方法,并(bing)重點強調注意(yi)事項,做好演示,避免儀器損壞(huai)及(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)。再次,加(jia)(jia)強實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)安(an)全(quan)管理體系建設(she)[3],建立健全(quan)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)規(gui)章制(zhi)(zhi)度,落實(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)管理責(ze)(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi),編制(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)安(an)全(quan)手冊(ce),規(gui)范(fan)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技術操(cao)作(zuo)規(gui)程和(he)相關記錄[3]。如(ru)將顯微(wei)鏡這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)精密儀器的(de)(de)(de)(de)維護實(shi)(shi)行(xing)責(ze)(ze)任到人(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi),即由一名授(shou)課教師負(fu)責(ze)(ze)本(ben)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀器設(she)備(bei)(bei),并(bing)對(dui)(dui)學(xue)生(sheng)加(jia)(jia)強監(jian)督(du)(du),督(du)(du)促(cu)學(xue)生(sheng)注意(yi)儀器的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用及(ji)(ji)維護,課后(hou)授(shou)課教師要(yao)對(dui)(dui)每一臺顯微(wei)鏡進行(xing)檢查及(ji)(ji)必要(yao)維護。加(jia)(jia)強實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消毒(du)處理,尤其是(shi)(shi)涉(she)及(ji)(ji)病(bing)原生(sheng)物及(ji)(ji)有潛在(zai)傳染性的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(如(ru)血型測定(ding)或乙肝五項測定(ding)),實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)課結束后(hou)要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)對(dui)(dui)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)臺及(ji)(ji)地面(mian)等進行(xing)嚴格消毒(du)。
2.6開設自(zi)主實(shi)驗
為(wei)(wei)提高學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)習興(xing)趣,充(chong)(chong)分發(fa)揮自主(zhu)創(chuang)新能力,在課程的(de)(de)(de)最后階段(duan)安排自主(zhu)實驗。按(an)照“以(yi)(yi)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)本、以(yi)(yi)教師為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)導”模式[4],學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可以(yi)(yi)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)所學(xue)理論知(zhi)識,根(gen)(gen)據(ju)自身興(xing)趣,以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)組為(wei)(wei)單位查(cha)閱資料,提前(qian)設計好實驗方案,在實施(shi)過(guo)程中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)問(wen)題并解決問(wen)題。如口腔醫學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)設計的(de)(de)(de)口腔厭氧菌(jun)培(pei)養(yang),讓學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)進一步了解了厭氧菌(jun)培(pei)養(yang)基制作,知(zhi)道了口腔智齒冠周炎治療時(shi)為(wei)(wei)什么用(yong)雙氧水沖洗并選用(yong)針對(dui)厭氧菌(jun)的(de)(de)(de)藥物;臨床醫學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)幼兒園(yuan)幼兒查(cha)蟯蟲卵設計的(de)(de)(de)拭子法,既鍛煉了學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)臨床技能,也增強了團隊合作意識。通過(guo)自主(zhu)實驗的(de)(de)(de)實施(shi),學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)將理論知(zhi)識應用(yong)于實踐,充(chong)(chong)分體(ti)(ti)現(xian)了以(yi)(yi)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)理念(nian),成為(wei)(wei)該課程實驗教學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)特色。
3討論
實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)是(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)教育的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)組成部分[4],病原生(sheng)(sheng)物學(xue)(xue)(xue)與免(mian)疫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)是(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)和臨床醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)間的(de)橋梁課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)[4],在學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)個學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)過(guo)程(cheng)中占據重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)地位,所以上好(hao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)課(ke)(ke)尤(you)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。但是(shi)高職高專(zhuan)院校學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)由于(yu)在校學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)時間短,加(jia)之(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)課(ke)(ke)課(ke)(ke)時少,實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)類型大多數為(wei)(wei)驗(yan)證性實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan),即教師先講解實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)目的(de)、原理、方法、步驟及注(zhu)意事(shi)項等,之(zhi)后(hou)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)按照(zhao)步驟操作(zuo)(zuo),無法體(ti)現(xian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)主體(ti)作(zuo)(zuo)用,不能(neng)有(you)(you)效調(diao)動學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)積極性。針對這一現(xian)狀,我(wo)們在查(cha)閱(yue)大量(liang)資料與調(diao)查(cha)后(hou)開(kai)設了(le)自主實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan),深(shen)(shen)受學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)喜愛(ai)。在理論課(ke)(ke)和實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)課(ke)(ke)上對學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)進(jin)行實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)安全(quan)方面的(de)教育,有(you)(you)利于(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)養成良好(hao)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)習(xi)慣和嚴謹的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)風,不僅對學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)有(you)(you)利,而且對其以后(hou)走上工作(zuo)(zuo)崗位都(dou)將有(you)(you)深(shen)(shen)遠的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。課(ke)(ke)題組成員還針對病原生(sheng)(sheng)物學(xue)(xue)(xue)與免(mian)疫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)課(ke)(ke)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)中發現(xian)的(de)其他(ta)問題逐一進(jin)行了(le)詳(xiang)細(xi)探討(tao),查(cha)閱(yue)了(le)大量(liang)資料,并提出了(le)相(xiang)應解決策略,保證了(le)該(gai)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)安全(quan)有(you)(you)序進(jin)行,提高了(le)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)效果(guo)。
參考文獻:
[1]陳利玉,王莉(li)莉(li),馬(ma)瓊山(shan),等.提(ti)高醫(yi)學生實驗(yan)室生物安(an)全(quan)知識(shi)與(yu)技能的實踐[J].基礎醫(yi)學教(jiao)育,2011,13(4):366-367.
[2]程君.加強醫(yi)學生對病(bing)原生物與(yu)免疫學實驗室有害因素的自我防護教(jiao)育[J].中外健康文摘,2012,9(38):350-350.
[3]李(li)秀(xiu)平(ping),李(li)爭鳴(ming),周秀(xiu)萍,等.護理專業病原(yuan)生(sheng)物學與免疫學實驗課(ke)中生(sheng)物安全(quan)教育(yu)(yu)的探索(suo)與實踐[J].中國中醫藥現代遠程教育(yu)(yu),2015,13(9):78-80.
篇7
趙紫君 Intertek大中(zhong)華區食品農產(chan)品部大客戶經(jing)理
孫長林
1985年(nian)參加工作(zuo),歷任(ren)(ren)多(duo)家(jia)四星和五星級酒(jiu)店的行政(zheng)(zheng)總(zong)廚,具(ju)有(you)20多(duo)年(nian)酒(jiu)店餐飲行業經驗。現任(ren)(ren)惠州洲際(ji)度(du)假酒(jiu)店(五星)行政(zheng)(zheng)總(zong)廚,負責管(guan)(guan)理食(shi)物生產及管(guan)(guan)事部運營的全部工作(zuo),同時(shi)負責北京華為和深圳華為兩地的廚房人員管(guan)(guan)理,還擔任(ren)(ren)酒(jiu)店食(shi)品安全監測執行及小(xiao)組主席。
趙紫君
曾畢業于湖南農業大學,生(sheng)物(wu)工(gong)程專業。從事食品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產、食品(pin)(pin)檢測和食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)服(fu)務多(duo)年。現任Intertek大中(zhong)華區食品(pin)(pin)農產品(pin)(pin)部大客戶經理,主要自責(ze)餐飲(yin)(yin)類客戶,覆蓋全(quan)球知名的酒店及(ji)餐飲(yin)(yin)行業。
我國(guo)每年食(shi)(shi)物(wu)中毒(du)(du)的(de)人(ren)(ren)數約為20萬40萬人(ren)(ren),其中70%來自餐飲(yin)(yin)行業。近幾年,毒(du)(du)米、毒(du)(du)面。毒(du)(du)油、毒(du)(du)酒(jiu)事件幾乎(hu)每年都有發(fa)生。食(shi)(shi)品安全(quan)現狀令人(ren)(ren)堪憂。目前食(shi)(shi)品安全(quan)問題主要(yao)分為兩類:一(yi)是(shi)(shi)食(shi)(shi)品本(ben)身的(de)營養價值(zhi)和質量問題,如食(shi)(shi)物(wu)變(bian)質,食(shi)(shi)品達不到應(ying)有質量指標等(deng),這(zhe)些問題可以通(tong)過質量監管進行控制,另一(yi)類是(shi)(shi)食(shi)(shi)品在(zai)生產(chan)、加工(gong)、運(yun)輸,儲(chu)存,銷(xiao)售過程(cheng)中人(ren)(ren)為造成的(de)安全(quan)問題。正是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)兩類問題嚴重地影響到人(ren)(ren)們的(de)身體(ti)健康,制約著餐飲(yin)(yin)行業的(de)發(fa)展。
洲(zhou)際(ji)(ji)(ji)集(ji)(ji)團為全球高端酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)集(ji)(ji)團,惠(hui)州(zhou)洲(zhou)際(ji)(ji)(ji)由富力(li)地(di)產(chan)投(tou)資(zi)建設,是(shi)中國(guo)首家“洲(zhou)際(ji)(ji)(ji)”品牌的溫(wen)泉度(du)假(jia)(jia)酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian),作為廣東省頂(ding)級溫(wen)泉度(du)假(jia)(jia)酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)之(zhi)一(yi),同時也是(shi)全國(guo)范圍內稀有的氡,氟溫(wen)泉度(du)假(jia)(jia)地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)。惠(hui)州(zhou)洲(zhou)際(ji)(ji)(ji)度(du)假(jia)(jia)酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)餐飲部是(shi)惠(hui)州(zhou)洲(zhou)際(ji)(ji)(ji)酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)直屬部門(men),其對(dui)于(yu)酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)在(zai)食品安全問題方面(mian)做出許多不懈(xie)的努力(li),尤其是(shi)針對(dui)廚(chu)房的一(yi)系列科學(xue)有效的管理模式(shi)。本期《天祥(xiang)?食尚訪談錄》有幸(xing)邀請(qing)到惠(hui)州(zhou)洲(zhou)際(ji)(ji)(ji)酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)行政(zheng)總廚(chu)孫長林先生,來為我們介紹惠(hui)州(zhou)洲(zhou)際(ji)(ji)(ji)度(du)假(jia)(jia)酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)餐飲部在(zai)保(bao)障食品安全方面(mian)的一(yi)些(xie)經驗和見(jian)解。
趙紫君:作為星級酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)餐(can)飲部負責人,請問您(nin)在(zai)餐(can)飲管理及食品(pin)安(an)全管理上有(you)什(shen)么(me)成(cheng)功的(de)經(jing)驗(yan)分享(xiang)7我們了(le)解到貴酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)在(zai)進行FsMs系統的(de)建設,您(nin)對(dui)酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)餐(can)飲業推(tui)行食品(pin)安(an)全管理體系有(you)什(shen)么(me)獨到見解?
孫長林:食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)一(yi)直是我們(men)餐(can)(can)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)命(ming)脈(mo)和根(gen)本,但是近年來,一(yi)些食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)事(shi)件時有發(fa)生,嚴(yan)重影響了(le)餐(can)(can)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。而作為洲際酒店(dian)(dian)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)負責人,首(shou)先要對(dui)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)高度重視,同時具備豐富的(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)專業(ye)知識,制定出一(yi)套完整的(de)(de)培訓計劃(hua),能夠有效地對(dui)酒店(dian)(dian)餐(can)(can)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)從(cong)業(ye)人員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)培訓使每一(yi)個餐(can)(can)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)從(cong)業(ye)人員(yuan)(yuan)都能夠有很好的(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)意識并按照食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)要求嚴(yan)格(ge)操(cao)作。
FSMs基于食(shi)(shi)品(pin)制(zhi)造業所(suo)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)HACCP(危害分析和(he)關(guan)鍵控制(zhi)點)原(yuan)理,專為餐(can)飲業控制(zhi)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)而建立(li)。我(wo)(wo)們把FSMs納入每(mei)位(wei)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)年度工(gong)作(zuo)目標及考(kao)核當(dang)中,責(ze)任到人,并建立(li)酒店食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管理團隊,定(ding)期召開食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)會(hui)議(yi),針對(dui)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)方面(mian)所(suo)發生的(de)問題(ti)及時糾正,制(zhi)定(ding)出下一階段(duan)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)目標。我(wo)(wo)們不會(hui)放過任何一個食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱患,保證每(mei)一位(wei)顧客都可以在我(wo)(wo)們酒店享受到健康美味的(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)。
嚴格的原材料選擇
趙(zhao)紫(zi)君(jun):我們都知道,餐飲行業原材料(liao)(liao)的(de)選擇非(fei)常重要,對(dui)于保障食品安全有(you)非(fei)常重要的(de)作用,但是現在原材料(liao)(liao)供應商(shang)許多(duo),那(nei)么(me)貴酒店如(ru)何選擇自己的(de)原材料(liao)(liao)供應商(shang)?有(you)什么(me)樣的(de)標準(zhun)?
孫長林:在供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)選(xuan)擇方面,我們首先考(kao)慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)是否有(you)HACCP體系認證(zheng)再定(ding)期對(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)貨商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)查評(ping)估,所有(you)食品(pin)都必須從正規(gui)途徑購(gou)(gou)買(mai)并(bing)符(fu)合(he)相(xiang)(xiang)關法(fa)律規(gui)定(ding),附有(you)相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)食品(pin)標(biao)簽。其(qi)中(zhong)選(xuan)擇供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)具(ju)體有(you)以(yi)(yi)下幾點步驟:采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及時(shi)收集填(tian)制(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)檔案(an)表(biao),其(qi)內容(rong)包括供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)名稱(cheng),產(chan)量(liang)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)貨能(neng)力(li),質量(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)和供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)貨情(qing)況等(deng)方面的(de)資料(liao);對(dui)合(he)格供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)每次供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)貨時(shi)質檢(jian)員進(jin)(jin)行(xing)抽樣(yang)檢(jian)驗;原材料(liao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou),對(dui)原材料(liao)的(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)由采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)部門根據訂貨合(he)同需求量(liang)和庫存情(qing)況制(zhi)定(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)計(ji)劃,采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)產(chan)品(pin)驗證(zheng),原材料(liao)必須符(fu)合(he)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)國家標(biao)準。行(xing)業標(biao)準、地方標(biao)準,以(yi)(yi)及相(xiang)(xiang)關法(fa)律、法(fa)規(gui)的(de)規(gui)定(ding);原材料(liao)驗收,從合(he)格供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)的(de)原材料(liao),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)關證(zheng)明材料(liao),同時(shi)還需對(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)名稱(cheng)等(deng)相(xiang)(xiang)關資料(liao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)核(he)對(dui)。
酒店(dian)除(chu)首選供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)之外還應(ying)(ying)建立相應(ying)(ying)的后(hou)備(bei)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)制度。對供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)的投訴進行統計并存檔,如再次違(wei)反食(shi)品安全規定,取消其首選供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)資格。
趙紫君(jun):正值夏季,氣候(hou)炎熱濕潤(run),是(shi)(shi)各類(lei)食品(pin)腐敗變質(zhi)菌活(huo)躍的(de)季節(jie),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)各類(lei)食品(pin)的(de)供應旺季,原(yuan)料,半成品(pin),成品(pin),防護(hu)不(bu)嚴,就很容易在采購(gou)、儲存,加工制作(zuo)過程中發生(sheng)腐敗變質(zhi),危害健康,請問貴(gui)酒(jiu)店在食物(wu)的(de)儲運流通方(fang)面采取了哪些措施,來(lai)保證(zheng)食物(wu)的(de)新鮮(xian)衛生(sheng)?
孫長林:我們酒(jiu)店(dian)采(cai)(cai)用全程冷(leng)鏈管理方式。在選材上優先考慮新鮮食(shi)品(pin),比如蔬菜,都(dou)是(shi)當天早上采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai),運(yun)輸、儲存都(dou)按照食(shi)品(pin)特性采(cai)(cai)取冷(leng)藏或冷(leng)凍(dong)的措施,并(bing)在規定的環境溫度下進行加工。儲存是(shi)HACCP體(ti)系中CCP控制點(dian)之一(yi),嚴格按照HACCP執(zhi)行,做(zuo)好溫度、標簽等方面的管理,杜絕一(yi)切食(shi)品(pin)安全隱患(huan)。
科學的廚房管理
趙(zhao)紫君:廚(chu)房(fang)及餐廳的(de)衛(wei)生管理是(shi)餐飲行業(ye)不可(ke)缺少的(de)一個(ge)環(huan)節,尤其對于蟲害(hai)的(de)防(fang)治,比如蒼蠅、蟑螂等(deng),貴酒店在(zai)防(fang)治蟲害(hai)方面有(you)哪些先進(jin)的(de)經驗?
孫長林:廚房和(he)餐廳(ting)衛生一(yi)直是我們工作(zuo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)之(zhi)一(yi)。廚房操作(zuo)中(zhong)嚴格按照操作(zuo)規(gui)范執行(xing)(xing),注重(zhong)(zhong)細節舉止,杜絕(jue)一(yi)切衛生隱患(huan)。在蟲(chong)害(hai)防治方(fang)面,特別(bie)外聘有專業的(de)(de)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治服務商,其工作(zuo)人員(yuan)長期(qi)駐店,定期(qi)進行(xing)(xing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治工作(zuo),對蟲(chong)害(hai)突發(fa)事件(jian)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)采取應對措施,并(bing)對防治記(ji)錄進行(xing)(xing)存(cun)檔管理,以便及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)分析(xi)及(ji)(ji)改正不(bu)足之(zhi)處,用專業先(xian)進的(de)(de)技術和(he)方(fang)法不(bu)斷提高蟲(chong)害(hai)防治工作(zuo)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率和(he)效(xiao)果(guo)。
趙(zhao)紫君(jun):在廚(chu)(chu)房管理上(shang)除了(le)衛生之外(wai),廚(chu)(chu)房的(de)流程控制也很重要,據了(le)解貴(gui)酒店每天的(de)餐飲預訂業務非常(chang)繁(fan)忙,因此服(fu)(fu)務管理面臨巨大的(de)挑戰(zhan),請問貴(gui)酒店是如(ru)何保證廚(chu)(chu)房工作(zuo)的(de)有序(xu)順暢,服(fu)(fu)務質量的(de)優質高(gao)效?
孫長(chang)林:用科(ke)學方(fang)法管(guan)理(li)廚(chu)房(fang)是(shi)(shi)關鍵。餐飲(yin)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li),從某種意義上(shang)說決定著酒店的(de)(de)(de)聲譽和效(xiao)益(yi)。廚(chu)房(fang)是(shi)(shi)餐飲(yin)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)核心,廚(chu)房(fang)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)(shi)餐飲(yin)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分。廚(chu)房(fang)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)水平和服務質(zhi)量(liang),直接影響餐飲(yin)的(de)(de)(de)特色,經營及效(xiao)益(yi)。樹立企業(ye)形象,創造名牌企業(ye),需要長(chang)年的(de)(de)(de)積淀和巨大的(de)(de)(de)投入,必須有細致的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)章(zhang)程(cheng)(cheng),過硬的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)隊伍。管(guan)理(li)實行(xing)統一標準、規格、程(cheng)(cheng)序,以此(ci)提(ti)高工(gong)作效(xiao)率,降低成(cheng)本,確保菜(cai)(cai)肴(yao)質(zhi)量(liang)及服務速度。我們的(de)(de)(de)廚(chu)房(fang)生產(chan)線流程(cheng)(cheng)主要包括(kuo)原材(cai)料加(jia)工(gong)、配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)、烹飪3個方(fang)面:原材(cai)料加(jia)工(gong)可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)粗加(jia)工(gong)(動物宰殺等(deng)),精加(jia)工(gong),干貨漲發等(deng);用料配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)熱(re)菜(cai)(cai)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)、冷菜(cai)(cai)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi);菜(cai)(cai)肴(yao)烹調(diao)可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)熱(re)菜(cai)(cai)制(zhi)作、冷菜(cai)(cai)制(zhi)作、打荷制(zhi)作、面點制(zhi)作等(deng)。
趙紫(zi)君:在餐飲行(xing)業,員工(gong)流動性大(da),有些(xie)未培(pei)訓合格(ge)就匆忙上(shang)崗,給食品加(jia)工(gong)安全帶(dai)來風險。貴酒店怎么樣杜絕這方面問題(ti)的,在服(fu)務人員培(pei)訓上(shang)采用了(le)哪些(xie)制度?
孫長林:新參(can)加或臨時參(can)加工作(zuo)的
人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),都必須經過(guo)健(jian)康檢查(cha)(cha),取(qu)得健(jian)康合(he)格證后(hou)方(fang)可入職(zhi),且(qie)入職(zhi)后(hou)每年(nian)至少進行一(yi)次健(jian)康檢查(cha)(cha)。所有的(de)(de)食品操(cao)作員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)都要經過(guo)食品衛(wei)生培(pei)(pei)訓,考核合(he)格后(hou)方(fang)可上崗,并且(qie)會收到一(yi)份“食品衛(wei)生概要”教材進行學習(xi),食品衛(wei)生員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)定期檢查(cha)(cha)操(cao)作工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)操(cao)作規范性(xing)。此外(wai),酒店還舉辦定期和不定期的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓,以及日常監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)(cha)。我(wo)們(men)有一(yi)流(liu)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓團隊,對員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)進行對應(ying)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓,提(ti)高員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)服務意識和衛(wei)生意識。我(wo)們(men)有專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)督(du)管理員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),監(jian)(jian)督(du)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)日常工(gong)(gong)作中的(de)(de)言(yan)行,幫助(zhu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)良好的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)素養(yang)。
趙紫君:Intertek作(zuo)為國(guo)際(ji)知名的(de)(de)(de)第三方(fang)檢測(ce),惠(hui)州洲際(ji)餐(can)(can)飲和Intertek合作(zuo)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)FSMS的(de)(de)(de)體系建設和審核(he),同時(shi)也(ye)在進(jin)(jin)行(xing)JS022000的(de)(de)(de)認證合作(zuo),請問這些(xie)舉措為酒店(dian)提(ti)供了(le)哪些(xie)幫助,對于酒店(dian)餐(can)(can)飲方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展起到了(le)怎樣的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用?
孫長林:Intertek給了(le)(le)(le)我(wo)們(men)很多技術方面的支持(chi)和(he)幫(bang)助(zhu),在完善(shan)質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統方面發(fa)(fa)揮了(le)(le)(le)很大的作用。從食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的建設,到食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)的專題(ti)培訓I和(he)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)操作人(ren)員的培訓,食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規的落實執行,再(zai)到食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)檢測(ce)的建議,Intertek都提供了(le)(le)(le)高(gao)標(biao)準(zhun)的優質(zhi)服務,快(kuai)速提升了(le)(le)(le)酒(jiu)店的整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)意(yi)識及管(guan)理(li)水平。我(wo)們(men)始終(zhong)(zhong)以顧客為(wei)關(guan)(guan)注焦點,滿足(zu)顧客要求并(bing)力爭超越客觀期(qi)望是我(wo)們(men)的最初和(he)最終(zhong)(zhong)目的,與Intertek的合(he)(he)作能夠(gou)幫(bang)助(zhu)我(wo)們(men)更好地達(da)到這一目標(biao)。食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)直(zhi)接(jie)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)到人(ren)類的健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),酒(jiu)店實施食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)符合(he)(he)其發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨勢,我(wo)們(men)以負責(ze)任(ren)的姿態走在酒(jiu)店餐飲業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)潮流的前端。
趙紫君:嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料選(xuan)擇,科學、衛生的(de)(de)(de)后廚管理以及對于餐飲工(gong)作(zuo)人員的(de)(de)(de)嚴格(ge)培訓,才能為(wei)顧客提(ti)供健(jian)康的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品,才是惠州洲(zhou)際(ji)酒店餐飲產(chan)業(ye)發展的(de)(de)(de)真正的(de)(de)(de)動力和(he)源泉,我們相信(xin)未來惠州洲(zhou)際(ji)酒店將在中國取得(de)更大的(de)(de)(de)成就。感謝孫長(chang)林先(xian)生座客本期(qi)天(tian)祥?食(shi)尚(shang)訪談(tan)錄,使(shi)讀者(zhe)了(le)解到惠州洲(zhou)際(ji)酒店在餐飲方面(mian)作(zuo)出的(de)(de)(de)努力。
孫長林:感謝(xie)Intertek為(wei)惠(hui)(hui)州(zhou)洲際酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)提供(gong)此(ci)次交流的(de)(de)機會,酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)將以更(geng)加(jia)優質的(de)(de)服(fu)務。更(geng)加(jia)專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)餐飲(yin)經(jing)營管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式,為(wei)顧客帶來(lai)更(geng)健康的(de)(de)食品(pin),希望惠(hui)(hui)州(zhou)洲際酒(jiu)(jiu)店(dian)(dian)餐飲(yin)的(de)(de)經(jing)營管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式能夠為(wei)更(geng)多餐飲(yin)企業(ye)(ye)提供(gong)借鑒和幫助,為(wei)我們的(de)(de)食品(pin)安全事業(ye)(ye)做(zuo)出自己(ji)的(de)(de)貢獻。
關于Intertek
篇8
一、指導思想和(he)工作(zuo)目標
(一)指導思想。以科(ke)學發(fa)展觀為指導,以出(chu)口(kou)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)為目標(biao),運用出(chu)口(kou)標(biao)準對生(sheng)產源(yuan)頭的(de)倒逼機制,從(cong)規范農(nong)業化學投入品(pin)(pin)入手,建立健全(quan)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)管理體系(xi),從(cong)根本上確保我區生(sheng)產與出(chu)口(kou)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan),打(da)造區農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai),促進(jin)農(nong)業增效、農(nong)民增收。
(二(er))工作目(mu)(mu)標。到2009年(nian)底前(qian),完成(cheng)組織領(ling)導體(ti)系(xi)(xi)、農(nong)業化學投(tou)入品監控(kong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)、出(chu)(chu)口農(nong)產(chan)品標準體(ti)系(xi)(xi)和質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全追溯體(ti)系(xi)(xi)建設,建立(li)健全檢測(ce)監控(kong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi),建立(li)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全風險分(fen)析與(yu)預警機制(zhi),全面(mian)啟動我區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)出(chu)(chu)口農(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全區(qu)域化管(guan)理工作。用3年(nian)時(shi)間,達到“源頭(tou)無隱患、投(tou)入無違禁、管(guan)理無盲區(qu)、出(chu)(chu)口無障礙”目(mu)(mu)標,建設生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)出(chu)(chu)口農(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全示范區(qu),從(cong)根本上確保我區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)出(chu)(chu)口農(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全。
二、主要內容
(一(yi))建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)學投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)控體系。嚴(yan)格執行市《示(shi)范區農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)學投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)規范》、《示(shi)范區農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)學投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)登記備案管理(li)(li)辦(ban)法》等規定,建(jian)立健全農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)學投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)專(zhuan)營(ying)專(zhuan)供(gong)制度(du),確(que)保農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶購(gou)買(mai)方便(bian)、使(shi)用(yong)放心。工商(shang)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)發(fa)、海洋與漁業(ye)(ye)(ye)等部門(men)要建(jian)立質量審(shen)核備案制度(du)和(he)稽(ji)查制度(du),嚴(yan)格控制農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)給,規范農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)學投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的使(shi)用(yong)。工商(shang)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)發(fa)、安監(jian)等部門(men)要對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)學投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)售渠道(dao)進行清理(li)(li),實(shi)行專(zhuan)營(ying)專(zhuan)供(gong),嚴(yan)禁劇(ju)毒、違禁農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)流入(ru)(ru)市場。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)發(fa)、海洋與漁業(ye)(ye)(ye)等部門(men)要對使(shi)用(yong)環節(jie)加強指(zhi)導檢查,規范用(yong)藥,科學用(yong)藥。各街道(dao)辦(ban)事處、園區要采取切實(shi)有效(xiao)的管理(li)(li)措施,督促企業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)基(ji)地做好農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)學投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的進貨、銷(xiao)售、使(shi)用(yong)及農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的生(sheng)產(chan)、加工和(he)流通過程記錄(lu),并妥善保存2年以上,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)發(fa)生(sheng)質量問(wen)題的,按生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)環節(jie)依(yi)次(ci)追溯質量責任。
(二)健(jian)全質量安全標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化體系。根據(ju)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)特(te)點,鼓勵引(yin)導出(chu)口(kou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)采用國際標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)目標市場技術標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、規程,按照國際市場要求(qiu)和(he)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)操(cao)作規范(fan)(GAP),制定出(chu)口(kou)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、生產(chan)(chan)技術規程以(yi)及收獲、運輸、貯藏、包裝(zhuang)、標識等(deng)(deng)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。鼓勵引(yin)導農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)加工和(he)流通企(qi)業(ye)(ye)開展質量管理(ISO)、良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)操(cao)作規范(fan)(GAP)、良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)生產(chan)(chan)規范(fan)(GMP)、危害(hai)分析(xi)與關鍵(jian)控制點(HACCP)等(deng)(deng)體系認(ren)證,支持農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)出(chu)口(kou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)開展美國NOP、KOSHER、日(ri)本JAS、歐(ou)盟GLOBALGAP、英國BRC等(deng)(deng)國際認(ren)證,提高(gao)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化管理水平。
(三)建立健全(quan)質量(liang)安全(quan)檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)測體(ti)系。農發、海洋與(yu)漁業(ye)、環(huan)保部門(men)要對農產品產前(qian)土壤、水(shui)質、環(huan)境的本底進(jin)行(xing)抽樣檢(jian)測、評估;農發、海洋與(yu)漁業(ye)等部門(men)要在(zai)產中(zhong)適時進(jin)行(xing)田(tian)間、養(yang)殖場采(cai)樣檢(jian)測、分析。各(ge)級(ji)各(ge)有關(guan)部門(men)要加強檢(jian)測協作,完善檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)測條件,加大儀器設(she)備投入力(li)度,整(zheng)合各(ge)部門(men)、企(qi)業(ye)及社會檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)測資源,加快(kuai)農產品公共檢(jian)測平(ping)臺建設(she),逐步建立比較完善的農產品檢(jian)測監控體(ti)系。
(四)建(jian)(jian)立質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯體系。利用現(xian)代化信(xin)息(xi)(xi)技術(shu),對出(chu)口(kou)農產(chan)品(pin)各(ge)環(huan)(huan)節、各(ge)關鍵(jian)點進(jin)行信(xin)息(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)集記(ji)錄并實現(xian)逆向(xiang)查(cha)詢,逐步建(jian)(jian)立起源頭可追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯、流向(xiang)可跟蹤、信(xin)息(xi)(xi)可查(cha)詢的質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全可追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯體系。以(yi)出(chu)口(kou)農產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)加工企業(ye)為主(zhu)體,在(zai)(zai)出(chu)口(kou)農產(chan)品(pin)的產(chan)地環(huan)(huan)境、種養殖、化學投入品(pin)采(cai)購使(shi)用、病(bing)蟲害防(fang)治與疫病(bing)控制、收(shou)(shou)獲、儲藏、運輸(shu)、加工、包(bao)裝、出(chu)口(kou)等各(ge)個(ge)環(huan)(huan)節建(jian)(jian)立可追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯體系;以(yi)農業(ye)化學投入品(pin)經營企業(ye)為主(zhu)體,在(zai)(zai)化學投入品(pin)的采(cai)購、儲運、銷售等環(huan)(huan)節建(jian)(jian)立可追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯體系。建(jian)(jian)立完善(shan)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全可追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯信(xin)息(xi)(xi)平臺,增強質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全可追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯能力。
(五)建立質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)控評估預警體系。制定出口農(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)、疫情疫病(bing)監(jian)控計劃和實施方(fang)(fang)案,對(dui)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)實行全(quan)(quan)面監(jian)控檢測。各監(jian)管(guan)部(bu)門要(yao)根據(ju)監(jian)控檢測結果和質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang),定期(qi)開展風險評估,對(dui)農(nong)獸藥殘留(liu)等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患及時預警通報,提(ti)出整改方(fang)(fang)案并抓好落實。各有(you)關(guan)單(dan)位要(yao)建立出口農(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)突發事件(jian)應急(ji)處(chu)置(zhi)機制,對(dui)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)突發事件(jian)立即啟動應急(ji)處(chu)置(zhi)預案,有(you)效(xiao)防范進口國采取(qu)停止(zhi)進口程序或封關(guan)等(deng)(deng)措施。各有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門要(yao)加強(qiang)信息(xi)共享,相(xiang)互(hu)提(ti)供(gong)出口技(ji)術規(gui)范、國內(nei)外市場動態、生產經營(ying)者誠信狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)、出口農(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)責任追溯(su)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)等(deng)(deng)與出口農(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)相(xiang)關(guan)的信息(xi)。
(六)壯大(da)出(chu)口(kou)農產(chan)品(pin)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)。要提(ti)高農產(chan)品(pin)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)社會責任意(yi)識,指導企(qi)業(ye)嚴格按(an)照目標(biao)市場(chang)消費(fei)標(biao)準組(zu)織(zhi)生產(chan)和出(chu)口(kou)。加大(da)對優勢企(qi)業(ye)的(de)扶持力度(du),重點培育一批規模大(da)、起點高、帶動能力強的(de)農產(chan)品(pin)加工企(qi)業(ye)。依托大(da)型骨干(gan)企(qi)業(ye)建設區域性檢(jian)(jian)測中心,在做好企(qi)業(ye)自身(shen)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)測的(de)同時(shi),為周邊地(di)區中小企(qi)業(ye)提(ti)供(gong)檢(jian)(jian)測服務(wu)。大(da)力引進(jin)外(wai)資(zi)(zi),充分(fen)發揮外(wai)資(zi)(zi)企(qi)業(ye)在農產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)、檢(jian)(jian)驗監測、追溯(su)制(zhi)度(du)方面的(de)優勢,發展(zhan)現代農業(ye)。
(七)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標準化(hua)基(ji)(ji)地建(jian)設(she)。在(zai)加(jia)(jia)強對“三品(pin)”認證單位監管(guan)基(ji)(ji)礎上,要結(jie)合實(shi)(shi)際(ji),規(gui)劃建(jian)設(she)具有(you)區域產(chan)(chan)業特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標準化(hua)基(ji)(ji)地,并對每(mei)個基(ji)(ji)地建(jian)檔立卡。健全完善企業與基(ji)(ji)地、農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶及農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合作組織之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益(yi)聯結(jie)機制(zhi)(zhi),形成推進質(zhi)量安(an)全體系建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整體合力(li)。嚴格執行國(guo)(guo)家強制(zhi)(zhi)性技術(shu)規(gui)范(fan),推廣國(guo)(guo)際(ji)通用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“良好(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業操作規(gui)范(fan)”,按照進口國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量安(an)全標準選用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥、獸藥、漁藥和飼料添加(jia)(jia)劑等農(nong)(nong)(nong)業化(hua)學(xue)投入品(pin),并嚴格執行國(guo)(guo)家關于(yu)用(yong)藥安(an)全間隔期(qi)或休藥期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定。對基(ji)(ji)地實(shi)(shi)行農(nong)(nong)(nong)資供應、技術(shu)指導、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理、質(zhi)量檢測和收購銷售“五統一”,建(jian)立健全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄,實(shi)(shi)現基(ji)(ji)地生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)標準化(hua)、規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)和產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無害化(hua)、優質(zhi)化(hua)。
(八(ba))培育農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)出口(kou)(kou)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)。要(yao)加快地方特色品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)培育,積(ji)極開展(zhan)(zhan)具有鮮(xian)明地方特色的(de)地理標志品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)注(zhu)冊(ce)。積(ji)極支持有條件的(de)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)出口(kou)(kou)企業和(he)生產基地開展(zhan)(zhan)國際(ji)認證(zheng)。綜(zong)合(he)運用市(shi)場開拓(tuo)資(zi)金、品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)建設扶(fu)持資(zi)金等多種政策手段,加大對(dui)優質農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)的(de)扶(fu)持力度。
(九)實施(shi)多元(yuan)化國(guo)際市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)戰略。要(yao)根據區(qu)域產業特點,搞好出(chu)口農產品的市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)定位,采取差(cha)異化營銷(xiao)策略,提高農產品的國(guo)際市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)份額(e)。在鞏固日韓(han)傳統市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的基(ji)礎上,努力拓展歐美等(deng)重點市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang),積極(ji)開拓東(dong)盟、中東(dong)、獨聯體(ti)、南(nan)美等(deng)新興市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。
三、保障措施
(一(yi))強化(hua)(hua)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)領導(dao)。按照“政府主導(dao)、國檢指導(dao)、部(bu)門聯(lian)動(dong)、龍(long)頭帶動(dong)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)民行動(dong)”的(de)模式,成立由分管(guan)副區(qu)(qu)(qu)長任組(zu)長、區(qu)(qu)(qu)外經貿(mao)、農(nong)發、海(hai)洋與漁業、公安(an)、財(cai)政、環保、畜牧、工商、質(zhi)監等部(bu)門和單位(wei)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人(ren)為成員的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)領導(dao)小組(zu),負(fu)責(ze)(ze)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)領導(dao)和實(shi)施。各(ge)(ge)相(xiang)關街道辦事(shi)處(chu)(chu)、園區(qu)(qu)(qu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)責(ze)(ze)任主體,要根據各(ge)(ge)自農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)、加(jia)工特(te)點(dian),抽調(diao)骨干力量(liang)(liang)(liang),成立相(xiang)應機(ji)構,具體負(fu)責(ze)(ze)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)各(ge)(ge)項工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。要注重調(diao)動(dong)居委會、專業合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開展質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)體系建(jian)設的(de)積極性,建(jian)立以街道辦事(shi)處(chu)(chu)、園區(qu)(qu)(qu)為功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)域,以居委會和農(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為基本單位(wei)的(de)出口(kou)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)網絡。
(二)明(ming)確(que)責任分工。農(nong)(nong)(nong)發部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)負責植(zhi)物產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)原(yuan)料種植(zhi)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)和(he)動(dong)(dong)物產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)原(yuan)料養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)的(de)質(zhi)量安全(quan)監(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)理,并加強(qiang)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)化學投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)使用的(de)管(guan)理和(he)指導(dao),制定生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求和(he)操作(zuo)規程,監(jian)(jian)測(ce)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)區域水體、大(da)氣、土壤等(deng)環(huan)境(jing),與環(huan)保(bao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)按照職責要(yao)求分別(bie)負責農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)環(huan)境(jing)污染防(fang)治監(jian)(jian)管(guan)。環(huan)保(bao)、質(zhi)監(jian)(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)會同農(nong)(nong)(nong)發、海洋(yang)(yang)與漁(yu)業(ye)等(deng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)監(jian)(jian)督(du)執行(xing)示范區產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)污染物排放標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。海洋(yang)(yang)與漁(yu)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)負責水產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)水生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物原(yuan)料養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)的(de)質(zhi)量安全(quan)監(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)理。質(zhi)監(jian)(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)會同農(nong)(nong)(nong)發、工商部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)負責依法查(cha)處生產(chan)(chan)和(he)經(jing)銷假冒偽劣(lie)商品(pin)(pin)的(de)質(zhi)量違法行(xing)為(wei),加強(qiang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化、計(ji)量工作(zuo)的(de)管(guan)理。工商、安監(jian)(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)負責農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)市場及流(liu)通環(huan)節(jie)(jie)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)。公安部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)依法查(cha)處農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)化學投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)、經(jing)營(ying)、使用過程中的(de)違法犯罪(zui)行(xing)為(wei)。外經(jing)貿部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)負責出口農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)綜合協調及相關信息服務。
(三)加(jia)(jia)大(da)政策扶持(chi)力度(du)。積極爭(zheng)取國(guo)家、省和市促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)產品各(ge)項(xiang)扶持(chi)政策。各(ge)有關(guan)單位要加(jia)(jia)大(da)資金(jin)投入,加(jia)(jia)大(da)對出口(kou)農(nong)產品質量安全區域化管理、出口(kou)農(nong)產品龍頭企(qi)業、檢測實驗室(shi)、農(nong)產品出口(kou)基(ji)地、品牌、新(xin)產品開發(fa)、市場(chang)開拓、國(guo)外注冊認證、反(fan)傾銷應(ying)訴等(deng)的(de)支持(chi)力度(du)。
篇9
深入貫徹落實科學發展觀,以(yi)提高質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和效益為核心,以(yi)轉(zhuan)型升級、創(chuang)新發展為主線,全(quan)面加強(qiang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)工作,堅(jian)持政府(fu)引導、部門協作、企(qi)業自(zi)主、社會(hui)(hui)參與(yu),增強(qiang)全(quan)社會(hui)(hui)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意識,走創(chuang)新引領(ling)和可持續發展之路(lu),大力(li)推動自(zi)主創(chuang)新和經(jing)濟結構調整(zheng)優化,全(quan)面增強(qiang)綜合競爭力(li)和可持續發展能力(li),為率先基本實現現代化提供有力(li)保(bao)障。
二、工作目標
(一)總體目標
到年,全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)大質(zhi)量(liang)工作機(ji)制和科學、高(gao)(gao)效、可靠的質(zhi)量(liang)監管體制基(ji)本(ben)健全(quan)(quan),“崇(chong)尚質(zhi)量(liang)、追(zhui)求卓(zhuo)越”的主流(liu)質(zhi)量(liang)文化(hua)(hua)基(ji)本(ben)形(xing)成(cheng),全(quan)(quan)民質(zhi)量(liang)意識(shi)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)提升,全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)水平顯(xian)著提高(gao)(gao),人民群眾(zhong)生(sheng)活質(zhi)量(liang)和生(sheng)活環(huan)境明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)改善,產品、服務(wu)、工程、環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)和經濟(ji)運行(xing)質(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)達到基(ji)本(ben)實現現代化(hua)(hua)指標體系要求,努力把建成(cheng)國內一(yi)流(liu)的質(zhi)量(liang)強(qiang)市(shi)(shi)。
(二)分類目標
1.產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量目標。提升支柱產(chan)業(ye)和主導產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的總體(ti)質(zhi)量水平,確保產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全,突出以下幾個重點:
(1)制造業質(zhi)(zhi)量競(jing)爭力指數(shu)高于全省水(shui)平(ping)(ping)1~2個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點,重點產品(pin)(pin)市(shi)場抽檢(jian)合格(ge)(ge)率(lv)達到92%以(yi)上,出(chu)口商品(pin)(pin)一次檢(jian)驗合格(ge)(ge)率(lv)達到99%以(yi)上,國家重點產品(pin)(pin)可比性跟蹤監督抽查合格(ge)(ge)率(lv)高于全省平(ping)(ping)均水(shui)平(ping)(ping)1~2個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點,食品(pin)(pin)抽查合格(ge)(ge)率(lv)高于全省平(ping)(ping)均水(shui)平(ping)(ping)2個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點,建成省級以(yi)上優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)產品(pin)(pin)生產示范區1~2個(ge)(ge)。
(2)全面實施(shi)技術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)戰(zhan)略,努力實現國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)新突破,新增采用國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)150項(xiang),推動企業積(ji)極(ji)參(can)與國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)和全國(guo)(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)活動,主導或參(can)與制、修訂國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和行(xing)業標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)40項(xiang),實施(shi)新興產業技術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)專項(xiang)4項(xiang),國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)和全國(guo)(guo)專業標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)技術(shu)委員(yuan)會數(shu)居(ju)全省前列。
(3)省級以(yi)上品(pin)牌(pai)數量占全省總(zong)(zong)數的比(bi)(bi)例高(gao)于(yu)經濟(ji)總(zong)(zong)量占全省的比(bi)(bi)重,有效期內省名牌(pai)產(chan)品(pin)80個,新增行(xing)政認(ren)定(ding)的馳(chi)名商標(biao)5件,新增著名商標(biao)10件;有機食品(pin)、綠(lv)色食品(pin)、無(wu)公害(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)總(zong)(zong)數達到320個。
(4)市級以上品牌企(qi)業(ye)(ye)普遍實施卓越(yue)績效管(guan)理模(mo)式,全國(guo)質(zhi)量(liang)獎和省長質(zhi)量(liang)獎企(qi)業(ye)(ye)數達到2家以上,培育4家地標型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。
(5)建立完善覆蓋全市(shi)重點農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)的標準(zhun)體系,新(xin)建省級(ji)以上農(nong)業標準(zhun)化示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)2個(ge),大型農(nong)貿(mao)批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)場(chang)實(shi)行標準(zhun)化、規(gui)范(fan)化管理,農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)顯著(zhu)提高。
(6)藥品(pin)生(sheng)產企(qi)業(ye)(ye)全部通過GMP(藥品(pin)生(sheng)產質量(liang)(liang)管理規范)認(ren)證,藥品(pin)經(jing)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)GSP(藥品(pin)經(jing)營(ying)質量(liang)(liang)管理規范)認(ren)證達到100%。
(7)建(jian)成國家(jia)級公共技術服務(wu)平臺1個和省級公共技術服務(wu)平臺3個。
2.服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)質量(liang)目(mu)標(biao)。建立適應服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)業發展需求的(de)標(biao)準體系,促(cu)進服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)業規模化(hua)(hua)、標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)、品牌化(hua)(hua)發展,服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)業的(de)用戶(hu)滿意度逐年(nian)上(shang)升并在全省保持領先水(shui)平。省級以上(shang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)品牌企(qi)業數(shu)達到(dao)4家,省服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)質量(liang)獎企(qi)業數(shu)達到(dao)2家,新增(zeng)省級服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)示(shi)范單位2家。
3.工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)目(mu)(mu)標。竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交付使用的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)必(bi)須達(da)到(dao)國(guo)家(jia)標準或規(gui)范要求,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)督覆蓋(gai)率(lv)達(da)100%,竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)合(he)格(ge)率(lv)達(da)到(dao)100%,住宅工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)戶驗收(shou)率(lv)達(da)到(dao)100%,杜絕重特(te)大建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)事故的發(fa)生。國(guo)家(jia)、省(sheng)干線公路項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)優良率(lv)達(da)到(dao)100%,農村(cun)公路項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合(he)格(ge)率(lv)和重點水運工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合(he)格(ge)率(lv)達(da)到(dao)100%,水利單(dan)元工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)合(he)格(ge)率(lv)達(da)到(dao)100%。爭創(chuang)各級優質(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)獎,中國(guo)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)魯(lu)班獎和省(sheng)優質(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“揚子杯”獎數量(liang)達(da)到(dao)25項(xiang)。
4.環境質(zhi)量目標。生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)建設水平全面提升,主要(yao)污(wu)(wu)染物排放總量持續削減,重(zhong)點流域和(he)區域環境質(zhi)量得到顯著(zhu)好轉(zhuan),城鎮集中式飲用水水源地水質(zhi)達(da)標率(lv)(lv)(lv)100%,地表水環境功能(neng)區達(da)標率(lv)(lv)(lv)100%,城市機(ji)動(dong)車尾(wei)氣排放達(da)標率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)到94%,城市空氣質(zhi)量良好以上(shang)天數達(da)到358天,城鎮生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水處理率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)到90%。單位(wei)GDP能(neng)耗符合上(shang)級下達(da)指(zhi)標要(yao)求,水耗控制在25立方米(mi)以下,完成國(guo)家(jia)規定(ding)的節能(neng)減排任(ren)務(wu)。環境質(zhi)量綜合指(zhi)數達(da)到93,高水平達(da)到環保模范城市復評(ping)驗收要(yao)求,建成國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)城市。
5.經濟(ji)運行質量目標。轉變經濟(ji)發展方(fang)式(shi)取得明(ming)顯成效(xiao),增長模式(shi)基本實現以(yi)(yi)創新驅動為(wei)主,服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)增加值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)地(di)區生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)總(zong)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)提(ti)高(gao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)40%,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)增加值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)的比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)提(ti)高(gao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)55%以(yi)(yi)上。戰略性(xing)新興產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)規模以(yi)(yi)上工(gong)業(ye)(ye)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)40%,高(gao)新技(ji)術(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)規模以(yi)(yi)上工(gong)業(ye)(ye)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)超過45%。建成國家(jia)認(ren)定企業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)中心2個,省認(ren)定企業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)中心25個,全社會(hui)研(yan)究與開發(R&D)經費(fei)占(zhan)地(di)區生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)總(zong)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的比(bi)(bi)例提(ti)高(gao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)3%以(yi)(yi)上,發明(ming)專(zhuan)利占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)提(ti)高(gao),科技(ji)進步(bu)(bu)貢獻率達到(dao)(dao)(dao)62%。
三、主要任務
(一)圍繞加快建(jian)成(cheng)現代產業(ye)體系,打造質量和(he)創新高地
1.大(da)力(li)(li)實施質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)行動(dong)(dong)。以市場(chang)為導向,增強經營者(zhe)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)主體責任意識(shi),引導企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)牢固樹立“質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)第(di)一(yi)”和(he)“質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)命”的理(li)(li)(li)(li)念,廣泛開(kai)展質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)興企(qi)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)興業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)活動(dong)(dong),自覺運用卓越(yue)績效、六(liu)西格瑪、零(ling)缺陷等先進的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方法,努(nu)力(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)高產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)滿意度(du),增強市場(chang)競爭能力(li)(li)。開(kai)展市長質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)獎評比,通過(guo)建立卓越(yue)績效管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)孵化基地(di),在(zai)制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)特別是(shi)新(xin)興產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中樹立一(yi)批質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標桿企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),引領全(quan)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)創新(xin)。推動(dong)(dong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加強質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、技(ji)術標準、計量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)檢測體系(xi)建設,大(da)力(li)(li)推廣質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)、測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)、信息安(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)、環境管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)、食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證以及強制性產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、無公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、有(you)機(ji)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證和(he)藥品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)GMP認(ren)(ren)(ren)證、藥品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)經營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)GSP認(ren)(ren)(ren)證,全(quan)面提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)水平。開(kai)展質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論和(he)政策研究(jiu),定期編制全(quan)市宏觀質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)狀況(kuang)分析(xi)報告。
2.大(da)力(li)實(shi)施(shi)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)帶(dai)動戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)。按照培(pei)育(yu)儲備一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)、鞏(gong)固發(fa)展(zhan)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)、成(cheng)(cheng)長壯(zhuang)大(da)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)的要(yao)求,進一(yi)(yi)步加(jia)大(da)對(dui)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)的培(pei)育(yu)和(he)保護(hu)(hu)力(li)度。品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)培(pei)育(yu)以新(xin)經濟、集(ji)聚區和(he)規模(mo)型為著力(li)點,圍繞全市主(zhu)導(dao)(dao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)升級(ji)計劃和(he)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壯(zhuang)大(da)計劃,重點扶持(chi)新(xin)能源、新(xin)材料(liao)、生(sheng)物(wu)技術(shu)(shu)和(he)新(xin)醫藥(yao)、新(xin)型平(ping)板顯示、高端裝備制造等(deng)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)性新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的成(cheng)(cheng)長性企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)立自主(zhu)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai),加(jia)大(da)對(dui)支柱(zhu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)擴張(zhang)和(he)多元化發(fa)展(zhan)的扶持(chi)力(li)度,加(jia)快建設一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)優質(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)示范區,打響區域產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)質(zhi)量(liang)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)。鼓勵企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開展(zhan)境外商(shang)標(biao)(biao)注冊、專利(li)申請(qing)和(he)國(guo)際質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準認證,支持(chi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)國(guo)際化品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai),擴大(da)具有(you)自主(zhu)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)、高附加(jia)值的產(chan)品(pin)(pin)出(chu)口,加(jia)快推動由(you)出(chu)口大(da)市向出(chu)口強市的轉變。加(jia)大(da)自主(zhu)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)培(pei)育(yu)、保護(hu)(hu)、宣傳力(li)度,以市場為導(dao)(dao)向,加(jia)強技術(shu)(shu)改造和(he)政策扶持(chi),引導(dao)(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素向品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)聚,發(fa)展(zhan)壯(zhuang)大(da)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)在全國(guo)乃至國(guo)際上具有(you)較強競爭力(li)的品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)地(di)標(biao)(biao)型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
3.大力實(shi)施(shi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)戰略。支持企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)制(zhi)訂實(shi)施(shi)具有市場競爭力、高于(yu)國家標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內控標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。鼓勵企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)采用(yong)國際和(he)國外(wai)先進標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)組織生(sheng)產,跨越(yue)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)障礙,增強國際競爭力。推(tui)動企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)專利(li)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、專利(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua),引導行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)參與國際和(he)國家標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)活動,增強標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)話語權。集中優勢資源推(tui)進新(xin)興產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)創新(xin),力爭在光電顯示(shi)、小核酸技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、民生(sheng)用(yong)品、工程機械等領域取得(de)一批自主知識產權,搶(qiang)占科(ke)技(ji)(ji)制(zhi)高點,推(tui)動創新(xin)型城市建設。構(gou)筑面向企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、服務一流的(de)(de)具有國內領先水平的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)信(xin)息(xi)社會公共服務平臺,幫(bang)助企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)及(ji)時(shi)掌握國內外(wai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)法規信(xin)息(xi)。建立健全對國外(wai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)風險(xian)預警(jing)(jing)通報機制(zhi),為出口企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)及(ji)時(shi)提(ti)供預警(jing)(jing)信(xin)息(xi),有效應(ying)對技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)性貿易壁壘。全市規模以上企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廣泛開展創建“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)良(liang)好(hao)行(xing)為企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”活動,提(ti)高企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)整體的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)水平。
(二)圍繞推進現代服(fu)務業跨越(yue)發展(zhan),促(cu)進服(fu)務業質量躍升
1.著力(li)(li)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)。加強規劃(hua)引(yin)導和(he)(he)(he)政策(ce)扶持,優化(hua)(hua)(hua)資源(yuan)配置,重點建設一批特色(se)鮮明、空間集中、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集群(qun)、功(gong)能集成的(de)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集聚(ju)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。大力(li)(li)促進生產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展,提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)金融、科技服(fu)務(wu)(wu)、檢(jian)驗檢(jian)測、現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)物(wu)流、軟件(jian)和(he)(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)外包的(de)功(gong)能和(he)(he)(he)水平(ping),改善(shan)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)質量和(he)(he)(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)能力(li)(li),拓展功(gong)能服(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域影響力(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)輻射力(li)(li)。引(yin)導重點企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)走管理(li)規范化(hua)(hua)(hua)、服(fu)務(wu)(wu)品(pin)牌(pai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、運營國(guo)際(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)路,以服(fu)務(wu)(wu)質量提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)推(tui)進連鎖經營、物(wu)流配送和(he)(he)(he)電子商務(wu)(wu)等(deng)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)經營業(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)。提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)商貿、餐飲、賓(bin)館等(deng)傳(chuan)統(tong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)經營管理(li)水平(ping),積極營造“創品(pin)牌(pai)、優品(pin)牌(pai)、強品(pin)牌(pai)”的(de)良(liang)好氛(fen)圍,培育和(he)(he)(he)打造具有(you)特色(se)和(he)(he)(he)影響的(de)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)品(pin)牌(pai)。支持品(pin)牌(pai)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進行跨地區(qu)(qu)(qu)、跨行業(ye)(ye)(ye)兼(jian)并重組,培育一批具有(you)核心競爭力(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)際(ji)影響力(li)(li)的(de)龍頭企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集團(tuan),輸出品(pin)牌(pai)服(fu)務(wu)(wu),發揮示范效應,提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域和(he)(he)(he)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭力(li)(li)。
2.著力推(tui)進服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)。逐步建立一個(ge)以(yi)國際標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、國家(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、行業標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和地方標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)為(wei)主體,以(yi)企業標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)為(wei)補充的服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi),積極(ji)推(tui)進物流(liu)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)、科技、信息、商(shang)貿、餐(can)飲(yin)等多領域(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示范工(gong)作,切實提(ti)高(gao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)和顧客滿(man)意度(du)。以(yi)提(ti)升金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)產(chan)業素質(zhi)和金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)為(wei)目標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),擴大金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)覆蓋領域(yu)(yu),完(wan)善金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)體系(xi)和運行機制(zhi),通過以(yi)點(dian)帶面,整體推(tui)進金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)建設,重(zhong)點(dian)完(wan)成省服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業地方標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)編制(zhi)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示范單位建設,按計劃完(wan)成驗收工(gong)作。
3.著(zhu)力凈化(hua)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)環境(jing)。加(jia)強(qiang)民生(sheng)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督,對餐飲飯(fan)店(dian)、農(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場和超(chao)(chao)市(shi)進行專項計(ji)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督檢查,規范消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)市(shi)場計(ji)量(liang)(liang)秩序(xu),全面實(shi)施(shi)農(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場“四統一”管(guan)(guan)理(li),創建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)市(shi)兩級(ji)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)誠信單位。做好(hao)加(jia)油機、出租車(che)計(ji)價器(qi)、衡器(qi)以及民用四表(biao)的(de)強(qiang)制檢定(ding)工作,維護(hu)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)合法權益。建(jian)(jian)立(li)健全各級(ji)大中型(xing)商場、購(gou)物中心、超(chao)(chao)級(ji)市(shi)場的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系,提升服務與管(guan)(guan)理(li)水平。加(jia)強(qiang)多部門協(xie)作的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)投(tou)訴舉(ju)報咨詢中心建(jian)(jian)設,逐步實(shi)現提供24小時服務,解決消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)難題。加(jia)大打(da)(da)假治(zhi)劣(lie)力度,深入開展打(da)(da)擊(ji)侵犯知(zhi)識產權和制售假冒偽劣(lie)商品(pin)活(huo)動,加(jia)強(qiang)流通領域商品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan),不斷營造(zao)更加(jia)放心的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)環境(jing),打(da)(da)造(zao)品(pin)質(zhi)生(sheng)活(huo)城市(shi)。
(三)圍繞建設生態宜居城(cheng)市,推(tui)動(dong)民生質量(liang)改善
1.進(jin)一步強(qiang)(qiang)化安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)。認(ren)真落實各級(ji)政府的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)領導責任,全(quan)(quan)面(mian)落實職能(neng)部門的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)層級(ji)監管(guan)(guan)責任,嚴格(ge)落實企業單位(wei)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)主體(ti)責任。貫徹“安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)第一、預(yu)防為主、綜合治(zhi)理”的(de)(de)方針,加強(qiang)(qiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)監督力度,提(ti)升應急處置能(neng)力,形(xing)成全(quan)(quan)市安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)長效監管(guan)(guan)機制,堅決杜絕特大事(shi)故(gu)(gu),控(kong)制重(zhong)大事(shi)故(gu)(gu),減少(shao)一般事(shi)故(gu)(gu),保持全(quan)(quan)市安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)形(xing)勢的(de)(de)穩定。強(qiang)(qiang)化安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教育,提(ti)高作業人員(yuan)素質(zhi),確保特種(zhong)設備設計(ji)、制造、安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝、使用(yong)、檢驗、修理、改造等環節不引發重(zhong)特大質(zhi)量(liang)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)。加強(qiang)(qiang)三級(ji)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監察(cha)隊伍建設,注重(zhong)運用(yong)信息(xi)化手段實施動態(tai)監管(guan)(guan),提(ti)高安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)監管(guan)(guan)水(shui)平,消除事(shi)故(gu)(gu)隱患。
2.進(jin)一步(bu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)大環(huan)(huan)境(jing)治理(li)(li)(li)力(li)(li)度(du)。優(you)(you)化(hua)中心城區綠(lv)化(hua),增加(jia)(jia)(jia)綠(lv)化(hua)用地(di),提高(gao)綠(lv)地(di)景(jing)觀質量與生(sheng)態(tai)服務功能,初(chu)步(bu)建(jian)(jian)成自(zi)然(ran)景(jing)觀與人工(gong)文化(hua)相融合(he)(he)、生(sheng)態(tai)功能優(you)(you)化(hua)、健康(kang)舒適的(de)城市(shi)(shi)綠(lv)地(di)空間。通過加(jia)(jia)(jia)快市(shi)(shi)政污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施及配套管(guan)網建(jian)(jian)設(she),提高(gao)區域內城鄉(xiang)生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集率(lv)及集中處理(li)(li)(li)率(lv)。繼(ji)續推進(jin)陽澄湖(hu)流(liu)域水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜合(he)(he)治理(li)(li)(li),采取(qu)有效(xiao)措(cuo)施保(bao)障飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質安全。突(tu)(tu)出湖(hu)泊(bo)、河流(liu)休養生(sheng)息的(de)理(li)(li)(li)念,實施水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜合(he)(he)整治工(gong)程(cheng),逐步(bu)解決城市(shi)(shi)黑臭(chou)河道(dao)問(wen)題。繼(ji)續強(qiang)化(hua)總量控(kong)制,降低污(wu)(wu)染負荷,確(que)保(bao)污(wu)(wu)染源(yuan)(yuan)達標排(pai)放。控(kong)制固體廢物(wu)污(wu)(wu)染,推進(jin)危險(xian)(xian)廢物(wu)全過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)及污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)(li)廠污(wu)(wu)泥穩定、無害(hai)化(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作,逐步(bu)實現生(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)圾分類收(shou)集和(he)無害(hai)化(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)大氣環(huan)(huan)境(jing)治理(li)(li)(li),全面(mian)實施推行(xing)(xing)機(ji)動車(che)尾氣控(kong)制,輕型汽車(che)尾氣排(pai)放開始執行(xing)(xing)國(guo)Ⅳ標準。加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)管(guan)能力(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)設(she)和(he)突(tu)(tu)發環(huan)(huan)境(jing)事(shi)件應急體系(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she),全面(mian)防范環(huan)(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian),不斷提高(gao)市(shi)(shi)民滿意(yi)度(du)。大力(li)(li)倡導“人與自(zi)然(ran)協調發展”的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)觀,以生(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)(jian)設(she)和(he)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護為重(zhong)點(dian),改善人居環(huan)(huan)境(jing),建(jian)(jian)設(she)國(guo)家生(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)城市(shi)(shi)。
3.進一步提升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)水平。貫徹(che)實施《建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)條(tiao)例》,完善工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)體系,加強勘察、設(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、監(jian)理(li)各環節的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan),嚴格落(luo)(luo)實工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)各主(zhu)體的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)責任,切實保(bao)障輕軌、交通樞紐等(deng)重大(da)(da)市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。加大(da)(da)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場管(guan)理(li)等(deng)監(jian)管(guan)力度(du),督促施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)監(jian)理(li)單位把質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全保(bao)障措(cuo)施落(luo)(luo)到(dao)實處。引(yin)(yin)導企(qi)業(ye)應用新(xin)技術、新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、新(xin)材料、新(xin)設(she)備,創建新(xin)技術應用示范工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。推行樣板引(yin)(yin)路、標準化(hua)(hua)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)精細化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)措(cuo)施,加強施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制,最大(da)(da)限(xian)度(du)減(jian)少施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對市民出行和(he)環境的(de)(de)影響。全面推行住宅(zhai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)分戶驗收制度(du),提高住宅(zhai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)水平,確保(bao)保(bao)障性住房質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。加強工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)抗震(zhen)(zhen)設(she)防,增強學校(xiao)、醫院、住宅(zhai)、大(da)(da)型公共(gong)建筑等(deng)抵御地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)災害能力。切實抓(zhua)好交通、水利、能源和(he)信息等(deng)重大(da)(da)基礎設(she)施和(he)重大(da)(da)產業(ye)項目建設(she)管(guan)理(li),確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。完善工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)創優激(ji)勵機制,鼓勵企(qi)業(ye)爭創中國建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)魯班獎和(he)省優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“揚子(zi)杯(bei)”獎,進一步提升(sheng)城(cheng)市功能和(he)品味。
4.進(jin)一步發(fa)展(zhan)低碳循(xun)環(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)。推(tui)進(jin)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai),實施結構節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、技(ji)術節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、管理節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),建設資源(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)(jie)約型、環(huan)境(jing)友(you)好(hao)型社會。通過標準提升、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)計、嚴格(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)產許可(ke)等手段,引(yin)導企業(ye)(ye)(ye)建立健全能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)測量評估技(ji)術體系,減少(shao)資源(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消耗。嚴格(ge)限制高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗產業(ye)(ye)(ye)無(wu)序發(fa)展(zhan),嚴令(ling)禁止使用、生(sheng)(sheng)產國家明令(ling)淘汰的工藝和產品,加快淘汰高耗能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高污染、高排(pai)放產能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),形(xing)成以高新技(ji)術產業(ye)(ye)(ye)和現代服務業(ye)(ye)(ye)為主的低碳產業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構。遵循(xun)減量化、再利用原則,積極推(tui)廣企業(ye)(ye)(ye)清潔生(sheng)(sheng)產審(shen)核、ISO14000環(huan)境(jing)質量認證、低碳認證,鼓勵(li)扶持節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產品開發(fa),發(fa)展(zhan)綠色經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)和循(xun)環(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)。
(四)圍繞(rao)率先基(ji)本實現現代(dai)化(hua),增強城市(shi)質量(liang)競(jing)爭力
1.切實(shi)強化(hua)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全監(jian)(jian)管(guan)。依法(fa)落實(shi)企業(ye)質(zhi)(zhi)量責任,完(wan)善(shan)各項規(gui)章制(zhi)(zhi)度,建(jian)立(li)健全從產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)設計(ji)、生產(chan)制(zhi)(zhi)造、儲(chu)運銷售(shou)到售(shou)后服務全過程的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量保障機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。堅(jian)持從源頭抓(zhua)質(zhi)(zhi)量,綜合運用(yong)生產(chan)許可、認證認可、注冊備案等手(shou)段,對(dui)涉及健康安全的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)嚴(yan)把(ba)市場準(zhun)入關。加(jia)強對(dui)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)、藥品(pin)(pin)(pin)和重要工(gong)農業(ye)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)環節監(jian)(jian)管(guan),加(jia)大監(jian)(jian)督抽查和后處理(li)力度,嚴(yan)厲(li)打擊侵(qin)犯知識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)、制(zhi)(zhi)售(shou)假冒(mao)偽劣產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)等違法(fa)行為,嚴(yan)格實(shi)行質(zhi)(zhi)量追(zhui)溯(su)、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)召回和責任追(zhui)究(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)度。建(jian)立(li)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全區域監(jian)(jian)管(guan)責任制(zhi)(zhi),落實(shi)分(fen)(fen)級(ji)分(fen)(fen)類管(guan)理(li),強化(hua)日(ri)常(chang)巡查。完(wan)善(shan)科學、規(gui)范(fan)(fan)、高效的(de)(de)進出(chu)口商品(pin)(pin)(pin)檢驗檢疫監(jian)(jian)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)系,加(jia)強對(dui)法(fa)定(ding)檢驗進出(chu)口商品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)通關單聯網(wang)核查工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),強化(hua)法(fa)定(ding)檢驗目(mu)錄外進出(chu)口商品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽查檢驗,有效防范(fan)(fan)和打擊逃(tao)避監(jian)(jian)管(guan)行為,防止不合格商品(pin)(pin)(pin)出(chu)入境(jing)。建(jian)立(li)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全風(feng)險監(jian)(jian)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)系,推動(dong)建(jian)立(li)產(chan)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全監(jian)(jian)測(ce)網(wang)絡(luo),完(wan)善(shan)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全風(feng)險評估、監(jian)(jian)測(ce)、預(yu)警(jing)、信息(xi)通報(bao)和快速處置(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),切實(shi)防范(fan)(fan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量和食品(pin)(pin)(pin)藥品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全等突(tu)發事件,做好應急處置(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。充分(fen)(fen)發揮社(she)會(hui)監(jian)(jian)督作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),進一步整合社(she)會(hui)資源,完(wan)善(shan)質(zhi)(zhi)量投訴舉報(bao)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。
2.切實加快公(gong)共(gong)技(ji)術服(fu)務(wu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。按(an)照全市(shi)經濟社會發展規劃(hua),遵循合理布局、開(kai)放共(gong)享的原則,建(jian)(jian)(jian)立與經濟社會發展水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)相適應(ying)(ying)的公(gong)共(gong)技(ji)術服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系(xi),大力促進(jin)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)和技(ji)術保(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設,努力為社會提(ti)供檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)、認(ren)證認(ren)可、信用評(ping)價、工程(cheng)和設備(bei)監理等(deng)與國際慣例接軌的全方位服(fu)務(wu),為打(da)造“質(zhi)量(liang)”提(ti)供技(ji)術支(zhi)撐(cheng)。以省(sheng)級(ji)以上技(ji)術機(ji)構為主(zhu)體(ti),新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)一批高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立完善(shan)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)構資(zi)質(zhi)認(ren)定制度和實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室評(ping)價制度,在重點領域實現(xian)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)結果的國際互認(ren),為有效應(ying)(ying)對技(ji)術性貿易措施(shi)提(ti)供檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)技(ji)術保(bao)障(zhang)。加大政(zheng)策扶持力度,促進(jin)公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)提(ti)高(gao)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)能力和科技(ji)服(fu)務(wu)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping),為建(jian)(jian)(jian)設創新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)市(shi)提(ti)供有效保(bao)障(zhang)。
3.切實(shi)推(tui)進信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)建設(she)。全面推(tui)進誠信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)建設(she),建立(li)健(jian)全社(she)會信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi),充分發揮社(she)會信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)征集(ji)服務系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),促進社(she)會信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)意識、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水平和(he)政府部門公信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顯著提高(gao),打造誠實(shi)守(shou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會經濟環(huan)境(jing)。努力(li)構(gou)建包括金融、質量(liang)(liang)、注冊、履約、債(zhai)(zhai)務、納稅、守(shou)法等(deng)內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi),不斷(duan)營造更放(fang)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)投資環(huan)境(jing)、消費環(huan)境(jing)和(he)市(shi)場(chang)環(huan)境(jing),全面提升企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水平。完善質量(liang)(liang)誠信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)檔(dang)案,建立(li)和(he)完善市(shi)民查詢企(qi)業(ye)(ye)質量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機制(zhi)。擴(kuo)大質量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)級(ji)評價范圍(wei),對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)實(shi)行分級(ji)分類管(guan)(guan)理。整合質量(liang)(liang)安全監管(guan)(guan)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)資源,建立(li)全市(shi)統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)質量(liang)(liang)檔(dang)案、質量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)級(ji)指標體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)和(he)質量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)理信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)化系(xi)統。發揮信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中介機構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),重點建立(li)和(he)完善企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)評價體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi),完善企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)評價和(he)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)機制(zhi),實(shi)施對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)財務失信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、質量(liang)(liang)失信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、債(zhai)(zhai)務失信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)等(deng)行為的(de)(de)(de)(de)通報和(he)懲罰機制(zhi)。
4.切實(shi)加(jia)強質(zhi)量人(ren)(ren)才(cai)隊(dui)(dui)伍建設。按照加(jia)快建設新(xin)城市、集聚(ju)新(xin)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)、發展(zhan)新(xin)產業(ye)(ye)的要求(qiu),關心(xin)和(he)(he)重視質(zhi)量人(ren)(ren)才(cai)隊(dui)(dui)伍建設。加(jia)快培(pei)(pei)養(yang)具有質(zhi)量意識(shi)和(he)(he)創(chuang)新(xin)思維的企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia)隊(dui)(dui)伍,組織企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia)參加(jia)各(ge)類高級管理(li)培(pei)(pei)訓班學習,提高企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia)的管理(li)水平和(he)(he)經營(ying)能力。加(jia)強緊缺質(zhi)量人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的培(pei)(pei)養(yang)工作,積極(ji)同國內(nei)外著(zhu)名(ming)機構、高校合作,抓緊培(pei)(pei)養(yang)一批高素質(zhi)的質(zhi)量工程師(shi)(shi)、自評(ping)師(shi)(shi)、審核員(yuan)、檢驗員(yuan)和(he)(he)設備監理(li)師(shi)(shi)。加(jia)強崗位職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)培(pei)(pei)訓和(he)(he)考核,探索(suo)建立企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)首(shou)席(xi)質(zhi)量官制度(du),適應企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管理(li)創(chuang)新(xin)需求(qiu)。
四、保障措施
(一)健全領導(dao)(dao)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)機制(zhi)。成立由市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長任組(zu)長的市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量強市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)領導(dao)(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)組(zu),負(fu)責活動(dong)的統籌(chou)規劃(hua)、組(zu)織協調(diao)、指導(dao)(dao)監(jian)督(du)、宣(xuan)傳教育、考核檢(jian)查(cha)等,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)委宣(xuan)傳部、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)改委、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經信委、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)科技局(ju)(ju)(知(zhi)識產(chan)權局(ju)(ju))、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公安局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民政局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)財政局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國土局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)住建(jian)局(ju)(ju)(園林綠化(hua)局(ju)(ju))、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規劃(hua)局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城管局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)通局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水利局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農委、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)商務局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文廣局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)生局(ju)(ju)(食藥監(jian)局(ju)(ju))、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環保局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)旅游局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安監(jian)局(ju)(ju)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)總工(gong)會、出入境檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)局(ju)(ju)、工(gong)商局(ju)(ju)、質(zhi)監(jian)局(ju)(ju)等部門作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為領導(dao)(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)組(zu)成員單位,領導(dao)(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)組(zu)辦公室設(she)在質(zhi)監(jian)局(ju)(ju),具(ju)體負(fu)責協調(diao)和推進質(zhi)量強市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。各區鎮、各部門也要成立相應的領導(dao)(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)組(zu),負(fu)責做(zuo)好(hao)本區鎮、本部門的具(ju)體工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。
(二)建立(li)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)責(ze)(ze)任制。各級質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)強市(shi)工作領導小(xiao)組(zu)應(ying)根據實(shi)際(ji)情況(kuang),確定(ding)本地區產品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、服務(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和經濟(ji)運行質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)總(zong)體目(mu)標(biao)(biao),并在總(zong)體目(mu)標(biao)(biao)的框架(jia)內提出(chu)分年度實(shi)施(shi)的階段性目(mu)標(biao)(biao),制定(ding)相(xiang)應(ying)的定(ding)量(liang)(liang)或定(ding)性指(zhi)標(biao)(biao),分解落(luo)實(shi)到相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的職(zhi)(zhi)能部門、企(qi)業及社會有關(guan)(guan)方面,簽訂質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)責(ze)(ze)任書。各有關(guan)(guan)部門要在市(shi)領導小(xiao)組(zu)的統一協調下,認(ren)真(zhen)履行各自職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze),切實(shi)抓好本系統的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)工作,互相(xiang)配合,齊抓共(gong)管(guan),確保(bao)活動目(mu)標(biao)(biao)得到全面落(luo)實(shi)。
(三)營(ying)造良好(hao)社會(hui)氛圍(wei)。新聞(wen)單位要及時宣傳(chuan)報道質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)強(qiang)市活(huo)動(dong)(dong)的(de)一些重要工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),引(yin)導廣大群眾積(ji)極參與質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)強(qiang)市活(huo)動(dong)(dong),形成“人(ren)人(ren)參與質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、人(ren)人(ren)創(chuang)造質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、人(ren)人(ren)享受質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)”的(de)良好(hao)氛圍(wei)。要結合“質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)月”、“安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)月”、“國際消費(fei)者權益日”、“世界(jie)計量(liang)(liang)日”等(deng)主題活(huo)動(dong)(dong),積(ji)極開展質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)服(fu)務進社區、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)宣傳(chuan)進學(xue)校等(deng)活(huo)動(dong)(dong),使質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)貼近民生(sheng)扎根基(ji)層。要充(chong)分發揮各類社會(hui)組織(zhi)在質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督方面(mian)的(de)積(ji)極作(zuo)用(yong),商會(hui)、行業(ye)協會(hui)等(deng)行業(ye)組織(zhi)要依(yi)據(ju)市場(chang)規則建立自律機(ji)制,引(yin)導企業(ye)強(qiang)化(hua)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)信用(yong);咨詢服(fu)務機(ji)構要積(ji)極開展社會(hui)性的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)宣傳(chuan)、教育培(pei)訓和(he)技術咨詢等(deng)各項服(fu)務,增強(qiang)消費(fei)者自我保護意識,全(quan)力構建政(zheng)府、企業(ye)和(he)社會(hui)重視質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、齊抓共管的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)格局。
篇10
(一)加工食品質量和(he)安全(quan)水平穩步提高
1.食品(pin)加工業快速健康(kang)發展
近年來,中(zhong)國食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)持續(xu)快速健康(kang)發展,經濟效益穩步(bu)提高。按照食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)原料和加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝不同,食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)分為(wei):糧食加工(gong)(gong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),食用油(you)、油(you)脂(zhi)及(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),調味品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),肉制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),乳(ru)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),飲料,方(fang)便食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),餅干(gan),罐(guan)頭,冷(leng)凍(dong)(dong)飲品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),速凍(dong)(dong)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),薯類和膨化食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),糖果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(含巧克力及(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)),茶葉,酒(jiu)類,蔬菜制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),水(shui)果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),炒貨食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)及(ji)堅果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),蛋制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),可可及(ji)焙烤咖啡產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),食糖,水(shui)產(chan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),淀(dian)(dian)粉及(ji)淀(dian)(dian)粉制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),糕點,豆制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),蜂產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),特殊膳食食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)及(ji)其(qi)他食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)共28大(da)類525種。目前(qian),全國共有食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)加工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)44.8萬(wan)家(jia)(jia)。其(qi)中(zhong)規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)上企(qi)業(ye)2.6萬(wan)家(jia)(jia),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)場占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有率為(wei)72%,產(chan)量(liang)和銷售收入占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主導地位(wei);規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)、10人(ren)以(yi)(yi)上企(qi)業(ye)6.9萬(wan)家(jia)(jia),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)場占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有率為(wei)18.7%;10人(ren)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)小企(qi)業(ye)小作坊35.3萬(wan)家(jia)(jia),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)場占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有率為(wei)9.3%(見圖1)。
據統計,2006年(nian)(nian)全國規模(mo)以上食(shi)品(pin)(pin)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)實現總產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)21586.95億元(yuan)人(ren)民幣(bi)(不含煙(yan)草),占全國工(gong)業(ye)(ye)總產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)的(de)(de)6.8%,同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長23.5%。其中,糧油加(jia)工(gong)、肉類加(jia)工(gong)、乳制品(pin)(pin)加(jia)工(gong)等行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)增加(jia)值(zhi)和(he)利潤(run)增長率均超過20%。2006年(nian)(nian),中國食(shi)品(pin)(pin)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)分別(bie)達到(dao):小麥粉5193萬(wan)噸、食(shi)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)油1985.5萬(wan)噸、鮮冷藏凍肉1112.5萬(wan)噸、乳制品(pin)(pin)1459.6萬(wan)噸、啤酒3515.2萬(wan)千升(sheng)、軟(ruan)飲料4219.8萬(wan)噸,同(tong)比(bi)(bi)分別(bie)增長28.2%、17.5%、24.0%、23.5%、14.7%和(he)21.5%。2007年(nian)(nian)1月至6月,食(shi)品(pin)(pin)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)總產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)累計12816.2億元(yuan)人(ren)民幣(bi),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長29.9%。啤酒、食(shi)用(yong)油、飲料、味精(jing)等食(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)位居世(shi)界前列。
當前,中(zhong)國(guo)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展呈(cheng)現出(chu)以下特(te)點:一(yi)(yi)是(shi)部分(fen)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)(he)裝備(bei)接近或達到(dao)國(guo)際領先水平(ping)。肉制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)、乳(ru)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)、飲(yin)料(liao)(liao)、啤酒(jiu)等(deng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)大型企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)普遍擁有世(shi)界一(yi)(yi)流水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)設備(bei)和(he)(he)檢驗(yan)設備(bei),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)得(de)到(dao)了(le)保(bao)證(zheng)。膜分(fen)離、物性修飾、無菌冷(leng)(leng)灌裝、濃縮、冷(leng)(leng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)等(deng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)和(he)(he)應用,縮短(duan)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)(he)裝備(bei)與國(guo)際先進水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)距。二(er)(er)是(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理更加(jia)(jia)科學規范。共有10.7萬(wan)家食(shi)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)獲(huo)得(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全市場準入(ru)資格,2675家食(shi)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)獲(huo)得(de)了(le)危害(hai)分(fen)析與關(guan)鍵控(kong)制(zhi)點(HACCP)認證(zheng)。三是(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)結(jie)構(gou)趨于優化,有效滿(man)足(zu)了(le)消費者日益增長的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)層(ceng)次需求。精深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重均有不同程度(du)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)升(sheng),如液體(ti)乳(ru)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)到(dao)乳(ru)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)85%以上(shang);軟(ruan)飲(yin)料(liao)(liao)制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)打破(po)過去一(yi)(yi)直以碳(tan)酸(suan)飲(yin)料(liao)(liao)為主的(de)(de)(de)局面,形成了(le)包裝飲(yin)用水、碳(tan)酸(suan)飲(yin)料(liao)(liao)、果蔬飲(yin)料(liao)(liao)、茶飲(yin)料(liao)(liao)等(deng)多(duo)元化發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)態勢;糧油行業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong),特(te)制(zhi)二(er)(er)等(deng)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)精制(zhi)小麥(mai)粉占(zhan)小麥(mai)粉總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)65%;標(biao)準一(yi)(yi)等(deng)米(mi)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)精米(mi)占(zhan)大米(mi)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)88%,特(te)等(deng)大米(mi)在大米(mi)中(zhong)所占(zhan)比(bi)重達到(dao)33.9%;一(yi)(yi)級(ji)油、二(er)(er)級(ji)油(分(fen)別相當于原國(guo)家標(biao)準中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)色(se)拉油和(he)(he)高級(ji)烹調油)在食(shi)用植(zhi)物油中(zhong)所占(zhan)比(bi)重合計(ji)達到(dao)58.5%。
2.食品質量不斷提高(gao)
一是食品總(zong)體合格率穩(wen)步(bu)提升。2006年全國食品國家監(jian)督抽查合格率達到(dao)77.9%。2007年上半年,食品專項國家監(jian)督抽查合格率達到(dao)了85.1%。食品質量安全水平(ping)保持穩(wen)定,并呈上升態勢(見圖2)。
二是全國各省、自治區、直轄市食(shi)品質(zhi)量呈共同提(ti)高(gao)的(de)格(ge)局。2007年(nian)上半(ban)年(nian)全國31個省、自治區、直轄市食(shi)品質(zhi)量平均合格(ge)率(lv)為89.2%,其(qi)中有14個省達到(dao)90%以上。
三是重點行業(ye)的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)達(da)(da)到較高(gao)水平。經過(guo)對(dui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)生產加工企業(ye)的(de)(de)專項整頓,中國28大類525種食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安全水平都有不(bu)同程度的(de)(de)提高(gao),特別(bie)是日常大量(liang)消費的(de)(de)重點行業(ye)的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)提高(gao)顯著。據統計,中國消費量(liang)最大的(de)(de)前10類食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)分別(bie)為:食(shi)(shi)(shi)用油、油脂及制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin),酒類,水產制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin),糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)加工品(pin)(pin),飲料,肉(rou)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin),乳制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin),調味品(pin)(pin),淀(dian)粉及淀(dian)粉制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin),食(shi)(shi)(shi)糖。2007年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian),除水產制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)抽樣(yang)(yang)合格率為85%外,其余9類食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)專項抽查(cha)合格率均(jun)在90%以上(shang),肉(rou)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)抽樣(yang)(yang)合格率達(da)(da)到97.6%(見圖3)。
3.優質食品成為市場主(zhu)導產品
隨(sui)著食(shi)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展,食(shi)品(pin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模不(bu)斷擴大(da),生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)集中(zhong)(zhong)度不(bu)斷提高,大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)型企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量優良(liang)。2006年,銷售(shou)收(shou)(shou)入排名前100家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銷售(shou)總(zong)額占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)比重達24.9%;乳制(zhi)品(pin)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)10強企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銷售(shou)收(shou)(shou)入占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)54.7%;飲料行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)10強企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)39.5%;制(zhi)糖行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)10強企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)43.6%;肉制(zhi)品(pin)50強企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li)和銷售(shou)量占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)整(zheng)個行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)70%;啤酒行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)100萬千(qian)升(sheng)以上的(de)(de)8家(jia)(jia)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集團產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)國總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)57%;葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)酒產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量前10位(wei)的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)國葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)酒產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)62.1%;方便面行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)最大(da)的(de)(de)3家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)國名牌(pai)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)國國內市(shi)場份(fen)額的(de)(de)76%。
(二)農產品(pin)質量安全穩(wen)步提高
1.安全優質的品(pin)牌農產品(pin)快速發展
優(you)質(zhi)品(pin)牌(pai)農(nong)產品(pin)市場占(zhan)有(you)率(lv)穩(wen)步提(ti)高。農(nong)業(ye)標(biao)準化能力顯著提(ti)高,促進了農(nong)民增收和農(nong)業(ye)生產方式的(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)、綠色、有(you)機等品(pin)牌(pai)農(nong)產品(pin)已(yi)成為(wei)出(chu)口(kou)農(nong)產品(pin)的(de)主體,占(zhan)到(dao)出(chu)口(kou)農(nong)產品(pin)的(de)90%。近(jin)5年來,綠色食(shi)品(pin)出(chu)口(kou)以(yi)年均(jun)40%以(yi)上的(de)速度增長,已(yi)得到(dao)40多個貿易國(guo)的(de)認(ren)可。截至目前,全國(guo)有(you)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產品(pin)28600個,認(ren)定(ding)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產品(pin)產地24600個,面(mian)積2107萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing);有(you)5315家企業(ye)使用綠色食(shi)品(pin)標(biao)志(zhi),產品(pin)14339個,實(shi)(shi)物總量(liang)7200萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun),認(ren)證產地面(mian)積1000萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing);經(jing)認(ren)證的(de)有(you)機食(shi)品(pin)標(biao)志(zhi)使用企業(ye)600家,產品(pin)總數2647個,實(shi)(shi)物總量(liang)1956萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun),認(ren)證面(mian)積311萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing);有(you)國(guo)家級(ji)農(nong)業(ye)標(biao)準化示范(fan)(fan)(fan)區539個,農(nong)業(ye)標(biao)準化示范(fan)(fan)(fan)縣(場)100個,省級(ji)標(biao)準化示范(fan)(fan)(fan)區近(jin)3500個,帶(dai)動種植面(mian)積超過3333萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。
2.農產品質量合(he)格率持續上升
根據(ju)2007年(nian)上半年(nian)的監測結果(guo),蔬菜中(zhong)農藥(yao)殘留平(ping)均(jun)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)93.6%;畜產(chan)品中(zhong)“瘦(shou)肉精”污染(ran)和(he)磺胺類藥(yao)物殘留監測平(ping)均(jun)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)率(lv)(lv)分別為(wei)98.8%和(he)99.0%;水產(chan)品中(zhong)氯霉(mei)素污染(ran)的平(ping)均(jun)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)99.6%,硝基呋喃類代謝物污染(ran)監測合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)91.4%,產(chan)地藥(yao)殘抽檢合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)率(lv)(lv)穩定在95%以上。
(三)進出口食品質量保持高(gao)水平
中(zhong)國是食(shi)(shi)品(pin)進出(chu)口大國,多年來食(shi)(shi)品(pin)進出(chu)口不斷增長(chang)。2006年,食(shi)(shi)品(pin)進出(chu)口貿易(yi)總額為404.48億美元(yuan)(不包括小麥、玉米(mi)、大豆等(deng)農產品(pin),下同(tong)),同(tong)比增長(chang)了21.45%(見圖4)。
1.出口食品安全得到保(bao)障(zhang)
2006年(nian),中(zhong)國出(chu)口(kou)食(shi)品2417.3萬噸,貨(huo)(huo)值(zhi)266.59億美元,同比分(fen)別增長了13.29%和16.0%;出(chu)口(kou)食(shi)品貨(huo)(huo)值(zhi)列前10位的(de)品種分(fen)別為:水產品、水產制(zhi)品、蔬(shu)菜、罐頭、果汁(zhi)及飲料(liao)、糧食(shi)制(zhi)品、調味料(liao)、禽肉制(zhi)品、酒、畜肉及雜碎(sui)(見圖5)。
中國(guo)(guo)食品出口(kou)到200多個國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和地區,按貿(mao)易額排序(xu)前10位的國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和地區依次(ci)是:日本、美(mei)國(guo)(guo)、韓國(guo)(guo)、香(xiang)港、俄羅斯、德國(guo)(guo)、馬來西(xi)亞(ya)、荷蘭(lan)、印度尼西(xi)亞(ya)、英國(guo)(guo)(見圖6)。
多年(nian)來,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)率(lv)一直(zhi)保持(chi)在(zai)99%以上。據統(tong)計,2006年(nian)和(he)2007年(nian)上半(ban)年(nian),出(chu)口(kou)(kou)到美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)9.4萬(wan)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)和(he)5.5萬(wan)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),被(bei)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)檢出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)752批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)和(he)477批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)率(lv)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)99.2%和(he)99.1%;出(chu)口(kou)(kou)到歐(ou)(ou)盟(meng)(meng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)9.1萬(wan)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)和(he)6.2萬(wan)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),被(bei)歐(ou)(ou)盟(meng)(meng)檢出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)91批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)和(he)135批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)率(lv)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)99.9%和(he)99.8%。日(ri)(ri)本是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)進口(kou)(kou)國(guo)(guo),2007年(nian)7月20日(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)本厚(hou)生勞動(dong)省公布的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)本2006年(nian)進口(kou)(kou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)控統(tong)計報告顯示(shi),日(ri)(ri)本對中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽檢率(lv)最(zui)高(gao),達(da)15.7%,但中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)輸日(ri)(ri)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽檢合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)率(lv)也最(zui)高(gao),達(da)99.42%;其次是(shi)歐(ou)(ou)盟(meng)(meng)(99.38%);第三是(shi)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(98.69%)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)香港特別(bie)行政區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)主要來自(zi)內地。香港特區(qu)食(shi)物環(huan)境衛(wei)生署(shu)2007年(nian)上半(ban)年(nian)兩次大規模食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽樣檢測表(biao)明,香港地區(qu)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)整體合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)率(lv)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)99.2%和(he)99.6%。
2.進口食品質量安全(quan)水平保持穩定
2006年,中國進(jin)口(kou)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)2027.3萬(wan)噸,貨(huo)值133.96億美元,同(tong)比分別增長(chang)了7.94%和(he)25.11%。進(jin)口(kou)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)貨(huo)值列前10位(wei)的品(pin)(pin)(pin)種分別是:植(zhi)物油、水產品(pin)(pin)(pin)、谷物、食糖、乳制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、酒、煙草(cao)及制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、禽肉及雜碎、油料作物、糧食制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(見圖7)。
中國的進口(kou)食品來(lai)自世界上143個國家和地(di)區,向中國出(chu)口(kou)食品貨值列前10位的國家分別為:馬來(lai)西亞、俄羅(luo)斯、美(mei)國、印度尼西亞、阿(a)根廷、泰國、澳大利亞、新(xin)西蘭、巴(ba)西、法(fa)國(見圖8)。
多(duo)年來,中國(guo)進口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)的質(zhi)量總(zong)體(ti)平穩,沒(mei)有(you)發生過(guo)因進口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)質(zhi)量安全引起(qi)的嚴重質(zhi)量安全事故。2004年、2005年、2006年和(he)2007年上半年,進口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)口(kou)岸檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫(yi)合格率分別為(wei)99.29%、99.46%、99.11%和(he)99.29%。
二、食(shi)品監(jian)管(guan)(guan)體制和監(jian)管(guan)(guan)工作
為保障食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan),中國(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)府樹立(li)了全(quan)(quan)程監(jian)管(guan)的(de)(de)理念,堅持(chi)預防(fang)為主(zhu)、源頭治(zhi)理的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)思(si)路(lu),形成了“全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)統一(yi)領(ling)導(dao),地方政(zheng)府負(fu)責(ze),部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)指導(dao)協調,各(ge)(ge)方聯合(he)行動”的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)格局。根據中國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情(qing),2004年國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院了《國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院關于進(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)強食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)決定(ding)》,按(an)照一(yi)個(ge)監(jian)管(guan)環(huan)節(jie)由(you)一(yi)個(ge)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)監(jian)管(guan)的(de)(de)分工(gong)原則(ze),采(cai)取分段監(jian)管(guan)為主(zhu)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種監(jian)管(guan)為輔(fu)的(de)(de)方式,進(jin)一(yi)步理順了有(you)關食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)職(zhi)能,明確了責(ze)任。該決定(ding)將(jiang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)分為四個(ge)環(huan)節(jie),分別由(you)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、質檢、工(gong)商(shang)、衛生(sheng)(sheng)等四個(ge)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)實施。其中初級農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)由(you)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)負(fu)責(ze),食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)加(jia)工(gong)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)質量(liang)監(jian)督和(he)(he)日常衛生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)管(guan)由(you)質檢部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)負(fu)責(ze),食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)流通環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)由(you)工(gong)商(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)負(fu)責(ze),餐飲業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堂等消(xiao)費環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)由(you)衛生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)負(fu)責(ze),食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)綜合(he)監(jian)督、組織協調和(he)(he)依法組織查(cha)處重大(da)事故(gu)由(you)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)藥品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)負(fu)責(ze),進(jin)出(chu)口農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)管(guan)由(you)質檢部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)負(fu)責(ze)。各(ge)(ge)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)分工(gong)明確,密(mi)切配合(he),相(xiang)互銜(xian)接,形成了嚴(yan)密(mi)、完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)體(ti)系。
加強食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監管(guan)是一項(xiang)長期艱巨的(de)任務,必須立足當前,規劃長遠(yuan),標本(ben)兼治,著力治本(ben),建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)監管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)度和長效機制(zhi)(zhi)。中國(guo)政府(fu)堅(jian)持(chi)從源頭狠抓(zhua)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan),完善食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)監管(guan)的(de)各(ge)項(xiang)基(ji)本(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)度,強化食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監管(guan)。
(一)強化農產品質量(liang)安全工作
2001年中國啟(qi)動實施了“無公害食品(pin)行(xing)動計劃”,以蔬菜中高(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘留(liu)和(he)(he)畜產(chan)品(pin)中“瘦(shou)肉精”污染控制為(wei)(wei)重點,著(zhu)力解決人民最為(wei)(wei)關心的高(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥、獸藥違規使用和(he)(he)殘留(liu)超標問題;以農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入(ru)(ru)品(pin)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)、市場準入(ru)(ru)三個環節(jie)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)關鍵(jian)點,推(tui)(tui)動從(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)到市場的全程(cheng)監管(guan)(guan);以開(kai)展(zhan)例行(xing)監測(ce)為(wei)(wei)抓(zhua)手,推(tui)(tui)動各(ge)地(di)增強(qiang)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全意識(shi),落實管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)責任;以推(tui)(tui)進標準化為(wei)(wei)載體(ti),提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水平。目前,農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全保障體(ti)系日益完善,監管(guan)(guan)能力逐步(bu)(bu)增強(qiang),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)標準化水平顯著(zhu)提高(gao),以確保農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全為(wei)(wei)目標的服務、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、監督、處罰、應(ying)急(ji)五位一體(ti)的工作(zuo)機制逐步(bu)(bu)形(xing)成。
(二)建立并嚴格(ge)實施食品質量安(an)全市場準入制度
中國政府于2001年(nian)建立了食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)全市(shi)場(chang)準(zhun)入制(zhi)度。這(zhe)項制(zhi)度主(zhu)要包括三項內(nei)容(rong):一是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)制(zhi)度,即要求食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加工(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)具備(bei)原材料(liao)進廠把關、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)設備(bei)、工(gong)藝流程、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)設備(bei)與(yu)能(neng)力、環境條件、質(zhi)量管理、儲存運輸、包裝標(biao)(biao)(biao)識、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)人員等保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)必備(bei)條件,取(qu)得(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)后,方可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)售食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin);二是(shi)強制(zhi)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)制(zhi)度,即要求企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)履行食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)必須(xu)經檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)合格方能(neng)出廠銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)(de)法律義務;三是(shi)市(shi)場(chang)準(zhun)入標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度,即要求企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)對(dui)合格食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加貼QS(質(zhi)量安(an)全)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),對(dui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)全進行承諾(nuo)。按照分(fen)步實施的(de)(de)(de)原則,截止到2007年(nian)上半年(nian),共(gong)向(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)頒發了10.7萬張食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),獲證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)占(zhan)有率達到同類食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)90%以上。同時,加強對(dui)獲得(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)監管。截止到2007年(nian)6月底,共(gong)撤回、撤銷(xiao)、吊銷(xiao)和注銷(xiao)了1276張達不到標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。根(gen)據食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)取(qu)得(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)進度,國家(jia)質(zhi)檢(jian)總局分(fen)批公布了獲證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)名單,分(fen)期公告了未獲證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)和無(wu)QS標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)不得(de)進入市(shi)場(chang)銷(xiao)售,警(jing)示消費者不要使(shi)用。
(三)加(jia)大食品質(zhi)量(liang)國(guo)家監(jian)督(du)抽(chou)查力度
中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)政府(fu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)食(shi)(shi)品實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)以抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查為主(zhu)要方(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督檢查制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。這項制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)自1985年建立以來,不(bu)斷加(jia)大(da)力(li)度(du),突出(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian),提(ti)高有效性。近(jin)年來,重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查了(le)(le)乳制(zhi)(zhi)品、肉制(zhi)(zhi)品、茶葉、飲料、糧油等(deng)日常(chang)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)品,重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)食(shi)(shi)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)集中(zhong)(zhong)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)、小作(zuo)坊進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查,重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)檢驗了(le)(le)食(shi)(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)微生(sheng)物、添(tian)加(jia)劑、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金屬等(deng)衛生(sheng)指(zhi)標(biao),并(bing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)小企(qi)業(ye)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)跟蹤抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查。通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)大(da)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查頻次(ci)(ci),擴大(da)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查覆蓋面,基(ji)本(ben)實(shi)現了(le)(le)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查一類產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品、整(zheng)(zheng)頓(dun)一個行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)。2006年至2007年上半年,共對(dui)(dui)(dui)7880家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)11104批次(ci)(ci)食(shi)(shi)品進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)監(jian)督抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),對(dui)(dui)(dui)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)現有問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye),加(jia)大(da)了(le)(le)整(zheng)(zheng)改、處(chu)罰的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)度(du)。一是(shi)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)告制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)查中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)現質(zhi)量(liang)問(wen)題(ti)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)355家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)355批次(ci)(ci)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品公(gong)開曝光,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),積極宣(xuan)傳“優秀企(qi)業(ye)、優質(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品、優良品牌(pai)(pai)”,240家(jia)獲得“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)名牌(pai)(pai)”和(he)548家(jia)獲得“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)免檢”稱號的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品得到消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍贊譽。二是(shi)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)改制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)合格(ge)(ge)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye),督促嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)整(zheng)(zheng)改,按時(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)查,復(fu)查不(bu)合格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de),責(ze)令停產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)整(zheng)(zheng)頓(dun),整(zheng)(zheng)頓(dun)期滿后再次(ci)(ci)復(fu)查仍不(bu)合格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de),吊銷營業(ye)執照(zhao)。三是(shi)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)處(chu)罰制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)在(zai)食(shi)(shi)品中(zhong)(zhong)摻雜、摻假、以假充真、以次(ci)(ci)充好的(de)(de)(de)(de),責(ze)令停止生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),沒收違法(fa)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品,情節嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)移(yi)送司(si)法(fa)機(ji)關追究法(fa)律責(ze)任。
(四)加強對食品小作坊的(de)專項整(zheng)治力度
中(zhong)國存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地區差異、城(cheng)鄉差異等決定了對食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)工小(xiao)作坊(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)一項長期(qi)、艱巨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作。目前,10人(ren)以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)工小(xiao)作坊(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)和(he)難點(dian)(dian)。對從事(shi)傳統、低(di)風(feng)險食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)作坊(fang)(fang)(fang),中(zhong)國堅持“監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)、規范(fan)(fan)、引導(dao)、便(bian)民(min)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原則,一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)通過(guo)關停(ting)(ting)并轉等方(fang)(fang)式,讓(rang)小(xiao)作坊(fang)(fang)(fang)盡快(kuai)達(da)到市(shi)場準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)(ru)條件;另(ling)一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)強(qiang)化監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)措(cuo)施(shi),防止食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)事(shi)故(gu)發(fa)生(sheng)。近年來對小(xiao)企業小(xiao)作坊(fang)(fang)(fang)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)實施(shi)了四(si)個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan):一是(shi)基本條件改造(zao),達(da)不(bu)(bu)到要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan);二(er)是(shi)限(xian)制銷(xiao)售范(fan)(fan)圍,小(xiao)作坊(fang)(fang)(fang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)售范(fan)(fan)圍不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)出鄉鎮行政(zheng)區域,不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)進入(ru)(ru)商(shang)場、超(chao)(chao)市(shi)銷(xiao)售;三是(shi)嚴格(ge)(ge)限(xian)制預(yu)包裝,小(xiao)作坊(fang)(fang)(fang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)獲得(de)(de)市(shi)場準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)(ru)資格(ge)(ge)之前不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)使用(yong)相應包裝,防止其喬裝打扮(ban)混入(ru)(ru)市(shi)場;四(si)是(shi)公(gong)開(kai)承諾(nuo),小(xiao)作坊(fang)(fang)(fang)必須(xu)向社會公(gong)開(kai)承諾(nuo)不(bu)(bu)使用(yong)非食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)原料(liao),不(bu)(bu)濫(lan)用(yong)添加(jia)(jia)劑,不(bu)(bu)使用(yong)回收食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)作原料(liao),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)不(bu)(bu)進入(ru)(ru)商(shang)場、超(chao)(chao)市(shi)銷(xiao)售,不(bu)(bu)超(chao)(chao)出承諾(nuo)區域銷(xiao)售,確(que)保食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)達(da)到最基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)衛生(sheng)要(yao)求。經過(guo)整治,2006年食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)小(xiao)作坊(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)抽樣合(he)格(ge)(ge)率提(ti)高到70.4%;截至2007年6月底,已取締(di)5631家,強(qiang)制停(ting)(ting)產(chan)(chan)8814家,5385家整改后(hou)達(da)到準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)(ru)要(yao)求。
(五)推行食品(pin)安全(quan)區域監管責任制(zhi)
建立(li)并(bing)實施了以(yi)“三員(yuan)四定(ding)(ding)、三進(jin)(jin)四圖、兩書(shu)一報告”為主要內容的食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)監管(guan)(guan)責(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)。“三員(yuan)四定(ding)(ding)”即按照定(ding)(ding)人、定(ding)(ding)責(ze)、定(ding)(ding)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)、定(ding)(ding)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的方式,確定(ding)(ding)質(zhi)檢部門食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)監管(guan)(guan)員(yuan)到鄉(xiang)鎮(辦事處)負責(ze)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)加工(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的具(ju)體監管(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo),鄉(xiang)鎮政府協(xie)管(guan)(guan)員(yuan)協(xie)助開展食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)監管(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo),社會信息(xi)員(yuan)收集提供各(ge)種食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)違(wei)法信息(xi)。“三進(jin)(jin)四圖”即進(jin)(jin)村、進(jin)(jin)戶、進(jin)(jin)企(qi)(qi)業(ye),調(diao)查摸(mo)底,建立(li)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)加工(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)檔(dang)案,制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)變化動態圖、食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)行(xing)業(ye)分(fen)布圖、監管(guan)(guan)責(ze)任(ren)落實圖、食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)警(jing)示圖,實施動態監管(guan)(guan)。“兩書(shu)一報告”即政府簽訂責(ze)任(ren)書(shu),企(qi)(qi)業(ye)簽訂承諾書(shu),質(zhi)檢部門定(ding)(ding)期寫出食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)報告。截至2007年(nian)6月底,全(quan)國31個(ge)(ge)省、自治區(qu)(qu)、直轄市共建立(li)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)監管(guan)(guan)責(ze)任(ren)區(qu)(qu)16030個(ge)(ge),確定(ding)(ding)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)專職監督員(yuan)25346人,聘請政府協(xie)管(guan)(guan)員(yuan)72474人,聘請社會信息(xi)員(yuan)106573人。2006年(nian),各(ge)級質(zhi)檢部門共對食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)加工(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了90萬次巡查。
(六(liu))加強食品(pin)流通(tong)領域的監管
深(shen)入(ru)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施以(yi)“提倡綠色(se)消(xiao)費、培育綠色(se)市場、開辟綠色(se)通道”為主要內容的(de)(de)(de)“三綠工(gong)(gong)程”,倡導現代流通組織方(fang)式(shi)(shi)和經(jing)營方(fang)式(shi)(shi),大(da)力發(fa)展連鎖(suo)經(jing)營和物流配送(song);推進經(jing)銷企業(ye)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進貨檢查(cha)驗收、索證索票、購銷臺賬和質(zhi)量(liang)承諾制(zhi)度(du),以(yi)及市場開辦者(zhe)質(zhi)量(liang)責任制(zhi);全(quan)面落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)市場巡查(cha)制(zhi)度(du),完善食品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)監測(ce)制(zhi)度(du),嚴(yan)格實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行不合格食品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)退市、召回、銷毀、公布制(zhi)度(du);加強畜禽屠宰行業(ye)管理;打破地方(fang)封(feng)鎖(suo),鼓(gu)勵質(zhi)量(liang)優、信譽(yu)好、品(pin)(pin)牌知名度(du)高的(de)(de)(de)食品(pin)(pin)在(zai)全(quan)國流通;健全(quan)社區食品(pin)(pin)加工(gong)(gong)流通服(fu)務體(ti)系;強化食品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)標識和包裝管理,集中力量(liang)整治(zhi)食品(pin)(pin)假(jia)(jia)(jia)包裝、假(jia)(jia)(jia)標識、假(jia)(jia)(jia)商標印制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)。
(七(qi))加大(da)餐(can)飲等(deng)消(xiao)費環節的食品安全監管力度
餐(can)(can)(can)飲衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)是(shi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)環節(jie)。中國政府在餐(can)(can)(can)飲業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)監(jian)(jian)管方面(mian)所(suo)做的(de)主要(yao)(yao)工(gong)作(zuo)包括(kuo),一是(shi)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)對餐(can)(can)(can)飲衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)的(de)監(jian)(jian)管力(li)度(du)(du)(du),制(zhi)定(ding)并落(luo)實(shi)《餐(can)(can)(can)飲業和集(ji)體用(yong)餐(can)(can)(can)配送單位衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)規范》,實(shi)施食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)監(jian)(jian)督量化分(fen)級(ji)管理制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du),加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)餐(can)(can)(can)飲環節(jie)監(jian)(jian)管。二是(shi)推進餐(can)(can)(can)飲業、食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堂全(quan)面(mian)實(shi)施食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)監(jian)(jian)督量化分(fen)級(ji)管理制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du),完善和加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)污染物(wu)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)和食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)源性(xing)疾病(bing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)體系建設。三(san)是(shi)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)對違法犯罪行(xing)為(wei)的(de)打擊力(li)度(du)(du)(du),查處(chu)大(da)(da)案要(yao)(yao)案,并及時向社會(hui)通報。據不完全(quan)統計,2006年全(quan)年,衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)部(bu)門檢(jian)查各類餐(can)(can)(can)飲單位和學(xue)校(xiao)集(ji)體食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堂204萬(wan)(wan)余戶次,查處(chu)涉嫌非法生(sheng)產經(jing)營(ying)(ying)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)案件(jian)4.5萬(wan)(wan)余件(jian),取(qu)締無(wu)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)許可證生(sheng)產經(jing)營(ying)(ying)單位2.5萬(wan)(wan)余戶。四(si)是(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)學(xue)校(xiao)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)工(gong)作(zuo),部(bu)署開展全(quan)國學(xue)校(xiao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)、飲用(yong)水衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)、傳(chuan)染病(bing)防治專(zhuan)項檢(jian)查工(gong)作(zuo),預防食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)中毒和腸(chang)道傳(chuan)染病(bing)。五是(shi)開展食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)危險性(xing)評估(gu),科學(xue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)預警和評估(gu)信息(xi)。
(八)全面開展食(shi)品(pin)質量安全專(zhuan)項整治
為(wei)(wei)解決一(yi)(yi)些(xie)地區(qu)、一(yi)(yi)些(xie)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)假(jia)冒(mao)偽(wei)(wei)劣(lie)(lie)問(wen)題,全(quan)面開(kai)展(zhan)了食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)區(qu)域(yu)整(zheng)治。組織(zhi)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)了“百(bai)千(qian)萬(wan)(wan)工(gong)(gong)程”,圍繞(rao)確定(ding)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)區(qu)域(yu)、重(zhong)點(dian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)點(dian)、重(zhong)點(dian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)戶(hu)(hu)及加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),采取(qu)構建(jian)(jian)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)監管網絡、加(jia)強標準和檢測(ce)等技(ji)術力量建(jian)(jian)設、加(jia)強對企業(ye)的(de)技(ji)術服務、推動(dong)組建(jian)(jian)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)行(xing)業(ye)協會、加(jia)大執(zhi)法(fa)打(da)(da)假(jia)力度等措施(shi),解決了一(yi)(yi)批(pi)區(qu)域(yu)性制(zhi)售(shou)假(jia)冒(mao)偽(wei)(wei)劣(lie)(lie)問(wen)題。同時,工(gong)(gong)商(shang)、質檢部(bu)門(men)不斷加(jia)大食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)執(zhi)法(fa)打(da)(da)假(jia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)力度,以(yi)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)線,突出生產(chan)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)源頭,部(bu)署(shu)開(kai)展(zhan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)執(zhi)法(fa)打(da)(da)假(jia)行(xing)動(dong),嚴(yan)厲打(da)(da)擊使(shi)用(yong)非食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)原料生產(chan)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和濫用(yong)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)添加(jia)劑(ji)的(de)違法(fa)行(xing)為(wei)(wei),嚴(yan)厲打(da)(da)擊證(zheng)照(zhao)皆無的(de)制(zhi)假(jia)制(zhi)劣(lie)(lie)黑窩點(dian)。2006年,質檢部(bu)門(men)立案(an)查(cha)(cha)處食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)違法(fa)案(an)件(jian)4.9萬(wan)(wan)起,查(cha)(cha)獲(huo)假(jia)冒(mao)偽(wei)(wei)劣(lie)(lie)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)貨值金額4.5億元(yuan)人(ren)民幣。工(gong)(gong)商(shang)部(bu)門(men)在食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)整(zheng)治中,共出動(dong)執(zhi)法(fa)人(ren)員560萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)次,檢點(dian)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)1.6萬(wan)(wan)個,檢查(cha)(cha)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)經營主(zhu)體1040萬(wan)(wan)戶(hu)(hu)次,取(qu)締(di)無照(zhao)經營15.18萬(wan)(wan)戶(hu)(hu),吊銷營業(ye)執(zhi)照(zhao)4629戶(hu)(hu),查(cha)(cha)處制(zhi)售(shou)假(jia)冒(mao)偽(wei)(wei)劣(lie)(lie)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)案(an)件(jian)6.8萬(wan)(wan)件(jian),移送司法(fa)機關(guan)處理(li)案(an)件(jian)48件(jian),對1.55萬(wan)(wan)噸不合格食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)了退市(shi)(shi)。
(九)強(qiang)化風險預(yu)警和(he)應(ying)急反應(ying)機制建設(she)
建立(li)了全(quan)(quan)國食品安全(quan)(quan)風險(xian)(xian)快速預警與(yu)快速反應(ying)系統(tong),積(ji)極開(kai)展(zhan)食品生產加(jia)工、流通(tong)、消費環節風險(xian)(xian)監控,通(tong)過(guo)動態收(shou)集(ji)和分析食品安全(quan)(quan)信息,初步(bu)實現(xian)了對(dui)食品安全(quan)(quan)問題的早發現(xian)、早預警、早控制(zhi)和早處(chu)理。建立(li)了一套行(xing)之(zhi)有效的快速反應(ying)機制(zhi),包括風險(xian)(xian)信息的收(shou)集(ji)、分析、預警和快速反應(ying),做到立(li)即報告、迅速介入、科學(xue)判斷、妥善處(chu)置。
(十)建立健全(quan)食品(pin)召回制度
這項制度(du)分為主(zhu)動(dong)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)回(hui)和責(ze)令召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)回(hui)兩種形式,規定食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)加工企業是食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)回(hui)的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)主(zhu)體,要求食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)如(ru)果(guo)確(que)認其生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)存在安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)危(wei)(wei)害(hai),應當立(li)即停止生(sheng)產(chan)和銷售,主(zhu)動(dong)實(shi)(shi)施召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)回(hui);對(dui)于(yu)故(gu)意隱(yin)(yin)瞞食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)、不履行召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)回(hui)義(yi)務或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)過錯造成食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)擴大(da)或(huo)再(zai)度(du)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de),將責(ze)令生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)回(hui)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。近(jin)年來,國家質檢總局(ju)在開展食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監督抽查(cha)和執法檢查(cha)中(zhong),對(dui)發(fa)現存在致病菌、化學性污染、使(shi)用非食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)原料等(deng)重大(da)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加大(da)了(le)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)回(hui)力度(du),對(dui)于(yu)造成嚴重后果(guo)的(de)(de)(de),吊銷了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)企業的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)許可證(zheng),降低了(le)不安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)可能帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)害(hai),切實(shi)(shi)維護了(le)廣大(da)消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)健康(kang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)。
(十一)加(jia)強食品(pin)安全誠(cheng)信體系建(jian)設(she)
中國政(zheng)府重視食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)(quan)(quan)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設,初步(bu)建(jian)立(li)了企(qi)(qi)業(ye)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)檔(dang)案(an),建(jian)立(li)了食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)加工(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)紅黑榜制度,并(bing)充分發揮各類(lei)(lei)商會(hui)、協會(hui)的(de)(de)作用,促進食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)自律。大力實施扶優(you)扶強措施,采取政(zheng)策(ce)、行(xing)政(zheng)、經濟(ji)的(de)(de)手段(duan),對(dui)重信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)譽、講誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)給予(yu)激勵,努(nu)力營造食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)環境,創造食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)文(wen)化,增強全(quan)(quan)(quan)社會(hui)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)意識。逐步(bu)完善食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)運(yun)行(xing)機制,全(quan)(quan)(quan)面發揮食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)體(ti)系(xi)對(dui)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作的(de)(de)規(gui)范(fan)、引(yin)導、督促功能。加強企(qi)(qi)業(ye)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)檔(dang)案(an)建(jian)設,推行(xing)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)分類(lei)(lei)監(jian)管(guan),重點建(jian)立(li)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)經營主體(ti)登記檔(dang)案(an)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息系(xi)統和食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)經營主體(ti)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)分類(lei)(lei)數據庫,廣泛收集(ji)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)經營主體(ti)準入信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息、食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息、消費者申(shen)訴(su)舉(ju)報(bao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息,做到掌握情況(kuang),監(jian)管(guan)有(you)效(xiao)。近(jin)年來,采用最新網絡技(ji)術,對(dui)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)(quan)(quan)實施電子(zi)監(jian)管(guan)網終端查詢,及(ji)時(shi)、方便、快捷、有(you)效(xiao)地辨別食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)真偽,維護了消費者利益,打擊了假冒偽劣行(xing)為,促進了企(qi)(qi)業(ye)誠(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)建(jian)設。
多年來,中(zhong)國食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產種類不(bu)斷增(zeng)加,數量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)斷擴大,質量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)斷提(ti)高,保(bao)障了人民日益增(zeng)長的(de)消費需求,提(ti)高了人民的(de)生(sheng)活水平(ping),促進了國民經濟的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。同時中(zhong)國政府也清楚地看到由于(yu)受發(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)的(de)制(zhi)約,中(zhong)國食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)仍(reng)存在一(yi)些(xie)問題,今后將重(zhong)點打擊生(sheng)產加工中(zhong)偷工減料(liao),摻(chan)雜使假,以(yi)(yi)假充真,以(yi)(yi)非食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)原料(liao)、發(fa)霉變質原料(liao)加工食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),不(bu)按標準生(sheng)產,濫用(yong)添加劑等違法行為,不(bu)斷提(ti)高食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)保(bao)障水平(ping)。
三、進出口食品的監(jian)管(guan)
(一)進口食(shi)品的監管(guan)
經過多年的(de)探索與(yu)實踐,中國建立了一整套進口食品質量安全監(jian)管制(zhi)度和保障措施,確保了進口食品的(de)安全。
——科學的風(feng)險管理制度。按照WTO/SPS協定及國際通行做法,中國政府(fu)對(dui)肉類、蔬(shu)菜等(deng)高風(feng)險進(jin)(jin)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)實行基于風(feng)險管理的檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi)準入制度,包括:對(dui)出(chu)口(kou)國申請向(xiang)中國出(chu)口(kou)的高風(feng)險食(shi)品(pin)(pin)開展風(feng)險分析,對(dui)風(feng)險可接受(shou)的食(shi)品(pin)(pin)與出(chu)口(kou)國主管部門簽署檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi)議定書,對(dui)國外生產企業實施(shi)衛生注冊,對(dui)動(dong)植(zhi)物源性(xing)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)實施(shi)進(jin)(jin)境檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi)審(shen)批等(deng)。如果出(chu)口(kou)國發生了動(dong)植(zhi)物疫(yi)(yi)情疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)或嚴(yan)重的食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全衛生問題,及時采取相(xiang)應的風(feng)險管理措施(shi),包括暫停可能(neng)受(shou)到影響的食(shi)品(pin)(pin)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)等(deng)。
——嚴(yan)格(ge)的檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)制度。進(jin)(jin)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)到達口(kou)岸后,中(zhong)國(guo)出(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)境檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)機(ji)構依(yi)(yi)法實施檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi),只有經檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)合格(ge)后方允許(xu)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)。入(ru)(ru)境地海(hai)關憑檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)機(ji)構簽發(fa)(fa)的入(ru)(ru)境貨物通關單辦理(li)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)的驗放手(shou)續,之后在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)市(shi)場上(shang)銷(xiao)售。在(zai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)時如發(fa)(fa)現(xian)質量(liang)安(an)全和衛生(sheng)問題,立即對存在(zai)問題的食(shi)品(pin)(pin)依(yi)(yi)法采取相應的處理(li)措施。2006年(nian),出(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)境檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)機(ji)構在(zai)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)口(kou)岸共(gong)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)(chu)不合格(ge)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)2458批(pi)。2007年(nian)上(shang)半年(nian),共(gong)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)(chu)896批(pi),均依(yi)(yi)法作(zuo)出(chu)(chu)退貨、銷(xiao)毀或(huo)改作(zuo)它(ta)用處理(li),確保進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)中(zhong)國(guo)市(shi)場的進(jin)(jin)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全。
——完善的質量安全監控制(zhi)度。在依法對(dui)進口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)實施檢驗(yan)檢疫的同(tong)時,對(dui)風(feng)險(xian)較(jiao)高的食(shi)品(pin)以及在口(kou)岸(an)檢驗(yan)中發現(xian)問(wen)題較(jiao)多(duo)的食(shi)品(pin)和項目實行重點監控。對(dui)發現(xian)嚴重問(wen)題或多(duo)次發現(xian)同(tong)一問(wen)題的進口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)及時發出(chu)風(feng)險(xian)預警,采取包括提高抽樣比(bi)例、增(zeng)加檢測項目、暫(zan)停進口(kou)在內的嚴格管制(zhi)措施。
——嚴厲的打(da)擊(ji)非法(fa)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)制度(du)。中國國家質檢總局與(yu)海(hai)關總署(shu)建(jian)立了(le)關檢合(he)作(zuo)機制,聯合(he)打(da)擊(ji)非法(fa)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)品行為(wei)。2006年與(yu)歐盟(meng)委員(yuan)會簽署(shu)了(le)《中歐聯合(he)打(da)擊(ji)非法(fa)進(jin)(jin)出口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)品行為(wei)合(he)作(zuo)安排》,明確了(le)雙方將通過開(kai)展(zhan)信息通報、技術合(he)作(zuo)、專家互訪和聯合(he)專項打(da)擊(ji)行動措施等,共(gong)同打(da)擊(ji)欺詐(zha)、夾(jia)帶(dai)、非法(fa)轉(zhuan)口(kou)(kou)、走私等非法(fa)進(jin)(jin)出口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)品行為(wei)。2006年至(zhi)2007年上半年,僅非法(fa)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)肉類就查獲12292噸。
(二)出口食品(pin)的監管
中國政府(fu)按照“預防為(wei)主(zhu)、源頭監管、全過(guo)程控制”的(de)原則(ze),建立健(jian)全了以“一個(ge)模(mo)式,十項制度”為(wei)主(zhu)要內(nei)容(rong)的(de)出口食品安(an)全管理體系。
一個模式,就是(shi)出口(kou)食品“公司+基地(di)+標(biao)準(zhun)化”生產(chan)管理模式。這個生產(chan)管理模式符合中(zhong)國的(de)(de)國情(qing),符合出口(kou)食品的(de)(de)實(shi)際,是(shi)出口(kou)食品質量的(de)(de)重要保障(zhang),也是(shi)企業(ye)走(zou)規模化、集約化和國際化發展(zhan)的(de)(de)必由之路。經過多年的(de)(de)不懈(xie)努力(li),中(zhong)國的(de)(de)主要出口(kou)食品,特別是(shi)肉類、水產(chan)、蔬(shu)菜等高風(feng)險食品基本實(shi)現了(le)“公司+基地(di)+標(biao)準(zhun)化”。
十項制(zhi)(zhi)度,包括源頭監管三(san)項:對種植(zhi)養殖(zhi)基(ji)地實(shi)施(shi)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)備(bei)案管理制(zhi)(zhi)度、疫(yi)(yi)(yi)情疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病監測制(zhi)(zhi)度和農獸藥殘(can)留監控制(zhi)(zhi)度;工廠監管三(san)項:嚴(yan)格(ge)實(shi)施(shi)衛生注冊制(zhi)(zhi)度,全面實(shi)行(xing)企(qi)業(ye)分類管理制(zhi)(zhi)度,穩步推(tui)行(xing)高風(feng)險食(shi)品(pin)大(da)型出(chu)口(kou)生產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)駐廠檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)官制(zhi)(zhi)度;產(chan)品(pin)監管三(san)項:對出(chu)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)的法定檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度、質(zhi)量(liang)追溯與(yu)不(bu)合格(ge)品(pin)召回制(zhi)(zhi)度、風(feng)險預警與(yu)快(kuai)速反應制(zhi)(zhi)度;誠信建設一項:對出(chu)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)施(shi)紅(hong)黑名單制(zhi)(zhi)度。
——加(jia)強(qiang)種植(zhi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖源頭(tou)監(jian)管。為有效(xiao)控制(zhi)(zhi)動植(zhi)物疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)情(qing)(qing)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)病(bing)(bing)風險(xian)和(he)(he)農(nong)獸(shou)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu),從源頭(tou)保障食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量安全(quan)和(he)(he)可追(zhui)溯性,出入境檢驗檢疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)機構對存(cun)在疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)情(qing)(qing)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)病(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)農(nong)獸(shou)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)風險(xian)的(de)(de)出口食(shi)品(pin)原(yuan)料基(ji)地(di)實(shi)行(xing)檢驗檢疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)備(bei)案(an)管理(li)。只有獲準(zhun)備(bei)案(an)的(de)(de)種植(zhi)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖場的(de)(de)原(yuan)料才可用(yong)于(yu)加(jia)工出口食(shi)品(pin),所(suo)有獲準(zhun)備(bei)案(an)的(de)(de)原(yuan)料基(ji)地(di)在國家質(zhi)檢總(zong)局網站(zhan)上公布。截(jie)至目(mu)前(qian)獲準(zhun)備(bei)案(an)的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖場6031個,種植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)38萬公頃。對備(bei)案(an)基(ji)地(di)加(jia)強(qiang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)情(qing)(qing)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)監(jian)測和(he)(he)防控,加(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)業投入品(pin)的(de)(de)管理(li),實(shi)行(xing)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)農(nong)獸(shou)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)監(jian)控制(zhi)(zhi)度,使備(bei)案(an)基(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)情(qing)(qing)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)病(bing)(bing)問題和(he)(he)農(nong)獸(shou)藥殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)問題均得到(dao)了有效(xiao)控制(zhi)(zhi)。近(jin)幾年,全(quan)球范(fan)圍內禽(qin)流感(gan)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)情(qing)(qing)高發,中(zhong)國實(shi)施備(bei)案(an)管理(li)的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖場無一發生疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)情(qing)(qing)。
——加(jia)(jia)強食(shi)(shi)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)。中(zhong)國對(dui)所有出(chu)(chu)(chu)口食(shi)(shi)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)實(shi)施衛生(sheng)(sheng)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)登(deng)記管(guan)(guan)理制度,只有獲(huo)準(zhun)衛生(sheng)(sheng)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)登(deng)記的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)方可從(cong)事出(chu)(chu)(chu)口食(shi)(shi)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。截(jie)至目前(qian),獲(huo)準(zhun)衛生(sheng)(sheng)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)登(deng)記的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)共12714家(jia),其(qi)中(zhong)有3698家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)HACCP體系通(tong)過出(chu)(chu)(chu)入境(jing)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)構(gou)驗(yan)證。對(dui)獲(huo)準(zhun)衛生(sheng)(sheng)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye),由(you)各地出(chu)(chu)(chu)入境(jing)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)構(gou)統一實(shi)施日(ri)常(chang)監(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)理,確保原料來自備案種植、養殖基(ji)地,確保生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)活動符合要(yao)求。對(dui)肉類等(deng)高(gao)風險食(shi)(shi)品大型出(chu)(chu)(chu)口生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye),出(chu)(chu)(chu)入境(jing)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)構(gou)根據需要(yao)派駐檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)官,實(shi)行(xing)駐廠監(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)理。出(chu)(chu)(chu)口食(shi)(shi)品的(de)包裝上還要(yao)加(jia)(jia)貼符合要(yao)求的(de)具有可追溯(su)性的(de)標(biao)簽(qian)或標(biao)識,確保產(chan)(chan)品的(de)可追溯(su)性和對(dui)問題產(chan)(chan)品的(de)召(zhao)回。
——加強食(shi)(shi)品出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)前(qian)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)。中國法(fa)律(lv)規定(ding),所有出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)品只有經(jing)過檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)機(ji)構檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)合格后方可(ke)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou),出(chu)(chu)境(jing)地(di)海關憑檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)機(ji)構簽發(fa)的(de)出(chu)(chu)境(jing)貨物通關單(dan)辦理出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)品的(de)驗放(fang)手續。對經(jing)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)合格的(de)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)品,如進(jin)口(kou)(kou)國有要求,出(chu)(chu)入境(jing)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)機(ji)構還要出(chu)(chu)具衛生(sheng)證書,證明該批食(shi)(shi)品已經(jing)出(chu)(chu)入境(jing)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)機(ji)構檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)合格,并(bing)注(zhu)明生(sheng)產(chan)企業名稱(cheng)、地(di)址、衛生(sheng)注(zhu)冊(ce)號、生(sheng)產(chan)日(ri)期、出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)日(ri)期、啟(qi)運口(kou)(kou)岸、到達口(kou)(kou)岸等追溯(su)信息(xi)。貨物到達離境(jing)口(kou)(kou)岸后,口(kou)(kou)岸檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)機(ji)構還要對出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)貨物進(jin)行查驗,檢(jian)查貨物是否完好(hao),貨證是否相符,確保貨物的(de)可(ke)追溯(su)性。
——加強(qiang)出口(kou)企業(ye)誠信(xin)體(ti)系建設。全面實(shi)行(xing)出口(kou)企業(ye)質(zhi)量承(cheng)諾和紅黑名(ming)單(dan)制度(du),著力強(qiang)化(hua)企業(ye)產品質(zhi)量第一責任人的(de)(de)意(yi)識,促進(jin)企業(ye)形成自(zi)我管理、自(zi)我約(yue)束、自(zi)覺誠信(xin)經(jing)營的(de)(de)良好機(ji)制。對自(zi)控(kong)體(ti)系健全有(you)效、誠信(xin)度(du)好、產品安全風險(xian)能(neng)夠得(de)到有(you)效控(kong)制、在進(jin)口(kou)國享有(you)良好聲(sheng)譽的(de)(de)企業(ye),列入“優良企業(ye)名(ming)單(dan)”,給予優惠和鼓勵政策;對于被進(jin)口(kou)國家或地區通報(bao)發生嚴(yan)重(zhong)質(zhi)量違規(gui)(gui)(gui)問題或逃避檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫,以及(ji)有(you)欺騙檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫機(ji)構行(xing)為的(de)(de)出口(kou)企業(ye),在依法處罰的(de)(de)同時(shi),列入“違規(gui)(gui)(gui)企業(ye)名(ming)單(dan)”上網(wang)公布(bu),促進(jin)出口(kou)企業(ye)增(zeng)強(qiang)自(zi)律意(yi)識。截至目(mu)前,列入“違規(gui)(gui)(gui)企業(ye)名(ming)單(dan)”的(de)(de)企業(ye)共55家。
多年來,質(zhi)檢、商(shang)務、海關、工商(shang)、稅(shui)務等部門(men)密切協作,促進了中國出口食(shi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全水平(ping)不斷提高(gao),以質(zhi)優、味美、價廉的(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)滿(man)足了國內外眾多消費者(zhe)對美食(shi)的(de)追求(qiu)。但也存在著(zhu)少數(shu)企業(ye)無視中國和進口國的(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規和標(biao)準規定,采取弄虛作假(jia)、偷(tou)梁換柱(zhu)的(de)手(shou)法(fa),逃避檢驗(yan)檢疫監管,通過非正常渠道出口的(de)情況,致使有些摻(chan)雜使假(jia)、假(jia)冒偽劣不合(he)格(ge)(ge)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)流(liu)入國外市場。中國政(zheng)府將進一步加大打擊的(de)力度,堅決不讓不合(he)格(ge)(ge)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)流(liu)出國門(men)。
四、食品安全法(fa)律法(fa)規和技(ji)術保障體系
(一)食品安全法(fa)律法(fa)規體系日趨(qu)完善
目前,中國已建立了(le)(le)一套完(wan)整的食品安全(quan)法律法規體系,為(wei)保(bao)障食品安全(quan)、提(ti)(ti)升質(zhi)量(liang)水平、規范進(jin)出口食品貿易秩序提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)堅(jian)實的基礎和(he)良好的環(huan)境(jing)。
法(fa)律(lv)包(bao)括《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)產品質量(liang)法(fa)》、《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)化法(fa)》、《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)計(ji)量(liang)法(fa)》、《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)消費者權益(yi)保護法(fa)》、《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)農產品質量(liang)安全法(fa)》、《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)刑法(fa)》、《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)食品衛生法(fa)》、《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)進出口商品檢(jian)驗法(fa)》、《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)進出境動植物檢(jian)疫法(fa)》、《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)國(guo)境衛生檢(jian)疫法(fa)》和(he)(he)(he)《中華(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)動物防疫法(fa)》等。
行政法(fa)(fa)(fa)規包(bao)括《國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院關于加(jia)強(qiang)食品(pin)等產品(pin)安全監督管(guan)(guan)理的特(te)別規定》、《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工業產品(pin)生產許可證管(guan)(guan)理條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)認證認可條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)出口商品(pin)檢驗法(fa)(fa)(fa)實施(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)出境動植物檢疫法(fa)(fa)(fa)實施(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)獸藥管(guan)(guan)理條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農藥管(guan)(guan)理條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出口貨(huo)物原產地規則》、《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)準化法(fa)(fa)(fa)實施(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《無(wu)照(zhao)經營查處取締(di)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》、《飼(si)(si)料和(he)(he)(he)飼(si)(si)料添加(jia)劑(ji)管(guan)(guan)理條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《農業轉基因生物安全管(guan)(guan)理條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》和(he)(he)(he)《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)瀕危野(ye)生動植物進(jin)出口管(guan)(guan)理條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》等。
部門規章包括《食(shi)品(pin)生產(chan)加(jia)工(gong)企業(ye)質量安全監督管(guan)(guan)理(li)實(shi)(shi)施細(xi)則(試行)》、《中(zhong)華人民共和(he)(he)國工(gong)業(ye)產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)許可證(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)條例實(shi)(shi)施辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》、《食(shi)品(pin)衛(wei)生許可證(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》、《食(shi)品(pin)添(tian)加(jia)劑衛(wei)生管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》、《進出(chu)境(jing)肉類產(chan)品(pin)檢驗檢疫管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》、《進出(chu)境(jing)水產(chan)品(pin)檢驗檢疫管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》、《流通領域食(shi)品(pin)安全管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》、《農產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)地安全管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》、《農產(chan)品(pin)包裝和(he)(he)標識管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》和(he)(he)《出(chu)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)生產(chan)企業(ye)衛(wei)生注冊登記管(guan)(guan)理(li)規定(ding)》等。
(二)食品質(zhi)量安全標準體系建設(she)逐步(bu)加強
國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)委員會統一管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)工作(zuo),國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)有(you)關(guan)行(xing)政主管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)分工管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)本部(bu)門(men)、本行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)工作(zuo)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)由(you)各(ge)相關(guan)部(bu)門(men)負責草擬,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)委員會統一立項(xiang)、統一審查(cha)、統一編(bian)號、統一批準(zhun)。目前(qian),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)已初步形成(cheng)了(le)門(men)類齊全(quan)(quan)、結構相對合理(li)(li)、具有(you)一定配(pei)套性和完整性的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)(quan)標(biao)準(zhun)體系。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)標(biao)準(zhun)包括(kuo)了(le)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)產地環境,灌溉水(shui)(shui)質,農(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)合理(li)(li)使用(yong)準(zhun)則,動(dong)植物(wu)檢(jian)疫規(gui)程,良好農(nong)(nong)業操作(zuo)規(gui)范,食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)藥、獸藥、污染物(wu)、有(you)害微(wei)生物(wu)等(deng)限量標(biao)準(zhun),食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)添加(jia)劑及使用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun),食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)包裝材料(liao)衛生標(biao)準(zhun),特殊膳食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標(biao)準(zhun),食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標(biao)簽標(biao)識標(biao)準(zhun),食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產過程管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)和控制標(biao)準(zhun),以及食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)測方法標(biao)準(zhun)等(deng)方面,涉及糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、油料(liao)、水(shui)(shui)果蔬菜及制品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、乳與乳制品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、肉禽蛋及制品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、水(shui)(shui)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、飲料(liao)酒、調味品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、嬰幼(you)兒食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)等(deng)可食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和加(jia)工食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),基本涵(han)蓋(gai)了(le)從食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生產、加(jia)工、流通到最終消費的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個環節。目前(qian),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)已涉及食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)1800余項(xiang),食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)行(xing)業標(biao)準(zhun)2900余項(xiang),其中(zhong)強制性國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)634項(xiang)。
為解決食(shi)品(pin)安全(quan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)之(zhi)間存在的交叉重復、層次不清(qing)等問題,共對1800余(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、2500余(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)行業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、7000余(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)地方標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)及14萬多(duo)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)企(qi)業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)進行了清(qing)理,廢止了530多(duo)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)行標(biao)(biao)。與此同(tong)時,加快了標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)修訂工作,對2460余(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)行業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)組(zu)織開展了修訂,新制(zhi)定了200多(duo)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),下達(da)了280余(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)定計劃。加大標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的宣傳、推行力度,促進食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)產企(qi)業嚴格執行標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。
(三)食品認(ren)證(zheng)認(ren)可體系基本建(jian)立
中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)認(ren)(ren)可監(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理委員會統一管(guan)(guan)(guan)理、監(jian)督(du)和綜合協(xie)調全國(guo)的(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)認(ren)(ren)可工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),加強(qiang)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)市(shi)場整頓,規(gui)范認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行為,現(xian)已(yi)基本形成了(le)統一管(guan)(guan)(guan)理、規(gui)范運作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、共(gong)同實施的(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)認(ren)(ren)可工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)局面,基本建立了(le)“從農(nong)(nong)田到餐桌”全過程的(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)認(ren)(ren)可體系。認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)類(lei)別包括飼(si)料(liao)(liao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、良好(hao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)規(gui)范(GAP)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、無公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、有(you)機(ji)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、HACCP管(guan)(guan)(guan)理體系認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、綠(lv)色市(shi)場認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等(deng)。目(mu)前(qian),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)有(you)機(ji)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)面積達203萬公(gong)頃,已(yi)進入世界(jie)前(qian)10位;與國(guo)際接軌的(de)(de)GAP認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)已(yi)在18個試點(dian)省(sheng)286家(jia)出口企業(ye)及農(nong)(nong)業(ye)標準化示范基地開展認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)試點(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo);2675家(jia)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)企業(ye)獲得(de)了(le)HACCP認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng);28600個初級農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)獲得(de)無公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng);飼(si)料(liao)(liao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、酒(jiu)類(lei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)級認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、綠(lv)色市(shi)場認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等(deng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)不斷取(qu)得(de)進展。國(guo)家(jia)不斷加強(qiang)對認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和企業(ye)的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan),提高認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)權威性、有(you)效性。
(四)食品安全檢驗檢測體(ti)系(xi)框架(jia)基本(ben)形成
在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)管方面,建立了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)批具(ju)有(you)(you)資質的(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou),初步(bu)形(xing)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)為(wei)龍頭(tou),省(sheng)級(ji)和(he)部(bu)門(men)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)為(wei)主(zhu)體,市、縣級(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)為(wei)補充(chong)”的(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)體系(xi)。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)能力(li)和(he)水(shui)平(ping)不斷提高(gao),能夠(gou)滿足對(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加工(gong)、儲(chu)藏、流通(tong)、消費全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)需要,基本能夠(gou)滿足國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準、行(xing)業標(biao)準和(he)相(xiang)關國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際標(biao)準對(dui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)參數的(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)要求。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際通(tong)行(xing)做法一(yi)致的(de)認(ren)可管理,加強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際互(hu)認(ren)、信息共享、科技(ji)攻關,保證(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)結(jie)果的(de)科學、公正。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)認(ren)定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)批食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)資質,共有(you)(you)3913家(jia)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)類(lei)(lei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)通(tong)過了(le)(le)(le)(le)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)資質認(ren)定(ding)(計量(liang)認(ren)證(zheng)),其(qi)中(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)類(lei)(lei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)心48家(jia),重點食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)類(lei)(lei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)35家(jia),這些實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)的(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)能力(li)和(he)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)水(shui)平(ping)達(da)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際較先(xian)進(jin)水(shui)平(ping)。在(zai)進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)(jian)管方面,形(xing)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)以(yi)35家(jia)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)重點實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)”為(wei)龍頭(tou)的(de)進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術支持體系(xi),全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共有(you)(you)進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)163個,擁有(you)(you)各類(lei)(lei)大型精密儀器10000多臺(套)。全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)各進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)直接從事進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)專業技(ji)術人員有(you)(you)1189人,年齡(ling)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、專業配(pei)置(zhi)合理。各實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)可檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)各類(lei)(lei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)的(de)農獸藥殘留、添加劑、重金屬含量(liang)等786個安全(quan)(quan)衛生(sheng)項目(mu)以(yi)及(ji)各種食(shi)(shi)(shi)源性致病菌。截(jie)至(zhi)2006年,已(yi)經(jing)建設國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(部(bu)級(ji))農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)心323個、省(sheng)地縣級(ji)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)1780個,初步(bu)形(xing)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)部(bu)、省(sheng)、縣相(xiang)互(hu)配(pei)套、互(hu)為(wei)補充(chong)的(de)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)體系(xi),為(wei)加強(qiang)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管提供了(le)(le)(le)(le)技(ji)術支撐。
五、食品安全的國際交流與(yu)合作
中國(guo)政府重視發(fa)展同(tong)其他國(guo)家(jia)、地區和(he)有關(guan)國(guo)際組(zu)織在食品(pin)安全領域的友(you)好合(he)作關(guan)系,注重借鑒國(guo)際先(xian)進管理經驗和(he)檢測技術(shu),促進本國(guo)食品(pin)質(zhi)量總體水平的提高(gao)。
(一(yi))加強食品安全技術交流與(yu)合(he)作
中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)積極(ji)創(chuang)造條件,鼓勵(li)和(he)支持技術專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)參與(yu)各(ge)類食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術培訓(xun)、研討、交流(liu)和(he)水(shui)平比(bi)對等(deng)活動,并歡迎國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外技術專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)來訪(fang)、學習(xi)和(he)培訓(xun)。除(chu)積極(ji)參與(yu)世界(jie)(jie)衛(wei)(wei)生組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關活動外,自2001年(nian)(nian)以來,先后同美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、歐(ou)盟(meng)、意(yi)大(da)(da)利(li)(li)、加(jia)拿大(da)(da)、德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、瑞(rui)士(shi)、丹麥、澳大(da)(da)利(li)(li)亞、新(xin)西蘭(lan)和(he)泰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)開展了(le)一(yi)系列食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)實(shi)施(shi)衛(wei)(wei)生與(yu)植物衛(wei)(wei)生措施(shi)協定(SPS)領域(yu)的(de)(de)技術培訓(xun)與(yu)交流(liu)項目(mu)。2006年(nian)(nian)8月(yue),為14個南太(tai)平洋國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)代表舉行(xing)了(le)食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)培訓(xun)。為了(le)及時了(le)解國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外食品(pin)(pin)相(xiang)關法規(gui)要(yao)求,保障出(chu)口食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),組(zu)織(zhi)編譯了(le)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、歐(ou)盟(meng)、俄羅斯、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)地區(qu)的(de)(de)食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛(wei)(wei)生法規(gui)和(he)要(yao)求,并先后邀請(qing)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、歐(ou)盟(meng)、日本(ben)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)來華(hua)舉行(xing)HACCP指(zhi)南及應用、貝類衛(wei)(wei)生控制(zhi)計劃(hua)、殘留監控、肯定列表制(zhi)度等(deng)專(zhuan)題培訓(xun)。進出(chu)口食品(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫實(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)(shi)還多(duo)次(ci)參與(yu)英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食品(pin)(pin)分析能(neng)力(li)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(FAPAS)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際比(bi)對實(shi)驗,定期(qi)參加(jia)亞太(tai)實(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)(shi)認(ren)可(ke)(ke)合(he)作(zuo)組(zu)織(zhi)(APLAC)、澳大(da)(da)利(li)(li)亞國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)認(ren)可(ke)(ke)委(wei)員(yuan)會(NATA)等(deng)知名認(ren)可(ke)(ke)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際間能(neng)力(li)驗證活動。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)和(he)十幾個省級(ji)疾病預防控制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心參加(jia)并通過(guo)了(le)世界(jie)(jie)衛(wei)(wei)生組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)能(neng)力(li)考核。截至2006年(nian)(nian)11月(yue),共有22家(jia)(jia)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構獲得韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外公認(ren)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關”的(de)(de)認(ren)可(ke)(ke),經(jing)過(guo)上述22家(jia)(jia)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)輸韓食品(pin)(pin),入(ru)境時韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)予(yu)以免檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。日本(ben)承認(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)質檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)總(zong)局垂直管理的(de)(de)35個直屬檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫局所屬實(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)結(jie)果。其中(zhong)(zhong)許多(duo)實(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)(shi)是開放性(xing)實(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)(shi),多(duo)次(ci)接(jie)待(dai)了(le)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、加(jia)拿大(da)(da)、英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、法國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、意(yi)大(da)(da)利(li)(li)、德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、瑞(rui)士(shi)、澳大(da)(da)利(li)(li)亞、新(xin)西蘭(lan)、日本(ben)、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、新(xin)加(jia)坡、香港等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)地區(qu)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)團組(zu)訪(fang)問和(he)考察。
(二)積極參與(yu)國際食(shi)品安全活(huo)動
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政府一貫倡導并積極(ji)參(can)加(jia)各類國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)動,包括(kuo)派團參(can)加(jia)各類國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)法典(dian)委員(yuan)會(hui)(CAC)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)植物保(bao)護公約(IPPC)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)以及其(qi)他相(xiang)關國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)性會(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi),并在亞太經濟合作(zuo)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(APEC)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)上正式(shi)倡導開展(zhan)區域性食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)合作(zuo),得到了澳大利亞、新西蘭和(he)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)亞等國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)積極(ji)呼應,成立了APEC食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)合作(zuo)論壇(tan),由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)澳大利亞共(gong)同主持。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)積極(ji)參(can)與(yu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)活(huo)動,是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(ISO)技術(shu)管理局和(he)合格評定(ding)委員(yuan)會(hui)成員(yuan)。2007年5月,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)正式(shi)加(jia)入(ru)世界動物衛(wei)生組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(OIE)。2007年10月20日(ri)至21日(ri),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政府將在廣西南(nan)寧同東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)亞國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)召開“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)—東(dong)(dong)(dong)盟質檢部長會(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)”,會(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)主題為“強化(hua)(hua)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)管理與(yu)合作(zuo)保(bao)護消費者權益”,目的(de)是(shi)研究建立中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)盟食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)合作(zuo)機制,增進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)盟和(he)各成員(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)主管部門間的(de)交(jiao)流與(yu)合作(zuo),確(que)保(bao)相(xiang)互進(jin)出口食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)質量、安全(quan)和(he)衛(wei)生。
(三(san))注(zhu)重發展國際(ji)食品安全合作
截至(zhi)目前,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)質檢(jian)總局同日(ri)本(ben)、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、澳大利(li)亞、新西蘭、新加(jia)(jia)坡、挪威、俄(e)羅斯(si)、香港(gang)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和地(di)(di)區定(ding)(ding)期、不(bu)定(ding)(ding)期地(di)(di)舉行研(yan)討(tao)會或(huo)(huo)專(zhuan)家(jia)互訪。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)質檢(jian)總局同美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、歐盟(meng)、俄(e)羅斯(si)、日(ri)本(ben)、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、新加(jia)(jia)坡、泰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、蒙古國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、越(yue)南(nan)、菲(fei)律(lv)賓、丹(dan)麥、法國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、荷蘭、愛爾(er)蘭、匈牙利(li)、波蘭、意大利(li)、挪威、瑞士、加(jia)(jia)拿大、巴西、阿根廷、智利(li)、墨(mo)西哥、烏拉(la)圭、澳大利(li)亞、新西蘭、南(nan)非(fei)、香港(gang)、澳門等(deng)30個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和地(di)(di)區簽署了(le)33個(ge)涉及食(shi)品安全(quan)領域的合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)協(xie)議或(huo)(huo)備忘錄,簽署了(le)48個(ge)進出口食(shi)品檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫衛生議定(ding)(ding)書(shu),從而確立(li)(li)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與有關(guan)進出口食(shi)品貿易伙(huo)伴(ban)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)或(huo)(huo)地(di)(di)區的長效合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在此基礎上,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)質檢(jian)總局與許多國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和地(di)(di)區在食(shi)品安全(quan)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下建立(li)(li)了(le)年(nian)會制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。其中(zhong),規格(ge)為正(zheng)部級(ji)的第(di)二次中(zhong)歐食(shi)品和消費(fei)品安全(quan)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)會議將于2007年(nian)9月(yue)12日(ri)在北京召開(kai);規格(ge)為副(fu)部級(ji)的第(di)三(san)次中(zhong)美食(shi)品安全(quan)會議將于2007年(nian)9月(yue)11日(ri)至(zhi)12日(ri)在美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)召開(kai)。
(四)推(tui)動食(shi)品貿易發展(zhan)