智能建筑中電氣施工技術探討
時間:2023-01-13 09:23:53
導語:智(zhi)能建(jian)筑中電氣(qi)施工(gong)技術探(tan)討一文來源于網友上傳(chuan),不代表本站(zhan)觀點,若(ruo)需要原創文章可咨詢客服老師,歡(huan)迎(ying)參(can)考(kao)。
【摘要】電氣施工技術是智能建筑的重要組分,作為支持智能建筑發展的主平臺,體現出智能建筑中電氣自動化技術應用的優勢。鑒于此,文章以文獻對比法和理論分析法,重點對智能建筑中電氣施工技術施(shi)工主要技術(shu)要點(dian)進行闡述(shu),在(zai)基(ji)礎施(shi)工、主體(ti)施(shi)工、內部裝修、設備(bei)安裝各階段從一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)智能(neng)應用平臺的(de)融(rong)合到技術(shu)方案的(de)分析,對智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)工技術(shu)在(zai)智能(neng)建筑(zhu)中的(de)應用作出較為(wei)詳(xiang)細的(de)說明。
【關鍵詞】智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)筑;電氣(qi);施工(gong)技(ji)術;智(zhi)能(neng)化電氣(qi);應用系統
1引言
智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)不是新(xin)生事(shi)物,早在上世紀的(de)80年代,日本就開(kai)始建(jian)(jian)設(she)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),并且有超過60%的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)類型為智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),在建(jian)(jian)設(she)內容上,智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)更突出高效性、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)及(ji)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua),不僅(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠為人們提供優質的(de)生活服務(wu)水平。但是目前看(kan),智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中電氣(qi)(qi)施工仍(reng)然存在較多(duo)問(wen)題,比(bi)如(ru)整(zheng)體水平不足(zu)、施工不規范、電氣(qi)(qi)系統運行不達標等。基(ji)于此,文章結合智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中電氣(qi)(qi)施工技(ji)術要點展(zhan)開(kai)論述,供參考。
2智能建筑中電氣施工技術要點
2.1基礎施工
基(ji)(ji)礎施(shi)(shi)工(gong)要與土建施(shi)(shi)工(gong)相(xiang)互配合(he),做(zuo)好(hao)強(qiang)弱電的設計與安裝工(gong)作。從施(shi)(shi)工(gong)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)上看(kan),主要在土建工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)做(zuo)好(hao)墻體防水處理后開展,避(bi)免(mian)電氣施(shi)(shi)工(gong)破壞墻體結構的防水層,且(qie)埋件應及時安裝,避(bi)免(mian)遺漏,只有對專(zhuan)業施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術人員做(zuo)好(hao)培訓才能夠確保(bao)電氣基(ji)(ji)礎施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量[1]。
2.2主體施工
在(zai)智能建筑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣施(shi)工技術(shu)應用(yong)(yong)的過程(cheng)中,需要(yao)(yao)首(shou)先明確(que)工程(cheng)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)類別、型號等,配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱三者要(yao)(yao)相(xiang)互交(jiao)接、協調,制(zhi)定優(you)化安裝(zhuang)措施(shi),按(an)照安裝(zhuang)施(shi)工計劃(hua),做好(hao)(hao)超前監(jian)控(kong),進而(er)達到安裝(zhuang)施(shi)工技術(shu)質量應用(yong)(yong)的預(yu)控(kong)分析。在(zai)主體(ti)施(shi)工的過程(cheng)中,要(yao)(yao)遵循“以點帶(dai)面”的施(shi)工原(yuan)則,與土建施(shi)工緊密結合,做好(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)管線的鋪(pu)設。例如(ru)施(shi)工過程(cheng)中選取使用(yong)(yong)剔槽埋設施(shi)工過程(cheng)中要(yao)(yao)事先確(que)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)彎曲(qu)半徑、埋設絕緣(yuan)導管時所采取使用(yong)(yong)的水(shui)泥砂漿進行抹面、接地(di)線時要(yao)(yao)依據材質確(que)定接地(di)范圍(wei)[2]。
2.3內部裝修
砌(qi)筑(zhu)隔墻之前(qian),要(yao)(yao)與土建(jian)施工技術人員(yuan)核(he)實主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)電力線路,因(yin)為電氣系(xi)統(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)依據(ju)線路明確電力系(xi)統(tong)的(de)預埋(mai)、燈具及開關的(de)位置設計等,因(yin)此在抹灰之前(qian),要(yao)(yao)結合測量(liang)的(de)水(shui)平線、墻面線的(de)具體位置進行埋(mai)設施工。
2.4設備的安(an)裝(zhuang)
例如(ru)在(zai)配(pei)(pei)電箱(xiang)設(she)備(bei)的(de)安(an)裝中(zhong),由于其(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)型號相(xiang)(xiang)對較多,在(zai)安(an)裝施工的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)會存(cun)在(zai)較多問題,如(ru)配(pei)(pei)電箱(xiang)的(de)型號與(yu)設(she)計(ji)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)不一致(zhi),配(pei)(pei)電箱(xiang)的(de)箱(xiang)皮相(xiang)(xiang)對較薄,容易在(zai)安(an)裝及后期使用的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)出現變形損壞,該用端子(zi)的(de)位置未(wei)使用端子(zi),塘錫的(de)地方未(wei)進行(xing)塘錫等。針對上(shang)述問題,在(zai)配(pei)(pei)電箱(xiang)安(an)裝施工的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),要(yao)嚴格安(an)裝圖紙(zhi)(zhi)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)選取配(pei)(pei)電箱(xiang),貨物接(jie)收時要(yao)仔(zi)細檢查,尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是對于型號、規格等,確保(bao)箱(xiang)體結構(gou)厚度符合設(she)計(ji)基準要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)[3]。
3智能建筑智能化電氣應用技術方案分析
3.1一(yi)體化智能應用平(ping)臺(tai)的搭(da)建
一體化智(zhi)能建(jian)(jian)筑電(dian)氣設備運(yun)行(xing)(xing)平臺(tai)集(ji)成優化傳統的按專(zhuan)業(ye)劃分(fen)(fen)的二次系統,實現全(quan)站(zhan)信息的統一接入、存儲和(he)展示,實現監視、控制(zhi)、分(fen)(fen)析(xi)、告警(jing)、運(yun)行(xing)(xing)管理和(he)輔助應用(yong)功能。其(qi)中(zhong)智(zhi)能建(jian)(jian)筑變電(dian)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)駕駛(shi)艙反映智(zhi)能建(jian)(jian)筑系統狀態的人機交互界面(mian),為(wei)智(zhi)能建(jian)(jian)筑各專(zhuan)業(ye)人員提供(gong)監視、分(fen)(fen)析(xi)、查詢、操作等(deng)“一站(zhan)式”平臺(tai)(見圖1)[4]。
3.2智能建筑電氣系統數據(ju)平臺的(de)融合
在(zai)(zai)(zai)三維現實場景中(zhong)針(zhen)對(dui)站內設(she)(she)備(bei),融合SCADA系統(tong)(tong)、視頻監控系統(tong)(tong)、各(ge)種在(zai)(zai)(zai)線監測系統(tong)(tong)產(chan)生(sheng)多維度、大數(shu)據(ju)集中(zhong)直觀展(zhan)示,并且以設(she)(she)備(bei)為中(zhong)心進(jin)行(xing)(xing)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、檢索,提(ti)高易用(yong)性,進(jin)而(er)提(ti)高工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率。可非常便(bian)(bian)利地在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)平臺上(shang)查看到所有的相關數(shu)據(ju),便(bian)(bian)于(yu)使用(yong)人員對(dui)整個(ge)場景、設(she)(she)備(bei)的監控和操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。以設(she)(she)備(bei)為單位,對(dui)各(ge)類數(shu)據(ju)信息(xi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)智能分(fen)析(xi),例(li)如直接比(bi)(bi)對(dui)、趨勢分(fen)析(xi)、同比(bi)(bi)分(fen)析(xi),并在(zai)(zai)(zai)三維全(quan)站主場景中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)變(紅(hong))色(se)(se)告(gao)警,在(zai)(zai)(zai)整個(ge)智能建筑諸多設(she)(she)備(bei)中(zhong)可被迅速發現。即便(bian)(bian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)告(gao)警消(xiao)失后,該設(she)(she)備(bei)仍(reng)然會呈現紅(hong)色(se)(se)閃爍狀(zhuang)態進(jin)行(xing)(xing)提(ti)示,運維人員可對(dui)告(gao)警進(jin)行(xing)(xing)查看和復歸。
3.2.1接入(ru)SCADA數(shu)據(ju)接入(ru)SCADA系(xi)統集中(zhong)了智(zhi)能建筑(zhu)電力運行(xing)的核心數(shu)據(ju),結合三維(wei)現實場景中(zhong)的電氣設備,能直觀高(gao)效(xiao)地展(zhan)示智(zhi)能建筑(zhu)運行(xing)狀況。可(ke)從站端由IEC101,RS232/RS485電力規約或已有的數(shu)據(ju)集中(zhong)的大(da)數(shu)據(ju)平臺結合硬件(jian)隔(ge)離(li)裝(zhuang)置接入(ru)三維(wei)平臺中(zhong),符合安全接入(ru)要求(qiu)。
3.2.2接入(ru)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)數據可接入(ru)的(de)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)系統主(zhu)要有(you):油色(se)譜在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)數據、鐵芯電流在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、避雷(lei)器(qi)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、超高(gao)(gao)頻局放在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、變壓器(qi)和電纜(lan)的(de)高(gao)(gao)頻局放在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、開關機械特性在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、環境在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、紅外在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)溫監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)以及一些為設(she)備(bei)服務的(de)智能無線(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)感器(qi)等。在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)系統數據可利用硬(ying)件隔離裝(zhuang)置(zhi)從站端或已(yi)具備(bei)相關數據的(de)大(da)數據平臺(tai)安全接入(ru)三維(wei)實景模型(xing)中。
3.3智能告警與故障(zhang)診斷(duan)
3.3.1方案總體(ti)設計在智(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)端,通(tong)過人(ren)機界面,將智(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)層采集的(de)(de)告(gao)(gao)警信息(xi)(xi)(xi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)基于(yu)優先(xian)權的(de)(de)分(fen)級分(fen)類的(de)(de)顯示(shi)。不用人(ren)工(gong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li),實時將當(dang)前時段的(de)(de)告(gao)(gao)警信息(xi)(xi)(xi)分(fen)門別(bie)類地顯示(shi)出來(lai)并提示(shi)用戶目前出現(xian)了哪些級別(bie)的(de)(de)告(gao)(gao)警信息(xi)(xi)(xi),目前需要先(xian)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)那些告(gao)(gao)警,一目了然(ran)。異常(chang)(chang)診(zhen)斷與(yu)分(fen)析(xi)。針對(dui)系統異常(chang)(chang)信號,進(jin)行(xing)(xing)診(zhen)斷與(yu)分(fen)析(xi),依據智(zhi)能(neng)告(gao)(gao)警知識庫以及推理(li)(li)(li)引擎,獲取事件的(de)(de)影響(xiang)范圍與(yu)信息(xi)(xi)(xi),并給予運行(xing)(xing)人(ren)員(yuan)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)意見。智(zhi)能(neng)化故障診(zhen)斷。綜合分(fen)析(xi)出診(zhen)斷結(jie)果,供(gong)各級值(zhi)班、調度人(ren)員(yuan)參(can)(can)考。利用智(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)內豐富的(de)(de)保護信息(xi)(xi)(xi),在智(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)端綜合各類數據源信息(xi)(xi)(xi),并進(jin)行(xing)(xing)智(zhi)能(neng)分(fen)析(xi),初(chu)步(bu)給出故障診(zhen)斷結(jie)果,為智(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)值(zhi)班人(ren)員(yuan)了解站(zhan)內故障情況提供(gong)參(can)(can)考依據。智(zhi)能(neng)告(gao)(gao)警功能(neng)模型(xing)的(de)(de)維護。要求模型(xing)的(de)(de)設計具有適應性和(he)維護便捷(jie)性。
3.3.2告警(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)息(xi)分級(ji)(ji)過濾通過對電(dian)網中可(ke)能產生的報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)息(xi)進行大致(zhi)的分級(ji)(ji),分級(ji)(ji)方式根據不同(tong)地區(qu)使(shi)用(yong)者的需求不同(tong)而不盡相同(tong)。比如可(ke)以分為三(san)級(ji)(ji):故障跳(tiao)閘報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing),異(yi)常(chang)(chang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)提示。也可(ke)以分為五級(ji)(ji)到六級(ji)(ji):主保護報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、后備保護報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、開(kai)關刀(dao)閘動(dong)作報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、二次裝置異(yi)常(chang)(chang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、一(yi)(yi)次設備異(yi)常(chang)(chang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、其(qi)他一(yi)(yi)般(ban)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)[5]。
3.3.3故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)收集及(ji)簡報(bao)在某間隔發(fa)生故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、保護跳閘(zha)后(hou),后(hou)臺會自動(dong)(dong)彈出(chu)故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)間隔的分圖,觸(chu)發(fa)后(hou)臺事故音響,同時后(hou)臺還將彈出(chu)故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)簡報(bao),故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)簡報(bao)位(wei)于(yu)最上層,且故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)簡報(bao)不(bu)會自動(dong)(dong)消失,必須(xu)人為手動(dong)(dong)關閉才能消失。這樣方便運行人員及(ji)時發(fa)現跳閘(zha),并根據故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)簡報(bao)、錄波(bo)波(bo)形(xing)進(jin)行檢查(cha)分析。
3.3.4故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診(zhen)斷(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)及簡(jian)報利(li)用(yong)保(bao)護動(dong)作、開關跳閘信(xin)(xin)息(xi),以(yi)及大(da)量經由SCADA系(xi)(xi)統采(cai)集獲(huo)(huo)得的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi),采(cai)用(yong)基于保(bao)護動(dong)作鏈(lian)的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診(zhen)斷(duan)方法,得到系(xi)(xi)統故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)響應動(dong)作鏈(lian),即故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)響應流程,為調度員和(he)值班員了解故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)處(chu)理(li)(li)和(he)演(yan)變(bian)過(guo)程提供依據(ju)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診(zhen)斷(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)模(mo)塊(kuai)在收(shou)到啟動(dong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)的(de)信(xin)(xin)號后(hou),對(dui)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時段內的(de)告(gao)警(jing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)做過(guo)濾篩選預處(chu)理(li)(li),將獲(huo)(huo)取到告(gao)警(jing)數(shu)據(ju)結合事故(gu)(gu)(gu)后(hou)斷(duan)面進(jin)行(xing)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診(zhen)斷(duan),分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)數(shu)據(ju)源,利(li)用(yong)基于保(bao)護動(dong)作鏈(lian)的(de)原(yuan)理(li)(li)對(dui)保(bao)護動(dong)作告(gao)警(jing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)和(he)開關動(dong)作信(xin)(xin)息(xi)進(jin)行(xing)逐一分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi),最后(hou)得出(chu)診(zhen)斷(duan)結果。
3.4遠程調閱
遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)調閱(yue)(yue)(yue)系統由廠站(zhan)側的智能(neng)(neng)遠(yuan)(yuan)動機、廠站(zhan)側JMS客戶(hu)端、主站(zhan)側的圖(tu)形網關(guan)、主站(zhan)側JMS服(fu)務器組成。主站(zhan)和(he)(he)智能(neng)(neng)建筑之間的遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)調閱(yue)(yue)(yue)數(shu)據(ju)通(tong)過調度專線(xian)實(shi)現JMS通(tong)信,調閱(yue)(yue)(yue)對象(xiang)包(bao)括廠站(zhan)主接線(xian)圖(tu)和(he)(he)各間隔分(fen)圖(tu)(見(jian)圖(tu)2)。圖(tu)2遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)調閱(yue)(yue)(yue)基本(ben)架(jia)構遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)調閱(yue)(yue)(yue)數(shu)據(ju)傳輸(shu)包(bao)含(han)畫面(mian)文件(jian)(jian)傳輸(shu)和(he)(he)畫面(mian)動態數(shu)據(ju)傳輸(shu),配(pei)置分(fen)為畫面(mian)配(pei)置和(he)(he)通(tong)信配(pei)置。畫面(mian)配(pei)置包(bao)含(han)文件(jian)(jian)前綴設(she)置和(he)(he)畫面(mian)主頁設(she)置。通(tong)信協議(yi)采用基于JMS服(fu)務的DL/T476規約[6-7]。
3.5智能環境監測系統
在智能(neng)建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)機房內布置(zhi)一臺環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)服(fu)務器,安裝一套《動力環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)軟件》,通過(guo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)服(fu)務器對(dui)智能(neng)建(jian)筑(zhu)內的(de)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)模塊(kuai)進(jin)行集(ji)中管理。整合照明控(kong)(kong)制、采暖通風、視頻及環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)測及火災報(bao)警(jing)系(xi)統(tong)、實現系(xi)統(tong)間協調處理與聯動控(kong)(kong)制。環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)服(fu)務器負責其轄區內所有監(jian)控(kong)(kong)數據(ju)的(de)收集(ji)與處理,且(qie)有圖形數據(ju),并對(dui)數據(ju)作存儲(chu)、分(fen)析和展示、報(bao)警(jing)[8]。
4結語
綜上所述(shu),在(zai)智能(neng)(neng)建(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)氣(qi)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術應用的過程中,智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)氣(qi)系統的安裝、調試、功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的運行與管理都具有(you)重(zhong)要意(yi)義,在(zai)智能(neng)(neng)建(jian)筑(zhu)中優化電(dian)氣(qi)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術,不僅能(neng)(neng)夠提升(sheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)使用效(xiao)率和功(gong)能(neng)(neng),同(tong)時能(neng)(neng)夠促進智能(neng)(neng)建(jian)筑(zhu)的普及,為有(you)效(xiao)地解決智能(neng)(neng)建(jian)筑(zhu)中電(dian)氣(qi)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術存在(zai)的問(wen)題打下堅實的基礎。
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作(zuo)者(zhe):孫海龍 單位:山東經緯工(gong)程管理有(you)限公司