導(dao)語(yu)：如(ru)何(he)才能(neng)寫好(hao)一篇如(ru)何(he)安全(quan)用電，這就(jiu)需要搜集整理(li)更(geng)多的資(zi)料和文(wen)獻，歡迎(ying)閱讀由公務員(yuan)之家整理(li)的十(shi)篇范文(wen)，供你借鑒。

篇1

1、正確使用電源線。家(jia)用電(dian)(dian)源線的(de)(de)主線至少應(ying)(ying)選用4mm2以上(shang)的(de)(de)銅芯線、鋁皮線或塑(su)料護套線,對經常(chang)移動的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣設備要采用質量好(hao)的(de)(de)軟線。對于老化嚴重的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)更換(huan)。

2、不(bu)用金屬(shu)碰電；手(shou)濕不(bu)碰電源。金屬(shu)的(de)物體(ti)是帶有(you)導電功(gong)能的(de)，無論(lun)在任何時候，我們都不(bu)要用金屬(shu)的(de)物體(ti)，比如螺(luo)絲刀、鐵釘等(deng)物體(ti)去接觸電源，以免觸電；我們用帶水的(de)手(shou)去接觸電源是很危險(xian)的(de)，包括潮(chao)濕的(de)毛巾等(deng)，也是不(bu)行(xing)的(de)。

3、正確使(shi)用(yong)家用(yong)電(dian)器。認真閱讀電(dian)器使(shi)用(yong)說(shuo)明書(shu)，留心其(qi)(qi)注意事項和維護保養要(yao)求。家用(yong)電(dian)器一般不(bu)要(yao)頻繁(fan)開關(guan)機，使(shi)用(yong)完畢后不(bu)僅要(yao)將其(qi)(qi)本身開關(guan)關(guan)閉(bi)，同(tong)時還應將電(dian)源插頭拔下。如果發(fa)現溫度異(yi)常，應斷電(dian)檢查，排除故障，并宜在線路中增設穩(wen)壓裝置(zhi)。

（來(lai)源(yuan)：文章屋網 ）

篇2

【關鍵詞】專(zhuan)業人員(yuan)；培訓(xun)；用電(dian)；安全(quan)管理

大客戶由于其發揮著廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)影響，涉及的(de)(de)人員(yuan)和財(cai)物數額較大，一(yi)旦出現(xian)安(an)(an)全(quan)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)后果不(bu)堪設(she)想，任何(he)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)都會(hui)(hui)給(gei)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)政治(zhi)、經濟、治(zhi)安(an)(an)等諸方(fang)面帶(dai)來很大影響。所以(yi)，大客戶應加(jia)強(qiang)用(yong)電的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)管理，積極采取各項(xiang)措施(shi)保障其安(an)(an)全(quan)用(yong)電。但(dan)是，很多(duo)企(qi)業自(zi)身存在較大的(de)(de)用(yong)電安(an)(an)全(quan)隱患，且(qie)對供(gong)(gong)電管理單位提出的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)改要(yao)求不(bu)積極配(pei)合(he)，給(gei)供(gong)(gong)用(yong)電安(an)(an)全(quan)帶(dai)來巨大的(de)(de)隱患。針對上(shang)述情況，對如何(he)抓好重要(yao)客戶的(de)(de)用(yong)電安(an)(an)全(quan)管理，確(que)保隱患整(zheng)(zheng)改到位，消除(chu)安(an)(an)全(quan)風險，這是政府以(yi)及供(gong)(gong)用(yong)電雙方(fang)乃至整(zheng)(zheng)個社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)共(gong)同關(guan)注的(de)(de)問題。下(xia)面以(yi)山東(dong)章(zhang)丘供(gong)(gong)電公司(si)為例做下(xia)實際介(jie)紹。

山東章丘電(dian)力公司(si)供電(dian)公司(si)，作為(wei)山東電(dian)力的(de)管理單位(wei)，整個公司(si)營銷部共管轄用電(dian)大客(ke)(ke)戶24家，其中110kV以(yi)上客(ke)(ke)戶3戶，35kV客(ke)(ke)戶21家，變壓器(qi)總容量86600千(qian)伏安(an)，變壓器(qi)80臺。客(ke)(ke)戶量多，規模大，管理容不得半點疏忽(hu)，工作需做到詳盡有計劃(hua)，定時對(dui)客(ke)(ke)戶經行抽(chou)查審核，確保安(an)全生產。

為防止用電安全事故的發生可采取以下措施(shi)：

一、安全用電

1、防(fang)止觸電事故的發(fa)生

定(ding)(ding)期(qi)對技(ji)術(shu)人員(yuan)(yuan)經行安(an)(an)全(quan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)教育(yu)，擴大相(xiang)關(guan)知識面；制定(ding)(ding)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)制度(du)，減少事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)發生；在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)裝使(shi)用(yong)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設(she)(she)備時，嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)規章(zhang)流(liu)程進行操(cao)作(zuo)，禁(jin)止違規行為的(de)(de)(de)發生；合理安(an)(an)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)裝置(zhi)，部(bu)分應(ying)(ying)有(you)安(an)(an)全(quan)提示或采取(qu)(qu)加(jia)護，杜絕不(bu)必要的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)隱患。供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)還應(ying)(ying)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)檢測，重點是(shi)絕緣部(bu)分破損，有(you)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)危險，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器故(gu)障，運轉異常等諸(zhu)如此類狀況發生的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)予(yu)以高(gao)度(du)重視，維(wei)(wei)護過程中(zhong)小心(xin)謹慎，修(xiu)護徹(che)底。避免將(jiang)容(rong)易帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)金屬物擺在(zai)(zai)(zai)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)較(jiao)近的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)，將(jiang)高(gao)壓線(xian)架在(zai)(zai)(zai)人們(men)容(rong)易接觸(chu)到的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)密集的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方貼上(shang)明顯(xian)提醒標志。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備出(chu)現故(gu)障時應(ying)(ying)避免不(bu)懂用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)知識，不(bu)熟悉(xi)操(cao)作(zuo)規程的(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)(yuan)對設(she)(she)備進行搶修(xiu)，裝卸。在(zai)(zai)(zai)專業(ye)人員(yuan)(yuan)維(wei)(wei)護中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)采取(qu)(qu)好的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)護措施，不(bu)帶(dai)危險禁(jin)忌觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)品。

2、嚴格遵守(shou)用(yong)電(dian)規范

高壓(ya)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)操作規范：先切斷電源。拉下電閘時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)使用干(gan)燥安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣物品，在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)對安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)上經行(xing)(xing)這個流程，這個過程一(yi)般(ban)要(yao)求(qiu)兩個人同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)(xing)，增加(jia)過程中的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)有(you)效性。絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)物品平(ping)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)擺在(zai)(zai)明(ming)顯易得的(de)(de)位置方便在(zai)(zai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故發生時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間作出反應(ying)，采取(qu)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)措施，工(gong)(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也應(ying)給以提示，說明(ming)此(ci)事(shi)(shi)(shi)經行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)宜。在(zai)(zai)檢查設(she)(she)備(bei)上須確保設(she)(she)備(bei)無電狀態(tai)下時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再開展工(gong)(gong)作，不要(yao)直(zhi)接接觸(chu)帶電部分。低壓(ya)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)操作規范：操作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保證(zheng)自己所站位置的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)性，身(shen)體與地(di)面(mian)有(you)良好的(de)(de)接觸(chu)點，工(gong)(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)站在(zai)(zai)絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)地(di)方，穿防護服，上下的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具宜應(ying)有(you)好的(de)(de)防電性能(neng)。工(gong)(gong)作人員工(gong)(gong)作中應(ying)注意，不穿短衣(yi)短褲(ku)，不與旁邊的(de)(de)物體接觸(chu)。

3、用(yong)電管理(li)防(fang)火措施

導線的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)數應該保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)限額(e)內，原則上(shang)(shang)不超(chao)過規(gui)定的(de)(de)數值(zhi)，為了電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)性能良好，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)流(liu)分(fen)(fen)配中應嚴格按照線路分(fen)(fen)流(liu)分(fen)(fen)壓(ya)規(gui)范進行(xing)，而且在(zai)(zai)線路中每條分(fen)(fen)路單獨(du)使用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)上(shang)(shang)，應設有保(bao)險器(qi)；防電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)更換(huan)應按照實際情況而定，不能隨意調換(huan)，不然會發生保(bao)險不到位，而出現觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)事故。導線與設備的(de)(de)連(lian)接處(chu)，必須接觸良好；如果遇(yu)到火災時(shi)，應先(xian)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)后(hou)滅(mie)火。

二、觸電(dian)時應采取的措施(shi)

當發(fa)現有人觸(chu)電(dian)時(shi)應立即在(zai)附近找到絕(jue)緣物(wu)體，切(qie)不(bu)(bu)可用(yong)絕(jue)緣的潮(chao)濕(shi)物(wu)進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)救(jiu)，這(zhe)樣會(hui)發(fa)生再次觸(chu)電(dian)的危險，救(jiu)助(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)應找諸如木棍、繩索(suo)、竹竿等干燥的不(bu)(bu)導電(dian)材(cai)料(liao)挑開觸(chu)電(dian)者(zhe)(zhe)身(shen)上的電(dian)源，如果(guo)此(ci)時(shi)受害者(zhe)(zhe)的衣物(wu)或用(yong)品是干燥的也(ye)可。這(zhe)樣更方便及時(shi)搶救(jiu)。如果(guo)發(fa)現受害者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)處(chu)發(fa)生觸(chu)電(dian)事(shi)故，營救(jiu)人員應穿(chuan)好全(quan)身(shen)防觸(chu)電(dian)的專業服裝，安(an)全(quan)的腳蹬，靴子，手把等絕(jue)緣攀(pan)爬(pa)設備，在(zai)到達一定高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)后，把觸(chu)電(dian)者(zhe)(zhe)拉出觸(chu)電(dian)區域，并小心(xin)地抱(bao)下高(gao)(gao)(gao)空(kong)，此(ci)時(shi)要格外注意觸(chu)電(dian)者(zhe)(zhe)的安(an)全(quan)，防止在(zai)施(shi)救(jiu)過程中受害者(zhe)(zhe)從高(gao)(gao)(gao)處(chu)掉下來的危險。在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)過程中救(jiu)人者(zhe)(zhe)需具備熟練的電(dian)路技(ji)術(shu)和攀(pan)爬(pa)技(ji)巧，及時(shi)有效地采(cai)取(qu)救(jiu)護(hu)，這(zhe)對觸(chu)電(dian)者(zhe)(zhe)的營救(jiu)至(zhi)關(guan)重要，并冷靜面對突(tu)況和突(tu)發(fa)事(shi)件，同時(shi)又能(neng)保護(hu)好自己的安(an)全(quan)。

當(dang)觸電(dian)者(zhe)脫離危險境(jing)地后，應根據不同的情(qing)況采取(qu)相應的救助(zhu)，如(ru)(ru)果觸電(dian)者(zhe)尚有(you)呼吸和生(sheng)命跡象，只是暫時昏迷，失去知覺(jue)，這個時候(hou)可(ke)讓他平躺，趕快撥打急(ji)救電(dian)話或送往(wang)醫(yi)院搶(qiang)救治療(liao)。如(ru)(ru)果觸電(dian)者(zhe)已(yi)經(jing)沒有(you)感覺(jue)，但是能自主呼吸，但微弱，應使他在(zai)(zai)空氣流通的地方靜臥，同時可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)他身上灑些冷水(shui)，摩擦全身，使他發熱并迅速召請醫(yi)生(sheng)；如(ru)(ru)果發現呼吸困難或逐漸衰弱并有(you)痙攣現象，則須施行人(ren)工(gong)呼吸；如(ru)(ru)觸電(dian)人(ren)的呼吸停止，脈(mo)博、心臟也停止跳(tiao)動，此(ci)時仍然不能認(ren)為已(yi)經(jing)死亡，這時應立即施行人(ren)工(gong)呼吸，直到醫(yi)生(sheng)來。

三、總結

大(da)客戶在用(yong)電安(an)全(quan)上應(ying)以加強自身操作規(gui)范(fan)和(he)(he)技術專業(ye)只是為主，切實(shi)貫(guan)(guan)徹用(yong)電規(gui)程和(he)(he)守則(ze)，學習突發事件的(de)應(ying)對(dui)方法，多閱讀(du)相(xiang)(xiang)關書(shu)籍，有(you)強烈的(de)安(an)全(quan)防護意識，完善電力(li)運(yun)作體制、杜絕用(yong)電安(an)全(quan)隱患，維護電網運(yun)營系統的(de)安(an)全(quan)性和(he)(he)有(you)效性。政府(fu)組織管理相(xiang)(xiang)關部(bu)門(men)切實(shi)貫(guan)(guan)徹好電力(li)安(an)全(quan)措施規(gui)范(fan)，對(dui)大(da)企業(ye)，大(da)公(gong)司的(de)電力(li)部(bu)門(men)做(zuo)好督導管理，監督，檢查的(de)各項工作，履行好自己(ji)的(de)職責(ze)，維護廣大(da)群眾，企業(ye)的(de)生命財產(chan)安(an)全(quan)，構建和(he)(he)諧電網。

參考文獻

[1]張良樓，徐鳳(feng).淺議做好電力安全管理(li)工作的對策(ce)[J].經(jing)營(ying)管理(li)者，2011年02期

 [2]林毅昌.淺(qian)析電(dian)力安(an)全管理[J].經營管理者，2010年18期(qi)

[3]李其(qi)書.電(dian)(dian)力安全管理(li)中常(chang)見(jian)的問題及建議[J].電(dian)(dian)力安全技術，2010年04期

篇3

據《信息時(shi)(shi)報》報道(dao)，2016年(nian)2月21日22時(shi)(shi)多，廣州市白云區(qu)太和鎮(zhen)新安(an)(an)街附近(jin)的某住宅室內，二(er)少女(nv)疑在使用熱水器(qi)過程中因(yin)觸電搶救無效死亡。花樣年(nian)華香消玉殞，實(shi)在令人惋惜(xi)！事情的起因(yin)到底(di)是(shi)什么呢？是(shi)電熱水器(qi)為不合格產品，或是(shi)非(fei)正常安(an)(an)裝存在安(an)(an)全隱患(huan)？還是(shi)電熱水器(qi)本來(lai)已出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)，使用維護不當？

由于事(shi)情(qing)還在調查中(zhong)，我們(men)還不能輕易下(xia)結論(lun)。但電熱水器的(de)質量安全(quan)問題(ti)已經敲響了大家的(de)生活警(jing)鐘。只有消除了種種安全(quan)隱患，正(zheng)確使用電熱水器，消費者才能更好(hao)地保障自身的(de)安全(quan)。

選購(gou)專業生產電熱水器的(de)品(pin)牌

選購電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器時，建議消費者盡量選擇知名大品(pin)(pin)牌、專業(ye)生產(chan)電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器的(de)(de)廠家(jia)(jia)。相(xiang)比較而言(yan)，大品(pin)(pin)牌、專業(ye)生產(chan)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器的(de)(de)廠家(jia)(jia)，無(wu)論在生產(chan)設備，還是產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量上，在行業(ye)內(nei)絕對是領頭羊。因為這(zhe)類企(qi)業(ye)敢于投(tou)入生產(chan)成本，善于改進(jin)制造工藝(yi)，安全(quan)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)有(you)保障，大多(duo)數(shu)擁有(you)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)合(he)格證(zheng)(zheng)及(ji)CCC認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標(biao)志，而擁有(you)CCC認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標(biao)志的(de)(de)電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器就代(dai)表著(zhu)其已經(jing)通(tong)過國家(jia)(jia)強制性(xing)電(dian)器安全(quan)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)。（注：電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器屬于國家(jia)(jia)“3C”認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，每(mei)批電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器出(chu)廠前必須獲得CCC認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)）

同(tong)時(shi)，我們也要謹防某些偽造產(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證說(shuo)明的(de)廠家，購買前(qian)必(bi)須仔細檢查產(chan)品(pin)的(de)標(biao)志、規格型號以及(ji)商(shang)標(biao)是否(fou)與產(chan)品(pin)說(shuo)明書(shu)一致。

市場上(shang)，電(dian)熱水(shui)器可簡(jian)單(dan)劃分(fen)為儲水(shui)式(shi)電(dian)熱水(shui)器和快熱式(shi)電(dian)熱水(shui)器。

儲水(shui)式電熱水(shui)器主要由外殼、內膽、加熱元件和(he)控制裝置四大部分(fen)組成。其(qi)中內膽用來裝水(shui)，一(yi)般由強度較(jiao)高(gao)的不銹鋼(gang)或鐵制成（內膽內側搪瓷）。儲水(shui)式電熱水(shui)器因其(qi)方便、清潔，迎合了現代人(ren)的小資需求。

快熱式電熱水(shui)器因(yin)為需要(yao)快速加(jia)熱熱水(shui)，所以其(qi)(qi)設計額定(ding)功(gong)率較(jiao)大。過往，它對(dui)配(pei)電系統的較(jiao)高(gao)要(yao)求使其(qi)(qi)在普及發(fa)展上(shang)受到一定(ding)約(yue)束。近(jin)幾年，隨著住房條件的改善，快熱式因(yin)其(qi)(qi)安裝方便(bian)、體積較(jiao)小加(jia)上(shang)造(zao)型方面的改進，受到了越來越多消費(fei)者(zhe)關注。

安裝需規范，注(zhu)意“接(jie)地”措施

安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)水器時，消費者應該盡量選擇有安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)資(zi)質的(de)技術人員來操(cao)作。這(zhe)是(shi)因為安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)不規范(fan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)水器有可(ke)能導致(zhi)觸電(dian)(dian)等危險事故的(de)發生。其中，操(cao)作規范(fan)主要包括以(yi)下兩個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)，一方(fang)面(mian)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插(cha)座(zuo)的(de)位置應在水流(liu)無法噴濺到的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)。另一方(fang)面(mian)，最好使用火線(xian)(xian)、零線(xian)(xian)、地(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)連(lian)接位置正確(que)的(de)防(fang)濺三(san)孔插(cha)座(zuo)。值得注意的(de)是(shi)，無接地(di)(di)(di)（地(di)(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)）和接地(di)(di)(di)不可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)水器存在相當大的(de)安(an)全隱患(huan)（注意：家用入戶線(xian)(xian)必(bi)須可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)接地(di)(di)(di)，嚴禁(jin)將自來水管和煤氣管作為接地(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置使用）。

黃(huang)線(xian)（地線(xian)）若是松動，表示(shi)未接地。若熱水器(qi)發生漏電(dian)，漏電(dian)流將不會(hui)到地上(shang)，而是到人上(shang)。

如(ru)何正確使(shi)用及進(jin)行(xing)有效維護(hu)？

消費者使(shi)用電熱水器時(shi)，若出現故障(zhang)，應立即停止(zhi)使(shi)用（嚴禁用濕手(shou)拔(ba)電源線(xian)，以防(fang)觸電），并請專業(ye)人士進行維修(xiu)。

在有條件的(de)情況下，我們(men)可以(yi)定期對(dui)電(dian)源(yuan)線上的(de)漏電(dian)保(bao)護開(kai)關進行漏電(dian)測試。若漏電(dian)保(bao)護開(kai)關不(bu)能(neng)正常(chang)被斷開(kai)，用戶也應(ying)停(ting)止使用并進行維(wei)修。

如果發現電源線(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)功能(neng)下降時，用(yong)戶應盡量避免電熱(re)水器表面與淋浴(yu)的水流接觸并及時檢修。

同時，消費(fei)者應該知道(dao)，電熱(re)水器的使(shi)用壽(shou)命一般不(bu)應超(chao)過6年(nian)，超(chao)過年(nian)限就應及時更(geng)換。電熱(re)水器產品的安(an)全質量和規范安(an)裝都必(bi)須符(fu)合國家相關標準(zhun)，這(zhe)樣才能更(geng)有效地保障消費(fei)者人身安(an)全。

在國家(jia)(jia)強制性標(biao)準(zhun)中，涉及電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安全(quan)質(zhi)量(liang)檢測的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)有：GB 4706.1-2005《家(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)類似用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)安全(quan) 第1部分：通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)求(qiu)》、GB 4706.12-2006《家(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)類似用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)安全(quan) 儲水(shui)式熱(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)特殊要(yao)求(qiu)》和(he)GB 4706.11-2008《家(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)類似用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)安全(quan) 快熱(re)式熱(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)特殊要(yao)求(qiu)》。而涉及電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)為GB 20429-2006《電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)規范》。

篇4

1、點煙器不能裸(luo)漏在外，裸(luo)露(lu)在外的點煙器容易將金屬(shu)物體或者廢紙團遺(yi)漏到里面去，造成堵塞或者短路，甚至會引(yin)起(qi)起(qi)火的現象發生；

2、不(bu)要(yao)再熄(xi)火狀態下長(chang)時(shi)間使用(yong)點煙(yan)器，使用(yong)點煙(yan)器時(shi)，直接(jie)索取汽車電(dian)瓶(ping)的電(dian)量(liang)，長(chang)此使用(yong)，汽車電(dian)瓶(ping)的壽命會大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短；

3、確保(bao)(bao)點煙(yan)器(qi)的質量問題(ti)，盡量購買(mai)質量有保(bao)(bao)證點煙(yan)器(qi)，防止造成點煙(yan)器(qi)的內部短路，直至損耗(hao)保(bao)(bao)險絲，甚至引(yin)起汽車的整個電路系統(tong)故障(zhang)；

篇5

一、指導思想

深入實(shi)施“新農村(cun)、新電力、新服務”農電發展(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve)，以人為本(ben)，多措(cuo)并舉，全方位開(kai)展(zhan)農村(cun)用電安全宣傳教育，努力夯實(shi)農村(cun)用電安全基礎，根本(ben)改(gai)善農村(cun)用電安全狀況，構建和諧的農村(cun)供用電環境。

二、總體要求

堅持服務“三農(nong)”為(wei)(wei)宗(zong)旨(zhi)，以實現(xian)農(nong)村用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)居(ju)民(min)“用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)放(fang)心電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)安(an)電(dian)(dian)”為(wei)(wei)目(mu)標，各村（居(ju)）要結合農(nong)村生產生活用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)的特點，精心策劃(hua)，周密制定工作方(fang)案(an)和計劃(hua)，加大農(nong)村用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)安(an)全(quan)知識(shi)(shi)的宣傳(chuan)力度，仔(zi)細排查(cha)并徹底解決農(nong)村用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)不安(an)全(quan)隱患，切實提(ti)高農(nong)村安(an)全(quan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)意識(shi)(shi)和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，確(que)保安(an)全(quan)供用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)。

三、切實重視農村用電安全(quan)工作，認(ren)真落(luo)實責任(ren)制

農(nong)(nong)(nong)村用(yong)電安全(quan)(quan)工作(zuo)是各村（居）、鎮直各單位的(de)重要(yao)職(zhi)責(ze)，特別是每年6月至10月是農(nong)(nong)(nong)村用(yong)電高峰期和高溫雷雨(yu)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)，也(ye)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)村觸電事故(gu)易發季(ji)節(jie)(jie)，各村（居）、單位務(wu)必高度(du)重視農(nong)(nong)(nong)村用(yong)電安全(quan)(quan)工作(zuo)，認真(zhen)落實(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村用(yong)電安全(quan)(quan)的(de)各項(xiang)組織(zhi)措(cuo)施和技術(shu)措(cuo)施，逐級(ji)建立農(nong)(nong)(nong)村用(yong)電安全(quan)(quan)工作(zuo)責(ze)任制，一級(ji)抓一級(ji)，層(ceng)層(ceng)落實(shi)責(ze)任。各村（居）、單位主要(yao)負(fu)責(ze)人要(yao)經常深入農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)和田間場頭(tou)進(jin)行檢查、指導、幫助農(nong)(nong)(nong)民解決(jue)用(yong)電安全(quan)(quan)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)問題，切實(shi)把農(nong)(nong)(nong)村用(yong)電安全(quan)(quan)工作(zuo)抓緊抓好。

四(si)、廣(guang)泛開展宣(xuan)傳教育、普及安全用電常(chang)識

各村(cun)（居）、單位要充分(fen)利用(yong)電(dian)視、廣(guang)(guang)播、報刊、標語等輿論作用(yong)，廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)開展農(nong)村(cun)安(an)全(quan)用(yong)電(dian)常識的宣傳(chuan)教育(yu)，增(zeng)強(qiang)村(cun)民及中小(xiao)學(xue)生的安(an)全(quan)用(yong)電(dian)常識的宣傳(chuan)教育(yu)，增(zeng)強(qiang)村(cun)民及中小(xiao)學(xue)生的安(an)全(quan)用(yong)電(dian)知(zhi)識和(he)防范(fan)事故意識。加強(qiang)企校共建，豐富校園用(yong)電(dian)安(an)全(quan)教育(yu)內容(rong)

以鎮中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)小(xiao)學(xue)為宣傳平臺，在(zai)鎮中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)小(xiao)學(xue)內(nei)廣泛開展(zhan)用電(dian)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)教育，鎮中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)小(xiao)學(xue)要成為“農村(cun)校(xiao)園電(dian)力安全(quan)(quan)(quan)教育基(ji)地”，并要聘請一名“農村(cun)校(xiao)園電(dian)力安全(quan)(quan)(quan)教師(shi)”。供(gong)電(dian)所每學(xue)期(qi)要到中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)小(xiao)學(xue)開展(zhan)一次用電(dian)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)教育，增強全(quan)(quan)(quan)校(xiao)師(shi)生用電(dian)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)知識(shi)和意識(shi)。

五、開展安全(quan)用電檢查、落實各項防范措施

各村（居）單位(wei)要(yao)在(zai)農村用電(dian)(dian)高峰到來(lai)之前對供(gong)電(dian)(dian)設施、漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝置(zhi)進行一次全面檢(jian)查，發現危及(ji)安全的(de)應(ying)立即修復或更換。要(yao)在(zai)鎮黨委(wei)政府的(de)統一領導下，配合公安、農機(ji)等(deng)部門、重點對場(chang)頭(tou)、田頭(tou)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)和照(zhao)明設施進行檢(jian)查，及(ji)時做(zuo)好“三夏”和“雙(shuang)秋”期間電(dian)(dian)氣火災事(shi)(shi)故的(de)預防工(gong)作，農事(shi)(shi)季節各村（居）和供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所要(yao)加強電(dian)(dian)力設備的(de)巡視、確保(bao)用電(dian)(dian)安全。

六、進(jin)一步做好農村電網建設與改造工程中的安(an)全工作

供電(dian)(dian)所(suo)要認真貫(guan)徹上級(ji)供電(dian)(dian)公司關(guan)于加強農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設(she)(she)與改造(zao)工(gong)(gong)程安全工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)通知，結合本(ben)鎮實(shi)際，制(zhi)定具體的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)辦法，認真加以落實(shi)。大力(li)宣傳(chuan)保護電(dian)(dian)力(li)設(she)(she)施(shi)，禁止在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)設(she)(she)施(shi)保護范(fan)圍內堆放柴草、設(she)(she)河捕(bu)魚(yu)、蓋房(fang)、挖(wa)土、植樹等違章行為、確保電(dian)(dian)網正常運(yun)行和(he)公共安全。供電(dian)(dian)所(suo)要加強對農(nong)電(dian)(dian)員工(gong)(gong)進(jin)行安全培訓教育，使(shi)他(ta)們掌握(wo)必要的(de)(de)安全常識(shi)和(he)防范(fan)用電(dian)(dian)事故及觸電(dian)(dian)急救的(de)(de)技能。

七(qi)、高度重視新建或(huo)改建房的(de)用電安全

各村（居）和供電所要(yao)迅速(su)組織人員對(dui)所屬范圍內的(de)自建或(huo)商品(pin)房進(jin)行(xing)一次全(quan)面(mian)檢查(cha)，必(bi)須(xu)對(dui)每(mei)(mei)一幢建筑(zhu)(zhu)，每(mei)(mei)一條(tiao)線路的(de)水(shui)平或(huo)垂(chui)直距離進(jin)行(xing)實測，保證(zheng)有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)安(an)全(quan)距離。對(dui)新(xin)建房或(huo)商品(pin)房在用(yong)電之前必(bi)須(xu)先(xian)進(jin)行(xing)絕緣檢測，符合(he)要(yao)求方可(ke)裝表接電，不得留有(you)后患(huan)。凡在舊建筑(zhu)(zhu)物需要(yao)拆除時，首先(xian)及時先(xian)將電源切除，妥協處理(li)。

八(ba)、重視農村電(dian)網建設(she)與規(gui)劃

各(ge)村(cun)（居(ju)）要(yao)加強與土管(guan)、城建(jian)(jian)部(bu)門聯系。對規(gui)劃的建(jian)(jian)筑物必須符合《架空配(pei)電(dian)線路設計技術規(gui)定》，居(ju)民(min)集中區需臨(lin)時(shi)用電(dian)者(zhe)，應按臨(lin)時(shi)用電(dian)要(yao)求辦理手續，安(an)(an)裝符合規(gui)程規(gui)定，到(dao)(dao)期拆除。各(ge)村(cun)（居(ju)）要(yao)依(yi)照《電(dian)力(li)線路防(fang)護(hu)規(gui)程》和《電(dian)力(li)設施(shi)(shi)保護(hu)條例》嚴格(ge)把好(hao)電(dian)力(li)設施(shi)(shi)的安(an)(an)全(quan)關，明確任務，責任到(dao)(dao)人。

九、開(kai)展農業生產臨時用電及家用電器的(de)絕緣檢測示范活動

夏季高溫高濕季節是(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)、農(nong)(nong)民(min)生活和臨時用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)期(qi)，也正(zheng)是(shi)各類農(nong)(nong)村(cun)人身觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故(gu)、農(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器事(shi)故(gu)的多發期(qi)，因此(ci)開展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)臨時用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的絕緣檢測(ce)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)活動具有較強的現(xian)實(shi)意義(yi)，各村(cun)（居）要以指(zhi)導(dao)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)用(yong)(yong)戶規(gui)范(fan)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施為重(zhong)點，配合供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所專業(ye)人員在使用(yong)(yong)現(xian)場開展(zhan)宣傳和測(ce)試活動。檢測(ce)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)活動要堅持(chi)重(zhong)在教育農(nong)(nong)戶如(ru)何(he)(he)正(zheng)確(que)使用(yong)(yong)、檢測(ce)家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機具，如(ru)何(he)(he)避免觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故(gu)發生，如(ru)何(he)(he)正(zheng)確(que)進行觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)施救等。

篇6

【關鍵詞】：用(yong)電檢查；差異化服務(wu)；電力企業(ye)

中(zhong)圖分類號(hao)TU2文獻標識碼：A文章編號(hao)：2095-2104（2012）

O引言

在供電(dian)行業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，用電(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)是用電(dian)營業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)的(de)一個重要(yao)環節，同時(shi)(shi)用電(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)工(gong)作也是供電(dian)行業(ye)(ye)面向(xiang)用電(dian)客戶的(de)窗口，是對供電(dian)企業(ye)(ye)自(zi)身及用電(dian)客戶的(de)責任，隨著(zhu)客戶安全服務(wu)工(gong)作越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)擺到重要(yao)的(de)位(wei)置，用電(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)同時(shi)(shi)還(huan)是維護正常供用電(dian)秩序，提高用電(dian)營業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作質量和自(zi)身經(jing)濟效益的(de)重要(yao)管(guan)(guan)理方(fang)式之(zhi)一。

然而由于客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)數量增(zeng)加過(guo)快，電(dian)(dian)力企(qi)業發展在(zai)(zai)保證安全供電(dian)(dian)的同(tong)時，還要(yao)同(tong)時搞好(hao)優質服務工(gong)作(zuo)，工(gong)作(zuo)量的增(zeng)加、工(gong)作(zuo)難度的加大(da)，促使很多工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)質量上出現滑坡。用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)必須以事(shi)實為依(yi)據，以國(guo)家有關電(dian)(dian)力供應與使用(yong)(yong)的法規、方針、政策，以及國(guo)家和電(dian)(dian)力行業的標準為準則，對用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)的電(dian)(dian)力使用(yong)(yong)進行檢(jian)查(cha)，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)人(ren)員(yuan)必須遵(zun)紀守法，依(yi)法檢(jian)查(cha)，謙(qian)潔奉公，不(bu)，不(bu)以電(dian)(dian)謀私(si)。

1用電檢查的內涵

供(gong)電(dian)企業(ye)進(jin)行用電(dian)檢查(cha)包括下列內容：①用戶(hu)受(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)、送電(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量檢驗；②用戶(hu)受(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)、送電(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)中電(dian)氣設備(bei)運行安全狀(zhuang)況(kuang)：③用戶(hu)保安電(dian)源和非(fei)電(dian)性質(zhi)的(de)保安措施(shi)；④用戶(hu)防事故措施(shi)；⑤用電(dian)計量裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、電(dian)力負荷監測裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、繼電(dian)保護和自(zi)動裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、調度通訊等安全運行狀(zhuang)況(kuang)；⑥受(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)端(duan)電(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量狀(zhuang)況(kuang)；⑦危害供(gong)用電(dian)安全，擾亂正常供(gong)用電(dian)秩序的(de)行為和竊電(dian)行為；⑧并(bing)網電(dian)源、自(zi)備(bei)電(dian)源并(bing)網安全情況(kuang)。

客戶安(an)全(quan)維系的(de)是電網(wang)安(an)全(quan)和電網(wang)形象，客戶服(fu)務中(zhong)心(xin)用電檢查部(bu)安(an)全(quan)、基礎、服(fu)務“三(san)步(bu)并進”的(de)方式全(quan)方位做好用電檢查工作，必將為(wei)客戶安(an)全(quan)和電網(wang)安(an)全(quan)構建起一道(dao)牢不可破的(de)“安(an)全(quan)網(wang)”。

為了做好(hao)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)工作(zuo)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)建立(li)健全組織機構，還要(yao)(yao)使廣大用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)客戶(hu)形(xing)成依法用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、安全用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)識。在(zai)實際開展用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)工作(zuo)中，要(yao)(yao)求用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)人員以認真(zhen)扎實的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)風，仔細(xi)對(dui)照用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)工作(zuo)單的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)內容，逐(zhu)(zhu)項逐(zhu)(zhu)條檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)，不(bu)放過(guo)細(xi)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)異常(chang)情(qing)(qing)況。檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)時(shi)(shi)必須認真(zhen)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)計(ji)量裝置的(de)(de)(de)封印是(shi)(shi)否(fou)完好(hao)，計(ji)量設(she)備接線是(shi)(shi)否(fou)正確(que)，運行狀況是(shi)(shi)否(fou)與(yu)實際相符(fu)，有無過(guo)熱(re)，接觸不(bu)良等，要(yao)(yao)特(te)別注意(yi)細(xi)節的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)。用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)人員進行現(xian)場(chang)(chang)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)有耐心(xin)。我們在(zai)進行用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)時(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)要(yao)(yao)有用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方的(de)(de)(de)有關人員在(zai)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)專用(yong)變用(yong)戶(hu)，在(zai)其(qi)負責人不(bu)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況下我們不(bu)能隨意(yi)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)進行檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)以免影(ying)響生產。

隨著科學技(ji)(ji)(ji)術的不(bu)斷進步，竊(qie)(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)手法也越來越趨向(xiang)于(yu)多元化(hua)和技(ji)(ji)(ji)術化(hua)。因此(ci)，對用電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢查人員要經常進行(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術培訓及經驗(yan)交流，使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢查人員不(bu)斷提高(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術水平，及時撐(cheng)控竊(qie)(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動態，更(geng)好的打擊、制止、防(fang)范竊(qie)(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的不(bu)法行(xing)為。阻止違章用電(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)為，加強安全用電(dian)(dian)(dian)知識

宣(xuan)傳，及(ji)時排除安全(quan)隱患是(shi)當前用電檢(jian)查部的工作重心。

2做好用電檢查對供電企業(ye)的要求

目前，違章(zhang)用(yong)(yong)電、竊(qie)電方法繁多、并呈高(gao)技(ji)術(shu)化傾向，而(er)用(yong)(yong)電檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)工作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)水平及(ji)相(xiang)關檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測設備難(nan)以滿足(zu)要求，致(zhi)(zhi)使一些隱蔽(bi)性的(de)、高(gao)技(ji)術(shu)性的(de)違章(zhang)用(yong)(yong)電、竊(qie)電行為難(nan)以被查(cha)到(dao)，這就需(xu)要提高(gao)用(yong)(yong)電檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)業(ye)務(wu)能力和服(fu)務(wu)水平。在(zai)日(ri)常(chang)的(de)用(yong)(yong)電檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)工作(zuo)中，部(bu)分用(yong)(yong)電檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)往往只注(zhu)重檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)結(jie)果而(er)忽略檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)程序，致(zhi)(zhi)使客戶(hu)(hu)(hu)懷疑檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)的(de)合法性，反(fan)告(gao)供電企業(ye)侵權。用(yong)(yong)電檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)開展用(yong)(yong)電檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)過程中，對用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)線路存在(zai)安(an)全隱患的(de)情(qing)況，應及(ji)時幫助用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)提出整改措施，提高(gao)服(fu)務(wu)廣大用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)能力。

供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)人員(yuan)應(ying)(ying)具(ju)備如下(xia)條件(jian)：①作風正派(pai)，辦事公(gong)道，廉潔奉公(gong)。②已(yi)經取得相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)資格。聘(pin)(pin)為(wei)一級(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)員(yuan)者，應(ying)(ying)具(ju)有一級(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)資格；聘(pin)(pin)為(wei)二(er)級(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)員(yuan)者，應(ying)(ying)具(ju)有二(er)級(ji)及以上用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)資格；聘(pin)(pin)為(wei)三級(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)員(yuan)者，應(ying)(ying)具(ju)有三級(ji)及以上用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)資格。③經過法(fa)律(lv)知識培訓，熟悉與供(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)務有關的(de)法(fa)律(lv)、法(fa)規、方針、政策、技術標準以及供(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理規章(zhang)制度。

3推(tui)行差異化服務是(shi)用電檢查的一個重要發展趨勢

差異化服務是指在按照客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)特征、需求(qiu)特點及(ji)信用等級等，對不同的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)類群(qun)采(cai)取不同的(de)(de)(de)服務方法(fa)，提供(gong)區別于一般性客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)服務，盡可能(neng)地滿(man)足客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)個性化需求(qiu)。企(qi)業自身由于受(shou)其管(guan)(guan)理能(neng)力和對安(an)全用電(dian)管(guan)(guan)理認識(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制，客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)自身安(an)全管(guan)(guan)理不到位，逐(zhu)漸增多的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)設備(bei)故障(zhang)處理已(yi)成為(wei)日常工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)頭戲(xi)，由于客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)引起變電(dian)所主線出線跳閘的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)也時有發生，影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)其他客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常生產、生活用電(dian)，也影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)供(gong)電(dian)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全生產和優(you)質服務工(gong)作(zuo)，因故障(zhang)處理的(de)(de)(de)突發性和特殊要(yao)求(qiu)也大(da)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)其他日常工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展(zhan)。用電(dian)檢查(cha)是供(gong)電(dian)行(xing)業面對用戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)一個服務窗口，是企(qi)業維護自身合(he)法(fa)權益的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)手段，然而(er)用電(dian)檢查(cha)的(de)(de)(de)最終(zhong)目的(de)(de)(de)不是查(cha)處違(wei)章用電(dian)和竊電(dian)行(xing)為(wei)，而(er)是通過(guo)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展(zhan)，進一步規范用電(dian)秩(zhi)序，提高用戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)依法(fa)用電(dian)意識(shi)，消(xiao)除違(wei)章用電(dian)和竊電(dian)行(xing)為(wei)，消(xiao)除跑冒滴(di)漏，幫助(zhu)企(qi)業查(cha)找問題隱患(huan)，并提出相應整改意見，提高企(qi)業經(jing)濟效益。

針對(dui)高壓(ya)專變(bian)客(ke)戶(hu)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)期(qi)上門服務，宣(xuan)傳(chuan)用電(dian)政(zheng)策，講(jiang)解(jie)節(jie)約用電(dian)知(zhi)識(shi)，推薦最佳供電(dian)方案；對(dui)重(zhong)(zhong)要客(ke)戶(hu)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“客(ke)戶(hu)經(jing)理(li)制(zhi)”，由客(ke)戶(hu)經(jing)理(li)負責(ze)跟蹤督辦重(zhong)(zhong)要客(ke)戶(hu)業務報裝，組織協調和反饋客(ke)戶(hu)的(de)意(yi)見(jian)；對(dui)“雙電(dian)源”客(ke)戶(hu)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)重(zhong)(zhong)點跟蹤制(zhi)度，定(ding)期(qi)對(dui)其供電(dian)設備(bei)安全進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跟蹤檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查診斷，及時通(tong)報電(dian)網運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)情況并(bing)(bing)不定(ding)期(qi)對(dui)客(ke)戶(hu)電(dian)工進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)免(mian)費的(de)理(li)論知(zhi)識(shi)培訓。企業應(ying)積極配合，按照檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查組提(ti)出的(de)意(yi)見(jian)要求(qiu)，采取措施消(xiao)除隱患，為電(dian)網安全運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)做出應(ying)有(you)貢獻，各企業要立足(zu)于自(zi)查整改(gai)，層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)落實責(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)，搞(gao)好(hao)重(zhong)(zhong)點部位(wei)與重(zhong)(zhong)點環節(jie)的(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查，查死角、堵漏(lou)洞，發(fa)現問(wen)題及時制(zhi)定(ding)措施并(bing)(bing)搞(gao)好(hao)整改(gai)。

推(tui)(tui)行(xing)差異化服務，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業體現“承(cheng)擔更(geng)多(duo)的(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)責任”的(de)價值取向和行(xing)為準則(ze)，為實現供用電(dian)(dian)(dian)雙(shuang)方互利共(gong)贏、共(gong)同發展(zhan)起到(dao)了積(ji)極的(de)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)作用。這(zhe)一舉措的(de)實施，將提(ti)高用電(dian)(dian)(dian)客戶(hu)對供電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業的(de)滿意度和信賴度，使雙(shuang)方形成長(chang)期的(de)戰略合作伙伴關系，促進供用電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業經濟效益(yi)和社(she)會(hui)(hui)效益(yi)的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高。

4結論

用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)是(shi)一(yi)項任(ren)務(wu)繁重的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，直接面對(dui)(dui)向廣大用(yong)(yong)戶，情況齒較為復雜(za)，有(you)其特殊性。但只要加(jia)以重視，有(you)序開展，是(shi)能抓(zhua)出成效(xiao)的(de)。只有(you)把這項工(gong)作(zuo)真實(shi)的(de)開展起來，才能為企業挖潛增效(xiao)，降(jiang)損增供，提高(gao)企業管理水平。隨著智(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設的(de)不斷深入，很多新的(de)問題正在朝我們走來。如何(he)做(zuo)好前(qian)期調研，主動應(ying)對(dui)(dui)，防止失控，實(shi)現用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)科學高(gao)效(xiao)管理，是(shi)未來用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)應(ying)思(si)考的(de)問題。

【參考文獻】：

篇7

關鍵詞(ci)：三集(ji)五大；用電監察；管理措施

中圖(tu)分類號(hao)：TM73 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號(hao)：1674-7712 （2014） 02-0000-01

隨著時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)發展，人(ren)們生活與工作對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)需求越來越大(da)，以致(zhi)在用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)時(shi)(shi)，需要進行限電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處理，否則將對人(ren)們的(de)(de)正(zheng)常生活造成影(ying)響。在這樣的(de)(de)環境(jing)下(xia)，卻仍有個別企業及個人(ren)為了一己私利(li)，進行非法竊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，甚至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業內部人(ren)員(yuan)也存在竊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行為，使我(wo)國的(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)缺口進一步擴大(da)。因此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業應在“三(san)集五大(da)”的(de)(de)模式(shi)下(xia)，采(cai)取措(cuo)施不斷健全用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監察體系，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理水平得到提升。

一、用(yong)電監察管理的現(xian)狀與不(bu)足

（一）技術管理的缺陷(xian)

隨著互聯網時代的(de)來臨(lin)，極大的(de)推(tui)動社會的(de)發展。在電力(li)設(she)備中(zhong)許多(duo)設(she)備都實(shi)現的(de)智能(neng)化(hua)及(ji)自動化(hua)，而在投入使(shi)用(yong)時，先進(jin)的(de)設(she)備具有不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)技(ji)術及(ji)注(zhu)意事項(xiang)，相(xiang)關用(yong)電企業(ye)監(jian)察人員(yuan)在使(shi)用(yong)時可能(neng)存在不(bu)(bu)適(shi)應或(huo)技(ji)術不(bu)(bu)牢靠，導致多(duo)數(shu)監(jian)察人員(yuan)更趨向于采取手工模式進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。對(dui)此用(yong)電企業(ye)的(de)監(jian)察人員(yuan)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)要對(dui)“三集五大”的(de)管理(li)(li)體系(xi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)理(li)(li)解與掌握，還(huan)要對(dui)企業(ye)的(de)營銷策略進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了解，對(dui)自身技(ji)術水平及(ji)科學涵養進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)提高，這對(dui)需要監(jian)察人員(yuan)嚴格(ge)律己提高自身能(neng)力(li)。

（二）電(dian)力(li)使用中的缺(que)陷(xian)分析

用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監察是(shi)與(yu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃、用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)全、節約(yue)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)相輔(fu)相成(cheng)的(de)(de)，并非一個獨(du)立體，因此在(zai)進行(xing)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監察時(shi)不可(ke)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)進行(xing)獨(du)立管理(li)(li)(li)，需(xu)要結合用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃及安(an)(an)全用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)策略方針統一貫(guan)徹落實，合理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)處理(li)(li)(li)各項工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)關系。目前國(guo)內多數供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業都(dou)采取獨(du)立的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)方式(shi)對(dui)(dui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監察進行(xing)管理(li)(li)(li)，對(dui)(dui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監察與(yu)其(qi)他工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)聯系缺少重視，以致(zhi)在(zai)進行(xing)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)(li)(li)時(shi)存在(zai)較為突出明顯的(de)(de)問題[1]。

（三）用戶(hu)問題(ti)分析(xi)

用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監察(cha)的(de)另一個(ge)主體便是用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)不斷(duan)改革(ge)發展，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)應向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行申請，之后(hou)再由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)組織人員(yuan)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)接(jie)入用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)家中(zhong)。并(bing)且在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)規劃中(zhong)，需要用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)對流程及圖紙進(jin)(jin)(jin)行閱讀，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)雙方進(jin)(jin)(jin)行認可之后(hou)才能進(jin)(jin)(jin)行施工。而由于用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)方面的(de)知(zhi)識較為缺(que)乏，便使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)過程中(zhong)占據了主導的(de)位置。若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)監察(cha)管理(li)方面對于用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)缺(que)乏責任心，那么將(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)出現問題。這便要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)監察(cha)管理(li)工作(zuo)嚴格做到積極有(you)效，具有(you)責任心，細心為用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)服務(wu)。

二、加強(qiang)用電監察的措(cuo)施分析(xi)

（一）提高用電監察人員的工作責任心

要想提高用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)責任心(xin)，需(xu)要從構建激(ji)勵政策與(yu)培訓(xun)制度兩個(ge)方面入手，只有(you)將用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)素(su)質進行(xing)提升，才能(neng)使其在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)責任心(xin)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)正確理(li)(li)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)服務(wu)與(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察間的(de)(de)相(xiang)互(hu)關(guan)系，其工(gong)作(zuo)核心(xin)是對(dui)廣大用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)提供良好的(de)(de)服務(wu)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)個(ge)別違(wei)法(fa)規(gui)定(ding)進行(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)竊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)，應(ying)嚴格按(an)照(zhao)國家相(xiang)關(guan)政策進行(xing)處(chu)理(li)(li)，小懲大誡。并定(ding)期(qi)開展(zhan)相(xiang)關(guan)培訓(xun)活動，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)能(neng)夠正確用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，宣傳(chuan)竊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)害處(chu)，進而杜絕違(wei)規(gui)竊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)再次(ci)發生(sheng)。之后(hou)應(ying)對(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平進行(xing)培訓(xun)，因(yin)為(wei)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)安全(quan)(quan)、設備安裝等工(gong)作(zuo)，因(yin)此(ci)相(xiang)關(guan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)具(ju)有(you)扎(zha)實的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)基礎，這(zhe)一(yi)方面需(xu)要監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)身的(de)(de)不斷學習(xi)，另(ling)一(yi)方面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企業也應(ying)時常開展(zhan)相(xiang)關(guan)針對(dui)性的(de)(de)教(jiao)育培訓(xun)講(jiang)座，使監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平及綜(zong)合(he)素(su)質得(de)到(dao)有(you)效的(de)(de)提高，在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)發現問(wen)(wen)題(ti)可及時采取(qu)措(cuo)施進行(xing)處(chu)理(li)(li)。最后(hou)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)應(ying)盡量提高有(you)效的(de)(de)幫助，對(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)進行(xing)周(zhou)期(qi)性的(de)(de)檢(jian)查，對(dui)故(gu)障進行(xing)預防(fang)，若發現問(wen)(wen)題(ti)應(ying)及時與(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)溝通(tong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)難(nan)以(yi)自(zi)行(xing)處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)察人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)聯系相(xiang)關(guan)技(ji)術(shu)部(bu)，對(dui)客戶(hu)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)進行(xing)處(chu)理(li)(li)，進而使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)得(de)到(dao)保障[2]。

（二）采(cai)取科學的供電措施

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)關注(zhu)，并結合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)結構與(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)需求，采取不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)科學的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)措(cuo)施。在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區域的(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)分及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)負(fu)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)制定(ding)時，首先(xian)應(ying)(ying)考慮安(an)全(quan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，其(qi)次(ci)是對(dui)(dui)該區域的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)有效配(pei)置進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)考慮，之(zhi)后對(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)科學用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)制定(ding)。保證安(an)裝(zhuang)給用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)開關及(ji)線路等(deng)能夠承受該區域用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)監察人員應(ying)(ying)保持與(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)良好溝(gou)通，對(dui)(dui)于用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)自行(xing)(xing)(xing)隨意延伸線路的(de)(de)(de)情況應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時排除，避免加大用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)，并對(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)宣傳不正當(dang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)危害，幫助用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)(dui)于潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)風險進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)排除，進(jin)(jin)而(er)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)能夠安(an)全(quan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

（三）加(jia)大安全用電的管(guan)理

對于安全(quan)(quan)用電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)監察人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)核心(xin)，監察人(ren)員應(ying)注(zhu)意春(chun)季(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)設備檢(jian)查，及時處理電(dian)氣(qi)設備在冬(dong)季(ji)沉降的(de)(de)(de)(de)灰塵，避免(mian)產生靜(jing)電(dian)。因此(ci)，春(chun)季(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)檢(jian)查應(ying)高(gao)度重視，進(jin)(jin)而對潛在的(de)(de)(de)(de)隱患進(jin)(jin)行處理。另外還有注(zhu)意夏季(ji)高(gao)溫時對電(dian)氣(qi)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)檢(jian)查，對塔桿基礎是(shi)(shi)否存在傾(qing)斜等(deng)檢(jian)測，還要注(zhu)意變壓器(qi)室內的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)窗的(de)(de)(de)(de)封閉(bi)情況(kuang)，嚴防小(xiao)動(dong)物進(jin)(jin)行變壓器(qi)導致用電(dian)事故。

（四）重(zhong)視預防(fang)性檢(jian)查工作

采取有效的(de)(de)(de)預防(fang)性(xing)檢查使用戶用電中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)(de)隱患及(ji)時(shi)排除，對用戶電氣設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安全有著(zhu)重要(yao)作用，預防(fang)性(xing)檢查主要(yao)針對于各類(lei)電氣設(she)備、線路、開關及(ji)變壓器等[3]。

三、結束語

總(zong)之，“三集五大”的(de)新體系的(de)實施(shi)中，用(yong)電(dian)監(jian)察(cha)的(de)能力(li)水(shui)平(ping)能夠有(you)效的(de)促進電(dian)力(li)的(de)銷(xiao)售，用(yong)電(dian)監(jian)察(cha)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)對于電(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)安全以及人們(men)生活質量、社會經(jing)濟發展等(deng)有(you)著(zhu)重要(yao)影(ying)響。因此(ci)電(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)致(zhi)力(li)于用(yong)電(dian)監(jian)察(cha)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)強化及完善是必然的(de)趨勢。

參考文獻：

[1]李靜，李建(jian).分(fen)析"三集(ji)五(wu)大"新體系下如何(he)做好用(yong)電監察工(gong)作(zuo)[J].電子制作(zuo)，2014（01）：281.

篇8

關鍵(jian)詞：供電(dian)企業(ye)；用電(dian)管理；客戶(hu)服(fu)務

中(zhong)圖分(fen)類號(hao)：C29文獻(xian)標識碼：A 文章編號(hao)：

從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三個環節(jie)來看,“用(yong)”是(shi)最(zui)后一(yi)個環節(jie)是(shi)我們(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出發點(dian)和(he)落腳(jiao)點(dian), 這是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)服務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian), 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)工農業(ye)生產(chan)和(he)人民生活服務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)。從(cong)經營角度來論, 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)商品, 它一(yi)方面(mian)要向(xiang)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)供應質量(liang)(liang)合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商品, 并(bing)對(dui)(dui)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)實行(xing)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理; 另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian)向(xiang)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)獲得相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨幣收人, 并(bing)對(dui)(dui)和(he)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)實行(xing)營業(ye)性(xing)(xing)管理。但是(shi), 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力又(you)有與(yu)其他商品不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing), 因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力不能儲存(cun),所(suo)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力生產(chan)是(shi)產(chan)(發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))、供、銷(用(yong)) 同時完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de), 整修發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian), 供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)聯在一(yi)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de), 發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全與(yu)否, 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力物可靠與(yu)否和(he)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全可靠與(yu)否均(jun)是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)關聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de), 相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。再(zai)則, 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞, 也影響著用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品質量(liang)(liang)和(he)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)。因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同一(yi)性(xing)(xing)和(he)統(tong)一(yi)性(xing)(xing), 促使供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)與(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)單(dan)位密切相(xiang)(xiang)關, 互(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)依存(cun), 促使供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)在強調安全供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)講究(jiu)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時, 更注重供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)。從(cong)而使服務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經營的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)統(tong)一(yi)起(qi)來。

1 全(quan)面抓好安全(quan)教育和技(ji)能培訓(xun)工作

農電企業的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju)面要(yao)靠每個(ge)農電職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)素質來(lai)支撐，人(ren)人(ren)想安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)、要(yao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)還(huan)遠遠不(bu)夠，必須人(ren)人(ren)會安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。只有(you)(you)不(bu)斷抓好(hao)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)教育(yu)和技能培訓(xun)，才(cai)能有(you)(you)效地預(yu)防(fang)事故的(de)(de)發生(sheng)。安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)教育(yu)要(yao)逐步(bu)從“要(yao)我(wo)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)”、“我(wo)要(yao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)”轉向“我(wo)會安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)”，使安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理達到一個(ge)新(xin)水平(ping)。通過安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)教育(yu)，學(xue)習分析討論電力安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事故通報(bao)，舉(ju)一反三，自覺(jue)地以《電業安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)規程》、《農村低壓(ya)電氣安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)規程》和《農村安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)用電規程》等規章制度約束自己，監(jian)督(du)他人(ren)，緊繃頭腦里的(de)(de)“安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)弦”，筑牢安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)思想防(fang)線，按章辦(ban)事，使不(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)因(yin)素消滅在萌芽狀態。近幾(ji)年來(lai)，我(wo)局(ju)加大了職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)技能培訓(xun)力度，通過技能工(gong)(gong)藝學(xue)習傳授(shou)，減(jian)少了新(xin)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)不(bu)熟悉生(sheng)產情況而(er)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)脫(tuo)節，杜絕了對新(xin)設備、新(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝不(bu)熟悉而(er)造成使用不(bu)當等問(wen)題的(de)(de)發生(sheng)。

2 充(chong)分(fen)發揮供電所長在安全生產管理中的主導作用

提(ti)高供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)所(suo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意(yi)識，是農電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的首(shou)要(yao)因素，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)所(suo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)是供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的第一(yi)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)人，必須(xu)牢(lao)固樹立“安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)重于(yu)泰山(shan)”的指(zhi)導思(si)想，切(qie)(qie)實(shi)增強安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理的責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)感和(he)使命感，在安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理中，做到(dao)(dao)(dao)真抓(zhua)、敢(gan)抓(zhua)、嚴(yan)抓(zhua)，把(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)放在供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)工作(zuo)的首(shou)位(wei)，以高度(du)負責(ze)的態(tai)度(du)，對待安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理，落(luo)實(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)所(suo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)制。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)%& 個(ge)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)所(suo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)在安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理中均(jun)和(he)縣(xian)局簽訂(ding)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)目標責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)狀，做到(dao)(dao)(dao)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的思(si)想、組織(zhi)、責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)、措施四(si)到(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)，使安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理工作(zuo)貫穿于(yu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)，自覺地把(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理工作(zuo)擺到(dao)(dao)(dao)先于(yu)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)、高于(yu)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)的位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)。同時，建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)切(qie)(qie)合(he)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)實(shi)際特點的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理規(gui)章制度(du)和(he)獎懲措施，使供(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)、在控(kong)(kong)。

3 進一步強(qiang)化班組安(an)全生產管理職(zhi)能作用

農(nong)電(dian)企業安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)要上(shang)新的(de)(de)臺階，班(ban)(ban)(ban)組(zu)(zu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作必須按照(zhao)規(gui)范(fan)化管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)要求達標。班(ban)(ban)(ban)組(zu)(zu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)重點應放在(zai)推行(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)目標管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、簽訂安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責任狀(zhuang)、反習慣性違(wei)章(zhang)上(shang)，進(jin)一步(bu)落實班(ban)(ban)(ban)組(zu)(zu)控制異常與(yu)未(wei)遂事(shi)故的(de)(de)措施，做到(dao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)重心下沉、關口前移，使(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)組(zu)(zu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)真(zhen)正(zheng)成為安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)第一道“關口”。發揮(hui)和提高班(ban)(ban)(ban)組(zu)(zu)長在(zai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中的(de)(de)作用，在(zai)強(qiang)化他們安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識和安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責任的(de)(de)同時，增強(qiang)他們鑒別、處理(li)(li)(li)違(wei)章(zhang)違(wei)規(gui)的(de)(de)能力。在(zai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)組(zu)(zu)安(an)排(pai)生(sheng)產任務前后，要認(ren)真(zhen)開(kai)好(hao)(hao)班(ban)(ban)(ban)前、班(ban)(ban)(ban)后會(hui)，平(ping)時要過好(hao)(hao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)民主生(sheng)活會(hui)，讓每個班(ban)(ban)(ban)組(zu)(zu)成員主動地融合參與(yu)到(dao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)當中，從(cong)而使(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產成為每個職工(gong)的(de)(de)自(zi)覺行(xing)動。

4 建立健(jian)全安全預防監督機制(zhi)

“安(an)全(quan)(quan)第一(yi)、預防為主”，是農(nong)(nong)電安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理工作的(de)基本方針。在預防上(shang)下功夫，搞好安(an)全(quan)(quan)風險的(de)分析，把(ba)事故隱(yin)患及時消滅在萌(meng)芽狀態，就要建立有(you)效的(de)監控(kong)和糾偏(pian)機(ji)制。對(dui)安(an)全(quan)(quan)檢查中發現(xian)(xian)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)，要落(luo)實(shi)責任(ren)，限期(qi)整改，并要堅決杜(du)絕類似問(wen)題(ti)重復(fu)出現(xian)(xian)。認(ren)真執(zhi)行“兩票三制”，嚴把(ba)“兩票”的(de)合(he)格(ge)(ge)率(lv)，實(shi)行唱票操(cao)作，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)“零”誤(wu)操(cao)作的(de)在控(kong)目標。加(jia)強(qiang)施工現(xian)(xian)場作業人員(yuan)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監督和管理，農(nong)(nong)電安(an)監部門(men)要切實(shi)履行職責，對(dui)因違章而發生的(de)責任(ren)事故，要嚴格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行“三不(bu)放過”原則，應予嚴肅處理，決不(bu)姑息遷就。

5 加大(da)反(fan)習(xi)慣(guan)性違章整治(zhi)力度

據有(you)關部(bu)門(men)統計(ji)，70～80％事(shi)故(gu)是由(you)于職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)思(si)想麻痹(bi)、有(you)章(zhang)不(bu)(bu)循而造(zao)成的(de)(de)。在(zai)農電安(an)(an)全(quan)生產管(guan)理(li)中，如不(bu)(bu)按章(zhang)辦事(shi)，習慣(guan)性(xing)違章(zhang)往往會(hui)在(zai)班組職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)之間起(qi)到潛移(yi)默化的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。在(zai)一起(qi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)同(tong)事(shi)因為已經互相“習慣(guan)”某些(xie)違章(zhang)的(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)，就(jiu)容易(yi)視(shi)而不(bu)(bu)見、麻木不(bu)(bu)仁(ren)、順(shun)理(li)成章(zhang)。狠抓(zhua)習慣(guan)性(xing)違章(zhang)，安(an)(an)監(jian)部(bu)門(men)要建立起(qi)嚴密的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)督(du)查機(ji)制，加強施工(gong)(gong)現場安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)與監(jian)督(du)，開展以反(fan)習慣(guan)性(xing)違章(zhang)為主(zhu)要內容的(de)(de)反(fan)事(shi)故(gu)演習活動(dong)。應把《電業安(an)(an)全(quan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)規程》學(xue)習、考試(shi)與本單位(wei)存在(zai)的(de)(de)習慣(guan)性(xing)違章(zhang)等(deng)安(an)(an)全(quan)隱患相結合，集思(si)廣益，發動(dong)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)參與反(fan)習慣(guan)性(xing)違章(zhang)。

6 進一步做好(hao)農(nong)村安全用電宣傳

要利用(yong)廣播、電視、宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)畫、宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)欄等多(duo)種(zhong)群眾喜(xi)聞樂見(jian)的形(xing)式(shi)，向廣大(da)(da)用(yong)電客(ke)戶(hu)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)用(yong)電的必要性和(he)(he)重要性，以及違(wei)章用(yong)電、私拉(la)亂接的危害性。特別要加強對農村(cun)小學生安(an)全(quan)(quan)用(yong)電知識教育及農村(cun)電力設施警示牌的安(an)裝(zhuang)管理，提高家用(yong)剩(sheng)余電流(liu)動(dong)作保(bao)護器的安(an)裝(zhuang)率和(he)(he)投運率。要利用(yong)農村(cun)集會等時機，有計劃(hua)地開展(zhan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)用(yong)電的宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)教育、用(yong)電咨詢等一系列宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)活動(dong)，擴(kuo)大(da)(da)安(an)全(quan)(quan)用(yong)電宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)普及面(mian)，從而使農村(cun)安(an)全(quan)(quan)用(yong)電宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)達到(dao)家喻戶(hu)曉，以減少和(he)(he)避免農電安(an)全(quan)(quan)事(shi)故的發生。

結束語

隨著21 世(shi)紀經濟高速發展，現代科技在(zai)人們生活、生產中的運用越來(lai)越廣泛，電能成為必不可(ke)少的能源。供電企業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)理的關鍵環節(jie)就在(zai)于要大力(li)加強用電管(guan)(guan)理，加大監管(guan)(guan)稽查和經營(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)理力(li)度(du)，維護正常(chang)的供用電秩序，整(zheng)頓(dun)電力(li)市場。

【參考文獻】

[1] 唐廣學.我區(qu)用電管理信息系(xi)統現(xian)狀及其(qi)發(fa)展建議[J].廣西電業(ye),1996,(03).

[2] 穆懷(huai)山.淺談(tan): 如何(he)搞好縣局用電(dian)管(guan)理工(gong)作[J].農電(dian)管(guan)理,1994,(02).

[3] 姜興國.談企業(ye)用(yong)電管(guan)理與節(jie)電工作[J].應用(yong)能(neng)源技(ji)術,2003,(06).

[4] 楊潔.用(yong)電(dian)管理的(de)整體(ti)優化與(yu)計(ji)算機技術的(de)應用(yong)[J].管理科學文摘,1994,(07).

[5] 何阜(fu)君.用電(dian)(dian)管理信息系統開拓了用電(dian)(dian)管理的新局面[J].農(nong)電(dian)(dian)管理,1997,(04).

[6] 張澎(peng), 曹(cao)文(wen)選(xuan).加強(qiang)用電管(guan)理, 提高經濟效(xiao)益(yi)[J].農電管(guan)理,1997,(03).

篇9

關鍵詞：臨時用電；管理(li)；難點

作者(zhe)簡介：紀衍勇（1975-），男，山東寧陽(yang)人(ren)，泰安寧陽(yang)縣供(gong)電公(gong)司，技師(shi)；

劉(liu)海波（1974-），男(nan)，山東寧陽(yang)人，泰安寧陽(yang)縣供(gong)電公司，技師。

中圖(tu)分類號(hao)：F272 文獻(xian)標識碼：A 文章編號(hao)：1007-0079（2013）14-0202-02

一、當前(qian)形勢下臨時用電管(guan)理的難(nan)點

臨時(shi)(shi)用電的(de)最大(da)特(te)點就是(shi)“臨時(shi)(shi)”，施(shi)(shi)工現場是(shi)臨時(shi)(shi)的(de)，建成竣工就轉(zhuan)移(yi)；施(shi)(shi)工人(ren)員(yuan)是(shi)臨時(shi)(shi)的(de)，人(ren)員(yuan)流動性大(da)；用電量(liang)變化(hua)大(da)、設備(bei)位置不確(que)定(ding)、環境差等等。這些特(te)點增(zeng)加了(le)臨時(shi)(shi)用電的(de)管理難度，具體表現為：

一是(shi)營業(ye)管理方面。部分抄收人員或農電(dian)工對部分臨時用戶(hu)沒(mei)有建立用戶(hu)檔案(an)，也不(bu)抄表，造成用電(dian)不(bu)收費，電(dian)量流失，線損偏高。

二(er)是業擴報裝方(fang)面(mian)。有的(de)(de)客戶圖(tu)省事、省錢(qian)，不愿花錢(qian)購表，個別思(si)想素質(zhi)差的(de)(de)農電工(gong)就實行(xing)包戶、包費(fei)， 收費(fei)的(de)(de)多少(shao)只有農電工(gong)自已知(zhi)道。不裝表計量，透明度不高，造成核算無依據(ju)，臺區(qu)線損難(nan)以(yi)分析；還有的(de)(de)私下進行(xing)電源(yuan)轉供，一方(fang)便利(li)，一方(fang)得利(li)，容易引起客戶投(tou)訴。

三是(shi)安(an)全(quan)管理方面。在(zai)安(an)全(quan)上，由于臨時用(yong)電(dian)期限短而報裝環節不(bu)(bu)暢，用(yong)電(dian)者嫌(xian)辦理手續麻煩，不(bu)(bu)愿花錢(qian)購(gou)表，特別是(shi)在(zai)夏(xia)、秋兩季，農戶(hu)為了(le)(le)澆灌、打稻場，甚至出現(xian)私(si)自搭火用(yong)電(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)，容易發生電(dian)力安(an)全(quan)事故(gu)。這些都在(zai)安(an)全(quan)上埋下了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)少隱患。如果造成(cheng)安(an)全(quan)事故(gu)，必然引起(qi)糾(jiu)紛，給企業造成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)必要的經濟損(sun)失。

二、當前形勢下臨時用電管理存在的困難

供電企業(ye)這種(zhong)臨時用電管理的(de)(de)重任均(jun)在基(ji)層(ceng)供電營(ying)業(ye)所，隨(sui)著(zhu)修路、架橋(qiao)、新農村建(jian)設、抗旱等各項工(gong)程的(de)(de)開展，基(ji)層(ceng)供電所在給用電客(ke)戶提(ti)供臨時供電電源上，許多問題(ti)以及用電安全隱患逐漸暴露(lu)出(chu)來，主要表現(xian)為：

一是臨(lin)時(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)安全存在嚴重隱患(huan)。首先，建筑類(lei)臨(lin)時(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)客戶(hu)(hu)主(zhu)要是農(nong)民建房(fang)、農(nong)村“村村通”道(dao)路(lu)建設(she)(she)(she)、鄉(xiang)、鎮、村公共設(she)(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)(she)等等。雖然這類(lei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)(she)規(gui)模一般較小，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)不(bu)大，但由于建筑隊伍大多是由無建設(she)(she)(she)資質的(de)農(nong)民建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)組成，素(su)質不(bu)高(gao)，安全意識淡薄。并且，其(qi)臨(lin)時(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)長期使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)未定期進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢查，臨(lin)時(shi)架設(she)(she)(she)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)線路(lu)未達到電(dian)(dian)力規(gui)程(cheng)要求，極(ji)容易發生觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)、倒桿事(shi)故。其(qi)次，農(nong)業(ye)生產類(lei)臨(lin)時(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要是農(nong)民在春、夏(xia)兩季(ji)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)臨(lin)時(shi)排灌育(yu)秧、育(yu)苗用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)和秋季(ji)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動脫粒用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)。這類(lei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)絕大多數是違章在田間地頭(tou)私自增加(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)。春、夏(xia)為多雨季(ji)節(jie)，空氣濕度較大，加(jia)之(zhi)多數用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)缺乏安全用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)常識，春、夏(xia)兩季(ji)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)臨(lin)時(shi)排灌用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)導致觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)事(shi)故發生的(de)頻率較高(gao)。

二是供電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業營銷(xiao)人(ren)員(yuan)安全難以保障(zhang)。農(nong)村臨時用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)具有季節(jie)性，并且(qie)有報裝用(yong)戶多、用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間短、報裝分(fen)散、任(ren)務(wu)集中(zhong)的特點(dian)。加之部分(fen)農(nong)村基(ji)層供電(dian)(dian)(dian)所還存在(zai)混崗、一人(ren)多崗的現(xian)象，部分(fen)臺(tai)區管(guan)理員(yuan)既要(yao)(yao)完(wan)成抄(chao)表(biao)收(shou)費工(gong)作(zuo)，又要(yao)(yao)承擔低壓(ya)裝表(biao)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)任(ren)務(wu)，還要(yao)(yao)隨時為(wei)客戶用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)維(wei)修服務(wu)。由于任(ren)務(wu)緊、工(gong)作(zuo)忙(mang)、頭緒(xu)多，難免出現(xian)無操(cao)作(zuo)票(piao)、無工(gong)作(zuo)票(piao)、無工(gong)作(zuo)監護人(ren)而(er)進行(xing)登(deng)桿裝表(biao)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)現(xian)象，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業人(ren)員(yuan)很(hen)容(rong)易發生人(ren)身傷(shang)害事故。

三是(shi)易于(yu)發生營(ying)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)上的(de)(de)(de)漏洞(dong)。首先(xian)表現(xian)為倉促應(ying)付、草率行事。《供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)規(gui)(gui)則》第十二(er)條規(gui)(gui)定(ding)：對基(ji)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)地、農田水利、市(shi)政建(jian)設等(deng)非永久性用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可提(ti)供(gong)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)受(shou)理(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)申請后(hou)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)在(zai)7個工(gong)(gong)作日內提(ti)供(gong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方案(an)。在(zai)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢驗合格并辦理(li)(li)相關手續后(hou)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)在(zai)5個工(gong)(gong)作日內送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。但在(zai)實際工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)，絕大多數(shu)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)對供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)報(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)流程及(ji)服務(wu)規(gui)(gui)范不了(le)解(jie)，往往是(shi)上午(wu)報(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，下午(wu)就要(yao)(yao)求送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)外，上級對農村基(ji)層(ceng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所報(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率有(you)指標考(kao)核(he)任務(wu)。為完成(cheng)考(kao)核(he)指標任務(wu)，一些供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所就對現(xian)場勘查步驟(zou)省略(lve)或走過場的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)就在(zai)所難免(mian)了(le)。其次，臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)易導(dao)致管(guan)理(li)(li)上的(de)(de)(de)疏漏。部分工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員對臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)作單(dan)不按(an)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)限處理(li)(li)，也未按(an)標準管(guan)理(li)(li)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)月(yue)(yue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不能當(dang)(dang)(dang)月(yue)(yue)開具發票、當(dang)(dang)(dang)月(yue)(yue)收(shou)繳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)了(le)當(dang)(dang)(dang)月(yue)(yue)線(xian)損(sun)(sun)波動及(ji)線(xian)損(sun)(sun)指標考(kao)核(he)的(de)(de)(de)失(shi)真。少數(shu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)由于(yu)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)計量(liang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)不規(gui)(gui)范、安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不當(dang)(dang)(dang)與(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷不配套(tao)等(deng)原因，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)了(le)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)計量(liang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燒毀或丟失(shi)。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)區(qu)管(guan)理(li)(li)員高價(jia)低接，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)差從(cong)中(zhong)獲利，在(zai)一定(ding)程度上影響(xiang)了(le)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)類別的(de)(de)(de)嚴格區(qu)分及(ji)價(jia)格標準執行，給(gei)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)經濟損(sun)(sun)失(shi)。個別營(ying)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員在(zai)接線(xian)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)接受(shou)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)宴請或收(shou)受(shou)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)禮品、禮金，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)甚至乘機(ji)向客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)索要(yao)(yao)物質，放松對臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)，或喪失(shi)原則，既容(rong)易引發供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)服務(wu)事故又(you)嚴重地損(sun)(sun)害供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)良好形象。在(zai)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)還發現(xian)，極少數(shu)臺(tai)區(qu)管(guan)理(li)(li)員不按(an)報(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)流程要(yao)(yao)求辦事，自(zi)作主張給(gei)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)表接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，個別臺(tai)區(qu)管(guan)理(li)(li)員私(si)自(zi)允許客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)無表用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，借機(ji)搞關系電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，送人(ren)情電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)甚至違犯用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)(li)政策(ce)和紀律，將收(shou)取的(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)竊為已有(you)，中(zhong)飽私(si)囊。

三、臨(lin)時用電管理對策探析

臨(lin)時用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)猶如(ru)(ru)一(yi)把(ba)“雙刃劍”，在(zai)給用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)客(ke)戶帶來方便、快(kuai)捷(jie)的(de)同時也給供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)造成了一(yi)定(ding)經(jing)濟損失，給客(ke)戶和供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)員工(gong)造成了人(ren)身、設備(bei)安全(quan)(quan)風險，讓供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)承受了巨大的(de)社會(hui)壓(ya)力。供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)要(yao)搞好(hao)基(ji)層供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)的(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)就必(bi)須解決(jue)(jue)好(hao)臨(lin)時用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)(li)問題。如(ru)(ru)何(he)將(jiang)規定(ding)和制度與(yu)實(shi)際工(gong)作(zuo)緊密(mi)結合，如(ru)(ru)何(he)解決(jue)(jue)這些存在(zai)的(de)問題，如(ru)(ru)何(he)切實(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)好(hao)臨(lin)時用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，讓客(ke)戶方便、快(kuai)捷(jie)、安全(quan)(quan)使用(yong)臨(lin)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)量顆粒歸倉(cang)，一(yi)直(zhi)以來是基(ji)層供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)努力的(de)方向。作(zuo)為一(yi)名基(ji)層管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員，結合基(ji)層工(gong)作(zuo)實(shi)際，下面(mian)探討臨(lin)時用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)(li)要(yao)注意的(de)四個方面(mian)。

一是要規(gui)范用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)報裝(zhuang)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)。必(bi)須嚴格按(an)照《臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)辦法》辦理(li)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)業(ye)務(wu)。由客戶(hu)提報臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)申(shen)請，與供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)簽(qian)訂臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)合同、簽(qian)訂安(an)全(quan)(quan)供(gong)(gong)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)協議，并由供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)填寫低壓計量(liang)業(ye)務(wu)工(gong)作(zuo)單，在營銷(xiao)管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)中(zhong)建立(li)該(gai)客戶(hu)的(de)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)檔(dang)案，并登記紙質臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)臺(tai)賬。對(dui)租賃公司計量(liang)裝(zhuang)置的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)必(bi)須簽(qian)訂租賃協議，做(zuo)到(dao)翔實(shi)、準確、完整。同時(shi)(shi)，要在規(gui)范臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)業(ye)擴報裝(zhuang)的(de)基礎上加強對(dui)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)戶(hu)的(de)稽查(cha)，對(dui)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)戶(hu)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)申(shen)請、現(xian)場勘察、供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)方案、業(ye)務(wu)審(shen)批、施工(gong)檢查(cha)、竣(jun)工(gong)驗收、簽(qian)訂供(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)合同以及裝(zhuang)表接(jie)電(dian)(dian)的(de)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)進行不定期抽查(cha)及普查(cha)，確保了臨(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)戶(hu)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)可靠用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)。

二是(shi)要配置(zhi)到位。積極(ji)向上級(ji)申(shen)請移(yi)動表計提供(gong)給(gei)臨時(shi)用(yong)電(dian)客(ke)戶能(neng)夠從根(gen)本上解決臨時(shi)用(yong)電(dian)問(wen)題。臨時(shi)用(yong)電(dian)客(ke)戶在(zai)辦理用(yong)電(dian)手續時(shi)只需交付電(dian)表押(ya)金就可以無償使用(yong)，完全節省了購買三相四線(xian)表的(de)花費(fei)，當客(ke)戶臨時(shi)用(yong)電(dian)完畢辦理結(jie)算手續后押(ya)金足額退還。另一方面供(gong)電(dian)所在(zai)人員配置(zhi)上采(cai)取互助結(jie)對子(zi)的(de)方式進(jin)行，杜絕(jue)“現(xian)場勘查無人看，裝表接電(dian)一人干”的(de)現(xian)象。

三是要加強(qiang)宣傳與培(pei)訓。對(dui)客戶公司通(tong)(tong)過實(shi)地(di)放映安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)紀錄片、實(shi)地(di)講課散(san)發宣傳單、電(dian)(dian)視、刷寫標語(yu)等方式廣泛宣傳安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)用電(dian)(dian)知識(shi)，做到安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)用電(dian)(dian)家喻戶曉、人人皆知；對(dui)內組織各(ge)供電(dian)(dian)所職(zhi)工通(tong)(tong)過安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產專題會議(yi)、業(ye)務(wu)培(pei)訓等方式認真學(xue)習《安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產管理條例》、《安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產稽查(cha)記分(fen)和違章處罰規(gui)定》、《農網低壓安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產有(you)關技術(shu)規(gui)范匯(hui)編》等有(you)關供電(dian)(dian)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)法律、法規(gui)和規(gui)章制度，開展職(zhi)業(ye)道德(de)教育、業(ye)務(wu)技能培(pei)訓。

篇10

在現實生(sheng)產生(sheng)活中，由于導(dao)線的(de)(de)顏(yan)色不統一，誤將火(huo)線接入電(dian)(dian)器設備外殼而導(dao)致機(ji)殼帶電(dian)(dian)，釀(niang)成觸電(dian)(dian)傷亡事故時有(you)發(fa)生(sheng)。將用電(dian)(dian)標志識別錯誤，導(dao)致觸電(dian)(dian)傷亡的(de)(de)事故也(ye)時有(you)發(fa)生(sheng)等。因此我們(men)應掌(zhang)握安(an)全(quan)用電(dian)(dian)標志，成為安(an)全(quan)用電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)義務宣傳員，做安(an)全(quan)用電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)榜樣。

其次，我(wo)國常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)為(wei)三根(gen)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線、一(yi)根(gen)中線，即三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)四線制，俗(su)稱三火一(yi)零，在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)中能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)種類主要有：單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)操作人(ren)員(yuan)或(huo)工具(ju)觸(chu)及(ji)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中的(de)(de)一(yi)根(gen)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線和(he)中線時(shi)，就會(hui)承(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)沖擊(一(yi)般為(wei)220V)，而(er)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故(gu)；兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)操作人(ren)員(yuan)或(huo)工具(ju)觸(chu)及(ji)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中的(de)(de)兩根(gen)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線，就會(hui)承(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)沖擊(一(yi)般為(wei)380V)，而(er)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故(gu)。就觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)而(er)言，直接(jie)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)較少，而(er)因(yin)設備、工具(ju)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，和(he)人(ren)員(yuan)站(zhan)在(zai)地面上，而(er)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間接(jie)的(de)(de)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)者居多，這(zhe)也告訴了(le)我(wo)們(men)安全(quan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)重要性。那(nei)么怎樣做才能(neng)夠安全(quan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)呢?

二、安(an)全用電的識別標志(zhi)

要(yao)做到安全用(yong)電，首(shou)先必須要(yao)做到對安全用(yong)電的標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)有一個很(hen)清晰的了解(jie)。安全用(yong)電標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)分為(wei)顏色標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)、圖(tu)形標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)和燈光(guang)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。顏色標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)常用(yong)來(lai)(lai)區(qu)分不同性(xing)質、不同用(yong)途(tu)的導線或用(yong)來(lai)(lai)表(biao)示某(mou)處安全程度，圖(tu)形標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)一般(ban)用(yong)來(lai)(lai)告誡(jie)人們不要(yao)去附(fu)近(jin)危(wei)險的場(chang)所或不要(yao)進行危(wei)險的人為(wei)操作。

(1)顏色標志

紅(hong)色(se)(se)：用來標志禁(jin)止、停(ting)止和(he)消防，如信號燈(deng)、信號旗、機器上的緊急停(ting)機按(an)紐等，都是(shi)用紅(hong)色(se)(se)傳遞“禁(jin)止”的信息。

黃色：用來標(biao)志“注意(yi)安(an)全”、“危險”之意(yi)，如“當心觸電(dian)!”等。

綠色：用來標志安(an)全無(wu)事，如“可在(zai)此工作”、“已接地”等(deng)。

藍色：用來標志強制(zhi)執(zhi)行，如(ru)“必須帶安全帽”等。

黑色：用來標(biao)志圖像、文字符號和警告(gao)標(biao)志的幾何圖形(xing)等。

顏色(se)標志除表示以(yi)上電(dian)工(gong)操作常識外，還(huan)經常用來(lai)區別電(dian)器(qi)設備特征.如電(dian)器(qi)設備的母(mu)線A相為(wei)(wei)黃色(se)，B相為(wei)(wei)綠(lv)色(se)，C相為(wei)(wei)紅色(se)，明敷的接地線為(wei)(wei)黑色(se)。在(zai)二次系(xi)統中，交(jiao)流電(dian)壓回(hui)路(lu)用黃色(se)，交(jiao)變電(dian)流回(hui)路(lu)用綠(lv)色(se)，信號和警告回(hui)路(lu)用白色(se)。

(2)圖形標志

“(”——“有點危險”“注意安全(quan)”標志(zhi)。它常(chang)常(chang)在(zai)變壓器(qi)、電氣設備外(wai)相(xiang)等。同時(shi)它也為雷電標志(zhi)。

或——“禁止”標志。如點七位不標有紅色，表示非專業人員(yuan)切勿打開(kai)機蓋，否則(ze)有危(wei)險(xian)。

——“注意”標志。如(ru)(ru)電視機側后部印有，同時附(fu)言“如(ru)(ru)有冒煙、異(yi)味(wei)、異(yi)聲等請立即(ji)關閉電源(yuan)。”

——“接(jie)地(di)(di)線”標志。表(biao)示電器設備(bei)為安全起見(jian)，應在(zai)此處接(jie)地(di)(di)線。

除此之外(wai)，不同(tong)的電器在(zai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)火、防(fang)(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)(fang)曬(shai)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)塵(chen)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)壓等方面也(ye)有不同(tong)的要求，它們(men)在(zai)箱(xiang)體外(wai)部或機殼(ke)側后部也(ye)均(jun)標有常識性易懂標志。

(3)燈光標志

紅燈(deng)(deng)：表(biao)(biao)(biao)示“危(wei)險”或“用電器正在(zai)工作”，如(ru)電熱器的(de)紅燈(deng)(deng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示工作，警(jing)戒(jie)器的(de)紅燈(deng)(deng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示危(wei)險，電器設備(bei)重地門前紅燈(deng)(deng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示“閑(xian)人(ren)禁地”。

黃燈：危險與(yu)正常(chang)的臨界(jie)區標志(zhi)，如電(dian)熱(re)器的“恒溫”，警戒(jie)器的預警等。

綠燈(deng)：表示(shi)正常(chang)工作或安(an)全用(yong)電(dian)(dian)。三、如何(he)安(an)全用(yong)電(dian)(dian)

掌(zhang)握(wo)了安全用(yong)電(dian)的標(biao)志只(zhi)是安全用(yong)電(dian)的基(ji)礎，要想做到安全用(yong)電(dian)，還要在掌(zhang)握(wo)用(yong)電(dian)標(biao)志的基(ji)礎上，做到以下幾方面(這里(li)結合家(jia)庭安全用(yong)電(dian)進行闡述)。

(1)合理布置(zhi)配電盤(pan)

配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)盤上裝有(you)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，在熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)安裝有(you)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲(si)，當(dang)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲(si)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)允許的(de)安全數值時它(ta)就(jiu)會熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)，因(yin)此(ci)不能將配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)盤布置在堆放有(you)可燃(ran)(ran)物品的(de)上方，防止(zhi)熾熱的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)珠(zhu)落后將物品引燃(ran)(ran)。保(bao)(bao)險(xian)線(xian)(xian)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通常(chang)(chang)為(wei)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)1.5—2.0倍，對家(jia)庭中(zhong)正常(chang)(chang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)時各(ge)家(jia)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)總功率之(zhi)和不超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1100瓦的(de)選(xuan)擇5安培的(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲(si)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)了，當(dang)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)它(ta)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)7安培時就(jiu)會自(zi)動熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)達到保(bao)(bao)護的(de)目的(de)。如果選(xuan)用的(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)符合規格(ge)但又經常(chang)(chang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)路或家(jia)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)沒有(you)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)容量(liang)的(de)，應(ying)及(ji)時查找原因(yin)清除隱(yin)患(huan)，切不可隨意更換粗保(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲(si)或干脆用銅、鐵(tie)線(xian)(xian)代替使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起不到保(bao)(bao)護作(zuo)用。對單相電(dian)(dian)(dian)度表選(xuan)擇也要參照(zhao)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)總功率，只要保(bao)(bao)證用電(dian)(dian)(dian)時通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)它(ta)的(de)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)表自(zi)身的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)了，另外有(you)條件的(de)家(jia)庭還可以(yi)(yi)安裝漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，當(dang)家(jia)庭中(zhong)發生人(ren)員觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)等事故時它(ta)可以(yi)(yi)及(ji)時動作(zuo)并(bing)切斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

(2)正確選(xuan)擇(ze)電線

目(mu)前很多家(jia)庭使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)大多還(huan)(huan)是(shi)十幾年前或更(geng)早(zao)建(jian)房(fang)時(shi)敷(fu)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)，與現代(dai)家(jia)庭電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求不相適應。首先是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣層經(jing)過十幾年使用(yong)逐漸松散老化造(zao)成(cheng)輕微漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)，嚴重(zhong)時(shi)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)短(duan)路(lu)起火，因此要(yao)(yao)(yao)更(geng)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷過大的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣層的(de)(de)(de)(de)老化速度會(hui)加快，因此對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇要(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，然后(hou)加以確定。最后(hou)還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)根(gen)據環(huan)境正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)類(lei)型(xing)，在干燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)屋子(zi)里可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)一般絕緣導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，而在潮濕的(de)(de)(de)(de)屋子(zi)里則要(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)用(yong)有(you)(you)保護(hu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，如(ru)鋁皮線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、塑料護(hu)套線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等，對(dui)(dui)經(jing)常移動的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備要(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)用(yong)軟線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等等。

(3)合理布置線(xian)路

某戶(hu)居民剛裝(zhuang)修過(guo)的住宅(zhai)不久便發生了(le)(le)火災(zai)，后(hou)經鑒定是在裝(zhuang)修時(shi)民工將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)直接(jie)敷(fu)設在墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)裙里，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)短路引燃了(le)(le)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)裙。對電(dian)(dian)線(xian)采(cai)取明敷(fu)時(shi)要防止絕緣(yuan)層受損(sun)，通(tong)過(guo)可燃裝(zhuang)飾物表面(mian)時(shi)要穿輕質阻(zu)燃套，有吊(diao)頂的房間其吊(diao)頂內的電(dian)(dian)線(xian)應采(cai)用金屬管配線(xian)。對于需(xu)要穿過(guo)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)壁的電(dian)(dian)線(xian)為了(le)(le)防止絕緣(yuan)層破損(sun)應將(jiang)硬塑料管砌(qi)于墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)內，兩端(duan)出口伸出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)約1厘米。

(4)正確使用(yong)家(jia)用(yong)電器

對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)機、收錄機等(deng)家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)使用(yong)(yong)完畢后不僅要將其(qi)本身開關(guan)(guan)關(guan)(guan)閉，同時(shi)還應將電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插頭拔下。這(zhe)是因為(wei)有不少家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)其(qi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開關(guan)(guan)設計在變壓(ya)器(qi)副邊(bian)，插頭未斷變壓(ya)器(qi)內部的線圈(quan)和絕緣層便會(hui)短路(lu)或炭(tan)化而(er)(er)起火。另外，我(wo)國各(ge)地(di)電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動(dong)較大，在用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)低谷時(shi)220伏(fu)的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)其(qi)值(zhi)高(gao)時(shi)可達到250伏(fu)，對一些電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)被(bei)擊(ji)穿(chuan)耐壓(ya)值(zhi)不夠的電(dian)(dian)器(qi)就會(hui)發生(sheng)因電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)被(bei)擊(ji)穿(chuan)而(er)(er)導致燒毀的現象，為(wei)此應在線路(lu)中(zhong)增設穩壓(ya)裝置。

(5)正確使用漏(lou)電(dian)開關

只(zhi)安(an)裝(zhuang)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)作為線(xian)路(lu)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，也會存在安(an)全(quan)隱患。用(yong)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)上的扳(ban)動開(kai)關(guan)(guan)控制斷電(dian)(dian)，時間(jian)久了，將會造(zao)成漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)由于(yu)(yu)機械部分磨損而失(shi)靈，失(shi)去漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)作用(yong)；小(xiao)型(xing)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)一(yi)般(ban)只(zhi)安(an)有(you)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)脫扣(kou)器(qi)和(he)過壓脫扣(kou)器(qi)，沒有(you)過流(liu)脫扣(kou)器(qi)。當發生短路(lu)故(gu)障時，由于(yu)(yu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)沒有(you)過流(liu)保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)，將燒毀漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)或(huo)線(xian)路(lu)。因此漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)必須和(he)斷路(lu)器(qi)或(huo)閘刀開(kai)關(guan)(guan)配套(tao)使用(yong)。

總之(zhi)，對于安全用電是我(wo)們每個都必(bi)須關(guan)心(xin)，并要(yao)認真對待的事情(qing)，做到(dao)絲毫不能馬虎。同時，這也就要(yao)求我(wo)們在工作和生活中(zhong)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)留心(xin)觀察用電標志(zhi)，做到(dao)安全用電。

[摘要]隨著我(wo)國市場(chang)經濟的(de)(de)不斷發展(zhan)，電器(qi)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)得到(dao)了(le)廣泛的(de)(de)普及，近年來，家庭安(an)裝使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電器(qi)設備越來越多，使(shi)(shi)得家庭中用(yong)(yong)電的(de)(de)總功率(lv)大幅度上(shang)升。要做到(dao)安(an)全用(yong)(yong)電，首(shou)先必須要做到(dao)對安(an)全用(yong)(yong)電的(de)(de)標志有一個很清晰的(de)(de)認識。我(wo)們應掌握安(an)全用(yong)(yong)電標志，成為安(an)全用(yong)(yong)電的(de)(de)義務宣(xuan)傳員。本文主要介紹了(le)如何識別(bie)安(an)全用(yong)(yong)電的(de)(de)標志。

[關鍵詞]安(an)全用(yong)(yong)電(dian)識(shi)別標志家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)器(qi)

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