安全隱患級別劃分范文

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安全隱患級別劃分

篇1

關鍵詞:安全隱患管理(li);安全隱患定級;風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管理(li);風(feng)(feng)險(xian)評估;資產(chan)全壽命周期 文獻標識碼:A

中圖分(fen)類號(hao):F276 文(wen)章編號(hao):1009-2374(2017)02-0186-03 DOI:10.13535/ki.11-4406/n.2017.02.090

現(xian)(xian)代科(ke)學技術和工業生產的(de)(de)迅猛(meng)發(fa)展,一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面繁榮了(le)經濟和人們的(de)(de)生活(huo);另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面現(xian)(xian)代化大(da)(da)生產隱藏(zang)了(le)眾多的(de)(de)潛在危(wei)險。就電(dian)力系統而言,電(dian)力網(wang)絡不斷(duan)擴展,網(wang)絡構成及(ji)網(wang)絡控制更加復雜,自(zi)動化程度不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓、大(da)(da)電(dian)流、長距離輸(shu)電(dian)使電(dian)網(wang)穩定問題愈加突出。現(xian)(xian)代化的(de)(de)工業和人民生活(huo)對電(dian)的(de)(de)依賴程度越來越高(gao)(gao),對電(dian)力可靠性和電(dian)壓質量的(de)(de)要求不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),對電(dian)力設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)安全(quan)隱患(huan)排查(cha)工作的(de)(de)要求也越來越高(gao)(gao)。

國內電力企業(ye)經過多(duo)年(nian)的(de)發展和(he)總結,已(yi)逐(zhu)漸擁(yong)有完(wan)善的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)排(pai)查治理方(fang)式。但是(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)工作(zuo)人員(yuan)在(zai)進行(xing)隱(yin)患(huan)排(pai)查時或(huo)是(shi)(shi)根據主觀經驗判(pan)斷或(huo)是(shi)(shi)依照(zhao)范例進行(xing)對(dui)比,各種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)均存在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)局限性(xing),無法(fa)(fa)將隱(yin)患(huan)的(de)嚴重程(cheng)度量化。本文主要是(shi)(shi)借鑒(jian)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)資產全(quan)壽命周(zhou)期的(de)風(feng)險評估(gu)法(fa)(fa),對(dui)事件發生可(ke)能性(xing)和(he)影響程(cheng)度進行(xing)量化分(fen)析,以定(ding)量方(fang)法(fa)(fa)確(que)定(ding)安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)分(fen)級,可(ke)以更準(zhun)確(que)地(di)反映安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)的(de)嚴重情況。

1 安全隱患概述

1.1 安全(quan)隱患定義(yi)與(yu)分(fen)級

安(an)全(quan)隱患具體指安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險程(cheng)度較高,可(ke)能導致事故發(fa)生的(de)(de)作(zuo)I場所、設備設施、電網運行(xing)的(de)(de)不安(an)全(quan)狀(zhuang)態、人的(de)(de)不安(an)全(quan)行(xing)為和安(an)全(quan)管理方面的(de)(de)缺失。

根據可(ke)能(neng)造成(cheng)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)后果的影響(xiang)程度,目前電(dian)力企業安(an)全隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)分(fen)為Ⅰ級重大(da)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)、Ⅱ級重大(da)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)、一般事(shi)(shi)故(gu)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)和安(an)全事(shi)(shi)件隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)四個等級。其中,Ⅰ級重大(da)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)和Ⅱ級重大(da)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)合稱(cheng)為重大(da)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)。

1.2 安(an)全(quan)隱患定級方法

1.2.1 主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)(duan)法。主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)(duan)法是指工作人員在匯總現場情況后,征詢有關專家(jia)(jia)(一般是基層骨干)的意見(jian),對(dui)意見(jian)進行統計、處理、分析和(he)歸納,客(ke)觀(guan)(guan)地(di)綜合(he)(he)多數專家(jia)(jia)經(jing)驗與主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)(duan),做出(chu)合(he)(he)理估算,經(jing)過反(fan)饋和(he)調整后,對(dui)安全隱患進行定級的方(fang)法。主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)(duan)法的優點是方(fang)法簡便易行,定級較快。

但是,由于缺乏統一(yi)的“隱患標準”,基層工(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)在隱患判(pan)斷(duan)、認(ren)定(ding)、分級(ji)等(deng)具體工(gong)作(zuo)中,往往只(zhi)能依(yi)據自身專(zhuan)業知識進行主觀判(pan)斷(duan),寬嚴程度(du)隨人、隨單位(wei)而變,造成安全隱患定(ding)性(xing)不(bu)準、分級(ji)不(bu)當、判(pan)定(ding)標準不(bu)一(yi)致、隱患信息不(bu)翔實等(deng)問題。

1.2.2 范例(li)辨(bian)識法。范例(li)辨(bian)識法是指工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)參照安全生產事(shi)故隱(yin)患范例(li),依(yi)據其中編制在列已確定(ding)的安全隱(yin)患,對比實例(li)、分(fen)類(lei)樣本、描(miao)述(shu)、文字說明等(deng)形式(shi)的表述(shu),在實際工(gong)作(zuo)中排查認定(ding)安全隱(yin)患。

這種(zhong)方法有(you)效提(ti)高了相(xiang)關工作(zuo)人員,特別(bie)是一(yi)線員工和管理人員排查(cha)發(fa)現安全隱患(huan)、給隱患(huan)分(fen)級分(fen)類的準確性,切實促(cu)進了隱患(huan)排查(cha)治理工作(zuo)的開展,范例辨(bian)識法本質上仍(reng)屬于一(yi)種(zhong)定性方法。

1.3 借鑒資產(chan)全(quan)壽命風險(xian)管理思路輔助定級(ji)

上(shang)述定(ding)(ding)性(xing)方法(fa)面臨的(de)主要問題是(shi),電(dian)力企(qi)業基層人員對隱(yin)(yin)患排查治(zhi)理(li)工作的(de)認知程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)有(you)限、生產(chan)系(xi)統已有(you)設備缺陷管(guan)理(li)流程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)隱(yin)(yin)患排查治(zhi)理(li)流程(cheng)(cheng)之間(jian)存在差別,所以無論(lun)是(shi)主觀判斷法(fa)還是(shi)范例(li)辨(bian)識法(fa)均存在一定(ding)(ding)局限性(xing)。我們可以借鑒資產(chan)全(quan)壽命(ming)周(zhou)期風(feng)險管(guan)理(li)的(de)思路,采用一種定(ding)(ding)量方法(fa)來輔助安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患定(ding)(ding)級。安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患具有(you)安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)較(jiao)高的(de)特征,因此就可以采用量化風(feng)險的(de)基本(ben)思路,用資產(chan)全(quan)壽命(ming)周(zhou)期的(de)風(feng)險評估法(fa)為安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患定(ding)(ding)級。風(feng)險評估法(fa)較(jiao)上(shang)述方法(fa),主要在于合理(li)考(kao)慮(lv)事(shi)件發生可能(neng)性(xing),同時(shi)擴展事(shi)件影響程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)維度(du)。

2 基(ji)于資產全壽命周期的風險評估方法

2.1 基于資產全(quan)壽命周期風險評估方法

按照(zhao)風險評(ping)估標(biao)準,采取既(ji)定(ding)的(de)評(ping)估方(fang)法,從風險發生的(de)可能性與風險影響程(cheng)度兩個方(fang)面進行量(liang)化(hua),綜合評(ping)定(ding)風險值(zhi)和風險等(deng)級:

風(feng)險(Risk)=風(feng)險發生的(de)可能性(P)×風(feng)險影響(xiang)程(cheng)度(F)

式中:R為風(feng)險(xian)值;P為風(feng)險(xian)發生的可(ke)能性;F為風(feng)險(xian)影(ying)響(xiang)程度。

2.2 定量計算風險

在(zai)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)過(guo)程(cheng)中,各專業(ye)也可(ke)根(gen)據自身(shen)的(de)專業(ye)特點對風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)標(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)行適當(dang)調整,選擇不同(tong)的(de)維度(du)或者增加風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)模型進(jin)行識(shi)別和評(ping)估(gu)(gu),但不同(tong)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)標(biao)準(zhun)對風(feng)險(xian)等級的(de)劃分應(ying)保持一致。本文(wen)將以全(quan)面風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)價為主要模型工具。

2.2.1 風險發生的可能性P。風險發生的可能性分為五個級別,分(fen)(fen)別(bie)是(shi)極(ji)低(di)、低(di)、中(zhong)等、高(gao)、極(ji)高(gao)。對(dui)應(ying)業務發生(sheng)頻率(lv)(lv)為:可能每(mei)5年以上發生(sheng)該(gai)類風(feng)險(xian)(概(gai)率(lv)(lv)極(ji)低(di));可能每(mei)1~5年發生(sheng)該(gai)類風(feng)險(xian)(概(gai)率(lv)(lv)低(di));可能每(mei)年發生(sheng)該(gai)類風(feng)險(xian)(概(gai)率(lv)(lv)中(zhong)等);可能每(mei)半年發生(sheng)該(gai)類風(feng)險(xian)(概(gai)率(lv)(lv)高(gao));可能每(mei)月發生(sheng)該(gai)類風(feng)險(xian)(概(gai)率(lv)(lv)極(ji)高(gao))。以上依次對(dui)應(ying)1~5分(fen)(fen)。

2.2.2 風險(xian)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)F。風險(xian)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)從電網安全(quan)、人員傷亡、社會形象、直(zhi)接(jie)經濟(ji)損(sun)失(shi)四(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)維度(du)(du)(du)(du)分析確定,選取四(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)因素(su)的(de)最高值作為損(sun)失(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)維度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)風險(xian)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)分為五(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)級(ji)別,并(bing)依次(ci)對(dui)應(ying)1~5分。該五(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)級(ji)別的(de)取值參照(zhao)《資產(chan)全(quan)壽(shou)命風險(xian)評估模型》所定義的(de)取值范圍,結合(he)公司對(dui)人身傷亡事故、經濟(ji)損(sun)失(shi)的(de)承受(shou)能力調(diao)整后確定。

即:

F=Fmax=Max(F1,F2,F3,F4)

電網和設備安全。將電網安全風險損失度分為五個級別,分別是較小、一般、較大、重大、嚴重。具體內容執行國家相關標準法規所定級別劃分標準,對(dui)應影(ying)響程度分(fen)別為《國家(jia)電(dian)網公司安全事(shi)故調(diao)查規程》中定義的七級(ji)至(zhi)一級(ji)電(dian)網和設備事(shi)件;人(ren)員傷(shang)亡。將人(ren)員傷(shang)亡風險(xian)損失度分(fen)為五個級(ji)別,分(fen)別是(shi)較(jiao)小、一般、較(jiao)大、重(zhong)大、嚴重(zhong)。對(dui)應影(ying)響程度為人(ren)員從輕傷(shang)至(zhi)一至(zhi)四級(ji)人(ren)身傷(shang)亡事(shi)故。

社(she)會(hui)影響(xiang)。將(jiang)社(she)會(hui)形(xing)象風險損失度(du)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)個(ge)級別,分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)較(jiao)小、一(yi)般(ban)、較(jiao)大(da)(da)、重大(da)(da)、嚴(yan)重。對(dui)應影響(xiang)程度(du)為(wei)(wei)在縣域至(zhi)國際范圍不等;直接經(jing)濟損失。將(jiang)直接經(jing)濟損失風險損失度(du)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)個(ge)級別,分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)較(jiao)小、一(yi)般(ban)、較(jiao)大(da)(da)、重大(da)(da)、嚴(yan)重。對(dui)應影響(xiang)程度(du)為(wei)(wei)1000萬元至(zhi)數億元不等。

2.3 確定風險等級

2.3.1 一般風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)發生的(de)可能性較低或風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)發生后對(dui)公司的(de)綜合損失度較小的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(1≤風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)值≤4)。

2.3.2 中等(deng)風(feng)險(xian)。介于(yu)一般風(feng)險(xian)與重大風(feng)險(xian)之間的風(feng)險(xian)(4

2.3.3 重大(da)風(feng)險。風(feng)險發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)可能(neng)性(xing)較(jiao)高,且發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)后對公(gong)司的(de)綜合損失(shi)度(du)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)風(feng)險(9

Y軸:P(可能性(xing))

X軸:F(影響(xiang)程度(du))

圖1 風險評估矩陣(zhen)

例(li)如:上圖中A點風險值(zhi)為2,屬于一(yi)般風險;B和C點風險值(zhi)都為12,屬于重大風險。

2.4 安全隱患與風險分級對應

3 基(ji)于資產全壽命的風險評估

以下實例選(xuan)自某(mou)電力(li)企業(ye)安全隱患(huan)管(guan)理平臺,將對(dui)采(cai)用(yong)風(feng)險評估法定(ding)級(ji)的結果與(yu)傳(chuan)統定(ding)級(ji)方法的結果做出比(bi)較。

3.1 實例簡介

某電力公(gong)司(si)2014年7月15日檢修公(gong)司(si)500kV XXXX5322線#45-#47桿塔(15米(mi))100MW光伏(fu)(fu)項目施工(gong)隱患。500kV XXXX5322線#45-#47桿塔(15米(mi))100MW光伏(fu)(fu)項目施工(gong)中(zhong),大型作業機具距(ju)離帶(dai)電導(dao)(dao)線較近,現場作業人員較多,且(qie)該(gai)隱患可(ke)能一定(ding)時期內較長時間存(cun)在(zai),易造成(cheng)安全距(ju)離不夠(gou)導(dao)(dao)致線路故障跳閘和人員群體傷亡事故發生(sheng)。

3.2 傳統評估(gu)分級

 可能導致后果:依據國(guo)家電(dian)網公司《安全事故調查規程》2.2.7.1條,35千(qian)伏以上輸變電(dian)設備異常運行或(huo)被(bei)迫停運,并(bing)造成(cheng)減供負(fu)荷者,構成(cheng)七級電(dian)網事件。如果造成(cheng)人員傷亡依據不同的(de)人數構成(cheng)不同等級的(de)人身事故。

 采用范(fan)例辨識法(fa),查詢“輸電專業”“違章(zhang)施工”相(xiang)關條目(mu),條目(mu)描述“線路保護區內起重(zhong)作(zuo)業,不能保證安(an)全(quan)距離:220kV ××線#36~#37,110kV ××線#29~#30塔間通(tong)過××鋼(gang)材(cai)市(shi)場(chang),導(dao)線最(zui)低點離地僅15米,鋼(gang)材(cai)市(shi)場(chang)起吊作(zuo)業頻繁,易造(zao)成(cheng)線路跳閘和人(ren)員觸(chu)電事故”,屬于“一般隱(yin)患(huan)”。

3.3 采用基于(yu)資產全壽命的風險(xian)評(ping)估分級

計算風險值:

P取值(zhi)4――公司可能每半年(nian)發生該類(lei)風險(概率低(di))

F1取值1――符(fu)合《國(guo)家電網(wang)公司安全事故調查(cha)規程(cheng)》的七級(ji)及(ji)以下級(ji)電網(wang)事件(風險損失度較小)

F2取(qu)值(zhi)4――3人(ren)及以上10人(ren)以下死亡或者10人(ren)及以上50人(ren)以下重傷(風險損失度較大)

F3取(qu)值(zhi)2――在地(di)市范圍內受到影(ying)響,但(dan)該影(ying)響需要一(yi)定時間、付出一(yi)定代(dai)價消(xiao)除(風險損(sun)失度一(yi)般(ban))

F4取值1――100萬(wan)元以下(風險損失度(du)較(jiao)小)

F=Fmax=Max(F1,F2,F3,F4)=Max(1,4,2,1)=4

R=P*F=4*4=16

確定(ding)風險等級(ji)和(he)隱患(huan)分級(ji):風險值為16,介于(9,25),根(gen)據附表的劃(hua)分等級(ji)屬于重大風險。

3.4 比(bi)較和結論

風(feng)險評估(gu)得(de)出的(de)安全隱患分級和原系統錄入(ru)時評估(gu)的(de)等級不一致,原因(yin)是本次事(shi)件評估(gu)人(ren)(ren)員未充分考(kao)慮事(shi)件發生可能性較(jiao)高、長期存(cun)在且(qie)現場人(ren)(ren)員多等因(yin)素。同時,本事(shi)件可能引(yin)起較(jiao)嚴重的(de)人(ren)(ren)身傷亡事(shi)故,須(xu)引(yin)起充分重視(shi),評估(gu)人(ren)(ren)員低(di)估(gu)了(le)其(qi)影響程度。

4 結語

電力企業(ye)安(an)全隱(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)分級工作(zuo)(zuo),是(shi)[患(huan)(huan)(huan)排(pai)查治理的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎。安(an)全隱(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)分級工作(zuo)(zuo),目前普遍采用的(de)主觀判斷法和(he)范例辨(bian)識法,經過不斷改(gai)良和(he)完(wan)善,已經可(ke)以較大滿足實際工作(zuo)(zuo)需(xu)要。采用基(ji)(ji)(ji)于資(zi)(zi)產(chan)全壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)風險評估法,對(dui)事件發生可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)和(he)影響程度進行量(liang)化分析,定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)結合定(ding)(ding)(ding)量(liang)能(neng)更有效核證,可(ke)以更準確地(di)反映實際情況。基(ji)(ji)(ji)于資(zi)(zi)產(chan)全壽(shou)命(ming)周期的(de)風險評估法,將能(neng)重點(dian)應用于需(xu)要特別關注(zhu)的(de)、可(ke)能(neng)成為(wei)工作(zuo)(zuo)焦(jiao)點(dian)的(de)一(yi)些隱(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)管理,可(ke)以更加(jia)準確、科學(xue)地(di)對(dui)隱(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)進行定(ding)(ding)(ding)義(yi)和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)級。

采用基于(yu)(yu)資產(chan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)壽命(ming)周期的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估(gu)法雖然(ran)能(neng)通過定(ding)量(liang)計(ji)算的(de)(de)方法對安全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患輔助定(ding)級,但(dan)仍(reng)需注意(yi)其局限性(xing)(xing)(xing):(1)雖然(ran)基于(yu)(yu)資產(chan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)壽命(ming)周期的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估(gu)法適用面較廣(guang),但(dan)由于(yu)(yu)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估(gu)所采用的(de)(de)取值(zhi)范圍的(de)(de)局限性(xing)(xing)(xing)和通用性(xing)(xing)(xing),其評(ping)估(gu)結果(guo)有(you)時不能(neng)準確反(fan)映出管理(li)者(zhe)期待的(de)(de)個性(xing)(xing)(xing)化(hua)結果(guo),宏觀(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)變量(liang)取值(zhi)可能(neng)難以反(fan)映微觀(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)事(shi)件本質(zhi),即客觀(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和主觀(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)不能(neng)完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)統一(yi),有(you)時應根據企業承受風(feng)險(xian)能(neng)力和實際情況對理(li)論取值(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)調整;(2)基于(yu)(yu)資產(chan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)壽命(ming)周期的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估(gu)法在實際使用過程中工作量(liang)較大,無法完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)替代現有(you)定(ding)級方法,其應用范圍受到一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)限制,所以應篩(shai)選(xuan)出有(you)上述特定(ding)隱(yin)患或存在爭議的(de)(de)實例加以運用。

相信(xin)在(zai)今后電力(li)企業安全隱(yin)患(huan)分級工作不(bu)斷總結經驗的基礎(chu)上,基于資產全壽命周(zhou)期(qi)的風險評估(gu)法會得到進一步完(wan)善,更能確切的指導隱(yin)患(huan)排查治理工作的全面有效開展。

參考文獻

[1] 國家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司(si).國家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司(si)安全事(shi)故調查規程(國家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)安監[2011]2024號)[S].2011.

[2] 國家電網公司(si).國家電網公司(si)安全生產事故隱患范(fan)例(一)(國家電網安監[2010]68號)[S].2010.

篇2

關鍵詞:辦公;計算機;安全(quan);防范

中圖分類號(hao):TP393.08 文獻標識碼:A文章編號(hao):1007-9599 (2011) 06-0000-01

Security Problems and Preventive Measures of Office Computer

Yang Hong

(Training Center of Zhongyuan Oilfield,Puyang 457001,China)

Abstract:Computer use in the modern office in more and more widely,but at the same office computer security issues stand out.This paper analyzes the existence of several common office computer security risks,both from the hardware and software proposed office computer security precautions.

Keywords:Office;Computer;Security;Prevention

隨著計(ji)算機技(ji)術和網絡(luo)技(ji)術的飛(fei)速發展,全球(qiu)信息化(hua)己成為(wei)人類社會(hui)發展的大(da)趨勢。計(ji)算機已(yi)經應用到人們工(gong)作、生活的各(ge)個(ge)領域,辦公(gong)計(ji)算機的使(shi)(shi)用大(da)大(da)提(ti)高了工(gong)作效率,但在使(shi)(shi)用時的安(an)全問(wen)(wen)題特別是網絡(luo)安(an)全問(wen)(wen)題就成為(wei)使(shi)(shi)用者不(bu)得不(bu)面對的問(wen)(wen)題,辦公(gong)計(ji)算機系統一旦(dan)損壞,將嚴重影響工(gong)作的順(shun)利(li)進行。因此(ci),辦公(gong)計(ji)算機的安(an)全使(shi)(shi)用十分重要。

一、辦公(gong)計(ji)算機(ji)存在(zai)的安全隱患(huan)

在日(ri)常使用(yong)中辦公計算機(ji)所面(mian)臨的(de)安全問題主要有物理安全隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)、操作系統(tong)安全隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)、應(ying)用(yong)程序安全隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)、計算機(ji)的(de)病毒攻擊隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)、計算機(ji)保密安全隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)等(deng)。

(一)物理安全(quan)(quan)隱患。是指在物理介質層次上對存貯和傳輸的信息(xi)安全(quan)(quan)保護。常見(jian)的不(bu)安全(quan)(quan)因素主要有:自然災害、計算(suan)機系統的物理損壞(huai)、設備故障等事故。

(二)操(cao)作(zuo)系統(tong)(tong)的安全隱(yin)患。現在大都采用主流的Windows操(cao)作(zuo)系統(tong)(tong),該系統(tong)(tong)存(cun)在很多安全隱(yin)患,經(jing)常需要升級(ji)補丁和正確的設置(zhi)來彌補系統(tong)(tong)漏洞。

(三(san))應用程(cheng)(cheng)序的安全隱患。目前使用的一(yi)些(xie)應用程(cheng)(cheng)序在(zai)一(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)度上都存在(zai)漏洞或后門,長期以來(lai),黑客攻擊(ji)事(shi)件不(bu)斷(duan)發生。黑客攻擊(ji)的主要方法有:口令攻擊(ji)、網絡監聽、緩沖區溢出、電(dian)子郵件攻擊(ji)等。

(四)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)毒(du)隱(yin)患。計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)毒(du)可(ke)通過網絡傳播,直接(jie)或間接(jie)導致計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)(ji)系統癱(tan)瘓,可(ke)對磁盤上存(cun)儲的數據、程(cheng)序進行(xing)破壞,使計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)(ji)系統的利用率降低。在使用辦(ban)公(gong)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)層(ceng)出(chu)不窮的計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)毒(du)是(shi)必須(xu)面對的難題(ti)。

計算機(ji)保密(mi)安全(quan)隱患(huan)是(shi)指計算機(ji)在使用過程中導致(zhi)內部(bu)文件泄(xie)露到外部(bu),導致(zhi)文件泄(xie)密(mi)。計算機(ji)泄(xie)密(mi)主要表現(xian)在:網絡泄(xie)密(mi)。在網絡上并接非法終(zhong)(zhong)端,或通過滲(shen)透技術操(cao)縱某一終(zhong)(zhong)端來非法侵入,達到竊(qie)密(mi)目(mu)的。信息(xi)存儲媒(mei)介泄(xie)密(mi)。使用過的信息(xi)存儲媒(mei)介如果處(chu)理不(bu)當(dang),都是(shi)泄(xie)密(mi)的隱患(huan)。人員素質不(bu)高造成泄(xie)密(mi)。

二、辦(ban)公計(ji)算(suan)機安全防范措施

針對前文分析的(de)(de)辦公(gong)計(ji)算機存在的(de)(de)安全隱(yin)患,筆者認(ren)為要杜(du)絕(jue)這(zhe)些隱(yin)患,需要從“軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)”和“硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)”兩個(ge)方面(mian)做好安全防范(fan)。

(一)從(cong)“硬件(jian)”上(shang)加(jia)強安(an)全(quan)防范。從(cong)“硬件(jian)”上(shang)加(jia)強安(an)全(quan)防范主要是(shi)指(zhi)硬件(jian)設(she)備(bei)、數據軟件(jian)等物(wu)質(zhi)媒(mei)介上(shang)加(jia)強辦公安(an)全(quan)防范。

1.計算機(ji)工作(zuo)的環境應當“整潔”“干燥”“通風”,電源環境應穩定和接地,對(dui)整個辦公計算機(ji)網絡進行防雷保護,操作(zuo)時按正常程(cheng)序開關機(ji),輕拿(na)輕放(fang),避免震動。

2.定期安裝系統漏(lou)洞補丁(ding),加強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)腦安全(quan)。在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)腦時,密(mi)碼要(yao)包含大小寫字(zi)母(mu),數字(zi)多種組(zu)(zu)合,以避免密(mi)碼泄漏(lou)。本(ben)(ben)地用(yong)(yong)戶和組(zu)(zu)中,為了(le)防止(zhi)機器(qi)受到非授權(quan)的訪問(wen)和攻(gong)擊,需(xu)要(yao)停用(yong)(yong)本(ben)(ben)機的Guest帳(zhang)號。安裝系統漏(lou)洞補丁(ding),注(zhu)意文件(jian)共享。在網絡環(huan)境(jing)中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)腦,經常要(yao)瀏覽(lan)網頁,下(xia)載(zai)資(zi)料等(deng),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時一定要(yao)安裝操作系統補丁(ding)程(cheng)序。如果設置(zhi)共享目錄需(xu)要(yao)注(zhu)意共享目錄的權(quan)限設置(zhi),不能共享給(gei)所有用(yong)(yong)戶。

3.預防計算機受到(dao)病(bing)(bing)毒的感(gan)染。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)正版操(cao)作系統(tong)軟(ruan)(ruan)件和應用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)(ruan)件。安(an)裝防病(bing)(bing)毒軟(ruan)(ruan)件,并及時更新;安(an)裝防火墻軟(ruan)(ruan)件,定期執(zhi)行全盤(pan)(pan)掃描。如(ru)果(guo)沒有安(an)裝殺(sha)(sha)毒軟(ruan)(ruan)件,可(ke)以訪問防病(bing)(bing)毒軟(ruan)(ruan)件公司(si)網站使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在線查毒功(gong)能(neng)等。要避免使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)(ruan)盤(pan)(pan),U盤(pan)(pan)復制數據,如(ru)果(guo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)(ruan)盤(pan)(pan)或(huo)者(zhe)U盤(pan)(pan)拷貝數據,先使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)(sha)毒軟(ruan)(ruan)件提供的功(gong)能(neng)進行病(bing)(bing)毒查殺(sha)(sha)和清除。

3.清除病毒。查殺(sha)(sha)病毒之前(qian),備份有用(yong)的數(shu)據(ju),一般(ban)數(shu)據(ju)的備份方(fang)法,通過(guo)系統中的復制(zhi)、粘貼功能將所需要的數(shu)據(ju)備份到(dao)U盤(pan)等其他存儲設備中。最(zui)好使用(yong)最(zui)新版本的殺(sha)(sha)毒軟(ruan)(ruan)件進行殺(sha)(sha)毒操作,將殺(sha)(sha)毒軟(ruan)(ruan)件升級到(dao)最(zui)新的病毒代碼(ma)庫,斷開(kai)網絡,重新啟動計算(suan)機進入(ru)安全模式,再查殺(sha)(sha)病毒。

4.預(yu)防和(he)清除(chu)間諜軟件。間諜軟件是執行(xing)某些(xie)行(xing)為的(de)(de)軟件的(de)(de)通用術語。訪問網(wang)絡時常會遇到這類的(de)(de)軟件,可以進(jin)行(xing)以下操作:調整瀏(liu)覽(lan)器的(de)(de)Internet選項中的(de)(de)安全(quan)設置,設置合適的(de)(de)安全(quan)級別,并將非法網(wang)站(zhan)加入受(shou)限制站(zhan)點。使(shi)用防火墻,安全(quan)的(de)(de)上網(wang)和(he)下載,使(shi)用間諜軟件刪除(chu)工具來刪除(chu)已經感染的(de)(de)程(cheng)序。

(二(er))從(cong)(cong)“軟件(jian)”上做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)安全防范(fan)。從(cong)(cong)“軟件(jian)”上做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)安全防范(fan),主要是指從(cong)(cong)人力資源、文化環境上做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)安全防范(fan)。

要(yao)加強(qiang)保(bao)密(mi)(mi)教(jiao)育,提(ti)高(gao)工作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的素質。在(zai)選配計算機管理和(he)操作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)時應堅持德(de)才兼(jian)備的標準,加強(qiang)“雙向學習”,即(ji)技(ji)術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)學習保(bao)密(mi)(mi)知(zhi)識(shi),開展保(bao)密(mi)(mi)教(jiao)育,提(ti)高(gao)保(bao)守(shou)國家秘密(mi)(mi)的自(zi)覺性(xing)。保(bao)密(mi)(mi)工作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)學習計算機基礎知(zhi)識(shi),了解計算機的工作方式和(he)特點,以適(shi)應新技(ji)術革命對保(bao)密(mi)(mi)工作的要(yao)求,使保(bao)密(mi)(mi)工作科學化(hua)、現代化(hua)。

要(yao)完(wan)善(shan)保密(mi)(mi)制(zhi)(zhi)度堵塞各種漏洞。一是(shi)建立(li)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)的(de)機(ji)(ji)房管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度,禁(jin)止無關人(ren)員(yuan)隨便進(jin)出機(ji)(ji)房,網絡系統的(de)中心控制(zhi)(zhi)室要(yao)有嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)的(de)出入(ru)制(zhi)(zhi)度,同(tong)(tong)時要(yao)有必要(yao)的(de)保安措施(shi)。二是(shi)規定使(shi)(shi)用(yong)權限。首先,對(dui)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)中心和(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)數據劃分(fen)密(mi)(mi)級,采取不同(tong)(tong)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)措施(shi),秘(mi)(mi)密(mi)(mi)信息不得在(zai)公(gong)開的(de)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)中處理(li)(li)(li);其次,根據使(shi)(shi)用(yong)者的(de)不同(tong)(tong)情況,規定不同(tong)(tong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)級別,在(zai)系統開發中,系統分(fen)析員(yuan)、程序員(yuan)、操(cao)作(zuo)員(yuan)應(ying)職(zhi)責分(fen)離,使(shi)(shi)知(zhi)道全局的(de)人(ren)盡可能少。三(san)是(shi)加強秘(mi)(mi)密(mi)(mi)信息存(cun)儲媒(mei)體的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。錄有秘(mi)(mi)密(mi)(mi)的(de)磁盤(pan),應(ying)按照同(tong)(tong)等文(wen)(wen)件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),對(dui)其復制(zhi)(zhi)、打(da)印(yin)、存(cun)放(fang)、借閱、銷(xiao)毀均應(ying)遵(zun)守(shou)有關規定。同(tong)(tong)一軟盤(pan)中最(zui)(zui)好不要(yao)混入(ru)秘(mi)(mi)密(mi)(mi)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)和(he)(he)公(gong)開文(wen)(wen)件(jian),如果同(tong)(tong)時錄有不同(tong)(tong)密(mi)(mi)級的(de)文(wen)(wen)件(jian),應(ying)按密(mi)(mi)級最(zui)(zui)高的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。同(tong)(tong)時,還應(ying)對(dui)操(cao)作(zuo)過程中臨時存(cun)入(ru)過秘(mi)(mi)密(mi)(mi)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)磁盤(pan)、打(da)印(yin)的(de)廢紙做好妥善(shan)處理(li)(li)(li)。

只要各(ge)(ge)(ge)級、各(ge)(ge)(ge)方面(mian)人員(yuan)都能重視辦公(gong)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)中(zhong)的(de)保(bao)(bao)密(mi)問題,加強(qiang)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)安全觀念(nian)更新(xin)和制(zhi)度建設,計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)安全中(zhong)的(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種漏洞是可以堵住的(de),計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)為辦公(gong)自(zi)動化發揮日益巨大作(zuo)用的(de)同時,也一定能夠為安全保(bao)(bao)密(mi)工作(zuo)做出新(xin)貢獻。

參考文獻:

[1]方(fang)關(guan)寶,蔣繼(ji)紅,關(guan)義章.信息(xi)系統(tong)安全工程學[M].金城出(chu)版社,2000

[2]毛立山,程勝利.計算機(ji)安全技術(shu)的(de)探(tan)討(tao)[M].通信保密,2000,2:34-37

[3]劉遠(yuan)生.計算機網絡安(an)全[M].清華大學出版社,2006

篇3

1.1系統組件本(ben)身的脆弱性

由于國(guo)家電(dian)網經(jing)營(ying)發展屬(shu)于民生(sheng)大計問(wen)題(ti)(ti),產(chan)業發展涉及到(dao)輸變電(dian)生(sheng)產(chan)、電(dian)力項目(mu)建(jian)設(she)、工(gong)程項目(mu)維修、用(yong)(yong)電(dian)銷售(shou)等諸多(duo)經(jing)營(ying)業務內容(rong)(rong)。因此,電(dian)力系(xi)統自(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)通信(xin)技術視角下(xia)的(de)技術定(ding)位相對(dui)較廣,在信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)統設(she)計、生(sheng)產(chan)、組(zu)裝環節中也就必然(ran)存在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。比如(ru),第(di)一(yi)(yi)點則屬(shu)于系(xi)統硬件(jian)(jian)故障(zhang)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti),和信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)統設(she)計初期(qi)階段存在隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)有(you)主要關系(xi)。第(di)二點軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)系(xi)統自(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti),這類安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)一(yi)(yi)般多(duo)來(lai)源于電(dian)力通信(xin)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)技術領(ling)域下(xia)的(de)平(ping)臺(tai)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian),在平(ping)臺(tai)設(she)計開發階段存在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)技術遺留(liu)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。第(di)三,基于TCP/IP協議棧的(de)定(ding)義(yi)內容(rong)(rong)在網絡應用(yong)(yong)設(she)計之初時就留(liu)下(xia)了(le)兼(jian)容(rong)(rong)性技術漏洞,使得網絡安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)加劇。

1.2自然威脅

這(zhe)類隱患性(xing)問題多以電力通信(xin)網(wang)絡安全下的不(bu)可抗力事件發(fa)生為(wei)主,比如(ru)網(wang)絡信(xin)息系統如(ru)果遭受(shou)自(zi)然(ran)雷(lei)擊,或(huo)者是工作站(zhan)突發(fa)性(xing)發(fa)生火災,抑或(huo)通信(xin)系統遭受(shou)自(zi)然(ran)外力破壞,如(ru)地震、覆冰、風偏等。此外,這(zhe)些自(zi)然(ran)不(bu)可抗事件發(fa)生一般不(bu)以人為(wei)意志(zhi)為(wei)轉移,會使得國家電網(wang)造成不(bu)可避(bi)免的經(jing)濟資產損失(shi)。

1.3人為意(yi)外因素

通常指(zhi)人(ren)為(wei)因(yin)素(su)下的設計失誤、技術系(xi)統操作異常、不規范使(shi)用信息系(xi)統等(deng)造成的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患問(wen)題(ti)。此外(wai),這類隱(yin)患問(wen)題(ti)出現一(yi)般(ban)并(bing)非(fei)人(ren)為(wei)主觀意識(shi)上故(gu)意造成安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)問(wen)題(ti),而(er)屬于人(ren)為(wei)以外(wai)因(yin)素(su)所致(zhi)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患問(wen)題(ti)。

1.4人為惡意因素(su)

同樣,人為因(yin)素也(ye)包含惡意、蓄意、故意行(xing)為造(zao)就的(de)網(wang)絡信息(xi)安(an)全事故問題。伴(ban)隨(sui)這種惡意行(xing)為發(fa)生(sheng),可(ke)能(neng)會存在(zai)蓄意篡改(gai)重要數據,或者(zhe)偷盜重要信息(xi)資源,或者(zhe)更改(gai)代(dai)碼種植木馬信息(xi)等,以(yi)通過惡劣(lie)、低(di)俗的(de)網(wang)絡黑客行(xing)為謀取私利。

2電力自動化通信技術下的網絡結構(gou)分析

國家電網系統(tong)下信息網絡結構一(yi)般由(you)核心局域網,地方部門的局域網,以及區域通信渠道網絡互聯所組成;從應(ying)用功能角度又可(ke)劃分為供生(sheng)產、制造所用的SCADA/EMS系統(tong),以及供電經(jing)營(ying)相(xiang)關的MIS系統(tong)。

2.1SCADA/EMS系統(tong)

主要適用(yong)于(yu)變電(dian)網(wang)工作站、發電(dian)廠等(deng)電(dian)力(li)供給、送電(dian)單位生(sheng)產所用(yong)。并且該系統作用(yong)主要是(shi)進行監(jian)控(kong)、處理、評估及分析等(deng);同時,其基本(ben)功能(neng)板塊劃分為數據采集、能(neng)源分析、信息存儲、實時監(jian)控(kong)等(deng)。

2.2MIS系統(信息業務(wu)網)

該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)主要(yao)對(dui)網絡(luo)信息化(hua)相關商務活(huo)動(dong)進(jin)行(xing)服務,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)其系(xi)統(tong)(tong)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)主要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)辦公自動(dong)化(hua)、用(yong)戶(hu)供電(dian)信息查詢(xun)、信息統(tong)(tong)計管控(kong)、人資(zi)建設、以及安(an)全(quan)生產等(deng)(deng)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)板(ban)塊。此外,MIS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)可對(dui)電(dian)力(li)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)直(zhi)屬(shu)上下級(ji)單(dan)位予以聯網交(jiao)互,包(bao)括(kuo)地區間供電(dian)企業(ye)(ye)售電(dian)業(ye)(ye)務下的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)客戶(hu)數(shu)據(ju)交(jiao)互等(deng)(deng)。與(yu)之同(tong)時(shi)(shi),MIS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)下已經由過去單(dan)一的(de)(de)EMS模式逐步轉(zhuan)化(hua)為了當前的(de)(de)自動(dong)化(hua)DMS、TMR、調度管理、及雷電(dian)監(jian)測等(deng)(deng)多種方(fang)式應(ying)用(yong)拓展,可以會說在信息資(zi)源(yuan)優化(hua)及調整上更(geng)為專業(ye)(ye)。而MIS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于電(dian)力(li)產業(ye)(ye)經營業(ye)(ye)務相關的(de)(de)組織活(huo)動(dong)方(fang)面,比如財(cai)務管理、物資(zi)置辦、用(yong)電(dian)檢(jian)查、安(an)全(quan)監(jian)控(kong)、信息查詢(xun)等(deng)(deng)多個方(fang)面。包(bao)括(kuo)在MIS平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)也能夠配套www、mail等(deng)(deng)板(ban)塊予以實踐應(ying)用(yong),并(bing)且其屬(shu)于IP網絡(luo)傳輸,組網方(fang)式現如今也能夠實現千兆以太(tai)網,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)網絡(luo)結構取用(yong)于同(tong)級(ji)網絡(luo)分層(ceng),每層(ceng)又分為子(zi)網與(yu)鏈(lian)路層(ceng)予以連接。

3電力自動化(hua)通信技(ji)術中的信息安全構建思路

3.1健全安全防范機制(zhi)

國(guo)家電網(wang)(wang)下電力企業通(tong)信技術平(ping)臺下的各(ge)個管理單(dan)元眾多,在網(wang)(wang)絡信息安(an)全(quan)(quan)中制定必要的安(an)全(quan)(quan)防范(fan)機制非常重(zhong)(zhong)要。因此(ci),在安(an)全(quan)(quan)機制構建(jian)過程中,需(xu)要保障安(an)全(quan)(quan)機制具有(you)嚴謹的邏輯性,要能(neng)結合(he)電力企業自(zi)身需(xu)求情況,確認出重(zhong)(zhong)點網(wang)(wang)絡防范(fan)區域(yu)(yu)與劃分出普通(tong)網(wang)(wang)絡訪(fang)問區域(yu)(yu)。比如,對于一(yi)般(ban)性網(wang)(wang)絡訪(fang)問區域(yu)(yu),需(xu)要設(she)置具備一(yi)定開放性的訪(fang)問權(quan)限;而重(zhong)(zhong)點網(wang)(wang)絡防范(fan)區則需(xu)要嚴格限制普通(tong)權(quan)限客戶登錄,設(she)立(li)較高安(an)全(quan)(quan)級別權(quan)限,以此(ci)才(cai)能(neng)對安(an)全(quan)(quan)數據、資源(yuan)信息、QA系統運營進行重(zhong)(zhong)點安(an)全(quan)(quan)監督。

3.2完善信息網絡(luo)設備管理機制(zhi)

信息設備(bei)管理(li)主要以電網系(xi)統下信息安(an)全設備(bei)管理(li)作為(wei)研(yan)究載體,強調(diao)設備(bei)管理(li)綜合效率最大(da)化提(ti)升。基(ji)于此(ci),設備(bei)管理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)中要配套使(shi)用促進(jin)人(ren)員職能(neng)發(fa)揮(hui)的激(ji)烈獎(jiang)懲(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi),以此(ci)來提(ti)升其責(ze)任意識(shi)和凝聚歸屬感,激(ji)發(fa)人(ren)員信息安(an)全運維作業的人(ren)員主觀(guan)能(neng)動性(xing)。此(ci)外,設備(bei)管理(li)工作開展(zhan)從基(ji)本(ben)規劃、設計研(yan)發(fa)、平臺選型、配件采購、安(an)裝組建(jian)、故障維修、定期養護、技術更新、設施技改等(deng)方面進(jin)行組織(zhi)管理(li),以此(ci)才能(neng)確保(bao)信息網絡設備(bei)及使(shi)用軟件平臺的可靠性(xing)與實用性(xing)。

3.3強(qiang)化電力系(xi)統信息安全(quan)技術

為了充分保(bao)障信(xin)(xin)(xin)息網(wang)絡(luo)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),對于(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術研(yan)究而言(yan)則(ze)非(fei)常重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。一般當(dang)前(qian)通信(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡(luo)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有:防火(huo)(huo)(huo)墻、身份鑒別與驗證、信(xin)(xin)(xin)息資源加(jia)密手段應用等(deng)。因此(ci),第(di)(di)一,強化(hua)防火(huo)(huo)(huo)墻網(wang)絡(luo)管理是(shi)必(bi)然的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)防控手段,特別是(shi)防火(huo)(huo)(huo)墻這種具備保(bao)護屏障作(zuo)用的(de)內、外(wai)網(wang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)服務(wu)通道。所以,防火(huo)(huo)(huo)墻優(you)化(hua)設計時要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)考慮(lv)其接口連(lian)接問(wen)(wen)題的(de)同(tong)時,配套做好網(wang)絡(luo)漏洞修復。第(di)(di)二,身份鑒別與驗證,則(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)控公(gong)司內、外(wai)網(wang)的(de)數據(ju)監控,人員操作(zuo)日志(zhi),控制權限訪問(wen)(wen)等(deng),以便于(yu)公(gong)司內部網(wang)絡(luo)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)軟(ruan)件開發時可提供必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息資源依據(ju)。第(di)(di)三,對于(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息加(jia)密手段應用,則(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)考慮(lv)口令(ling)卡、智(zhi)能卡、以及密鑰安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)形手段的(de)配套使用。同(tong)時,信(xin)(xin)(xin)息加(jia)密還(huan)可以結合企業自身條件,配套使用DES/RAS等(deng)密碼技術應用,以避免未(wei)經(jing)授權時可有效控制非(fei)訪訪問(wen)(wen)獲得數據(ju)等(deng),防范重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)數據(ju)泄漏。

4結束語

篇4

關鍵詞(ci):風險分(fen)級管控;事故隱(yin)患排查治理

1建立安全(quan)風險分(fen)級(ji)管(guan)控與事(shi)故(gu)隱患排(pai)查治(zhi)理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)意義

安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)分級(ji)管(guan)(guan)控和事故隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)排(pai)查(cha)治理(li)兩個方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)性工作(zuo),簡稱(cheng)雙重預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機制。雙重預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)采取對安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)實施管(guan)(guan)控和對事故隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)進行排(pai)查(cha)治理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩種(zhong)手段,是(shi)(shi)(shi)為防(fang)(fang)(fang)范生(sheng)(sheng)產安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故而(er)構筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩道防(fang)(fang)(fang)線。雙重預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機制是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)超前(qian)(qian)預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)產安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故發生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系。安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)分級(ji)管(guan)(guan)控是(shi)(shi)(shi)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)排(pai)查(cha)治理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提和基礎(chu),隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)排(pai)查(cha)治理(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)分級(ji)管(guan)(guan)控的(de)(de)(de)(de)強化(hua)與深入。事故隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)來源于(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)控失效(xiao)或弱化(hua),安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)得到(dao)有(you)效(xiao)管(guan)(guan)控就會(hui)不出(chu)現(xian)或少出(chu)現(xian)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)。構建(jian)雙重預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機制就是(shi)(shi)(shi)針(zhen)對安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產領(ling)域“認不清、想不到(dao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)突出(chu)問題,強調(diao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)關口前(qian)(qian)移,從隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)排(pai)查(cha)治理(li)前(qian)(qian)移到(dao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)控。推(tui)動(dong)建(jian)立(li)企(qi)業安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)自(zi)(zi)辨自(zi)(zi)控、隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)自(zi)(zi)查(cha)自(zi)(zi)治。促(cu)使(shi)企(qi)業形成常態化(hua)運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)機制,切實提升安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產整體預(yu)控能力,夯(hang)實遏制重特(te)大事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)堅實基礎(chu)。

2制定安全風險(xian)分(fen)級(ji)管控(kong)與事故(gu)隱患排查(cha)治理機制總體規劃(hua)

河北鋼鐵(tie)(tie)集團(tuan)灤(luan)縣司(si)家(jia)營(ying)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)有限公司(si)(以下簡稱(cheng)司(si)家(jia)營(ying)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang))位于河北省(sheng)唐(tang)山市(shi)灤(luan)州市(shi),是(shi)冀東礦(kuang)脈的一(yi)部分(fen)(fen),為我國三大鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)區之(zhi)一(yi),司(si)家(jia)營(ying)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)總投資(zi)19.27億元(yuan),于2008年(nian)投產。司(si)家(jia)營(ying)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)通過成立組織機構、劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)工作職(zhi)(zhi)責、明確人員(yuan)配置(zhi)、資(zi)料收(shou)集、全(quan)(quan)員(yuan)培訓、制(zhi)度修訂、風險辨識(shi)及(ji)評估(gu)、修訂完善、編(bian)制(zhi)隱患(huan)排查(cha)清單、制(zhi)定(ding)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)檢查(cha)表(綜(zong)合、專業(ye)、專項、日常)、繪制(zhi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)風險空間分(fen)(fen)布圖、建立雙(shuang)重預防(fang)機制(zhi)運行信(xin)息管理平臺、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)風險公告(gao)、隱患(huan)排查(cha)治理、印發職(zhi)(zhi)工安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)手冊(ce)、編(bian)制(zhi)保(bao)命(ming)法(fa)則和獎勵(li)隱患(huan)舉報(bao)等(deng)一(yi)系列工作,有效保(bao)證了雙(shuang)重預防(fang)機制(zhi)建設(she)工作的順利開展。

3建立安全風險分級管(guan)控與事故隱患排查治理(li)機制(zhi)的(de)全面辨識評估與分級管(guan)控

(1)綜合考慮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)系統(tong),合理(li)(li)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)評(ping)估(gu)單(dan)(dan)元根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)自身(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝、設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)狀況(kuang)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)需要(yao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)情(qing)況(kuang),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)采礦、爆破、運輸、礦破、選礦、尾礦庫、機加工、輔助單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)機關等(deng)(deng)(deng)10個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)系統(tong),將(jiang)各(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)系統(tong)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)27個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)單(dan)(dan)元,按(an)照組(zu)織機構層級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)143個(ge)(ge)子單(dan)(dan)元、327個(ge)(ge)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)單(dan)(dan)元。(2)細化(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)流程(cheng),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)開展(zhan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)辨識(shi)司(si)家營鐵(tie)礦將(jiang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)辨識(shi)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別從兩方(fang)面(mian)進行(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)辨識(shi)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)辨識(shi):將(jiang)職工的(de)(de)(de)每一項作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)細分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)數個(ge)(ge)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)步(bu)驟,確(que)(que)定每項作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率并(bing)(bing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan),確(que)(que)保作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)包括職工的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)。設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)辨識(shi):根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)流程(cheng),編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)每個(ge)(ge)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan),利用(yong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)檢查(cha)表分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析法(fa)(fa)(fa)(SCL)對設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施存在的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進行(xing)辨識(shi)。辨識(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi),參照相(xiang)(xiang)關法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)、國家、行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)。(3)明(ming)確(que)(que)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)層級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)方(fang)案司(si)家營鐵(tie)礦有(you)(you)限公司(si)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)每個(ge)(ge)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan),根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)、國家標準(zhun)、行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)(gui)范、崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)要(yao)求,將(jiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)工程(cheng)技術(shu)措(cuo)施、個(ge)(ge)體防護措(cuo)施、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)措(cuo)施三類,共制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訂(ding)了(le)(le)(le)17420項管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)結果(guo),明(ming)確(que)(que)各(ge)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)(xiang)對應的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(科室)、班組(zu)和(he)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)范圍和(he)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),將(jiang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解到(dao)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)確(que)(que)定管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別,重大(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由公司(si)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)(qu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、班組(zu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)共同(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong),較大(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)(qu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、班組(zu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)共同(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong),一般風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由班組(zu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)共同(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong),低風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)。對較大(da)以上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)都編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)方(fang)案。司(si)家營鐵(tie)礦要(yao)求員(yuan)(yuan)工進入作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)時(shi),必須按(an)照風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)對崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀況(kuang)和(he)各(ge)項管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施進行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)確(que)(que)認(ren),并(bing)(bing)進行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)預知、設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)檢查(cha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong),消除人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)不全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)和(he)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)不安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)狀態,做到(dao)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務到(dao)人(ren)(ren)、責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)到(dao)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)到(dao)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。(4)升華風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)評(ping)估(gu)結果(guo),繪制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)圖風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)圖根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別進行(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),共制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訂(ding)了(le)(le)(le)5個(ge)(ge)公司(si)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)圖,16個(ge)(ge)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)(qu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)圖、崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)圖268個(ge)(ge)。同(tong)時(shi)認(ren)真(zhen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析紅(hong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、橙區(qu)(qu)(qu)、黃區(qu)(qu)(qu)、藍區(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian),有(you)(you)針對性地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施,尤其(qi)加大(da)對較大(da)以上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)力度。(5)依(yi)據(ju)(ju)(ju)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)和(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan),編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隱(yin)患(huan)排查(cha)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)各(ge)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)以及安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong),編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)從公司(si)領導到(dao)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)工的(de)(de)(de)隱(yin)患(huan)排查(cha)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan),明(ming)確(que)(que)了(le)(le)(le)每個(ge)(ge)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施、措(cuo)施失(shi)控(kong)(kong)表現、管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)部(bu)門、管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)、隱(yin)患(huan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、排查(cha)部(bu)門、排查(cha)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)、排查(cha)頻(pin)次等(deng)(deng)(deng)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong),嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別進行(xing)隱(yin)患(huan)排查(cha)。

4建(jian)立安全風險分(fen)級管(guan)控與事(shi)故隱(yin)患排(pai)查治理機制的(de)安全風險公(gong)告

(1)推(tui)動(dong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao),促(cu)進職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)規(gui)避風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)為切實(shi)推(tui)動(dong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)息公(gong)(gong)(gong)開,確保(bao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)從業人員充分了(le)(le)解公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)存在(zai)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),促(cu)進職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)掌(zhang)握規(gui)避風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)措(cuo)施并嚴格(ge)落(luo)實(shi)到位(wei),根據《非煤(mei)礦(kuang)山雙重預防機制(zhi)(zhi)建設規(gui)范(fan)》要求,司(si)(si)家營(ying)鐵(tie)礦(kuang)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)了(le)(le)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)制(zhi)(zhi)度。在(zai)采場、尾礦(kuang)庫、鍋爐、主(zhu)要廠房等重點(dian)區域(yu)分別設置(zhi)了(le)(le)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)欄,為所有(you)較大以上風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)(le)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)示牌,公(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)重點(dian)區域(yu)存在(zai)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。(2)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)告(gao)(gao)(gao)知(zhi)(zhi)卡(ka),促(cu)使職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)標準化操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)根據全(quan)(quan)(quan)面風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)辨識的(de)(de)結果,為全(quan)(quan)(quan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)各崗(gang)位(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)(le)267個(ge)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)告(gao)(gao)(gao)知(zhi)(zhi)卡(ka),將風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因素、可(ke)能引發事故隱患類別、事故后(hou)果、管控措(cuo)施、應急措(cuo)施及報告(gao)(gao)(gao)方式(shi)等內容(rong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)知(zhi)(zhi)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong),組織職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)學習,使職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)了(le)(le)解風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)嚴重性,掌(zhang)握應急處置(zhi)措(cuo)施。便于員工(gong)(gong)隨時(shi)進行安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)確認,指導員工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)范(fan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。

5建立安全風(feng)險(xian)分(fen)級管控與事故隱患排(pai)查(cha)治(zhi)(zhi)理機(ji)制的隱患排(pai)查(cha)治(zhi)(zhi)理

(1)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)“四個機制(zhi)”隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)治理(li)(li)(li)體系司(si)家營鐵礦的(de)(de)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)治理(li)(li)(li)主要以崗位(wei)自查(cha)(cha)為(wei)基礎,同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)建(jian)立班組、作業區(qu)、職能(neng)科(ke)室和礦級(ji)領導(dao)帶隊檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)逐級(ji)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)體系。對于檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)中發現的(de)(de)事故隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan),司(si)家營鐵礦有限(xian)公司(si)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)整改(gai)“責任、措施、資金、時(shi)(shi)限(xian)和預(yu)案(an)”五到位(wei)原則落實整改(gai),對隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)、登(deng)記(ji)、整治、監督(du)、驗(yan)收、銷號(hao)全(quan)(quan)過程實現“閉環”管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。(2)推廣使用(yong)雙重預(yu)防機制(zhi)運行信息(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)平臺,提高隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)治理(li)(li)(li)效率為(wei)了加強隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)治理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)效率,建(jian)立人人參與的(de)(de)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)模式,司(si)家營鐵礦有限(xian)公司(si)建(jian)立了隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)治理(li)(li)(li)信息(xi)系統,開(kai)發了與安全(quan)(quan)風險管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)相適應的(de)(de)處理(li)(li)(li)模塊和表單(dan),實現了安全(quan)(quan)風險、事故隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)可(ke)視化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。該系統能(neng)夠及(ji)時(shi)(shi)將上級(ji)單(dan)位(wei)、公司(si)級(ji)、作業區(qu)級(ji)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)發現的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)傳達給所有職工,同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)能(neng)夠及(ji)時(shi)(shi)提醒相關(guan)人員進(jin)行隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)整改(gai)及(ji)復查(cha)(cha)。

6建立安全風險分級管控與事故隱患排(pai)查(cha)治理機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)實施效果

篇5

促進企(qi)(qi)業(ye)提高(gao)本質安(an)全(quan)(quan)水(shui)平,為推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)落實(shi)(shi)《安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)法(fa)》市安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)監(jian)督管(guan)理條例》等(deng)法(fa)律法(fa)規賦予的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)主(zhu)體(ti)責任(ren)。構建(jian)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)長效機制(zhi),根據國(guo)(guo)務院《關于(yu)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)加強企(qi)(qi)業(ye)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)工作的(de)通知》國(guo)(guo)發〔〕23號)和市政府(fu)《關于(yu)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)落實(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)主(zhu)體(ti)責任(ren)的(de)決定(ding)(ding)》渝府(fu)發〔〕3號)關于(yu)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)加強企(qi)(qi)業(ye)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)工作的(de)意見》渝府(fu)發〔〕93號)及市政府(fu)辦公(gong)廳(ting)《關于(yu)印發市開展落實(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)主(zhu)體(ti)責任(ren)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方案的(de)通知》渝辦發〔〕261號)等(deng)文(wen)件要求,決定(ding)(ding)在全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)開展落實(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)主(zhu)體(ti)責任(ren)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)。結合(he)我(wo)縣(xian)實(shi)(shi)際,制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)本實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方案。

一、指導思想

牢固樹立安(an)(an)(an)全發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)(li)念,深入貫(guan)徹(che)落(luo)實科學(xue)發(fa)展(zhan)觀。按照《安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)法(fa)》等法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)規(gui)定,推動各鄉鎮(zhen)人民政(zheng)府和行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)部門領(ling)導強化安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)責任意識(shi),實行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)分級管理(li)(li),強化“一崗(gang)雙責”和行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)問責;推動法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)賦予企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)保障方面應(ying)當(dang)執行(xing)(xing)的(de)有關規(gui)定、應(ying)當(dang)履行(xing)(xing)的(de)工作(zuo)職責、應(ying)當(dang)具備(bei)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全條件、應(ying)當(dang)執行(xing)(xing)的(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)標準和應(ying)當(dang)承擔的(de)法(fa)律(lv)責任等落(luo)實到位(wei),進一步落(luo)實企(qi)業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)主體責任,夯實安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工作(zuo)基礎,提高企(qi)業(ye)(ye)本質安(an)(an)(an)全水平,有效防范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)安(an)(an)(an)全事故,構(gou)建安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)長效機制。

二、工作目標

使國家(jia)有(you)關法律法規(gui)賦(fu)予企業(ye)(ye)的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)責(ze)任(ren),通過(guo)開展落實(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)主(zhu)體責(ze)任(ren)行(xing)動。特別是企業(ye)(ye)在主(zhu)體合法、設備設施、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)投入、機構(gou)(gou)人員(yuan)(yuan)、規(gui)章制度、宣傳教育、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理、應(ying)急管理等共性部(bu)分(fen)“八個方面”和行(xing)業(ye)(ye)特殊要求(行(xing)業(ye)(ye)標準化)責(ze)任(ren)得到有(you)效落實(shi)(shi)。通過(guo)對企業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評級,實(shi)(shi)施分(fen)級監管,強化激勵約束,促使企業(ye)(ye)加強基礎管理,做(zuo)到依法生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying),維(wei)護員(yuan)(yuan)工權益,保障安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)條件”著力構(gou)(gou)建安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)長效機制。

三、工作重點

(一(yi))主(zhu)要是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)安(an)(an)全現狀進(jin)行(xing)(xing)級別評(ping)估,工(gong)作范圍。開(kai)展(zhan)落實(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)安(an)(an)全生產主(zhu)體責(ze)任(ren)行(xing)(xing)動。針對(dui)不同級別的企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)分級監管、重(zhong)點(dian)督促、治理隱患、整(zheng)改提升。結合我縣安(an)(an)全生產實(shi)(shi)際,第一(yi)輪(lun)行(xing)(xing)動重(zhong)點(dian)在非煤礦(kuang)山、危險化學品(pin)、煙花爆竹、建筑施(shi)工(gong)、交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)運輸、民用(yong)爆炸物品(pin)、冶金、消防等8個(ge)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(領(ling)域)開(kai)展(zhan),其他行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(領(ling)域)由縣政府有關部門結合實(shi)(shi)際部署推(tui)進(jin)。

(二)作(zuo)為企(qi)(qi)業安(an)全(quan)(quan)狀況(kuang)等級評(ping)定(ding)的(de)依據。評(ping)估細(xi)則(ze)》另行(xing)文(wen)下發。級別評(ping)定(ding)。依據安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產有關法律(lv)法規(gui)和(he)標(biao)準、市落(luo)實企(qi)(qi)業安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產主(zhu)體責(ze)任評(ping)估細(xi)則(ze)》以下簡稱《評(ping)估細(xi)則(ze)》強化企(qi)(qi)業安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產主(zhu)體責(ze)任量化考評(ping)。評(ping)估細(xi)則(ze)》采用“千(qian)分(fen)制(zhi)”由共(gong)性(xing)部分(fen)“八個方(fang)面”主(zhu)體合法、設(she)備設(she)施、安(an)全(quan)(quan)投(tou)入(ru)、機構人(ren)員、規(gui)章制(zhi)度、宣(xuan)傳教(jiao)育、安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)、應(ying)急管(guan)理(li))600分(fen)和(he)行(xing)業特殊要求400分(fen)組成。

其中:企(qi)業安全生產現(xian)狀劃分A級(ji)(優良)B級(ji)(較好)C級(ji)(一般)D級(ji)(較差)四個級(ji)別。

經現場評估(gu)分值達到(dao)0分以上的――A級:共(gong)性部分“八個方面”和行業特殊要求(qiu)落實(shi)到(dao)位。

經現場評估分值在(zai)700分以上0分以下的――B級:共性部(bu)分“八(ba)個方面”和行業特殊要求落實到位。

經現(xian)場評估(gu)分值(zhi)在(zai)600分以上700分以下,――C級:共性(xing)部分“八(ba)個方面(mian)”和(he)行業特(te)殊要求(qiu)落實(shi)不到位。但不存在(zai)重大安全隱患的(de)

――D級:對共性部分“八個方面”和行業特(te)殊(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)現場(chang)評估分值在600分以下(xia)的(de)存(cun)在重大安全隱患或者(zhe)出(chu)現否決項的(de)

否(fou)則下降一個(ge)等次定級(ji)。ABC級(ji)企(qi)業安全生產主體責任“八個(ge)方面”和行業特殊要求每(mei)個(ge)大項得(de)分必(bi)須達到60%以(yi)上。

四、實施步驟

2012年(nian)12月全部通過評(ping)(ping)估驗(yan)收(shou)。從2013年(nian)起,縣第一(yi)輪(lun)落(luo)實企業安(an)全生產主體責(ze)任行動從年(nian)9月開始。組(zu)織對企業進行新一(yi)輪(lun)級別評(ping)(ping)定和考(kao)評(ping)(ping)驗(yan)收(shou)。此(ci)次行動分三個階段進行。

(一)宣傳發動和級別評定階段(年9月-2011年3月)

舉辦各(ge)類(lei)培(pei)訓班,各(ge)鄉鎮人民政府和(he)(he)有關(guan)部(bu)門要認真(zhen)組(zu)織開展(zhan)落實企業(ye)安(an)全生產主(zhu)體責(ze)任行動(dong)的宣傳發動(dong)。解讀《評(ping)估細(xi)則(ze)》使級(ji)別評(ping)定人員熟練掌握(wo)評(ping)估標準和(he)(he)程序,使各(ge)級(ji)干部(bu)職工做(zuo)到應知(zhi)、應會和(he)(he)主(zhu)動(dong)參(can)與,為(wei)級(ji)別評(ping)估和(he)(he)分類(lei)整改工作奠定基(ji)礎。

企(qi)業(ye)的(de)安全級別(bie)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估由各鄉鎮人民政府、縣(xian)級有關行業(ye)主管部門(men)按(an)全市統一的(de)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估細則》進(jin)行。采取“企(qi)業(ye)自評(ping)(ping)(ping)申報(bao),按(an)照(zhao)“分級負責、屬(shu)地管理”原則。鄉鎮初審分類,行業(ye)主管部門(men)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估確(que)認”程序進(jin)行,并以公告、文件、授牌等(deng)形式公布。

 報(bao)鄉鎮安監(jian)辦初審(shen)。1.自查自評:企業對(dui)照《評估細則》和日常安全(quan)管理狀況(kuang)進行自查自評后(hou)。

并分行(xing)業上報(bao)縣(xian)級行(xing)業主管(guan)部門。行(xing)業界限不清或(huo)無行(xing)業主管(guan)部門的報(bao)縣(xian)人民政(zheng)府指定的有關部門。2.初審分類:鄉鎮安監辦根(gen)據企(qi)業自(zi)查自(zi)評(ping)情(qing)況進行(xing)現(xian)場(chang)比對、初審。

同時抄(chao)報縣(xian)政府(fu)安委會辦公室備案。3.評(ping)估(gu)確認(ren):縣(xian)級行(xing)(xing)業主管部門(men)根據鄉(xiang)鎮上報的企業級別(bie)初(chu)審情況進行(xing)(xing)現場評(ping)估(gu)確認(ren)。確認(ren)為(wei)AD級的由行(xing)(xing)業主管部門(men)報送市(shi)級行(xing)(xing)業主管部門(men)。

始終以最低一級(ji)(ji)(ji)生產經(jing)營單位的平均得分(fen)為定(ding)(ding)級(ji)(ji)(ji)依據,中、市在酉企(qi)業(ye)(集團)安全級(ji)(ji)(ji)別評(ping)估。按照管(guan)轄范圍逐級(ji)(ji)(ji)確定(ding)(ding)。企(qi)業(ye)自查自評(ping)后,經(jing)上一級(ji)(ji)(ji)企(qi)業(ye)簽署(shu)意(yi)見后送縣(xian)級(ji)(ji)(ji)行業(ye)主(zhu)管(guan)部門初審分(fen)類,再報市級(ji)(ji)(ji)行業(ye)主(zhu)管(guan)部門進(jin)行現場比對、評(ping)估確認。

(二)分類整(zheng)改(gai)階(jie)段(duan)(2011年4月(yue)―2012年6月(yue))

對應采取分類整(zheng)改措施:A級抓(zhua)(zhua)鞏固,結合(he)企業安全狀況分級檔次。B級抓(zhua)(zhua)提升,C級限期整(zheng)改,D級掛牌督辦。

各行業(ye)主管部(bu)門應負責進行分類指導(dao)。對A級和B級企業(ye),1.企業(ye)級別評定后。要抓好鞏固和提(ti)升;對C級企業(ye),要督(du)促其對存在主要問(wen)題制訂整(zheng)改(gai)(gai)方(fang)案(an),落實整(zheng)改(gai)(gai)資(zi)金(jin),明確整(zheng)改(gai)(gai)期限(xian)。對存在問(wen)題多(duo)、整(zheng)改(gai)(gai)難度(du)大的應組織有關(guan)專業(ye)技術人員進行會診(zhen),提(ti)出具體措施和辦法,確保(bao)整(zheng)改(gai)(gai)工作有效(xiao)落實。整(zheng)改(gai)(gai)落實情況應報各行業(ye)主管部(bu)門審核。

由(you)縣(xian)人民政府掛牌督(du)辦(ban),2.對(dui)D級企(qi)業(ye)。責令其全部或局部停產(chan)整頓,限期完成整改。整改結束后(hou),由(you)企(qi)業(ye)提出申請(qing),相關行業(ye)主管部門組織專業(ye)技(ji)術人員(yuan)進行評(ping)估(gu),評(ping)估(gu)合格后(hou)方可恢復生產(chan)。對(dui)重大隱患逾期不能(neng)完成整改或整改無望的由(you)縣(xian)人民政府依法予以(yi)取締(di)。

視企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產現(xian)狀和安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)標(biao)準化限期(qi)達標(biao)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang),3.企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)級(ji)(ji)別(bie)實行動(dong)態管(guan)理(li)。各行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主管(guan)部門應結(jie)合(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)檢(jian)查或(huo)對企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主要負責人安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)考核(he)。決定(ding)是(shi)否調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)其安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)級(ji)(ji)別(bie),如須調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng),則按規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)程(cheng)序調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)和確認。一是(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)評申(shen)報(bao)升降(jiang)級(ji)(ji)的(de)由(you)各行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主管(guan)部門核(he)定(ding)升降(jiang)級(ji)(ji)。二是(shi)各鄉鎮(zhen)人民政府及(ji)其相關部門要采取分時段、集(ji)中(zhong)組(zu)織專(zhuan)家(jia)或(huo)中(zhong)介機構方(fang)式(shi),對ABC級(ji)(ji)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)日常檢(jian)查督查中(zhong)發現(xian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)投入不(bu)到(dao)位,隱患(huan)治理(li)和重大危險(xian)源監(jian)控不(bu)到(dao)位以(yi)及(ji)有嚴(yan)重安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)違法違規(gui)(gui)行為的(de)立(li)即予(yu)以(yi)降(jiang)級(ji)(ji)處理(li),情(qing)(qing)節特別(bie)嚴(yan)重的(de)直接(jie)降(jiang)為D級(ji)(ji)。規(gui)(gui)模以(yi)下企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)當(dang)年(nian)發生死亡事(shi)故(gu)的(de)規(gui)(gui)模以(yi)上(shang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)當(dang)年(nian)發生較大及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)事(shi)故(gu)的(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有重大隱患(huan)被列為市、縣(xian)人民政府掛(gua)牌并(bing)且未(wei)按期(qi)完成整(zheng)(zheng)改的(de)一律確定(ding)為D級(ji)(ji),并(bing)落實專(zhuan)人實施重點監(jian)管(guan)。三是(shi)動(dong)態監(jian)管(guan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),凡是(shi)被降(jiang)級(ji)(ji)的(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),通過(guo)(guo)整(zheng)(zheng)改后申(shen)請升級(ji)(ji)的(de)必須先通過(guo)(guo)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術人員的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)條件論證(zheng)和安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)評價,再(zai)按照評估(gu)程(cheng)序和標(biao)準重新評估(gu)后升級(ji)(ji)。四是(shi)實行A級(ji)(ji)監(jian)管(guan)連續滿3年(nian)且自(zi)律管(guan)理(li)意識較強的(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)免予(yu)定(ding)期(qi)檢(jian)查,安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)換證(zheng)時可(ke)不(bu)再(zai)進行安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)現(xian)狀評價,給予(yu)項目核(he)準、保(bao)險(xian)費(fei)率、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信貸、證(zheng)券融(rong)資(zi)、評先評優的(de)支(zhi)持鼓勵,并(bing)由(you)縣(xian)政府安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)委會(hui)辦(ban)公室(shi)授予(yu)“安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產誠信企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”稱(cheng)號。

(三(san))考核驗收階段(2012年(nian)7―12月)

縣政(zheng)府安委(wei)會將組織有(you)關部門對本輪(lun)行動開(kai)展情況進行考核驗收,從2012年7月份(fen)開(kai)始(shi)。并實(shi)現以下目標(biao):

B級(ji)企業(ye)占企業(ye)總數的50%以上(shang),1.全(quan)縣(xian)企業(ye)安(an)全(quan)級(ji)別(bie)總體上(shang)達到A級(ji)企業(ye)占企業(ye)總數的30%以上(shang)。不存在(zai)D級(ji)企業(ye)。

2.高危行業(ye)、重點行業(ye)領(ling)域C級(ji)企業(ye)不超(chao)過20%

安(an)全基礎(chu)條件明顯(xian)(xian)改善(shan),3.各行業建立起(qi)比較完善(shan)的安(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系和責(ze)任體(ti)(ti)系。安(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)狀況(kuang)明顯(xian)(xian)好轉。

五、職責分工

明(ming)確(que)職責(ze)(ze)分工,縣(xian)政(zheng)府安(an)委(wei)會辦公室(shi)牽頭負(fu)責(ze)(ze)統籌協調(diao)、指導督促(cu)全(quan)縣(xian)開展落(luo)實企業(ye)安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產主(zhu)體責(ze)(ze)任行(xing)動。各鄉鎮、各部門(men)按照“屬(shu)地管(guan)(guan)理”和“誰(shui)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)誰(shui)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)、誰(shui)審批誰(shui)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)”原則(ze)。落(luo)實監管(guan)(guan)責(ze)(ze)任,抓好工作推進。各有(you)關行(xing)業(ye)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門(men)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)指導督促(cu)鄉鎮和企業(ye)開展級別評估,促(cu)進企業(ye)依法落(luo)實安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產主(zhu)體責(ze)(ze)任。

縣政府安委會有關成員(yuan)單位具體(ti)分工(gong)如下:

縣安監局負(fu)責(ze)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)、指導、督(du)促非煤礦山、危險化學(xue)品、煙花爆竹生產經營企業(ye)的級(ji)別評估及隱患排查(cha)(cha)整改工作(zuo)。

縣交委負(fu)責檢查、指導(dao)、督(du)促道路運輸(shu)企業、客貨運站場、高速公路運營(ying)企業、水上運輸(shu)企業、港口(kou)企業等的級別(bie)評估及(ji)隱患排(pai)查整改工作。

縣城鄉(xiang)建委負責檢查(cha)、指導、督促建筑(zhu)施工(gong)企業的級別評估及隱患(huan)排查(cha)整(zheng)改工(gong)作(zuo)。

縣質監局(ju)負責(ze)檢(jian)查、指導、督(du)促特種(zhong)設(she)備生產、使用(yong)企(qi)業的級別評估及隱(yin)患排查整改(gai)工作。

縣經信委負責(ze)檢查(cha)、指導、督促民(min)用爆炸物品(pin)生產、銷(xiao)售企業的級別評估及隱(yin)患排查(cha)整改(gai)工作。

縣(xian)商務局負責(ze)檢查(cha)、指導、督促液化(hua)石油氣經營企業的級別評估及隱患排查(cha)整(zheng)改工作(zuo)。

縣工業園區管委會負責檢查、指導、督促(cu)冶金生產(chan)經營(ying)企(qi)業的級別評估及隱(yin)患(huan)排查整(zheng)改(gai)工作。

 縣公安(an)消(xiao)防大隊負責檢查(cha)、指導、督促企業消(xiao)防安(an)全(quan)方面的級別(bie)評估及隱患排查(cha)整改工作。

縣公安局(ju)交巡警(jing)大隊協助交通部門檢(jian)查、指導、督促道路交通企業(ye)的級(ji)別評(ping)估及隱患排(pai)查整改工作。

縣氣象(xiang)局負責協助有關部門檢查、督促暴雨、大風(feng)、雷(lei)電等氣象(xiang)敏(min)感企(qi)業安全(quan)氣象(xiang)方面的級(ji)別評(ping)估(gu)及(ji)隱患排查整改工作。

 分別負責(ze)指導督促城市公共設施、旅游、電力、鐵(tie)路、民航、水(shui)利(li)、漁業等行業領域(yu)的企業安(an)全生產主體責(ze)任落實工作。其他縣政(zheng)府安(an)委會成員單位要按照職責(ze)分工做好相關工作。

健全(quan)工(gong)(gong)作機(ji)制,縣政府安委辦要(yao)切實加強組(zu)織領導(dao)(dao)。明確(que)職(zhi)責(ze)分工(gong)(gong),檢查(cha)、指導(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)督(du)促各行(xing)業(ye)主(zhu)管部門認真履行(xing)職(zhi)責(ze),廣泛宣傳(chuan)發動(dong),組(zu)織教育培訓,熟悉評估標準和(he)(he)內容(rong)。各行(xing)業(ye)主(zhu)管部門要(yao)檢查(cha)、指導(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)督(du)促企(qi)業(ye)抓(zhua)好(hao)安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)主(zhu)體責(ze)任落(luo)實,并對鄉鎮級(ji)別初審分類工(gong)(gong)作進行(xing)現場(chang)復核;指導(dao)(dao)企(qi)業(ye)制定安全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)整改(gai)方案,為企(qi)業(ye)提(ti)供業(ye)務和(he)(he)技術服務;檢查(cha)、指導(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)督(du)促企(qi)業(ye)抓(zhua)好(hao)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)排查(cha)整改(gai)和(he)(he)安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)級(ji)別提(ti)升工(gong)(gong)作。

分類登記造(zao)冊;檢(jian)查(cha)、指導(dao)和(he)(he)督促(cu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)推進(jin)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)標準化和(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)查(cha)自(zi)(zi)評(ping)(ping);對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)級別自(zi)(zi)評(ping)(ping)情況進(jin)行(xing)(xing)現場比對(dui)、初審,各鄉鎮人民政府要(yao)對(dui)本(ben)行(xing)(xing)政區域內企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)(quan)面調(diao)查(cha)摸底。并分類報送行(xing)(xing)業(ye)主(zhu)管部門;跟蹤(zong)檢(jian)查(cha)和(he)(he)督促(cu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)認真(zhen)開展安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)排查(cha)整(zheng)(zheng)改(gai)工作。各企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)切(qie)實(shi)履行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產主(zhu)體責任(ren)(ren),嚴格按照(zhao)《評(ping)(ping)估(gu)細則》逐項(xiang)逐條(tiao)對(dui)照(zhao),開展自(zi)(zi)查(cha)自(zi)(zi)評(ping)(ping),對(dui)各類安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患(huan),制定整(zheng)(zheng)改(gai)方案(an),落實(shi)整(zheng)(zheng)改(gai)資(zi)金,明確整(zheng)(zheng)改(gai)責任(ren)(ren)人和(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)改(gai)期限,切(qie)實(shi)把整(zheng)(zheng)改(gai)工作落到(dao)實(shi)處。各企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(集團)要(yao)加強對(dui)所屬企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理和(he)(he)監督檢(jian)查(cha),實(shi)施對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)日(ri)常分級監管。

六、管理措施

實(shi)施(shi)分級管(guan)理和激勵獎懲。嚴格按照安全生產“屬(shu)地管(guan)理”和“誰(shui)主管(guan)誰(shui)負責(ze)、誰(shui)審批誰(shui)負責(ze)”原(yuan)則。

(一)全面掌握企業(ye)(ye)主體責任(ren)情況和管(guan)理信息(xi),健全檔案(an)。各(ge)行業(ye)(ye)主管(guan)部(bu)門要建立健全本(ben)行業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)基本(ben)情況檔案(an)數據。包括(kuo):

1.各行業(ye)企業(ye)及(ji)安全生產基本情況;

2.各(ge)企業關閉、變更(geng)、遷出或注(zhu)銷(xiao)等情況;

3.各類企業(ye)安(an)全狀態、分級以及升降級情況;

4.分級監督檢查中(zhong)發現(xian)的(de)隱患和(he)問題及其整改情況(kuang);

5.各(ge)企(qi)業發生的生產安全事(shi)故(gu)(gu)或未(wei)遂事(shi)故(gu)(gu)情況;

6.企業受行政處(chu)罰以及其(qi)他獎懲情況;

7.對新設立的各類(lei)企(qi)業(ye)應當(dang)在3個月(yue)內建(jian)立安(an)全(quan)狀(zhuang)況信(xin)息檔案。

(二)對企業(ye)安(an)(an)全生產實(shi)施分級(ji)(ji)監(jian)管。對監(jian)督檢查中的(de)(de)重大(da)隱患或者(zhe)突出問(wen)題(ti),加(jia)強監(jian)督檢查。各(ge)鄉鎮人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)和(he)各(ge)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)主管部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)按照A級(ji)(ji)抓鞏固、B級(ji)(ji)抓提升(sheng)、C級(ji)(ji)限期整(zheng)(zheng)改、D級(ji)(ji)掛(gua)牌督辦的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。要(yao)(yao)(yao)依法(fa)責令停產停業(ye)整(zheng)(zheng)頓(dun)并實(shi)施行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)處(chu)罰,并按規定(ding)將企業(ye)列(lie)入“黑名(ming)單(dan)”管理,必要(yao)(yao)(yao)時可提請縣人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)予(yu)以關閉。對新建或者(zhe)遷入企業(ye),應(ying)采取定(ding)期與(yu)屬地工(gong)商(shang)管理部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)溝(gou)通方(fang)式,及時進行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)全現(xian)狀(zhuang)評估分級(ji)(ji)。各(ge)鄉鎮人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)和(he)各(ge)有關部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)商(shang)請投資、國土資源、工(gong)商(shang)、銀行(xing)(xing)、證券(quan)、保(bao)險、稅務等部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)加(jia)強和(he)完善對“黑名(ming)單(dan)”企業(ye)的(de)(de)聯合執法(fa)、懲(cheng)戒和(he)抄(chao)告制度,嚴格限制新增(zeng)的(de)(de)項目(mu)核準、用地審(shen)批、證券(quan)融資等,并作為(wei)銀行(xing)(xing)貸款(kuan)等的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)依據。要(yao)(yao)(yao)將級(ji)(ji)別(bie)評估、分級(ji)(ji)監(jian)管和(he)級(ji)(ji)別(bie)調整(zheng)(zheng)情況向(xiang)社會(hui)公(gong)示。

應定期開展對(dui)(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)檢查(cha),各(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮人(ren)民政府和(he)各(ge)有(you)關部(bu)門在實施(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)分(fen)級監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)過程中(zhong)。每季度(du)(du)將監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)情況(kuang)通報給安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)綜合監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)部(bu)門:行業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門對(dui)(dui)(dui)A級企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)定期檢查(cha)原(yuan)則上(shang)每年不少于(yu)一次(ci),對(dui)(dui)(dui)B級企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)定期檢查(cha)原(yuan)則上(shang)每半年不少于(yu)一次(ci);鄉(xiang)鎮安(an)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辦對(dui)(dui)(dui)C級企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)定期檢查(cha)原(yuan)則上(shang)每月不少于(yu)一次(ci),對(dui)(dui)(dui)D級企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)必須落實專人(ren)實施(shi)(shi)有(you)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)的(de)(de)重點(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)。安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)部(bu)門和(he)行業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門要制(zhi)訂年度(du)(du)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)執法計(ji)劃,加強對(dui)(dui)(dui)CD級企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)重點(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)和(he)督(du)促整改落實。

(三)安(an)(an)全生產(chan)條(tiao)件差,建立約束機制(zhi)。CD級企業安(an)(an)全生產(chan)基礎薄弱。要(yao)落實(shi)專人督促整改,并(bing)引導有條(tiao)件的單位聘請專業技術人員提供安(an)(an)全技術和管理咨詢服務。

――確定(ding)為(wei)C級的取(qu)消其評優評先資格并督促整改(gai)。

報縣(xian)政府安(an)委會辦公室。1.行(xing)業主管部(bu)門函告(gao)有關(guan)部(bu)門及企業開戶銀(yin)行(xing)。

2.有關(guan)部門暫(zan)緩(huan)或(huo)者停止其不屬于提升安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術水平(ping)的新建、改建、擴建和技(ji)改項(xiang)目審批(pi)(核(he)準或(huo)備案)及財政專(zhuan)項(xiang)資金的審批(pi);暫(zan)停其企(qi)業和個人各級評優評先(xian)資格;取(qu)消其“安(an)康杯”平(ping)安(an)企(qi)業”等評選資格。

――確定(ding)為D級的由縣人(ren)民政府(fu)掛牌督辦。

報縣政府安委(wei)會辦公(gong)室,1.行(xing)業(ye)主管部門函告(gao)有關(guan)部門及企業(ye)開(kai)戶銀行(xing)。并(bing)在(zai)縣內(nei)主要新(xin)聞(wen)媒(mei)體公(gong)布(bu)。

2.相關部(bu)門在行政許可、項目審批、銀行信貸、保險費(fei)率、評(ping)優(you)評(ping)先等(deng)方面予以約(yue)束(shu)。

整(zheng)改(gai)期滿仍未達到要求的(de)由縣(xian)人(ren)民政府依法予以(yi)取(qu)(qu)締;取(qu)(qu)消(xiao)其(qi)安全技術(shu)改(gai)造(zao)以(yi)外的(de)所(suo)有項目審批(核準或備案)和(he)評優評先資格。3.責(ze)令其(qi)全部(bu)或局部(bu)停產停業整(zheng)改(gai)。

取消其安全生(sheng)產(chan)工作(zuo)方(fang)面的評優(you)評先資格。對(dui)未開展落實企業安全生(sheng)產(chan)主體責(ze)任(ren)活動的單(dan)位。

七、工作要求

(一)加強(qiang)組織領(ling)(ling)導(dao),強(qiang)化組織領(ling)(ling)導(dao)。各(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)和(he)各(ge)有關(guan)(guan)部門(men)要切實(shi)把開(kai)展落(luo)實(shi)企業安全生產主體責任(ren)行(xing)(xing)動擺上重要議事日(ri)程。主要領(ling)(ling)導(dao)親自抓,分管(guan)(guan)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)具(ju)體抓。縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)成(cheng)立(li)分管(guan)(guan)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)任(ren)組長,縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)有關(guan)(guan)部門(men)負(fu)責人(ren)為成(cheng)員的(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小組,并在縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)安委會辦公室(shi)設立(li)推進(jin)辦公室(shi),負(fu)責日(ri)常工作協調和(he)督(du)促檢查。各(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)要結合鄉鎮(zhen)實(shi)際,研究(jiu)、制(zhi)訂、細(xi)化實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案,加強(qiang)組織領(ling)(ling)導(dao),設立(li)推進(jin)辦公室(shi),負(fu)責日(ri)常工作;縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)有關(guan)(guan)行(xing)(xing)業主管(guan)(guan)部門(men)要根據(ju)市(shi)級相關(guan)(guan)行(xing)(xing)業主管(guan)(guan)部門(men)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)具(ju)體的(de)標準,確定(ding)(ding)承辦科(ke)室(shi),明確專(zhuan)人(ren)負(fu)責,推進(jin)行(xing)(xing)動有序開(kai)展。

(二)健(jian)全安全監管(guan)網絡,健(jian)全工(gong)作(zuo)機制。各(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮人(ren)民政府(fu)和(he)各(ge)有關(guan)部門(men)應當建立落實企業(ye)主體(ti)責(ze)(ze)任工(gong)作(zuo)機構。明確專人(ren)負責(ze)(ze)行(xing)動推進工(gong)作(zuo)。各(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮要充(chong)分發揮村級安全信息員(yuan)作(zuo)用(yong),協助收集信息并及時上報。安全監管(guan)部門(men)要加強安全監管(guan)人(ren)員(yuan)業(ye)務(wu)培訓。有條(tiao)件的鄉(xiang)鎮可聘請專業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)負責(ze)(ze)指導企業(ye)的日常安全管(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)。縣政府(fu)安委會(hui)要做好組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)領(ling)導和(he)統籌協調工(gong)作(zuo),定期組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)召開聯席(xi)會(hui)議,研究(jiu)、分析(xi)、部署行(xing)動開展(zhan)。

篇6

[關鍵詞]地理(li)區(qu)域(yu) 地質災(zai)害 危險性評估 防(fang)治(zhi)

[中圖分類號] F407.1 [文獻碼] B [文章編(bian)號] 1000-405X(2014)-2-244-1

所(suo)謂地質災害(hai),指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是受到自然(ran)因(yin)素、人(ren)為因(yin)素等(deng)(deng)所(suo)引發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一系列(lie)災害(hai),給人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命安全、財產(chan)安全等(deng)(deng)帶來嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。例如山體(ti)滑坡、泥(ni)石流、地面(mian)裂縫、塌陷、崩塌以及地面(mian)沉降等(deng)(deng)地質災害(hai)。因(yin)此, 對于這些自然(ran)災害(hai)進行評(ping)估,運用正確、科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)估原則、評(ping)估方法和量化(hua)指標,并采取一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施達到防治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

1地(di)理區域性地(di)質(zhi)災害危險(xian)性評估的原則、方(fang)法(fa)和量化指(zhi)標

1.1評估原則

在(zai)對地理(li)區域性地質災害(hai)的危(wei)險性進行評估時,首(shou)先要(yao)對其評估原則進行考(kao)慮,主要(yao)遵循以下三(san)個(ge)原則:

1.1.1地質災害(hai)危(wei)險性程度的劃分(fen)

在對其危(wei)險性(xing)程度(du)進行(xing)劃分(fen)時,將我國(guo)國(guo)土資源相關部門頒(ban)發的(de)地質(zhi)災害文件(jian)作(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)要的(de)劃分(fen)依(yi)據,對其危(wei)害性(xing)級(ji)別分(fen)為(wei)大、中(zhong)、小三個級(ji)別。

1.1.2堅持“就急、就重”的原則(ze)

在(zai)對某個地(di)質區域(yu)的(de)災害危險性(xing)進行(xing)評估時,要(yao)將危險性(xing)進行(xing)明確的(de)登(deng)記和分(fen)區,注重就(jiu)急不就(jiu)緩、就(jiu)種(zhong)不就(jiu)輕。

1.1.3堅持“區域(yu)相(xiang)異、相(xiang)似”的原則

在對(dui)地理區域(yu)性的(de)(de)(de)相關的(de)(de)(de)擬建工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害級別、程(cheng)度進(jin)行(xing)考(kao)慮時,首先要對(dui)該地域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)地質環境條件、發展等方面進(jin)行(xing)了解,對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)劃(hua)分的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中,主(zhu)要以地質災害危(wei)險性程(cheng)度為(wei)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)參(can)考(kao)依據(ju)。

1.2評估方法

首先將(jiang)地(di)理(li)區(qu)域性地(di)質災(zai)害危險性評估原則(ze)作(zuo)為重要(yao)基(ji)礎,然后通(tong)過對地(di)理(li)區(qu)域的(de)(de)地(di)質災(zai)害的(de)(de)分布情況、存(cun)在形式以及嚴(yan)重程度進(jin)行(xing)了解,最后提出有效的(de)(de)防(fang)治措施(shi)進(jin)行(xing)解決。

1.3評估量化指標

在對地質災(zai)害(hai)(hai)的(de)量化指標進(jin)行評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)時,主要(yao)對災(zai)害(hai)(hai)分(fen)布的(de)長度、土方體(ti)積、災(zai)害(hai)(hai)影響范圍、災(zai)害(hai)(hai)帶來的(de)經濟(ji)損(sun)失、災(zai)害(hai)(hai)種類以及災(zai)害(hai)(hai)程度等方面(mian)進(jin)行考慮,然(ran)后對地質災(zai)害(hai)(hai)進(jin)行預(yu)測評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)、現狀(zhuang)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)和綜合評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)。

2對地質(zhi)災害危險性的評(ping)估(gu)

2.1現狀評估

對于地(di)質災害危險性進(jin)行現狀評(ping)估(gu),不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)具備大量、全面、系統(tong)的(de)地(di)質專業知識,而且還要(yao)采(cai)取專業性強的(de)評(ping)估(gu)方法(fa),對其進(jin)行現狀評(ping)估(gu),主(zhu)要(yao)對以下兩個方面:

(1)對地(di)(di)質災害(hai)區域的水文(wen)、地(di)(di)質、地(di)(di)形、氣象、巖(yan)體工程以(yi)及地(di)(di)震構(gou)造等方面進行分(fen)析(xi)和了解。

(2)對地質(zhi)災害區域(yu)周(zhou)圍(wei)正在建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)和以(yi)往的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)工程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)進(jin)行認真的(de)(de)(de)分析和評估,只有在對所有的(de)(de)(de)區域(yu)信(xin)息進(jin)行全面、認真的(de)(de)(de)評估之(zhi)后,才(cai)能更好的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行現狀評估。

2.2預測評估

對(dui)地(di)理區域性地(di)質災害(hai)的(de)(de)危險(xian)性進(jin)行(xing)預測(ce)評估,其(qi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)評估范圍是對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設項(xiang)目的(de)(de)施工(gong)現場以(yi)及(ji)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)項(xiang)目建設中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)安全(quan)問題(ti)。對(dui)實際(ji)的(de)(de)施工(gong)情況進(jin)行(xing)分析后,具有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)論證后,對(dui)滑坡、泥(ni)石流以(yi)及(ji)崩塌災害(hai)周圍半徑不超過50米的(de)(de)區域設置施工(gong)項(xiang)目。立足(zu)于(yu)建設工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)角度(du),需要(yao)對(dui)項(xiang)目工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)可(ke)能存在的(de)(de)災害(hai)和(he)危險(xian)進(jin)行(xing)良(liang)好的(de)(de)控制和(he)把握(wo),進(jin)而對(dui)其(qi)災害(hai)性進(jin)行(xing)評估。

2.3綜合評估

綜(zong)合(he)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu),指的(de)是在實現(xian)預測評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)與現(xian)狀評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)的(de)互相(xiang)(xiang)結合(he)的(de)前提(ti)條件(jian)下,對(dui)地質災(zai)害(hai)區域(yu)(yu)可能存在的(de)安全隱(yin)患以(yi)及區域(yu)(yu)環境(jing)分布情況的(de)差(cha)異(yi)性(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)的(de)一種(zhong)方式。另外,在對(dui)區域(yu)(yu)內適(shi)應性(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)之外,還要(yao)對(dui)區域(yu)(yu)級別進(jin)(jin)行(xing)劃分,主(zhu)要(yao)將(jiang)級別分為適(shi)宜、適(shi)應性(xing)差(cha)、相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)適(shi)宜三(san)個級別;對(dui)其災(zai)害(hai)危(wei)險程(cheng)度進(jin)(jin)行(xing)劃分,主(zhu)要(yao)分為大、中(zhong)、小三(san)種(zhong)程(cheng)度。

3地理(li)區域性地質災害的防(fang)治(zhi)措施

3.1制(zhi)定科學合(he)理的地(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)防治方(fang)案(an)

通(tong)過對(dui)地(di)質(zhi)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)危險性(xing)(xing)(xing)評估結果進行(xing)分(fen)析后,針(zhen)對(dui)其結果制定出一(yi)套(tao)具有(you)(you)科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)、合理性(xing)(xing)(xing)、有(you)(you)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)質(zhi)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治方(fang)案。所(suo)制定的(de)(de)(de)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)方(fang)案除了明(ming)確地(di)質(zhi)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)之外,還要(yao)對(dui)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)種類、災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)級別以(yi)及(ji)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)情(qing)況等進行(xing)全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)了解,然后選擇具有(you)(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、目的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、嚴密性(xing)(xing)(xing)、可操作性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)治建議(yi)和措施。

3.2滑坡地質災害的防治措施(shi)

針對出現的(de)滑坡(po)(po)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)進(jin)行(xing)防治(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),首(shou)先(xian)要采(cai)取(qu)避(bi)讓措(cuo)施,盡量繞開(kai)出現滑坡(po)(po)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)周圍的(de)區域。如果(guo)不能(neng)完全避(bi)開(kai)滑坡(po)(po)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)區域,那么就(jiu)要對滑坡(po)(po)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)的(de)覆蓋(gai)范圍、規模以及(ji)種類進(jin)行(xing)考(kao)慮,然后確定具體的(de)防治(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施。例(li)如通過(guo)采(cai)取(qu)設置擋土墻設施、建造(zao)排(pai)水(shui)系統(tong)以及(ji)更改滑坡(po)(po)體等防治(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施。此外,尤其要注(zhu)意,在進(jin)行(xing)深挖方(fang)工(gong)作時(shi),最大程度的(de)防止在滑坡(po)(po)體前(qian)緣位置進(jin)行(xing)該(gai)項(xiang)工(gong)作。

3.3崩塌(ta)地質(zhi)災害的防治措(cuo)施

首先要對(dui)(dui)出現崩(beng)塌地(di)質災害(hai)的(de)位置區域進行(xing)(xing)及時(shi)、快速(su)的(de)處(chu)理(li),有效的(de)避免(mian)給以后(hou)工(gong)程(cheng)建設的(de)開展埋下安全事故隱患;其次,對(dui)(dui)于(yu)穩定性不強(qiang)的(de)后(hou)壁陡邊(bian)坡進行(xing)(xing)治理(li),有效的(de)防(fang)止崩(beng)塌災害(hai)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)重大(da)威脅;最后(hou),嚴格的(de)根(gen)據實際(ji)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)建設情況,按照建設工(gong)程(cheng)治理(li)標準規(gui)范對(dui)(dui)其進行(xing)(xing)治理(li)和(he)防(fang)范。例如對(dui)(dui)于(yu)那些建設工(gong)程(cheng)中切坡高度大(da)、開挖量(liang)大(da)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)項目來說,要著重對(dui)(dui)其中可能存在的(de)危險進行(xing)(xing)關注。

3.4斜坡不穩定地(di)質(zhi)災害(hai)的防治措施(shi)

在部分區(qu)域中,其溝(gou)谷比(bi)較深,進而會很大程度的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現高(gao)(gao)陡(dou)邊(bian)坡。所以(yi),在對該類工程項(xiang)目進行建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中,可以(yi)運用(yong)將路(lu)基(ji)段轉變(bian)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)架(jia)橋以(yi)及(ji)側(ce)移等(deng)方式(shi)(shi),來有效的(de)(de)(de)避(bi)開出(chu)現高(gao)(gao)陡(dou)邊(bian)坡的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)。另外,如果工程建(jian)設過(guo)程中遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)陡(dou)邊(bian)坡,不(bu)能采取有效的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)進行避(bi)讓,那么可以(yi)采用(yong)控(kong)制開挖深度、加(jia)固以(yi)及(ji)設置安(an)全坡比(bi)和坡型的(de)(de)(de)方法,來有效的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證高(gao)(gao)陡(dou)邊(bian)坡的(de)(de)(de)穩定性。

4結語

總之,伴(ban)隨著我(wo)國城市建設規(gui)模的(de)(de)逐漸擴(kuo)大,建筑(zhu)工(gong)程建設數量在不斷(duan)的(de)(de)增加。如果人(ren)(ren)們沒有引起對地(di)域性災害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)和地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)環境條件勘(kan)測的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視,那(nei)么很可能導致(zhi)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程在建設過程中(zhong)留下安全事故隱患,進而給人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)生命(ming)、財產安全以及社會(hui)的(de)(de)穩定帶來(lai)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)影響。因此,需(xu)要(yao)加強對地(di)理區域性地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)危(wei)險性評估工(gong)作的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視,并采取積極有效的(de)(de)防(fang)治(zhi)措(cuo)施來(lai)對地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)進行預防(fang)和控制。

參考文獻

[1]張馳(chi),辛曉(xiao)玲.淺談我國地質災害(hai)危險性評(ping)估工作中存在的問(wen)題(ti)[J].中國科技信息,2010,01(11):82-83.

篇7

關鍵詞:選(xuan)型;工作(zuo)環境(jing);工作(zuo)級別;故障

引言

橋門(men)式(shi)起重機(ji)由(you)于(yu)結構(gou)簡單可(ke)(ke)靠,安裝方便、適用(yong)(yong)性(xing)強,在(zai)各種企業(ye)大量(liang)使用(yong)(yong)。雖然橋門(men)式(shi)起重機(ji)發展到現(xian)在(zai),包括設(she)計、制(zhi)造、安裝等各環(huan)節技術已經(jing)很成熟,但仍會有(you)用(yong)(yong)戶反映一些問題(ti),如(ru)使用(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)起重機(ji)滿足(zu)不了(le)作業(ye)要求,某(mou)些位置的起重機(ji)故(gu)障特別集中(zhong),甚至也不乏由(you)于(yu)選型不當發生安全(quan)事故(gu)。除了(le)起重機(ji)制(zhi)造質量(liang)、安裝質量(liang)等因(yin)素(su),很多(duo)情況下,起重機(ji)的選用(yong)(yong)不當是造成設(she)備可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)和安全(quan)性(xing)降(jiang)低的根本原因(yin)。因(yin)此正確(que)合理地選擇(ze)橋門(men)式(shi)起重機(ji)顯(xian)得尤為重要。

在(zai)選擇(ze)(ze)橋(qiao)門式起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)時,應主要(yao)考慮以下(xia)幾(ji)點:使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)環境(jing)、吊運(yun)物(wu)品狀況(kuang)、工作級別(bie)、空間要(yao)求(qiu)及其他特殊使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)要(yao)求(qiu)。用(yong)戶(hu)根(gen)據(ju)自身(shen)實(shi)際情況(kuang)確定以上(shang)因素后選擇(ze)(ze)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie),就(jiu)能(neng)避免因起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)選用(yong)不當帶來的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)不便和(he)安全隱(yin)患。根(gen)據(ju)TSG Q5001-2009《起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)管(guan)理規則》第五條使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)單位(wei)(wei)應當根(gen)據(ju)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)的(de)用(yong)途、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)頻(pin)率(lv)、載(zai)荷狀態和(he)工作環境(jing),選擇(ze)(ze)適(shi)應使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)條件要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)相(xiang)應品種(型(xing)式)的(de)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。如果選型(xing)錯(cuo)誤(wu),由使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)單位(wei)(wei)負(fu)責。文(wen)章結合起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關標準要(yao)求(qiu)和(he)企(qi)業實(shi)際情況(kuang),從(cong)上(shang)述的(de)幾(ji)個方面具體(ti)分析怎樣去科學合理地(di)選用(yong)橋(qiao)門式起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji),為用(yong)戶(hu)選擇(ze)(ze)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)提(ti)供一定參考和(he)借鑒。

1 使用環境分析

在(zai)選(xuan)擇起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時,對于(yu)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的了解十分必要,不(bu)同(tong)的使用(yong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)對起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)整體及(ji)(ji)各機(ji)(ji)(ji)構的要求都各有(you)不(bu)同(tong)。環(huan)(huan)境(jing)因素應重(zhong)點考慮:露天作(zuo)業(ye)、高溫環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、易燃易爆及(ji)(ji)粉塵環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、強(qiang)抗風(feng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)他要求等。

1.1 露天作業

露(lu)(lu)天作業的(de)(de)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)完全暴露(lu)(lu)在自然環境下(xia),要受(shou)到雨(yu)(yu)水烈日風等(deng)天氣情況的(de)(de)影響。因此,選擇露(lu)(lu)天環境下(xia)作業的(de)(de)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)考(kao)慮相關天氣帶來(lai)的(de)(de)侵害。起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)有(you)防(fang)(fang)(fang)雨(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)蝕方面的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji),特別應(ying)當(dang)(dang)關注(zhu)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)、電(dian)氣元件及制動器(qi)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)雨(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)置和防(fang)(fang)(fang)護等(deng)級。實際(ji)檢驗中經常遇到未經特殊設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)露(lu)(lu)天門式起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)通過安(an)裝(zhuang)單位自行加裝(zhuang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)雨(yu)(yu)設(she)施后于露(lu)(lu)天使用(yong)。因而(er)出(chu)現(xian)電(dian)動葫蘆防(fang)(fang)(fang)雨(yu)(yu)罩尺寸不足,出(chu)現(xian)電(dian)動葫蘆一端銹蝕嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)情況。許多露(lu)(lu)天使用(yong)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)雖(sui)然加裝(zhuang)有(you)防(fang)(fang)(fang)雨(yu)(yu)罩但其電(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護等(deng)級不足依然會導致電(dian)動葫蘆電(dian)氣箱進水,以致電(dian)動葫蘆無法工(gong)作的(de)(de)情況時有(you)發生。

1.2 高溫環境

GB/T14405-2011《通(tong)用(yong)橋式(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)》和(he)GB/T14406-2011《通(tong)用(yong)門(men)式(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)》中都(dou)有明確規定。雖(sui)然要求稍有差異,但一(yi)般橋門(men)式(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)使用(yong)溫度(du)為-20℃到+40℃。超(chao)過+40℃高溫作業一(yi)般與(yu)吊運熔融(rong)金屬與(yu)熔融(rong)非金屬物品相(xiang)關,應(ying)選擇符合相(xiang)關標準(zhun)的起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji),對(dui)此TSG Q0002-2008《起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)械(xie)安(an)全技術(shu)監察規程―橋式(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)》有著詳細的規定。而低溫環境(jing)的起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)在金屬材料(liao)、焊接材料(liao)上面要求較高,相(xiang)關電氣部件(jian)的選擇也有一(yi)定的影響(xiang)。

1.3 易(yi)燃易(yi)爆及粉(fen)塵環(huan)境(jing)

如使用(yong)場(chang)所(suo)有易燃(ran)易爆(bao)(bao)物質(zhi)和(he)(he)粉塵(chen)的(de),則應(ying)根據防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)介質(zhi)和(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)域選用(yong)相應(ying)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)等級、防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)型式的(de)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)起(qi)重(zhong)機。作(zuo)業場(chang)所(suo)為粉塵(chen)較多的(de)場(chang)所(suo),在(zai)設計中還應(ying)考(kao)慮積灰載荷及各機構的(de)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)等級。

如2014年8月(yue)昆(kun)山某金屬制品廠拋光車(che)間發生的(de)特大(da)火災(zai)事故其原因就是鋁(lv)(lv)粉(fen)塵遇(yu)火源(yuan)爆(bao)燃(ran)。由于此(ci)類拋光車(che)間都(dou)裝有通風換氣(qi)設備,正常情況(kuang)下不(bu)會(hui)(hui)導致鋁(lv)(lv)粉(fen)塵積聚,因而全國大(da)部分地區(qu)都(dou)未(wei)將(jiang)這類車(che)間認(ren)定為易(yi)燃(ran)易(yi)爆(bao)環境(jing)。而依照防爆(bao)標(biao)準,此(ci)類區(qu)域可(ke)以劃分為出(chu)現異常情況(kuang)下會(hui)(hui)有易(yi)燃(ran)粉(fen)塵積聚,應當屬于粉(fen)塵防爆(bao)中(zhong)的(de)22區(qu)。因此(ci)在“8?2昆(kun)山工廠爆(bao)炸事故”之后,我院(yuan)檢驗人員在實際(ji)檢驗過程中(zhong),遇(yu)到類似(si)環境(jing)均(jun)提醒用戶更換相(xiang)應防爆(bao)等級的(de)起(qi)重(zhong)設備。

1.4 強抗風(feng)環境

對于臨(lin)(lin)港、臨(lin)(lin)海邊和風力較(jiao)大(da)地區的(de)(de)露天(tian)起重機(ji),則應收集(ji)當(dang)地的(de)(de)氣(qi)象(xiang)資料(liao),確定最大(da)風力等氣(qi)象(xiang)條件,提(ti)供給相關制造單位(wei)(wei)或(huo)在招標文件中明確,以(yi)幫(bang)助(zhu)制造單位(wei)(wei)設置合理(li)的(de)(de)測量預警(jing)設備及防風措施。而(er)作為使用(yong)單位(wei)(wei)應當(dang)在制造安(an)裝單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)配合下完(wan)成起重機(ji)基(ji)礎上相關防風配套措施的(de)(de)建(jian)設以(yi)及相應的(de)(de)預案設置。

1.5 其他要求

使用環境(jing)為(wei)海(hai)邊或有(you)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)氣(qi)體(ti)的,對起(qi)(qi)重機的金屬結構及(ji)各機構有(you)影(ying)響,應及(ji)時作出(chu)說明(ming)。相對濕(shi)(shi)度(du)要求在(zai)GB/T14405-2011《通用橋式起(qi)(qi)重機》中規定:室內(nei)起(qi)(qi)重機在(zai)+40℃的溫度(du)下相對濕(shi)(shi)度(du)不超過50%,室外起(qi)(qi)重機環境(jing)溫度(du)不超過+25℃的相對濕(shi)(shi)度(du)允(yun)許暫(zan)時高達100%。門式起(qi)(qi)重機類似。

起重機使(shi)用地點的海拔高(gao)度不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)1000m,超過(guo)(guo)1000m應(ying)對(dui)電動機的容量進行校核。超過(guo)(guo)2000m應(ying)對(dui)電器(qi)件(jian)進行容量校核。

對于特殊工(gong)作環境的起重機(ji)(ji),在GB/T14405-2011《通用(yong)(yong)橋式(shi)起重機(ji)(ji)》和GB/T14406-2011《通用(yong)(yong)門式(shi)起重機(ji)(ji)》工(gong)作環境條件一節中(zhong)均有備注,超過上述范圍規定時(shi),由(you)用(yong)(yong)戶與制造(zao)商(shang)協商(shang)解(jie)決。

2 吊運物(wu)品狀況分析(xi)

吊(diao)(diao)運物品(pin)(pin)狀(zhuang)況主要指被吊(diao)(diao)物品(pin)(pin)的形(xing)狀(zhuang)及狀(zhuang)態,其與(yu)吊(diao)(diao)具的選擇息息相(xiang)關。要考慮被吊(diao)(diao)物品(pin)(pin)是(shi)整(zheng)件物料(liao)還是(shi)散料(liao),規則形(xing)狀(zhuang)還是(shi)不(bu)規則形(xing)狀(zhuang),固體還是(shi)高溫液體等。

使用單位應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)起(qi)重機所吊物(wu)(wu)品的(de)形狀,選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)不同(tong)的(de)吊具。一般(ban)情況(kuang)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)吊鉤(gou),特殊情況(kuang)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)物(wu)(wu)料的(de)不同(tong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)抓斗、電磁吸(xi)盤(pan)及其他專用吊具。如吊運熔融金屬與熔融非金屬等(deng),則應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)生(sheng)產工藝,來(lai)合理設計吊運、翻(fan)轉等(deng)流程。

在(zai)(zai)(zai)起重(zhong)(zhong)機吊具改裝(zhuang)中,使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)進行金屬散(san)(san)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吊運(yun)是一種(zhong)(zhong)較為(wei)普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)方式(shi)(shi)。多(duo)數中小(xiao)企業往(wang)往(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)起重(zhong)(zhong)機選型(xing)過程(cheng)中并沒有(you)考慮(lv)吊運(yun)物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點,而(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中采用(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)一套電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)來達到吊運(yun)金屬散(san)(san)裝(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)方式(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全隱患。首先,加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)往(wang)往(wang)沒有(you)備用(yong)(yong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池,無(wu)法(fa)(fa)起到電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)功(gong)能延時(shi)失效的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果。其(qi)次,加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)沒有(you)基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測裝(zhuang)置(zhi),無(wu)法(fa)(fa)做到低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測與報警。另外,電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)吸取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)時(shi),下端的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)保證得到足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)場作用(yong)(yong),會出現物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)散(san)(san)落的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)。因此(ci),私(si)自(zi)加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)是一種(zhong)(zhong)十分危險行為(wei),應當予以杜絕,應當在(zai)(zai)(zai)起重(zhong)(zhong)機購置(zhi)時(shi)就(jiu)考慮(lv)當物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)吊運(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求,選擇合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)起重(zhong)(zhong)機。

3 工作級別

起重(zhong)機(ji)的工作級別(bie)是一個復合(he)參數,與載荷(he)重(zhong)量(liang)和(he)使用(yong)頻(pin)率有關。這里既要(yao)考慮所吊運物品(pin)的最大重(zhong)量(liang),也要(yao)考慮經常吊運的物品(pin)重(zhong)量(liang)以(yi)及(ji)兩者對應的使用(yong)頻(pin)率。工作級別(bie)根據表征載荷(he)狀態的載

荷譜(pu)系(xi)數 來確定。

一(yi)般企業人員選(xuan)取起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)時(shi),針對(dui)生產使用(yong)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),會考慮額定起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量、跨(kua)度(du)(du)、起(qi)升(sheng)高(gao)度(du)(du)、起(qi)升(sheng)速度(du)(du)及(ji)大(da)小車(che)運行速度(du)(du)等(deng)幾個(ge)主要(yao)(yao)參數,但很容易疏忽起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)別要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)就見(jian)過(guo)很多(duo)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)繁忙、負荷量大(da)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)別只(zhi)有A3,導致使用(yong)一(yi)段時(shi)間后故(gu)障集中、頻(pin)繁,如運行機(ji)構(gou)故(gu)障、驅動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)燒(shao)壞(huai)、起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)損壞(huai)、零部件疲勞損壞(huai)等(deng)。準確(que)理解工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)別的(de)(de)(de)含義,對(dui)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇有著不可忽視的(de)(de)(de)意義。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)別就是考慮所吊(diao)物品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)量及(ji)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)繁忙程度(du)(du)、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率等(deng)因(yin)素,在GB/T3811《起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)設計規范》的(de)(de)(de)引言別提到(dao):起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)用(yong)戶在確(que)定起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)訂貨要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)及(ji)選(xuan)購起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)產品(pin)時(shi),要(yao)(yao)特別注意確(que)定和選(xuan)擇起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)整機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)別和它的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)別。

起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別分類包括(kuo)整機(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別、機(ji)(ji)構(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別、結構(gou)件與機(ji)(ji)械零件的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別;機(ji)(ji)構(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別又分為起升機(ji)(ji)構(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別、大車(che)運行(xing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別、小車(che)運行(xing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別等。起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別(整機(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)各(ge)機(ji)(ji)構(gou))根據(ju)10個使用等級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)4個載荷狀(zhuang)態來(lai)劃分成8個工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別。它是生產單位進行(xing)設(she)計與制造的(de)依據(ju),通過工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別參(can)數的(de)確定,可(ke)以使起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)實際使用情況和(he)(he)設(she)計內容更(geng)加切合(he),從而降(jiang)低(di)起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)故(gu)障率,提高(gao)可(ke)靠性(xing)和(he)(he)使用效率,提高(gao)設(she)備的(de)性(xing)價比。由于(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別的(de)確定在GB/T3811《起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)設(she)計規(gui)范》規(gui)定的(de)比較(jiao)詳細(xi),同時相對(dui)復雜,對(dui)使用單位管理人(ren)員要求有較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)專業技術(shu)知識(shi),這里(li)不(bu)再(zai)一一論(lun)述。但由于(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別對(dui)起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)選(xuan)擇有著重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)意(yi)義,使用單位應至少應查閱GB/T3811中附錄(lu)A及(ji)附錄(lu)B的(de)有關資料,近(jin)似(si)選(xuan)出所要的(de)起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別及(ji)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)別。

4 空間要求

起(qi)重機選型時(shi)需要(yao)考慮滿(man)足(zu)使用場地、作業空(kong)間及(ji)相應維修空(kong)間的要(yao)求(qiu)。

根據車間內(nei)場(chang)地的(de)布置情(qing)況,例如(ru)臨(lin)墻邊多少距(ju)離(li)需要放置重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu),該重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)的(de)最大高度、體積(ji)、重(zhong)(zhong)量等來合理選(xuan)擇起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機,可充(chong)分(fen)(fen)利用車間空間,并降(jiang)低歪拉斜吊的(de)發(fa)生幾率,減少由此(ci)產生的(de)不(bu)便和故障。根據GB6067.1中規定(ding),起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機任何(he)部(bu)(bu)件距(ju)離(li)建筑(zhu)物(wu)任何(he)固定(ding)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)距(ju)離(li)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5m;距(ju)離(li)任何(he)扶手、護欄不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.1m;距(ju)離(li)任何(he)人(ren)行通道(工(gong)作平臺除外)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5m;起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機下部(bu)(bu)界(jie)限(xian)與下方通道垂(chui)直(zhi)距(ju)離(li)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1.7m;下界(jie)限(xian)與無人(ren)出(chu)入部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5m;上界(jie)限(xian)垂(chui)直(zhi)距(ju)離(li)在(zai)維修保養(yang)位置不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5m,不(bu)會對(dui)人(ren)員(yuan)產生危(wei)害時可以縮小(xiao)(xiao)至(zhi)0.1m。

在起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)(ji)選擇時(shi)(shi)還要(yao)考慮(lv)使用中廠房(fang)變(bian)化導致的界限(xian)(xian)尺寸(cun)不足,比如木(mu)質(zhi)廠房(fang)頂在天氣(qi)濕度(du)和溫度(du)改變(bian)時(shi)(shi)形(xing)變(bian)較為嚴(yan)重,若上界限(xian)(xian)尺寸(cun)過(guo)小會導致運行時(shi)(shi)出(chu)現干涉現象。廠房(fang)車間(jian)兩端處沉降較為嚴(yan)重,也(ye)會影(ying)響起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)(ji)界限(xian)(xian)尺寸(cun),若遇多層(ceng)廠房(fang)時(shi)(shi),上層(ceng)車間(jian)的起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)(ji)承軌(gui)梁形(xing)變(bian)會加劇(ju),對于運行空(kong)間(jian)的變(bian)化影(ying)響也(ye)更大(da)。

另(ling)外,在(zai)(zai)選擇起(qi)重(zhong)機時還應合理考慮起(qi)重(zhong)機本身的(de)(de)維(wei)修(xiu)空間。起(qi)重(zhong)設備(bei)屬于高(gao)空設備(bei),維(wei)修(xiu)保養或發(fa)生故障,就會(hui)存在(zai)(zai)高(gao)空作(zuo)業的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。現(xian)在(zai)(zai)廣大(da)起(qi)重(zhong)機生產、使用單位對這方面(mian)較(jiao)易(yi)忽視,具體表現(xian)在(zai)(zai)最常用的(de)(de)葫蘆(lu)式起(qi)重(zhong)機上,存在(zai)(zai)電動(dong)葫蘆(lu)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)處缺少檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai),葫蘆(lu)雙梁(liang)起(qi)重(zhong)機主梁(liang)邊(bian)不(bu)設置側走臺(tai)(tai),所(suo)設置高(gao)空走臺(tai)(tai)、檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)護欄(lan)凈(jing)空高(gao)度很小,安全(quan)通道的(de)(de)安全(quan)距(ju)離不(bu)足,對各運行機構的(de)(de)維(wei)護保養不(bu)便(bian)等一(yi)系列問(wen)題。

5 特殊使用要求

在橋(qiao)門(men)式(shi)起(qi)重機選型過程(cheng)中因(yin)為(wei)吊運作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)實際(ji)需(xu)求(qiu)還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)考慮其他(ta)一些特(te)殊要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),如定位精度、與作(zuo)業(ye)場地(di)其他(ta)設備的(de)配套要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、還(huan)有企業(ye)根據(ju)承受風險的(de)能力,適當增加(jia)冗(rong)余設計提高安全性(xing)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)等(deng)。

6 結束語

起(qi)重機的選(xuan)型(xing)往(wang)往(wang)與起(qi)重機安全(quan)使用(yong)和維(wei)護難度緊密相關,用(yong)戶(hu)選(xuan)型(xing)時往(wang)往(wang)會將成本和價格擺在第(di)一(yi)位,而忽略一(yi)些隱性(xing)的性(xing)能因(yin)素(su),文章提(ti)到的這些都是起(qi)重機用(yong)戶(hu)在選(xuan)用(yong)起(qi)重機時應該(gai)考(kao)(kao)慮的安全(quan)因(yin)素(su)和性(xing)能指標,可作為參考(kao)(kao),希(xi)望廣大用(yong)戶(hu)能切實選(xuan)擇到適(shi)合自己(ji)生產情況的起(qi)重機。

參考文獻

[1]GB/T14405-2011.通用(yong)橋(qiao)式起(qi)重(zhong)機[S].

[2]GB/T14406-2011.通用門式(shi)起重機(ji)[S].

[3]TSG Q0002-2008.起(qi)重機械安全技(ji)術監察規程-橋(qiao)式起(qi)重機[S].

篇8

關鍵詞:油田處理站 電氣安裝 安全(quan)質量問題(ti) 預防控制措施

中圖分類號(hao)(hao):TM 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號(hao)(hao):1674-098X(2013)05(c)-0050-02

江(jiang)蘇油(you)田(tian)(tian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原油(you)中(zhong)富(fu)含可燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)體,站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong),如果(guo)在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)危險區(qu)域使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)(bei)不(bu)符合要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)或(huo)(huo)者沒有考(kao)慮(lv)連(lian)接中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),將(jiang)會(hui)給施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)及(ji)日后運行安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶來極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患,或(huo)(huo)者會(hui)直接造(zao)成安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事故(gu)。例如:采用(yong)(yong)(yong)非防爆(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)、在(zai)(zai)不(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)點(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)變壓器,安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)完(wan)成后未設置安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)防護、油(you)氣(qi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)房的(de)(de)(de)(de)防雷設施不(bu)完(wan)備(bei)(bei)、配電(dian)屏的(de)(de)(de)(de)配置不(bu)合要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)進站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)管(guan)線未接地(di)(di)、電(dian)纜(lan)接頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)防爆(bao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)不(bu)合格、電(dian)纜(lan)敷(fu)設不(bu)符合要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)等。油(you)氣(qi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質量(liang)是保證(zheng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程,它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)好壞對處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)能力及(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)內各項設施正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)有著(zhu)直接影響(xiang)。本人近年來一直從(cong)事江(jiang)蘇油(you)田(tian)(tian)內部(bu)電(dian)氣(qi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),在(zai)(zai)電(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程檢查(cha)驗收時,經常(chang)會(hui)發現這樣或(huo)(huo)那樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)質量(liang)問題,影響(xiang)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)內電(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),對處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)運行留下安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患。因此油(you)田(tian)(tian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)電(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制尤為重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),下面(mian)是對油(you)田(tian)(tian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)內電(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)質量(liang)問題及(ji)其控(kong)制措施的(de)(de)(de)(de)整理(li)(li)總結,供同行參考(kao)。

1 電氣施工現場安全技術(shu)要求

如果施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)(an)全意識淡薄、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不到(dao)位(wei),在(zai)(zai)站內的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中極易形(xing)成安(an)(an)(an)全隱(yin)患,造成安(an)(an)(an)全事故。因(yin)此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)應(ying)(ying):建立施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全管理網絡(luo),明(ming)確(que)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全責任人(ren)。要求(qiu)(qiu)所(suo)有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)必(bi)須持(chi)證(zheng)上(shang)崗,嚴格按照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)應(ying)(ying)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)全技術(shu)方面(mian)的(de)(de)交(jiao)底,必(bi)要時進(jin)行(xing)進(jin)場(chang)前(qian)(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)全方面(mian)的(de)(de)考試(shi)。規(gui)范施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)場(chang)前(qian)(qian)詳細(xi)檢查自己所(suo)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)安(an)(an)(an)全可靠,是(shi)(shi)否(fou)穿戴好必(bi)須防(fang)(fang)護用品(pin)的(de)(de)行(xing)為。并且(qie)要求(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)間進(jin)行(xing)相互的(de)(de)檢查,以防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時發生(sheng)意外。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)操作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)思想集中。在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)裝或維修(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設備(bei)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時,必(bi)須嚴格遵守各項安(an)(an)(an)全操作規(gui)程和規(gui)定。維修(xiu)設備(bei)、線(xian)路要采(cai)取必(bi)要的(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)開關手把上(shang)或線(xian)路上(shang)懸掛“有人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作、禁止(zhi)合(he)閘”的(de)(de)警告(gao)牌,防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)他人(ren)中途送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2 施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)序預(yu)控(kong)措施(shi)(shi)

2.1 變壓器安裝施工

變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是一種交流電(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi),在電(dian)路中是應用較為廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種器(qi)件,在油(you)氣處(chu)理(li)站中也不例外,站內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有電(dian)氣設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)都需要(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)對(dui)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換,達到系統所需要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。在安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)時,首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)復核。根據處(chu)理(li)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防爆等級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分(fen),核算變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)是否符合(he)以后(hou)(hou)處(chu)理(li)站正常運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。露天變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)火災危險場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離,不應小于(yu)10 m。土建基(ji)礎進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)查(cha),達到相(xiang)關(guan)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)及(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求,變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)檢(jian)查(cha)完好后(hou)(hou)將變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)就(jiu)位(wei),大型變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)必須制定吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)措施。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)是變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)交接試驗(yan)(yan)。實驗(yan)(yan)合(he)格與(yu)否是衡(heng)量(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質(zhi)量(liang)及(ji)制造質(zhi)量(liang)好壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)時需要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)維(wei)護,設置(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)警戒線、警示牌(pai)。實驗(yan)(yan)完成后(hou)(hou)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)多次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian),放(fang)電(dian)時間(jian)符合(he)相(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)定。

變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)安(an)裝的工序為:變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)到(dao)貨檢查(cha)、變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)二(er)次搬運、變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)穩(wen)裝、附(fu)件安(an)裝、交(jiao)接試驗(yan)、送(song)電前檢查(cha)。

2.2 配電屏安裝

油(you)田處理(li)(li)(li)站(zhan)現階段使用的(de)(de)(de)多為(wei)GGD型配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜(ju),該類(lei)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種交流配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜(ju),具有容量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)、機構合理(li)(li)(li)、穩(wen)定(ding)性強(qiang)、安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)維護(hu)方便、防(fang)護(hu)性能好(hao)、分(fen)段能力強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。也是(shi)(shi)將變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能進行再次分(fen)配(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備。在部(bu)分(fen)油(you)氣(qi)處理(li)(li)(li)站(zhan)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)機較多且電(dian)(dian)機功率較大(da)(da)(da),從節(jie)能角(jiao)度考(kao)慮(lv),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)中(zhong)設(she)置(zhi)變(bian)頻器啟動電(dian)(dian)機,變(bian)頻器的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)缺點就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)發(fa)熱較多。處理(li)(li)(li)站(zhan)中(zhong)油(you)氣(qi)量(liang)(liang)比較大(da)(da)(da),一(yi)(yi)旦溫度達到一(yi)(yi)定(ding)值,就(jiu)極易因(yin)(yin)為(wei)變(bian)頻器發(fa)出大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)熱而燒壞設(she)備引(yin)發(fa)火災。所以對油(you)田處理(li)(li)(li)站(zhan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時,要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)及配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜(ju)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)制通風。例如在配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)室內安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)排(pai)風扇(shan)或是(shi)(shi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)空調(diao),減少因(yin)(yin)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)GGD配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)散(san)熱而引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)安全隱患或是(shi)(shi)安全故障(zhang)。GGD配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質量(liang)(liang)需考(kao)慮(lv)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)垂直度及水(shui)平度,其(qi)允許偏(pian)差因(yin)(yin)滿足設(she)計(ji)要(yao)求。其(qi)內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)二次接線應按圖施工,橫(heng)平豎(shu)直,標(biao)識(shi)清楚,保持美觀。配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)與(yu)基礎使用鍍(du)鋅螺栓固定(ding)牢固。配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜(ju)的(de)(de)(de)接地要(yao)接觸良好(hao),該項(xiang)目是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)控項(xiang)目,其(qi)接地電(dian)(dian)阻必(bi)須符(fu)合要(yao)求。

配電屏安裝(zhuang)工序(xu)為:開(kai)箱檢查、二次(ci)搬(ban)運、安裝(zhuang)固定、母線安裝(zhuang)、二次(ci)小線連(lian)接(jie)、試驗調整、送電運行驗收。

2.3 電纜線路敷設安裝

電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)路起著輸送電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong),往往會(hui)因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)截面(mian)選擇過小,使電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)載(zai)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)不能滿(man)足(zu)設(she)(she)(she)備正(zheng)常運(yun)行(xing)(xing)需要,在(zai)后(hou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)中,燒(shao)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)或(huo)是(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況。因(yin)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進場(chang)驗(yan)收要確認截面(mian)積及載(zai)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)滿(man)足(zu)設(she)(she)(she)備正(zheng)常運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。站內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)溝(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖必(bi)須進行(xing)(xing)地下設(she)(she)(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確認,特別是(shi)(shi)處理站內(nei)改造(zao)維修,需要請(qing)相(xiang)關單位確認后(hou)在(zai)進行(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)溝(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)埋設(she)(she)(she)深(shen)度應(ying)(ying)滿(man)足(zu)設(she)(she)(she)計要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)度,設(she)(she)(she)計無(wu)要求是(shi)(shi)不得小于0.7 m。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)護管與電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備或(huo)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)盒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie),應(ying)(ying)符合:螺(luo)紋(wen)連(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進線(xian)(xian)口,應(ying)(ying)嚙合緊(jin)密(mi);非螺(luo)紋(wen)連(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進線(xian)(xian)口,鋼管引入(ru)后(hou)應(ying)(ying)裝設(she)(she)(she)鎖緊(jin)螺(luo)母;與電(dian)(dian)(dian)機等有振動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備或(huo)是(shi)(shi)易燃易爆場(chang)所設(she)(she)(she)備連(lian)接(jie)時,應(ying)(ying)裝設(she)(she)(she)防爆撓(nao)性連(lian)接(jie)管。現場(chang)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)應(ying)(ying)根據(ju)GB50150《電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)裝置安(an)裝工程 電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)交接(jie)試(shi)驗(yan)標準》進行(xing)(xing)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交接(jie)試(shi)驗(yan):如電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)測量(liang)、直流(liu)(liu)耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)壓(ya)及泄露(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)試(shi)驗(yan)、交流(liu)(liu)耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)、測量(liang)金屬屏蔽層電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和導電(dian)(dian)(dian)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)比、檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)路兩端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)位;充油(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣油(you)(you)試(shi)驗(yan)等。

電(dian)(dian)纜設施安裝(zhuang)的(de)工序(xu)為:電(dian)(dian)纜進(jin)場驗(yan)收、電(dian)(dian)纜套管支架(jia)預制(zhi)安裝(zhuang)、電(dian)(dian)纜溝開挖、電(dian)(dian)纜絕(jue)緣測試、電(dian)(dian)纜敷設、電(dian)(dian)纜交接(jie)試驗(yan)、送電(dian)(dian)試運行。

篇9

依據(ju)《國務院關于進一步加(jia)強企業(ye)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的通(tong)知》(國發〔2010〕23號)要求,為切(qie)實加(jia)強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)督管理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),促使(shi)其認(ren)真履行(xing)企業(ye)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)主體(ti)責任,創(chuang)新(xin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)管模(mo)式,及時消除安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)隱患,確(que)保區冶金、機械(xie)等九大工(gong)(gong)貿行(xing)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)形勢的持續穩定(ding)。根據(ju)《中華人民共和國安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)法》、《省安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)條例》、《省冶金、機械(xie)等行(xing)業(ye)企業(ye)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)分級管理(li)意見》等法律、法規(gui)及有(you)關標(biao)準規(gui)定(ding),經(jing)研究決定(ding),對全(quan)(quan)區冶金、機械(xie)等工(gong)(gong)貿企業(ye)實行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)分級監(jian)管,現就有(you)關事宜通(tong)知如下:

一(yi)、實行分級監管的(de)范圍

在區行政區域范(fan)圍內(nei)從事生產經(jing)營活動的冶金、建材、有色、機械、電力、輕工(gong)、紡(fang)織、煙草、貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)等工(gong)貿(mao)(mao)行業的生產經(jing)營單位(以下簡稱為生產經(jing)營單位)實行分級監管。

二、企業等級的劃分

根據生產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位的(de)安全生產(chan)規章制(zhi)(zhi)度、安全管理機構(gou)及(ji)人員(yuan)、安全生產(chan)培訓教育、安全設(she)施“三同時(shi)”(建設(she)項目的(de)安全設(she)施與主體(ti)工程同時(shi)設(she)計、同時(shi)施工、同時(shi)投入生產(chan)和使用(yong),下(xia)同)執行情況、生產(chan)現場(chang)安全管理、設(she)備設(she)施安全管理、應急救援管理和事(shi)故控制(zhi)(zhi)管理等主體(ti)責任實(shi)際落實(shi)情況,制(zhi)(zhi)定分級(ji)(ji)評(ping)(ping)審百(bai)分制(zhi)(zhi)考評(ping)(ping)細則(見附(fu)件)進行評(ping)(ping)審定級(ji)(ji),根據評(ping)(ping)定結果將生產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位分為A、B、C、D四(si)個安全狀況等級(ji)(ji),并(bing)對生產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位實(shi)行分級(ji)(ji)管理、重(zhong)點監管的(de)安全生產(chan)監管模式。

A級(ji)單位(自主(zhu)管理型):

該類生(sheng)產經(jing)(jing)營單位的(de)安(an)全生(sheng)產狀況優良,列入自主管(guan)理(li)級別,轄區政(zheng)府及負有安(an)全生(sheng)產監管(guan)職責的(de)部門除例行檢查等工作(zuo)(zuo)之外,應鼓勵和支持(chi)生(sheng)產經(jing)(jing)營單位自主做好(hao)安(an)全生(sheng)產管(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)。

評定標準(zhun):生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位(wei)的安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)規章制(zhi)度(du)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)機構及人(ren)員(yuan)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)培訓教(jiao)育、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)設(she)施(shi)“三同時”執行情(qing)況(kuang)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)現(xian)場安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、設(she)備設(she)施(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、應(ying)急救援管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)和事故控制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)等綜合評定得(de)分在90分以上(shang)或生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位(wei)通過市(shi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(含市(shi)級(ji)(ji)(ji))以上(shang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)標準(zhun)化認證的,近期未發生(sheng)(sheng)亡(wang)人(ren)事故的,經(jing)轄(xia)區安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)部門和區安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)局(ju)審查、市(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)局(ju)確認后,直接進入該級(ji)(ji)(ji)別。

B級(ji)單位(一般監管型):

該類生(sheng)產經營單位(wei)的安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產狀(zhuang)況良好,列入一般監(jian)管級(ji)別,由轄區負有安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產監(jian)管職責的部門(men)進行(xing)定期安(an)全(quan)檢查,指(zhi)出(chu)發現問題(ti),對存(cun)在的一般安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患,提出(chu)整改(gai)意(yi)見(jian),并(bing)限期整改(gai)完(wan)畢,促進企業提高安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產水平。

評(ping)定標準:生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經營單位的安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規章制(zhi)(zhi)度、安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)機構及(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)培訓教育、安(an)全(quan)(quan)設施“三(san)同時”執行情況、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)現場安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)、設備(bei)設施安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)、應(ying)急救援(yuan)管理(li)和事(shi)故控制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)綜合評(ping)審(shen)得分在(zai)80-89分。

C級單位(重點(dian)監管型(xing)):

該類(lei)生(sheng)產(chan)經營單位的(de)安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)狀況較差(cha),存(cun)在重(zhong)大(da)安全(quan)(quan)事故隱(yin)患(huan),列入重(zhong)點監管級(ji)別,需(xu)局部限期進(jin)行停產(chan)停業(ye)整(zheng)改,由(you)轄(xia)區負(fu)有安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)監管職責的(de)部門(men)聯合有關部門(men),集(ji)中力量進(jin)行重(zhong)點治(zhi)理。對(dui)該類(lei)單位采取定期和不定期檢(jian)查相結合的(de)方(fang)法,對(dui)發現(xian)的(de)問題限期整(zheng)改完畢。如在整(zheng)改期限內不能完成整(zheng)改工作,仍存(cun)在重(zhong)大(da)安全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)的(de),則降為D級(ji)。

評(ping)定標準:生產經營單位的安(an)(an)全生產規章(zhang)制度、安(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)理機構及人員、安(an)(an)全生產培訓教(jiao)育(yu)、安(an)(an)全設(she)(she)施(shi)“三同時”執(zhi)行(xing)情況(kuang)、生產現(xian)場(chang)安(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)理、設(she)(she)備設(she)(she)施(shi)安(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)理、應急救援管(guan)(guan)理和事故(gu)控制管(guan)(guan)理綜合評(ping)審得(de)分(fen)在60-79分(fen)。

D級單位(強(qiang)力監管型):

該類(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營單位安(an)(an)全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)狀況(kuang)極差,存在多個重大(da)安(an)(an)全(quan)事故隱患(huan),且經停(ting)產(chan)(chan)停(ting)業限期治理仍對(dui)本單位及(ji)周邊(bian)的人(ren)員和財產(chan)(chan)構成(cheng)重大(da)威脅。由轄區(qu)負有(you)安(an)(an)全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)監管職責的部門(men)聯(lian)合有(you)關部門(men)采取相應強制措施,勒令其停(ting)產(chan)(chan)停(ting)業或提請區(qu)人(ren)民政府依(yi)法依(yi)規予以關閉取締,嚴防各(ge)類(lei)事故發生(sheng)(sheng)。

評定(ding)標準:生產(chan)(chan)經營單位的安(an)全生產(chan)(chan)規(gui)章制度(du)、安(an)全管理機構及人員(yuan)、安(an)全生產(chan)(chan)培訓教育、安(an)全設施(shi)“三(san)同時”執行情況、生產(chan)(chan)現場安(an)全管理、設備(bei)設施(shi)安(an)全管理、應急救援管理和事故控(kong)制管理綜合評定(ding)得分在59(含59分)以(yi)下。

三(san)、工(gong)貿企業分(fen)級(ji)監管辦法

(一)市安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)理局負(fu)(fu)責對全(quan)(quan)市工貿企(qi)業安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)分(fen)級監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)理工作(zuo)進行監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、指導、公(gong)示(shi)。區安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)理局負(fu)(fu)責本轄區冶(ye)金、機械等工貿行業的分(fen)級審查(cha)工作(zuo),審查(cha)結果(guo)報市安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)理局備(bei)案。各轄區安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)部門負(fu)(fu)責具(ju)體組織本轄區冶(ye)金、機械等工貿行業的分(fen)級評審工作(zuo),評審結果(guo)報區安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)理局備(bei)案。

(二)市安(an)全生產監(jian)督管(guan)(guan)理(li)局對分級(ji)評審結(jie)果(guo)進行(xing)匯總,并在(zai)市安(an)全生產信息網等媒體上進行(xing)公示,公示期為15天,公示結(jie)束確認(ren)無(wu)誤(wu)后,將(jiang)正式列入安(an)全生產監(jian)管(guan)(guan)范圍。

生(sheng)產(chan)經營單(dan)位對評(ping)(ping)審定(ding)級(ji)結果有異議的,可在公(gong)示期內向屬地安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)監督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理局或(huo)負有安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)監督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理職責的部(bu)門提出申請,并由市安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)監督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理部(bu)門進行復(fu)核,并最終確認(ren)評(ping)(ping)審結果。

(三)轄區安全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產監(jian)管部門按(an)照管理權(quan)限,根(gen)據生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產經營(ying)單位(wei)的不(bu)同安全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產等級進行監(jian)督檢查,頻次如下(xia):

A級單位:每年例行檢查不少于1次。

B級單位:隱患整改(gai)期限內應進行跟蹤(zong)檢查(cha);隱患整改(gai)期完畢(bi)后,每年檢查(cha)不少于(yu)2次。

C級單位:每年(nian)檢查不少(shao)于4次。

D級單位(wei):每月檢查不少于1次。

(四)轄區各安(an)全(quan)生產監管(guan)部門的日常監督管(guan)理情(qing)況,應及時、準確(que)地做好(hao)檢查(cha)紀錄,并(bing)建立相應臺(tai)賬。區安(an)全(quan)生產監督管(guan)理局將對(dui)分類評審定級(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)建立明(ming)查(cha)暗訪等工(gong)作(zuo)制(zhi)度。

四、分級監(jian)管實(shi)行動態管理

(一)分級(ji)(ji)評(ping)(ping)審工(gong)(gong)作實行周期復(fu)評(ping)(ping)制度。按照市、縣(區)兩級(ji)(ji)管理權限,分別組織分類(lei)評(ping)(ping)審復(fu)評(ping)(ping)工(gong)(gong)作。A級(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)每4年(nian)復(fu)評(ping)(ping)1次(ci),B級(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)每3年(nian)復(fu)評(ping)(ping)1次(ci),C級(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)每2年(nian)復(fu)評(ping)(ping)1次(ci),D級(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)每年(nian)組織對停(ting)產(chan)停(ting)業整頓(dun)或關(guan)閉取締工(gong)(gong)作落實情況進行督(du)察。

生產(chan)經營單位(wei)在復(fu)評(ping)中出(chu)現級別變(bian)化的(de),相關縣(市(shi)、區)安全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)監(jian)管部門應(ying)在7日內報市(shi)安全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)監(jian)管部門重新確認。

(二)日常(chang)檢查中,生產(chan)經營單位(wei)存在下列情況之一的,予以降級:

1.對排(pai)查出的(de)(de)重大安(an)全生產隱(yin)患,經相(xiang)關安(an)全生產監管部(bu)門指令限期整改(gai)仍未徹(che)底治理的(de)(de),級別下降(jiang)一(yi)級;

2.發(fa)生(sheng)1起一般生(sheng)產安全(quan)亡人責任事故,級別下降一級;

3.1年內(nei)連(lian)續受到2次及以上安(an)全生產(chan)行(xing)政(zheng)處罰,級(ji)別下降一級(ji);

4.應(ying)履(lv)行(xing)而未履(lv)行(xing)建(jian)設(she)項目安全設(she)施“三(san)同時”手續(xu)的,級(ji)別下降(jiang)一級(ji);

5.1年內發生(sheng)1起(qi)較大(da)生(sheng)產安全事故(gu),或發生(sheng)2起(qi)及以(yi)上(shang)一般生(sheng)產安全事故(gu),級別下(xia)降二(er)級;發生(sheng)重(zhong)大(da)(含重(zhong)大(da))以(yi)上(shang)生(sheng)產安全事故(gu)的(de),直接(jie)降為D級。

生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營單(dan)位出(chu)現應(ying)予降(jiang)級情況的,區安(an)全生產(chan)(chan)(chan)監(jian)管部門應(ying)在7日內報市安(an)全生產(chan)(chan)(chan)管理(li)部門認定(ding),并(bing)予以(yi)公示。

(三)因發生較(jiao)大(含(han)較(jiao)大)及以下生產(chan)(chan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責任(ren)事故(gu)或存在(zai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)隱患(huan)降(jiang)級的生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營單(dan)位整改到位的且滿一(yi)年后,可向所屬地(di)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)監管部(bu)門(men)申請恢復級別,所屬地(di)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)管理部(bu)門(men)應在(zai)15日內進(jin)行驗收確認,并于7日內報(bao)區、市安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)監管部(bu)門(men)認定,予(yu)以公(gong)示。

在日常(chang)檢查中(zhong)發(fa)現生產經營單位(wei)未(wei)進行分(fen)級評審工作的,所屬地(di)安全(quan)(quan)生產監(jian)管部門要在發(fa)現之日起30日內責(ze)令其完成評審定級工作,并報區、市安全(quan)(quan)生產監(jian)管部門備案。

五、獎懲制度

生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)分級(ji)監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)工作,作為我區安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)工作的(de)(de)重要組成部(bu)分,將(jiang)列入(ru)區政府對各街道辦事處和行(xing)業監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)部(bu)門安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)年度目標考(kao)核的(de)(de)重要內容,并堅持(chi)優勝(sheng)劣汰的(de)(de)原則,對我區經(jing)濟(ji)和社會(hui)發(fa)展有較大貢獻、其(qi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)狀況良(liang)好的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位,應(ying)采取(qu)積極有效的(de)(de)扶持(chi)政策,支持(chi)其(qi)又好又快發(fa)展;對人民(min)群眾(zhong)生(sheng)命(ming)財產(chan)(chan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)構成嚴重威脅的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)單位,應(ying)采取(qu)強制措施,促使其(qi)進行(xing)限期治理(li)整頓,直至關閉取(qu)締。

被評為A級的(de)生產(chan)經營單(dan)位(wei)或(huo)其(qi)負責(ze)人,有資格(ge)參(can)加各級政府和主管部門與安(an)全生產(chan)相關的(de)先進單(dan)位(wei)或(huo)個人的(de)評選。

被評為B級的(de)生產經營單(dan)位(wei)或(huo)其(qi)負責(ze)人(ren),不得參加市級(含市級)以上(shang)與(yu)安全(quan)生產相(xiang)關的(de)先進單(dan)位(wei)或(huo)個(ge)人(ren)的(de)評選。

被評(ping)(ping)為C級(ji)(ji)(含C級(ji)(ji))以下的(de)生產(chan)經營單位(wei)或其負(fu)責人,不得參加各級(ji)(ji)與(yu)安(an)全生產(chan)相(xiang)關的(de)先進單位(wei)或個人的(de)評(ping)(ping)選。

被評為D級的生(sheng)產經(jing)營單位,由(you)屬地負(fu)有安全(quan)生(sheng)產監管職責的部(bu)門(men)報(bao)相關部(bu)門(men)責令其限期停(ting)產停(ting)業(ye)整頓(dun)。經(jing)整頓(dun)后仍不能保(bao)障(zhang)人(ren)民群眾(zhong)生(sheng)命財產安全(quan)的,提請區人(ren)民政府(fu)依(yi)法依(yi)規予以關閉(bi)取締。

六、工作要求

(一)各街道辦事處、紡織(zhi)產(chan)業(ye)園、機械制造(zao)(加工(gong))產(chan)業(ye)園要高度重視工(gong)貿企業(ye)分級(ji)(ji)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)工(gong)作。對工(gong)貿企業(ye)實(shi)施分級(ji)(ji)監(jian)(jian)管(guan),是突出重點(dian)、規(gui)范和有針(zhen)對性開展監(jian)(jian)管(guan)工(gong)作的一項重要舉(ju)措(cuo)。要充分認(ren)識實(shi)行分級(ji)(ji)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)的重要意義(yi),加強組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)領導,認(ren)真組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施。

(二)強化措施(shi),嚴格(ge)落實(shi)分(fen)級(ji)(ji)監管制度。各街道辦(ban)事處(chu)、紡(fang)織產(chan)業園、機械制造(加(jia)工)產(chan)業園要(yao)結合(he)各自(zi)實(shi)際,進一步細化分(fen)級(ji)(ji)管理辦(ban)法,采取有(you)效措施(shi),認(ren)真推(tui)進分(fen)級(ji)(ji)監管工作(zuo)。通過(guo)實(shi)行分(fen)級(ji)(ji)監管,有(you)針對性開展監督檢查工作(zuo),促(cu)使工貿企業安(an)全生產(chan)管理水平持(chi)續提高。

篇10

【關鍵詞】高(gao)速公路;安全生產;施工質(zhi)量(liang);監控

云梧(wu)(wu)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路在建設(she)中制定了《云梧(wu)(wu)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路創典(dian)型示范(fan)工(gong)(gong)程實(shi)施(shi)細(xi)則(ze)》,堅持將自然和(he)(he)諧、安(an)全(quan)至上、以人為(wei)(wei)本(ben)作為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)要的(de)基本(ben)原則(ze),并將更新(xin)安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)理(li)念、科技創新(xin)作為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)要依托,將精(jing)心設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)精(jing)細(xi)化管理(li)的(de)安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)思想作為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)要手段,從(cong)而確保(bao)云梧(wu)(wu)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路在安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)、工(gong)(gong)程質量和(he)(he)生(sheng)態(tai)環保(bao)等方面的(de)管理(li)實(shi)踐工(gong)(gong)作更順利的(de)開展[1]。

1安(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)及施(shi)工質量現(xian)場監控

1.1廣(guang)泛宣(xuan)傳(chuan),加強培訓教(jiao)育,增強安全生產意識

項目施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian),應(ying)(ying)提(ti)前(qian)編制(zhi)(zhi)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)《工(gong)(gong)程管理手(shou)冊(ce)》,或(huo)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)直觀的(de)(de)3D動漫(man)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)教材,對(dui)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)線的(de)(de)管理人(ren)員進行一級安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)教育。待培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)結束后再對(dui)現場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)長一級實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員,展開二、三(san)級的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun),并將(jiang)“平安(an)”理念始終貫穿(chuan)于工(gong)(gong)程項目建設的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過程,以(yi)營造出“人(ren)人(ren)懂安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),人(ren)人(ren)促(cu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”的(de)(de)和諧(xie)生(sheng)產(chan)氛(fen)圍,促(cu)使全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)體工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員逐漸養(yang)成安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)良(liang)好行為習慣。各部(bu)門應(ying)(ying)積(ji)極(ji)組織開展應(ying)(ying)急預(yu)(yu)案演練,提(ti)升應(ying)(ying)急預(yu)(yu)案運(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)流暢性。面(mian)對(dui)不同的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程進度,施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)所(suo)組織的(de)(de)消防(fang)、突發(fa)事(shi)故應(ying)(ying)急救援(yuan)等(deng)各項演練也應(ying)(ying)做出相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)調(diao)整。此外,相關單(dan)(dan)位(wei)還應(ying)(ying)加(jia)強(qiang)與當地(di)政府、醫院、消防(fang)、公安(an)等(deng)公共部(bu)門之(zhi)間的(de)(de)聯(lian)系,建立聯(lian)動合作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),從而確(que)(que)保在(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)突發(fa)事(shi)件時,能將(jiang)損失與傷害降到最低(di)[2]。建立完(wan)善的(de)(de)排查制(zhi)(zhi)度,將(jiang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)落到實(shi)處,確(que)(que)保安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)良(liang)態運(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)長久性。相關單(dan)(dan)位(wei)應(ying)(ying)針對(dui)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)建立相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)檢查制(zhi)(zhi)度,進一步強(qiang)化每一位(wei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意(yi)識(shi),從而確(que)(que)保安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)良(liang)態得以(yi)長久保持。

1.2施工區域(yu)的安全評價及(ji)現場檢查

云梧高速(su)公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)在建設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前,需經(jing)過(guo)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)質(zhi)勘(kan)(kan)查,其目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)是為(wei)了避(bi)免不(bu)良地(di)(di)質(zhi)區(qu)(qu)域以及地(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害多發(fa)地(di)(di)段(duan),繼(ji)而(er)保(bao)證整體施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量與安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。然而(er)目(mu)(mu)前,由于我國針對(dui)高速(su)公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)建設(she)尚未提(ti)出(chu)科學、完善的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)機制,因此(ci)(ci)也談(tan)不(bu)上在此(ci)(ci)基礎上給(gei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)添加相應的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監控措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),最(zui)終給(gei)現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)帶(dai)來了極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患。對(dui)此(ci)(ci),相關(guan)部(bu)門應盡快出(chu)臺(tai)相應的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)機制,而(er)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位則需結(jie)合施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)勘(kan)(kan)測報告(gao)與項目(mu)(mu)規劃設(she)計方案,在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)狀況做(zuo)出(chu)準確的(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)估[3]。在此(ci)(ci)過(guo)程(cheng)中,需根據施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)分段(duan)的(de)(de)現(xian)狀,對(dui)每一個(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)分段(duan)按極(ji)危、危險(xian)、一般、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)四(si)個(ge)級(ji)別(bie)進行安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)狀況級(ji)別(bie)劃分,進而(er)根據其不(bu)同的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)級(ji)別(bie)采取有(you)針對(dui)性的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。若施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)區(qu)(qu)域必(bi)經(jing)地(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害多發(fa)地(di)(di)段(duan),如(ru)泥石(shi)流(liu)多發(fa)區(qu)(qu)域、落(luo)石(shi)區(qu)(qu)域等(deng),其相關(guan)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)應格(ge)外關(guan)注周邊地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)降(jiang)水情況,一旦發(fa)生(sheng)大(da)范圍降(jiang)水可能(neng)會遇到出(chu)現(xian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患的(de)(de)情況,要及時組(zu)織現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)停止(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)并帶(dai)領其撤離到安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)域。此(ci)(ci)外,需加強對(dui)現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li),如(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)使用、爆(bao)破作(zuo)業等(deng),避(bi)免因操作(zuo)不(bu)當而(er)導致安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事故(gu)的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。

1.3認真做好施(shi)工質量監控

為確保云(yun)(yun)梧(wu)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)建設(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),凡(fan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)所需(xu)材料都應(ying)進(jin)行統(tong)一采(cai)(cai)購,并由采(cai)(cai)購部門檢驗合(he)格后方可(ke)投入生(sheng)產。高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)控(kong)工(gong)(gong)作應(ying)額外關(guan)注以下幾點:一是(shi)確保每個施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)段(duan)至(zhi)少有一名質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理員,專職負責項目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)檢查工(gong)(gong)作。關(guan)于項目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)檢查,主要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括檢驗建筑材料質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、驗收施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等。其中(zhong),做(zuo)好對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)材料的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢查工(gong)(gong)作將(jiang)是(shi)影響施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵;二是(shi)針對云(yun)(yun)梧(wu)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)不同的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)段(duan)制定符合(he)路(lu)(lu)段(duan)特征的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制要(yao)(yao)點文(wen)件,文(wen)件中(zhong)應(ying)具體標(biao)明該路(lu)(lu)段(duan)建設(she)指標(biao)、標(biao)準以及(ji)控(kong)制要(yao)(yao)點等各方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),如針對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)段(duan)的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),現場(chang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員必須按照設(she)計圖紙的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)來(lai)組織施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),且在實際的(de)(de)操作過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),務必做(zuo)到規范(fan)操作,在避(bi)免發(fa)生(sheng)安全事故的(de)(de)同時保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)建設(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

2無(wu)線遠程監控系統的應用

2.1設計方(fang)案(an)的(de)執行(xing)

將遠程無(wu)線監控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)運用到項(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程中,能(neng)(neng)對整(zheng)個(ge)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)流程以及(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)執行情況進(jin)行全方(fang)(fang)位的(de)(de)監控(kong)(kong),通(tong)過(guo)(guo)監控(kong)(kong),能(neng)(neng)實時了解到施(shi)(shi)工(gong)步(bu)驟是否(fou)嚴格按照(zhao)既定的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)案(an)進(jin)行,施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)(fang)式是否(fou)符合(he)圖紙(zhi)的(de)(de)設計(ji)要求等。此外(wai),通(tong)過(guo)(guo)遠程無(wu)線監控(kong)(kong)系統(tong),還(huan)能(neng)(neng)及(ji)時發現施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場的(de)(de)違規(gui)操作(zuo)行為,方(fang)(fang)便相關管理(li)人(ren)員及(ji)時進(jin)行查(cha)(cha)證與(yu)審核,避免因違規(gui)操作(zuo)而影響(xiang)了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程的(de)(de)安全與(yu)整(zheng)體工(gong)程的(de)(de)質量。與(yu)此同時,相關管理(li)人(ren)員還(huan)可通(tong)過(guo)(guo)遠程無(wu)線監控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)的(de)(de)錄像回放功能(neng)(neng),有選擇性(xing)的(de)(de)對一些重點路段與(yu)工(gong)序進(jin)行重點排(pai)查(cha)(cha),以確保這些路段的(de)(de)工(gong)序與(yu)質量均能(neng)(neng)達(da)到預期的(de)(de)標準(zhun)。

2.2對施(shi)工人(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)安全行為的控(kong)制(zhi)

相(xiang)關單位在開展(zhan)安全(quan)生產與施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)程中,需(xu)(xu)加強對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)安全(quan)行(xing)為控制,對(dui)(dui)(dui)此,無線(xian)遠程監(jian)控系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)引進便能(neng)良好地滿足(zu)這(zhe)一要求(qiu)。利用無線(xian)遠程監(jian)控系(xi)統中的(de)(de)(de)遠程監(jian)控技術,無需(xu)(xu)專門(men)安排現(xian)(xian)場(chang)監(jian)督人(ren)員,通(tong)過(guo)調(diao)整攝像頭的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度便可直(zhi)接觀察(cha)到現(xian)(xian)場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作是否存(cun)在不(bu)規(gui)范之處,有效減少了(le)人(ren)工(gong)成本,并且(qie)能(neng)增(zeng)強安全(quan)生產以(yi)及施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)實效[4]。此外(wai),通(tong)過(guo)監(jian)控所觀察(cha)到的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員違(wei)規(gui)操(cao)作行(xing)為,也(ye)等(deng)同于對(dui)(dui)(dui)其安全(quan)違(wei)規(gui)行(xing)為進行(xing)了(le)錄像取證,同樣,現(xian)(xian)場(chang)質量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題也(ye)有相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)視頻(pin)留(liu)證。這(zhe)些視頻(pin)或圖(tu)像不(bu)僅可作為日后管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)參考(kao),也(ye)可作為安全(quan)教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)培訓資料。

3結束語

針對高速公路(lu)工(gong)程項目的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)與(yu)建設,其安(an)全隱患(huan)通常存(cun)在于施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)各個(ge)細節,管理人(ren)員(yuan)稍有疏忽便可能發生安(an)全事(shi)故(gu)。因此,針對高速公路(lu)工(gong)程項目的(de)(de)安(an)全生產管理必須提出更加嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)管理標準,以確保管理工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)有效落實,進而為施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)生命以及工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)提供有力的(de)(de)保障。

參考文獻

[1]王高青(qing).浙江省高速公路養護安全生產管理體系研究(jiu)[D].西安:長安大(da)學,2013

[2]王鑫嶠.吉林省高速公(gong)路(lu)安(an)全(quan)生產監管研究[D].長春:吉林大學,2012

[3]費國新,萬宏雷,溫玉莎(sha).江蘇省高速公路建(jian)設安(an)全生產(chan)監管評價指(zhi)標體系的構建(jian)[J].現代(dai)交通(tong)技術,2011,(4):83-86