摘要：該文作者梳理中(zhong)國知(zhi)網中(zhong)我國地(di)鐵(tie)公共藝術(shu)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)果，明確地(di)鐵(tie)公共藝術(shu)的(de)概(gai)念與范疇，從藝術(shu)語言(yan)、技術(shu)表達、人文內(nei)涵、對比與發展四個方向(xiang)厘清現有研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)思(si)路框架與理論成(cheng)果，指出(chu)(chu)地(di)鐵(tie)公共藝術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)由藝術(shu)性逐漸偏向(xiang)在地(di)性與互動性的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)趨(qu)勢，同時反思(si)相(xiang)(xiang)關研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)不足之處，提出(chu)(chu)新的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)視角(jiao)，旨在為理論研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與設計實踐提供(gong)一定(ding)參考(kao)。

關鍵詞：地鐵公共藝(yi)術；藝(yi)術語言；技術表達；人文(wen)內(nei)涵；研究綜述

隨(sui)著我(wo)國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)建設的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發展，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)站點的(de)(de)(de)藝術(shu)化和人(ren)們情感的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求對地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)空間(jian)提出了更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)要求。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)公共藝術(shu)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)載體，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)體現(xian)城市精(jing)神的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)窗(chuang)口(kou)，連接著地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)兩個空間(jian)，協調著人(ren)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)、環境(jing)三(san)方的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。近(jin)年來，部分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)公共藝術(shu)結合時代與(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)文(wen)(wen)化而不(bu)斷發展，為(wei)(wei)(wei)乘客(ke)帶(dai)來良好的(de)(de)(de)體驗，但(dan)部分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)公共藝術(shu)只是停(ting)留在裝(zhuang)飾表面。筆者梳理2004年（知網(wang)中最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)公共藝術(shu)相(xiang)關(guan)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)從2004年開始(shi)）以來的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)研究成果，明確其研究不(bu)足與(yu)后續(xu)研究的(de)(de)(de)方向，為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)公共藝術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)研究與(yu)發展提供參(can)考(kao)。

一、地鐵公共藝術概述(shu)

地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是放置在地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)站(zhan)空間中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)作品，這些作品保留了公(gong)(gong)(gong)共藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)作品開放性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)文化(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)[1]。隨著時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)推移，地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念也在不(bu)斷擴充(chong)，現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究并沒有對其(qi)(qi)進行明(ming)確、統(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)界定。目(mu)前(qian)對地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)概(gai)念的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究可分為(wei)范疇、性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)、意義三個(ge)部分，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)較有代(dai)表(biao)(biao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)述見圖1。地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)可概(gai)括為(wei)在地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)空間中(zhong)以發揮地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)功能為(wei)前(qian)提，人人可觀賞、參與，代(dai)表(biao)(biao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾審美趣味、體現地(di)(di)方文化(hua)特色、反映時(shi)代(dai)變遷特征的(de)(de)(de)(de)壁畫、雕塑、裝(zhuang)置及(ji)其(qi)(qi)他具有藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)化(hua)特征的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計與活動。

二、文獻研究現狀

地鐵(tie)自始建(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)來(lai),就(jiu)以(yi)(yi)快捷、大(da)運量的特點在解決城(cheng)市交(jiao)通中(zhong)發揮了重大(da)作用。在我(wo)(wo)國(guo),由(you)于人口(kou)眾(zhong)多(duo),大(da)、中(zhong)城(cheng)市人口(kou)集中(zhong),交(jiao)通擁擠(ji)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)嚴重,如(ru)何解決這一難題(ti)成為城(cheng)市發展(zhan)的瓶頸。隨著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)國(guo)民經濟的發展(zhan)和技術的不(bu)斷進步(bu),地下鐵(tie)道(dao)建(jian)(jian)設以(yi)(yi)它不(bu)可替代(dai)的優勢成為我(wo)(wo)國(guo)城(cheng)市交(jiao)通建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)的佼(jiao)佼(jiao)者。

一、我(wo)國城市軌道交通(tong)建設

1.我(wo)國(guo)軌道交通(tong)建(jian)設的發展概(gai)況

 隨著我國城(cheng)市(shi)人口和(he)車輛的(de)不(bu)斷增加,在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)較(jiao)為擁擠的(de)大中城(cheng)市(shi)地(di)面(mian)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)已無(wu)法滿足人們的(de)出行要求(qiu),這些(xie)城(cheng)市(shi)面(mian)臨巨大交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)壓力。而(er)地(di)下鐵道與輕軌(gui)在(zai)解(jie)決城(cheng)市(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)問題上越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)顯(xian)示其重要地(di)位。

自上世紀90年代中后期,我國的軌道交通(tong)建(jian)設進入了高速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)時期。至(zhi)今為(wei)止,我國已有(you)許多城市如北(bei)京、上海、廣州、深圳、南京等(deng)擁有(you)多條地(di)鐵線路在運(yun)行,對這些城市的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和提高百姓的日常生活質量做出(chu)了巨大貢獻。此外,現在各大城市都把地(di)鐵和輕軌建(jian)設列入未來的城市規劃中,有(you)些規劃的線路已經在建(jian)。可以說,我國地(di)鐵和輕軌建(jian)設的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨勢是長期的、持久的。

2.地(di)鐵輕軌(gui)建設(she)對城市地(di)下(xia)空間開發的(de)帶動作用

本(ben)文作(zuo)者：馮明兵(bing)工作(zuo)單(dan)位：南京(jing)鐵(tie)道職業技(ji)術學院

地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)本質就是(shi)一種(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)，這就確立(li)了地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)依存(cun)關系。地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)正在將過(guo)去遠(yuan)離都市(shi)(shi)的(de)一些地(di)(di)(di)方變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)，這一變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)結果必然(ran)會帶(dai)來人口、資(zi)源的(de)重新聚集、調配和遷移，進而(er)又帶(dai)來了人們生活(huo)方式、社會活(huo)動、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)思想的(de)巨大(da)改變(bian)(bian)，這即形(xing)成(cheng)了新的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。從(cong)這個意義來說(shuo)，地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)不可(ke)能改變(bian)(bian)其(qi)公共服務屬(shu)性而(er)脫離城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)孤(gu)立(li)存(cun)在。然(ran)而(er)換一種(zhong)角度(du)來看，地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)所(suo)代(dai)表的(de)人類(lei)智慧和科技文(wen)(wen)明本身就是(shi)一筆巨大(da)的(de)財富，使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)得(de)更加宜居、豐富和美好。這是(shi)由(you)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)所(suo)創造的(de)新的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)明。其(qi)中(zhong)，地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)價值體現為：（1）既是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)物化(hua)形(xing)態，也是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)精神形(xing)態的(de)存(cun)在方式。只要搭上地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)，就能看到最真(zhen)實的(de)巴黎！

這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)《巴黎(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)雜(za)貨旅行》一(yi)書(shu)(shu)封面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醒目(mu)標題(ti)。書(shu)(shu)中由地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)線路串起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富多(duo)彩(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)活(huo)不僅(jin)讓我們領略(lve)了(le)(le)巴黎(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)魅力(li)，也(ye)讓我們學會了(le)(le)關照(zhao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)種方(fang)式(shi)———地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。顯然(ran)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)它所(suo)代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現代交(jiao)通(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明，還在(zai)于它已經成(cheng)為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部分，成(cheng)為承載一(yi)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕佳舞臺(tai)(tai)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最具活(huo)力(li)和(he)(he)(he)魅力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質所(suo)在(zai)，它折射出(chu)一(yi)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史變遷、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)精(jing)神(shen)、風土人情(qing)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學藝(yi)術等諸多(duo)特(te)質，影響著一(yi)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態、行為制度(du)和(he)(he)(he)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)方(fang)式(shi)等，這(zhe)其中自然(ran)也(ye)包(bao)括地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)擁有(you)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人氣(qi)(qi)聚集，既(ji)封閉又具流動(dong)性，這(zhe)些都(dou)為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳承提供了(le)(le)有(you)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件。它“濃(nong)縮(suo)了(le)(le)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繽紛(fen)色彩(cai)，承載著快樂和(he)(he)(he)憂傷，也(ye)交(jiao)織著夢想與希望”［1］。也(ye)因如此(ci)，世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)都(dou)將這(zhe)一(yi)人類巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公共資源倍(bei)加珍惜并(bing)施以利(li)用，通(tong)過(guo)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)中溶入濃(nong)郁特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，使地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)成(cheng)為展示和(he)(he)(he)傳播自身城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窗口。如世(shi)界(jie)最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)敦(dun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)，至(zhi)今(jin)仍完好地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保存著各(ge)種不同年(nian)(nian)代建筑(zhu)風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)站，從早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磚石拱形(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)構，到后(hou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純鋼鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)結(jie)構，再(zai)到現代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)玻璃站臺(tai)(tai)等。這(zhe)些車(che)站記錄著100多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)建設(she)(she)歷史，展現出(chu)一(yi)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滄桑變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。而(er)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)車(che)廂里超過(guo)半數以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乘客讀書(shu)(shu)或看(kan)報，那份(fen)閑(xian)適與從容，也(ye)成(cheng)為詮(quan)釋倫(lun)敦(dun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)道(dao)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風景。又如巴黎(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)，儼然(ran)成(cheng)為藝(yi)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流動(dong)舞臺(tai)(tai)，隨處可(ke)見(jian)手持(chi)手風琴或吉(ji)他，或攜帶(dai)音(yin)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)人，讓人們時刻感受(shou)到這(zhe)座“浪漫之都(dou)”濃(nong)郁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術氣(qi)(qi)息。由此(ci)可(ke)見(jian)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)載體，反(fan)映著人們對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)物質與精(jing)神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重需求，其既(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)精(jing)神(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)方(fang)式(shi)。（2）既(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)推動(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)手段。盡管地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)誕生(sheng)至(zhi)今(jin)已有(you)100多(duo)年(nian)(nian)，然(ran)而(er)對(dui)于許多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區和(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)言，依然(ran)是(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種新(xin)生(sheng)事物。作(zuo)為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產物和(he)(he)(he)人類智慧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)晶，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開創(chuang)了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明：地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)極大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改善了(le)(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)環境，提升了(le)(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)品質，塑(su)造(zao)了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)象。它為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帶(dai)來了(le)(le)快捷便利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，立體交(jiao)通(tong)體系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時空(kong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，通(tong)暢文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，發(fa)達社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象征文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等［8］。

因而可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)說，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)本質(zhi)上(shang)(shang)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)長期漸進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)階(jie)段，由于(yu)經(jing)濟、政治、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)以(yi)(yi)及生產力(li)(li)(li)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，會形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，但總體而言，都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)繼承前一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)顯然(ran)(ran)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)推(tui)動(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)之一(yi)(yi)。相對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、完(wan)善與發(fa)展(zhan)要快速得(de)多(duo)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)受自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)環境影響(xiang)(xiang)較(jiao)小，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)影響(xiang)(xiang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，可(ke)(ke)塑性較(jiao)強，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)了(le)(le)良好條件。為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)，利(li)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)推(tui)動(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)、提升(sheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形(xing)(xing)象，已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)許(xu)多(duo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)手(shou)段。如(ru)(ru)西(xi)安(an)(an)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)2號(hao)線北大(da)(da)街站(zhan)，名為(wei)(wei)(wei)《百變》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)墻將(jiang)深浮雕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代女(nv)性形(xing)(xing)象與淺浮雕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)華麗(li)唐裝并(bing)置重(zhong)疊，強烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)比和(he)(he)(he)時空交(jiao)錯(cuo)感將(jiang)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穿越”做到了(le)(le)極致，為(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)安(an)(an)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)座古(gu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)增添了(le)(le)現(xian)代活(huo)力(li)(li)(li)。又(you)如(ru)(ru)，隨著物聯網、云計算(suan)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工智能等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟，近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“智慧(hui)型(xing)”軌道交(jiao)通正(zheng)逐(zhu)漸被人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們所(suo)接受，上(shang)(shang)海、北京(jing)(jing)(jing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)積極響(xiang)(xiang)應“智慧(hui)型(xing)”交(jiao)通系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)勢(shi)必更大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)惠及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生態(tai)，給(gei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們帶(dai)來(lai)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)關懷。因此(ci)(ci)，由地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)推(tui)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)，不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)認(ren)識和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魅力(li)(li)(li)，還在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷完(wan)善和(he)(he)(he)提升(sheng)中給(gei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帶(dai)來(lai)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)，促進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明進(jin)步。（3）既能成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志(zhi)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)范(fan)(fan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)極其豐富多(duo)彩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)中會形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與眾不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些千姿百態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)共同(tong)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界。受不(bu)同(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)也(ye)會呈(cheng)現(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)面(mian)貌，帶(dai)有各自(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)印記。如(ru)(ru)臺北地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)情味”，上(shang)(shang)海地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)“國際(ji)”，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)“休閑”，廣州地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)“民(min)主”，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)”，等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)或(huo)已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)各自(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)標(biao)志(zhi)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)再經(jing)過精心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計和(he)(he)(he)打造(zao)(zao)(zao)，或(huo)許(xu)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)各自(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)范(fan)(fan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。例如(ru)(ru)，從20世(shi)紀30年(nian)(nian)代開始興建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莫(mo)斯科(ke)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)就(jiu)了(le)(le)極富特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)站(zhan)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)、裝飾以(yi)(yi)及濃厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)氛圍。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些造(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)各異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，美妙絕倫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壁畫(hua)、浮雕、雕刻(ke)、燈飾等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，均出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)前蘇(su)聯時期最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)杰出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)師和(he)(he)(he)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)家之手(shou)，由于(yu)他們“對(dui)(dui)(dui)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品近乎苛刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，使(shi)得(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)具有了(le)(le)永恒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、超越時空與國界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魅力(li)(li)(li)”［9］，使(shi)莫(mo)斯科(ke)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)被公認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)“世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)美麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)”，“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)宮殿”。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)說，令人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)驚嘆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)無疑代表了(le)(le)莫(mo)斯科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)范(fan)(fan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。然(ran)(ran)而，對(dui)(dui)(dui)我(wo)國大(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)來(lai)說，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)范(fan)(fan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)還需付出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)不(bu)懈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)努力(li)(li)(li)。托馬斯•庫(ku)恩認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，“范(fan)(fan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)”代表一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)理(li)論體系(xi)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)公認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)型(xing)或(huo)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)共同(tong)體成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員所(suo)共享(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)仰、價(jia)值(zhi)、技術(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集合［9］。由此(ci)(ci)可(ke)(ke)見，要想成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)范(fan)(fan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)應形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)套系(xi)統性、整體性和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)學性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論體系(xi)，其核(he)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)理(li)念(nian)要獲得(de)公眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍(bian)認(ren)同(tong)，要有可(ke)(ke)供(gong)借鑒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功案例。以(yi)(yi)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例：南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)擁有2500年(nian)(nian)悠久歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，十朝古(gu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)與文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)無疑是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驕(jiao)傲。2005年(nian)(nian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之初，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)1號(hao)線便專門辟出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)10面(mian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)墻，用以(yi)(yi)展(zhan)示南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)和(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)底蘊(yun)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)國內(nei)(nei)創(chuang)舉得(de)到了(le)(le)廣大(da)(da)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)和(he)(he)(he)“十運會”嘉賓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贊譽。2006年(nian)(nian)，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)又(you)在(zai)國內(nei)(nei)率先提出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)建(jian)設(she)(she)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品牌(pai)(pai)戰(zhan)略，提煉形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)———“馳載人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、身(shen)心(xin)直達”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)理(li)念(nian)。經(jing)過幾年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)深入人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)。它透(tou)過地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)環境、行為(wei)(wei)(wei)、制(zhi)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)理(li)念(nian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)各個(ge)(ge)層(ceng)面(mian)反(fan)映(ying)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)來(lai)。如(ru)(ru)開行“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)號(hao)”、“詩歌號(hao)”、“低碳(tan)號(hao)”、“青奧會志(zhi)愿者號(hao)”列車(che)，創(chuang)建(jian)“糖果(guo)車(che)站(zhan)”、“和(he)(he)(he)諧車(che)站(zhan)”等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)品牌(pai)(pai)車(che)站(zhan)，打造(zao)(zao)(zao)“昆曲進(jin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)”、“音樂(le)樓梯”等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)品牌(pai)(pai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)動(dong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，使(shi)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)”真正(zheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)乃至(zhi)江蘇(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)張(zhang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)名片。

如果(guo)將交(jiao)錯(cuo)密(mi)布(bu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)網絡比作城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)“血管(guan)”，地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)所承載的(de)正是(shi)一座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)驕傲———文(wen)(wen)(wen)化，也只有(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化才(cai)是(shi)一座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)靈魂(hun)和(he)(he)活力所在。如何(he)把握好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化的(de)核(he)心價值理念，如何(he)進行地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化的(de)創新，如何(he)推(tui)動城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化的(de)傳承和(he)(he)發展，等(deng)等(deng)，這些問題(ti)的(de)真正解決(jue)還(huan)需地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)建設(she)者(zhe)、管(guan)理者(zhe)和(he)(he)參與者(zhe)的(de)不斷實踐(jian)和(he)(he)探(tan)(tan)索。希望對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化概(gai)念及其文(wen)(wen)(wen)化價值的(de)探(tan)(tan)討，能引起人們(men)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化中深(shen)層次結構(gou)、要素(su)的(de)更多思(si)考，集(ji)思(si)廣(guang)益，群策群力，為(wei)建設(she)高(gao)品質的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)，進而建設(she)更宜居和(he)(he)美好(hao)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)貢獻一份力量。

1地鐵(tie)火災防治大系統的觀(guan)點

以往地鐵(tie)火災(zai)的防治工作往往只(zhi)著(zhu)眼(yan)于在(zai)地鐵(tie)系(xi)統(tong)內部發生火災(zai)時的應(ying)對(dui)措施,多(duo)強(qiang)調(diao)一些硬件設(she)施的設(she)置和完(wan)善,而沒有(you)從系(xi)統(tong)和全(quan)局(ju)上(shang)去(qu)認(ren)識地鐵(tie)防災(zai)系(xi)統(tong)。應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)地鐵(tie)火災(zai)的發生、發展過程和條件,構建(jian)一個全(quan)局(ju)性的地鐵(tie)防災(zai)減(jian)災(zai)大系(xi)統(tong),以起到全(quan)面和徹底的“防”與“治”的作用(yong)。

1.1地鐵火(huo)災防(fang)治系統(tong)的組成

地鐵火災(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)發生過程可劃分為(wei)災(zai)(zai)前、災(zai)(zai)時和(he)災(zai)(zai)后三個(ge)階段(duan),地鐵火災(zai)(zai)防治系統(tong)即根據這三個(ge)不同(tong)階段(duan)進行配置,起到不同(tong)的(de)(de)火災(zai)(zai)預防和(he)控制作(zuo)用。地鐵火災(zai)(zai)防治系統(tong)的(de)(de)組成及實施要(yao)點(dian)見表1。

1.2地鐵火災防治大系統的構建

地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)是一種重要(yao)的(de)公共交通工具,具有相(xiang)當重要(yao)的(de)社會(hui)效益。因此,地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)火災(zai)的(de)防(fang)(fang)治不應(ying)只(zhi)依靠地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)運營(ying)(ying)部門的(de)努力,而應(ying)構建(jian)一個從政府部門到(dao)各相(xiang)關執行部門(包括(kuo)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)運營(ying)(ying)部門、公安、消防(fang)(fang)、醫(yi)療(liao)、通信、新聞媒體、環保單位乃至(zhi)民眾)的(de)全面的(de)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)火災(zai)防(fang)(fang)災(zai)救援體系(xi)。

摘要：本文淺析(xi)了目前廣州(zhou)地(di)鐵在運營安全管理方面的情況，探討了提升地(di)鐵運營安全管理保障(zhang)水平的發展趨(qu)勢，并進一步對目前存在的或將來可能遇到的發展瓶頸做出預見性推測和解決的對策。

關鍵詞：地鐵；運營管(guan)理；安全保(bao)障對策

一、廣州地(di)鐵運營安全(quan)管(guan)理(li)的基本情況

廣州(zhou)地鐵目前擁有(you)8條(tiao)線路、145座車站、運(yun)營里(li)程達236公(gong)里(li)組成(cheng)的(de)線網。每(mei)(mei)天平(ping)均客(ke)運(yun)量超(chao)過400萬(wan)人次(ci)，最(zui)(zui)高日客(ke)運(yun)量784萬(wan)人次(ci)，最(zui)(zui)小行車間(jian)隔(ge)3分鐘左右(you)。地鐵車輪滾(gun)滾(gun)，每(mei)(mei)天面臨的(de)最(zui)(zui)緊要問題就是安(an)全(quan)。近年來，廣州(zhou)地鐵公(gong)司堅持以安(an)全(quan)運(yun)營為(wei)中(zhong)心，狠抓(zhua)運(yun)營質量，初步形成(cheng)了較為(wei)完(wan)善(shan)的(de)安(an)全(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)體系(xi)和安(an)全(quan)管理(li)網絡，在員工中(zhong)進一(yi)步強(qiang)調(diao)了“安(an)全(quan)乃企業立身之本(ben)”的(de)觀念，在運(yun)營安(an)全(quan)管理(li)上強(qiang)化各項措施：

1.制度保安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。在進度和安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的選擇上(shang)，廣州地鐵永遠把安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)放在首位。保衛(wei)綜(zong)治、績效考核、運輸(shu)管理、應急預案(an)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理等近(jin)88個安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規章為地鐵安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產保駕護航，“三鐵”作風抓安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產，落實事故“四不放過”，確保了地鐵安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產持續穩定。

2.設(she)(she)備保(bao)安(an)全(quan)。廣州(zhou)(zhou)地(di)鐵通過引(yin)進(jin)國際(ji)上較為先(xian)進(jin)和成熟的(de)技術，擁(yong)有一套較完(wan)善(shan)的(de)運(yun)(yun)營設(she)(she)施設(she)(she)備安(an)全(quan)保(bao)障系(xi)統(tong)，確保(bao)安(an)全(quan)、正常運(yun)(yun)營。運(yun)(yun)營設(she)(she)備設(she)(she)施維修(xiu)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)好壞，直(zhi)接(jie)關系(xi)到地(di)鐵運(yun)(yun)營安(an)全(quan)與(yu)否。為保(bao)證設(she)(she)備設(she)(she)施的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)狀態，廣州(zhou)(zhou)地(di)鐵采用先(xian)進(jin)的(de)檢測(ce)手段，建立維修(xiu)管理信息化系(xi)統(tong)，以精(jing)(jing)益求精(jing)(jing)的(de)精(jing)(jing)神不(bu)斷提高(gao)維修(xiu)質(zhi)量(liang)。

我國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道交通，從(cong)1990年至2020年的(de)進(jin)化(hua)從(cong)側面反映了城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)進(jin)程。而現如今，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)快速擴張，使(shi)(shi)其漸漸地(di)失去了本土文(wen)化(hua)內涵(han)，引(yin)發城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)記憶危(wei)機。一(yi)座城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)令(ling)原住民難以(yi)忘懷與割舍的(de)、令(ling)游客流連忘返(fan)的(de)恰(qia)恰(qia)是這里獨有的(de)記憶。因(yin)此，筆者從(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)鐵空間(jian)入手，希望以(yi)公共藝術的(de)方式(shi)來記錄(lu)與呵護城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)歷史，促進(jin)大眾與城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)交流，加強精神文(wen)明建設，使(shi)(shi)得地(di)鐵空間(jian)成(cheng)為社會(hui)文(wen)化(hua)交流與傳播的(de)重要陣地(di)。

1城市(shi)記憶與(yu)地(di)鐵(tie)公共藝術

1.1城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)及(ji)其保護(hu)困境(jing)(jing)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)賴以生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所，承載著人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)大眾才有(you)共(gong)(gong)(gong)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神感悟，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)才得以延續(xu)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)才能更(geng)好發展(zhan)(zhan)。布正偉①認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)及(ji)其形(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)要素(su)所具有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)學特征認同(tong)(tong)(tong)后產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集體記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)[1]。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)認同(tong)(tong)(tong)，它具有(you)連續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)性(xing)特征。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)以一(yi)(yi)個敘事者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)份，向我們(men)(men)訴說它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)變遷與(yu)(yu)未(wei)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魅(mei)力(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于不(bu)斷增(zeng)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)價(jia)值與(yu)(yu)大眾人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)情感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互滲(shen)透。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)去、當下(xia)、未(wei)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集合(he)，一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)有(you)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，擁有(you)濃厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)底蘊(yun)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)之(zhi)源(yuan)。它在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)阿(a)爾伯(bo)蒂②看來(lai)(lai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，他認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)失去其起源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)連續(xu)性(xing)原(yuan)則，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將瀕臨(lin)毀滅[2]。一(yi)(yi)方水土(tu)養(yang)一(yi)(yi)方人(ren)(ren)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)具有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域性(xing)，使之(zhi)表現(xian)出(chu)(chu)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風貌(mao)。20世紀是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個“大發展(zhan)(zhan)”和(he)“大破壞(huai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代(dai)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“建設性(xing)破壞(huai)”始料未(wei)及(ji)，屢見不(bu)鮮[3]。近年來(lai)(lai)，不(bu)難發現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風貌(mao)逐漸(jian)趨同(tong)(tong)(tong)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)身(shen)失去了(le)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域特色與(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)價(jia)值，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)開(kai)始消失。2002年，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)挽救失去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)，青島市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)率先提(ti)出(chu)(chu)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)工程”，隨后各個地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)紛紛響(xiang)應。縱(zong)觀全局，中(zhong)國針對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)展(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)保護(hu)等工作(zuo)(zuo)仍(reng)處于起步階段[4]。因此(ci)，筆者希望(wang)以小(xiao)見大，從(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)入(ru)手，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)案例分析現(xian)下(xia)及(ji)未(wei)來(lai)(lai)塑造城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)化(hua)方式(shi)，響(xiang)應城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)保護(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)。1.2地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)概述。公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)內服務于公眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),區(qu)別于其他藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歸屬是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大眾，以藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手法傳遞大眾信息。從(cong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度看，公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)生(sheng)產關系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產物，揭示了(le)人(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審美(mei)關系(xi)(xi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)學者翁劍青看來(lai)(lai)，其既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)外在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、可(ke)視(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)運作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)方式(shi)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整體上又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)蘊(yun)涵豐富社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)精神內涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)[5]。因此(ci)，公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公眾性(xing)與(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)性(xing)，并且會(hui)(hui)因所處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)而被(bei)賦予新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵。1863年，全世界第一(yi)(yi)條地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)英國倫敦建成(cheng)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)逐漸(jian)進入(ru)大眾視(shi)(shi)野，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特風貌(mao)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)屬于交通(tong)(tong)類公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)中(zhong)，雖(sui)受限于地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局限性(xing)，但(dan)因其自(zi)身(shen)獨有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公眾性(xing)與(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)特點，使得空(kong)間(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新煥發活力(li)(li)，促(cu)進人(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良性(xing)互動(dong)(dong)。1.3城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)聯系(xi)(xi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)快發展(zhan)(zhan)、快擴張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大環(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)，商業文(wen)(wen)化(hua)侵占地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)，雖(sui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)收益(yi)，但(dan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)關懷意(yi)識淡(dan)化(hua)所引(yin)發城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)危機(ji)，使其失去了(le)特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)價(jia)值。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分，與(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)活動(dong)(dong)聯系(xi)(xi)緊密(mi)，空(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)屬性(xing)凸顯，因此(ci)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求不(bu)再是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功能層面上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全、便(bian)捷，更(geng)看重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)精神層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)感知。因此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建設中(zhong)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)單是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)只關乎(hu)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，它被(bei)賦予的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)力(li)(li)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凝聚力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體現(xian)，象征城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟實力(li)(li)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)從(cong)交通(tong)(tong)工具轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)憶(yi)(yi)輸出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要窗口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)今天，強調構建公眾共(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神文(wen)(wen)化(hua)，人(ren)(ren)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)與(yu)(yu)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互動(dong)(dong)，產生(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域歸屬感，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)片。

2案(an)例解讀(du)——吉林(lin)長(chang)春地鐵(tie)二號線公共藝術設計

吉林(lin)長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)于(yu)今(jin)年(nian)8月30日向市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)開(kai)放，其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)創團隊歷(li)經出(chu)國考(kao)察(cha)、吸收外國優秀經驗、融合(he)東西方設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)理(li)念后，為(wei)長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)量(liang)身打造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對比(bi)北京(jing)、南京(jing)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)，它(ta)較(jiao)好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)了(le)(le)當(dang)下中(zhong)(zhong)國地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)狀態，更具(ju)(ju)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)意(yi)義。再(zai)者，長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)從(cong)近代(dai)開(kai)始，便慢慢積淀了(le)(le)深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)底蘊，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)工業(ye)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)，它(ta)也曾是(shi)(shi)偽滿洲國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)都(dou)，迄今(jin)發掘了(le)(le)眾多(duo)(duo)歷(li)史(shi)遺跡，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)憶(yi)(yi)無處(chu)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)。因此(ci)，由此(ci)應運而(er)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)作品(pin)，對筆(bi)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)現(xian)實(shi)意(yi)義。2.1設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)一號(hao)(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)縱橫交(jiao)(jiao)織，是(shi)(shi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心軸。二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)18個站點(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)19件(jian)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)深入挖掘了(le)(le)春(chun)(chun)(chun)城(cheng)記(ji)憶(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)價值，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)一站一故事(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)，訴(su)說(shuo)著(zhu)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)憶(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)、事(shi)(shi)(shi)、物(wu)，展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)地(di)(di)(di)域性特征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)貌，著(zhu)重(zhong)體現(xian)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對民(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神感(gan)召，傳揚了(le)(le)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)精神，樹立了(le)(le)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形(xing)(xing)象(xiang)品(pin)牌(pai)，從(cong)而(er)帶(dai)來社會效(xiao)益(yi)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成功之處(chu)。例(li)如雙(shuang)豐站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《五(wu)谷豐登》靈感(gan)源于(yu)長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)享有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“天下第一糧倉”美譽，幾何麥穗(sui)圖案(an)與(yu)地(di)(di)(di)鋪(pu)中(zhong)(zhong)心篆刻著(zhu)“風(feng)調雨順(shun)”，是(shi)(shi)人(ren)們對農(nong)業(ye)生產持續繁榮(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期許，也寓意(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)順(shun)遂(sui)。和平(ping)大街站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《路(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)腳下》，印(yin)證(zheng)了(le)(le)長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)歷(li)程，延伸(shen)了(le)(le)人(ren)生之路(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)腳下、踏實(shi)向前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)。文(wen)化(hua)(hua)墻選取了(le)(le)不(bu)同功能和材質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)面，比(bi)如老(lao)長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馬(ma)蹄石(shi)、有(you)(you)軌(gui)電車路(lu)面、自行車道、人(ren)行道、盲道、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)軌(gui)等(deng)，與(yu)從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)穿插著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軌(gui)道交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)指示標識，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)看(kan)似錯位無序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排列，形(xing)(xing)成豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料質(zhi)感(gan)。南關站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《繁榮(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)井(jing)》（圖1），描繪了(le)(le)老(lao)長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、馬(ma)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)安居樂業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮(rong)(rong)景象(xiang)，人(ren)是(shi)(shi)故事(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)角，作品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)達396個，細(xi)細(xi)端詳每個人(ren)物(wu)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)鮮(xian)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。2.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)營(ying)造(zao)(zao)及其設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)功能為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復合(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，線(xian)(xian)性序列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，使人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)活動(dong)受空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響較(jiao)深，多(duo)(duo)呈現(xian)單(dan)一、快(kuai)速通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)軌(gui)跡。長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)營(ying)造(zao)(zao)基(ji)于(yu)以(yi)上空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)屬性，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)從(cong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)界面入手進(jin)行設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，包(bao)括頂面、地(di)(di)(di)面與(yu)墻體，其中(zhong)(zhong)墻體設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)占比(bi)最(zui)多(duo)(duo)，當(dang)然(ran)也不(bu)乏一體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)候車區空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，從(cong)多(duo)(duo)維(wei)度展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)了(le)(le)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)魅力(li)。例(li)如興(xing)隆堡站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《摩登時(shi)(shi)代(dai)》（圖2）向我們具(ju)(ju)象(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)了(le)(le)一個女士提包(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部。它(ta)充分利(li)用(yong)裝配(pei)站特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)結構(gou)，以(yi)一體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立體設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，聯動(dong)整個候車區。它(ta)頂部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拉(la)鏈造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)依(yi)托混(hun)凝土(tu)預制結構(gou)，增強了(le)(le)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縱深感(gan)，快(kuai)要(yao)(yao)傾(qing)瀉而(er)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活用(yong)品(pin)賦予空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)趣味(wei)性，濃厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活氣息凸顯。二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表現(xian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)以(yi)裝飾(shi)墻、藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)化(hua)(hua)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)設(she)(she)(she)施、地(di)(di)(di)鋪(pu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。裝飾(shi)墻主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)通(tong)(tong)道空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，以(yi)2緯(wei)(wei)、2.5緯(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)，釋放空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)引導空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)，賦予文(wen)化(hua)(hua)內(nei)涵。例(li)如建設(she)(she)(she)廣(guang)場站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《時(shi)(shi)代(dai)樂章》契合(he)區域特點(dian)，夸張(zhang)變形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西洋樂器仿佛正演奏著(zhu)長(chang)(chang)春(chun)(chun)(chun)這(zhe)座城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)樂章。藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)化(hua)(hua)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)設(she)(she)(she)施主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)候車區，在(zai)(zai)(zai)滿足實(shi)用(yong)功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)語言，豐富空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)。地(di)(di)(di)鋪(pu)則(ze)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)了(le)(le)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)憶(yi)(yi)為(wei)圖案(an)化(hua)(hua)視覺符號(hao)(hao)(hao)，向大眾傳遞城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)，并且呼應了(le)(le)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體性設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)原則(ze)。

3新時代下的基(ji)于城市記憶的地鐵公共藝術

摘要：本(ben)文總結(jie)了當前地(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)設計(ji)中的(de)(de)一些缺點和(he)(he)問(wen)(wen)題。如，地(di)鐵的(de)(de)使(shi)用期為100年，車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)客流量按建成后(hou)第25年預測，存在著巨大時空差距(ju)。站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)臺上設2組樓扶(fu)梯，不(bu)利于乘(cheng)(cheng)客疏(shu)散和(he)(he)防(fang)災。殘疾人電(dian)梯不(bu)能直達(da)地(di)面，殘疾人進(jin)出車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題并沒(mei)有解決。實踐證(zheng)明高(gao)架側式站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)臺的(de)(de)使(shi)用效果不(bu)好。雙島4線車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)只方便(bian)(bian)同(tong)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)臺同(tong)方向(xiang)換乘(cheng)(cheng)，反方向(xiang)換乘(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)方便(bian)(bian)。單島4線車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)對同(tong)方向(xiang)和(he)(he)反方向(xiang)換乘(cheng)(cheng)都很方便(bian)(bian)。由兩個車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)行(xing)組合換乘(cheng)(cheng)，工程代價(jia)太高(gao)，應該慎重使(shi)用。

Abstract:Thisarticlesummarizestheshortcomingsandthequestionsinthedesignofthecurrentsubwaystation.Forexample,thelifetimeofthesubwayis100years,butthecapacityofthestationpassengerisforecastedafterthesubwaystationhasbeenbuiltfor25years.Ithasthehugespaceandtimedisparitybetweenthem.Intheplatform,thereare2groupsofbuildingsstaircaseswithahandrail,itisdisadvantageousforthepassengerstodisperseandtakemeasuresagainstdisasters.Theelevatorofthedisabledpersoncannotgotothegrounddirectly,thequestionofthedisabledpersonpassinginandoutthestationisstillnotsolved.Thepracticeprovesthattheeffectofthehighstructuresidetypeplatformisnotgood.Thestationofdouble-island4linesonlyconvenientforthesamedirectioninterchange,thereverseddirectioninterchangeisnotfacilitated.Thestationofthesingle-island4linesisconvenientforthesamedirectioninterchangeandthereverseddirectioninterchange.Carryingonthecombinationbytwostationstotraderides,theconstructioncostoftheprojectistoohigh,shouldbeprudentlyused.

關鍵詞：使(shi)用期(qi)，預測(ce)客流，站(zhan)臺(tai)寬度，殘疾人電梯，同站(zhan)臺(tai)換乘。

Keywords:Thelifetimeofuse,forecastthepassengerflow,thewidthoftheplatform,theelevatorforthedisabledperson,interchangebetweenthesameplatform

一前言

新(xin)開通的(de)(de)(de)北京(jing)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)五(wu)號線(xian)(xian)，以(yi)嶄新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)面貌呈現(xian)在市民(min)面前，使北京(jing)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)又上了一(yi)個新(xin)臺(tai)階。地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)五(wu)號線(xian)(xian)集中了當(dang)代(dai)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)最新(xin)成(cheng)就(jiu)，車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術水平和舒適度(du)大大提(ti)高，車(che)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)電子服(fu)務(wu)設(she)(she)施(shi)齊全，能為(wei)乘(cheng)客(ke)提(ti)供(gong)多(duo)種乘(cheng)車(che)信息，方便市民(min)出行。新(xin)型站(zhan)臺(tai)安全門的(de)(de)(de)使用，確(que)保乘(cheng)客(ke)安全乘(cheng)車(che)，廣大乘(cheng)客(ke)贊不絕口(kou)。地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)五(wu)號線(xian)(xian)開通僅一(yi)個多(duo)月，日(ri)客(ke)運量已(yi)達到47萬人次，對緩解北京(jing)城(cheng)市交(jiao)通緊張狀況起了重要作(zuo)用。

1我國地鐵(tie)的發展(zhan)現(xian)狀

地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)建(jian)(jian)設(she)不(bu)僅標志著一個(ge)城市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)發達程度還彰顯了(le)一個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)國(guo)(guo)力及(ji)科(ke)技水平，另一方面還有效地(di)(di)(di)解決了(le)城市(shi)交通的(de)(de)(de)擁堵問題。隨著我國(guo)(guo)科(ke)技水平的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷進(jin)步，人(ren)口密度的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷加大，因此我國(guo)(guo)城市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)發展是必(bi)然的(de)(de)(de)。1969年，首都北京開通了(le)第一條地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)，就此拉(la)開了(le)我國(guo)(guo)城市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)序幕，繼北京之(zhi)后，上海、廣(guang)州、深圳也相繼開通了(le)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)，尤其是近幾年，我國(guo)(guo)掀起了(le)城市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)熱潮(chao)。結(jie)合(he)我國(guo)(guo)城市(shi)化的(de)(de)(de)發展趨勢，可(ke)以預見在未來(lai)5-10年將(jiang)會成為中國(guo)(guo)城市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)蓬勃發展的(de)(de)(de)黃金時(shi)期。我國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)主(zhu)要具備如下(xia)特點：

①地鐵線路(lu)會(hui)經過(guo)居民區，需(xu)要通過(guo)修筑聲屏障等(deng)措施嚴(yan)格控制噪聲和震動。

②通常采用混凝土道(dao)床作為軌(gui)道(dao)結構(gou)來減少維修量。

③通過直流(liu)電機進行(xing)牽引，用軌道作為(wei)通電回路。

④曲(qu)線段占的(de)比例(li)較(jiao)大，要解決好曲(qu)線軌(gui)道的(de)構造問(wen)題。

摘要：本文從(cong)地鐵安全(quan)和節能角度，提出了一(yi)種基于IFIX的(de)機(ji)電設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)監控系(xi)統(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計方(fang)案，該系(xi)統(tong)可以(yi)全(quan)面、有效的(de)對(dui)地鐵環控系(xi)統(tong)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)他機(ji)電設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)進(jin)行自動化(hua)監控及(ji)(ji)管理。并在緊急情況下，通過對(dui)車站運行設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)調度及(ji)(ji)協調，使(shi)各種設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)應用充分發揮其(qi)作用，保障設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)正常運行，進(jin)而(er)保證乘客(ke)安全(quan)。

關鍵詞：地(di)鐵；監控系統；機電設備

一、概述

我國城市軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通建設(she)已經進(jin)入高(gao)速發展時期，并(bing)且在未來數十年都將(jiang)會是城市建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)領域(yu)。因為地(di)(di)鐵是人流聚集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)共場所并(bing)深處地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)，為確保(bao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)處于可靠、高(gao)效、節能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)態，營(ying)造舒適安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)乘(cheng)車環(huan)境，就必須全(quan)面(mian)、有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)鐵環(huan)控系統設(she)備(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)(he)其他機電設(she)備(bei)(bei)進(jin)行(xing)自動(dong)化監(jian)控和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)。尤其是在遇到阻塞(sai)或火災(zai)等緊急情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)，通過對(dui)(dui)車站運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)度與(yu)協(xie)調(diao)，使各種(zhong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用充分發揮，保(bao)障設(she)備(bei)(bei)正(zheng)常運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)，進(jin)而(er)保(bao)證乘(cheng)客安(an)全(quan)。隨著對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)鐵運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)安(an)全(quan)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)水平要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷提(ti)高(gao)，機電設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類和(he)(he)(he)數量多，分布廣，運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)過程中被監(jian)控對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系越(yue)來越(yue)復雜，因此需(xu)要(yao)一種(zhong)功(gong)能強大、實施方便(bian)、結構簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機電設(she)備(bei)(bei)監(jian)控系統(以(yi)下(xia)(xia)簡稱BAS)來對(dui)(dui)車站中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各系統進(jin)行(xing)實時監(jian)控和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)，提(ti)高(gao)工作效率，保(bao)證地(di)(di)鐵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)。

二、機電設備監控系統分(fen)析

1.BAS的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)范圍。一個(ge)典型車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)BAS控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)對(dui)象通(tong)常(chang)包括：環控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(冷水機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)、冷卻水泵、冷凍水泵、冷卻塔風(feng)機(ji)(ji)、空調機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)、客氣處理機(ji)(ji)、風(feng)機(ji)(ji)盤管、新(xin)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)、送風(feng)機(ji)(ji)、回(hui)排風(feng)機(ji)(ji)、TVF風(feng)機(ji)(ji)、射流風(feng)機(ji)(ji)、U/O風(feng)機(ji)(ji)、聯(lian)鎖風(feng)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)防火(huo)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)防火(huo)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、二通(tong)調節閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、壓(ya)差調節閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、溫(wen)度(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)、溫(wen)濕(shi)度(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)、壓(ya)力傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)、流量(liang)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)、壓(ya)差傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)等)、給排水系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(水泵、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)蝶(die)閥(fa)(fa)(fa))、照明系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(照明回(hui)路(lu)、事故照明)、人防門系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、自動(dong)(dong)扶(fu)梯系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)及屏蔽(bi)門系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。由(you)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)環控(kong)(kong)設(she)備系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)復雜、耗能多，而地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)和(he)高(gao)架車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)環控(kong)(kong)設(she)備系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)簡(jian)單，所以(yi)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)應設(she)置(zhi)BAS，地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)和(he)高(gao)架車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)一般(ban)不設(she)BAS。2.BAS的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)成。城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)軌道交通(tong)BAS由(you)設(she)置(zhi)在控(kong)(kong)制中心的(de)(de)中央級(ji)(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、設(she)置(zhi)在各個(ge)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)車(che)(che)(che)控(kong)(kong)室(shi)的(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)級(ji)(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)及就(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)級(ji)(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)設(she)備組(zu)(zu)成。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)網絡(luo)結構分為車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)局(ju)域(yu)(yu)網、城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)軌道交通(tong)骨(gu)干(gan)網和(he)OCC(控(kong)(kong)制中心)局(ju)域(yu)(yu)網。車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)局(ju)域(yu)(yu)網與(yu)OCC局(ju)域(yu)(yu)網均(jun)采用冗余的(de)(de)高(gao)速以(yi)太(tai)網，局(ju)域(yu)(yu)網之間(jian)通(tong)過骨(gu)干(gan)網進行數據和(he)命令(ling)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸。

在(zai)(zai)今年福(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)省“兩會”上，泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)城(cheng)市軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設被(bei)寫(xie)入了《福(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)省政府工(gong)(gong)作報告(gao)》，泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)規劃遠景由6條線(xian)(xian)(xian)組成(cheng)，一期工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設考慮(lv)1號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)2號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，1號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)(bei)起福(fu)(fu)(fu)廈高速鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)站(zhan)，南(nan)至石獅(shi)市區(qu)(qu)(qu)，為南(nan)北(bei)(bei)向骨(gu)架(jia)；2號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)西起市區(qu)(qu)(qu)臨漳門(men)，東至漳泉(quan)肖(xiao)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)洛陽站(zhan)，這兩條線(xian)(xian)(xian)共同形(xing)成(cheng)“十”字放射式(shi)形(xing)態的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)架(jia)線(xian)(xian)(xian)網(wang)]。考慮(lv)到現(xian)階段軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術發展(zhan)水平、建(jian)(jian)設費用、技(ji)術成(cheng)熟性以(yi)及建(jian)(jian)設城(cheng)市環境的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護，泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)老城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)段將走(zou)地(di)鐵(tie)，其隧道(dao)占位(wei)高度在(zai)(zai)6m左右，地(di)下(xia)車站(zhan)深度和(he)隧道(dao)埋深約為14～17m。近年來，隨著我(wo)國地(di)鐵(tie)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)大量開工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設，在(zai)(zai)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)自身施工(gong)(gong)安全的(de)(de)(de)同時，對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)土工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)也越來越重視。孫鈞院(yuan)士以(yi)上海地(di)鐵(tie)為例(li)，總結了當前城(cheng)市地(di)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)環境巖(yan)土工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，歸納(na)了2O多處(chu)最突出的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)和(he)困(kun)難。福(fu)(fu)(fu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)大學簡(jian)文彬博士對福(fu)(fu)(fu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)地(di)鐵(tie)建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)土問(wen)(wen)題(ti)進行(xing)(xing)了分析(xi)和(he)研究(jiu)]，徐(xu)巖(yan)等(deng)對沈陽地(di)鐵(tie)一號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)(jian)設過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)環境巖(yan)土問(wen)(wen)題(ti)進行(xing)(xing)了分析(xi)]。由于泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)平原工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地(di)質條件的(de)(de)(de)復雜性以(yi)及地(di)下(xia)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)性，在(zai)(zai)泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)地(di)鐵(tie)建(jian)(jian)設過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)將遇到眾多的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)土工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。

l泉州(zhou)巖土工(gong)程地質(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)

1．1地形地貌

一期工程(cheng)地鐵段僅僅涉及豐澤區和(he)鯉(li)城區，屬泉(quan)州平原的一部分(fen)，區內地形平坦。

1．2構造與地震

泉(quan)州(zhou)市位(wei)于(yu)閩(min)東火山斷(duan)拗帶和閩(min)東南(nan)濱海(hai)斷(duan)隆帶中段，斷(duan)裂十(shi)分(fen)發(fa)育，以北(bei)北(bei)東向、北(bei)東東向及北(bei)西向斷(duan)裂規模最大(da).泉(quan)州(zhou)市地處我國東南(nan)沿海(hai)地震(zhen)帶上，歷史(shi)上(公(gong)元1640年)發(fa)生過8．1級大(da)震(zhen)，地震(zhen)頻發(fa)的臺灣省與泉(quan)州(zhou)市僅(jin)一(yi)水之(zhi)隔(ge)，臺灣的強震(zhen)經常(chang)影響(xiang)到泉(quan)州(zhou)市。根據《中國地震(zhen)烈度(du)(du)區(qu)劃圖(1990)》，鯉城(cheng)區(qu)、豐澤區(qu)地震(zhen)基(ji)本烈度(du)(du)為7度(du)(du)。