平臺設計論文范文
時(shi)間:2023-03-14 21:52:32
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篇1
關鍵(jian)詞(ci)計量;數據(ju)采(cai)集;網絡系統(tong)
1引言
安鋼計量信息平臺系統設計包(bao)括系統(tong)(tong)總體設計(ji)和詳細設計(ji),包(bao)括硬(ying)件(jian)及(ji)軟件(jian)兩部分(fen)(fen),主要描(miao)述的(de)(de)是(shi)該(gai)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)組成(cheng)與(yu)運(yun)行過程。按照(zhao)計(ji)量信息需求及(ji)的(de)(de)實際情況(kuang),系統(tong)(tong)采用瀏(liu)覽器/Web/數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)服務(wu)器三層分(fen)(fen)布式結構。計(ji)量信息共(gong)享(xiang)平臺是(shi)一個人機對(dui)話系統(tong)(tong),從物理機構上看,它主要是(shi)由計(ji)算機、硬(ying)件(jian)設備、軟件(jian)、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)和用戶組成(cheng)。
為(wei)達(da)到本系統(tong)設計目(mu)標,在設計中遵(zun)循以(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾個(ge)原(yuan)則:實(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing),可用(yong)(yong)性(xing),先進(jin)性(xing),易用(yong)(yong)性(xing),人(ren)機分工(gong)合理性(xing)幾個(ge)方(fang)面。根據信息(xi)平臺(tai)的實(shi)際情況,對各個(ge)具體功能和細節進(jin)行(xing)分析和系統(tong)開(kai)發(fa),根據用(yong)(yong)戶需求,在Windows環境下(xia)(xia),采用(yong)(yong)當前最為(wei)流行(xing)的開(kai)發(fa)工(gong)具進(jin)行(xing)開(kai)發(fa),建(jian)立人(ren)機友好,可視化的用(yong)(yong)戶界(jie)面,輸入方(fang)便快捷(jie),輸出信息(xi)易讀易懂。
2體系結構設計
本信息共享(xiang)平臺采用(yong)(yong)三層(ceng)B/S結構,B/S結構中只(zhi)安裝一(yi)(yi)個(ge)服(fu)務器(qi),而(er)客戶端采用(yong)(yong)瀏覽器(qi)運行軟(ruan)件。在數據(ju)管理(li)層(ceng)和(he)用(yong)(yong)戶界面增加了(le)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)結構,稱為(wei)中間(jian)件,使整個(ge)體系結構分為(wei)三層(ceng)。中間(jian)件主要提供(gong)以下功能(neng)(neng):負責客戶機與服(fu)務器(qi)、服(fu)務器(qi)與服(fu)務器(qi)間(jian)的(de)連接與通訊,實現應(ying)用(yong)(yong)與數據(ju)庫的(de)高(gao)效連接。這種(zhong)三層(ceng)結構在層(ceng)與層(ceng)之間(jian)相(xiang)互獨立,任何(he)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)的(de)改變不會影響其它層(ceng)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)。
3系統總體設計
圖1系統功能結(jie)構圖
根據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)系(xi)統的(de)要(yao)求,在(zai)建(jian)立(li)計(ji)量信息共享平臺之前,首先做好(hao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)采集工作。統一數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立(li)信息共享平臺的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)。在(zai)計(ji)量信息共享平臺上(shang),數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)層是(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu),通過數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)共享和交換處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)形成信息,然(ran)后利(li)用技術手段把信息總結、分類和歸納(na)形成知識層,在(zai)此之上(shang)提供(gong)管理(li)(li)與(yu)決(jue)策支撐。根據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)系(xi)統的(de)需求分析(xi),確定系(xi)統的(de)功能(neng)如下:基(ji)礎(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、電能(neng)計(ji)量、動力量數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)、軌(gui)道衡數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)、工作計(ji)劃、供(gong)應處(chu)(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、管理(li)(li)查(cha)詢(xun)、權限管理(li)(li)、設備維(wei)護、設備信息、生產(chan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、實時監控(kong)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)查(cha)詢(xun)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)維(wei)護、采集數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)上(shang)傳、原始(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)查(cha)詢(xun)、組織機構等功能(neng)。整個系(xi)統的(de)功能(neng)結構圖如圖1所示。
4整(zheng)體網(wang)絡方案設計
安鋼計(ji)量信息共享平臺的建(jian)設(she),首(shou)先是網絡(luo)系(xi)統的建(jian)設(she),整體網絡(luo)采用(yong)(yong)千(qian)兆(zhao)義(yi)太網技(ji)術,在硬件網絡(luo)布線(xian)設(she)計(ji)上采用(yong)(yong)了分層的結構,分為:核心(xin)層、匯聚層、接入層。
網(wang)絡(luo)核心(xin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)采用2臺(tai)高性(xing)能萬兆(zhao)路由交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji)ExtremeAspen8810交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji)組成,放置(zhi)(zhi)在數(shu)據中(zhong)心(xin)機(ji)(ji)房作為核心(xin)設備(bei),提供與(yu)四(si)個匯(hui)(hui)聚(ju)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji)的互連和服務器的連接(jie)(jie)。網(wang)絡(luo)匯(hui)(hui)聚(ju)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設置(zhi)(zhi)四(si)個節點(dian)(網(wang)絡(luo)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)中(zhong)心(xin)),分(fen)別放置(zhi)(zhi)在回皮軌道(dao)衡(heng)、計(ji)控部(bu)(bu)、熱(re)(re)送(song)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、黑河路,每個匯(hui)(hui)聚(ju)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)節點(dian)配置(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)臺(tai)高性(xing)能的Extreme的SummitX450匯(hui)(hui)聚(ju)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji)。對于接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),有的地方使用已有的DlinkDES系(xi)列交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji),有的地方節點(dian)數(shu)較少,甚至(zhi)只(zhi)有一(yi)個節點(dian),就直接(jie)(jie)連到匯(hui)(hui)聚(ju)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)。接(jie)(jie)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji)的地方有:回皮軌道(dao)衡(heng)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)中(zhong)心(xin)在計(ji)控倉庫(ku)、焦粉稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、西站(zhan)配置(zhi)(zhi)三臺(tai)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji);計(ji)控部(bu)(bu)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)中(zhong)心(xin)在250t/300t稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)配置(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)臺(tai)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji);熱(re)(re)送(song)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)中(zhong)心(xin)在進廠稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)配置(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)臺(tai)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji);黑河路交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)中(zhong)心(xin)在三煉(lian)軌道(dao)衡(heng)配置(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)臺(tai)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji)。四(si)個交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)中(zhong)心(xin)共配置(zhi)(zhi)6臺(tai)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)機(ji)(ji)。其(qi)網(wang)絡(luo)拓撲結構(gou)如圖2所示。
圖2安鋼計量數據(ju)網絡拓撲結(jie)構
5軟件詳細設計
5.1軟件平臺(tai)設計
操作系統:選用(yong)MSWindows2000高級服務器;數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)系統:選用(yong)MSSQL2000;系統采用(yong)三(san)層(ceng)B/S的邏輯(ji)體系結構,前(qian)端(duan)用(yong)戶界面為瀏覽器。在數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)和前(qian)端(duan)業務界面之間為業務邏輯(ji)層(ceng)。采用(yong)微軟(ruan).NET框(kuang)架開發。對外的服務功能以Web服務的形(xing)式提(ti)供。
5.2信息共(gong)享平臺整體結構設計
從邏輯功能角度分(fen)析,把該系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)分(fen)為應(ying)用(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和支(zhi)撐系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)兩(liang)大(da)部分(fen)。支(zhi)撐系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)整個系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)繼承的物質基礎,包(bao)括計(ji)算(suan)機系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)網絡系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和工具(ju)層。應(ying)用(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)建立在支(zhi)撐系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)之上,根據(ju)(ju)(ju)在子系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中的作用(yong)領域(yu)又(you)分(fen)為計(ji)量數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)管理系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和現場數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)采(cai)集(ji)兩(liang)個應(ying)用(yong)子系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),兩(liang)者之間(jian)通(tong)(tong)過支(zhi)撐系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的網絡通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)實(shi)現物理集(ji)成,通(tong)(tong)過數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)實(shi)現信息集(ji)成。系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)基本結構圖(tu)如圖(tu)3所示。
.3數據采(cai)集層系統設計
數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)(cai)集層完成現場(chang)數(shu)據(ju)的采(cai)(cai)集,包括能源(yuan)量采(cai)(cai)集系統(tong)的升級,物(wu)資量采(cai)(cai)集軟件的編(bian)制與更(geng)新,它是信息共(gong)享平臺的數(shu)據(ju)來源(yuan)。
能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)采集(ji)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)采用(yong)(yong)”893”單總線(xian)結(jie)構。硬件(jian)上把所(suo)有能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)計量(liang)(liang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)劃分為四個(ge)(ge)小的(de)子網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo),每個(ge)(ge)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)設一個(ge)(ge)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)子站(zhan),由子站(zhan)完(wan)成(cheng)各子網(wang)(wang)(wang)內的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集(ji),子站(zhan)就近通過光纖在義太網(wang)(wang)(wang)上進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)交換和網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)控制,同時設立一個(ge)(ge)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)站(zhan)完(wan)成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)匯總、分析和網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)傳(chuan)輸(shu)。軟件(jian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)北京亞(ya)控公司的(de)組態王軟件(jian)對能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)采集(ji)系統進(jin)行(xing)開(kai)發(fa)。對電量(liang)(liang)采集(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)自編的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)軟件(jian)把全部電站(zhan)的(de)結(jie)算(suan)電表(biao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)實時采入(ru)計算(suan)機數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku),并(bing)進(jin)入(ru)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)平臺,由數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)按不同用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)需要對授權用(yong)(yong)戶提供(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)與(yu)監(jian)控。物資量(liang)(liang)采集(ji)程序開(kai)發(fa)工具(ju)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)Delphi6.0+MSDE數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)進(jin)行(xing)開(kai)發(fa),完(wan)成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)任務(wu),并(bing)存(cun)入(ru)本(ben)地(di)(di)采集(ji)站(zhan)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)中(zhong),由遠(yuan)程數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)服務(wu)器(qi)通過“存(cun)儲(chu)過程”完(wan)成(cheng)將(jiang)本(ben)地(di)(di)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)上傳(chuan)到數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)服務(wu)器(qi),經過加(jia)工、處理(li)后提供(gong)和授權用(yong)(yong)戶查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)。
系統采用上(shang)傳(chuan)模型:(采集上(shang)傳(chuan)的數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)主要包括:能源量(liang)(liang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)、軌(gui)道衡(heng)計量(liang)(liang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)、汽車衡(heng)計量(liang)(liang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)、皮帶(dai)稱計量(liang)(liang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)、在線稱計量(liang)(liang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)、電量(liang)(liang)計量(liang)(liang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)。)
圖3系統基(ji)本結構圖
5.4管理(li)層系統設計
管(guan)理層(ceng)(ceng)完成(cheng)(cheng)對現(xian)場計量(liang)數據的采集和(he)管(guan)理、分析與應(ying)用(yong)(yong)等功能,整個系(xi)統采用(yong)(yong)三層(ceng)(ceng)B/S模式(shi)結(jie)構,數據存儲部分由SQLServer2000完成(cheng)(cheng),業(ye)務邏輯層(ceng)(ceng)使用(yong)(yong)開發(fa)完成(cheng)(cheng),表示層(ceng)(ceng)使用(yong)(yong)完成(cheng)(cheng)開發(fa)。系(xi)統主要(yao)完成(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統中提供的能源量(liang)及物資量(liang)數據的歸類、處理、及相關功能的實(shi)現(xian),是信息共享平臺的主要(yao)部分。
5.5支(zhi)撐系(xi)統設計
被分為四個層(ceng)次:計算(suan)機(ji)層(ceng)、通訊網絡層(ceng)、數據庫層(ceng)、工具(ju)層(ceng)。
工(gong)具層(ceng)(ceng)介于應(ying)用系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)/數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟件工(gong)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)合(he)。包括開(kai)發工(gong)具和(he)集(ji)(ji)成工(gong)具。數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)網(wang)絡(luo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中所使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)系(xi)統(tong)(tong),處于通(tong)訊(xun)網(wang)絡(luo)層(ceng)(ceng)之(zhi)(zhi)上,在(zai)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)下,為應(ying)用系(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供信(xin)息存儲、管(guan)(guan)理、共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)和(he)集(ji)(ji)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)手段。本(ben)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)涉及(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)采集(ji)(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)地數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)及(ji)管(guan)(guan)理信(xin)息系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)。計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)信(xin)息共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)平臺均采用關(guan)系(xi)模(mo)型。數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)鍵(jian)是(shi)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)(ji),信(xin)息共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)平臺應(ying)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)表有兩(liang)種:本(ben)地數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)表;管(guan)(guan)理層(ceng)(ceng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)表。通(tong)訊(xun)網(wang)絡(luo)層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)網(wang)絡(luo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)通(tong)訊(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)載體和(he)樞紐,計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)信(xin)息共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)平臺通(tong)過完落系(xi)統(tong)(tong),是(shi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)間、計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)與計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)設備之(zhi)(zhi)間連接(jie),實(shi)現(xian)了整個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)集(ji)(ji)成,支(zhi)持(chi)和(he)保障了計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)網(wang)絡(luo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息集(ji)(ji)成。采用混合(he)型網(wang)絡(luo)拓撲結構,TCP/IP協議。計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)支(zhi)撐系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)。本(ben)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)要(yao)求客(ke)戶端(duan)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)為PⅢ以上,安(an)裝Windows2000Professionnal;服(fu)務器設計(ji)(ji)(ji)為雙冗(rong)余、群集(ji)(ji)方式,運行MicrosoftWindows2000AdvanceServer。
5.6人機監控界面設計
監(jian)控(kong)畫(hua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)人(ren)機(ji)交(jiao)互(hu)的(de)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian),一(yi)個(ge)(ge)軟件系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)否成功,最(zui)終的(de)檢(jian)查(cha)標準是(shi)它能(neng)否使用戶感到滿(man)意。本系(xi)統(tong)人(ren)機(ji)交(jiao)互(hu)包(bao)括兩個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)(mian)(mian):一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)人(ren)對(dui)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)輸(shu)入(ru),包(bao)括向(xiang)系(xi)統(tong)下達的(de)命令,提供的(de)命令參數和系(xi)統(tong)所(suo)需(xu)要的(de)其(qi)它輸(shu)入(ru)信(xin)(xin)息(xi);另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)系(xi)統(tong)向(xiang)人(ren)提供信(xin)(xin)息(xi),即輸(shu)出。輸(shu)出信(xin)(xin)息(xi)一(yi)般有三種:提示(shi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi);系(xi)統(tong)向(xiang)人(ren)報告的(de)計算或處(chu)理結果;系(xi)統(tong)對(dui)輸(shu)入(ru)操(cao)作的(de)反饋信(xin)(xin)息(xi)。本著(zhu)使用簡(jian)便、界(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)致、及時反饋與美觀的(de)原(yuan)則(ze),結合計量信(xin)(xin)息(xi)共享平臺的(de)功能(neng)需(xu)求,應用面(mian)(mian)(mian)向(xiang)對(dui)象的(de)方法(fa)進行系(xi)統(tong)的(de)人(ren)機(ji)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)設(she)計。
6結束語
以(yi)上詳(xiang)細(xi)論(lun)述了安鋼(gang)計(ji)量信息(xi)(xi)平臺的總體(ti)設計(ji)和(he)(he)詳(xiang)細(xi)設計(ji),將整個系(xi)統(tong)按照橫向和(he)(he)縱向分層介紹(shao),采用(yong)具體(ti)的方案設計(ji)了安鋼(gang)信息(xi)(xi)計(ji)量平臺。該系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)實際中得以(yi)很(hen)好的應用(yong)。
參考文獻
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篇2
1.1以(yi)學習(xi)活動為中(zhong)心的設計理(li)論。
學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)就是(shi)(shi)為了達到特(te)定(ding)的(de)目標而師生共同努力的(de)過程(cheng),顧名(ming)思(si)義,學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)以學(xue)(xue)生為中心的(de)一種活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。而學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)又構成(cheng)了教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong),所(suo)以學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)設計(ji)的(de)基礎。學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)關鍵就是(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)目標的(de)制(zhi)定(ding),且學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)目標和(he)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)目標之間存在某些方(fang)面的(de)因果聯系,活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)方(fang)法、過程(cheng)、組織形(xing)式等(deng)都是(shi)(shi)由于活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)目標決定(ding)的(de),而學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)資源(yuan)、學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)工具等(deng)都支持(chi)著(zhu)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)開展。
1.2構建主義學(xue)習理論。
建(jian)構(gou)主(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習理(li)論核心是學(xue)(xue)習者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),該理(li)論主(zhu)要強(qiang)調:學(xue)(xue)習者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)由(you)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)被(bei)灌輸者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)和(he)被(bei)動接受者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),轉變(bian)為(wei)自己能夠對信(xin)息進行(xing)獲取、深(shen)度加工的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)動者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。相比(bi)較而言(yan),構(gou)建(jian)主(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)活(huo)動是:老師由(you)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)灌輸者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)轉變(bian)為(wei)學(xue)(xue)生學(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)促(cu)進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),這(zhe)就對教(jiao)(jiao)師提(ti)出了(le)比(bi)較高的(de)(de)(de)要求,需要教(jiao)(jiao)師掌握(wo)新的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模式(shi)、新的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)新的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)設計。由(you)人的(de)(de)(de)外在活(huo)動與人的(de)(de)(de)心理(li)發展是辯證統(tong)一可(ke)知,活(huo)動是人類活(huo)得身心發展的(de)(de)(de)源動力,而教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)本身也是一種活(huo)動。
二、學習活動設計
基于網絡教學平(ping)臺的(de)學習一般需要設計以下幾個環節(jie):首先根據學習的(de)目標,制定(ding)活動(dong)(dong)的(de)主(zhu)題;然后確定(ding)活動(dong)(dong)的(de)形式,主(zhu)要分(fen)為(wei)個體活動(dong)(dong)和(he)集體活動(dong)(dong);最后實施學習活動(dong)(dong)的(de)方案并且(qie)對成果進(jin)行匯(hui)報(bao)。
2.1教學分析。
教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)以及(ji)行(xing)(xing)為表(biao)現(xian)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)三個部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)。一(yi)是(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),如果(guo)(guo)想(xiang)要(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)者(zhe)能夠達(da)到(dao)預定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo),就需(xu)(xu)要(yao)對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征進行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),比(bi)如:學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)活(huo)動中(zhong)那些因(yin)素(su)會影(ying)響學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)效(xiao)率,這樣(yang)在設(she)計(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)活(huo)動時就可以將這些因(yin)素(su)考(kao)慮進去。二是(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)內(nei)容分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)就是(shi)揭示教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活(huo)動規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)以及(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)達(da)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao),最后(hou)根據(ju)這些目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)確定(ding)(ding)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)條件。教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)課程的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準是(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提和基(ji)礎。三是(shi)行(xing)(xing)為表(biao)現(xian)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)確定(ding)(ding),宏觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)不是(shi)指學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)境界(jie),而是(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)者(zhe)完成(cheng)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)材任務后(hou)能夠做(zuo)(zuo)些什么,即學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)者(zhe)對技能運用的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)實世(shi)界(jie)境界(jie)。這樣(yang),教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)便轉變為行(xing)(xing)為表(biao)現(xian)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao),這是(shi)一(yi)種終極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)描述是(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)者(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)后(hou)能做(zuo)(zuo)什么方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容。
2.2學習活動任務的設(she)計(ji)。
首(shou)先,活動(dong)(dong)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)制定需(xu)要(yao)和(he)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)內容有關(guan),活動(dong)(dong)內容是(shi)(shi)為了達(da)到(dao)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)目標而(er)需(xu)要(yao)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)內容。如果(guo)想要(yao)活動(dong)(dong)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)被更高質量的(de)(de)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng),就需(xu)要(yao)將新(xin)的(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識、新(xin)的(de)(de)技能和(he)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)原來擁有的(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識、技能聯(lian)系起來,同時還(huan)要(yao)將新(xin)的(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識、技能和(he)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)自身的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)興趣、生活經驗等(deng)(deng)建立聯(lian)系,這(zhe)樣有利于促進學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)更加積(ji)極的(de)(de)參與學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活動(dong)(dong)中。其次是(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活動(dong)(dong)基本(ben)流程的(de)(de)設計,基本(ben)的(de)(de)流程主要(yao)有設置(zhi)情景、組織協調、合作學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、回報(bao)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)以及成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)評價(jia)等(deng)(deng)設計。在學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活動(dong)(dong)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)設計的(de)(de)最后,還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)對學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)活動(dong)(dong)進行(xing)監督設計,懶惰是(shi)(shi)人的(de)(de)天性,因此,想到(dao)達(da)到(dao)預(yu)定的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)效果(guo),教(jiao)師需(xu)要(yao)對學(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)過程進行(xing)監督。
2.3“平面設計”課程學(xue)習活動的設計。
基(ji)于(yu)網(wang)絡教(jiao)學(xue)平(ping)臺的(de)(de)學(xue)習(xi)活動(dong)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji),本文選(xuan)擇(ze)了以“平(ping)面設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)”為(wei)(wei)例。首先可(ke)以選(xuan)擇(ze)以一(yi)個教(jiao)材為(wei)(wei)藍本,如《PhotoshopCS4》,同時還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)其他(ta)優(you)秀的(de)(de)教(jiao)材進(jin)行演繹、重新組合、淡化繁瑣(suo)等操(cao)作。二(er)企業(ye)標志的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji),主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)創建規(gui)則選(xuan)區和修改(gai)選(xuan)區。三照片(pian)修飾(shi),需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)色彩(cai)的(de)(de)平(ping)衡、曲線、亮度與(yu)對(dui)比度等知識的(de)(de)掌握。四海(hai)報(bao)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji),海(hai)報(bao)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)會(hui)對(dui)海(hai)報(bao)圖層的(de)(de)編(bian)輯(ji)。“平(ping)面設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)”的(de)(de)學(xue)習(xi)活動(dong)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)教(jiao)師首先明確自己的(de)(de)職責,但是最關鍵的(de)(de)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)組織(zhi)好學(xue)習(xi)者的(de)(de)學(xue)習(xi)活動(dong),在(zai)上課之(zhi)前需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)好課堂(tang)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內容,在(zai)課堂(tang)中要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)認真組織(zhi)好學(xue)生的(de)(de)學(xue)習(xi)活動(dong),不斷與(yu)學(xue)生之(zhi)間進(jin)行互(hu)動(dong),同時還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)學(xue)生之(zhi)間互(hu)動(dong)創造條件,使得每個學(xue)生都能夠有(you)(you)(you)所思考(kao)并且有(you)(you)(you)所收獲。
三、學習活動效(xiao)果(guo)分析
3.1學(xue)習(xi)者(zhe)掌握(wo)了知(zhi)識和(he)技能。
學(xue)生(sheng)在(zai)完(wan)成一(yi)個學(xue)習活(huo)(huo)動(dong)之后(hou),最(zui)為(wei)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)就是熟練(lian)地掌(zhang)握了教材中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識和技能(neng),還學(xue)會(hui)了將(jiang)已有的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識和新的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識建立聯系(xi),最(zui)關鍵(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是學(xue)生(sheng)學(xue)會(hui)了將(jiang)所學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識運用到實踐活(huo)(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)。以平面設(she)計活(huo)(huo)動(dong)為(wei)例,學(xue)生(sheng)在(zai)完(wan)成作品的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)熟練(lian)掌(zhang)握了畫筆(bi)、邊框、文字、套(tao)索等工(gong)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用,還能(neng)對(dui)描畫、羽化(hua)、收(shou)縮、填(tian)充等操作的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合應(ying)用。
3.2學習者的信息素養得到了提高。
王吉慶(qing)教授認為,一個人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)素養(yang)是可以通過教育培養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),主要(yao)包括對信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獲取、信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)、信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發等方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力,信(xin)息(xi)素養(yang)是一種(zhong)社會共(gong)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)。當(dang)一個人具(ju)備(bei)了(le)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)素養(yang)之(zhi)后,會十分渴望知道某(mou)個問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)答案,且能夠(gou)在多樣(yang)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法中找到問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)答案。具(ju)備(bei)信(xin)息(xi)素養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人還會利(li)用(yong)自己掌(zhang)握的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)提(ti)出問(wen)題,且能利(li)用(yong)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法對信(xin)息(xi)進行(xing)評(ping)價(jia)。
四、結束語
篇3
1實驗室管理現狀
普(pu)通高等(deng)(deng)(deng)院(yuan)校在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)方(fang)面(mian)積累了(le)大量先進(jin)(jin)(jin)做法,如廈門大學(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)整合機(ji)(ji)電(dian)類(lei)相關(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)虛(xu)擬(ni)仿(fang)真實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)資(zi)源(yuan)基礎上,組建(jian)了(le)“廈門大學(xue)(xue)(xue)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)類(lei)虛(xu)擬(ni)仿(fang)真實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)中心(xin)”。中心(xin)建(jian)有成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)網絡平(ping)臺(tai),一方(fang)面(mian)擁有獨(du)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)門戶網站,能(neng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)中心(xin)概況、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時新聞、中心(xin)動(dong)態、全部(bu)課(ke)程(cheng)介紹等(deng)(deng)(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de);另一方(fang)面(mian)建(jian)設(she)有虛(xu)擬(ni)仿(fang)真實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)平(ping)臺(tai),能(neng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)網絡化(hua)(hua)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓課(ke)程(cheng)開設(she)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)選課(ke)、遠程(cheng)答(da)疑、作業(ye)提(ti)交批改等(deng)(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)功能(neng);中心(xin)特別配套有專門機(ji)(ji)房,以滿足信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)平(ping)臺(tai)對(dui)性(xing)能(neng)及穩定(ding)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)要求。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)按照信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)程(cheng)度(du)可(ke)分為三種管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)階段(duan):基于(yu)(yu)人工手動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)階段(duan),即通過手動(dong)書(shu)面(mian)作業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據、設(she)備(bei)和(he)人員(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li);基于(yu)(yu)單個(ge)計算機(ji)(ji)來管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)階段(duan),計算機(ji)(ji)之間(jian)彼(bi)此孤(gu)立(li),數(shu)(shu)據不開放、不共享、信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)不同(tong)步(bu);基于(yu)(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)綜合管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)平(ping)臺(tai)階段(duan),綜合運用(yong)云(yun)計算、大數(shu)(shu)據,物(wu)聯網等(deng)(deng)(deng)手段(duan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)綜合管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。目前(qian),部(bu)分新升(sheng)格高職院(yuan)校,由(you)于(yu)(yu)長期處(chu)在(zai)(zai)中職(專)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)層(ceng)次,在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)綜合管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)還處(chu)于(yu)(yu)手工,或計算機(ji)(ji)單機(ji)(ji)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)階段(duan),存在(zai)(zai)諸多(duo)亟待解決的(de)(de)(de)問題。系部(bu)教(jiao)(jiao)務人員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)安排、教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)安排上手動(dong)工作繁(fan)鎖,容易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)錯排、排重等(deng)(deng)(deng)情(qing)況;實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)使用(yong)情(qing)況、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)儀(yi)器設(she)備(bei)、耗(hao)(hao)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)限于(yu)(yu)本地靜(jing)態管(guan)理(li)(li)(li),外網不能(neng)對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)儀(yi)器設(she)備(bei)狀(zhuang)態進(jin)(jin)(jin)行有效查詢;電(dian)類(lei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)耗(hao)(hao)材(cai)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)隨意性(xing)較大,容易(yi)造成(cheng)耗(hao)(hao)材(cai)丟(diu)失、浪費;電(dian)類(lei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)全過程(cheng)僅能(neng)在(zai)(zai)課(ke)內有教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)監督的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)依托實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)開展,沒有條件實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)課(ke)后自主開展實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan),也(ye)不能(neng)對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)資(zi)源(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行遠程(cheng)訪問;各(ge)個(ge)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)下(xia)獨(du)立(li)運行,實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)之間(jian)容易(yi)形成(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)孤(gu)島(dao)。
2綜合(he)管(guan)理平臺設計方案(an)
開(kai)(kai)放(fang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)化綜合(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)臺以實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)主(zhu)體,針對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)類(lei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)性特點(dian),集(ji)(ji)成中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)門(men)(men)(men)戶(hu)網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、門(men)(men)(men)禁考(kao)勤(qin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、網(wang)(wang)絡電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)產管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)個(ge)模塊,形(xing)成信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)臺整(zheng)體架(jia)構。網(wang)(wang)絡電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)應(ying)滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)類(lei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在開(kai)(kai)放(fang)、共(gong)享期(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)障要(yao)求。平(ping)臺根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)不(bu)同角色(se)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)定功(gong)能應(ying)用范圍及相(xiang)關權(quan)(quan)限。信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)化綜合(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)臺運行(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境應(ying)包(bao)括支持(chi)用戶(hu)數2萬以上(shang),服務(wu)(wu)器操作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)采用WindowsServer,數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)采用MySQL,客戶(hu)端運行(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境應(ying)包(bao)含(han)(han)(han)所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)、手(shou)機(ji)終端系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。2.1中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)門(men)(men)(men)戶(hu)網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)門(men)(men)(men)戶(hu)網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)對(dui)外的(de)(de)窗口(kou),是實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)、共(gong)享的(de)(de)入(ru)口(kou)。門(men)(men)(men)戶(hu)網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)界面設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計應(ying)簡(jian)單(dan)大(da)方(fang)(fang),各導(dao)航按(an)鈕一(yi)目了(le)然。門(men)(men)(men)戶(hu)網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)應(ying)包(bao)括教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)四(si)類(lei)權(quan)(quan)限登(deng)(deng)(deng)陸入(ru)口(kou)。門(men)(men)(men)戶(hu)網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主(zhu)導(dao)航欄應(ying)該包(bao)括首(shou)頁(ye)(ye)、中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)介紹、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)隊伍、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體制、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)儀(yi)器、網(wang)(wang)絡資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)新聞等(deng)(deng)內容。在首(shou)頁(ye)(ye)顯著位(wei)置應(ying)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)選課(ke)入(ru)口(kou)、網(wang)(wang)上(shang)答疑(yi)入(ru)口(kou)等(deng)(deng)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)入(ru)口(kou)。2.2教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)允許教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)身(shen)份登(deng)(deng)(deng)錄(lu)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)登(deng)(deng)(deng)錄(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)后,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)專業人才培(pei)養方(fang)(fang)案、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)程(cheng)大(da)綱等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)文件,添加課(ke)程(cheng)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)庫(ku)(ku)。課(ke)程(cheng)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)庫(ku)(ku)包(bao)含(han)(han)(han)課(ke)程(cheng)代(dai)碼(ma)、課(ke)程(cheng)名稱、課(ke)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分、開(kai)(kai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)年級(ji)(ji)、開(kai)(kai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)、任課(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)基本(ben)(ben)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內的(de)(de)課(ke)程(cheng)安(an)(an)排(pai)導(dao)出(chu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)課(ke)程(cheng)總表(biao),提供根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、課(ke)程(cheng)、班級(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)不(bu)同需要(yao)打(da)印課(ke)程(cheng)表(biao)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)按(an)照(zhao)年級(ji)(ji)或學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式查看(kan)(kan)所開(kai)(kai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)程(cheng)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)登(deng)(deng)(deng)錄(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)后,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)查看(kan)(kan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)安(an)(an)排(pai)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)排(pai)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、門(men)(men)(men)禁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、批(pi)改(gai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)報(bao)告、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成績。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)登(deng)(deng)(deng)錄(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)后,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)查看(kan)(kan)本(ben)(ben)人課(ke)表(biao)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、填寫(xie)提交實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)報(bao)告。2.3實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)含(han)(han)(han)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)借(jie)出(chu)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)使用情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)等(deng)(deng)內容。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)登(deng)(deng)(deng)錄(lu),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)介紹、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)儀(yi)器名稱數量(liang)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)數量(liang)等(deng)(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)維護(hu),對(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)借(jie)出(chu)請求進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)審(shen)(shen)核(he),提交審(shen)(shen)核(he)結果。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)登(deng)(deng)(deng)錄(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空閑情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)借(jie)出(chu)、預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)審(shen)(shen)核(he)結果查詢(xun)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)登(deng)(deng)(deng)錄(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)查看(kan)(kan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)借(jie)出(chu)狀態。2.4門(men)(men)(men)禁考(kao)勤(qin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。門(men)(men)(men)禁考(kao)勤(qin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)用于實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)域進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)去權(quan)(quan)限管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)在非上(shang)課(ke)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian),在預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)審(shen)(shen)核(he)通過的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)下(xia),刷校園一(yi)卡通進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)自動開(kai)(kai)啟工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。在學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)不(bu)成功(gong)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)下(xia),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)不(bu)能進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)域。門(men)(men)(men)禁考(kao)勤(qin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)了(le)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)身(shen)份識別、進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)記錄(lu)數據(ju)(ju)采集(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)功(gong)能。2.5網(wang)(wang)絡電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。網(wang)(wang)絡電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)含(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)遠程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)查詢(xun)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀態,遠程(cheng)開(kai)(kai)啟、關閉實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。網(wang)(wang)絡電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以保(bao)障實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在無管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)值守的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)下(xia),僅開(kai)(kai)啟預(yu)(yu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有利于電(dian)(dian)(dian)類(lei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)精(jing)細化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、安(an)(an)全(quan)運行(xing),并節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)力。2.6視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)對(dui)各個(ge)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)視(shi)頻(pin)循環(huan)(huan)(huan)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)錄(lu)像,并通過軟(ruan)件實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)按(an)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)日期(qi)回放(fang)視(shi)頻(pin)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置錄(lu)像監(jian)(jian)控(kong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)長、遠端異常報(bao)警、電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)手(shou)機(ji)端遠程(cheng)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)等(deng)(deng)功(gong)能。其中(zhong)遠端異常報(bao)警。視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與門(men)(men)(men)禁考(kao)勤(qin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)共(gong)同為(wei)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)、共(gong)享實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提供了(le)安(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)障。2.7實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)料管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)料管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)重要(yao)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節,實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)料管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分為(wei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)儀(yi)器管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與耗(hao)(hao)(hao)材管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)兩個(ge)模塊。電(dian)(dian)(dian)類(lei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)器、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)具、耗(hao)(hao)(hao)材較多(duo),實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)儀(yi)器管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)包(bao)含(han)(han)(han)資(zi)(zi)產建賬、報(bao)廢、報(bao)失、維修(xiu)、總賬、盤點(dian)等(deng)(deng);實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)材管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)包(bao)含(han)(han)(han)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)材采購、入(ru)庫(ku)(ku)、領用、報(bao)廢、掛失、庫(ku)(ku)存等(deng)(deng)功(gong)能。設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)料管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有利于實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)國有資(zi)(zi)產規范化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),提高(gao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)儀(yi)器設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)利用率,避免耗(hao)(hao)(hao)材浪費。
3結語
開放(fang)實(shi)驗(yan)室信息(xi)化綜合管(guan)理平(ping)臺(tai)是高等(deng)職(zhi)業(ye)院校加強(qiang)內(nei)涵建設,創新發展的(de)重要路徑。本平(ping)臺(tai)設計方(fang)案是在調研本科院校國家級(ji)虛擬仿真實(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)心、實(shi)驗(yan)教學中(zhong)心信息(xi)化建設提供商、高等(deng)職(zhi)業(ye)院校實(shi)驗(yan)室的(de)基礎上,結合高等(deng)職(zhi)業(ye)院校以(yi)及(ji)我校實(shi)驗(yan)室管(guan)理實(shi)際,提出的(de)一套基于信息(xi)化建設的(de)整體設計方(fang)案,供以(yi)后相(xiang)關平(ping)臺(tai)論證、建設時做決策(ce)參考(kao)。
作者:李杰 單(dan)位(wei):成(cheng)都工貿職業技術(shu)學院(yuan)
參考文獻
[1]楊威.高校開放實驗室建設與管理(li)體制(zhi)探究[J].實驗技術與管理(li),2016(23):255-257.
[2]李昌(chang)祿.高校(xiao)實(shi)驗(yan)室信(xin)息化(hua)綜合管理系統(tong)的設(she)計與分析[J].高校(xiao)實(shi)驗(yan)室工作研(yan)究2013(09):59-61.
[3]楊少瑕.開(kai)放式實(shi)驗室(shi)綜合信息(xi)管(guan)理系統[J].黑(hei)龍江科技信息(xi),2016(32):192.
[4]彭(peng)飛(fei).軍(jun)隊院(yuan)校實(shi)(shi)驗室信(xin)息(xi)綜合(he)管理平臺設計[J].實(shi)(shi)驗室研究與探(tan)索,2014(03):228-231.
[5]劉浩.中小學數字化校園綜合管理平臺(tai)建設過程中應該注意的幾個問題(ti)[J].中國教育(yu)技術裝備,2014(19):41-42.
篇4
關鍵詞(ci):Web信息系統;電(dian)子商(shang)務系統;開發方法
1.主流電子商務(wu)系統開發(fa)方法的歷史演變
電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是多媒體(ti)、基于Web的信(xin)(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)與(yu)其他類(lei)型的信(xin)(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)樣,電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)需要(yao)有符合自己(ji)特點(dian)的分(fen)析(xi)(xi)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。正確(que)地分(fen)析(xi)(xi)和設計(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)得以正確(que)實施的條件之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。從(cong)20世(shi)紀90年代(dai)初,研究人員已開始對Web信(xin)(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的分(fen)析(xi)(xi)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行研究;雖然研究成果層出不窮,但是大都還(huan)處在理論研究階段,只有極(ji)其少數得到了一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的應用(yong);并且(qie),目前的電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)還(huan)沒有出現(xian)類(lei)似于當年的結構化(hua)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)那樣占據統(tong)治地位(wei)的分(fen)析(xi)(xi)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)[1],這也說(shuo)明還(huan)沒有出現(xian)一(yi)(yi)個令業界公認的、完善(shan)的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。因此(ci),急需對主(zhu)流(liu)的分(fen)析(xi)(xi)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行比較,分(fen)析(xi)(xi)各自的優(you)劣勢,取長補短,不斷完善(shan)。
從(cong)軟件工(gong)程領域來看,電(dian)子商務系(xi)統(tong)(tong)又(you)被認為是一(yi)種多媒體系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、Web信息系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。因此,目(mu)(mu)前電(dian)子商務系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)開(kai)發方(fang)法與Web信息系(xi)統(tong)(tong)開(kai)發方(fang)法幾乎(hu)是等(deng)同(tong)的(de)(de)詞匯和內涵[1]。本文(wen)也將這兩(liang)個概(gai)念混用。目(mu)(mu)前,國際上許多學者正在從(cong)事這方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)研究工(gong)作(zuo),同(tong)時也取得(de)了一(yi)些研究成果(guo),并創建了一(yi)批適合于電(dian)子商務應用系(xi)統(tong)(tong)開(kai)發的(de)(de)開(kai)發方(fang)法。
1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),Halasz和(he)Schwartz提(ti)(ti)出了(le)Dexter(DexterHypertextReferenceModel)[2]。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)Garzotto[3]提(ti)(ti)出HDM(HypermediaDesignMethod),它(ta)建立(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)E2R模型基礎上;1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)Fraternali&Paolini發展了(le)HDM,提(ti)(ti)出了(le)HDM-Lite[4],它(ta)特別應用于Web信息系統。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)Isakowitz提(ti)(ti)出RMM(RelationshipManagementMethodology)[5],它(ta)是建立(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)E2R和(he)HDM的(de)(de)基礎上;1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)Lee等人在(zai)(zai)(zai)RMM基礎上又提(ti)(ti)出了(le)VHDM(View2basedHypermediaDesignMethodology)[6]。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)Rumbaugh提(ti)(ti)出了(le)OMT(TheObjectModelingTechnique)方法[7];1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)Lange針對OMT的(de)(de)不足(zu),提(ti)(ti)出了(le)EORM(EnhancedObject2RelationshipModel)[8]。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)Schwabe和(he)Rossi提(ti)(ti)出了(le)OOHDM(Object2OrientedHypermediaDesignModel)[9],它(ta)建立(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)OO的(de)(de)基礎上,發展了(le)HDM的(de)(de)思想;1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)Schwabe將原(yuan)型化方法融(rong)入OOHDM方法,提(ti)(ti)出了(le)OOHDM2Web方法[10]。20世紀(ji)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代末,面(mian)向用戶需求的(de)(de)開發方法引起廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)重視。1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),DeTroyer和(he)Leune提(ti)(ti)出了(le)WSDM(WebSiteDesignMethod)[11];1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),Bajaj和(he)K.Siau提(ti)(ti)出了(le)CMU2WEB(ConceptualModelforUsableWebApplications)[12];1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),Lee等人提(ti)(ti)出了(le)SOHDM(Scenario-basedObject2OrientedHypermediaDesignMethodology)[13]。
在研(yan)究各種開(kai)發方法的同時,許多研(yan)究者也重視開(kai)發方法的實用性,研(yan)究了支持開(kai)發方法的輔助開(kai)發工(gong)具,比(bi)較著名的是Fraternali和Paolini等人提出了Autoweb[14]。
2.電子商務系統開發方法的比(bi)較框架(jia)
2.1框架建(jian)立的依據
Lee[13]曾經對主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子商務系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)進行過簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)研究,其(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)角度是開發(fa)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)劃分,但他只列出(chu)了各種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan),并沒有(you)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)。本(ben)研究試(shi)圖對開發(fa)過程進行詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao),從以下兩個方(fang)面(mian)考慮,提(ti)出(chu)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)框架。首先,按(an)照軟件工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa),系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)一般是結(jie)構(gou)(gou)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程,特(te)別是像電(dian)(dian)子商務系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)這(zhe)樣大(da)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)開發(fa)。其(qi)次,電(dian)(dian)子商務系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)有(you)其(qi)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)性(xing)。Baskerville[15]經過對若干(gan)電(dian)(dian)子商務系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)過程比(bi)(bi)較(jiao),總結(jie)了開發(fa)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點,包括:開發(fa)周(zhou)期短、需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不確定(ding)性(xing)、原型化方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、不斷升級版本(ben)、開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并行性(xing)、固定(ding)設計架構(gou)(gou)、以各自(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風格(ge)編寫程序、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可協商性(xing)、依靠(kao)優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)人員(yuan)、需(xu)要新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)來整合資源。
根據以上(shang)的考慮,將(jiang)電(dian)子商務系(xi)統開發(fa)方法的比較框架設計為四個層(ceng)次(ci):全局(ju)層(ceng)、概念設計層(ceng)、導航設計層(ceng)和系(xi)統實施層(ceng)。
2.2全局層
全局(ju)層(ceng)是從整體的(de)(de)角度(du),分(fen)析和比較(jiao)各(ge)開(kai)發方(fang)法的(de)(de)設計和開(kai)發特點。在這個(ge)(ge)層(ceng)次(ci)上比較(jiao)的(de)(de)方(fang)面包括:開(kai)發階(jie)段(duan)、每個(ge)(ge)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出結果以及整個(ge)(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)中CASE的(de)(de)支持程(cheng)度(du)。開(kai)發階(jie)段(duan)比較(jiao)各(ge)開(kai)發方(fang)法是否涵蓋所有的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)開(kai)發階(jie)段(duan),一個(ge)(ge)電子商務(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)典型(xing)的(de)(de)開(kai)發階(jie)段(duan)應該包括:需求(qiu)分(fen)析階(jie)段(duan)、概(gai)念設計階(jie)段(duan)、導航設計階(jie)段(duan)、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)實(shi)施階(jie)段(duan)和系(xi)統(tong)(tong)維護階(jie)段(duan)。
當然,并不能(neng)單單依(yi)靠一種開發(fa)(fa)方(fang)法所能(neng)涵(han)蓋的(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)多少來簡單評價開發(fa)(fa)方(fang)法的(de)(de)優劣,還需要(yao)考察開發(fa)(fa)方(fang)法對各(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)的(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)。因此,各(ge)(ge)(ge)級段(duan)輸(shu)出結(jie)果(guo)比(bi)較(jiao)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)各(ge)(ge)(ge)開發(fa)(fa)方(fang)法是(shi)否能(neng)夠清晰地輸(shu)出系統開發(fa)(fa)各(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)以及這些(xie)結(jie)果(guo)是(shi)否有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)可讀性(xing)。開發(fa)(fa)環境支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)的(de)(de)比(bi)較(jiao)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)各(ge)(ge)(ge)開發(fa)(fa)方(fang)法是(shi)否在(zai)電子(zi)商務系統開發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)都能(neng)夠提供CASE工(gong)具進(jin)行支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)。
2.3概念設計層
概念設計層(ceng)是(shi)電子商務系(xi)統開發的(de)第一層(ceng)次,是(shi)整個開發過程(cheng)的(de)基礎,涵蓋從(cong)系(xi)統需求分析到(dao)系(xi)統概念模型建立的(de)所(suo)有階段。在這個層(ceng)次上比較的(de)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)包括(kuo):設計驅動方(fang)(fang)式和對網絡資源和媒體的(de)支持。
電子商務系統設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)方式主(zhu)要(yao)分為兩種(zhong):數(shu)據(ju)(ju)驅動(dong)(dong)和模(mo)型(xing)驅動(dong)(dong)。數(shu)據(ju)(ju)驅動(dong)(dong)是(shi)結構化設(she)(she)計(ji)思想(xiang)下的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)方式;模(mo)型(xing)驅動(dong)(dong)則是(shi)采用面向對象(xiang)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)思想(xiang)。
電子商(shang)(shang)務系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)與傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)信(xin)(xin)息系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)最重要的(de)一個區別在于(yu)電子商(shang)(shang)務系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)能夠充分利用網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)資源(yuan)(yuan),以多(duo)種(zhong)媒(mei)體方式表現信(xin)(xin)息。對網(wang)絡(luo)資源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)媒(mei)體的(de)支(zhi)持(chi)考察(cha)的(de)主要內(nei)容就(jiu)是電子商(shang)(shang)務系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)開發(fa)方法(fa)對網(wang)絡(luo)資源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)媒(mei)體的(de)支(zhi)持(chi)方式,即這些開發(fa)方法(fa)是如何表示和(he)組(zu)織(zhi)諸如圖(tu)像(xiang)、聲音、視(shi)頻、文本等信(xin)(xin)息的(de)。
2.4導航設計層
導航設計是電子商(shang)務(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)開(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性,也可稱為動態設計。在(zai)這個層(ceng)次(ci)(ci)上(shang),開(kai)發(fa)人(ren)員(yuan)需要為概念設計層(ceng)次(ci)(ci)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實體、對(dui)象、關系(xi)(xi)以及信(xin)息建立(li)符合系(xi)(xi)統(tong)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)導航路(lu)徑和(he)鏈接(jie)。在(zai)這個層(ceng)次(ci)(ci)上(shang)主(zhu)要比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)鏈接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式和(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)訪問(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)鏈接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式主(zhu)要比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)開(kai)發(fa)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)對(dui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)各節(jie)(jie)點(dian)之間、各種信(xin)息之間以及節(jie)(jie)點(dian)和(he)信(xin)息之間關系(xi)(xi)傳(chuan)遞的(de)(de)(de)(de)支持程度。比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)中(zhong)還將引入一些情況(kuang)來測試這些開(kai)發(fa)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)是否能夠完全或者部分(fen)地表(biao)現系(xi)(xi)統(tong)同(tong)步、頁面生成、外部鏈接(jie)等特(te)殊(shu)情況(kuang)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)訪問(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)是分(fen)析(xi)和(he)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)各開(kai)發(fa)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)對(dui)于電子商(shang)務(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)訪問(wen)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義(yi)方(fang)式和(he)設置環境。在(zai)這一項的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)中(zhong),主(zhu)要從訪問(wen)單元和(he)訪問(wen)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)兩個方(fang)面進行(xing)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)。
2.5系統實施層
系統(tong)(tong)實施(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)將(jiang)(jiang)從一個(ge)電子商(shang)務系統(tong)(tong)物(wu)(wu)理實施(shi)的層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)上進行分析和比較,在這個(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)次上,開發(fa)人(ren)員將(jiang)(jiang)利用開發(fa)方法(fa)提供的各種工具將(jiang)(jiang)前面(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)上形成的邏輯模型轉(zhuan)換成實際(ji)的物(wu)(wu)理系統(tong)(tong),從而完(wan)成一個(ge)電子商(shang)務系統(tong)(tong)的建設工作。在這個(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)次上比較的方面(mian)主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo):
1)系統(tong)的物理表現形(xing)式
主要(yao)研(yan)(yan)究各開發方法(fa)是(shi)否(fou)涵蓋從邏輯模型生成物理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)過程,如果涵蓋的(de)(de)(de)話,那么它們分別是(shi)如何來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)這個過程的(de)(de)(de),主要(yao)通過研(yan)(yan)究物理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)客戶(hu)端(duan)和服務器端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)情況、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)數據庫的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)情況和系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)事件的(de)(de)(de)處理方式來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)評估。
2)系統(tong)生成的自動化程(cheng)度(du)
主要研究各(ge)開發方法在將(jiang)邏(luo)輯模型轉換成(cheng)(cheng)物理系(xi)統(tong)的(de)過程(cheng)中,對(dui)自動生成(cheng)(cheng)頁(ye)面(mian)的(de)支持程(cheng)度。主要對(dui)從(cong)數(shu)據庫生成(cheng)(cheng)動態頁(ye)面(mian)的(de)支持度和從(cong)模板生成(cheng)(cheng)靜態頁(ye)面(mian)的(de)支持度進行(xing)測試。
篇5
關鍵詞: 畢業論(lun)文(設計) 網(wang)絡平臺 不同流向人(ren)才 持(chi)續發(fa)展能力(li)
教(jiao)(jiao)育部(bu)辦公廳在(zai)關于加強普通高(gao)等學校(xiao)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通知(zhi)(教(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)廳[2004]14號)中明確要(yao)求,必(bi)須(xu)(xu)加強普通高(gao)等學校(xiao)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))工(gong)作,充(chong)分認(ren)識畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)意(yi)義。隨著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)社會經(jing)濟(ji)多(duo)(duo)(duo)元化(hua)(hua)發展,人(ren)才(cai)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)需求和(he)(he)(he)大學生(sheng)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)重(zhong)局勢,許多(duo)(duo)(duo)高(gao)等學校(xiao)適時調(diao)整(zheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)培養(yang)模式(shi),使(shi)(shi)得(de)大學生(sheng)擇業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)觀念現實化(hua)(hua),人(ren)才(cai)流(liu)向多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)(hua)。例如(ru)一些高(gao)師院校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)擇業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)思路初步形(xing)成(cheng)了四個流(liu)向:考(kao)研(yan)深造(zao)型(xing)、應用技(ji)術型(xing)、中學任(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)改行(xing)跳(tiao)槽型(xing)。不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨向和(he)(he)(he)追求,使(shi)(shi)得(de)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)對(dui)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)、功(gong)底(di)和(he)(he)(he)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性(xing)有(you)了更為清醒(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識與感悟,進(jin)而渴望(wang)在(zai)校(xiao)期間能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)通過某(mou)一特(te)定(ding)方式(shi)例如(ru)撰寫畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)來(lai)凝練競爭優勢,提升創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)才(cai)干,把(ba)自己(ji)打造(zao)得(de)更為“牛氣(qi)”一些,業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已成(cheng)為眾多(duo)(duo)(duo)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共鳴(ming)心聲。這意(yi)味著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))工(gong)作面臨著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)挑戰與壓(ya)力,既被寄予(yu)了厚(hou)望(wang)又被賦予(yu)了重(zhong)任(ren),所以畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))必(bi)須(xu)(xu)彰顯鮮明特(te)色和(he)(he)(he)蘊蓄深厚(hou)內涵(han)。顯而易(yi)見,畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撰寫過程和(he)(he)(he)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)質(zhi)(zhi)量,對(dui)他們未來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與發展將會產(chan)生(sheng)非常深遠(有(you)時候甚(shen)至是決定(ding)性(xing))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。如(ru)何才(cai)能(neng)(neng)把(ba)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)過程變成(cheng)培養(yang)學生(sheng)成(cheng)熟與成(cheng)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程呢?為此,我(wo)們提出(chu)了“構建以現代化(hua)(hua)網絡(luo)為載體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))平臺,用以培養(yang)不同(tong)流(liu)向人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自適應能(neng)(neng)力、創新能(neng)(neng)力和(he)(he)(he)持續發展能(neng)(neng)力”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究課(ke)題,并就此進(jin)行(xing)了有(you)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究與探索(suo)。
一、目前(qian)畢業論文(wen)(設計)中存在的主要問題及(ji)原因分(fen)析
1.目前畢業論文(設計)中(zhong)存在的主(zhu)要問題
(1)選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)不當(dang)。選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)不當(dang)甚至(zhi)是(shi)不會選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。相當(dang)一部分畢業論(lun)文(wen)選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)缺乏前(qian)沿性、價值性和可行性。有(you)(you)些(xie)論(lun)文(wen)的(de)選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)過(guo)大,沒有(you)(you)實現的(de)可能(neng)性;有(you)(you)些(xie)論(lun)文(wen)選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)過(guo)窄,沒有(you)(you)理論(lun)價值和應(ying)用前(qian)景。
(2)內容(rong)平淡(dan)。論文內容(rong)平淡(dan)一(yi)般,多(duo)是羅列別家之說(shuo),缺乏自己的(de)創(chuang)新點。
(3)論證(zheng)不嚴密。有些畢業論文觀點模(mo)糊,而且(qie)在提出問題、分(fen)(fen)析問題和解決(jue)問題這一(yi)研(yan)究過程中(zhong)沒(mei)有邏輯分(fen)(fen)析、歸(gui)納與(yu)綜合(he),沒(mei)有給出合(he)理的解釋(shi)。
(4)不(bu)會使用參(can)考文獻。有的學生熱(re)衷于寫綜述,但卻(que)不(bu)會使用參(can)考文獻,即使引(yin)用也多是較為陳舊的專(zhuan)著和材料(liao),未能反映出本領域國內外最(zui)新研(yan)究成果和最(zui)新發展(zhan)趨勢。
(5)格式(shi)不規(gui)范。許多(duo)學(xue)生(sheng)不遵守論(lun)文用(yong)紙(zhi)格式(shi)、字(zi)體、摘要、關鍵詞、各級標題編號等(deng)(deng)要求,不重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)前言、附錄(lu)及結尾部分(fen)等(deng)(deng)整體結構,嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響(xiang)論(lun)文質量。
2.畢(bi)業論(lun)文(wen)(設計)質量不高的(de)原因分析
(1)目的不明(ming)確。為什么要寫畢業(ye)(ye)論文(wen),畢業(ye)(ye)論文(wen)與(yu)學(xue)業(ye)(ye)水平(ping)和學(xue)位證書之(zhi)間有何關系,畢業(ye)(ye)論文(wen)與(yu)自己的未(wei)來發展之(zhi)間有何聯系,在部分學(xue)生心(xin)目中并不清楚,因而重視程度不夠。
(2)論文選題較(jiao)晚(wan)。畢(bi)業論文(設計)工(gong)作部署(shu)較(jiao)晚(wan),很多部門都是(shi)在第8學期開學才進(jin)行安排,頻(pin)繁(fan)的(de)(de)任務加上沉重的(de)(de)就業壓力與考(kao)研(yan)復試,使學生(sheng)沒有良好的(de)(de)心態、充分的(de)(de)時間和充沛的(de)(de)精力撰(zhuan)寫畢(bi)業論文。
(3)導師(shi)指導不(bu)力。導師(shi)教(jiao)學、科研(yan)任務繁重,難(nan)得(de)與學生見幾次面,師(shi)生之(zhi)間無法進行有效的學術交(jiao)流。無論是對學生論文(wen)選題方向的把握、選題價(jia)值(zhi)的審(shen)查(cha),還是科學實驗研(yan)究(jiu)和畢業論文(wen)寫(xie)作過程,導師(shi)只能疲于應付。
(4)圖書館、資料室(shi)的文獻信(xin)息資源沒有(you)充分利用。文獻檢(jian)索(suo)與應用能力是學(xue)生(sheng)寫(xie)好(hao)畢(bi)業論文的前提和基(ji)礎(chu)。一些(xie)(xie)學(xue)生(sheng)信(xin)息素質不高(gao),沒有(you)掌握基(ji)本的文獻檢(jian)索(suo)方(fang)法。有(you)些(xie)(xie)學(xue)生(sheng)的網絡檢(jian)索(suo)方(fang)法比較單一、低級,在(zai)茫(mang)茫(mang)的信(xin)息海洋中無從下手,瀏覽時間不少(shao)但(dan)獲取的信(xin)息有(you)限。
二(er)、畢業論(lun)文(設計(ji))網絡平臺的模塊化構成(cheng)及其功能
1.網絡平臺的概念
網絡平臺(tai),又(you)稱網絡支持平臺(tai),既(ji)包括承(cheng)載網絡的(de)(de)硬件設施、設備,又(you)包括建立(li)在(zai)Internet基(ji)礎之(zhi)上為網絡運(yun)行提供(gong)全(quan)面支持服務(wu)的(de)(de)軟件系(xi)統(tong)。高(gao)校中的(de)(de)實驗室、計算機(ji)機(ji)房(fang)、圖書(shu)館、教職工住宅、學生宿舍等場合(he),網絡平臺(tai)非常普(pu)及。
2.網(wang)絡平臺的(de)模(mo)塊(kuai)化(hua)構成(cheng)
當前高等教育發展理(li)念(nian)發生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)戰(zhan)略性轉變,全面(mian)提(ti)高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)成為(wei)高等教育的(de)核心(xin)任務,必(bi)須把質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)意(yi)識(shi)體現到具(ju)體工(gong)作(zuo)中。為(wei)了(le)有效提(ti)高畢(bi)業論(lun)文質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),我們貫徹以學生(sheng)(sheng)發展為(wei)本的(de)教育理(li)念(nian),以畢(bi)業論(lun)文(設計)工(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)線,以培養不同(tong)流向學生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)自適應(ying)(ying)能(neng)力、創新能(neng)力和(he)持(chi)續發展能(neng)力為(wei)核心(xin),以現有的(de)實(shi)驗(yan)室網絡為(wei)基(ji)礎,構(gou)建了(le)由(you)學術研究型、應(ying)(ying)用(yong)技術型、中學執教型、其他擇業型等四大模塊組(zu)成的(de)網絡平臺。
(1)學(xue)術研(yan)究型。為準(zhun)備考(kao)研(yan)深造的(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng)提供(gong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種環境(jing),或(huo)者說是幾(ji)個網(wang)絡(luo)數據庫(ku)。其中(zhong)包含一(yi)(yi)(yi)些大學(xue)生(sheng)科(ke)技(ji)創新的(de)(de)資料,與(yu)考(kao)研(yan)方(fang)向(xiang)密(mi)切(qie)相關(guan)的(de)(de)本科(ke)畢(bi)業論(lun)文資料,以及一(yi)(yi)(yi)些課題資料和與(yu)此(ci)相關(guan)的(de)(de)使用方(fang)法和要求。
(2)應用(yong)技(ji)術型(xing)。為畢業(ye)后準備到廠礦、企(qi)事業(ye)單位,公司、研究所(suo)等上崗(gang)就業(ye)的(de)(de)學(xue)生準備的(de)(de)數(shu)據資(zi)料(liao)庫(ku)。理工科(ke)類側重于(yu)(yu)實驗技(ji)能、技(ji)術設計(ji)、工藝(yi)流程(cheng)等實用(yong)技(ji)術資(zi)料(liao),文(wen)史科(ke)類則側重于(yu)(yu)計(ji)算機(ji)使用(yong)、管(guan)理科(ke)學(xue)及(ji)與其專業(ye)相關的(de)(de)文(wen)檔資(zi)料(liao)。
(3)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)執(zhi)教(jiao)型。為準備(bei)到中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)任教(jiao)的學(xue)生提供(gong)的網絡資源。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有教(jiao)育理念、新課改標準、教(jiao)學(xue)技(ji)能、中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)教(jiao)師素質、教(jiao)育科學(xue)研究等相關資料。
(4)其他(ta)擇業型。為畢業后打算(suan)從事其他(ta)工作(例如有(you)的想參軍,有(you)的想支邊,有(you)的想當(dang)村官(guan),有(you)的想考公務(wu)員)的學生(sheng)提供(gong)的一些參考資源(yuan)。
3.網絡平臺的(de)功能
(1)信息提(ti)供功能。根據模塊的(de)不同(tong)特(te)點,提(ti)供有(you)關信息,學生可以在(zai)此領域內比較方便地搜(sou)尋到自己所(suo)需要的(de)資料,既避免(mian)盲目性(xing),又節(jie)省時間。
(2)師(shi)生(sheng)互(hu)(hu)動功能。在畢業論(lun)文整(zheng)個撰寫過程中,學生(sheng)之間(jian)、師(shi)生(sheng)之間(jian)可以通過平臺相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)協商、相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)討論(lun)、相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)溝通。甚至學生(sheng)可以在宿舍(she),教師(shi)在實(shi)驗室、辦公室或(huo)者在家里,都可以相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)交換信(xin)息。
(3)論文(wen)評閱(yue)功(gong)能。在(zai)論文(wen)上(shang)交之(zhi)后,導師和評閱(yue)小組可以對(dui)論文(wen)進(jin)行評審。
(4)管理(li)功能(neng)。對(dui)畢(bi)業論文(wen)(設(she)計)的電子文(wen)檔進(jin)行科(ke)學管理(li),方(fang)便論文(wen)的借閱、抽查和驗收等(deng)工作。
(5)遠程服(fu)務功能(neng)。為畢(bi)業離校的(de)學生(sheng)保(bao)留的(de)一片(pian)網絡空間。畢(bi)業生(sheng)在走上新的(de)工作(zuo)崗位后,仍(reng)然(ran)可以(yi)利用網絡平臺(tai)從事相關的(de)研究工作(zuo),母(mu)校永遠是他們的(de)大本營。
三、畢業論文(設計)工作的(de)分段實施與學生持續發(fa)展(zhan)能力的(de)培養(yang)
1.畢(bi)業(ye)論文(設計)題(ti)目初(chu)選階段
從大(da)三第一學期(qi)開(kai)始(shi),學生除(chu)了公共必(bi)修(xiu)課(ke)之外,選修(xiu)課(ke)已經(jing)呈(cheng)現出分流趨勢。從這(zhe)學期(qi)開(kai)始(shi),召開(kai)畢業(ye)論文(設計)工作動員大(da)會(hui),部署畢業(ye)論文(設計)工作并安排網(wang)絡平臺知識講座,同時(shi)在(zai)網(wang)絡上公示導師的(de)(de)基本情況及研(yan)究方向,讓學生進入畢業(ye)論文(設計)題目的(de)(de)初選階段(duan)。此舉(ju)旨在(zai)喚醒學生的(de)(de)自適應意識,當學生的(de)(de)流向確定(ding)后,初步培養學生的(de)(de)文獻調研(yan)能力和在(zai)“海選”中擇(ze)定(ding)課(ke)題類型與范圍的(de)(de)能力。
2.題目正選階段
經過(guo)(guo)一(yi)個學期的(de)醞釀、調研,到(dao)大三第二學期開始(shi),畢業論文(設計)題(ti)目進入(ru)正(zheng)選(xuan)階(jie)段。此(ci)(ci)時學生(sheng)(sheng)、導師利用網絡平臺進行雙向(xiang)選(xuan)擇予以(yi)確定并(bing)適時舉行開題(ti)報告。若經過(guo)(guo)一(yi)段時間的(de)接(jie)觸師生(sheng)(sheng)感到(dao)彼此(ci)(ci)不適,還可(ke)妥善予以(yi)調整(zheng)。此(ci)(ci)舉旨在(zai)實(shi)現(xian)個性發展(zhan)、優(you)生(sheng)(sheng)優(you)培,培養學生(sheng)(sheng)清醒認識自己進而優(you)選(xuan)課題(ti)的(de)能(neng)力(li)。此(ci)(ci)后學生(sheng)(sheng)根據題(ti)目的(de)不同要求,分別進入(ru)到(dao)實(shi)驗室、研究所或相(xiang)關單位獲(huo)取信息,鍛煉實(shi)戰能(neng)力(li)。
3.畢(bi)業(ye)論文(wen)(設計)撰寫階(jie)段
大(da)學四年(nian)級(ji)第一(yi)(yi)學期,進入畢(bi)業論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))撰(zhuan)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)階段。在這一(yi)(yi)學期開初,要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)學生填(tian)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)“畢(bi)業論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))任務書”,并由導(dao)(dao)師(shi)簽字認可。任務書的(de)基本內(nei)容為:論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)題目;論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))的(de)主要(yao)(yao)任務及目標(biao);論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))的(de)主要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容;論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))的(de)基本要(yao)(yao)求(qiu);論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)將(jiang)要(yao)(yao)使用的(de)主要(yao)(yao)參考文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian);撰(zhuan)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)進度安排等項要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。然后學生根據自己積累的(de)資(zi)料,在導(dao)(dao)師(shi)的(de)指導(dao)(dao)下,完成論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)作。此舉意在培養學生的(de)研究(jiu)能力(li)、創新能力(li)和寫(xie)(xie)(xie)作能力(li)。
4.畢(bi)業論(lun)文(wen)(設計)評(ping)審階段
學(xue)生(sheng)的畢業論(lun)文(電(dian)子稿)上交(jiao)后,由(you)導師(shi)組成的評審(shen)組利用網(wang)絡平臺進(jin)行評閱,以(yi)確定論(lun)文能否進(jin)行答辯。若(ruo)未達到(dao)要求,將及時反(fan)饋給(gei)學(xue)生(sheng)進(jin)行修改并限(xian)時返回修改稿,這(zhe)又為學(xue)生(sheng)提供了極為寶貴的時空條件(jian)。
5.答辯階段
對合格的畢(bi)業論文(wen)(設計)(紙(zhi)質(zhi)文(wen)本)組織答(da)辯,進(jin)而評定論文(wen)成績(ji)。更進(jin)一步培養學(xue)生的演(yan)講能力(li)、答(da)辯能力(li)、思(si)維能力(li)與應變能力(li)。
6.后期督查(cha)與評優(you)階段(duan)
利用網絡平(ping)臺,學院(yuan)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)督查(cha)組(zu)(zu)對各專業學生的(de)畢業論(lun)文(設計(ji))按比例隨機抽查(cha)、驗收,并(bing)對優(you)(you)秀畢業論(lun)文進行盲(mang)審盲(mang)評(ping)(隱去導師姓名和(he)學生姓名進行審閱和(he)評(ping)選)。這樣既可以發現(xian)畢業論(lun)文中存在的(de)問題,又可以體現(xian)評(ping)優(you)(you)工作的(de)公開、公正(zheng)和(he)公平(ping)。猶如電腦系(xi)統中的(de)“防火墻”,牢牢地把住了畢業論(lun)文(設計(ji))質(zhi)量關(guan)口。
四、畢業論文(wen)(設計)工作的后續化――延(yan)伸、拓展、再發展階段(duan)
許多畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)在到達新的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)單位后(hou),由于(yu)環境、條件、任務和(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)性質的(de)(de)改(gai)變,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)倍(bei)感(gan)困難。有(you)的(de)(de)迫于(yu)無奈(nai)只好放棄,也有(you)的(de)(de)跑回(hui)母(mu)校進(jin)(jin)行(xing)求(qiu)助(zhu)。鑒于(yu)這種情況,我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)平臺(tai)繼續為畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)保(bao)留(liu)了綠色通道,特別是他們(men)的(de)(de)課題(ti)(自然科(ke)學研(yan)(yan)究或(huo)(huo)者教育(yu)科(ke)學研(yan)(yan)究)若(ruo)與畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)論文(wen)相近或(huo)(huo)相關,那他們(men)的(de)(de)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)就會如(ru)魚得水,如(ru)虎(hu)添翼,這實質上就是畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)論文(wen)(設計)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)后(hou)續化――延伸、拓展(zhan)、再發(fa)展(zhan)階段。由此可見,畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)論文(wen)(設計)在人才培養工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中確實具有(you)不可替(ti)代的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用,網(wang)絡(luo)平臺(tai)為培養學生(sheng)的(de)(de)創新能力(li)與持續發(fa)展(zhan)能力(li)提供了有(you)力(li)的(de)(de)支撐與保(bao)障。
五、總結與展望
幾(ji)年來的(de)實(shi)踐證(zheng)明,由(you)于充分發揮了高校得(de)天獨(du)厚的(de)網絡平臺優勢,使得(de)畢(bi)業論文(設(she)計)工作取(qu)得(de)了非常好的(de)成(cheng)效(xiao),論文水平得(de)到(dao)了卓有成(cheng)效(xiao)的(de)提(ti)升,學生的(de)“實(shi)戰”能力得(de)到(dao)了鍛煉,夯實(shi)了持續發展的(de)基礎,凸(tu)顯了如下主要特征(zheng)。
一(yi)是學生掌握了(le)撰寫(xie)畢業論文(wen)(wen)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)功。無論是從定(ding)題、立意到論文(wen)(wen)的整體結構,還(huan)是參考文(wen)(wen)獻的引用(yong)乃至(zhi)文(wen)(wen)本(ben)格式,都體現(xian)了(le)規(gui)范化(hua)、程序化(hua)和創新化(hua),為他(ta)們以(yi)后進行(xing)文(wen)(wen)字寫(xie)作工作奠定(ding)了(le)非常扎(zha)實的基(ji)(ji)礎。
二(er)是(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)增(zeng)強了特色創(chuang)新(xin)意識。他們(men)清醒(xing)地(di)知(zhi)道,唯有(you)注重(zhong)特色,加大就業(ye)競爭(zheng)力,才能(neng)在(zai)激烈的(de)(de)(de)市場競爭(zheng)中(zhong)取得立足之地(di)。學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)撰寫論文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)過程,既是(shi)(shi)跟著導(dao)師(shi)做學(xue)(xue)問搞研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)過程,更是(shi)(shi)礪(li)煉自己成(cheng)長成(cheng)才的(de)(de)(de)過程。所以他們(men)非(fei)常(chang)注重(zhong)學(xue)(xue)科前(qian)沿動態,敢(gan)于(yu)向高峰沖(chong)刺。如有(you)些(xie)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)論文(wen)選(xuan)題是(shi)(shi)導(dao)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)子課題,他們(men)發揮(hui)自己的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論特長,敢(gan)于(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)思維,05級就有(you)4名(ming)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)在(zai)SCI二(er)區以上(shang)刊物發表(biao)學(xue)(xue)術論文(wen)6篇。再(zai)如有(you)些(xie)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)論文(wen)選(xuan)題是(shi)(shi)教(jiao)育科學(xue)(xue)方面的(de)(de)(de)內容,他們(men)利用(yong)到中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)支教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)機會,一邊(bian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)一邊(bian)進行調研(yan)。利用(yong)網絡(luo)資源(yuan)信息,結(jie)合中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)實際(ji)情況進行研(yan)究(jiu),已有(you)數(shu)篇在(zai)《物理(li)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)》等雜(za)志上(shang)。所有(you)這(zhe)些(xie)支撐材料,既是(shi)(shi)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)征,又意味著綠燈亮光,發展道路與就業(ye)渠(qu)道暢通。
三是(shi)學(xue)生(sheng)強(qiang)化了(le)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)資源意(yi)識,他們主動(dong)提高自己獲取信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、利用信(xin)(xin)息(xi)和開發(fa)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的能力,為今后的持(chi)續發(fa)展進行了(le)鋪(pu)墊。
但(dan)在(zai)此(ci)項(xiang)工作(zuo)中,也有一(yi)(yi)些問題(ti)值(zhi)得注(zhu)意,主要是論(lun)文(wen)的(de)重復(fu)率問題(ti)。由(you)于引(yin)用資(zi)源相對集中,從論(lun)文(wen)題(ti)目到章節段落,重復(fu)是不可避免的(de),但(dan)重復(fu)率不能超過一(yi)(yi)定比例。這一(yi)(yi)點(dian)從一(yi)(yi)開始就必須給導師與學生講(jiang)清(qing)楚,并(bing)且通過文(wen)獻檢測系統軟件給予警(jing)示,以杜絕抄襲、剽竊和(he)假冒(mao)等不良行為,確保論(lun)文(wen)的(de)真實性、科學性和(he)誠信(xin)度。
總而言之,積(ji)極加(jia)大網絡平臺的(de)利(li)用(yong)和開發力度,強(qiang)化信息資源(yuan)的(de)共享和合理(li)利(li)用(yong),對于保證本科畢業論文的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)乃(nai)至教學(xue)和科研(yan)等(deng)項工作,都具有積(ji)極的(de)現實(shi)意(yi)義和深遠的(de)歷史意(yi)義。
參考文獻:
[1]白薇,常曉明(ming),楊勝強等(deng).著眼于創(chuang)新能力培養 提高(gao)畢業(ye)設計(論文(wen))質量[J].中國大學(xue)教學(xue),2007,(10).
[2]陳友華(hua),丁遠坤,高華(hua)等.提高認識(shi),強化管(guan)理(li),確保本科畢(bi)業論文(設計(ji))質量[J].中國大學教學,2006,(1).
[3]李俊(jun)龍(long),胡鋒,吉東風(feng)等.提高(gao)本(ben)科畢業論文(wen)(設(she)計)質量的探索與實踐[J].中國(guo)大學教學,2006,(8).
篇6
[關鍵詞]經濟管理(li)實驗(yan)教學建設
實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)是(shi)培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)生實(shi)踐能力、創新能力的(de)(de)重要(yao)手段(duan),是(shi)人才培養(yang)的(de)(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成部分。石河子(zi)大學(xue)(xue)經濟(ji)貿易(yi)學(xue)(xue)院經濟(ji)與管理(li)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中心(xin)是(shi)以學(xue)(xue)院農業(ye)經濟(ji)管理(li)、工商管理(li)、會計(ji)學(xue)(xue)、財務(wu)管理(li)學(xue)(xue)、市場營(ying)銷學(xue)(xue)、經濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)、國際經濟(ji)與貿易(yi)7個專(zhuan)業(ye)為主要(yao)依托,面向全校開(kai)(kai)展綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)踐教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)活動的(de)(de)平(ping)臺(tai)。目前下設(she)計(ji)算機綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、專(zhuan)業(ye)綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、會計(ji)模擬實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、商務(wu)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)和ERP沙(sha)盤模擬實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi),實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中心(xin)面積1000余平(ping)方米(mi),擁有服務(wu)器(qi)、計(ji)算機等(deng)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)設(she)備420余套,實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)軟件(jian)23套,面向大學(xue)(xue)開(kai)(kai)出(chu)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)課程(cheng)21門(men),實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)項目142個,其中綜(zong)合(he)性、設(she)計(ji)型、創新型實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)占總實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)課程(cheng)的(de)(de)86%。
一、綜合實驗教學平(ping)臺(tai)的建設(she)需求
高校經濟管(guan)理(li)類(lei)專業(ye)(ye)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)(xue)理(li)念是更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強調理(li)論教學(xue)(xue),對如何(he)將所學(xue)(xue)理(li)論知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)轉化為實(shi)(shi)踐運(yun)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力重視(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足,學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)畢業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)也比較單一,很(hen)多(duo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)對來實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)歡(huan)迎,即使接受學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng),也出于保(bao)守企(qi)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術秘密(mi)、保(bao)障生(sheng)(sheng)產安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要,不(bu)(bu)(bu)讓實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)真正動(dong)手操作,特別是財(cai)務(wu)會計(ji)(ji)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)務(wu),更是不(bu)(bu)(bu)讓其參(can)與。因(yin)此學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)下企(qi)業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)住住只看不(bu)(bu)(bu)動(dong)手,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)真正實(shi)(shi)踐所學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi),使經管(guan)類(lei)專業(ye)(ye)在學(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)用,技(ji)能(neng)(neng)訓練(lian),和實(shi)(shi)際相結合等方(fang)面(mian)存(cun)在很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足。因(yin)此,我們希望通過各(ge)(ge)種形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi),去營造一個能(neng)(neng)真實(shi)(shi)反(fan)應社(she)會經濟生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬環境,為學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)創造一個可(ke)以(yi)(yi)動(dong)手實(shi)(shi)踐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合平臺,以(yi)(yi)此來加(jia)強學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)手實(shi)(shi)踐能(neng)(neng)力。隨著計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)互聯網信息(xi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷發展,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)在計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)網絡環境中模(mo)(mo)擬經濟、管(guan)理(li)活(huo)動(dong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)項內容,讓學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)進行(xing)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)訓練(lian),做各(ge)(ge)種實(shi)(shi)驗,進行(xing)反(fan)復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)。
二、綜合實驗教(jiao)學平(ping)臺(tai)的建(jian)設思路
實(shi)(shi)驗中心(xin)根據(ju)學(xue)(xue)院培養(yang)應用型,技(ji)能(neng)型、復合型人才的(de)目標(biao)定位(wei)和重(zhong)素質、強(qiang)能(neng)力的(de)培養(yang)要(yao)求,確立(li)了(le)以(yi)(yi)能(neng)力培養(yang)為核(he)心(xin)的(de)實(shi)(shi)驗教學(xue)(xue)理念。手工模(mo)擬(ni)與計(ji)算機(ji)模(mo)擬(ni)相結合,以(yi)(yi)提高教學(xue)(xue)質量為目的(de),以(yi)(yi)課程建(jian)設(she)為核(he)心(xin),以(yi)(yi)師資隊伍建(jian)設(she)為重(zhong)點(dian),以(yi)(yi)實(shi)(shi)驗教學(xue)(xue)平(ping)臺建(jian)設(she)為基(ji)礎,提升教師的(de)實(shi)(shi)驗教學(xue)(xue)能(neng)力和中心(xin)的(de)實(shi)(shi)驗教學(xue)(xue)服務(wu)能(neng)力。
對(dui)此(ci),我(wo)們提出的(de)思路是:總體規劃、分(fen)類實(shi)施(shi),建(jian)立一個(ge)與本校經管類專業(ye)設置相匹配的(de)綜(zong)合性的(de)實(shi)驗實(shi)習平臺。這個(ge)思路包括(kuo)以下兩個(ge)方面的(de)內(nei)容(rong):
1.建(jian)立統一(yi)的技(ji)術(shu)標準、可實現(xian)(xian)(xian)資源(yuan)共享(xiang)的應(ying)(ying)用(yong)平臺。這其(qi)中包含兩個(ge)方面的內容:一(yi)是(shi)按(an)互聯網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)架構與校園(yuan)網(wang)相統一(yi)的網(wang)絡平臺:再一(yi)個(ge)是(shi)采用(yong)統一(yi)的應(ying)(ying)用(yong)平臺,包括操(cao)作系統、數據(ju)庫、通訊協(xie)議等。按(an)協(xie)同集成(cheng)的要求,實現(xian)(xian)(xian)各專業(ye)的教學(xue)軟(ruan)件(jian)的應(ying)(ying)用(yong)集成(cheng)。可以把各個(ge)教學(xue)軟(ruan)件(jian)集成(cheng)在(zai)一(yi)個(ge)平臺上(shang),用(yong)三層架構的技(ji)術(shu),通過瀏(liu)覽器(qi)/服(fu)務器(qi)的方式來實現(xian)(xian)(xian)應(ying)(ying)用(yong),在(zai)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)集成(cheng)的前提下,使各個(ge)系統之間實現(xian)(xian)(xian)互連互通、功能(neng)互動、信息共享(xiang)、資源(yuan)共享(xiang)。
2.根據院(yuan)校經管類專業結構設(she)置(zhi)的(de)要求,可在這個(ge)統(tong)(tong)一的(de)平(ping)臺上分設(she)若(ruo)干個(ge)滿足(zu)多(duo)專業綜(zong)合實訓(xun)(xun)要求的(de)集成系統(tong)(tong)。如電子商(shang)務系統(tong)(tong)、ERP沙盤模(mo)擬系統(tong)(tong)、企業經營模(mo)擬系統(tong)(tong)、證券投資(zi)模(mo)擬系統(tong)(tong)等。為學生(sheng)進行多(duo)專業、多(duo)種技(ji)能的(de)互動化訓(xun)(xun)練,提高綜(zong)合分析,學以致用的(de)能力。
三、綜(zong)合實驗教學平(ping)臺建設方(fang)案(an)
1.實驗中(zhong)心(xin)資源整合
實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中心(xin)整合(he)全院(yuan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)資源(yuan),成立(li)了經(jing)濟與管(guan)理(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中心(xin),實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)校院(yuan)兩級(ji)管(guan)理(li),制(zhi)定實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)計(ji)劃(hua),并配備(bei)相(xiang)應的實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)師,制(zhi)定實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)大綱和編(bian)寫實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)材與指導書,完(wan)善實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項目卡片。然后根據實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)要(yao)求(qiu),進(jin)行(xing)綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺的軟(ruan)硬件建設,最終建立(li)了計(ji)算(suan)機綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、會計(ji)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、商務實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)和ERP沙(sha)盤模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)5個(ge)綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺。計(ji)算(suan)機綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)承擔(dan)經(jing)濟管(guan)理(li)類公(gong)選(xuan)課(ke)與學(xue)院(yuan)各專(zhuan)(zhuan)業的基礎實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)程(cheng),如計(ji)算(suan)機網絡及(ji)其應用、電(dian)子商務、統計(ji)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)、會計(ji)學(xue)基礎綜(zong)合(he)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)、計(ji)量經(jing)濟學(xue)等(deng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)程(cheng)。專(zhuan)(zhuan)業綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)承擔(dan)學(xue)院(yuan)各專(zhuan)(zhuan)業的專(zhuan)(zhuan)業課(ke)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),如會計(ji)電(dian)算(suan)化、審計(ji)電(dian)算(suan)化、工商管(guan)理(li)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)、網絡營(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)、人力資源(yuan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)、市場營(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)、國際(ji)(ji)貿(mao)易模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)、商業銀行(xing)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)、國際(ji)(ji)結(jie)算(suan)、證券投資模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)等(deng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)程(cheng)。會計(ji)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)承擔(dan)會計(ji)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)與審計(ji)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)的手工仿真操(cao)作部分。商務實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)承擔(dan)市場營(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)、商務談判、國際(ji)(ji)貿(mao)易實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)務、單(dan)證模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)等(deng)課(ke)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。ERP沙(sha)盤模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)承擔(dan)ERP沙(sha)盤模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)和企業經(jing)營(ying)(ying)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)的實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)任(ren)務。
經濟(ji)與管(guan)(guan)理實驗(yan)中(zhong)心根據(ju)自身的特點,對(dui)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)制度進行了(le)細化,形成了(le)較(jiao)為完善的實驗(yan)室管(guan)(guan)理、實踐教(jiao)學(xue)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)規(gui)定,規(gui)范(fan)了(le)實驗(yan)室管(guan)(guan)理和(he)實驗(yan)、實踐教(jiao)學(xue)。
2.實(shi)驗中心(xin)信息化建設(she)
實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中心在資源整合(he)的(de)(de)同時(shi),利(li)用良好(hao)的(de)(de)校園網(wang)絡(luo)環境,加強(qiang)了信(xin)息化建(jian)設的(de)(de)力度(du)。中心網(wang)絡(luo)通過1000Mbps光纖鏈路與校園網(wang)互連,所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)的(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)計算機設備通過實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)網(wang)絡(luo)以(yi)100Mbps的(de)(de)速度(du)連接到(dao)校園網(wang),并(bing)可訪問(wen)國內所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)網(wang)絡(luo)資源。目前已(yi)經建(jian)立(li)了較(jiao)為(wei)完善的(de)(de)信(xin)息化平(ping)臺。有(you)(you)(you)著非常(chang)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學資源,包括實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中心網(wang)站、精品實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學課(ke)程網(wang)、FTP服(fu)務(wu)器、郵件服(fu)務(wu)器、網(wang)絡(luo)學習平(ping)臺、網(wang)絡(luo)考(kao)試平(ping)臺、在線(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺等(deng)作為(wei)載體,提供教(jiao)(jiao)學課(ke)件庫、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習參考(kao)資料(liao)庫、多媒體視頻(pin)資源庫等(deng)素材。所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)課(ke)程的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)大綱、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習指(zhi)導書、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)項目卡等(deng)也到(dao)學習平(ping)臺之上,配合(he)在線(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺,學生可以(yi)自己選(xuan)擇時(shi)間和地點,桉需開展實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
3.實驗教學方法
(1)手工仿真模擬
學院會計模(mo)擬(ni)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)、商務模(mo)擬(ni)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)、ERP沙盤(pan)模(mo)擬(ni)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)都是基(ji)于(yu)手工仿真(zhen)模(mo)擬(ni)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)理念建(jian)設的(de),全(quan)面采用(yong)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)工作中使(shi)用(yong)的(de)單證(zheng)、流(liu)程進行各項專業業務的(de)模(mo)擬(ni),通(tong)過手工仿真(zhen)模(mo)擬(ni),可(ke)以在校(xiao)內構建(jian)各類專業實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)平臺,使(shi)學生(sheng)了解和掌握將來步入工作崗(gang)位(wei)所需(xu)要的(de)基(ji)本技能與專業知識(shi),為培(pei)養應用(yong)型人(ren)才(cai)奠定了基(ji)礎。
(2)計(ji)算機仿真模擬(ni)
學院計算機綜(zong)合實(shi)驗(yan)室、專(zhuan)業(ye)綜(zong)合實(shi)驗(yan)室致力于搭建網絡環境下(xia)的(de)經濟與(yu)管(guan)理模(mo)擬(ni)平臺,其中電(dian)子商(shang)務(wu)模(mo)擬(ni)、證券投資(zi)模(mo)擬(ni)、會計電(dian)算化、市場(chang)營銷模(mo)擬(ni)、國際貿易模(mo)擬(ni)、企業(ye)決策模(mo)擬(ni)等實(shi)驗(yan)課程都是通過在(zai)網絡環境下(xia)搭建仿真(zhen)的(de)實(shi)驗(yan)系統來模(mo)擬(ni)現實(shi)情況。
通過這些仿真與(yu)模擬實驗平臺,學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在校內(nei)就可以(yi)學習與(yu)掌握(wo)與(yu)現(xian)(xian)實生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產實踐(jian)相符(fu)的專(zhuan)業技能,很(hen)好的解(jie)決了(le)經濟與(yu)管理專(zhuan)業技能與(yu)現(xian)(xian)實生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產脫(tuo)節的情況(kuang),為實現(xian)(xian)培(pei)養應用(yong)型人(ren)才的培(pei)養目標創(chuang)造了(le)條(tiao)件(jian),培(pei)養了(le)學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)運用(yong)專(zhuan)業知識解(jie)決生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產實踐(jian)問(wen)題的能力。
(3)學生自主訓練(lian)與分組協作(zuo)
在鞏(gong)固(gu)傳(chuan)統教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)示范中心(xin)充分(fen)(fen)利用(yong)現代教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)手段實(shi)現立體化教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue),將(jiang)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)資(zi)源到(dao)網絡(luo)學(xue)(xue)習共享平臺,學(xue)(xue)生可以(yi)不受時間(jian)(jian),空間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制,在校園(yuan)網內(nei)隨(sui)時隨(sui)地都可以(yi)訪(fang)問(wen)這(zhe)些(xie)資(zi)源。在平時的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)過程中,實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中心(xin)除了(le)自主學(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)之外,在實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方法(fa)上大(da)量采用(yong)分(fen)(fen)組(zu)(zu)協作或(huo)分(fen)(fen)組(zu)(zu)對抗的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)式進行(xing)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue),如電子商務模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)、證券投(tou)資(zi)、會(hui)計電算化、國際貿(mao)易(yi)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)、市場營(ying)銷模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)等(deng)課程進行(xing)分(fen)(fen)組(zu)(zu)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan),不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)生擔任(ren)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)角色并進行(xing)崗位輪換,進行(xing)專業性訓(xun)練。企業經營(ying)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)、ERP沙盤模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)等(deng)課程實(shi)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)組(zu)(zu)對抗,每個(ge)小組(zu)(zu)內(nei)部有明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)工(gong),有的(de)(de)(de)(de)同學(xue)(xue)負責(ze)銷售,有的(de)(de)(de)(de)同學(xue)(xue)負責(ze)財務,每一組(zu)(zu)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)策都會(hui)影響到(dao)其他組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)策,這(zhe)種方式大(da)大(da)增加了(le)學(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)趣味性和實(shi)踐性,也使學(xue)(xue)生感受到(dao)團隊協作的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性,培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)生勇于(yu)開拓的(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新意識,提(ti)高了(le)學(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合素質。
(4)建立以考核(he)學生(sheng)綜合能(neng)力為主體的實驗(yan)考評制(zhi)度
考(kao)核(he)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)主要是檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)教與學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)效果,促進教學(xue)(xue)內容的(de)(de)完善、教學(xue)(xue)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)改進。實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)考(kao)核(he)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)多種多樣,有教師指(zhi)導下完成實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)考(kao)核(he),提(ti)交(jiao)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)報告、筆試,實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)軟件自帶的(de)(de)考(kao)核(he)系(xi)(xi)統、分組對抗結果評分等(deng)。實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中心根據專業實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)課程的(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian),建立了一(yi)套科學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)、公正的(de)(de)、多元化的(de)(de)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)考(kao)核(he)機制(zhi),從操作(zuo)技能的(de)(de)掌(zhang)握程度(du)和理(li)論(lun)知識(shi)的(de)(de)應用能力(li)兩方(fang)面評價學(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)成績。評價體系(xi)(xi)包括設計方(fang)案、實(shi)際操作(zuo)、結果分析(xi)以及理(li)論(lun)測試等(deng),重點(dian)(dian)突出(chu)考(kao)查(cha)創新能力(li),多方(fang)位、多角度(du)全面地考(kao)查(cha)和評價學(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)能力(li)。
實驗中心還開(kai)發了(le)基于B/S結構的(de)網(wang)絡考試系(xi)統,建立(li)了(le)學(xue)生信息庫(ku)(ku),教案庫(ku)(ku),課件庫(ku)(ku),資(zi)料庫(ku)(ku),試題庫(ku)(ku)等(deng),進行無紙化(hua)考試的(de)探(tan)索和研究。
4.師資配備
實(shi)驗中心的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學隊伍按照專(zhuan)(zhuan)職(zhi)、兼(jian)職(zhi)相結合(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)模式進行(xing)組建,其(qi)中,專(zhuan)(zhuan)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)實(shi)驗室(shi)建設(she)與管理(li)(li)、實(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學工(gong)作,兼(jian)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師以承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)實(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學為主,兼(jian)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師本身也(ye)是承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)實(shi)驗課程(cheng)理(li)(li)論(lun)部(bu)分(fen)講授的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師,保(bao)證實(shi)驗和(he)理(li)(li)論(lun)不脫節,通過實(shi)踐鞏固理(li)(li)論(lun)知識。在綜合(he)(he)(he)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)組對(dui)抗(kang)實(shi)驗中,每(mei)組指導教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師從各(ge)系中選出,至少兩名(ming)以上,這樣有利于解決對(dui)抗(kang)過程(cheng)中遇到的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)結合(he)(he)(he)方面的(de)(de)(de)問題,也(ye)有利于不同專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)之間教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流溝(gou)通。
四、結束語
經濟(ji)管(guan)(guan)理(li)類專業(ye)綜合實驗(yan)教學平(ping)臺的(de)建設(she)是(shi)一(yi)項長期(qi)復雜的(de)任務(wu),從資源整合到平(ping)臺構(gou)建,每個環(huan)節都十分(fen)重要,也是(shi)不斷(duan)探索的(de)歷程(cheng)。經濟(ji)貿易學院經濟(ji)與管(guan)(guan)理(li)實驗(yan)中(zhong)心通過多年的(de)探索與建設(she),2008年被評為國家級實驗(yan)教學示范中(zhong)心,取得了一(yi)定的(de)成(cheng)果,但在(zai)實驗(yan)中(zhong)心管(guan)(guan)理(li)體制改革和(he)向更(geng)深(shen)層次發(fa)展的(de)道路上需(xu)進一(yi)步努力(li)。
參考文獻:
[1]張(zhang)明高(gao).加強(qiang)實(shi)(shi)驗室改革與(yu)建(jian)設創造(zao)實(shi)(shi)驗新體系[J].實(shi)(shi)驗技術與(yu)管理,2003,(6).
篇7
關鍵詞:高職(zhi);文化素質;在(zai)線教育平(ping)臺
隨(sui)著高職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)不斷改(gai)革和發展,文(wen)化(hua)素(su)(su)質教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)重要性越來越明顯。《教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部關于推(tui)進高等職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)改(gai)革創(chuang)新、引(yin)領職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)發展的(de)若干意見》明確(que)要求(qiu):“重視(shi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)全(quan)面發展,推(tui)進素(su)(su)質教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu),增強學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)自信心(xin),滿足學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)成長需(xu)(xu)要,促進學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)人(ren)人(ren)成才。”高職(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)素(su)(su)質在線教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)平臺正(zheng)是(shi)利(li)用目前較為(wei)流(liu)行(xing)的(de)網絡課(ke)程(cheng)模式(shi),將文(wen)化(hua)素(su)(su)質教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)與在線學(xue)(xue)習(xi)平臺相結合,使(shi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)在任何(he)時(shi)間、任何(he)地點只需(xu)(xu)要通過網絡就能進行(xing)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)活(huo)動。
一、構建高職文(wen)化素質在線教育平臺(tai)的必要性
1.內在(zai)需求。隨(sui)著高職教育(yu)在(zai)國內如(ru)(ru)火如(ru)(ru)荼(tu)的(de)發展(zhan),高職院校的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)素質(zhi)(zhi)教育(yu)工作(zuo),一(yi)定程度(du)上使(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)素質(zhi)(zhi)方面的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)和技能(neng)得到提高,但從教學(xue)(xue)(xue)方式(shi)來看,基(ji)本以(yi)傳統(tong)的(de)授課為主(zhu),學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)以(yi)被(bei)動的(de)方式(shi)接受(shou)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)內容,不利(li)于發揮學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)主(zhu)觀能(neng)動性(xing)。高職文(wen)化(hua)(hua)素質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)教育(yu)平臺(tai)正提供(gong)了(le)一(yi)個隨(sui)時(shi)隨(sui)地都能(neng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)素質(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)識(shi)的(de)環境,能(neng)充分發揮學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)主(zhu)動性(xing),彌補了(le)傳統(tong)授課形式(shi)的(de)缺陷。學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)可(ke)以(yi)利(li)用(yong)碎片時(shi)間登錄(lu)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)平臺(tai)開展(zhan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)素質(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)識(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi),線(xian)(xian)下參與由教師主(zhu)持(chi)的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)素質(zhi)(zhi)實踐活動,虛實結合,理論聯系(xi)實際,更(geng)能(neng)使(shi)所(suo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)知(zhi)識(shi)鞏(gong)固并內化(hua)(hua)為自身的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)素質(zhi)(zhi)修養。
2.外部(bu)需(xu)要(yao)。高(gao)等職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養目標是圍繞學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識、能力(li)和素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)三(san)個方面,培(pei)養面向生(sheng)產(chan)、建設、管理(li)和服務第一線(xian)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)技能應用型人(ren)才。高(gao)職(zhi)(zhi)文化(hua)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)線(xian)教育(yu)平臺,可(ke)以實現(xian)社會(hui)需(xu)求和學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)文化(hua)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)養的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)合,讓行(xing)業(ye)協(xie)會(hui)和企業(ye)直接參(can)與學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)文化(hua)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)教育(yu),通過(guo)與學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)性(xing)(xing)互動,讓學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)提早融入進來,了解行(xing)業(ye)和企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)、制度(du)、規則(ze)和理(li)念,為行(xing)業(ye)協(xie)會(hui)和企業(ye)培(pei)養適應崗位(wei)需(xu)要(yao)和可(ke)持續性(xing)(xing)發展的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)技術人(ren)才奠定(ding)基(ji)礎。
高職文(wen)化素質在(zai)線教育平(ping)臺的設(she)計
1.整合(he)文化(hua)(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)育資源,搭建虛(xu)實(shi)結(jie)合(he)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)平(ping)(ping)臺。在(zai)線教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)平(ping)(ping)臺在(zai)實(shi)施過程中(zhong)通過虛(xu)實(shi)結(jie)合(he)、線上(shang)線下互動(dong)的(de)方式,將線上(shang)的(de)抽象化(hua)(hua)、概念化(hua)(hua)、離散(san)化(hua)(hua)的(de)文化(hua)(hua)素(su)質知識轉變為(wei)具(ju)體化(hua)(hua)、形象化(hua)(hua)、集聚(ju)化(hua)(hua)的(de)活動(dong)形式,使得高(gao)職學(xue)(xue)生能夠在(zai)參與活動(dong)中(zhong)將這(zhe)些知識內化(hua)(hua)為(wei)本身的(de)行為(wei)及能力。平(ping)(ping)臺由(you)以下三大模塊組成:
(1)文(wen)化(hua)素(su)(su)質(zhi)認知(zhi)學(xue)(xue)習。將文(wen)化(hua)素(su)(su)質(zhi)方面(mian)的(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)通(tong)過生(sheng)動活潑的(de)(de)視頻及文(wen)字形(xing)式在規定時間內讓學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)完并撰寫總結、體會。內容方面(mian)主要(yao)是與學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)思政素(su)(su)質(zhi)、國防(fang)素(su)(su)質(zhi)、科學(xue)(xue)素(su)(su)質(zhi)、文(wen)學(xue)(xue)素(su)(su)質(zhi)、藝(yi)術(shu)素(su)(su)質(zhi)、歷史素(su)(su)質(zhi)、哲學(xue)(xue)素(su)(su)質(zhi)、法(fa)律(lv)素(su)(su)質(zhi)及職業素(su)(su)養(yang)相關的(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)。本模塊知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)為必修和選(xuan)修兩部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)。在必修部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)除了基本素(su)(su)質(zhi)外,再依據專(zhuan)業不同設置不同的(de)(de)職場要(yao)求、行業文(wen)化(hua)等知(zhi)識(shi)(shi);在選(xuan)修部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen),可以根據個人(ren)喜好選(xuan)擇除必修部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)外的(de)(de)其(qi)余文(wen)化(hua)素(su)(su)質(zhi)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)。
(2)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)素(su)質(zhi)主題實(shi)(shi)踐。經過一(yi)段時間(jian)的(de)在線平臺學(xue)習后(hou),學(xue)生(sheng)一(yi)定程(cheng)度上(shang)熟悉了這些知(zhi)識(shi)或常(chang)識(shi),但是知(zhi)識(shi)需要內(nei)化(hua)為(wei)學(xue)生(sheng)個(ge)人的(de)行為(wei)或能力,這樣文(wen)(wen)化(hua)素(su)質(zhi)才能通過行為(wei)或能力體現出來。因此,平臺還設置了對(dui)應單項文(wen)(wen)化(hua)素(su)質(zhi)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)實(shi)(shi)踐活動,分班級實(shi)(shi)施。
(3)文(wen)化素質考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。文(wen)化素質教學(xue)必然有(you)課(ke)程選修、課(ke)程實(shi)施及課(ke)程考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)三(san)個階段。文(wen)化素質考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)不能按照一般的(de)課(ke)程來考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)方式主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以過程考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、知(zhi)識考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)輔。每個項目(mu)考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)分(fen)線(xian)上和線(xian)下考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),線(xian)上考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)學(xue)結(jie)報告、在(zai)線(xian)文(wen)化素質知(zhi)識考(kao)(kao)試系(xi)統,線(xian)下考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)題實(shi)踐(jian)活動考(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。
2.行業(ye)、企業(ye)、家庭與學(xue)(xue)校互動(dong),建成立(li)(li)體式(shi)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)平臺(tai)(tai)。本平臺(tai)(tai)將(jiang)文化素質教(jiao)育打(da)造成立(li)(li)體式(shi)全員參與的學(xue)(xue)習交流平臺(tai)(tai)。
文(wen)化素質(zhi)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)教(jiao)育平臺離不開校內(nei)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)參與。由于本(ben)系統是利(li)用學(xue)生(sheng)課(ke)余(yu)時間實(shi)施的(de)(de),因此(ci)參與該系統教(jiao)學(xue)的(de)(de)主要是輔導(dao)員、班主任(ren)及(ji)部(bu)分(fen)專業教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)。這(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)主要工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是在(zai)(zai)線(xian)咨詢交(jiao)流、在(zai)(zai)線(xian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業、在(zai)(zai)線(xian)閱讀并考(kao)(kao)評學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業以及(ji)和(he)開展線(xian)下(xia)的(de)(de)主題活動。學(xue)生(sheng)經過學(xue)習、考(kao)(kao)核最終取得相應(ying)等(deng)級(ji)后(hou),本(ben)平臺依(yi)據(ju)已設立的(de)(de)校內(nei)高(gao)職(zhi)文(wen)化素質(zhi)考(kao)(kao)評小組(zu),就(jiu)學(xue)生(sheng)所取得最終成績等(deng)級(ji),進行對應(ying)等(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)高(gao)職(zhi)文(wen)化素質(zhi)證書(shu)認(ren)證及(ji)發放工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。高(gao)職(zhi)畢業生(sheng)畢業時除了有學(xue)歷(li)證書(shu)和(he)職(zhi)業資格證書(shu)外,還(huan)有一個文(wen)化素質(zhi)認(ren)證證書(shu),是對高(gao)職(zhi)學(xue)生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)校期間其文(wen)化素質(zhi)能力的(de)(de)一種肯定。
依托(tuo)行業(ye),校(xiao)企合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。“合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)辦學(xue)、合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)育(yu)(yu)人、合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)就業(ye)、合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)發展(zhan)”是教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部(bu)、財政部(bu)《關于進一步推進國家(jia)示(shi)范性(xing)高等職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)院校(xiao)建設計劃實(shi)施工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的通(tong)(tong)(tong)知》對高職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的要求(qiu),亦是高職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)改(gai)革的方向。高職(zhi)(zhi)文化(hua)素質(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu),要重(zhong)視在社會(hui)實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)融(rong)入(ru)素質(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu),開展(zhan)各種人文教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)一體化(hua)活動。我們通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)與(yu)行業(ye)協(xie)會(hui)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)制定(ding)相關職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)文化(hua)素質(zhi)教(jiao)學(xue)內(nei)容;并積(ji)極(ji)(ji)拉攏企業(ye)參(can)與(yu)高職(zhi)(zhi)文化(hua)素質(zhi)實(shi)踐(jian)活動,與(yu)企業(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)組織實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)活動;積(ji)極(ji)(ji)與(yu)家(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)溝通(tong)(tong)(tong),使家(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)能夠(gou)看到自己(ji)孩子在文化(hua)素質(zhi)培養過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的進步,并建議家(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)關注學(xue)生的成長(chang)(chang)(chang),積(ji)極(ji)(ji)配(pei)合(he)(he)學(xue)校(xiao)的文化(hua)素質(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu),在假期(qi)期(qi)間能夠(gou)督促和鼓勵(li)學(xue)生不斷地學(xue)習(xi)文化(hua)素質(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)內(nei)容及參(can)與(yu)各類融(rong)入(ru)文化(hua)素質(zhi)的社會(hui)實(shi)踐(jian)活動。
篇8
關鍵詞 畢(bi)業設計 遠程教(jiao)學(xue) 開放教(jiao)育(yu)
1 系統設計的研究(jiu)背景
計(ji)算機(ji)軟件(jian)(jian)和網絡(luo)已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)功地成(cheng)為教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要輔(fu)助工具。在(zai)我國(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育需(xu)求不(bu)斷增加,高(gao)校教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育資(zi)源(yuan)有限,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育經(jing)費相對(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia),利(li)用(yong)現代信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)高(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育,不(bu)僅充分利(li)用(yong)了優秀教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育資(zi)源(yuan),而且為更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)人提(ti)供(gong)接受高(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui),同(tong)時(shi)這(zhe)也極大促進了高(gao)校的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)化發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。隨(sui)著(zhu)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),適用(yong)于(yu)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育層次的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)務管(guan)理(li)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)管(guan)理(li)、課(ke)件(jian)(jian)、考試等系(xi)統或(huo)平(ping)臺(tai)也逐(zhu)漸(jian)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)熟。但是(shi),目前實(shi)施網上遠(yuan)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)校已(yi)構建的(de)(de)(de)(de)“現代遠(yuan)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育”平(ping)臺(tai)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)系(xi)統一般(ban)都是(shi)以完成(cheng)“課(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)”為目標設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de),還不(bu)能實(shi)現對(dui)(dui)(dui)遠(yuan)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)支(zhi)持。一個(ge)(ge)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡(luo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)系(xi)統應能對(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)計(ji)劃規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)環節提(ti)供(gong)全面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持服(fu)務,即(ji)除課(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)之外,還應對(dui)(dui)(dui)課(ke)程(cheng)實(shi)驗、畢業設計(ji)(論文)等實(shi)踐性環節提(ti)供(gong)支(zhi)持服(fu)務。
畢(bi)業設計(ji)(ji)是高(gao)校(xiao)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)一個(ge)綜合實(shi)踐環節(jie),是學(xue)習(xi)知識,鍛煉(lian)實(shi)際動手(shou)能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)重要(yao)的(de)(de)學(xue)習(xi)過程。特別是對于計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)專業的(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng)來說,如何將書本(ben)上的(de)(de)知識運(yun)用在實(shi)際的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)過程中尤其(qi)重要(yao)。計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)專業學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)畢(bi)業設計(ji)(ji)要(yao)求一般包(bao)括兩個(ge)部分:計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)作品和畢(bi)業論文(wen)。學(xue)生(sheng)在完成計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統(tong)設計(ji)(ji)和畢(bi)業論文(wen)期間(jian)都(dou)存在著(zhu)不同(tong)的(de)(de)問題。當前各(ge)大高(gao)校(xiao)都(dou)開發了(le)畢(bi)業設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)網上指導(dao)系(xi)統(tong),但(dan)這些系(xi)統(tong)主要(yao)是實(shi)現(xian)網上選題,開題報告的(de)(de)提交和畢(bi)業論文(wen)的(de)(de)提交。
開(kai)放教(jiao)(jiao)育背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)不同于普通(tong)高校學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng),他(ta)們(men)(men)具有(you)自身(shen)特(te)(te)點,他(ta)們(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)進行(xing)畢業(ye)(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)時會(hui)遇到很多(duo)(duo)(duo)問題和困難,主(zhu)要(yao)有(you):(1)每個教(jiao)(jiao)師指(zhi)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)數(shu)量較多(duo)(duo)(duo),教(jiao)(jiao)師不可能做到完(wan)(wan)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)對(dui)一(yi)輔(fu)導(dao);(2)開(kai)放教(jiao)(jiao)育背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)是在(zai)(zai)職學(xue)(xue)(xue)習,工(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)矛(mao)盾突出,不可能經常來學(xue)(xue)(xue)校與教(jiao)(jiao)師進行(xing)面對(dui)面的(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong);(3)有(you)部(bu)分學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)基礎知識不扎實,不從事(shi)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作,在(zai)(zai)入學(xue)(xue)(xue)前也沒有(you)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)課程的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習背景(jing)(jing),沒有(you)完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)思想,在(zai)(zai)做畢業(ye)(ye)課題設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過程會(hui)遇到很多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)困難,他(ta)們(men)(men)希望(wang)有(you)一(yi)個學(xue)(xue)(xue)習平臺,可以補充計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)知識,希望(wang)有(you)一(yi)個交流(liu)平臺,可以與同學(xue)(xue)(xue)和老(lao)師進行(xing)溝(gou)通(tong)。(4)有(you)部(bu)分學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)不清楚(chu)畢業(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)書寫方法,教(jiao)(jiao)師在(zai)(zai)指(zhi)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)過程中感到很吃(chi)力(li),特(te)(te)別是論(lun)(lun)文(wen)格(ge)式上的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)改,往往會(hui)發生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)次修(xiu)改論(lun)(lun)文(wen)也無(wu)法完(wan)(wan)全(quan)滿足格(ge)式要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)情況,對(dui)于教(jiao)(jiao)師來說要(yao)完(wan)(wan)全(quan)規范學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)格(ge)式也很困難。
根據開放教育(yu)以及計算(suan)機專業的(de)特點,筆者開發了一(yi)個畢(bi)業設(she)計在線指(zhi)導平(ping)臺(tai)。該指(zhi)導平(ping)臺(tai)主要(yao)是以指(zhi)導教師和學生作為服務(wu)對象,不僅包(bao)括了畢(bi)業論文(wen)的(de)在線指(zhi)導,還包(bao)括課題(ti)的(de)設(she)計指(zhi)導平(ping)臺(tai)和論文(wen)寫(xie)作平(ping)臺(tai)。
2 系統實現的技術方案
畢業(ye)(ye)設計在(zai)線(xian)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)系統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)了B/S架構,學(xue)生、指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)教師使用(yong)瀏覽器(qi)(qi)(qi)通過Internet向畢業(ye)(ye)論(lun)文指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)平臺提(ti)交請(qing)求(qiu)、接收反饋結(jie)果,客戶端不需(xu)要安裝額外的(de)(de)客戶端應用(yong)程序(xu)。畢業(ye)(ye)論(lun)文指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)平臺部署在(zai)學(xue)校內(nei)部的(de)(de)一臺服(fu)(fu)務(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)上,服(fu)(fu)務(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)括網站服(fu)(fu)務(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi),其中網站服(fu)(fu)務(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)來處(chu)理所有(you)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶提(ti)交請(qing)求(qiu),數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)存儲(chu)和處(chu)理相關(guan)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)。
該(gai)系統是在Visual Studio2008平(ping)臺(tai)上進行開(kai)發的(de),采用和(he)C#語言為前臺(tai)開(kai)發語言,采用SQL Server 2005作為后臺(tai)數據庫。下面將介紹該(gai)系統的(de)主(zhu)要功能以及數據庫的(de)設計。
3 系統的主要功能(neng)
本(ben)系統一共(gong)分為四大功(gong)能(neng)模塊(如圖1):
圖(tu)1 系統功能(neng)模塊圖(tu)
3.1 用戶(hu)管理模(mo)塊(kuai)
本系統主要有三(san)類用(yong)(yong)戶(hu):管(guan)理員,指導教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)和學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)。管(guan)理員的管(guan)理權(quan)限主要是進行用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)管(guan)理,針對兩(liang)類用(yong)(yong)戶(hu),指導教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)和學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)。系統提供教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)和學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的注(zhu)冊平(ping)臺,教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)和學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)注(zhu)冊成功后,由管(guan)理員進行認證,認證通過后,教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)和學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)可以登(deng)陸該平(ping)臺,進行相應的操作(zuo)了。
3.2 畢(bi)業課題設計(ji)輔導功能模塊
主要是針對學(xue)(xue)生的專業基礎(chu)知識(shi)部分進行復習和鞏固,在線(xian)給出計算機(ji)信(xin)息系統的案例以及系統開發的難點(dian)解答,方便(bian)學(xue)(xue)生進行學(xue)(xue)習。采用比較(jiao)形象(xiang)的視頻演示和文(wen)字描述的兩種形式,符合學(xue)(xue)生在線(xian)學(xue)(xue)習的習慣。
圖2 畢業課題設計指導模塊結構圖
如圖(tu)2所示,該(gai)功能(neng)模塊(kuai)針(zhen)對(dui)兩類用戶,對(dui)于教師(shi)來(lai)說,教師(shi)需將信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)案(an)例(li)的(de)文字和(he)(he)(he)視頻(pin)信(xin)息(xi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)上傳和(he)(he)(he)編輯,本平臺(tai)提(ti)供教師(shi)以網頁和(he)(he)(he)word文檔的(de)形式(shi)上傳案(an)例(li)的(de)形式(shi),以流媒體的(de)形式(shi)上傳信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)案(an)例(li)的(de)演(yan)(yan)示視頻(pin)。教師(shi)可以實現對(dui)上傳的(de)內容(rong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)刪除和(he)(he)(he)修改。對(dui)于學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)來(lai)說,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)可以通(tong)過該(gai)平臺(tai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習計算(suan)機信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)相關(guan)知識,如完整的(de)信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)概念(nian)和(he)(he)(he)演(yan)(yan)示,信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)開發(fa)的(de)過程演(yan)(yan)示。既有(you)文字信(xin)息(xi)也有(you)視頻(pin)信(xin)息(xi),方(fang)便學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)自己(ji)在家學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習。通(tong)過該(gai)功能(neng)模塊(kuai)的(de)設置,可以幫(bang)助(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)補充在課(ke)堂上學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習不(bu)到的(de)知識,幫(bang)助(zhu)他們建立完整的(de)信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)開發(fa)思想。
如圖3所示(shi),該功能模塊提供給學生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)個編(bian)輯論(lun)(lun)文的平臺,學生(sheng)(sheng)可以選(xuan)擇(ze)要編(bian)輯論(lun)(lun)文的條(tiao)目(mu)(mu),如摘要,目(mu)(mu)錄,正(zheng)文,參考文獻等,然(ran)后在對(dui)應的編(bian)輯平臺上進(jin)行文本的輸入和(he)修(xiu)改(gai)。論(lun)(lun)文會根據教師(shi)事先設置好的論(lun)(lun)文條(tiao)目(mu)(mu)格式(shi)自(zi)動生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)。學生(sheng)(sheng)可以選(xuan)擇(ze)在線編(bian)輯,也(ye)(ye)可以選(xuan)擇(ze)導出為word格式(shi)。由教師(shi)在后臺設置好論(lun)(lun)文編(bian)輯的條(tiao)目(mu)(mu)和(he)格式(shi)。這一(yi)功能方便學生(sheng)(sheng)統一(yi)論(lun)(lun)文格式(shi),也(ye)(ye)方便教師(shi)隨時監控學生(sheng)(sheng)完成(cheng)論(lun)(lun)文的情況。
3.4 師(shi)生互(hu)動(dong)的在線答疑功能模(mo)塊
該(gai)功能主要(yao)是(shi)方便學生(sheng)和教師(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)實現在(zai)線互動(dong),由教師(shi)(shi)設置好(hao)課(ke)題組,每(mei)個課(ke)題組統一(yi)在(zai)一(yi)個討(tao)論(lun)(lun)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上,學生(sheng)只能在(zai)教師(shi)(shi)分配好(hao)的課(ke)題組平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上發言(yan)。學生(sheng)可以(yi)通過該(gai)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)向(xiang)教師(shi)(shi)提問,也可以(yi)通過該(gai)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)與同一(yi)課(ke)題組的同學進行討(tao)論(lun)(lun)。這一(yi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)不同于(yu)其他畢(bi)業論(lun)(lun)文指導系統只有一(yi)個統一(yi)的討(tao)論(lun)(lun)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),而是(shi)以(yi)課(ke)題組為(wei)討(tao)論(lun)(lun)單位,這樣便于(yu)教師(shi)(shi)管理和指導,也利(li)于(yu)學生(sheng)之(zhi)間(jian)對同一(yi)類(lei)課(ke)題進行交流。
4 系統(tong)的(de)數據庫設(she)計(ji)方案
畢業設計在線指導(dao)系(xi)(xi)統采(cai)用SQL Server 2005作為數(shu)據庫系(xi)(xi)統。數(shu)據庫系(xi)(xi)統共有8個(ge)表,這8個(ge)表具體如表1所示(shi):
表(biao)1 系統數據表(biao)說明
每個數據表的具體設計(ji)在這里就不再(zai)詳細敘述了(le)。
5 結論
該系統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)對在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)放教(jiao)育(yu)背景下(xia),利用(yong)遠(yuan)(yuan)程教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法開(kai)(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個畢業(ye)設(she)計(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)指導(dao)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)。它(ta)不(bu)(bu)同于(yu)其他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)畢業(ye)設(she)計(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong),它(ta)不(bu)(bu)提供教(jiao)務人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)論(lun)文(wen)管理(li)功能,本系統(tong)(tong)(tong)主要(yao)是(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)對指導(dao)教(jiao)師和(he)(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de),方便兩者在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)畢業(ye)設(she)計(ji)指導(dao)過程中(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行遠(yuan)(yuan)程交流和(he)(he)(he)遠(yuan)(yuan)程學(xue)(xue)(xue)習。因(yin)為筆者所在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)已經(jing)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)了(le)(le)畢業(ye)論(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提交系統(tong)(tong)(tong),但已存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)主要(yao)是(shi)實現(xian)畢業(ye)論(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提交和(he)(he)(he)管理(li)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de),學(xue)(xue)(xue)生和(he)(he)(he)教(jiao)師之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)互動較少,而該系統(tong)(tong)(tong)主要(yao)是(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)對理(li)工類計(ji)算機專業(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生而設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)僅幫助他(ta)們(men)(men)解決了(le)(le)論(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)編輯問題,還(huan)提供了(le)(le)輔導(dao)他(ta)們(men)(men)進(jin)(jin)行課(ke)題設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能。該系統(tong)(tong)(tong)正在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)發試(shi)驗階段,根據學(xue)(xue)(xue)生和(he)(he)(he)指導(dao)教(jiao)師使用(yong)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反饋(kui)意見,我(wo)們(men)(men)還(huan)可以進(jin)(jin)行功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)適當調(diao)整和(he)(he)(he)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)一步完善。
參考文獻
[1] 崔(cui)東浩(hao).業余大(da)學(xue)畢業論文指導(dao)平(ping)臺的設(she)計與實現.上海(hai)交通大(da)學(xue)碩士論文,2011.
[2] 張曉(xiao)東(dong).畢業(ye)論文(wen)指導與管理系統(tong)的分析(xi)與設計[J].中國教育信息(xi)化,2011.11:35-37.
篇9
畢業(ye)論文(wen)或畢業(ye)設計是(shi)高(gao)等學(xue)校對學(xue)生整(zheng)個學(xue)習(xi)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個綜合性考查(cha)。大(da)學(xue)生畢業(ye)論文(wen)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)好壞是(shi)評價(jia)高(gao)校教(jiao)學(xue)水平(ping)質(zhi)量高(gao)低(di)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個重要標準(zhun),是(shi)對學(xue)生的(de)(de)培養質(zhi)量和綜合水平(ping)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個總體(ti)檢驗。通過(guo)大(da)學(xue)畢業(ye)論文(wen)寫作(zuo),可(ke)以使大(da)學(xue)生熟(shu)悉(xi)科學(xue)技(ji)術研究論文(wen)寫作(zuo)的(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)方(fang)法(fa)、基本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)論文(wen)格式與規范,初步了解科研創作(zuo)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)技(ji)巧,了解本(ben)(ben)專業(ye)方(fang)向的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)研究內容(rong),掌握文(wen)獻資料查(cha)找的(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)方(fang)法(fa)。
提高畢(bi)(bi)業生的(de)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)質量,一(yi)方面(mian)需要(yao)學(xue)(xue)生積極地投(tou)身于(yu)撰寫(xie)畢(bi)(bi)業論(lun)(lun)文(wen),另一(yi)方面(mian)還(huan)需要(yao)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)有效(xiao)指(zhi)導,即教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)在指(zhi)導畢(bi)(bi)業論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(畢(bi)(bi)業設計(ji))過(guo)程中,應按照科學(xue)(xue)的(de)指(zhi)導方法,協助學(xue)(xue)生完成(cheng)畢(bi)(bi)業論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(畢(bi)(bi)業設計(ji))的(de)選題、收集、整理及分析資料(liao),并做好(hao)畢(bi)(bi)業設計(ji)過(guo)程的(de)跟(gen)蹤指(zhi)導和解答疑難工作。
大力發展遠(yuan)(yuan)程教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu),可滿(man)足(zu)人民群(qun)眾日(ri)益增長(chang)的接受(shou)多樣(yang)化教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的需求,實現教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)普及、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)公平,意(yi)(yi)義重(zhong)大。而遠(yuan)(yuan)程教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的畢(bi)業(ye)論文或(huo)畢(bi)業(ye)設計,是遠(yuan)(yuan)程教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學的重(zhong)要環節,對提(ti)高學生(sheng)整體素(su)質具有特(te)殊意(yi)(yi)義。在基層(ceng)遠(yuan)(yuan)程教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)機構,由(you)于面對面的交流遠(yuan)(yuan)不如在校(xiao)生(sheng)容易(yi),存在較大的師生(sheng)時(shi)空分離(li),在畢(bi)業(ye)論文指導過程中,普遍借(jie)助于網絡的手(shou)段來彌補師生(sheng)之間(jian)溝(gou)通的不足(zu)。
但對傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)論(lun)文指(zhi)導(dao)方式、各種網絡化的(de)(de)論(lun)文指(zhi)導(dao)方式的(de)(de)使(shi)用,不應是彼此(ci)孤(gu)立互相獨立的(de)(de),如何(he)選擇取舍,如何(he)利用信(xin)息化手段(duan)構建師生(sheng)之間(jian)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)信(xin)息交(jiao)流和便(bian)于管理(li)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)執行(xing),扭(niu)轉當前基層遠程教(jiao)育(yu)機構在畢業論(lun)文指(zhi)導(dao)過程的(de)(de)困窘是很值得研究的(de)(de)。
1 基層遠(yuan)教機構畢業論文指導方式及其缺陷
1.1 基層遠教機構畢業論文(wen)指導方式
當前,基層遠程教育機構的畢業論文存在多種指(zhi)導(dao)方式,呈現多樣化特點。
常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)可歸納為兩類:傳統面(mian)(mian)對面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)采用紙質載體的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)和(he)利用網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi),利用網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)具(ju)體包括(kuo)普通(tong)(tong)網(wang)絡(luo)溝通(tong)(tong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)和(he)絡(luo)平(ping)臺(tai)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。一般來說,普通(tong)(tong)網(wang)絡(luo)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)包括(kuo)電(dian)子郵(you)件、BBS論(lun)(lun)壇、即時通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)工具(ju)QQ等(deng);論(lun)(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)網(wang)絡(luo)平(ping)臺(tai)包括(kuo)畢業論(lun)(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)網(wang)站和(he)畢業論(lun)(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)交流平(ping)臺(tai)等(deng)。面(mian)(mian)對面(mian)(mian)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)在師生分離狀態下很難經常(chang)做到(dao),指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)效(xiao)較(jiao)(jiao)低;電(dian)子郵(you)件、BBS討論(lun)(lun)、電(dian)話等(deng)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)缺(que)乏指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)的(de)(de)完整性和(he)系統性,并且指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)教師的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)過程缺(que)少檢查督促機制和(he)手段,指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)效(xiao)也較(jiao)(jiao)差;畢業論(lun)(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)平(ping)臺(tai),如(ru)果設計合理,則可以(yi)有效(xiao)彌補其(qi)(qi)他指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)缺(que)陷,在與其(qi)(qi)他指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)情況下,能較(jiao)(jiao)好地構建論(lun)(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)保障(zhang)機制。
1.2 基層遠教(jiao)機構畢(bi)業論文指導的缺陷
基(ji)層(ceng)遠教機構畢業(ye)論文(wen)指導主要存在(zai)以(yi)下三方面的缺陷:
(1)過程可控制性低(di)
具體表(biao)現(xian)(xian)為:①選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)把(ba)(ba)控不到(dao)位。從選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)就(jiu)沒(mei)有把(ba)(ba)控好(hao),經(jing)常出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)有的(de)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)沒(mei)有正確(que)選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)或沒(mei)有經(jing)過指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)確(que)認(ren)就(jiu)進行(xing)了論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)初稿的(de)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)寫,投人(ren)大量的(de)精(jing)力后,首次(ci)經(jing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)查時才發現(xian)(xian)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)與所(suo)學(xue)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)存在(zai)(zai)偏差(cha),學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)么重新選(xuan)題(ti)(ti),要(yao)(yao)(yao)么勉強從論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)內(nei)容上(shang)進行(xing)調(diao)整。所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)過程(cheng)(cheng)中缺(que)少必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)控制環(huan)(huan)節(jie),難以(yi)把(ba)(ba)完成(cheng)各環(huan)(huan)節(jie)目標和(he)任務,是畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)過程(cheng)(cheng)開展困難重重的(de)普遍性(xing)(xing)原因(yin):②可檢(jian)(jian)查性(xing)(xing)手(shou)段缺(que)失。除畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)和(he)流程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)外(wai),現(xian)(xian)實基層遠教(jiao)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)寫過程(cheng)(cheng)中,缺(que)少對(dui)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)檢(jian)(jian)查手(shou)段,不能較好(hao)督促(cu)和(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)作,使(shi)其嚴格執行(xing)對(dui)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)從選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)到(dao)初稿、終(zhong)稿的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)步驟,并客觀(guan)評(ping)價各個(ge)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)中指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)寫的(de)能力和(he)水平,促(cu)進教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)發展;③上(shang)下級(ji)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。由于上(shang)下級(ji)學(xue)校間存在(zai)(zai)的(de)地域(yu)差(cha)異,各級(ji)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)理(li)部門的(de)工(gong)作存在(zai)(zai)隔閡(he)。基層遠程(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)自我管(guan)(guan)理(li)能力不強,往往依賴上(shang)級(ji)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)管(guan)(guan)理(li),而(er)上(shang)級(ji)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)監管(guan)(guan)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)多集中在(zai)(zai)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)答辯和(he)終(zhong)審(shen)環(huan)(huan)節(jie),對(dui)基層遠程(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)資格審(shen)查、對(dui)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)的(de)質量基本上(shang)無法監控;而(er)基層遠程(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)由于指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)師(shi)(shi)資不足、學(xue)歷及職稱偏低等問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。加(jia)上(shang)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)重視不夠、經(jing)費難以(yi)保證(zheng),聘請不到(dao)合(he)適(shi)的(de)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi),無奈(nai)之下只(zhi)好(hao)自行(xing)降低論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)質量要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu),致使(shi)各種管(guan)(guan)理(li)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)不斷出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)。
(2)論文質量監控不(bu)夠,存在畢業(ye)論文抄(chao)襲現象
由于畢業(ye)(ye)論(lun)文指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)過程(cheng)的(de)可(ke)控性(xing)(xing)低(di),加(jia)上基層(ceng)遠程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育機(ji)構普遍(bian)存在師資不(bu)足、管理不(bu)嚴(yan)等原因,造(zao)成(cheng)抄(chao)襲、發表現(xian)象嚴(yan)重(zhong)、泛濫(lan)。首(shou)先,由于管理不(bu)嚴(yan),學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對學(xue)(xue)位論(lun)文寫(xie)作(zuo)不(bu)重(zhong)視,過期不(bu)交、抄(chao)襲的(de)現(xian)象未得(de)到及(ji)(ji)時(shi)的(de)糾正及(ji)(ji)嚴(yan)肅處理,往屆論(lun)文重(zhong)用、發表的(de)現(xian)象也就層(ceng)出不(bu)窮(qiong);其次,由于自身專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)局(ju)限(xian)性(xing)(xing),不(bu)少(shao)教(jiao)(jiao)師對學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)所選題目(mu)不(bu)熟(shu)悉(xi),指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)意(yi)見和建議難以讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)信服,不(bu)少(shao)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)轉而(er)走捷徑,選擇(ze)了抄(chao)襲和找人發表,而(er)這一過程(cheng)卻缺(que)乏有效監(jian)控,有泛濫(lan)趨勢。某些基層(ceng)遠程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育機(ji)構的(de)論(lun)文答辯及(ji)(ji)終審成(cheng)績,合(he)格(ge)率很(hen)高(gao),但成(cheng)績普遍(bian)偏低(di),多數僅達及(ji)(ji)格(ge)線。這樣的(de)成(cheng)績既不(bu)能較(jiao)好體現(xian)畢業(ye)(ye)論(lun)文學(xue)(xue)習成(cheng)果的(de)綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)總結和檢閱,也不(bu)能較(jiao)好發揮和體現(xian)指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)師專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)能力(li)和專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)價值。
(3)學生與指導教(jiao)師雙方(fang)均高耗低效
從論(lun)文(wen)的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)周(zhou)期(qi)來(lai)看(kan),從布置寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)任務、指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方法(fa)到定稿(gao)、答(da)辯,往(wang)往(wang)要五(wu)、六個月(yue)時間。由于缺(que)乏實(shi)(shi)時監控(kong)。無法(fa)保證寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)期(qi)間學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)足夠的(de)交流。個別學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)甚至都沒(mei)有(you)(you)與(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)溝(gou)通過,不經選題(ti)溝(gou)通和(he)(he)(he)確認環(huan)節直(zhi)接提交初稿(gao),造成(cheng)返(fan)(fan)工現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)嚴重,指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)效率低且容易造成(cheng)師(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)關系失諧。指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)過程監控(kong)的(de)缺(que)失,還造成(cheng)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)選題(ti)脫離實(shi)(shi)踐,雖符合專業選題(ti)要求但與(yu)個人工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)無關的(de)選題(ti)占了(le)較(jiao)大(da)比重,而學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)論(lun)文(wen)初、終稿(gao)的(de)撰(zhuan)寫(xie)(xie)缺(que)少(shao)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)及(ji)時有(you)(you)效的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao),更(geng)使(shi)得寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)與(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)中的(de)各種問題(ti)積重難(nan)返(fan)(fan)。因此,存在消耗學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)大(da)量時間和(he)(he)(he)精力(li),卻達不到應(ying)有(you)(you)效果(guo)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。
2 論文(wen)指導(dao)網絡平臺與普(pu)通網絡通信實現方式(shi)的(de)比較
2.1 畢(bi)業論文指導的(de)參(can)與要素(su)和基本(ben)流程的(de)關鍵點
遠程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)放教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)工作,涉及(ji)(ji)到學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)點(dian)及(ji)(ji)上級業(ye)(ye)(ye)務部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)參與。這個教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活(huo)動(dong),按(an)照教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求,必須(xu)達到一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量標準,或(huo)以畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管理規定(ding)(ding)、畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方案(基本(ben)原則和(he)要求、組(zu)(zu)織與管理、成(cheng)績評定(ding)(ding)與管理規定(ding)(ding))來保(bao)證(zheng)其實(shi)(shi)施(shi),以此來確立和(he)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中各(ge)有關人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)職責(ze)。首先,畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)責(ze)任(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師,都應負起不斷(duan)改進(jin)(jin)完善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren),其次,需(xu)要緊(jin)扣畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量保(bao)障關鍵環節,各(ge)自承擔起畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)指導(dao)(dao)所負責(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)任(ren)務。中央廣播(bo)電視大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養模(mo)式(shi)改革和(he)遠程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)放教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)試(shi)點(dian)研究”專(zhuan)家認為(wei),教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)義教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)界已從(cong)通常評價是(shi)(shi)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)數、考(kao)試(shi)成(cheng)績及(ji)(ji)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)數等方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)轉向到改進(jin)(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)。改進(jin)(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要措施(shi)有:①鼓(gu)勵教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師與學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸;②鼓(gu)勵學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)合作:③鼓(gu)勵積極主(zhu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi);④迅速的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息反饋(kui);⑤強調(diao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)作業(ye)(ye)(ye)所花的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間;⑥提出較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)期望(wang);⑦尊重學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)才(cai)能(neng)和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)方式(shi)。也就是(shi)(shi)說(shuo),針對畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)指導(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),應鼓(gu)勵師生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸,發揮學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)積極主(zhu)動(dong)性,鼓(gu)勵方便快捷的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息溝通和(he)反饋(kui),根據學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際情況開(kai)展有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)輔導(dao)(dao),實(shi)(shi)現教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自主(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必要引領(ling)和(he)指導(dao)(dao)。
隨著電大開放教育(yu)的深(shen)入開展,很顯然傳(chuan)統的畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)論文指導方(fang)式已不(bu)能與現代(dai)遠程開放教育(yu)的需求相(xiang)適應(ying)。針對存(cun)在問題,采用基于網絡的畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)論文交流指導平臺。如圖(tu)1所示。
由圖可見,學(xue)生需經(jing)過選題、提交(jiao)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)大綱、初(chu)稿(gao)、終稿(gao)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),這些過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要通過指(zhi)導(dao)教師、分校(xiao)及(ji)總校(xiao)專業(ye)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)進(jin)行(xing)選題審(shen)(shen)核,以及(ji)在設計過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)與指(zhi)導(dao)教師作多(duo)次雙(shuang)向交(jiao)流。論(lun)(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)導(dao)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)有兩個需要重點(dian)關注的(de)(de)環節:一是選題環節,該電大對學(xue)生的(de)(de)選題審(shen)(shen)核至(zhi)少要經(jing)過指(zhi)導(dao)教師、分校(xiao)專業(ye)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)和總校(xiao)專業(ye)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)的(de)(de)三重審(shen)(shen)核:二是學(xue)生提交(jiao)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),必須(xu)和指(zhi)導(dao)教師進(jin)行(xing)雙(shuang)向交(jiao)流,經(jing)指(zhi)導(dao)教師同意(yi)。經(jing)過大綱、初(chu)稿(gao)、終稿(gao)狀態,才(cai)能提交(jiao)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)。
2.2 畢(bi)業論(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)導(dao)流程的優化設(she)計
以往畢業論文的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程控制,多數局限于實際點名(學生參(can)加面授輔導)、填寫表格(開題報告(gao)、選(xuan)題登記、指導過(guo)(guo)(guo)程記錄等)等方(fang)式。根據目前多種指導方(fang)式并存的(de)情況,該校通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)基于網絡(luo)的(de)畢業論文指導(管(guan)理(li))平(ping)臺(tai)。分段(duan)規范(fan)師生的(de)溝通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程,同時(shi)針對(dui)畢業設計過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中的(de)選(xuan)題(開題)、大綱、初稿(gao)(或一稿(gao)、二(er)稿(gao)、三稿(gao))、定稿(gao)(終稿(gao))等幾個關鍵點,利用網絡(luo)的(de)遠程控制方(fang)式進行(xing)檢查。匯(hui)入畢業論文管(guan)理(li)平(ping)臺(tai),實施(shi)對(dui)畢業論文的(de)質量監(jian)控。
指導(dao)教師(shi)(shi)對學(xue)生(sheng)畢業設計的(de)(de)指導(dao)是(shi)(shi)全方(fang)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)指導(dao),是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)向、方(fang)法及進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)上(shang)的(de)(de)指導(dao),包括選題、資料的(de)(de)收(shou)集、擬(ni)定寫作(zuo)提綱、過程(cheng)的(de)(de)跟蹤指導(dao)和(he)解答疑難(nan)、答辯。特別是(shi)(shi)選題的(de)(de)確定和(he)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)跟蹤指導(dao)是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)。下面進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步以(yi)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)指導(dao)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng),研究(jiu)學(xue)術論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)指導(dao)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)及其質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制方(fang)法。一(yi)般來說。學(xue)位(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)指導(dao)平臺中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)指導(dao)系統流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(如圖2)。師(shi)(shi)生(sheng)可以(yi)利用網絡平臺,在網上(shang)實現學(xue)位(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)選題、學(xue)位(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)開題、學(xue)位(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)撰(zhuan)寫、學(xue)位(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)答辯等四個關鍵(jian)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制。在學(xue)生(sheng)撰(zhuan)寫學(xue)位(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),師(shi)(shi)生(sheng)之(zhi)間需(xu)要及時有效的(de)(de)溝通,嚴格遵守質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制關鍵(jian)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)各(ge)項要求(qiu)。
2.3 普(pu)通網(wang)絡通信指(zhi)導(dao)方式與論(lun)文(wen)指(zhi)導(dao)平(ping)臺的特點(dian)與適用場合
通過以(yi)上分(fen)析(xi),可以(yi)充分(fen)肯定(ding)網絡(luo)(luo)指導平臺(tai)對畢業論文(wen)質量控(kong)制(zhi)具(ju)有重(zhong)要(yao)的意(yi)義,基層遠(yuan)程教(jiao)育機構中單一的傳(chuan)統的畢業論文(wen)指導方式和管理(li)方式已經不能適應(ying)現(xian)實教(jiao)學(xue)需求,多種形式并存也給教(jiao)學(xue)管理(li)帶(dai)來困難(nan)。必須對當前不同網絡(luo)(luo)應(ying)用手(shou)段加(jia)以(yi)細致的比較分(fen)析(xi)。以(yi)下對普通網絡(luo)(luo)通訊實現(xian)方式與(yu)基于網絡(luo)(luo)平臺(tai)的實現(xian)方式,在工具(ju)、主(zhu)要(yao)用途(tu)、優缺點等方面(mian)進行了對比分(fen)析(xi),如表1。
通過以(yi)(yi)上兩種(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)方(fang)式(shi)的比較,可以(yi)(yi)發現兩者既有(you)共(gong)同(tong)點(dian),也存在一些差異。兩種(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)方(fang)式(shi)具有(you)以(yi)(yi)下共(gong)同(tong)點(dian):均利用互(hu)聯網進行交流(liu),要求(qiu)學生(sheng)都擁有(you)方(fang)便(bian)(bian)上網的電(dian)腦,各地由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)條件不一,一般(ban)要結合(he)傳統(tong)(tong)的輔(fu)導(dao)(dao)方(fang)式(shi),例如面授輔(fu)導(dao)(dao)、電(dian)話與文本(ben)輔(fu)導(dao)(dao),才能(neng)順利完成指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)工作。兩種(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)方(fang)式(shi)的不同(tong)點(dian)主要有(you):普通網絡通信(xin)方(fang)式(shi)多(duo)樣(yang),對于(yu)(yu)(yu)學生(sheng)來(lai)說(shuo)不難掌握(wo)。無需專門培訓,然而(er)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)通信(xin)方(fang)式(shi)多(duo)樣(yang),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)教師指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)記錄必然分(fen)散(san)。難于(yu)(yu)(yu)合(he)并,不利于(yu)(yu)(yu)論(lun)文管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進行統(tong)(tong)計(ji)和匯(hui)總:而(er)論(lun)文指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)網絡平臺指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)方(fang)式(shi)包括有(you)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)網站和交流(liu)平臺兩種(zhong),前者適合(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、專業責任人(ren)(ren)進行信(xin)息,而(er)后者適合(he)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)教師進行一對一輔(fu)導(dao)(dao),同(tong)時還(huan)具有(you)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)記錄查(cha)詢統(tong)(tong)計(ji)功能(neng),方(fang)便(bian)(bian)論(lun)文管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進行過程管(guan)(guan)
3 結論和思考
最后,結合以(yi)上(shang)兩(liang)類(lei)指導方式的特點,本文(wen)對基(ji)層遠程(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)機構如何開展畢業論(lun)文(wen)教(jiao)學過程(cheng)管理(li),將(jiang)畢業論(lun)文(wen)指導過程(cheng)關鍵環節(關鍵點)及(ji)指導教(jiao)師的主要職責、建議采用(yong)何種指導方式進行了整理(li)分析,提(ti)出的建議如表2。
篇10
1.建立醫學英語(yu)寫作(zuo)多媒體資源庫
各高等醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)校(xiao)可以(yi)組(zu)織相(xiang)關教(jiao)師,既(ji)包括(kuo)(kuo)該(gai)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)任課(ke)教(jiao)師,也包括(kuo)(kuo)經(jing)常在(zai)(zai)(zai)國外學(xue)(xue)(xue)術期刊(kan)上的(de)專業(ye)教(jiao)師以(yi)及(ji)經(jing)驗豐富的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)報編(bian)輯,甚至計算機教(jiao)師,共同創建醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)英語寫(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)多(duo)(duo)媒體資源(yuan)庫(ku)。資源(yuan)庫(ku)里的(de)文(wen)字材料(liao)并不是越多(duo)(duo)越好,而是要(yao)有代表性(xing)和(he)針對(dui)性(xing),內(nei)容(rong)既(ji)要(yao)避(bi)免(mian)過(guo)于(yu)深奧,也要(yao)避(bi)免(mian)過(guo)于(yu)科(ke)普(pu),要(yao)充(chong)分顧及(ji)到學(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)專業(ye)需求和(he)接(jie)受程(cheng)(cheng)度,合理取舍(she)。目前國內(nei)一些(xie)(xie)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)英語論文(wen)教(jiao)材在(zai)(zai)(zai)編(bian)寫(xie)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)或是過(guo)于(yu)注重語言在(zai)(zai)(zai)論文(wen)寫(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)的(de)重要(yao)性(xing),或是過(guo)于(yu)強(qiang)調內(nei)容(rong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)論文(wen)寫(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)的(de)重要(yao)性(xing),這(zhe)種片(pian)面性(xing)無法給學(xue)(xue)(xue)生以(yi)全面的(de)指導。所以(yi),課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)設計者(zhe)可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)分借鑒這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)教(jiao)材中(zhong)有關醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)英語論文(wen)寫(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)專業(ye)知識的(de)同時,從(cong)Nature、Science、NewEnglandJournalofMedicine等國外優秀學(xue)(xue)(xue)術期刊(kan)網站上下(xia)載一些(xie)(xie)具(ju)有代表性(xing)的(de)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)英語論文(wen)進行實例(li)分析。
資源庫里不僅要有大量醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英語論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)文(wen)字材(cai)料(liao),還(huan)(huan)應該包含與授課內容(rong)相關的(de)(de)圖片、聲音和影像等材(cai)料(liao),不僅可(ke)以(yi)(yi)豐富教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容(rong),拓(tuo)寬(kuan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)知識面,而且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)激(ji)發學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習興趣(qu),優(you)化教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果。課程設計者可(ke)以(yi)(yi)利用MicrosoftPowerpoint制(zhi)作教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)幻燈片,把論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)篇章結(jie)(jie)構以(yi)(yi)最直(zhi)觀的(de)(de)方式(shi)展現出(chu)來(lai),通過插入(ru)聲音講解,使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)熟(shu)練(lian)掌握(wo)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)固(gu)有格(ge)式(shi)———引言、材(cai)料(liao)與方法(fa)、結(jie)(jie)果和討論(lun)(lun)(lun)(IMRAD格(ge)式(shi))以(yi)(yi)及國(guo)外學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)期刊(kan)上醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)寫作規(gui)范(fan)和要求。課程設計者還(huan)(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)利用幻燈片對(dui)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英語論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)寫作中經常出(chu)現的(de)(de)一(yi)些典型的(de)(de)詞句進行(xing)分析,使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)能在今(jin)后的(de)(de)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)寫作中舉一(yi)反三,熟(shu)練(lian)應用。
在實際教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong),恰(qia)當利用(yong)電(dian)視(shi)錄像創(chuang)設與教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)容相吻合的情景教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),可以(yi)使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)身臨其境(jing),受(shou)到感染和啟示(shi),可以(yi)充分激發(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的求知欲。[1]在醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英語(yu)寫作課(ke)(ke)(ke)上,教師在對教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)重點內(nei)容進行講(jiang)解(jie)之(zhi)后,可以(yi)鏈接一些國外大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)部的生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)視(shi)頻,如美國華盛(sheng)頓大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)臺、美國楊百翰大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)BYU電(dian)視(shi)、美國普渡大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等。這(zhe)些在線課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)內(nei)容在網(wang)絡上極易(yi)獲取,筆者本人就經常在線觀看,里面不乏(fa)醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)論文(wen)的相關內(nei)容。這(zhe)不僅可以(yi)補充教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)容,還能(neng)夠(gou)讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)們(men)(men)深刻感受(shou)到國外大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)的氛圍,極大(da)地激發(fa)他們(men)(men)的學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)興趣。
2.建(jian)立醫學英語寫作網絡(luo)學習平臺(tai)
建立醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)英語寫作網絡(luo)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)平(ping)臺不僅能夠有效促(cu)進(jin)課(ke)堂教學(xue)(xue)目標的(de)實現,而(er)且能夠延(yan)伸和(he)拓(tuo)展課(ke)堂教學(xue)(xue)任務,培養學(xue)(xue)生獨(du)立思考能力(li)。通過網絡(luo),學(xue)(xue)生可(ke)以隨(sui)時隨(sui)地登錄到學(xue)(xue)習(xi)平(ping)臺進(jin)行醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)英語寫作的(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)。首先,學(xue)(xue)生必須(xu)要下載并安裝(zhuang)“學(xue)(xue)生客(ke)戶端”軟(ruan)件。然(ran)后,利用自己的(de)學(xue)(xue)號登錄自主(zhu)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)平(ping)臺,填寫個人信(xin)息以作為學(xue)(xue)生在該課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)結束后的(de)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)統計信(xin)息。
雖然(ran)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺具有開放性(xing)、輔和交互(hu)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian),能夠優化教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果。但(dan)是(shi),網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用應該作為(wei)常(chang)規課(ke)(ke)堂教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助和延伸,而不能完全替代課(ke)(ke)堂學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習。[2]所以(yi),教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)可以(yi)將與醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英(ying)語(yu)寫(xie)(xie)作相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料上(shang)傳到學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺,讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)自主地選擇相(xiang)關知(zhi)識點(dian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)課(ke)(ke)前預習和課(ke)(ke)后鞏固學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習。課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)設計者也(ye)(ye)可以(yi)在學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺上(shang)創建一些(xie)有助于提(ti)(ti)高醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英(ying)語(yu)寫(xie)(xie)作水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)威(wei)網(wang)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈接(jie),如AmericanMedicalWritersAssociation、TheMedi-calEditor、AmericanJournalExperts等,這些(xie)網(wang)站為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)提(ti)(ti)供了(le)大量醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英(ying)語(yu)寫(xie)(xie)作方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)資(zi)源,在一定程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)增加了(le)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)素(su)材(cai),拓寬了(le)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)視野,使醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英(ying)語(yu)寫(xie)(xie)作與國(guo)際接(jie)軌。在學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺上(shang),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)既可以(yi)瀏覽教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)視頻(pin)講解,做(zuo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習筆記,進(jin)行(xing)(xing)提(ti)(ti)問(wen)和討論;也(ye)(ye)可以(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)內(nei)容測試和寫(xie)(xie)作練習,還(huan)可以(yi)下載相(xiang)關學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習資(zi)料。系統會根據學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習情(qing)況(kuang)生(sheng)成學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習進(jin)展情(qing)況(kuang)表(biao),實時傳送給授(shou)課(ke)(ke)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)。授(shou)課(ke)(ke)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)對情(qing)況(kuang)表(biao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)匯總分析(xi),對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)在醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英(ying)語(yu)寫(xie)(xie)作學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習過程(cheng)中經常(chang)遇到的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)針對性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集中輔導。
網(wang)絡(luo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)也(ye)為學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)們提(ti)供了一個開放(fang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)環境。通(tong)過(guo)這個網(wang)絡(luo)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)可以(yi)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)地發現(xian)、思考和(he)(he)解(jie)(jie)決醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英(ying)語寫(xie)作(zuo)中(zhong)的(de)一些(xie)重點(dian)和(he)(he)難點(dian)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。由于醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英(ying)語寫(xie)作(zuo)是一個跨課程、跨學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科的(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活動(dong)(dong),很多問(wen)(wen)題(ti)是單一課程無法(fa)解(jie)(jie)釋或(huo)解(jie)(jie)決的(de),所以(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)網(wang)絡(luo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)尋求(qiu)相關領域教師的(de)幫(bang)助。例如,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)網(wang)絡(luo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)向英(ying)語老師尋求(qiu)語言方(fang)面的(de)幫(bang)助,或(huo)是向醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教師尋求(qiu)專業方(fang)面的(de)解(jie)(jie)釋,甚(shen)至可以(yi)向資深編輯就論文格(ge)式(shi)和(he)(he)寫(xie)作(zuo)風格(ge)尋求(qiu)指(zhi)導,從而(er)提(ti)高學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)動(dong)(dong)力和(he)(he)能力。
二、結語