建筑設(she)計(ji)(ji)人員實施電氣照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)計(ji)(ji)時，不僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)考慮照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)安全性、舒適性以(yi)及合理性，同時還要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)節能環保(bao)(bao)要(yao)(yao)求，做好照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)能耗(hao)控制，所涉及內(nei)容相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較多，整(zheng)體設(she)計(ji)(ji)難度相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較大，需要(yao)(yao)展(zhan)開科學(xue)規(gui)劃。為保(bao)(bao)證照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)計(ji)(ji)整(zheng)體質量，確(que)保(bao)(bao)光源應用可以(yi)達到相(xiang)(xiang)關標準(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求，設(she)計(ji)(ji)人員對(dui)建筑電氣照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)計(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)關內(nei)容展(zhan)開了進一(yi)步探究(jiu)(jiu)。根據探究(jiu)(jiu)結(jie)果，照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)計(ji)(ji)需要(yao)(yao)嚴格遵照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)以(yi)下幾項設(she)計(ji)(ji)原(yuan)則，科學(xue)展(zhan)開規(gui)劃。

1照明設計原則

1.1質(zhi)量要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)原則(ze)(ze)。設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人(ren)員需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)掌握照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)質(zhi)量基本(ben)因素(su)，并對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)筑物使用(yong)功能(neng)與(yu)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)全面分(fen)析(xi)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好(hao)(hao)各(ge)項調查(cha)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)資料積累。在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)施電子燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)時(shi)，應(ying)按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)單位使用(yong)者所(suo)提(ti)出的(de)各(ge)項要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，嚴(yan)格遵(zun)從規程要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，做好(hao)(hao)事故照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)等(deng)內容設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。1.2燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)、光(guang)源(yuan)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)原則(ze)(ze)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體進(jin)行篩(shai)選(xuan)時(shi)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)筑功能(neng)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)綜合(he)分(fen)析(xi)的(de)基礎上，按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)質(zhi)量要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)(du)、光(guang)色以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)顯(xian)色性(xing)(xing)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)此前提(ti)下實(shi)施造型以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)視(shi)(shi)覺舒適(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)分(fen)析(xi)，應(ying)將(jiang)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)費用(yong)控制在(zai)(zai)(zai)合(he)理(li)范(fan)圍(wei)內，減少不(bu)(bu)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)資源(yuan)浪(lang)費，一般(ban)(ban)(ban)建(jian)議選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)LED燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。LED照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)著(zhu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)化(hua)、硬朗(lang)化(hua)、藝術化(hua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)人(ren)性(xing)(xing)化(hua)特征。根據有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門統計(ji)顯(xian)示，因為LED屬于冷光(guang)源(yuan)，半導體照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于環境(jing)條件的(de)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)寬，和熒光(guang)燈(deng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)白熾燈(deng)相比，其節(jie)(jie)能(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)力能(neng)夠(gou)達到70%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)借(jie)助燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)這一優(you)勢，做好(hao)(hao)建(jian)筑電氣(qi)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。同時(shi)因為LED為直流驅動，并不(bu)(bu)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)頻閃，也不(bu)(bu)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)紫外(wai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)紅外(wai)成(cheng)分(fen)，調光(guang)性(xing)(xing)、發光(guang)偏向性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)為理(li)想(xiang)(xiang)，其色溫(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)改(gai)變時(shi)不(bu)(bu)會出現(xian)視(shi)(shi)覺流弊問題，硬朗(lang)特性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)為凸出，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人(ren)員也要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)借(jie)助這一優(you)勢，滿足客戶(hu)處理(li)硬朗(lang)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，做好(hao)(hao)環保硬朗(lang)光(guang)源(yuan)與(yu)保障視(shi)(shi)力光(guang)源(yuan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。1.3照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)原則(ze)(ze)。1.3.1一般(ban)(ban)(ban)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。一般(ban)(ban)(ban)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)更加(jia)注重水平照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)(du)均勻性(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)整個視(shi)(shi)界(jie)范(fan)圍(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)工作(zuo)表面內，亮度(du)(du)(du)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比較(jiao)(jiao)為理(li)想(xiang)(xiang)，可通(tong)過對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)大功率(lv)燈(deng)泡的(de)運用(yong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)空(kong)間(jian)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。通(tong)常適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于受條件限制，不(bu)(bu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)場(chang)所(suo)，或(huo)工作(zuo)位置(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)為密集且對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向無特殊空(kong)間(jian)，像教室、公司等(deng)。1.3.2局部(bu)(bu)(bu)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)出現(xian)下列情況(kuang)時(shi)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。（1）局部(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)(du)；（2）因為受到遮擋影響，一般(ban)(ban)(ban)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)無法照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)射(she)到局部(bu)(bu)(bu)位置(zhi)(zhi)；（3）需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)控制工作(zuo)區域內反射(she)眩(xuan)光(guang)；（4）為增強(qiang)某方(fang)(fang)(fang)向燈(deng)光(guang)，增強(qiang)實(shi)體感(gan)時(shi)。1.3.3混(hun)合(he)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。混(hun)合(he)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)由局部(bu)(bu)(bu)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、一般(ban)(ban)(ban)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)所(suo)組成(cheng)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)(du)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，且對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)射(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向有(you)特殊要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)場(chang)所(suo)。實(shi)施混(hun)合(he)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)時(shi)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)等(deng)級混(hun)合(he)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)(du)5%-10%數值，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)一般(ban)(ban)(ban)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)(du)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)。

2設計注意事項

實施具體設計(ji)時，需要注(zhu)意以下幾點問題(ti)：（1）設計(ji)需要達(da)到(dao)相應(ying)安全(quan)性要求(qiu)，要為(wei)個體活(huo)動安全(quan)以及(ji)舒適(shi)性提供有利支持(chi)，做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)周圍環境識別，避免出現人(ren)和光環境失衡(heng)問題(ti)；（2）注(zhu)重空(kong)間(jian)清晰程度，對(dui)(dui)不必要陰影(ying)實施處理(li)(li)，做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)紫外線輻射(she)以及(ji)光熱輻射(she)控(kong)制；（3）按照空(kong)間(jian)實際功能(neng)對(dui)(dui)其亮(liang)度、光源(yuan)分(fen)布等情況展(zhan)開(kai)設計(ji)，對(dui)(dui)眩光實施嚴格控(kong)制，減少(shao)因照明(ming)所(suo)產(chan)生的不安、煩躁情緒；（4）對(dui)(dui)光源(yuan)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)色(se)(se)(se)性以及(ji)色(se)(se)(se)溫關系(xi)展(zhan)開(kai)科(ke)學處理(li)(li)，做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)特殊顯(xian)(xian)(xian)色(se)(se)(se)指數和一般(ban)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)色(se)(se)(se)指數色(se)(se)(se)差(cha)關系(xi)協調(diao)，防止(zhi)出現心理(li)(li)方(fang)面(mian)的不和諧感以及(ji)不平衡(heng)感；（5）對(dui)(dui)天(tian)然光展(zhan)開(kai)合理(li)(li)運用，科(ke)學選擇(ze)照明(ming)方(fang)式，做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)照明(ming)區域控(kong)制，以求(qiu)達(da)到(dao)切實降(jiang)低電能(neng)消耗指標(biao)的目標(biao)，做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)節能(neng)設計(ji)。

3光源應用

1對(dui)照(zhao)明設計(ji)方(fang)案進(jin)行合理的確定(ding)

合理(li)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)：在(zai)為(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)，應該(gai)嚴格(ge)依據建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情(qing)況，對(dui)實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)仔細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮，不能(neng)(neng)將照(zhao)(zhao)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式作為(wei)考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。如果(guo)房間(jian)(jian)之(zhi)內有(you)(you)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調設(she)(she)備，可(ke)(ke)以有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整合照(zhao)(zhao)明和(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)調。要(yao)想有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)置分(fen)區，可(ke)(ke)以采用混(hun)合照(zhao)(zhao)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法，對(dui)于分(fen)辨(bian)顏(yan)色(se)有(you)(you)著(zhu)很高(gao)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以采用混(hun)合照(zhao)(zhao)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法。可(ke)(ke)以使用比較(jiao)淺(qian)顏(yan)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涂料用在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墻面上(shang)，這樣可(ke)(ke)以對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)明效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)。在(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)，應該(gai)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)(zhao)國家(jia)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)和(he)(he)要(yao)求(qiu)，保證(zheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)有(you)(you)著(zhu)較(jiao)高(gao)得(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明系數(shu)。對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)標(biao)準進(jin)行(xing)(xing)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇：要(yao)依照(zhao)(zhao)國家(jia)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)和(he)(he)要(yao)求(qiu)來(lai)合理(li)確(que)定(ding)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部強(qiang)度(du)(du)，在(zai)對(dui)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)內部照(zhao)(zhao)明功(gong)率密度(du)(du)確(que)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應該(gai)在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體照(zhao)(zhao)明需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員在(zai)實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過程中，要(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情(qing)況，并(bing)且結合國家(jia)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準和(he)(he)要(yao)求(qiu)，對(dui)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)確(que)定(ding)。在(zai)對(dui)供配電系統進(jin)行(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)要(yao)對(dui)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮，比如所承載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)等等，最大可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減(jian)少系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜性，確(que)保工作人員能(neng)(neng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)便捷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用。為(wei)保證(zheng)系統不會造成(cheng)太多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)損壞，在(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)一般(ban)要(yao)使變(bian)壓器(qi)處(chu)于離(li)負荷中心最小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離(li)內。由于不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)季節和(he)(he)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用電時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)都會對(dui)變(bian)壓器(qi)造成(cheng)影響，因(yin)此在(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)一定(ding)要(yao)挑選最合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型號和(he)(he)數(shu)量，避免出(chu)現(xian)因(yin)為(wei)負荷出(chu)現(xian)改變(bian)而出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源浪費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。

2推廣使用高(gao)光效光源

將(jiang)熒(ying)光燈運用(yong)在燈具(ju)安裝高度(du)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所：在目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)照明(ming)中(zhong)采用(yong)比較廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是熒(ying)光燈，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)熒(ying)光燈具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)照明(ming)效率、較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)，并且顯色性也相(xiang)對(dui)比較的(de)(de)(de)(de)高，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)推廣(guang)使用(yong)。燈具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝高度(du)：在部分有(you)(you)(you)著較大(da)空間的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑中(zhong)，會在較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置上安裝光源(yuan)(yuan)，這種方法(fa)是錯(cuo)誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)很難(nan)(nan)更(geng)換(huan)電源(yuan)(yuan)，也對(dui)電源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日常維護(hu)帶來了很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)(nan)度(du)。要想解決這個(ge)問題，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)高壓鈉燈和(he)陶瓷(ci)金屬鹵化物燈，它們具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)很長的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)既可(ke)以(yi)(yi)減少更(geng)換(huan)光源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)次數，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使照明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)得到保(bao)證(zheng)。對(dui)熱(re)(re)(re)輻(fu)射光源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)進(jin)行必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)：熱(re)(re)(re)輻(fu)射光源(yuan)(yuan)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較短的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)，這樣就(jiu)會被(bei)逐漸的(de)(de)(de)(de)取代。但(dan)是，目前還有(you)(you)(you)很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所會應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)熱(re)(re)(re)輻(fu)射光源(yuan)(yuan)，這是因(yin)(yin)為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)輻(fu)射光源(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較快的(de)(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)速度(du)；但(dan)是應(ying)(ying)(ying)該對(dui)熱(re)(re)(re)輻(fu)射光源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)進(jin)行必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)。

3采用高效率節能燈具(ju)

上(shang)面所講的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)該(gai)(gai)限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光源(yuan)(yuan)都具(ju)有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)和缺陷(xian)，所以在(zai)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)應(ying)用中，應(ying)該(gai)(gai)嚴格依(yi)(yi)據(ju)現實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體情況(kuang)來靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)(xing)搭配，從(cong)(cong)而保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)照(zhao)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)和質量。這樣就需要將具(ju)有較高(gao)效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品作為設計(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最優(you)選擇(ze)，從(cong)(cong)而大(da)幅度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降低(di)能源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)耗(hao)，滿(man)足節約能源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。在(zai)設計(ji)建(jian)筑照(zhao)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，應(ying)該(gai)(gai)科學計(ji)算(suan)(suan)室內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占空(kong)比，建(jian)筑室內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面積和高(gao)度是(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)結果(guo)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)。在(zai)選擇(ze)照(zhao)明(ming)燈具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，應(ying)該(gai)(gai)嚴格依(yi)(yi)據(ju)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)來進行(xing)(xing)。為了(le)進一步降低(di)能源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)耗(hao)，還(huan)應(ying)該(gai)(gai)對建(jian)筑空(kong)間墻壁和上(shang)下平面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)射(she)系數進行(xing)(xing)充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮(lv)。

伴隨著科(ke)學(xue)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)進(jin)步(bu)，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技術(shu)也在(zai)不斷(duan)地(di)進(jin)步(bu)，根(gen)據(ju)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)電氣照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)而發明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技術(shu)，在(zai)現代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)電氣照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)方面是比較科(ke)學(xue)，并且(qie)是可(ke)以實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)手(shou)段。在(zai)《智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設計(ji)標(biao)準》當(dang)中明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)指出，對于建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)內部的(de)(de)(de)電氣照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)裝(zhuang)置實(shi)施(shi)全面的(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)(kong)，可(ke)以使用智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技術(shu)，這樣，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠保證各(ge)種儀(yi)器(qi)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)工作狀(zhuang)態是最理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)，進(jin)而達到節能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)設計(ji)標(biao)準》的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)中規定了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度標(biao)準、視覺要(yao)求等(deng)。在(zai)設計(ji)電氣照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，需要(yao)依據(ju)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求和功能(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)行，以跟國(guo)家規定的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度標(biao)準與能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消耗指數(shu)相符合。設計(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，應當(dang)以節能(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)基礎，并且(qie)依據(ju)現狀(zhuang)來決定照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度的(de)(de)(de)強弱，禁止浪(lang)費(fei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源。依據(ju)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)檔(dang)次(ci)來決定照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準，以節能(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)前提。在(zai)確(que)認好(hao)燈具、照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值之后(hou)選擇燈具的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量，最后(hou)再布置燈具。

應當在(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)面(mian)地(di)思考燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色溫、顯(xian)色指數、光(guang)(guang)效(xiao)(xiao)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)年(nian)(nian)限(xian)等要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)選擇照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)通常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建筑(zhu)當中，大多(duo)(duo)(duo)都(dou)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)HID燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、白熾燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)、熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等，伴(ban)隨著科學(xue)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷進(jin)步，許(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)新型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)如光(guang)(guang)纖照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、LED燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等被普(pu)遍地(di)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到我們現實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活當中。直(zhi)管形狀(zhuang)、管徑較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)會(hui)議室(shi)、辦公場(chang)(chang)所、教室(shi)等樓(lou)層不(bu)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方；金屬鹵化(hua)(hua)物和(he)高壓(ya)鈉燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樓(lou)層較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠；高壓(ya)鈉燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低、光(guang)(guang)效(xiao)(xiao)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)年(nian)(nian)限(xian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點，可(ke)是它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)色性不(bu)好，因此(ci)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)材料庫、成品(pin)庫、鍛工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)煉(lian)車間等對辨(bian)色沒有較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方；金屬鹵化(hua)(hua)物燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有光(guang)(guang)效(xiao)(xiao)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)年(nian)(nian)限(xian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點，因此(ci)，被得(de)以(yi)廣泛(fan)地(di)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)高壓(ya)汞燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有顯(xian)色性較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)、光(guang)(guang)效(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)好、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)年(nian)(nian)限(xian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點，自鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)高壓(ya)汞燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)效(xiao)(xiao)是最差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因此(ci)，通常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)都(dou)不(bu)會(hui)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這種燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。第一(yi)，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)配(pei)光(guang)(guang)指數選擇。光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方；在(zai)(zai)(zai)通常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)場(chang)(chang)地(di)，大多(duo)(duo)(duo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)半直(zhi)射和(he)直(zhi)射、漫射型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，以(yi)確(que)保(bao)(bao)頂棚間和(he)墻壁留下一(yi)部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，使(shi)人感覺比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)舒適(shi)(shi)和(he)均勻；在(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特(te)(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)如規模較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠里面(mian)，當它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)高度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)4.5m以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)深照(zhao)(zhao)型(xing)(xing)或者是配(pei)照(zhao)(zhao)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。第二，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求進(jin)行選擇。具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有防(fang)(fang)雨用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)地(di)，都(dou)有保(bao)(bao)護(hu)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)機械作(zuo)業容易出現碰(peng)撞(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區域；開啟式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)干燥和(he)空氣(qi)流(liu)(liu)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)內；在(zai)(zai)(zai)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)潮濕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，開啟式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)備防(fang)(fang)水或瓷質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)頭；具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)備防(fang)(fang)塵(chen)功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密閉式照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)多(duo)(duo)(duo)塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方；需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)引起重視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是，防(fang)(fang)爆型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)含有易爆易燃(ran)氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)所內。第三，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)進(jin)行選擇。在(zai)(zai)(zai)確(que)保(bao)(bao)眩光(guang)(guang)限(xian)制和(he)配(pei)光(guang)(guang)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提條件下，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。對熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，帶(dai)格柵燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)60%以(yi)上(shang)；磨砂棱鏡罩燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)55%以(yi)上(shang)；帶(dai)透明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)罩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)65%以(yi)上(shang)；而帶(dai)反射器燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)75%以(yi)上(shang)。

對(dui)于變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)、氣(qi)體放(fang)電(dian)光源(yuan)中的(de)(de)鎮流器(qi)等建筑照(zhao)明系統中的(de)(de)部分用(yong)(yong)電(dian)設(she)備，因具(ju)有(you)(you)電(dian)感(gan)元件(jian)，會產生無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，從而(er)影響了電(dian)能的(de)(de)有(you)(you)效利用(yong)(yong)。可(ke)以采(cai)取提高設(she)備功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因數的(de)(de)方法來降低這(zhe)部分無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，如熒(ying)光燈(deng)可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)子鎮流器(qi)；像采(cai)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)感(gan)鎮流器(qi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)體放(fang)電(dian)燈(deng)單(dan)燈(deng)可(ke)以安裝(zhuang)補償(chang)電(dian)容器(qi)；變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)低壓(ya)則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)容器(qi)組集(ji)中補償(chang)等。采(cai)取這(zhe)些方法可(ke)使設(she)備和線路上的(de)(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)傳輸減(jian)少，從而(er)達到節能的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。可(ke)在(zai)配變(bian)電(dian)所內集(ji)中補償(chang)基本無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)電(dian)容器(qi)組；對(dui)于容量較大、負(fu)載穩定且長期運行(xing)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)設(she)備的(de)(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)則可(ke)單(dan)獨就地補償(chang)。

在對建筑電氣(qi)照明(ming)進(jin)行施(shi)工的(de)(de)時候，電氣(qi)照明(ming)節能化設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)潛力(li)還(huan)是比較大的(de)(de)，作為照明(ming)電氣(qi)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)者(zhe)來(lai)講，需要(yao)認真地(di)進(jin)行設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，全面地(di)思考并不斷地(di)調整節能的(de)(de)方(fang)法，不但能夠達到照明(ming)的(de)(de)要(yao)求，而(er)且實(shi)現節能的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)，以節約更多(duo)的(de)(de)能源。

本文作(zuo)(zuo)者：陳宏毅(yi)工作(zuo)(zuo)單位：佳木斯市建筑(zhu)設計(ji)研究院

1負荷分級方面

0類(lei)醫(yi)療(liao)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)：該(gai)(gai)醫(yi)療(liao)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)不需(xu)要(yao)接(jie)觸使用醫(yi)療(liao)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，故此(ci)不需(xu)要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造(zao)。1類(lei)醫(yi)療(liao)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)：該(gai)(gai)醫(yi)療(liao)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)設(she)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)需(xu)要(yao)與病患進行(xing)(xing)體(ti)表、體(ti)內(nei)(nei)部位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸。2類(lei)醫(yi)療(liao)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)：該(gai)(gai)醫(yi)療(liao)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)設(she)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)療(liao)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)需(xu)要(yao)與病患體(ti)內(nei)(nei)接(jie)觸，如：心臟器(qi)官(guan)、或者與心臟部位(wei)接(jie)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)官(guan)，該(gai)(gai)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)醫(yi)療(liao)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源中斷會危(wei)及到患者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命安全。

2供電電源方面

隨著醫院(yuan)規模的不短擴(kuo)大(da)，醫院(yuan)所引入的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)也越(yue)來越(yue)多，越(yue)來越(yue)精密。為(wei)了保證(zheng)醫院(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的安全可(ke)靠。醫院(yuan)在劃(hua)分負荷等級(ji)時，除(chu)(chu)了要(yao)遵(zun)循《民用(yong)建筑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設計規范(fan)》外(wai)(wai)，還(huan)要(yao)參(can)照(zhao)不同(tong)(tong)的醫療(liao)場(chang)所類別。根(gen)據《民用(yong)建筑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設計規范(fan)》可(ke)知不同(tong)(tong)場(chang)所關于(yu)自動恢復供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)的要(yao)求(qiu)。一般(ban)時間(jian)大(da)于(yu)等于(yu)0.5秒的按照(zhao)一級(ji)負荷供(gong)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)；一般(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)、客梯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可(ke)按二(er)級(ji)負荷供(gong)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)；一、二(er)級(ji)以外(wai)(wai)的負荷劃(hua)為(wei)三級(ji)負荷。其(qi)次，對(dui)于(yu)一些規模較大(da)的醫院(yuan)還(huan)應配備(bei)柴油發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)，避免出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不足(zu)或停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)時，可(ke)以用(yong)作供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使用(yong)。除(chu)(chu)外(wai)(wai)，一些特殊的醫療(liao)設備(bei)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓要(yao)求(qiu)較高，醫院(yuan)應針對(dui)此(ci)情況(kuang)引進變(bian)壓器供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3照明設計方面

醫(yi)院建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)照明(ming)設(she)計(ji)應符合病患和(he)醫(yi)務人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)，明(ming)亮舒(shu)適(shi)的(de)(de)醫(yi)院環境能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)為病患提供(gong)良好的(de)(de)就(jiu)醫(yi)環境，讓病人(ren)安心(xin)的(de)(de)等待治療，同(tong)時(shi)也能(neng)(neng)保證醫(yi)務人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)便捷、高效(xiao)的(de)(de)完(wan)成各項救療工作。因此，在進(jin)行醫(yi)院照明(ming)設(she)計(ji)時(shi)，要綜合考慮患者和(he)醫(yi)務人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在不同(tong)場所的(de)(de)需(xu)要，結合自(zi)然光等因素(su)，選(xuan)取(qu)合適(shi)的(de)(de)照明(ming)設(she)備及(ji)布(bu)置(zhi)方(fang)式，并通過照明(ming)設(she)備控制方(fang)式的(de)(de)改良達到節能(neng)(neng)目的(de)(de)。

［摘(zhai)要(yao)］與(yu)房(fang)屋(wu)建筑(zhu)的(de)電氣(qi)(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)相比，園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)觀(guan)建筑(zhu)電氣(qi)(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)有著(zhu)很(hen)強的(de)復雜性和(he)特(te)殊性，需要(yao)考慮的(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)素會更多，這加大了園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)觀(guan)建筑(zhu)電氣(qi)(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)難度。基(ji)于此，必須明(ming)(ming)確和(he)掌握園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)觀(guan)建筑(zhu)電氣(qi)(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)諸(zhu)多原(yuan)則與(yu)要(yao)點(dian)，以確保設(she)計(ji)(ji)質量，更好地服務(wu)于園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)觀(guan)建筑(zhu)。本文重點(dian)從供配電系統(tong)、TT接(jie)地系統(tong)、照明(ming)(ming)設(she)計(ji)(ji)、外線設(she)計(ji)(ji)這四(si)個方(fang)面來(lai)分析論述園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)觀(guan)建筑(zhu)電氣(qi)(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)點(dian)，期望可以為從事此項工(gong)(gong)作的(de)朋友(you)們提供一些參考性意見。

［關鍵(jian)詞］園林景觀；電(dian)氣設計(ji)(ji)；供配電(dian)系(xi)統；照明設計(ji)(ji)

在(zai)城(cheng)市化發展(zhan)(zhan)下，園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)景(jing)觀建(jian)筑在(zai)城(cheng)市發展(zhan)(zhan)中的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing)越來越凸(tu)顯，因而也取得很好的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，為更好發揮出園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)景(jing)觀的(de)(de)(de)優勢，需(xu)要(yao)對電氣(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)工作給予(yu)高度的(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)。就園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)景(jing)觀建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)工作來說，主要(yao)包括四個方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)內容，即供(gong)配電系(xi)統、TT接地系(xi)統、照(zhao)(zhao)明設(she)計(ji)(ji)、外(wai)線設(she)計(ji)(ji)，均發揮著十分重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。比如在(zai)照(zhao)(zhao)明設(she)計(ji)(ji)中，需(xu)要(yao)去考(kao)慮園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)景(jing)觀建(jian)筑物(wu)等主體(ti)照(zhao)(zhao)明、廣場照(zhao)(zhao)明、植(zhi)物(wu)照(zhao)(zhao)明、水(shui)體(ti)照(zhao)(zhao)明、道路照(zhao)(zhao)明，如何讓(rang)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)景(jing)觀呈現(xian)出一種與白天迥然(ran)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)風格尤為關鍵，不(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)去考(kao)慮功能性(xing)還要(yao)去考(kao)慮美觀性(xing)和(he)藝術性(xing)[1]。因此，在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)景(jing)觀的(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中，需(xu)要(yao)考(kao)慮更多的(de)(de)(de)因素(su)，這導致電氣(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)難度會有所增(zeng)加，必須明確和(he)掌握(wo)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)景(jing)觀建(jian)筑電氣(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)點。

1園(yuan)林景(jing)觀建(jian)筑的供配電(dian)系統設(she)計

在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)點做好以(yi)(yi)下(xia)三個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)：①箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)及照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：就園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)特(te)點來說(shuo)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)著供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)積大、用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)點分(fen)(fen)(fen)散且(qie)(qie)負荷量較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯著特(te)點。基于(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)位(wei)置與數量確(que)定時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)去(qu)考慮(lv)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍，若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)400m左右，則(ze)可(ke)采(cai)用一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)超過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)取(qu)值(zhi)范(fan)圍，則(ze)應(ying)該結合(he)(he)實(shi)際情況(kuang)去(qu)增(zeng)加箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)數量。另外(wai)(wai)(wai)，若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)大型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物，則(ze)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)由(you)(you)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)引出(chu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，通(tong)常(chang)情況(kuang)下(xia)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)半徑可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到150m，若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)超過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)數值(zhi)則(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)去(qu)增(zeng)加配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)數量。②照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)點做好三個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，二是(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，三是(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時，設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)燈具功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同去(qu)劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)不(bu)同配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)支路(lu)(lu)(lu)，景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)和功(gong)能(neng)性(xing)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈具要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)用不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)(you)，并且(qie)(qie)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)均(jun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)安裝(zhuang)接觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，用來觸(chu)(chu)動(dong)(dong)或自動(dong)(dong)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)燈具。設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開展配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)始終嚴格遵循配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)規范(fan)標準，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)線(xian)(xian)總開關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)將其設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)四(si)(si)極(ji)隔(ge)離(li)(li)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。之(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，根(gen)本原因(yin)(yin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)由(you)(you)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)引出(chu)時，TT系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)聯結系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)與中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)(xian)不(bu)相(xiang)通(tong)，此(ci)時若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，總等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)聯結系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)，極(ji)易引發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣事故。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，從園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣維修安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度來說(shuo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)線(xian)(xian)總開關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，應(ying)優(you)先選(xuan)擇(ze)四(si)(si)極(ji)隔(ge)離(li)(li)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)選(xuan)擇(ze)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)時，為(wei)了增(zeng)強照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險應(ying)對能(neng)力，確(que)保(bao)(bao)始終處于(yu)安全運行狀態，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其內(nei)(nei)部(bu)設(she)(she)(she)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌保(bao)(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)，且(qie)(qie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)和中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)安裝(zhuang)。與室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)相(xiang)比，室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單獨(du)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)所(suo)帶燈具不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)去(qu)考慮(lv)太多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素，所(suo)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈具以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)LED燈為(wei)主，功(gong)率(lv)多(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)1~3W，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)帶包括(kuo)30-40燈，特(te)殊情況(kuang)下(xia)會包括(kuo)更多(duo)(duo)(duo)。③剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)保(bao)(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整定：考慮(lv)到園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)多(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用TT接地(di)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)運行過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)接地(di)故障(zhang)，斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)質量會因(yin)(yin)此(ci)而受(shou)到影響(xiang)。考慮(lv)到這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害(hai)性(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時為(wei)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)確(que)保(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)切斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力和保(bao)(bao)證室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效，應(ying)優(you)先使用動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)靈敏度高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)（RCD）。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)長度可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到100~200m，且(qie)(qie)燈具與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜之(zhi)間會產生一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴露電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)正常(chang)運行時會有(you)(you)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)會受(shou)到影響(xiang)[2]。為(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)裝(zhuang)置在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續性(xing)與安全性(xing)，設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結合(he)(he)實(shi)際情況(kuang)來確(que)保(bao)(bao)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)RCD的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定剩(sheng)(sheng)余動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)I△n，室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末端支路(lu)(lu)(lu)剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)應(ying)控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)100mA以(yi)(yi)下(xia)。

2園林景(jing)觀建(jian)筑的TT接地系統(tong)設(she)計

【摘要】文章從(cong)工程設(she)(she)計(ji)實踐出發，結合建(jian)筑電(dian)氣照(zhao)明(ming)節能的設(she)(she)計(ji)原則，提出了建(jian)筑電(dian)氣照(zhao)明(ming)節能系統優化控制的設(she)(she)計(ji)思(si)路與設(she)(she)計(ji)方法(fa)，可(ke)供相關設(she)(she)計(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)借鑒。

【關鍵詞】建筑電氣照明;節能(neng)設計;配光功能(neng);光源設備(bei);控制(zhi)方式

電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)照明(ming)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，是建(jian)筑電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)計中最基本的設(she)(she)(she)計內(nei)容之一，也(ye)是建(jian)筑物建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)使(shi)用(yong)過程效(xiao)果目(mu)標達成的關(guan)鍵(jian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)之一。在(zai)(zai)滿足基本的照明(ming)要求后，合理的設(she)(she)(she)計，更能節(jie)(jie)能能源(yuan)和節(jie)(jie)省建(jian)筑資(zi)金(jin)的投入。所(suo)以在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)照明(ming)的設(she)(she)(she)計中，節(jie)(jie)能設(she)(she)(she)計就顯(xian)得(de)十分重(zhong)要了。此行業發展背景下(xia)，建(jian)筑電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)照明(ming)節(jie)(jie)能設(she)(she)(she)計人員應遵循功能性(xing)(xing)、經(jing)濟性(xing)(xing)以及合理性(xing)(xing)原則，來提高電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)照明(ming)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計控制的合理性(xing)(xing)。

1研究(jiu)建筑(zhu)電氣(qi)照明設計(ji)的現實(shi)意(yi)義(yi)

建(jian)筑工程的(de)用(yong)電內容(rong)中電氣照(zhao)明是最重要的(de)組成(cheng)部分，其運(yun)用(yong)的(de)舒適(shi)性隨(sui)著(zhu)人(ren)們(men)物質生活水平不斷(duan)提升呈現出多元化(hua)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展趨(qu)勢。為此，工程建(jian)設人(ren)員應從合理、節(jie)能環保等角(jiao)度出發(fa)(fa)，即(ji)在電氣照(zhao)明設計中融入節(jie)能減排觀念，以此來促(cu)進建(jian)筑行業的(de)可(ke)持續發(fa)(fa)展進程[1]。

2建筑電氣(qi)照明的設計原則(ze)

摘要：文章(zhang)介紹了(le)(le)建(jian)筑電氣照明(ming)(ming)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)設計經濟實用(yong)與綠色照明(ming)(ming)的(de)原則(ze)，提(ti)出了(le)(le)推廣使用(yong)高(gao)效率節(jie)(jie)能(neng)燈(deng)具，合理確定照明(ming)(ming)設計方(fang)案，重視(shi)對新產品的(de)開(kai)發和研(yan)制，優(you)選氣體(ti)放(fang)電光源啟動(dong)設備等(deng)建(jian)筑電氣照明(ming)(ming)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)設計優(you)化策略(lve)。

關鍵詞：建筑；電氣照明；節能設(she)計

近年來，我國陸(lu)續(xu)出(chu)臺了多項建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)，針對民用(yong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設計(ji)(ji)也提(ti)出(chu)了非(fei)常明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定：在確保相(xiang)同(tong)室內(nei)環境參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，和未采取節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)措施相(xiang)比(bi)，全年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采暖、通風空氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)及照(zhao)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)大約(yue)(yue)降低了50%。節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)準(zhun)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)以(yi)20世(shi)紀80年代作為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)比(bi)較(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)條件，這(zhe)一目標主要(yao)(yao)由改(gai)善(shan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)維護結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱工(gong)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及提(ti)升空調(diao)(diao)采暖設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)來實現(xian)。開展好電(dian)氣(qi)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)工(gong)作是(shi)非(fei)常重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。隨著社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷發(fa)展，電(dian)力能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)愈加(jia)廣(guang)泛(fan)，成為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)組成部分。因此為了提(ti)升資源利用(yong)效率(lv)，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)，在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)應用(yong)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)明設備(bei)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠有效降低建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源消耗(hao)。對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)照(zhao)明設備(bei)進行優化設計(ji)(ji)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠達到對線路能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減少，促進系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)理(li)、高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行，發(fa)揮照(zhao)明設備(bei)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效，因此建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)照(zhao)明設計(ji)(ji)意義重大。

1建筑(zhu)電氣照明節(jie)能(neng)設(she)計的(de)原則

1.1經濟實用

經濟適用是(shi)說在(zai)實(shi)施(shi)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的同(tong)時必須要(yao)(yao)考慮到(dao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)合(he)理控制(zhi)電(dian)氣照(zhao)明的節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，尤其是(shi)要(yao)(yao)關注避免發生(sheng)大量電(dian)力耗費與為達到(dao)美觀的目(mu)的進行許多浪費電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的裝飾，要(yao)(yao)在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)大幅度(du)節(jie)省成本的條件(jian)下設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)出實(shi)用實(shi)惠的節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)氣照(zhao)明。所以在(zai)日常進行設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的過(guo)程中需設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)人員將(jiang)專業特長(chang)與建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)本身結構結合(he)起來，能(neng)(neng)(neng)充分考慮到(dao)環境保護(hu)、資源節(jie)約，能(neng)(neng)(neng)增強進行設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)安排(pai)各項(xiang)照(zhao)明設(she)(she)施(shi)，實(shi)現通過(guo)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)來達到(dao)建(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)氣的節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)目(mu)的。

第一篇：建筑電氣節能設(she)計及照明節能設(she)計研究

這(zhe)些年來，國家和有(you)關(guan)部門已經深(shen)切了(le)解到節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)問題(ti)的(de)主要性與緊迫(po)性，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)工作已經全面開展并持續深(shen)化，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技術持續進步(bu)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)的(de)設(she)計(ji)規范也在(zai)持續地完善。為(wei)了(le)提(ti)高資源運用(yong)效率，電(dian)能(neng)(neng)資源節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)使用(yong)，在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)設(she)過(guo)程中要采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)氣和照(zhao)明(ming)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)設(she)備，提(ti)高電(dian)能(neng)(neng)運用(yong)率，降低建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)電(dian)量。在(zai)設(she)計(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)設(she)備時，要盡量減(jian)少(shao)線(xian)路上(shang)的(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)耗費量，提(ti)高系統功率，開發照(zhao)明(ming)設(she)備中的(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)空(kong)間。為(wei)此，要特(te)別(bie)重視建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計(ji)經過(guo)中要對照(zhao)明(ming)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)設(she)備的(de)利用(yong)。

1降耗節(jie)能在建筑電氣設(she)計(ji)中的重要性(xing)

在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)最近這(zhe)些年，隨著持續增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)人口，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)資源目前開始比較緊缺，因為(wei)人們生活水平持續提高，也加(jia)快了工業化發(fa)展(zhan)速度，導(dao)致中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)環境污染相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)嚴(yan)重(zhong)，而(er)(er)現(xian)實可以運(yun)用的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源其效(xiao)率(lv)也在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)慢(man)慢(man)下滑。依據有關(guan)資料認(ren)識，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)花在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工工程上的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)消(xiao)耗(hao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)社(she)會(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)消(xiao)耗(hao)總(zong)和(he)占30%左右(you)，而(er)(er)且在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行業在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)每年中(zhong)(zhong)還在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)呈(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)上升(sheng)趨(qu)勢的(de)(de)所(suo)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)消(xiao)耗(hao)，而(er)(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)業中(zhong)(zhong)，占整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)消(xiao)耗(hao)一(yi)大部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)消(xiao)耗(hao)。對(dui)(dui)著社(she)會(hui)主義經濟的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行業對(dui)(dui)用電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求也在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)持續地增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)網(wang)供電(dian)(dian)和(he)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力都達不到一(yi)個(ge)合理(li)的(de)(de)程度，造成在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)業中(zhong)(zhong)持續的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)力設備(bei)的(de)(de)數目而(er)(er)且遠遠超過了一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)(de)數目，這(zhe)就(jiu)讓(rang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)業中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)源供應不足的(de)(de)情況。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大區(qu)域的(de)(de)位置都有出現(xian)拉(la)閘限電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況，這(zhe)就(jiu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)人們在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)把節能(neng)(neng)降耗(hao)作(zuo)為(wei)工作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)之重(zhong)。

2實現建筑電(dian)氣照明節(jie)能(neng)設計重點(dian)方法

2.1合理擬定照明設計方案

摘要：本文通過介紹體育場(chang)照(zhao)明及電氣控制的設(she)計(ji)(ji)，分析照(zhao)明設(she)計(ji)(ji)標準(zhun)的選擇與(yu)照(zhao)明參數(shu)的計(ji)(ji)算，闡明照(zhao)明質量標準(zhun)、照(zhao)明燈(deng)具(ju)分類(lei)與(yu)布置方式及電氣控制設(she)計(ji)(ji)中應注(zhu)意(yi)的一些(xie)問(wen)題。

關鍵詞：體(ti)育場照(zhao)明設(she)(she)計(ji)電氣(qi)控(kong)制設(she)(she)計(ji)

1.體育場照明的重要性(xing)

對于一座現(xian)代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)育(yu)場，不但要求(qiu)(qiu)建筑(zhu)外形美觀(guan)大方、各種體(ti)(ti)育(yu)設備齊全完善，而(er)且(qie)要求(qiu)(qiu)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)明環(huan)境，即要求(qiu)(qiu)有(you)合適、均勻的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)度和(he)亮度、理想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)光色，有(you)立體(ti)(ti)感及(ji)無眩光等。除(chu)保證滿足觀(guan)眾良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)視看效果外，還必(bi)須保證裁判(pan)員(yuan)、運(yun)動員(yuan)和(he)比賽項(xiang)目所需的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)明要求(qiu)(qiu)以(yi)及(ji)應(ying)保證有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)視轉播效果。

照明(ming)(ming)是依靠光(guang)(guang)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能，保證燈光(guang)(guang)作用于運(yun)動員、裁判員、觀眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)眼(yan)睛、產生視覺(jue)，才能看見體(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)場地(di)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)一切(qie)，如(ru)場地(di)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)暗、物體(ti)建筑、器具(ju)及(ji)服裝等(deng)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顏色(se)、觀看目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀和(he)大(da)小(xiao)、深度(du)、立體(ti)感及(ji)運(yun)動員運(yun)動時的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態和(he)體(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)氛等(deng)等(deng)。所以，良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)照明(ming)(ming)在現代體(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)場中占有重要地(di)位。

一般，在一個體育場的(de)照明設計中，應考慮以下三方面的(de)因素：

我國(guo)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)際間聞名(ming)且擁有(you)眾(zhong)多(duo)傳統文明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家，在我國(guo)境(jing)內遺留了諸(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)名(ming)勝(sheng)古(gu)(gu)跡(ji)(ji)及(ji)(ji)動人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)人(ren)故事，與(yu)此同時更(geng)是留下了諸(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)相當的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)遺跡(ji)(ji)及(ji)(ji)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑。就當前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史記載有(you)關文書(shu)來看(kan)，古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑普遍存在一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣問題(ti)，需要考慮諸(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)因(yin)素對其加(jia)以重新考慮［1］。古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑電(dian)氣中更(geng)是有(you)諸(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)接(jie)(jie)地(di)保護，包(bao)括工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)接(jie)(jie)地(di)、保護接(jie)(jie)地(di)、防雷(lei)接(jie)(jie)地(di)及(ji)(ji)重復接(jie)(jie)地(di)，埋入土地(di)中，能(neng)夠更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)與(yu)大地(di)形成相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)。接(jie)(jie)地(di)體(ti)(ti)主要劃分為(wei)(wei)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)地(di)體(ti)(ti)以及(ji)(ji)自然(ran)接(jie)(jie)地(di)體(ti)(ti)。為(wei)(wei)了能(neng)夠確保其他(ta)用途(tu)安裝，相連(lian)(lian)于大地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)物體(ti)(ti)稱作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)自然(ran)接(jie)(jie)地(di)體(ti)(ti)，包(bao)括金(jin)屬(shu)管道、古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑物鋼筋以及(ji)(ji)金(jin)屬(shu)類框架等(deng)［2］。水(shui)平(ping)(ping)埋設的(de)(de)(de)(de)即為(wei)(wei)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)接(jie)(jie)地(di)體(ti)(ti)。本次研究主要針(zhen)對古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣設計以及(ji)(ji)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術管理展開研究。

1古建筑構造特點

1．1古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)以木料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)。古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木料(liao)。古(gu)代中國(guo)居民絕大(da)(da)多數(shu)都處于黃河流域，那里森(sen)林(lin)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)茂密，針(zhen)對磚塊石頭來講(jiang)，木頭材(cai)料(liao)能夠(gou)更加方便的(de)(de)(de)完成就地取材(cai)。再者(zhe)我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)疆域較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣(guang)闊(kuo)，氣候的(de)(de)(de)變化速(su)度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)，也比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復雜，通常會(hui)由于溫(wen)度及適度的(de)(de)(de)不同變換，隨意變換墻壁的(de)(de)(de)高低薄厚，整體(ti)操(cao)作較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)便捷。但是一旦出(chu)現意外災害情(qing)況，那么必然會(hui)造成一定的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)員生命(ming)安全(quan)［3］。1．2構(gou)(gou)造特(te)(te)殊內(nei)部(bu)可燃(ran)(ran)物多。我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)要將木構(gou)(gou)架作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)施工材(cai)料(liao)，在(zai)近些年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發展進程中，現如(ru)今已經成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)木構(gou)(gou)系統，包括了井(jing)干式、穿斗(dou)式、抬梁(liang)式多種(zhong)［4］。不僅滿足了人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)諸多需求，同時也產生了較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)審美風格。古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)屋頂木材(cai)，存在(zai)容易燃(ran)(ran)燒且結構(gou)(gou)結實的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點。火災的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)危(wei)害性(xing)相對較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)，古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)木材(cai)多有(you)油漆(qi)彩繪，屋內(nei)陳設(she)相對較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多，此種(zhong)材(cai)料(liao)能夠(gou)很(hen)大(da)(da)程度的(de)(de)(de)增加火災的(de)(de)(de)發生率。

2古建(jian)筑電氣系統設計(ji)

為(wei)了能夠對(dui)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人身及(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)關設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安全加以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)障，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)零(ling)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，基于(yu)經濟角度(du)著手(shou)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中充分借助(zhu)自(zi)然接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，杜絕出(chu)現安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)人工接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)［5］。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前期應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當去確(que)保(bao)定位(wei)精準(zhun)，從而有(you)(you)(you)效減少施工過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。2．1配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中，具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)均(jun)引用(yong)至室(shi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公用(yong)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)所，工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)負(fu)荷(he)等級(ji)(ji)也出(chu)現三級(ji)(ji)負(fu)荷(he)，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)380V／220V電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進線(xian)(xian)［6］。針對(dui)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負(fu)荷(he)所展開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當根據(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)所提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同性能資料(liao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)關電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)手(shou)冊，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)根據(ju)(ju)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)100W／m2計(ji)(ji)算，所主要(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數均(jun)為(wei)0．9。室(shi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種相(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同單體(ti)(ti)(ti)，所形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)配電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)，均(jun)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)YJV22型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)YJV型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜，完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)直埋(mai)地(di)(di)(di)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)穿管埋(mai)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敷設(she)(she)(she)(she)情(qing)況(kuang)。2．2照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)通(tong)(tong)常包(bao)括普通(tong)(tong)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)、應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)景觀照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，包(bao)括了疏(shu)散(san)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)備(bei)用(yong)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)［7］。所有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)都需(xu)要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)(ju)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，實施標準(zhun)性設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。普通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)主要(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)高(gao)顯色(se)(se)、高(gao)光效、節能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光源(yuan)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)疏(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示燈(deng)，均(jun)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當采(cai)(cai)用(yong)自(zi)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池燈(deng)具(ju)。2．3防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，通(tong)(tong)常以(yi)(yi)(yi)直擊(ji)雷(lei)和側擊(ji)雷(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)工作為(wei)主。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)直擊(ji)雷(lei)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)工作開(kai)展中，主要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括接(jie)(jie)(jie)閃器設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)此(ci)種接(jie)(jie)(jie)閃器設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)進行(xing)選(xuan)擇過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，必(bi)然要(yao)(yao)確(que)保(bao)與周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)關位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)顏(yan)色(se)(se)相(xiang)(xiang)協調。也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)引下線(xian)(xian)方法，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)下線(xian)(xian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，下線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能避(bi)開(kai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)正面(mian)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當基于(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)后面(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)側面(mian)等不(bu)(bu)(bu)同位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)，隱蔽性輻射(she)(she)。此(ci)外還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)借助(zhu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)挖掘地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)，首先(xian)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勘測工作，從而有(you)(you)(you)效避(bi)免(mian)出(chu)現對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)下文物(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)損耗情(qing)況(kuang)，再(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)輻射(she)(she)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，還(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當確(que)保(bao)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)下管道(dao)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)距離是(shi)(shi)否安全，從而有(you)(you)(you)效避(bi)免(mian)電(dian)(dian)壓對(dui)人造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)傷害。再(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)側擊(ji)雷(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)措(cuo)施，由于(yu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)通(tong)(tong)常所在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區域，均(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)比較空曠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方，因此(ci)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四周(zhou)，按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)每間隔5m左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離［8］，設(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)圈(quan)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)均(jun)壓地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)，同時應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當將均(jun)壓地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)與四周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)之間實現較為(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)。

3古建筑電氣設計的施工管理關鍵技術問題