導(dao)語：建筑工程質(zhi)量提升策略(lve)探討一文(wen)來源(yuan)于網(wang)友(you)上傳，不代表本(ben)站觀點，若需要原創文(wen)章可咨(zi)詢客服老師，歡迎參考(kao)。

【摘要】建筑業正在由高速發展向高質量發展轉型，并逐漸以實現綠色低碳循環發展為目標，開展了一系列產業升級活動。諸多新技術、新材料、新工藝逐步應用在建筑市場競爭中，提高了行業整體質量水平，促進了行業健康良性發展。但在實際發展中，建筑工程質量仍存在一系列問題，主要體現在人員對綠色發展理念重視不足、企業對綠色建筑工程的資金投入不足、施工材料和方法有待改進等方面。因此，應針對上述問題提出針對性的解決對策以促進建筑工程質量的提升。

【關鍵詞】綠色(se)發展；建筑工程(cheng)；質量(liang)提升

1引言

2021年(nian)10月21日，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央辦公廳(ting)、國務院辦公廳(ting)印(yin)發了《關(guan)于推(tui)(tui)動城(cheng)(cheng)鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)發展(zhan)的意見》[1]并(bing)(bing)發出通知，明(ming)確(que)提(ti)(ti)出要轉(zhuan)變城(cheng)(cheng)鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)發展(zhan)方式(shi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)高品質(zhi)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，實施建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)領域碳(tan)達峰、碳(tan)中(zhong)和行動，規(gui)范綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)、運行、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，鼓勵建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)住(zhu)房(fang)，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)既有建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)化改造。在(zai)(zai)國家政(zheng)策(ce)的導向(xiang)下，各地正在(zai)(zai)加速(su)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)落(luo)實建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)發展(zhan)。根據(ju)住(zhu)房(fang)和城(cheng)(cheng)鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)部發布(bu)消息，截至2019年(nian)底，全國累計建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)低(di)碳(tan)環保建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)超過50億㎡，2019年(nian)當年(nian)占(zhan)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮新建(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)比(bi)(bi)例達到(dao)65%。根據(ju)相關(guan)行動方案(an)，到(dao)2022年(nian)，當年(nian)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮新建(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)低(di)碳(tan)環保建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)達到(dao)70%[2]。在(zai)(zai)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)低(di)碳(tan)環保建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)快速(su)發展(zhan)的背景下，現有建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體系并(bing)(bing)沒有根據(ju)行業環境及(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)方向(xiang)做出及(ji)(ji)時(shi)調整，使管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體系發展(zhan)滯(zhi)后的問(wen)題逐漸凸(tu)顯，嚴重影響建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量。本(ben)文(wen)從人(ren)員對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)發展(zhan)理(li)念的認識(shi)、企業對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)發展(zhan)的資金投入(ru)、施工(gong)(gong)方法及(ji)(ji)材料等(deng)方面進(jin)行分析，找出問(wen)題原因并(bing)(bing)提(ti)(ti)供解決對(dui)策(ce)。

2建筑工程質量障礙因素分析

2.1企(qi)業(ye)人員缺乏(fa)對(dui)綠(lv)色建筑工程理念的認識

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)內部(bu)各級(ji)人員(yuan)(yuan)普遍欠缺(que)對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)認(ren)(ren)(ren)識。人員(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)切活動開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)，是(shi)(shi)使(shi)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)順利進(jin)(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)重要保障。因此，提高(gao)(gao)人員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)理(li)念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)識可以加(jia)快(kuai)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)步(bu)伐。目(mu)(mu)(mu)前，多數參與項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)各級(ji)人員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)理(li)念(nian)認(ren)(ren)(ren)識匱乏，也沒有(you)(you)配套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)體系為(wei)(wei)在項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)中落實綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)服務[3]。造(zao)成這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)況發生的(de)(de)(de)原因主要有(you)(you)：項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)團隊中人員(yuan)(yuan)素質參差不(bu)齊，對(dui)政策形勢的(de)(de)(de)解讀也各有(you)(you)不(bu)一(yi)；人員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)中實施后，是(shi)(shi)否會影(ying)響自身利益表(biao)示(shi)擔憂，因此不(bu)愿做(zuo)出改(gai)變(bian)；企(qi)業(ye)領導(dao)者對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)重視，仍以傳統方式開(kai)展(zhan)后續工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。多種(zhong)(zhong)原因導(dao)致相關從業(ye)人員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)理(li)念(nian)認(ren)(ren)(ren)識不(bu)到位，使(shi)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)融合綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)發展(zhan)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)緩慢，阻礙現有(you)(you)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)朝著綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)。表(biao)1為(wei)(wei)哈(ha)爾濱市當地幾家(jia)規模較大的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)各級(ji)人員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)知程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。將認(ren)(ren)(ren)知程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)十個等級(ji)，等級(ji)越高(gao)(gao)代(dai)表(biao)認(ren)(ren)(ren)知程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)越高(gao)(gao)，等級(ji)越低代(dai)表(biao)認(ren)(ren)(ren)知程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)越低。由表(biao)1可知，由上至下各級(ji)人員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)知程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)存在較大差距，為(wei)(wei)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)增添(tian)了難(nan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。

2.2企業對綠色建筑工(gong)程的資金(jin)投入不(bu)足

目(mu)(mu)前(qian)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在實際(ji)運行建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)中缺乏對(dui)(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金投入。近些(xie)年，國(guo)內(nei)(nei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高速發(fa)展，隨之而來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)排放，其中二氧化碳(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排放量最為突出，對(dui)(dui)環境響顯(xian)著。因此，國(guo)家目(mu)(mu)前(qian)大力倡(chang)導建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)朝著綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展方向(xiang)轉變(bian)，此目(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背后(hou)需要國(guo)內(nei)(nei)各建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)努力，這(zhe)就離不開對(dui)(dui)綠(lv)色(se)(se)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金投入。但目(mu)(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現狀是(shi)(shi)大部分建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，尤其是(shi)(shi)民營(ying)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，過(guo)于看中項目(mu)(mu)所帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收益，盡可能(neng)地(di)開源(yuan)節流，削減企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為發(fa)展綠(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)而進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金投入，甚(shen)至(zhi)個別企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)遵循利益至(zhi)上，完全忽視(shi)綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，阻礙了綠(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改進[4]。

2.3現有(you)施工方法缺乏綠色理念(nian)

目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)缺(que)乏對(dui)(dui)綠色(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、綠色(se)(se)發(fa)展理念的(de)(de)(de)(de)融合，使某(mou)些施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)依然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源浪費(fei)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中產(chan)生大量污染問題，大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑垃(la)圾也隨著工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷推進(jin)而(er)產(chan)生，直接加(jia)重建筑垃(la)圾處理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金和人(ren)員投入(ru)，對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)周(zhou)邊環境也產(chan)生了較為嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞。造成上述問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本原因(yin)主要(yao)在(zai)(zai)于：目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)參與(yu)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各級人(ren)員缺(que)乏推陳(chen)出(chu)(chu)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)創新思想(xiang)，依然(ran)沿用傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)和流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中具體(ti)表(biao)現在(zai)(zai)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)與(yu)花費(fei)人(ren)力(li)物力(li)對(dui)(dui)各級人(ren)員進(jin)行培(pei)訓方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)、對(dui)(dui)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風險性(xing)評估方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)、改(gai)(gai)進(jin)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)效益的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)等。因(yin)此，應(ying)加(jia)大施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)力(li)度，努力(li)填(tian)補施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)綠色(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、綠色(se)(se)發(fa)展理念欠(qian)缺(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，對(dui)(dui)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)及(ji)時做出(chu)(chu)分析調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)，保證方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)安全(quan)性(xing)與(yu)可實(shi)施(shi)性(xing)[5]。

2.4施工材(cai)料改(gai)進不徹(che)底

在實際(ji)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)工(gong)方法及材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)改進不(bu)徹底(di)的(de)(de)(de)現象時(shi)有(you)(you)發(fa)生，在選(xuan)(xuan)擇采(cai)購項目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設所(suo)需材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)時(shi)，仍(reng)然遵循以往(wang)所(suo)用的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，忽視新(xin)型(xing)綠色建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)用。據實際(ji)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)成本統(tong)計(ji)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)大部分支出(chu)都源于材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)支出(chu)，約(yue)占項目(mu)(mu)(mu)總(zong)費用的(de)(de)(de)55%~60%。因(yin)此，將(jiang)綠色發(fa)展融入(ru)實際(ji)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)，首先要(yao)(yao)對材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進行合理選(xuan)(xuan)用。目(mu)(mu)(mu)前，有(you)(you)益于綠色發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)種(zhong)類較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，例如：陶(tao)瓷(ci)保溫板(ban)(ban)、塑料(liao)(liao)金屬復合管、高密(mi)度纖(xian)維板(ban)(ban)等。但遺憾的(de)(de)(de)是，目(mu)(mu)(mu)前大多(duo)(duo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)企業并沒有(you)(you)因(yin)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)更新(xin)實施(shi)相關舉措，主要(yao)(yao)原因(yin)在于：不(bu)愿更換長期(qi)合作的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)供(gong)應方、企業對新(xin)型(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)了解認知較(jiao)少、應用新(xin)型(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)會對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程造價(jia)產生負(fu)面影響等，上述因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)客觀存在阻(zu)礙了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程質量評(ping)價(jia)體系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)[6]。

3建筑工程質量改進策略——以某地區經適房工程項目為例

3.1項目概況

該項(xiang)目是地方政府主導(dao)的(de)(de)經(jing)適房建(jian)筑(zhu)，本身就具備(bei)推行綠色(se)施工、綠色(se)發展的(de)(de)動(dong)力與實施保(bao)障，項(xiang)目總(zong)建(jian)筑(zhu)面積313356㎡，總(zong)占地面積242989㎡，共計(ji)房屋482戶，主要(yao)由兩(liang)棟(dong)34層及兩(liang)棟(dong)35層高層住宅建(jian)筑(zhu)及地下室組成，周邊市政道路配套齊全，交通便利(li)，位置優越。各(ge)房屋建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)主體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)均為現澆鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)剪力墻(qiang)結(jie)構(gou)，地基基礎(chu)采用預應力混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)靜壓管(guan)樁基礎(chu)，設(she)計(ji)使(shi)用年限為50a，抗(kang)震(zhen)設(she)防類別為丙類，抗(kang)震(zhen)設(she)防烈度(du)(du)為7度(du)(du)。

3.2建筑工程質量改進策略

3.2.1　增強人員(yuan)對(dui)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)理(li)念的(de)認(ren)識(shi)(shi)該項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)人員(yuan)對(dui)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)環保理(li)念較為(wei)重(zhong)視(shi)，采(cai)取(qu)一系(xi)(xi)列有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)管理(li)方法，其中較為(wei)有(you)效的(de)方法是(shi)在(zai)企業(ye)集(ji)團(tuan)總(zong)部、下(xia)屬各(ge)(ge)級(ji)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)、各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經理(li)部門(men)(men)均設置(zhi)了專門(men)(men)負責建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)領(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)組，組內(nei)人員(yuan)采(cai)取(qu)專職和(he)兼(jian)職相(xiang)結合模式(shi)，在(zai)關鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)部署上(shang)設立(li)專業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師領(ling)導(dao)組內(nei)成員(yuan)開展(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。同時(shi)，在(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經理(li)對(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方面(mian)負總(zong)責，并另(ling)設兼(jian)職綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師，以此增強項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)各(ge)(ge)級(ji)人員(yuan)對(dui)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)認(ren)識(shi)(shi)，在(zai)具體實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)過程(cheng)中進行監督(du)，保證建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)順(shun)利進行，同時(shi)，綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師會(hui)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中對(dui)各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)具體實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)情(qing)況做(zuo)好記錄(lu)，定期上(shang)交到各(ge)(ge)級(ji)分(fen)公(gong)司(si)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)領(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)組，并由組內(nei)成員(yuan)進行分(fen)析和(he)篩(shai)選，最(zui)終將整理(li)完(wan)畢(bi)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)記錄(lu)上(shang)交到集(ji)團(tuan)總(zong)部，供集(ji)團(tuan)總(zong)部綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)領(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)組參(can)考并給出(chu)進一步(bu)指導(dao)意(yi)見和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)議。此綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量管理(li)體系(xi)(xi)兼(jian)具從實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)出(chu)發(fa)、體系(xi)(xi)完(wan)整的(de)特點(dian)，并在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)中得到檢驗，因此對(dui)其他建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)企業(ye)在(zai)解(jie)決實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量管理(li)問(wen)題時(shi)具有(you)參(can)考價值(zhi)，有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量改進，具體實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)流程(cheng)及(ji)管理(li)劃分(fen)如圖(tu)1所示。

3.2.2　加(jia)大對(dui)綠色(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)大對(dui)綠色(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、綠色(se)(se)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)資金投入在(zai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)擬(ni)建初期，參與(yu)該(gai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)各級管(guan)理人員對(dui)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)綠色(se)(se)發展(zhan)(zhan)、綠色(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方面極其重視(shi)，投入了(le)大量資金確(que)保綠色(se)(se)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)順利實施(shi)。案(an)例表明(ming)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)運行(xing)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)時(shi)，對(dui)綠色(se)(se)發展(zhan)(zhan)、綠色(se)(se)建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量方面的(de)(de)資金投入是有助于企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)未(wei)來(lai)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)，對(dui)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)名(ming)譽及業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內影響力的(de)(de)提(ti)升具有積(ji)極推(tui)動作用(yong)。同(tong)時(shi)，積(ji)極落實綠色(se)(se)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、綠色(se)(se)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)理念可提(ti)高企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)相關監管(guan)部門(men)監管(guan)體(ti)系中(zhong)的(de)(de)評(ping)價分(fen)數，為更好地(di)服務消費者，造(zao)福社會奠(dian)定(ding)基礎。

3.2.3　改進(jin)現有施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法和(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)該(gai)項目(mu)(mu)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法和(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)改進(jin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)采取“四節(jie)一(yi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)”的(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，即節(jie)能(neng)、節(jie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)、節(jie)水(shui)、節(jie)地、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。在(zai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)(bao)護中(zhong)采取揚塵控制(zhi)、噪(zao)音污染控制(zhi)、廢氣(qi)排放控制(zhi)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑垃(la)圾控制(zhi)、污水(shui)排放控制(zhi)、光污染控制(zhi)等(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列控制(zhi)手段，積極響應國家對綠(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程、綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)號召，強(qiang)化在(zai)綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)背景下對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)把控力度。此外，在(zai)節(jie)能(neng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)最(zui)為突出的(de)(de)是該(gai)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理人員改進(jin)了(le)(le)傳統(tong)(tong)樁基施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法，用(yong)新(xin)型的(de)(de)旋轉鉆機代(dai)替傳統(tong)(tong)鉆孔機，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低了(le)(le)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)消耗，提高了(le)(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)效率，避免資源(yuan)的(de)(de)浪費，從而(er)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價得到(dao)大(da)幅(fu)降(jiang)低，同時其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量仍優于利(li)用(yong)傳統(tong)(tong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法達到(dao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量。材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)該(gai)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理人員在(zai)各個(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)上都(dou)優先考慮采用(yong)新(xin)型綠(lv)色(se)(se)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，并(bing)(bing)根據施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)流程和(he)(he)先后順(shun)序，對可回收(shou)再利(li)用(yong)物資建(jian)(jian)(jian)立清單，并(bing)(bing)制(zhi)定相應材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)計(ji)劃，控制(zhi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)用(yong)量，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)現場材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)物盡(jin)其(qi)用(yong)。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法和(he)(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，該(gai)項目(mu)(mu)人員進(jin)行了(le)(le)大(da)膽的(de)(de)創新(xin)和(he)(he)改進(jin)，其(qi)中(zhong)就包括基坑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)封閉降(jiang)水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程水(shui)回收(shou)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、外墻體自保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)體系(xi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)十(shi)余(yu)項施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。因(yin)(yin)此，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法以(yi)及材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量的(de)(de)前(qian)提下，應積極采用(yong)新(xin)型綠(lv)色(se)(se)低碳、低能(neng)耗材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，并(bing)(bing)根據實際情(qing)況(kuang)適當改進(jin)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)綠(lv)色(se)(se)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)有效進(jin)行，真(zhen)正做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)節(jie)能(neng)減排、低碳環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)，避免因(yin)(yin)廢氣(qi)廢水(shui)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑垃(la)圾、噪(zao)音粉塵等(deng)因(yin)(yin)素對環(huan)(huan)(huan)境造成破壞，從而(er)阻礙綠(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)程。

4結語

目前，國家重視建(jian)筑行業(ye)(ye)(ye)的綠色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展，出臺的相關行業(ye)(ye)(ye)政策(ce)也逐步(bu)導向(xiang)綠色(se)(se)建(jian)筑工程，因此(ci)，各建(jian)筑企業(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)積(ji)極尋找綠色(se)(se)建(jian)筑工程質(zhi)量改(gai)進(jin)策(ce)略，緊跟時(shi)代(dai)發(fa)(fa)展步(bu)伐，助(zhu)力(li)建(jian)筑行業(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)綠色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展方向(xiang)邁進(jin)。

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作者:范云翠(cui) 劉梓涵 單(dan)位:吉林建筑大(da)學