導(dao)語：如何(he)才能寫(xie)好一篇(pian)鐵路(lu)安全(quan)管(guan)理(li)的問題與對策，這就(jiu)需要搜集整理(li)更(geng)多的資(zi)料和文(wen)獻，歡迎(ying)閱讀(du)由公(gong)務員(yuan)之(zhi)家(jia)整理(li)的十篇(pian)范文(wen)，供你借鑒(jian)。

篇1

關鍵詞：鐵路工程；安全管理；問題；對策

中圖分類號：F530文獻標識碼(ma)： A 文章編號：

近(jin)年來(lai)，隨著我國(guo)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)運(yun)輸的(de)(de)(de)跨越式發(fa)展戰略的(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)以(yi)及(ji)拉動內需策(ce)略的(de)(de)(de)推進，各地區鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建設(she)如(ru)火(huo)如(ru)荼。在(zai)(zai)惡劣氣候條件(jian)和(he)地理條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)影響下，施(shi)工(gong)難度增加，加之(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)現場安(an)全防護工(gong)作(zuo)不到位，安(an)全隱患突(tu)增，因(yin)而(er)安(an)全生產形勢依(yi)然(ran)嚴(yan)峻，重(zhong)大人(ren)員(yuan)傷(shang)亡事故時有發(fa)生。因(yin)而(er)必須重(zhong)視(shi)安(an)全管理，嚴(yan)防問題(ti)發(fa)生。 一、鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)工(gong)程建設(she)安(an)全管理存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)

（1）施工(gong)企業安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)思想(xiang)觀(guan)念淡薄(bo)。現在很多(duo)鐵路施工(gong)企業各級(ji)管理人員安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)思想(xiang)觀(guan)念比較淡薄(bo)，大(da)多(duo)數只(zhi)是停(ting)留在口(kou)頭上、停(ting)留在形式(shi)上，匯報開(kai)會時(shi)說起(qi)來很重要，實際工(gong)作時(shi)忙起(qi)來就忘掉。一方(fang)面表(biao)現在有的企業對(dui)增(zeng)加安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)措施、增(zeng)加安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)經費等意識不強，抱著僥幸(xing)的心理；另(ling)一方(fang)面表(biao)現在有些單位(wei)對(dui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)工(gong)作采(cai)取聽其自然(ran)、敷(fu)衍(yan)了事(shi)的態(tai)度(du)，認為發生安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)事(shi)故只(zhi)是偶然(ran)因素，沒必要小題(ti)大(da)做(zuo)。

（2）違章(zhang)在施工過程中(zhong)層(ceng)出不窮。縱觀所有(you)鐵路(lu)(lu)施工中(zhong)的(de)(de)事故(gu)，特別是(shi)專用線事故(gu)，經分(fen)析(xi)后發(fa)現，大部分(fen)事故(gu)都有(you)著基本相(xiang)同的(de)(de)原(yuan)因：施工管理人員和作業人員違反規章(zhang)制度，沒有(you)熟練(lian)掌握(wo)操作技術(shu)和方法，導(dao)致(zhi)線路(lu)(lu)承(cheng)受能(neng)力超載(zai)，使線路(lu)(lu)強度下降，直接引起了事故(gu)的(de)(de)發(fa)生。

（3）安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)制度(du)(du)滯后且不(bu)落(luo)實(shi)。隨著我國鐵路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)高速發(fa)展(zhan)，近幾年來涌現(xian)出很(hen)多(duo)(duo)新(xin)(xin)技術、新(xin)(xin)情況(kuang)和新(xin)(xin)問題，各種安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)制度(du)(du)也應隨之(zhi)修訂更新(xin)(xin)。而現(xian)實(shi)情況(kuang)是(shi)(shi)大多(duo)(duo)數安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)制度(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)落(luo)后于(yu)實(shi)際(ji)需要，有的(de)(de)(de)甚至出現(xian)空白現(xian)象。（4）涉(she)及(ji)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)門準備工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)足，之(zhi)間配合較差。由于(yu)鐵路(lu)營(ying)業(ye)線(xian)施工(gong)是(shi)(shi)一項復雜的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)較大的(de)(de)(de)站場改造和樞紐的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)，涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)非常多(duo)(duo)，任何一個單(dan)位(wei)和部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)準備工(gong)作(zuo)沒有做到位(wei)，都會影響(xiang)到整個安(an)全(quan)(quan)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)順利進行。往(wang)往(wang)一個環節(jie)出錯，都會誤導之(zhi)后所有的(de)(de)(de)環節(jie)，影響(xiang)工(gong)作(zuo)進程，給(gei)施工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)帶來了隱患。

二(er)、建議(yi)采取(qu)的(de)(de)對策（1）加強細(xi)節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)安全措施(shi)。臨近既有線鐵(tie)路施(shi)工(gong)，由于涉及既有線行(xing)車(che)安全，安全施(shi)工(gong)尤為重要(yao)。安全施(shi)工(gong)既要(yao)注重宏(hong)觀的(de)(de)把握，同時也要(yao)注意微觀的(de)(de)細(xi)節(jie)(jie)問題，如果細(xi)節(jie)(jie)處(chu)理(li)不(bu)(bu)好，很有可能會(hui)影響既有線鐵(tie)路行(xing)車(che)安全及整個(ge)工(gong)程的(de)(de)質量和進度(du)，甚至會(hui)給(gei)將來的(de)(de)使用埋下隱患。因(yin)此施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)安全管理(li)不(bu)(bu)能回避(bi)細(xi)節(jie)(jie)等小問題，要(yao)有實事求是的(de)(de)精神(shen)，著(zhu)手于細(xi)微處(chu)，確保整項(xiang)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程萬無一失。

（2）加強勞務隊伍管理，消除安全管理薄弱環節。勞務工是通信線路施工中的主體，同時也是安全管理的薄弱環節。很多事(shi)故(gu)都是(shi)由(you)于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)操(cao)作不規范引發的(de)，因此勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)管理決不可懈怠。目前多數(shu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)人員(yuan)文化程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)較低(di)，人員(yuan)流動性大，安(an)(an)全(quan)觀(guan)(guan)念相對淡(dan)薄，這(zhe)是(shi)客觀(guan)(guan)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)現實。施工(gong)(gong)企業除了對勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)做好(hao)必要的(de)崗前安(an)(an)全(quan)培(pei)訓，還(huan)必須要做好(hao)穩定(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)隊伍(wu)，維護勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)根本利益(yi)兩個(ge)方面的(de)工(gong)(gong)作才能實現安(an)(an)全(quan)生產。穩定(ding)隊伍(wu)首先(xian)是(shi)要在(zai)(zai)選擇勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)隊伍(wu)的(de)時候挑選講信用、具有(you)一(yi)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)作經驗(yan)的(de)隊伍(wu)進行合作。其次是(shi)在(zai)(zai)合作過程(cheng)(cheng)中要給予勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)人特(te)別的(de)關心，幫助他們解(jie)決工(gong)(gong)作和生活中的(de)難題。

（3）建立施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查責任制(zhi)度。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量監(jian)理(li)公司、鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸安(an)全(quan)監(jian)管人(ren)(ren)員、鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位三者要明確責任，各司其(qi)職，各負(fu)(fu)其(qi)責。首先是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量監(jian)理(li)單(dan)位如(ru)果發(fa)現施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中有(you)不符合質量標準或者存(cun)在(zai)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患的，應該立即向(xiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位提出整(zheng)改意見。其(qi)次是(shi)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸安(an)全(quan)監(jian)督(du)人(ren)(ren)員一(yi)旦發(fa)現存(cun)在(zai)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患的，有(you)權要求鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業立即停止施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。如(ru)果鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位和企(qi)業不停止施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行整(zheng)頓，發(fa)生的一(yi)切安(an)全(quan)事故由鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位承擔后果。對因監(jian)督(du)不力造成的行車事故，由鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸安(an)全(quan)監(jian)督(du)人(ren)(ren)員承擔負(fu)(fu)責。

（4）施工前嚴格做好各項準備工作。要順利的完成施工任務確保運輸安全，做好施工前的準備工作是前提條件，施工企業要制定合理的施工程序和施工技術，在施工前要對參加作業的所有相關人員進行專題培訓，必須弄清楚作業中的疑點，絕不帶著問題上崗作業。鐵路(lu)運輸企業也應當制定施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間(jian)的(de)運輸組織辦法和運輸事故的(de)應急處理預案，可以成立(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)協(xie)調領導小組。所有在營業線(xian)路(lu)上施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)單位和企業都必須與鐵路(lu)運輸企業簽(qian)訂保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)協(xie)議，明(ming)確雙(shuang)方的(de)責(ze)任與義務，雙(shuang)方對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)關鍵內容要詳細核對(dui)，確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中的(de)安(an)全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)準(zhun)確無(wu)誤。

（5）完善(shan)臨近(jin)既有(you)線鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)制(zhi)度。隨著鐵路(lu)設(she)備不(bu)斷(duan)地變化以及施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)進(jin)步(bu)，原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些舊的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準和(he)規(gui)(gui)范已(yi)經不(bu)適合(he)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)章應當依據臨近(jin)既有(you)線施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況及施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝進(jin)行(xing)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)修改(gai)，以保(bao)(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)安全(quan)(quan)。總之，鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)是(shi)鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要工(gong)作(zuo)內容，安全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)到位與否，直(zhi)接決定既有(you)線行(xing)車安全(quan)(quan)及施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)度和(he)質(zhi)量。在實際(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)中，我(wo)們必(bi)須落實各(ge)項預防措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立合(he)理(li)(li)有(you)效(xiao)地管理(li)(li)制(zhi)度，加(jia)強各(ge)項工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督管理(li)(li)，給(gei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)創(chuang)造(zao)一個良好安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境，保(bao)(bao)障員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命安全(quan)(quan)，促進(jin)我(wo)國鐵路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)事業的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速、穩定發(fa)展。

參考文獻：[1] 任國華.鐵路施工安全存在的問題及對策[J].山(shan)西(xi)：山(shan)西(xi)科技，2007(4)[2] 黃剛.鐵路施工安全(quan)機制研究[D].北京(jing):國家圖書館電子(zi)數(shu)據庫，2003（8）

[3] 李洪峰,單(dan)葆(bao)國;淺談工程施工項目成本管(guan)理[J];山東電(dian)力技術;2005（3）

篇2

【關鍵(jian)詞】鐵(tie)路(lu)施工；安全管理；問題；對(dui)策

鐵路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)的絕對(dui)(dui)安全(quan)(quan)關系(xi)著(zhu)國家(jia)和人民的生命(ming)財產安全(quan)(quan)，鐵路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)質(zhi)量(liang)的高低，鐵路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)是否安全(quan)(quan)，對(dui)(dui)鐵路(lu)運輸安全(quan)(quan)情況和鐵路(lu)運輸秩序的維(wei)持情況都有著(zhu)重要影響(xiang)。因此(ci)必須針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)鐵路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)中的問題對(dui)(dui)其進行(xing)嚴格管理(li)，建立(li)一整(zheng)套(tao)專門的行(xing)之有效的施(shi)工(gong)安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)措(cuo)施(shi)，并(bing)確保落實到位。

1、鐵路(lu)施工(gong)安全管理中存在的問題(ti)

近些年，鐵(tie)路(lu)事(shi)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)可謂方興未艾(ai)，隨著發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)勢頭越來(lai)越強，威脅鐵(tie)路(lu)安(an)全(quan)的問題(ti)也(ye)層出不窮并日益顯現(xian)，也(ye)時常發(fa)(fa)生鐵(tie)路(lu)施工(gong)傷亡事(shi)故。從這些鐵(tie)路(lu)安(an)全(quan)事(shi)故中，我們也(ye)在總結(jie)當前鐵(tie)路(lu)施工(gong)安(an)全(quan)管理中存在的一系列問題(ti)，大致體現(xian)在一下幾個方面(mian)：

1.1安全意識淡薄(bo)

安全管理，意識先行，鐵(tie)(tie)路施(shi)工(gong)安全作(zuo)為鐵(tie)(tie)路安全管理的(de)(de)重要組成部分，必須(xu)(xu)在意識上引起(qi)相關人(ren)員(yuan)足夠的(de)(de)重視。鑒于鐵(tie)(tie)路施(shi)工(gong)安全綜合性(xing)、復雜性(xing)、系統性(xing)的(de)(de)特點(dian)，以及鐵(tie)(tie)路建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)本身投資大、工(gong)期長、時間(jian)緊、人(ren)員(yuan)分散的(de)(de)特征，施(shi)工(gong)單位必須(xu)(xu)樹(shu)立(li)安全責(ze)任重于天的(de)(de)思想，提高安全意識， 并針對鐵(tie)(tie)路施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)特點(dian)明確責(ze)任劃分，勤于管理，避免責(ze)任疊(die)加產(chan)生互相推(tui)諉(wei)的(de)(de)弊端(duan)，不(bu)管是(shi)(shi)管理人(ren)員(yuan)、施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)以及配合單位，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)監管部門都要擔起(qi)各(ge)自(zi)責(ze)任，樹(shu)立(li)安全意識。否則極易發生安全事(shi)故，后果(guo)難(nan)以預料。

1.2管理環節薄弱

近些(xie)年，我國對(dui)鐵路施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)基礎管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)越(yue)來越(yue)重視(shi)，給與(yu)了更多(duo)的(de)(de)投入，也提出了更高(gao)的(de)(de)要求。盡管(guan)(guan)如此(ci)，我國鐵路施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)環節仍然比(bi)較薄弱，主要原因還是實(shi)行建設項(xiang)目管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)時間較短，理(li)(li)(li)論體系(xi)不夠(gou)成熟，實(shi)踐(jian)方面還沒(mei)(mei)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)成效(xiao)，缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)健全的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)。舉例說明，一些(xie)建筑企業為降低勞(lao)動力(li)成本，用人偷工(gong)(gong)減料，管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人員往(wang)往(wang)一人身兼數職(zhi)，由于人的(de)(de)技術特長存(cun)在差異，個人精力(li)也有(you)限，就造(zao)成一些(xie)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)崗位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作不能完(wan)成。再如，有(you)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)對(dui)安全生產(chan)方面的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)重視(shi)，缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)安全生產(chan)的(de)(de)監督，甚(shen)至為減少部(bu)門設置，不設立安全監察(cha)機構。還有(you)一些(xie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)之前(qian)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)做好緊急(ji)預案，對(dui)安全事故的(de)(de)發生缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)充分的(de)(de)準備工(gong)(gong)作，管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不到(dao)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，以致于開工(gong)(gong)以后出現緊急(ji)事故難以應對(dui)。

1.3人員素質偏低(di)

鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)具有綜合(he)性(xing)、復(fu)雜性(xing)、系(xi)統性(xing)的(de)(de)特點，需要管理部門、勘探(tan)部門、安(an)全部門、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)部門各個部門的(de)(de)合(he)作，涉(she)及到人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)整體素(su)質(zhi)的(de)(de)高(gao)低關乎到整個工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)好壞。盡管近(jin)些(xie)年鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)在提高(gao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)素(su)質(zhi)方(fang)面下了(le)很(hen)大(da)力氣(qi)和(he)心血(xue)，但(dan)成效(xiao)不佳。在鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)行業中，仍然(ran)缺(que)乏高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)人(ren)才，尤(you)其(qi)是缺(que)乏身兼(jian)技術、管理、法律(lv)知識的(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)型(xing)人(ren)才。但(dan)是沒有人(ren)才也得開(kai)工(gong)(gong)，畢竟鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程現今(jin)面臨工(gong)(gong)程量大(da)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)任務多，時(shi)間又緊迫的(de)(de)形(xing)勢。這(zhe)(zhe)種情況下，一(yi)些(xie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)開(kai)始招募缺(que)乏系(xi)統的(de)(de)安(an)全生產與技能培訓的(de)(de)民工(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)民工(gong)(gong)充斥在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍，導(dao)致了(le)隊伍整體素(su)質(zhi)偏低。

1.4施工(gong)質量不達標

當今鐵(tie)路工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設進行得(de)如火如荼(tu)，為了利益需求(qiu)，一些施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)只(zhi)求(qiu)速度(du)(du)而忽略了質(zhi)(zhi)量，不按安全管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)制(zhi)度(du)(du)和程序施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量不合(he)(he)格。盡管(guan)(guan)項(xiang)目經(jing)理(li)(li)部發(fa)現(xian)了現(xian)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)自檢(jian)(jian)、互(hu)檢(jian)(jian)、交接(jie)檢(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)不達(da)標(biao)，但是由(you)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)水平不一，整體素質(zhi)(zhi)偏低(di)，也很難將管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)標(biao)準對應到所有(you)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)身上，發(fa)現(xian)了問(wen)題(ti)也不易解決。同時，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)違章(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)問(wen)題(ti)也比較(jiao)突出，違章(zhang)指揮、違規(gui)操(cao)作是造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti)的(de)罪魁禍首。再者，由(you)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料、設備設施(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)類數量繁(fan)多，資料控(kong)制(zhi)很難全面(mian)化(hua)，導致(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)測出現(xian)漏洞。此外，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)監管(guan)(guan)力(li)(li)度(du)(du)不夠，致(zhi)使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti)的(de)最后一道防線被打破，有(you)些施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)監管(guan)(guan)人(ren)員(yuan)缺(que)乏責任心，有(you)些業務水平低(di)下難以發(fa)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)，有(you)些缺(que)乏與施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)有(you)效配合(he)(he)，這些都導致(zhi)了對鐵(tie)路施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)監管(guan)(guan)力(li)(li)度(du)(du)不足，安全隱患難以避(bi)免(mian)。

2、解決鐵路施工安全管理問題的對策(ce)

不容(rong)置疑，鐵(tie)路施工(gong)安全(quan)已成為(wei)制約鐵(tie)路運輸(shu)發展的制約性(xing)因素。對(dui)此，要針對(dui)鐵(tie)路施工(gong)安全(quan)管理(li)中(zhong)存在著一(yi)系列問題，采取相應(ying)的對(dui)策(ce)來解決。

2.1加(jia)強對施工安全的認識

在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)實踐中(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定要牢固樹立“安(an)(an)全(quan)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)觀念(nian)，加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)教育并強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化各級(ji)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)作的(de)(de)認識，使大家充分(fen)認識到保障施(shi)工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)才能創造最大的(de)(de)效(xiao)益，防止一(yi)(yi)(yi)些施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員為了效(xiao)率而忽(hu)視質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)問題(ti)。在(zai)對(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些重點(dian)鐵(tie)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)時(shi)，鐵(tie)路(lu)部門必須(xu)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)與組織(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)確保安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)基礎上，抓(zhua)妤施(shi)工(gong)和(he)運(yun)輸(shu)，使各方(fang)面工(gong)作都(dou)得以順(shun)利進(jin)行。另外，施(shi)工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)組織(zhi)(zhi)必須(xu)對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)計劃、施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案(an)、安(an)(an)全(quan)措施(shi)進(jin)行嚴格(ge)審定和(he)檢查(cha)，從而有(you)效(xiao)落(luo)實各項安(an)(an)全(quan)措施(shi)巡查(cha)，全(quan)面總結施(shi)工(gong)情況，掌(zhang)握施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)度，維護施(shi)工(gong)期(qi)問的(de)(de)運(yun)輸(shu)秩序。

2.2健全施工管(guan)理(li)體制

施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位是鐵路建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，承擔著主(zhu)要的(de)(de)質量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)責任(ren)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業應(ying)當根據相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)法律法規，修(xiu)訂、完(wan)善已有(you)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)操作(zuo)規程(cheng)、作(zuo)業標(biao)準(zhun)，消除各(ge)(ge)種安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患，從而建(jian)立行之(zhi)有(you)效的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理流(liu)程(cheng)和以(yi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產責任(ren)制為(wei)中心的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，形(xing)成(cheng)目標(biao)、任(ren)務、職責、流(liu)程(cheng)、權限互相(xiang)協調配合的(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)整體(ti)(ti)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)_前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是否(fou)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)是確(que)保(bao)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)務能否(fou)順利進行的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)運輸部門(men)、設(she)備(bei)(bei)接管(guan)運營方(fang)等都(dou)要做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)充(chong)分的(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)，檢查(cha)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)情況與例會有(you)關要求的(de)(de)落實事宜。還要和各(ge)(ge)部門(men)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)協調配合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，提高整體(ti)(ti)配合意識，確(que)保(bao)整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 進度(du)和質量，確(que)保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)。科學(xue)、精(jing)心編制施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)汁(zhi)劃，從源頭控(kong)制各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)是加強(qiang)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃的(de)(de)執行和作(zuo)業情況的(de)(de)掌握程(cheng)度(du)，并跟蹤落實好(hao)(hao)每項(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，確(que)保(bao)按時完(wan)成(cheng)；二是嚴格落實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)預案制度(du)，并不(bu)斷(duan)完(wan)善預案，細化各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)預案，進一(yi)(yi)步抓好(hao)(hao)夜間(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)，確(que)保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)。

2.3提高施工人員整體素質(zhi)

在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理過程中，要充(chong)分(fen)謝動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員的(de)積極(ji)性(xing)(xing)，培養他(ta)們(men)對(dui)上(shang)作認真負(fu)責的(de)態度。主要做好以下兒(er)項上(shang)作：首先要對(dui)現有的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍進行資質審查(cha)，不符合安全規定的(de)及時(shi)凋(diao)整和清退，同時(shi)嚴格把好施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)招聘關。二是對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員進行思(si)想道德、政治素養和職業道德教育，使他(ta)們(men)充(chong)分(fen)認識到施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理的(de)重要性(xing)(xing)，增強其工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作責任(ren)心(xin)和紀律性(xing)(xing)。三(san)是盡可能地(di)結合崗(gang)位要求和個人(ren)特長(chang)分(fen)配工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，發揮每(mei)個人(ren)的(de)特長(chang)，提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作效率和管(guan)理效率。四是開展經常性(xing)(xing)的(de)培訓(xun)活(huo)動(dong)，有計劃、按標準地(di)對(dui)管(guan)理及相關人(ren)員進行培訓(xun)，提高他(ta)們(men)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能。

2.4加強質(zhi)量管理

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)會直接(jie)影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)效益。為保證項目(mu)的(de)(de)有序進行，要(yao)拋棄把(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)相對立(li)的(de)(de)片面觀念，建立(li)科學、完善的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)體(ti)系。包(bao)括：質(zhi)量(liang)經營發展戰略(lve)的(de)(de)有效制訂，質(zhi)量(liang)經營戰略(lve)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)合(he)理(li)(li)實施(shi)(shi)等。安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)需要(yao)全(quan)(quan)(quan)員的(de)(de)參與配(pei)合(he)，從而確保最短的(de)(de)時問安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)地完成最大工(gong)(gong)(gong)作量(liang)。要(yao)明確責任界限，凡因配(pei)合(he)不(bu)到位造成設備受損的(de)(de)，由設備管理(li)(li)單(dan)位負責并(bing)(bing)追究有關領導責任。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位還要(yao)對嚴(yan)格按照規(gui)定進行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)并(bing)(bing)有突出表現的(de)(de)人員，要(yao)給(gei)予相應的(de)(de)獎勵，同時也激勵其他人員不(bu)弄(nong)虛作假且嚴(yan)格按要(yao)求施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，從而更大程度上保障施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。

3、結語

綜上所述(shu)，鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施工(gong)安(an)全(quan)是線路(lu)運(yun)輸安(an)全(quan)的(de)重要組(zu)成部分(fen)，所以，鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)部門一定要對施工(gong)安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題高度重視。文章著重分(fen)析了當前我國鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施工(gong)安(an)全(quan)管理(li)中存在的(de)問(wen)題，進而提(ti)出了解決問(wen)題的(de)對策，以提(ti)高鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施工(gong)安(an)全(quan)管理(li)水平，推動鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)事業進一步發展。

參考文獻：

篇3

【關(guan)鍵(jian)詞】高(gao)速鐵路；施工安全；發展方向

中圖分類(lei)號： U238 文獻標(biao)識碼： A

隨著我國社會經濟以(yi)及(ji)科學(xue)技術的(de)不(bu)斷發展(zhan)，我國鐵路(lu)事業(ye)得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)突飛猛進(jin)(jin)的(de)發展(zhan)，鐵路(lu)的(de)總(zong)里(li)程數(shu)也在不(bu)斷地延長，鐵路(lu)的(de)質量也得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)不(bu)斷地提升(sheng)(sheng)，尤其是在運(yun)速(su)(su)方面得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)不(bu)斷地提升(sheng)(sheng)，并朝著高(gao)速(su)(su)化的(de)方向發展(zhan)。但是，當前在高(gao)速(su)(su)鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中存在諸(zhu)多的(de)問(wen)(wen)題，為了(le)(le)提升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)速(su)(su)鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性，實(shi)現鐵路(lu)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)運(yun)營，對高(gao)速(su)(su)鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)問(wen)(wen)題及(ji)其成因進(jin)(jin)行分(fen)析與(yu)(yu)研究，對高(gao)速(su)(su)鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理的(de)策略進(jin)(jin)行研究與(yu)(yu)探討具有(you)非常重大的(de)意義。

1.高速(su)鐵路施工中(zhong)的問(wen)題及其成因

1.1施(shi)工(gong)前準備(bei)不足

對(dui)(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路尤其是對(dui)(dui)高速(su)(su)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路進行施工(gong)(gong)是一(yi)項非常(chang)系(xi)統性的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程，高速(su)(su)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路不(bu)僅對(dui)(dui)信號定(ding)(ding)位、路線測定(ding)(ding)以及通(tong)訊傳(chuan)輸有(you)著較為嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)準備(bei)、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路設計(ji)、部(bu)門協作等各方位以及各環節的(de)(de)鏈接與(yu)配合也有(you)著非常(chang)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求[1]。如果在施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過程中有(you)某一(yi)環節或(huo)者某一(yi)部(bu)位出現了問題，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路施工(gong)(gong)就(jiu)將會延遲竣工(gong)(gong)，有(you)時還(huan)有(you)可能發生危(wei)機事故(gu)事件，出現一(yi)系(xi)列的(de)(de)安全問題，從(cong)而在時間與(yu)經濟方面造成(cheng)不(bu)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)浪費，對(dui)(dui)我國鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路整體性安全運營造成(cheng)重(zhong)大影響(xiang)。因此(ci)，對(dui)(dui)高速(su)(su)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路進行施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)時候，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)施工(gong)(gong)前的(de)(de)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作。

1.2較多的計(ji)劃變更(geng)

現(xian)(xian)階段，很多(duo)高速鐵路(lu)內部對項目進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)，普遍存在鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)規模性(xing)比(bi)(bi)較大，但是工(gong)期(qi)卻不(bu)夠寬松比(bi)(bi)較緊張，有時(shi)還(huan)會出現(xian)(xian)許多(duo)臨時(shi)任務突擊的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象，使(shi)得在落實階段性(xing)或者月(yue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)時(shi)必須接受高難度的(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰，必須時(shi)常對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)進(jin)行調(diao)動與(yu)調(diao)整[2]。而(er)且，在實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中，需要牽(qian)涉(she)到(dao)比(bi)(bi)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)部門(men)，但是各部門(men)之間的(de)(de)(de)聯系性(xing)與(yu)協作性(xing)不(bu)是非(fei)常緊密，信(xin)息不(bu)能及時(shi)地展開交流(liu)，也就使(shi)得施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)無法與(yu)新(xin)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)相(xiang)符合，對整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)造成了(le)巨大的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。此外，受地形以及天氣、氣候(hou)(hou)等(deng)客觀因素的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)與(yu)制約，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)也必須做出適時(shi)適地的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)更與(yu)調(diao)整[3]。

1.3沒有足夠的(de)施工保障(zhang)

現場監控(kong)、人員(yuan)組織、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、應急預(yu)案等是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)保障中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組成部(bu)(bu)分。從(cong)具體上來看，對(dui)(dui)高(gao)速鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)行管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候沒有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學性(xing)(xing)，更沒有與之(zhi)相適應的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)機制，高(gao)技能、高(gao)素質管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人才稀缺(que)、硬(ying)件性(xing)(xing)保障得不(bu)(bu)到(dao)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)響應、不(bu)(bu)能及時(shi)地對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序進(jin)(jin)行安(an)(an)排、不(bu)(bu)能夠全(quan)方位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整或者定位(wei)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)信息以(yi)(yi)及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)計劃，使得各個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)(bu)門之(zhi)間(jian)沒有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調性(xing)(xing)，造成在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環節中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)能實現有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈接性(xing)(xing)[4]。在常(chang)規性(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方面(mian)，對(dui)(dui)具體問(wen)題進(jin)(jin)行處理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候還有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)措施(shi)，但是對(dui)(dui)具有特(te)(te)殊(shu)性(xing)(xing)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)事故特(te)(te)別(bie)是在預(yu)防客觀性(xing)(xing)事故中(zhong)，受(shou)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)及管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗與技能制約，沒有較為完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)應急預(yu)案設(she)施(shi)，為整個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)埋下了較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)隱患。

1.4仍有違(wei)章施(shi)工的現(xian)象存(cun)在

對鐵路(lu)尤其是(shi)高速鐵路(lu)進行施(shi)工(gong)的(de)時(shi)候，一(yi)定要嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)各項規章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)度展開工(gong)作，但是(shi)在(zai)不(bu)少施(shi)工(gong)現場，很多鐵路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業為了獲(huo)取更大的(de)經濟利益，仍舊存在(zai)違章(zhang)(zhang)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)現象[5]。此外，管(guan)理人員與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)人員不(bu)按照(zhao)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)規章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)度工(gong)作等也是(shi)違章(zhang)(zhang)施(shi)工(gong)現象存在(zai)的(de)一(yi)大非常重要的(de)原因。

2.高速鐵(tie)路施工安全(quan)管理(li)的策(ce)略

2.1提升施工(gong)安全(quan)管理(li)的(de)網絡(luo)化、信息化以及自(zi)動化水平(ping)

隨著(zhu)鐵路(lu)事業的(de)不斷(duan)發展(zhan)，對(dui)(dui)鐵路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)以及施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)標準有(you)了更高(gao)的(de)要求。因(yin)此，在高(gao)速鐵路(lu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)養護(hu)維修方面，必(bi)(bi)須相應的(de)增加資金(jin)，對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)養護(hu)維修進(jin)行強有(you)力的(de)保障。此外(wai)，為(wei)了提升(sheng)線路(lu)狀況的(de)動態監測水(shui)平，必(bi)(bi)須對(dui)(dui)計算(suan)機通信與(yu)(yu)(yu)監控(kong)技術進(jin)行充(chong)分的(de)利用，對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)的(de)信息(xi)系統進(jin)行開發與(yu)(yu)(yu)利用[6]。這樣(yang)，就(jiu)必(bi)(bi)須通過對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)的(de)網絡化、信息(xi)化以及自(zi)動化水(shui)平提升(sheng)之后，使得(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織現(xian)場的(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)可以與(yu)(yu)(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃緊密結合(he)，從而對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)模式進(jin)行創新。

2.2堅持安全(quan)第(di)一的生(sheng)產理念

鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)工企業中的(de)各級領導(dao)必須(xu)充分認識到(dao)施(shi)工工作在整個高速鐵(tie)路(lu)安全(quan)穩定中的(de)重要(yao)性，必須(xu)對行車(che)安全(quan)的(de)重要(yao)性進行保障(zhang)。無論是(shi)(shi)各級領導(dao)還是(shi)(shi)管理(li)人員與施(shi)工人員，必須(xu)牢(lao)(lao)牢(lao)(lao)地(di)樹立并堅持安全(quan)第一的(de)生產(chan)理(li)念(nian)，對施(shi)工安全(quan)進行有效地(di)保障(zhang)。

2.3對施工計劃進行科學(xue)的(de)編(bian)制(zhi)與嚴格的(de)審判

對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)編(bian)制與審(shen)判的時候，要(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)安(an)全協(xie)議以(yi)(yi)及施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案進(jin)(jin)行(xing)認真地審(shen)查(cha)，并對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)精心的編(bian)制，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)預(yu)備(bei)會制度進(jin)(jin)行(xing)嚴格(ge)地落實。可以(yi)(yi)通過提前召(zhao)開(kai)(kai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)預(yu)備(bei)會的形式，將預(yu)想的空間(jian)最大限度地放大，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)預(yu)案進(jin)(jin)行(xing)完善，從而(er)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場的監控力度進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)增強，保障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)以(yi)(yi)及行(xing)車(che)的安(an)全性。此外，還要(yao)做好較為充分的調研工(gong)作，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)底數(shu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)摸清，并采取謀劃(hua)(hua)超前與科學(xue)優化(hua)的措施(shi)(shi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各項施(shi)(shi)工(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)精心的安(an)排，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各項運輸方(fang)案進(jin)(jin)行(xing)科學(xue)合理的調整，并對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各項組(zu)織預(yu)案進(jin)(jin)行(xing)細化(hua)，從而(er)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)順利展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)安(an)全進(jin)(jin)行(xing)保障(zhang)，確(que)保施(shi)(shi)工(gong)與運輸都可以(yi)(yi)在計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)內如期開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

3.結語

綜(zong)上所述，當(dang)前，我(wo)國鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)已(yi)經經過了多次提速(su)(su)，而且正朝著高速(su)(su)化(hua)的(de)(de)方向發展，高速(su)(su)鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)數量也在(zai)不(bu)斷的(de)(de)增加。但是在(zai)高速(su)(su)鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)施工中仍舊存在(zai)著不(bu)少的(de)(de)問題(ti)，存在(zai)較多的(de)(de)安全隱(yin)患。因此，對高速(su)(su)鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)施工中的(de)(de)問題(ti)及(ji)其成因進(jin)行分(fen)析與研究，對高速(su)(su)鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)施工安全管(guan)理的(de)(de)策(ce)略進(jin)行研究與探討(tao)具有非常重大(da)的(de)(de)意義。

【參考文獻】

[1]李寶明.加強鐵路(lu)施工安全(quan)管理的對策(ce)探討[J]鐵道運輸與經(jing)濟(ji)2011（06）：72-75.

[2]李勇輝，劉仍奎，方圓，湯(tang)國(guo)(guo)防(fang).鐵路局施工安全管理信(xin)息(xi)系統的研究與設計[J]中國(guo)(guo)安全科學學報2007（05）：122-126.

[3]張瑞華.淺(qian)談如何(he)做好高(gao)速鐵路(lu)的施工安全管理工作[J]四川建材2010（06）：286-287.

[4]任志賓.如(ru)何(he)加強鐵路施工安全管理工作[J]科技致富(fu)向導2013（06）：124.

[5]林堅.風險預警(jing)機制(zhi)在鐵路施(shi)工(gong)安(an)全管理的(de)應用[J]中國高新技術企業2013（05）：142-145.

篇4

[關(guan)鍵(jian)詞]鐵路運輸(shu) 安(an)全 問題

[中圖分(fen)類(lei)號(hao)]F53

[文獻標識碼]A

[文章編號]1672-5158（2013）05—0255—01

引言

鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)是(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)系(xi)統的(de)核(he)心目標，是(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)一(yi)切(qie)工作(zuo)的(de)前提(ti)和保障。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)必須(xu)始終堅持將安(an)全(quan)(quan)工作(zuo)擺在(zai)首位。近年來(lai)，隨著鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)的(de)大規模建設和廣泛提(ti)速，并且運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)生產(chan)力布(bu)局調整，給鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理帶來(lai)了諸多挑(tiao)戰，對鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)提(ti)出(chu)了更高的(de)要求。目前，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)形(xing)勢波動較(jiao)大，重大、特大事故常有發生，與我國經濟的(de)快速發展極其不適應。

1鐵路運輸安(an)全工(gong)作存在的不足

我國鐵路安全面臨巨大的壓力，形(xing)勢十(shi)分嚴(yan)峻(jun)。根據(ju)調(diao)查，有(you)以(yi)下幾個方(fang)面的表現：

（1）快(kuai)速的工(gong)業化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)給(gei)鐵路(lu)運輸造成沉重的壓力

我(wo)國在逐步實(shi)現工業化(hua)、大力(li)推進信(xin)息化(hua)、加(jia)快實(shi)施現代化(hua)的(de)進程(cheng)中，工業，特別(bie)是重(zhong)工業發展加(jia)快，危險貨物的(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸量(liang)不斷增加(jia)，潛在的(de)安全隱患增多。同時，城(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)帶動了大量(liang)農村富余(yu)勞動力(li)流向城(cheng)市(shi)，地區之(zhi)間(jian)、城(cheng)市(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)人員交流頻繁，鐵路運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸的(de)客流量(liang)顯著增加(jia)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸負荷較重(zhong)，鐵路運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)線(xian)長期(qi)處于(yu)緊張狀態。

（2）地質災(zai)害頻繁造成眾多事故

我國地(di)形(xing)復雜(za)，氣候(hou)多(duo)(duo)變，近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來的災害較多(duo)(duo)，如洪水、地(di)震、山(shan)體滑坡造(zao)成路(lu)基坍(tan)塌(ta)、橋梁斷裂、線路(lu)中斷。這給鐵路(lu)運輸(shu)安(an)全造(zao)成重大隱(yin)患。自青藏鐵路(lu)運營來，如何保證在高(gao)寒缺氧、生態脆弱(ruo)、多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)凍土、雷電頻繁、常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)風沙下穩定安(an)全的運行，也(ye)是鐵路(lu)安(an)全工(gong)作的一個難題。

（3）管理體(ti)制改革給運輸安全帶來諸多(duo)挑戰

自2005年鐵(tie)道部實(shi)施全路(lu)撤銷鐵(tie)路(lu)分局，實(shi)施鐵(tie)路(lu)局直管(guan)站段體(ti)制(zhi)和(he)運輸生產力布(bu)局大范(fan)圍調整以來，安全基礎(chu)建(jian)設要(yao)(yao)不斷深化，新(xin)體(ti)制(zhi)下的安全管(guan)理體(ti)系要(yao)(yao)逐步建(jian)立和(he)完善，新(xin)的安全檢(jian)查監督(du)制(zhi)度(du)要(yao)(yao)盡快建(jian)立和(he)健全，這些(xie)都是新(xin)的命題，需要(yao)(yao)在實(shi)踐中不斷摸索。

（4）管理人員責任(ren)意識淡薄、管理水(shui)平低下

我國鐵路安全管(guan)理的信息化水平不(bu)夠，在很大(da)程度(du)上仍然依賴于安全管(guan)理工(gong)作人員的工(gong)作態(tai)度(du)和(he)業務能力。當(dang)管(guan)理人員責任意識(shi)淡薄，存在得過且過的思想(xiang)時，安全工(gong)作隱患重(zhong)重(zhong)。

2.鐵(tie)路運輸安全影響因素分析

2.1鐵路運輸中“人”的影(ying)響分析

鐵路運輸系(xi)統(tong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)子系(xi)統(tong)中的“人(ren)(ren)”是指作(zuo)為(wei)工作(zuo)主體的人(ren)(ren)（操作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)或決策(ce)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)）。在(zai)整個(ge)(ge)運輸生產的組織和(he)(he)指揮，運輸設備(bei)的操縱和(he)(he)管理，規章制(zhi)度的制(zhi)定和(he)(he)執行(xing)，作(zuo)業計劃的擬(ni)定和(he)(he)下達，以及環境的適應和(he)(he)優化，都要靠人(ren)(ren)來完成，人(ren)(ren)在(zai)整個(ge)(ge)鐵路運輸系(xi)統(tong)中起(qi)著(zhu)主導(dao)作(zuo)用。

2.2鐵路運輸中“機”的(de)影響分析

鐵(tie)路運(yun)輸系統(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)“機”是(shi)指人(ren)昕控制的(de)(de)一切對象（設(she)備(bei)(bei)或生產過(guo)程）的(de)(de)總稱，如鐵(tie)路行車(che)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)線(xian)路、車(che)站、機車(che)車(che)輛、通信信號等。鐵(tie)路運(yun)輸存在的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)種類(lei)多、數量大、整體性強(qiang)、延伸面廣，配置分(fen)散(san)、連續運(yun)轉(zhuan)、沖(chong)擊劇烈(lie)、自然(ran)力(li)影響大、設(she)備(bei)(bei)有形損(sun)耗嚴重，運(yun)用(yong)中設(she)備(bei)(bei)監(jian)控難度大、故障處(chu)理時間(jian)緊等不利因素。

2.3鐵路運輸中“環(huan)境”的影響分析(xi)

鐵路運(yun)輸系(xi)統環(huan)境子系(xi)統是(shi)由(you)自(zi)然環(huan)境、社會環(huan)境和(he)作業(ye)環(huan)境三個要素構成(cheng)的，由(you)于(yu)人(ren)和(he)機(ji)總(zong)是(shi)處于(yu)特定的環(huan)境中(zhong)工(gong)作，環(huan)境不斷地對人(ren)和(he)機(ji)產生著各種(zhong)影(ying)響，進(jin)而(er)影(ying)響著運(yun)輸安(an)全(quan)。

3.鐵路運輸安全管理舉措

從目前隋(sui)況來看，在實施安全管理(li)過程中需要準確把握(wo)以(yi)下幾個(ge)重點(dian)。

（1）建立高效、完善(shan)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理體制(zhi)，落實安(an)全(quan)監管(guan)的(de)(de)責任

要針對鐵路(lu)(lu)快速(su)發展的(de)實際(ji)，認(ren)真(zhen)分析當前安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理上(shang)存在的(de)問題，結合實際(ji)，制(zhi)(zhi)定切實可行(xing)的(de)、具有超(chao)前思(si)維的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理體系(xi)、機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，不斷完善安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理體系(xi)和機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，進而把握安(an)全(quan)(quan)主動性(xing)，向路(lu)(lu)內、路(lu)(lu)外提供可靠的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)保證。

（2）預防為主，提高預警，完善(shan)安(an)全監管的考核評(ping)價機制

要(yao)(yao)堅持“預防為主(zhu)，提高(gao)預警”的原則，將(jiang)安全(quan)事故防患于未然，扼殺于萌芽。通過建立合(he)理(li)有效的安全(quan)監(jian)管考核(he)(he)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，逐級開展(zhan)安全(quan)監(jian)管職責(ze)的履行情(qing)況(kuang)的考核(he)(he)，從而促進(jin)安全(quan)責(ze)任的有效落實。要(yao)(yao)健全(quan)和(he)完(wan)善安全(quan)監(jian)管考核(he)(he)評價機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。

（3）依法構建社會(hui)公眾和(he)地方(fang)政府參與鐵路運輸(shu)安全監(jian)管(guan)的途徑(jing)和(he)制度

鐵(tie)路(lu)運輸(shu)安(an)全關系到沿線人民(min)群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)財產和生命安(an)全，社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)公眾(zhong)有(you)對安(an)全保護(hu)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)知情權和監管(guan)(guan)權。如發現(xian)有(you)危害鐵(tie)路(lu)運輸(shu)安(an)全的(de)(de)行為，應該(gai)向監管(guan)(guan)機(ji)構或者政府部門報告，鐵(tie)路(lu)部門應該(gai)依法接受(shou)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)公眾(zhong)對其(qi)安(an)全工作(zuo)的(de)(de)監督。

（4）轉變(bian)干部工作作風(feng)，提高員(yuan)工業務素質

領導干部要(yao)轉變工(gong)作作風、不(bu)搞形式主義，確保(bao)每項(xiang)工(gong)作落到實(shi)處。從實(shi)際出發，完善、補強安全管(guan)理體系，并做到適用、可操作。要(yao)認真研(yan)究各個崗(gang)位(wei)、作業環節(jie)的(de)關鍵(jian)點(dian)，同時對關鍵(jian)點(dian)實(shi)施有效的(de)對策措施。要(yao)堅(jian)持具體問(wen)題具體分(fen)析的(de)原則，對待(dai)不(bu)同時期、不(bu)同情(qing)況要(yao)把(ba)握方向，不(bu)能一一概(gai)而(er)論，避免(mian)走(zou)向兩個極端。

同時，要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)業務(wu)學習，對職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)業務(wu)進行(xing)有計劃、分步驟定期培訓考(kao)試，使職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)業務(wu)素(su)質穩步提(ti)升。并且，要(yao)堅持優(you)勝劣(lie)汰原則(ze)，通過競爭(zheng)上崗、職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)評(ping)議等各個方面綜合評(ping)定職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)，實現優(you)勝劣(lie)汰，增強(qiang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)危機感，促進職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)業務(wu)素(su)質提(ti)高強(qiang)化其(qi)安全意識。

4.總結

安(an)(an)全(quan)是鐵(tie)路(lu)運(yun)輸永恒的(de)主題。在(zai)激烈的(de)市場競爭(zheng)環境(jing)下(xia)(xia)，鐵(tie)路(lu)要(yao)取(qu)得并(bing)保持(chi)其(qi)(qi)優勢，就必須在(zai)改善(shan)服務質量和保證(zheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)上下(xia)(xia)功夫，其(qi)(qi)中安(an)(an)全(quan)是基本(ben)前提。我(wo)國鐵(tie)路(lu)運(yun)輸雖面臨一些(xie)新的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，并(bing)在(zai)工作(zuo)中存在(zai)不足(zu)，但(dan)鐵(tie)路(lu)系統自(zi)上而下(xia)(xia)的(de)工作(zuo)及改革不可磨滅(mie)。本(ben)文針(zhen)對(dui)鐵(tie)路(lu)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)和建(jian)議，可以為鐵(tie)路(lu)安(an)(an)全(quan)運(yun)營提供一定(ding)的(de)參考。

參考文獻

篇5

【關鍵字】：鐵路工程安全管(guan)理(li)的(de)重(zhong)要性安全管(guan)理(li)的(de)策略

中圖分類(lei)號(hao)(hao)： X731 文獻標識碼(ma)： A 文章(zhang)編號(hao)(hao)：

隨著(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟(ji)的(de)飛速(su)發(fa)展，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)鐵(tie)(tie)路事(shi)業也達到了一個(ge)新(xin)高(gao)度，尤(you)其是近幾年來一大(da)批的(de)專線、動(dong)車、高(gao)鐵(tie)(tie)施(shi)(shi)工在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)范圍內廣泛開展。而這也同(tong)時讓(rang)人不(bu)禁(jin)為鐵(tie)(tie)路施(shi)(shi)工安(an)(an)全(quan)擔憂。鐵(tie)(tie)路施(shi)(shi)工安(an)(an)全(quan)是線路運輸安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)重要組成(cheng)部分(fen)(fen)，所以，鐵(tie)(tie)路部門一定要對施(shi)(shi)工安(an)(an)全(quan)問題(ti)(ti)高(gao)度重視。本文著(zhu)重分(fen)(fen)析了當前我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)鐵(tie)(tie)路施(shi)(shi)工安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理中存在(zai)的(de)問題(ti)(ti)，進而提出了解決問題(ti)(ti)的(de)對策，以提高(gao)鐵(tie)(tie)路施(shi)(shi)工安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理水平，推動(dong)鐵(tie)(tie)路事(shi)業進一步發(fa)展。

一、鐵(tie)路工程及其(qi)安(an)全隱患

鐵(tie)(tie)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)在鐵(tie)(tie)路上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)土木工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)都(dou)可以稱為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，同時也(ye)(ye)修建鐵(tie)(tie)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)階段。鐵(tie)(tie)路是(shi)運輸道路上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)交通要(yao)道，鐵(tie)(tie)路也(ye)(ye)是(shi)人們在出行(xing)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交通方式，據1980年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統計，中(zhong)國鐵(tie)(tie)路承擔(dan)著(zhu)全(quan)(quan)國貨(huo)物周(zhou)轉(zhuan)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%左(zuo)右，旅客周(zhou)轉(zhuan)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%左(zuo)右。所以可想而(er)知鐵(tie)(tie)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing)，在建設(she)鐵(tie)(tie)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)任由這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)安全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)埋(mai)藏在鐵(tie)(tie)路建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)下面(mian)，那就會功虧一(yi)簣，是(shi)整個(ge)鐵(tie)(tie)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)成為(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)廢棄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金與建設(she)鐵(tie)(tie)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間成為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)泡影，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)時間與金錢就會浪費(fei)在一(yi)個(ge)廢棄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)面(mian)。所以鐵(tie)(tie)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)中(zhong)，鐵(tie)(tie)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)是(shi)非常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)，鐵(tie)(tie)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)存(cun)在很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)。像一(yi)些(xie)在施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇上(shang)，可能選(xuan)擇了(le)(le)違(wei)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)；在一(yi)些(xie)可能發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)災的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)救援(yuan)上(shang)，發現滅火(huo)器并(bing)(bing)不能使(shi)用；在通電的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，出現了(le)(le)電路違(wei)規，電箱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓋(gai)子丟失(shi)等一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。在鐵(tie)(tie)路施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，如果并(bing)(bing)不把這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)安全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)放在心上(shang)，從而(er)出現了(le)(le)各種(zhong)各樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題像是(shi)2011年(nian)所發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吉林(lin)23億的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)因為(wei)(wei)安全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)而(er)停(ting)止施工(gong)，為(wei)(wei)我們敲響了(le)(le)警(jing)鐘。

安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)行為和(he)不(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要途(tu)徑，是(shi)(shi)消除(chu)事(shi)故隱患(huan)(huan)，落實整改措施，防止事(shi)故傷害(hai)，改善勞動條(tiao)件的(de)(de)重(zhong)要手(shou)段，各(ge)級安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)組織必(bi)(bi)須對(dui)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)，各(ge)方位的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)狀(zhuang)況進行檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)，發(fa)現(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)因素必(bi)(bi)須果斷的(de)(de)消除(chu)，不(bu)(bu)留一(yi)絲隱患(huan)(huan).安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)重(zhong)點是(shi)(shi)勞動條(tiao)件、機械設(she)備、現(xian)(xian)場管理(li)、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)衛生(sheng)設(she)施以及人(ren)的(de)(de)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態(tai)。通過(guo)查(cha)(cha)(cha)思(si)想、查(cha)(cha)(cha)管理(li)、查(cha)(cha)(cha)制度、查(cha)(cha)(cha)現(xian)(xian)場、查(cha)(cha)(cha)隱患(huan)(huan)、查(cha)(cha)(cha)事(shi)故處理(li)、是(shi)(shi)使安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)自始至終貫穿在(zai)整個施工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中

二、鐵路工程安全管(guan)理的重要(yao)性

目(mu)前(qian)，還(huan)有(you)很多施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業都(dou)受到(dao)統(tong)建(jian)設理(li)念的(de)(de)制約，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位招投標(biao)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)只注重投標(biao)價(jia)，沒(mei)有(you)將(jiang)企(qi)業安(an)全生產信譽與(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設準入條件完全掛(gua)鉤，使(shi)一些(xie)技能素質(zhi)水平不(bu)高的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位進入到(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)，給工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)全施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)埋下了極(ji)大的(de)(de)隱患。此(ci)外，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現場(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，還(huan)有(you)少數建(jian)設單位管理(li)人員對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)全生產認識深度(du)和廣(guang)度(du)不(bu)夠，沒(mei)有(you)加大監管力度(du)，缺乏與(yu)其它參建(jian)單位的(de)(de)相互協作和監督，出現了監而不(bu)管的(de)(de)現象，給工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)的(de)(de)安(an)全帶來(lai)巨大威脅

在(zai)(zai)(zai)2011年發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吉(ji)林23億的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)因為安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)而停止施(shi)工(gong)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)設上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個反面教材(cai)，就連(lian)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)人都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)說如果(guo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)成，自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)敢做(zuo)這(zhe)個列(lie)車。這(zhe)說明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)發現不(bu)了(le)所(suo)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)。這(zhe)些(xie)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)些(xie)是(shi)(shi)浮在(zai)(zai)(zai)表面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如果(guo)連(lian)浮在(zai)(zai)(zai)表面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)都(dou)不(bu)去解決(jue)又談何(he)用心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)去找出(chu)潛藏(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)呢。在(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設上(shang)，是(shi)(shi)應該腳踏(ta)實地(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)完成，而偷工(gong)減(jian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，不(bu)僅對整個鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)無法(fa)交(jiao)代(dai)，也對于選擇這(zhe)個鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人無法(fa)交(jiao)代(dai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設中應該在(zai)(zai)(zai)遇到存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題上(shang)就加以(yi)改進，是(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)消(xiao)除，而對于那些(xie)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)浮在(zai)(zai)(zai)表面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)，就應該細(xi)心(xin)地(di)(di)尋(xun)找他們(men)，來解決(jue)這(zhe)些(xie)藏(zang)起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中如果(guo)出(chu)現了(le)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)，當(dang)事情發生(sheng)時(shi)不(bu)僅損(sun)(sun)失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)產(chan)，可能(neng)損(sun)(sun)失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)幾(ji)十(shi)、幾(ji)百、甚至是(shi)(shi)幾(ji)千同胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性命。所(suo)以(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)時(shi)不(bu)要有(you)任何(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)，要做(zuo)到百分(fen)之的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認真(zhen)與嚴謹。只有(you)認識到了(le)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性，才會(hui)用心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)除這(zhe)些(xie)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)。

三(san)、安全管理的策略

在(zai)(zai)鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)有很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策(ce)略才(cai)可(ke)免除(chu)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前根據鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)經(jing)(jing)常(chang)(chang)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題做(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)總結，積累在(zai)(zai)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題，對于這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題一(yi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行商討，找出(chu)(chu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)解決這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案(an)在(zai)(zai)開始施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。并且(qie)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前，給工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)進(jin)行會(hui)(hui)議召(zhao)開，提(ti)醒他們(men)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)遇(yu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題，并告訴(su)他們(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)如何(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解決這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)每(mei)一(yi)個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)段安(an)排一(yi)個有經(jing)(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)遇(yu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題可(ke)以(yi)(yi)向有經(jing)(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)請教，這(zhe)(zhe)樣才(cai)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不會(hui)(hui)有任何(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強集體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)合(he)，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部門互相配(pei)(pei)合(he)才(cai)會(hui)(hui)完成一(yi)個好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)完成一(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設之(zhi)后，要(yao)(yao)(yao)有有經(jing)(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)多次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查，不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)多次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查才(cai)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)現不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題，才(cai)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)現隱(yin)(yin)(yin)藏(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題，這(zhe)(zhe)樣才(cai)可(ke)將隱(yin)(yin)(yin)藏(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)找出(chu)(chu)來。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)簽訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賞(shang)罰制度，如果(guo)是(shi)某個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)段發(fa)現了安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)(yin)患(huan)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)懲罰這(zhe)(zhe)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。當然做(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也會(hui)(hui)有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獎(jiang)賞(shang)。當這(zhe)(zhe)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)系到(dao)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)能更加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認真去做(zuo)(zuo)這(zhe)(zhe)件事(shi)情。將這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)策(ce)略實行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，這(zhe)(zhe)個鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)管理一(yi)定會(hui)(hui)提(ti)高與加(jia)強。建設出(chu)(chu)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。

四.結束語

建筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)事故涉及的(de)(de)(de)面廣、突(tu)發性強(qiang)，因此在(zai)建筑工(gong)(gong)程現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)各階段(duan)，不僅(jin)要認(ren)識(shi)(shi)到(dao)安全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)必要性和(he)重要性，更要意識(shi)(shi)到(dao)安全(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場管(guan)理這(zhe)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)艱巨性和(he)長期性。建筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業應該提高思想認(ren)識(shi)(shi)，完(wan)善(shan)管(guan)理機制，具(ju)體落實到(dao)人(ren)(ren)到(dao)點等方(fang)面。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員也要增強(qiang)自身的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)意識(shi)(shi)，加(jia)大現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)監管(guan)力度，使工(gong)(gong)程能創造出更多的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。

參考文獻:

［1］孫曉慧，呂博．淺談建筑施工現場存在的(de)安(an)全隱患(huan)及(ji)應對(dui)措施．遼寧大學學報，2009年08期(qi)第45頁(ye)

［2］鄧清海(hai)．論我國(guo)的(de)建筑行業發(fa)展趨勢．城市(shi)建設(she)，2010年12期第97

篇6

關鍵詞：相關問題 鐵路施工 解決措施 安全(quan)管理(li)

鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程指鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)上的(de)(de)(de)各種土木工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。也指修建(jian)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)勘測設(she)計、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、養護(hu)、改(gai)建(jian)各階段所運用的(de)(de)(de)科學和技術。隨著我國(guo)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)事業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)飛速發展，在(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，發生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故也在(zai)不(bu)斷增(zeng)多，這不(bu)僅給(gei)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)帶來了(le)(le)巨(ju)大損失(shi)，而且也對(dui)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)今后(hou)運輸的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)埋下了(le)(le)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患，同時(shi)給(gei)企業(ye)帶來負面影響。目前，鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)日益凸顯，也受到了(le)(le)有(you)關部門的(de)(de)(de)高度重視和廣大人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)普遍關注。要想解(jie)決(jue)好鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)，就(jiu)必須加強鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，在(zai)現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術條件和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)基礎之(zhi)上，采用合理恰當的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，減少或杜絕施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故的(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)，從而保證國(guo)家和廣大人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命財產(chan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。

1、鐵(tie)路施工安全管理中存在的問題

1.1違(wei)章施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，在(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，存在(zai)普遍的(de)違(wei)章施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)現象，這(zhe)是項目施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)共有(you)難題(ti)，在(zai)對鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)事(shi)故進行分析(xi)之(zhi)后發現，由(you)于違(wei)章施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)事(shi)故占到(dao)了相(xiang)當大(da)的(de)比(bi)例，究其原因，主要就是由(you)于相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)和管理人(ren)員(yuan)，在(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，沒有(you)嚴格遵守有(you)關(guan)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)制度，相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)技術(shu)(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)也沒有(you)嚴格按(an)照(zhao)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)技術(shu)(shu)方法和標準(zhun)要求進行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)，這(zhe)些因素(su)都影(ying)響了鐵(tie)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)，導(dao)致鐵(tie)路(lu)線路(lu)在(zai)建設完(wan)成并(bing)投入使用后，線路(lu)強(qiang)度不(bu)(bu)夠，達不(bu)(bu)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)預期的(de)承載力(li)，從而引(yin)發各種事(shi)故。

1.2施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)部門(men)前(qian)(qian)期準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)足、單(dan)位間配合差。鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)如果(guo)沒有做好(hao)充(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，就會(hui)(hui)直(zhi)接影(ying)響到(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進程(cheng)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量，鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)涉(she)及到(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、設計和(he)(he)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)管等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)部門(men)和(he)(he)單(dan)位，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)涉(she)及到(dao)線路(lu)系統(tong)、通訊系統(tong)以及信號(hao)系統(tong)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)種設備(bei)(bei)(bei)，可以說(shuo)是(shi)是(shi)一項非常復雜又系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中，如果(guo)不(bu)能充(chong)分(fen)調(diao)試好(hao)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)，協調(diao)好(hao)單(dan)位和(he)(he)部門(men)，其中任(ren)(ren)何一個(ge)(ge)環(huan)節出(chu)(chu)現(xian)問題都會(hui)(hui)導致工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后續工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)能順利開展。且施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)做不(bu)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，還會(hui)(hui)在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中出(chu)(chu)現(xian)各種延誤事故。任(ren)(ren)何一個(ge)(ge)部門(men)如果(guo)沒有做好(hao)管理準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，都會(hui)(hui)導致后續單(dan)位無(wu)法正(zheng)常作(zuo)業，特別是(shi)在營業線的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，需要多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)參與，并且積極(ji)配合，任(ren)(ren)何一個(ge)(ge)單(dan)位出(chu)(chu)現(xian)問題，都會(hui)(hui)造成經濟(ji)和(he)(he)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)浪費(fei)，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)影(ying)響了工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)以及質量控制(zhi)，最終影(ying)響了鐵(tie)路(lu)運輸安全(quan)。

1.3施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)隨意(yi)調(diao)整(zheng)、變更(geng)(geng)。已經編制(zhi)完(wan)成(cheng)和落實的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)是不(bu)能(neng)進行隨意(yi)更(geng)(geng)改(gai)的(de)，一(yi)般工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)為了(le)節約成(cheng)本，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)安(an)排上(shang)一(yi)般都比較緊湊，若隨意(yi)調(diao)整(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)、增加施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內(nei)容(rong)，就會在很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度上(shang)增加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)，而且，鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)又(you)是非常復雜的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目，涉及到相當(dang)多的(de)部門、單位以及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備，所以在信息的(de)傳遞和交流(liu)方面就相對(dui)滯后，若不(bu)恰(qia)當(dang)的(de)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)進行調(diao)整(zheng)，隨意(yi)增加施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內(nei)容(rong)，就會導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中信息的(de)調(diao)整(zheng)不(bu)同步，安(an)全(quan)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)跟新的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)不(bu)同步，從而就會很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)事故發(fa)生(sheng)，增加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)。

2、加強鐵路施(shi)工安全(quan)管理的措施(shi)

2.1在鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前期嚴格(ge)做好準(zhun)(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。充(chong)分做好鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)準(zhun)(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，是(shi)保(bao)(bao)證工(gong)(gong)程順利完(wan)成施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)目標、確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)程運(yun)輸安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)條件，所以就要(yao)求施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)要(yao)提(ti)前制(zhi)定好合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程序(xu)，采(cai)取(qu)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)，在工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前，對(dui)(dui)所有(you)參加作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員進行相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓，搞清楚工(gong)(gong)程作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)疑(yi)點(dian)，嚴禁帶問(wen)題(ti)進行作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。同時，鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸企業(ye)也要(yao)針對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)運(yun)輸組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法以及可能出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)輸事(shi)故等(deng)，制(zhi)定合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應急處理(li)預案，成立領導小組，搞好施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)協調(diao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。另外，鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸企業(ye)還要(yao)同有(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)營(ying)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單位，簽訂(ding)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全協議，明確(que)(que)各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)義務(wu)與(yu)責(ze)任，同時對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵內容進行核對(dui)(dui)，確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)采(cai)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)安全措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)到位，保(bao)(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全。

2.2建立完善的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)監督檢(jian)查責(ze)任(ren)制。這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)鐵路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)同有(you)(you)關(guan)的對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量進(jin)行監理的公(gong)司(si)、進(jin)行鐵路(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸安(an)全(quan)(quan)監管的人(ren)員，各自明確其責(ze)任(ren)，各司(si)其職。若質(zhi)量監理公(gong)司(si)發(fa)現施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中存(cun)在(zai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)以及(ji)不符(fu)合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量標準的，要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)向鐵路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)提出相應的整(zheng)改措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同時(shi)，有(you)(you)關(guan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監理的人(ren)員一旦發(fa)現工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中存(cun)在(zai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)，也有(you)(you)權利要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)停止(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。如果(guo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)不能及(ji)時(shi)停止(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，對(dui)各種問題進(jin)行整(zheng)頓的話，那么之后發(fa)生的安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故(gu)則由(you)(you)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)后果(guo)，但是對(dui)于因監督不力(li)導致(zhi)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)事故(gu)，就要(yao)(yao)(yao)由(you)(you)有(you)(you)關(guan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監理的人(ren)員來(lai)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)其責(ze)任(ren)，另外，如果(guo)由(you)(you)于鐵路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)通(tong)質(zhi)量埋(mai)下(xia)的交(jiao)通(tong)事故(gu)隱(yin)患(huan)，引起交(jiao)通(tong)事故(gu)的，就要(yao)(yao)(yao)由(you)(you)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)和質(zhi)量監理公(gong)司(si)共(gong)同來(lai)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)責(ze)任(ren)。

2.3進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步強化(hua)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)各卑位和(he)部門(men)的整體配(pei)合。目前，在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)的鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)，存在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業與相關管理部門(men)“脫鉤”的現象，由于各方立場不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，所以對問(wen)題(ti)進(jin)行考慮的角度也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業通常(chang)(chang)重視在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)盡可能(neng)(neng)的減(jian)少一(yi)(yi)些不(bu)(bu)利(li)因素的影(ying)響，保(bao)(bao)(bao)證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方便(bian)，而對于鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸企業來(lai)說，則(ze)重點(dian)考慮減(jian)少施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)影(ying)響其(qi)正常(chang)(chang)運(yun)輸的因素，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸安全，因此，為了更(geng)好(hao)地滿足雙方企業的要求，就需要找(zhao)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)個平衡點(dian)，實現最優施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案。在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，要涉及到(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、設計、建設、監理、供電(dian)、電(dian)務(wu)(wu)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)(wu)、機務(wu)(wu)、車務(wu)(wu)等大量單(dan)位，這也(ye)(ye)需要各部門(men)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)(zai)統一(yi)(yi)指揮下(xia)，樹(shu)立保(bao)(bao)(bao)整體、促大局的意(yi)識(shi)，不(bu)(bu)隨意(yi)拖(tuo)延時間(jian)，嚴格按照有關規定完成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務(wu)(wu)，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以更(geng)加(jia)有序、安全地推(tui)進(jin)。

2.4完善(shan)經濟處(chu)(chu)罰(fa)(fa)制(zhi)度。為了(le)確保鐵路施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的安(an)全，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)與有關監理的單位(wei)不(bu)僅要簽訂安(an)全協(xie)議(yi)，還(huan)要在協(xie)議(yi)中明(ming)確相關的處(chu)(chu)罰(fa)(fa)標(biao)準和內容，在違反規定而造(zao)成的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)事故和安(an)全隱患問題上(shang)，要達成統(tong)一共識，經濟處(chu)(chu)罰(fa)(fa)制(zhi)度可(ke)(ke)以(yi)很好地約束(shu)各單位(wei)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)行為，從而可(ke)(ke)以(yi)減小施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)險，實(shi)現良好的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全管(guan)理。

3、結束語

總之，加強(qiang)鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)工中的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)管理工作，保障鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)工的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)，對鐵(tie)路(lu)在其運(yun)輸過程中的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)、維護鐵(tie)路(lu)正常的(de)(de)運(yun)輸秩序方面都具有重(zhong)要意義。在我國當前的(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)中，高速(su)旅客(ke)列車(che)同重(zhong)載(zai)貨物列車(che)存在嚴(yan)重(zhong)混跑的(de)(de)現象，且列車(che)的(de)(de)速(su)度快、運(yun)輸密(mi)度大，所(suo)以對鐵(tie)路(lu)線路(lu)質量和安(an)全(quan)就提(ti)出了更高要求(qiu)，鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)工直接影(ying)響著鐵(tie)路(lu)運(yun)輸組(zu)織，所(suo)以，要妥善處(chu)理好施(shi)工與(yu)(yu)安(an)全(quan)、監督(du)與(yu)(yu)配合、局部與(yu)(yu)整體的(de)(de)關(guan)系，確保鐵(tie)路(lu)施(shi)工可(ke)以順利(li)完成。

參考文獻：

[1]李寶明.加(jia)強(qiang)鐵路(lu)施(shi)工安全管理的對策探討「J].鐵道運輸與經濟，2011（06）

篇7

關鍵詞：鐵路;施工技(ji)術(shu);安(an)全管理(li);措(cuo)施

一、引言

受我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)地形地勢及其他社(she)會因素影(ying)(ying)響，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)主要交通運輸方式為鐵(tie)路運輸。目前我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)鐵(tie)路建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)事業(ye)發展迅速，并且根據(ju)人口變化(hua)以及經濟發展要求，鐵(tie)路建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)根據(ju)實際情況也作出了許(xu)多(duo)改善與(yu)變化(hua)發展，目前正在不斷投入(ru)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人力物力財力，以期待鐵(tie)路運輸建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。但(dan)是在鐵(tie)路建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)事業(ye)發展過(guo)程中(zhong)，也出現了許(xu)多(duo)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術與(yu)安(an)全管(guan)理方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。鐵(tie)路安(an)全管(guan)理工(gong)作能(neng)夠有效保證鐵(tie)路工(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量與(yu)安(an)全，對鐵(tie)路建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效益(yi)與(yu)社(she)會效益(yi)都有著重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響，因此，做好鐵(tie)路施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術與(yu)安(an)全管(guan)理工(gong)作是我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)鐵(tie)路事業(ye)更(geng)好更(geng)快更(geng)有效發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵工(gong)作。

二、鐵路施工技(ji)術與安全管理的意義

隨著(zhu)鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)事業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)發展，無論是(shi)(shi)對(dui)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)們工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)生(sheng)產還是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)活(huo)，鐵(tie)路這一交通方式都(dou)有著(zhu)極其重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，不斷(duan)滿足(zu)人(ren)(ren)們日(ri)益增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為人(ren)(ren)們日(ri)常生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一項重(zhong)(zhong)要交通運輸(shu)工(gong)具，鐵(tie)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運輸(shu)量(liang)較大，并且也(ye)適用于(yu)遠程運輸(shu)，給物流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通帶來了很大程度上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便利(li)。其次，鐵(tie)路運輸(shu)速度快，安(an)全(quan)(quan)性高，對(dui)人(ren)(ren)們生(sheng)活(huo)出行(xing)(xing)(xing)有著(zhu)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)保障，大大方便了人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常出行(xing)(xing)(xing)及旅游。鐵(tie)路對(dui)于(yu)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)線路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求較為嚴格(ge)，其運輸(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為與施工(gong)技(ji)術、安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系是(shi)(shi)十分密切相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci)，要保障鐵(tie)路運輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)及安(an)全(quan)(quan)性，必須要提(ti)高鐵(tie)路施工(gong)技(ji)術，對(dui)鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)各方面工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)提(ti)出安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理，通過安(an)全(quan)(quan)施工(gong)，來提(ti)高鐵(tie)路運輸(shu)各環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)與安(an)全(quan)(quan)性，保證整體工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)與效(xiao)率(lv)。

三、鐵路施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術與安全(quan)管理中存在(zai)的(de)問題

1.安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)不(bu)夠(gou)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)。就我(wo)(wo)國(guo)目(mu)前鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)事(shi)業發(fa)(fa)展狀況(kuang)來(lai)(lai)看，仍然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)許多(duo)問(wen)題。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)企業在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、方(fang)案(an)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)沒有(you)(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)嚴(yan)(yan)格全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，也(ye)(ye)沒有(you)(you)(you)嚴(yan)(yan)格根據鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各方(fang)面(mian)規范及(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)來(lai)(lai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制定(ding)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)從(cong)實際情況(kuang)出(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)，根據具(ju)體實際施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，來(lai)(lai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)具(ju)體規劃(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)指導，缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)實際意(yi)義(yi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)指導意(yi)義(yi)。并(bing)且對(dui)(dui)(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境也(ye)(ye)沒有(you)(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)具(ju)體分(fen)(fen)析，導致(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)危險(xian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辨識度(du)不(bu)高，監控(kong)(kong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)不(bu)到位，以(yi)至(zhi)于(yu)無(wu)法(fa)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)外作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)判(pan)斷，從(cong)而及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)制定(ding)策略，采取應對(dui)(dui)(dui)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就容(rong)易出(chu)(chu)現許多(duo)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)問(wen)題與(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)。2.施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)違章(zhang)現象。近年來(lai)(lai)，通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)(fen)析及(ji)(ji)(ji)總(zong)結，可以(yi)發(fa)(fa)現，許多(duo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)都(dou)是(shi)由(you)于(yu)違章(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，違章(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)其(qi)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)問(wen)題之(zhi)一。由(you)于(yu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)相(xiang)關(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)規章(zhang)制度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)忽(hu)視，或者一味注重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)，而忽(hu)視了(le)(le)(le)(le)其(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)建(jian)設(she)(she)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就使得(de)相(xiang)關(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)極易發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)違章(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)(xing)為。比如挖斷信號電(dian)纜(lan)，接觸網錯(cuo)送電(dian)等(deng)違章(zhang)現象，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些不(bu)按(an)照技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標(biao)準規范及(ji)(ji)(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為，給人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活(huo)都(dou)造(zao)(zao)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，對(dui)(dui)(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)產生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，降低(di)了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)效(xiao)(xiao)率，甚至(zhi)容(rong)易造(zao)(zao)成施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。3.應急預(yu)案(an)不(bu)夠(gou)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)一項重點(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)整個鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)都(dou)產生(sheng)極其(qi)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。因此，作(zuo)(zuo)為與(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)部(bu)門，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)高度(du)重視安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，嚴(yan)(yan)格按(an)照相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)文件及(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)法(fa)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)監督與(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監督，注重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)排調動，從(cong)各個方(fang)面(mian)嚴(yan)(yan)格進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。尤其(qi)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一系列問(wen)題及(ji)(ji)(ji)意(yi)外，更是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注重應急預(yu)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開啟(qi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。但是(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)目(mu)前鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，往往缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)嚴(yan)(yan)謹合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應急預(yu)案(an)，并(bing)且許多(duo)應急預(yu)案(an)缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈活(huo)性，沒有(you)(you)(you)根據具(ju)體實際情況(kuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規定(ding)來(lai)(lai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)操作(zuo)(zuo)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就導致(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)那些突(tu)(tu)發(fa)(fa)事(shi)件，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)采取措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應對(dui)(dui)(dui)避免，從(cong)而造(zao)(zao)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)許多(duo)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，增加了(le)(le)(le)(le)意(yi)外事(shi)故(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)(tu)發(fa)(fa)率。4.現場(chang)監控(kong)(kong)不(bu)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，現場(chang)監控(kong)(kong)是(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)環節(jie)，只有(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現場(chang)監控(kong)(kong)，通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)現場(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監督與(yu)(yu)(yu)實時(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，才能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)增強(qiang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)性。但是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，往往缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現場(chang)監控(kong)(kong)，許多(duo)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)員(yuan)缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)責任意(yi)識，往往懈怠(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)發(fa)(fa)現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，以(yi)至(zhi)于(yu)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)查(cha)看，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)實時(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)跟進(jin)(jin)(jin)檢(jian)查(cha)，導致(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許多(duo)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題都(dou)無(wu)法(fa)得(de)到及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)解決。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)僅僅降低(di)了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，也(ye)(ye)給鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期維(wei)護帶來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)許多(duo)困難(nan)。

四(si)、改(gai)善鐵路施工(gong)技術與安全管理(li)的措施

1.有(you)(you)針對(dui)(dui)性地制(zhi)定安(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術管理(li)措施(shi)(shi)。認(ren)真(zhen)對(dui)(dui)待鐵路(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)一個環節(jie)及(ji)(ji)流程(cheng)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)設(she)(she)計(ji)資料及(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)(an)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行有(you)(you)效審查，保證鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在準(zhun)確科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案(an)(an)下進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行。無論是(shi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)設(she)(she)計(ji)圖紙還是(shi)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地點及(ji)(ji)材料，都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)及(ji)(ji)處理(li)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)其施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術更要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格要(yao)(yao)(yao)求與管理(li)。首先是(shi)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)上(shang)，必須選擇(ze)(ze)專業性較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，經驗(yan)較為(wei)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；其次(ci)對(dui)(dui)待整個施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)，都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)認(ren)真(zhen)負(fu)責。根據實際情況(kuang)制(zhi)定一系列計(ji)劃與安(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)，保證鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效安(an)全(quan)(quan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種問題都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行及(ji)(ji)時報(bao)告，以便能夠(gou)有(you)(you)效解決(jue)。2.加(jia)強工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律意(yi)識(shi)(shi)與責任(ren)感(gan)。由于(yu)鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，極容易出現(xian)(xian)許(xu)多違章施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)象，因此，要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律意(yi)識(shi)(shi)，嚴格按照相(xiang)關(guan)規章制(zhi)度(du)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展；同(tong)時也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)感(gan)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)責任(ren)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)，互(hu)相(xiang)監督工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展，避免再(zai)次(ci)出現(xian)(xian)違章施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)象。3.制(zhi)定科學(xue)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應急預(yu)案(an)(an)。培(pei)養工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)管理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而根據實際鐵路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展，來制(zhi)定科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應急預(yu)案(an)(an)。不同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)階段所面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題也(ye)有(you)(you)所不同(tong)，因此，相(xiang)關(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)根據具體施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情況(kuang)可能出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題及(ji)(ji)意(yi)外進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行有(you)(you)效合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而降(jiang)低突(tu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)事(shi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)概率(lv)，有(you)(you)效應對(dui)(dui)突(tu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)突(tu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)事(shi)件，減(jian)少安(an)全(quan)(quan)事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。4.進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行現(xian)(xian)場(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)勘察。要(yao)(yao)(yao)不斷增強工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)與責任(ren)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)對(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)勘察的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性，加(jia)強現(xian)(xian)場(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展，以便及(ji)(ji)時發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)并解決(jue)問題。同(tong)時對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)流程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行有(you)(you)效跟進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，加(jia)強工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)檢查力度(du)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而減(jian)少事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)質量。

五、結語

鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)作(zuo)(zuo)為我(wo)國(guo)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)交通(tong)運輸工(gong)(gong)(gong)具，其安(an)(an)(an)全與(yu)質量(liang)直接影響到了(le)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)建設事(shi)業的(de)發展。因此，在鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與(yu)安(an)(an)(an)全管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)不容(rong)忽視。只有加(jia)強施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與(yu)安(an)(an)(an)全管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)開展，才(cai)能有效(xiao)保證鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全與(yu)質量(liang)，從(cong)而推動(dong)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)事(shi)業的(de)發展，提高經濟(ji)效(xiao)益與(yu)社會(hui)效(xiao)益。因此，要(yao)根據(ju)目前我(wo)國(guo)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中所存在的(de)問題，并(bing)對(dui)其進行分析與(yu)解(jie)決(jue)，有針對(dui)性地從(cong)多方面，多角(jiao)度提出施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與(yu)安(an)(an)(an)全管(guan)理措(cuo)施(shi)，來有效(xiao)解(jie)決(jue)一系列安(an)(an)(an)全問題，促(cu)進鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)運營的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全性，使鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)更好更快發展。

作者:黃成 單位(wei):中(zhong)交第(di)三航(hang)務工程局有限公司(si)

參考文獻：

篇8

我國鐵(tie)(tie)路系(xi)統(tong)信息(xi)建(jian)設是(shi)1個(ge)超大規模的(de)(de)政企(qi)合一(yi)的(de)(de)內部網(wang)絡。即鐵(tie)(tie)路總(zong)公(gong)司、鐵(tie)(tie)路局(ju)、主要(yao)鐵(tie)(tie)路站段共同擁有1個(ge)內部的(de)(de)計(ji)算機(ji)網(wang)絡。中國鐵(tie)(tie)路的(de)(de)信息(xi)技術應用自20世(shi)紀(ji)60年代以(yi)來，從簡單的(de)(de)單機(ji)應用，以(yi)18點報(bao)告為(wei)代表的(de)(de)統(tong)計(ji)項目，逐步發展到今天涉及全路各部門(men)，覆蓋(gai)車、機(ji)、工、電、輛、財務、統(tong)計(ji)和辦公(gong)等鐵(tie)(tie)路各系(xi)統(tong)。當前(qian)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路信息(xi)系(xi)統(tong)建(jian)設已進入(ru)飛速發展階段，但(dan)是(shi)信息(xi)安全系(xi)統(tong)建(jian)設卻一(yi)直處于(yu)滯(zhi)后狀態，并且存在(zai)許多(duo)隱患。由于(yu)各種原因造成的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)崩潰、中斷及非(fei)法進入(ru)等信息(xi)安全問題則更為(wei)突出(chu)。主要(yao)表現在(zai)以(yi)下幾(ji)個(ge)方面。

1.1缺乏(fa)上層(ceng)的(de)整體策略

主要體現在(zai)管(guan)(guan)理力度(du)不夠(gou)，政策的(de)執行(xing)和(he)監(jian)督力度(du)不夠(gou)，部分規(gui)定(ding)過分強調部門(men)的(de)自(zi)身(shen)特點(dian)，而忽(hu)略了在(zai)鐵路運輸的(de)大環境下(xia)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)特色。部分規(gui)定(ding)沒有準確地區分技術、管(guan)(guan)理和(he)法(fa)(fa)制之間的(de)關系，以(yi)管(guan)(guan)代法(fa)(fa)，用行(xing)政管(guan)(guan)理技術的(de)做法(fa)(fa)仍較(jiao)為普(pu)遍，造成制度(du)的(de)可操作性較(jiao)差。

1.2評估(gu)標準(zhun)體系有待完(wan)善

主(zhu)要表現在信(xin)息安全(quan)的(de)(de)需求難(nan)以確(que)定(ding)，要保(bao)護的(de)(de)對象和邊界難(nan)以確(que)定(ding)。缺乏系(xi)統的(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)信(xin)息安全(quan)風險評(ping)估和評(ping)價體系(xi)，以及(ji)全(quan)面(mian)完(wan)善的(de)(de)信(xin)息安全(quan)保(bao)障體系(xi)。

1.3信息安全意(yi)識(shi)缺乏(fa)

普遍存在重產品、輕服務，重技(ji)術、輕管理(li)的思想。

1.4安全措施建設滯(zhi)后

主要體現在網(wang)絡安全(quan)措施(shi)建設不夠健全(quan)。隨著(zhu)網(wang)絡技術的快速進步，網(wang)絡安全(quan)也在不斷(duan)地遇(yu)到新的挑戰，原來(lai)的安全(quan)措施(shi)已經不能滿(man)足現代網(wang)絡安全(quan)技術的需要。

1.5安全人才建設滯后

當前(qian)鐵路(lu)系統信息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員較多，已經初步(bu)形成了一支鐵路(lu)信息(xi)系統開發建設、運(yun)行維(wei)護的(de)(de)專業技(ji)術(shu)(shu)隊(dui)伍(wu)。但從事信息(xi)安全技(ji)術(shu)(shu)方面(mian)的(de)(de)人才還非常(chang)缺乏，特別(bie)是既懂(dong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)又懂(dong)管理(li)的(de)(de)復合型(xing)人才。

2加強信息安全的(de)重(zhong)要性和必要性

2.1信息安全的重要性

近(jin)年來(lai)，信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷推(tui)廣與應(ying)用推(tui)動了信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)基礎性(xing)(xing)、全(quan)局性(xing)(xing)以及全(quan)員性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷增(zeng)強(qiang)。鐵(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)輸組織、客貨(huo)服務(wu)(wu)、經營管(guan)理(li)(li)、建設(she)管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)障等(deng)(deng)對(dui)其依賴程度(du)越來(lai)越高，特別是隨著鐵(tie)路(lu)生(sheng)產(chan)與管(guan)理(li)(li)向(xiang)(xiang)著智能化(hua)和(he)(he)管(guan)控一體(ti)化(hua)方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)進一步發展，對(dui)網(wang)絡(luo)和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)提出了更高的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。由信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)引入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)風險也越來(lai)越大。網(wang)絡(luo)和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統一旦(dan)發生(sheng)問(wen)題，將(jiang)給(gei)鐵(tie)路(lu)生(sheng)產(chan)、服務(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)經營帶來(lai)重大威脅和(he)(he)損失，給(gei)鐵(tie)路(lu)形象造成不(bu)良影(ying)響。信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)已成為鐵(tie)路(lu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部分(fen)。鐵(tie)路(lu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統不(bu)僅包(bao)括(kuo)管(guan)理(li)(li)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統、信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)服務(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統，而(er)且還(huan)包(bao)括(kuo)生(sheng)產(chan)自動化(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統等(deng)(deng)。因此，信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)內容不(bu)僅是數據(ju)和(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統本身的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)，更重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是運(yun)(yun)行(xing)于(yu)(yu)網(wang)絡(luo)之上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)業務(wu)(wu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)，即保(bao)證業務(wu)(wu)應(ying)用系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)實時性(xing)(xing)、可靠性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)操作的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)可抵賴性(xing)(xing)。結合實際(ji)應(ying)用，就(jiu)是要(yao)確保(bao)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)于(yu)(yu)網(wang)絡(luo)之上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)車調度(du)指揮、列車運(yun)(yun)行(xing)控制、編組站綜合自動化(hua)等(deng)(deng)控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統，以及生(sheng)產(chan)實時管(guan)理(li)(li)、客票預訂和(he)(he)發售、貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)電子(zi)商務(wu)(wu)、12306客戶(hu)服務(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)業務(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。

2.2信息安全的(de)必要性

隨著信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)系(xi)統(tong)在鐵(tie)路(lu)應用范圍的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷擴大，功能的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷強大，網絡(luo)覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷延伸(shen)，開(kai)放性與互聯(lian)性的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷增(zeng)強，以及技術復雜性的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷提升，由于(yu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)網絡(luo)和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)系(xi)統(tong)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)陷、脆弱性以及來(lai)自(zi)內(nei)外部的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)威脅等所帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)日益凸現，而且(qie)日趨多(duo)樣化和(he)(he)復雜化。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式已不(bu)適應信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)障要求(qiu)，必須采(cai)取先進的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念和(he)(he)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)實質是(shi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。開(kai)展鐵(tie)路(lu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，就是(shi)運(yun)(yun)用科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)論、方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)工具，從風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估(gu)分析入手(shou)，識別(bie)潛在風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)，制定有效(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)和(he)(he)處置措施，加(jia)強安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)過程控(kong)制，強化應急處置，努力消除安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)或使風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)可能造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)后果(guo)降低到可以接受的(de)(de)(de)程度。加(jia)強信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)鐵(tie)路(lu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)系(xi)統(tong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)穩(wen)定運(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)在需要，是(shi)保(bao)障鐵(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)輸安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)正(zheng)常秩(zhi)序的(de)(de)(de)必然要求(qiu)，符(fu)合信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)特點，是(shi)做好信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)有效(xiao)手(shou)段。

3加強信息安(an)全管理對策

為應(ying)對(dui)日益嚴峻的(de)(de)信息安(an)全形勢所帶來(lai)的(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰，鐵路(lu)系統(tong)必須采取一系列的(de)(de)措施來(lai)提高信息管理水平。主要(yao)體現在(zai)以(yi)下幾(ji)個方面：

3.1端正信息安(an)全(quan)認識(shi)

如(ru)何(he)看待鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)(wen)題，實(shi)質(zhi)上是如(ru)何(he)看待鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)資(zi)產的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題，信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)化建設中的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)者應該認(ren)識到(dao)，與(yu)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)有形資(zi)產相比(bi)，信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)資(zi)產的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)和(he)發(fa)展有著更(geng)加重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)地位。而鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)防(fang)護，雖然(ran)不能直接參加鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)創造，但能間(jian)接地影響鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)水平，管(guan)理(li)(li)能力(li)(li)，影響鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)能力(li)(li)。在某些特(te)殊條(tiao)件(jian)下，甚至會影響鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)和(he)發(fa)展。因此(ci)，鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)者必須充分(fen)認(ren)識到(dao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性(xing)(xing)和(he)嚴峻(jun)性(xing)(xing)，從鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)戰略高度來看待信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)(wen)題，國(guo)內有關研(yan)究機構和(he)企業提出了“信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)治理(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)概念，即將信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)策略提升到(dao)和(he)企業發(fa)展策略相同的(de)(de)(de)地位，作為(wei)企業策略層的(de)(de)(de)1項重(zhong)要任務來實(shi)施，這個觀點(dian)在國(guo)外已經得(de)到(dao)廣泛實(shi)踐(jian)，值(zhi)得(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)借鑒(jian)。

3.2建立完善信息(xi)安全管(guan)理體(ti)制

在信(xin)息(xi)安(an)(an)全學界，人們經常會提到，對(dui)于信(xin)息(xi)安(an)(an)全防護(hu)，應(ying)該“三分(fen)(fen)技(ji)術，七分(fen)(fen)管(guan)(guan)理(li)”，這充分(fen)(fen)說明了管(guan)(guan)理(li)在鐵路系統信(xin)息(xi)安(an)(an)全防護(hu)中的重要性(xing)，明確自(zi)己的信(xin)息(xi)安(an)(an)全目標，建立完善、可操作性(xing)強(qiang)的安(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)理(li)體制，并(bing)嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行，這也是鐵路系統真正實現信(xin)息(xi)安(an)(an)全的重要環(huan)節。

3.3加大投入(ru)與提(ti)高人員(yuan)素質

安(an)全(quan)(quan)技術(shu)是(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎，高(gao)素質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)是(shi)實現鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保證，對(dui)于鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問題，必須加大(da)人(ren)員(yuan)、資金和技術(shu)投(tou)入(ru)力(li)度，科(ke)學配置(zhi)資源，達到(dao)投(tou)入(ru)和收益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳結合(he)。圍繞鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)目標和策略，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、科(ke)學地(di)進(jin)行軟硬件系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采購和建(jian)設，要(yao)重點(dian)加強信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)人(ren)員(yuan)資源素質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養和提(ti)高(gao)，在信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)防護體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設和實踐(jian)中，不僅要(yao)利用傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補動防護技術(shu)，同時也要(yao)引入(ru)主動防護技術(shu)。此外根據實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務，可以引入(ru)PKI技術(shu)、VPN技術(shu)等(deng)，再結合(he)專業(ye)素質過硬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)以及科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理，從而達到(dao)最(zui)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)防護能力(li)。定(ding)期組織(zhi)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡與信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)培(pei)訓，進(jin)一步提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)員(yuan)素質。

3.4制定(ding)突發(fa)事(shi)件的應急預案

必須針(zhen)對不同的系統故(gu)障或災難(nan)制定(ding)應急計劃，編寫緊急故(gu)障恢復操作(zuo)指南，并對每個崗(gang)位的工作(zuo)人員(yuan)按(an)照所擔任角色和(he)負有的責任進行培訓和(he)演練(lian)。

3.5加(jia)強(qiang)數據完整性與有效性控制

數據(ju)完整性與(yu)有(you)(you)效(xiao)性控制(zhi)要(yao)保證數據(ju)不被更改(gai)或破壞，需要(yao)規劃和評估的內容(rong)包(bao)括(kuo)：系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的備(bei)份與(yu)恢復措施，計算機(ji)病毒(du)的防范與(yu)檢(jian)測(ce)制(zhi)度，是否有(you)(you)實時監控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)日志(zhi)文件，記錄(lu)與(yu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可用性相關(guan)的問題，如(ru)對系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的主動攻(gong)擊、處(chu)理速度下降和異常(chang)停機(ji)等。

4結束語

篇9

1.調度規章制度不完善

高(gao)(gao)速(su)鐵(tie)路(lu)運輸的特殊性(xing)(xing)決定了其既有(you)一(yi)定的行(xing)(xing)(xing)車規章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度，也存(cun)在著(zhu)一(yi)定的不足(zu)之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)。然(ran)而(er)在制(zhi)(zhi)定高(gao)(gao)速(su)鐵(tie)路(lu)運輸制(zhi)(zhi)度時，并沒(mei)有(you)廢除行(xing)(xing)(xing)車規章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度的不足(zu)之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)，造成高(gao)(gao)速(su)鐵(tie)路(lu)運輸規章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度之(zhi)間(jian)產生矛(mao)盾。由于調度規章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度的不統一(yi)性(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)矛(mao)盾性(xing)(xing)，導(dao)致調度人(ren)員處(chu)(chu)理問題時概念模糊不清，在執行(xing)(xing)(xing)時存(cun)在著(zhu)一(yi)定的安全隱(yin)患與(yu)(yu)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)偏差。

2.非正常行車組織(zhi)措(cuo)施有待完善

高(gao)速鐵路采用(yong)調度(du)集中系(xi)統(tong)，使列車(che)按照(zhao)計劃自動運行(xing)，大大降低了調度(du)人(ren)員的(de)(de)工(gong)作強度(du)。但對(dui)(dui)于(yu)受到設備、地質災害以及(ji)氣候(hou)等因素的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，高(gao)速鐵路的(de)(de)正常運行(xing)受到一定的(de)(de)改動。例如(ru)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)突(tu)降暴雪、突(tu)發(fa)地震等現(xian)象，調度(du)人(ren)員只能(neng)通知(zhi)司機降速運行(xing)并注意觀察線路狀況。由于(yu)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)突(tu)發(fa)事(shi)件沒有相(xiang)應的(de)(de)規章(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)作為(wei)操作依據(ju)，導致(zhi)調度(du)人(ren)員在處理非正常行(xing)車(che)時，缺(que)乏(fa)統(tong)一的(de)(de)執行(xing)標準[3]。

3.設(she)備控制故障與調度(du)人員干預

由于受設(she)備控(kong)(kong)制故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)與調度人員(yuan)干預(yu)而(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)安全管理之間存在(zai)著矛盾。設(she)備控(kong)(kong)制故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)是運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)安全的(de)(de)導(dao)向，有效避免(mian)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)過程中出現(xian)錯(cuo)誤操縱、錯(cuo)排(pai)進(jin)路(lu)等(deng)現(xian)象(xiang)。而(er)(er)調度人員(yuan)的(de)(de)工作是負責列(lie)車(che)運(yun)(yun)行計劃的(de)(de)安排(pai)、鎖閉道(dao)岔(cha)、開放信號等(deng)，確保列(lie)車(che)能夠正常(chang)運(yun)(yun)行。然(ran)而(er)(er)在(zai)現(xian)實工作中，由于設(she)備控(kong)(kong)制故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)與調度人員(yuan)干預(yu)，使列(lie)車(che)在(zai)運(yun)(yun)行過程中出現(xian)錯(cuo)誤操作、排(pai)列(lie)等(deng)現(xian)象(xiang)，存在(zai)著很大的(de)(de)安全隱患問(wen)題。

二、完(wan)善高速鐵(tie)路運輸調(diao)度安全管理的建議

1.完(wan)善高速鐵路運(yun)輸(shu)調度(du)規章制(zhi)度(du)

完(wan)善高速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路運(yun)輸調(diao)度(du)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，建(jian)(jian)立專門(men)的(de)高速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路運(yun)輸調(diao)度(du)規(gui)章(zhang)部門(men)，嚴格禁止非調(diao)度(du)部門(men)隨(sui)意(yi)下達命(ming)令，及時(shi)更新(xin)與(yu)完(wan)善各項(xiang)安全(quan)管理規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，對于過期不(bu)適用的(de)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)應進(jin)行(xing)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)廢除，避免(mian)新(xin)的(de)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)與(yu)舊的(de)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)相互矛盾的(de)現象發生，建(jian)(jian)立一(yi)套(tao)科學、完(wan)整的(de)高速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路運(yun)輸調(diao)度(du)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)。

2.完善非(fei)正常行車組織預(yu)案

完善非(fei)正(zheng)常(chang)行車組織預案，規范調(diao)(diao)度(du)人(ren)(ren)員的執行標(biao)準。由(you)于高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)鐵路運行速(su)(su)(su)度(du)快(kuai)、列(lie)車密度(du)較大(da)，容易受(shou)到設(she)備(bei)、地質災害以及(ji)氣(qi)候(hou)等因(yin)素(su)的影(ying)響，在非(fei)正(zheng)常(chang)行車時，由(you)于調(diao)(diao)度(du)人(ren)(ren)員指(zhi)揮(hui)失誤，對高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)鐵路運輸(shu)安(an)全造成(cheng)很大(da)的威脅(xie)。因(yin)此(ci)，制各種非(fei)正(zheng)常(chang)行車組織預案，提高(gao)調(diao)(diao)度(du)人(ren)(ren)員的應急(ji)處理能力，有效減(jian)少高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)鐵路運輸(shu)過程中的安(an)全隱患問(wen)題[4]。

3.采用設備(bei)控制，有效減(jian)少人工對設備(bei)的干(gan)預

為了有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)保證高速鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)運輸的(de)安全性，高速鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)運輸實施設(she)(she)備(bei)控(kong)制技術。在設(she)(she)備(bei)控(kong)制良好的(de)狀(zhuang)態下，應有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)避免調度人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)者其他工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)對設(she)(she)備(bei)進行私自操(cao)縱，因此可以有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)由于人(ren)工(gong)(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)而引起的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)不準確性操(cao)作(zuo)，有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)發揮(hui)出(chu)調度人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)職能(neng)作(zuo)用。而對于設(she)(she)備(bei)存(cun)在的(de)異常現(xian)象(xiang)，調度人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應采取相(xiang)應的(de)解決對策，并根(gen)據設(she)(she)備(bei)運行的(de)實際情(qing)況(kuang)，提出(chu)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)改進建議，從而有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提高設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)整體控(kong)制性與操(cao)作(zuo)性。

三、結語

篇10

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞(ci)：鐵路施工；安全(quan)問(wen)題；改進

中圖分(fen)類號：TB文(wen)獻標識碼：Adoi：10.19311/ki.16723198.2017.06.092

隨著國(guo)民經濟的(de)快速發展，交(jiao)通運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)量急劇攀升，尤其是鐵(tie)路(lu)交(jiao)通運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)體系(xi)，動車、高(gao)鐵(tie)及專線等項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)正在不(bu)斷(duan)拓寬，這些項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)建設，不(bu)僅(jin)促進了鐵(tie)路(lu)事業的(de)發展，也極大的(de)提(ti)高(gao)了鐵(tie)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)效率，同時，也給(gei)鐵(tie)路(lu)施工(gong)安(an)全提(ti)出(chu)了新要(yao)求，鐵(tie)路(lu)施工(gong)的(de)難度(du)比過去(qu)加大。鐵(tie)路(lu)施工(gong)安(an)全問題，不(bu)僅(jin)關系(xi)著鐵(tie)路(lu)工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)施工(gong)進度(du)，也關系(xi)著經濟的(de)收益與損失，所以，選(xuan)擇有效的(de)措(cuo)施進行優化，提(ti)高(gao)施工(gong)安(an)全管理水(shui)平尤為重要(yao)。

1鐵路施工安全管(guan)理的(de)重要性

隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)進(jin)步和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)水平的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高，近年來，鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)交通(tong)運輸事業獲得(de)了(le)(le)(le)蓬(peng)勃發(fa)展(zhan)，新的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)務(wu)日益增多，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)更(geng)加(jia)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)，與傳(chuan)統鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)項目相比，安(an)(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)更(geng)加(jia)復(fu)(fu)雜。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全性有了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。因(yin)此，在鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)適應這種新的(de)(de)變(bian)化，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，我們必須要(yao)進(jin)一步明(ming)確(que)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同項目的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)與要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，其施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，安(an)(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)引進(jin)，鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全影響因(yin)素更(geng)加(jia)復(fu)(fu)雜，所以(yi)，鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)更(geng)多涉及的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)因(yin)素，可(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)，項目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)任(ren)務(wu)要(yao)比以(yi)往更(geng)加(jia)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)，鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)有明(ming)顯加(jia)重(zhong)的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高，各安(an)(an)(an)全施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)部門為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)保證鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，其質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)監督(du)考(kao)核標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)也(ye)越來越嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)，鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)項目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各項安(an)(an)(an)全質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)日益復(fu)(fu)雜，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅安(an)(an)(an)檢(jian)、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)等項目增添了(le)(le)(le)許多，安(an)(an)(an)檢(jian)、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)次(ci)數也(ye)越來越頻繁，檢(jian)查頻率已經(jing)達到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)每月10～20次(ci)之多，安(an)(an)(an)全施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)已經(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)首要(yao)任(ren)務(wu)，為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)滿(man)足安(an)(an)(an)全標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，達到(dao)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)項目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)檢(jian)、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，就必然(ran)加(jia)強管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，以(yi)科(ke)(ke)學的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)方法(fa)，確(que)保施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全。

2鐵路施(shi)工安全中的常(chang)見問題(ti)

2.1缺少(shao)全面性的安(an)全施(shi)工方案，各項安(an)全標準得不到有效落實

鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)依據(ju)就是(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，當前(qian)，受各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)條件及因(yin)素的(de)(de)影(ying)響，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，在(zai)制(zhi)定施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，缺少全(quan)(quan)面(mian)性的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，導致(zhi)遇(yu)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)些(xie)比較棘手的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)問題，得不(bu)到(dao)(dao)有效的(de)(de)信息參考。另外，由于(yu)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中，一(yi)些(xie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)意(yi)識(shi)不(bu)足，導致(zhi)違章施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)行為時有發生，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)標準(zhun)(zhun)得不(bu)到(dao)(dao)有效落實(shi)(shi)(shi)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患頻頻出現(xian)，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故不(bu)容忽視(shi)。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)制(zhi)定，應該細致(zhi)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)，在(zai)科學的(de)(de)技術(shu)指導下完(wan)成。然而，目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)設(she)計，主要(yao)是(shi)按照(zhao)一(yi)般俗祭粗貧(pin)ǎ存在(zai)著標準(zhun)(zhun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)偏差，對于(yu)具體的(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)而言，一(yi)些(xie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)與施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)標準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)統一(yi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)不(bu)切合實(shi)(shi)(shi)際，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)與實(shi)(shi)(shi)際不(bu)統一(yi)現(xian)象(xiang)比較明顯，這不(bu)僅影(ying)響到(dao)(dao)了施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)性的(de)(de)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)，還直接影(ying)響著施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。

2.2鐵路施工安全監(jian)管不足，控制及管理(li)安全隱患力度較(jiao)小

在(zai)鐵路工(gong)(gong)程項目施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，監督管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)非常(chang)重要。監管(guan)(guan)是否到位，直接影(ying)(ying)響著施工(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)，可以說，施工(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)與(yu)(yu)監管(guan)(guan)關系非常(chang)密切。然而，在(zai)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，監管(guan)(guan)力度(du)不足等問題(ti)(ti)，在(zai)鐵路項目施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)比較(jiao)常(chang)見，或者(zhe)是與(yu)(yu)施工(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)相關的技術很(hen)難達到，一些技術含量高(gao)的標(biao)準(zhun)很(hen)難落實(shi)，施工(gong)(gong)監管(guan)(guan)不到位，增加(jia)了項目的安(an)全(quan)隱患(huan)。同時，由于(yu)管(guan)(guan)理權限，管(guan)(guan)理范圍(wei)等因素的影(ying)(ying)響，施工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)與(yu)(yu)安(an)全(quan)監管(guan)(guan)人員(yuan)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)交流較(jiao)少(shao)，技術人員(yuan)與(yu)(yu)監管(guan)(guan)人員(yuan)缺(que)少(shao)溝通，導致(zhi)安(an)全(quan)問題(ti)(ti)出現時，技術人員(yuan)不能夠有(you)效(xiao)的針對安(an)全(quan)問題(ti)(ti)產生的原因進行分析，同時，監管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)由于(yu)缺(que)少(shao)溝通也(ye)是無法有(you)效(xiao)落實(shi)，控制及(ji)管(guan)(guan)理安(an)全(quan)隱患(huan)的力度(du)較(jiao)小，安(an)全(quan)問題(ti)(ti)比較(jiao)突出。

2.3施工(gong)規劃(hua)變更(geng)頻繁，不能夠有效指導安(an)全(quan)施工(gong)

在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中有效指(zhi)導安全(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提和基礎，是項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)最根(gen)本依據。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)直接影(ying)響(xiang)著施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務與(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)安排，所以，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)一定要可操作(zuo)性強，如果(guo)項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)多(duo)變(bian)，就會嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安全(quan)管理。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)，從具體情(qing)況(kuang)來(lai)看(kan)，鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)許(xu)(xu)多(duo)時(shi)候施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)臨時(shi)變(bian)更頻繁，在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，受各方(fang)面因素影(ying)響(xiang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)往(wang)往(wang)與(yu)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)實(shi)際施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)狀況(kuang)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同步現象，許(xu)(xu)多(duo)時(shi)候，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能夠(gou)(gou)有效指(zhi)導安全(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，因此，在(zai)(zai)制定施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)時(shi)，這些(xie)變(bian)化因素我們(men)一定要考慮(lv)到，要科學(xue)的(de)(de)制定施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，使其能夠(gou)(gou)適應整(zheng)個項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。當前(qian)(qian)，在(zai)(zai)面對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)與(yu)環境(jing)要求不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符，或者鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)際施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件與(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符，要繼續推進(jin)項(xiang)目(mu)進(jin)度(du)，就必須(xu)選擇變(bian)更施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)方(fang)式來(lai)完(wan)成(cheng)，然而(er)，鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)涉及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位眾多(duo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員綜合素質(zhi)參差不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)齊，如果(guo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)方(fang)案發生(sheng)變(bian)化，部分施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員由于(yu)(yu)無法掌握(wo)具體的(de)(de)變(bian)更內容，無法全(quan)面了解(jie)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)變(bian)更情(qing)況(kuang)，這不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)帶來(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)影(ying)響(xiang)，而(er)且不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)(yu)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)順利(li)進(jin)行(xing)，易造成(cheng)安全(quan)事故的(de)(de)發生(sheng)。

2.4安全應(ying)急(ji)預案實用性不足(zu)，無法(fa)充分(fen)發揮有效(xiao)的職能

鐵路工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)，在(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理規劃中，施(shi)工(gong)突況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)案是重要的組(zu)成(cheng)部分，相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的管(guan)理部門進行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理，一定要按照相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)標準以及安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理規章制度(du)來執(zhi)行(xing)。一切項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)過程中，都可(ke)能會發(fa)生不(bu)可(ke)預(yu)(yu)知的各種(zhong)不(bu)同的突發(fa)狀況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)，在(zai)實(shi)施(shi)鐵路項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理時，通常(chang)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)前(qian)制定相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)案，分析(xi)可(ke)能出(chu)現(xian)的突況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)，以便在(zai)遇到(dao)(dao)突發(fa)狀況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)時，能夠快(kuai)速反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，及時準確的處(chu)理。科學有(you)效(xiao)的應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)案，可(ke)以將安(an)全(quan)(quan)損害降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)最低。如果安(an)全(quan)(quan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)案實(shi)用(yong)性不(bu)足，一旦出(chu)現(xian)突發(fa)事件，就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)能對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)造成(cheng)極大的損害。目(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)，從實(shi)施(shi)情況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)來看(kan)，許多鐵路施(shi)工(gong)單位制定的應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)案系統，與項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)的實(shi)際情況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)比較接近，但是，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)案缺乏相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的靈活性，很多施(shi)工(gong)單位的應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)案，僅僅是針對(dui)(dui)問題(ti)出(chu)現(xian)后，并沒有(you)根據工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)具體(ti)特點，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)方法和(he)操(cao)作流程編寫制定缺乏實(shi)用(yong)性，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)問題(ti)極為多變和(he)復雜，所以，如果安(an)全(quan)(quan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)案實(shi)用(yong)性不(bu)足，就(jiu)(jiu)無法充(chong)分發(fa)揮有(you)效(xiao)的職能，甚至會造成(cheng)嚴重安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故發(fa)生。

3鐵路施工安全問題(ti)改進(jin)措(cuo)施

3.1提高施工安全(quan)管理科學性，實現全(quan)方位、全(quan)過程(cheng)安全(quan)管理

鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)抓好安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理問題(ti)，首先，必須制(zhi)(zhi)定切實可行(xing)(xing)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)案(an)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理方(fang)(fang)案(an)不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)針對(dui)(dui)性(xing)、指(zhi)導性(xing)，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)具備(bei)(bei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)性(xing)，以便(bian)于能(neng)夠(gou)實現(xian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)位(wei)(wei)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)根(gen)據施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)的(de)實際情(qing)況，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前期(qi)就做好準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)計劃中，不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)(yao)編制(zhi)(zhi)危險源清單，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)危險源進(jin)行(xing)(xing)風險評價，準(zhun)確(que)辨識鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)風險。安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)合(he)實際情(qing)況。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)具有(you)復雜性(xing)，許多施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)難度(du)系(xi)數較高，同時(shi)，還(huan)(huan)具有(you)較強的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)約性(xing)。所(suo)以，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，我們要(yao)(yao)(yao)明確(que)各部(bu)門的(de)職(zhi)責與(yu)(yu)權限，強化(hua)各部(bu)門間的(de)協作(zuo)(zuo)與(yu)(yu)溝通(tong)，各司其職(zhi)，切實保障相(xiang)關信(xin)息(xi)(xi)傳遞及(ji)時(shi)到(dao)位(wei)(wei)，防止(zhi)出現(xian)各行(xing)(xing)其是(shi)的(de)問題(ti)，確(que)保鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。硬件建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)對(dui)(dui)于鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)也(ye)發揮著不(bu)可忽視的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，所(suo)以，我們要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強硬件建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，加(jia)大技(ji)術和(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)資金投入，在(zai)有(you)條件的(de)情(qing)況下，要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)相(xiang)關技(ji)術設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)及(ji)時(shi)更新，提高施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝和(he)技(ji)術水平。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)非常(chang)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)，信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)軟(ruan)硬件設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)斷加(jia)強，信(xin)息(xi)(xi)時(shi)代的(de)到(dao)來，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)軟(ruan)硬件設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)不(bu)斷更新升(sheng)級(ji)，加(jia)強信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，提高施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理的(de)科(ke)W性(xing)。另外，安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)檢測設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計技(ji)術，也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)運用(yong)(yong)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)來完成，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)檢和(he)質檢，運用(yong)(yong)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)技(ji)術，也(ye)能(neng)夠(gou)及(ji)時(shi)的(de)發現(xian)任何細微的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風險因素，從而(er)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)應的(de)應對(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)案(an)，提高施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理科(ke)學性(xing)，實現(xian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)位(wei)(wei)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理。

3.2建(jian)立健(jian)全施(shi)工安全管理體(ti)系，提高施(shi)工規劃的科學化

施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位建立安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)理體(ti)系，做好“事(shi)前(qian)預(yu)防，事(shi)中(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)、事(shi)后改善”工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，必須(xu)加大(da)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)監管(guan)(guan)力(li)度，全(quan)面(mian)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)意識。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期要(yao)(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)詳細核(he)實(shi)相(xiang)關資料。對(dui)(dui)具體(ti)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)不要(yao)(yao)(yao)輕易變更。提(ti)(ti)高(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)化。同時(shi)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)監管(guan)(guan)部門要(yao)(yao)(yao)隨(sui)時(shi)檢查施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)監管(guan)(guan)水平，以便及(ji)時(shi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)，使得安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)得到及(ji)時(shi)有效的(de)(de)解決(jue)。另外，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)警示標識一定要(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)置，要(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)醒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員盡量避開(kai)存在安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)的(de)(de)地方，采取應(ying)對(dui)(dui)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)避安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)風險，以便于(yu)保障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)。另外，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業情(qing)況(kuang)及(ji)時(shi)、全(quan)面(mian)、準確了解，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進(jin)度與質量要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)跟(gen)蹤監督，確保各(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)順利進(jin)行。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)預(yu)案(an)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)極(ji)其重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)，所(suo)以，我們(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)根據施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)具體(ti)情(qing)況(kuang)，嚴格(ge)落實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)預(yu)案(an)，科(ke)學(xue)合(he)理的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織，通過(guo)完善，細化組(zu)織預(yu)案(an)，保障(zhang)鐵路施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)進(jin)行。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)推進(jin)而言，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)非常重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)，科(ke)學(xue)和合(he)理的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，更有利于(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)有效落實(shi)。在面(mian)對(dui)(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)問題時(shi)，我們(men)都必須(xu)制(zhi)定出(chu)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)應(ying)對(dui)(dui)方案(an)，不要(yao)(yao)(yao)隨(sui)意改變施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)保障(zhang)精細化設(she)計施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，完善每一項(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)細節需求(qiu)(qiu)，在考慮到項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)標準和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)前(qian)提(ti)(ti)下(xia)建立起合(he)理的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)程(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排，建立有效的(de)(de)預(yu)警機制(zhi)，科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，保障(zhang)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務順利推進(jin)。

4結語

安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產是(shi)鐵(tie)路施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程的核(he)心任務，也是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)最基本要求，所以，鐵(tie)路工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)人員一定要高度(du)重視施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，建(jian)(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi)，實施(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)方位(wei)、全(quan)(quan)過程安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)，努(nu)力提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平，加強(qiang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)精細(xi)化管(guan)理(li)，從根本上(shang)改(gai)進安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)，通過現代(dai)化的管(guan)理(li)，建(jian)(jian)立有效的預警(jing)機制(zhi)，提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規劃(hua)的科學化，使項(xiang)目(mu)的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)得到保障。

參考文獻

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