導語(yu)：如何(he)才能寫好一篇電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)師的(de)培訓，這就需要搜(sou)集(ji)整(zheng)理(li)更多的(de)資料和文(wen)獻(xian)，歡迎閱(yue)讀由公務員之(zhi)家(jia)整(zheng)理(li)的(de)十(shi)篇范文(wen)，供你借(jie)鑒。

篇1

［論文摘要］ 電子化培訓具有時空靈活、內(nei)容靈活、效(xiao)果突出、成(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)低(di)等特點，成(cheng)為企業進行培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)的(de)(de)必然選擇(ze)(ze)。電子(zi)(zi)化(hua)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)可(ke)以幫(bang)助員(yuan)工盡快完成(cheng)對(dui)工作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)位和工作(zuo)(zuo)環境的(de)(de)適應(ying)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)工作(zuo)(zuo)技能，還能提(ti)(ti)供便捷的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)管(guan)理，如培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)申請、培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)課程與(yu)內(nei)容的(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)、學習監(jian)督(du)與(yu)考(kao)核(he)，大大地提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)員(yuan)工的(de)(de)學習積極(ji)性和有效(xiao)性。本(ben)文探討(tao)企業成(cheng)功實施電子(zi)(zi)化(hua)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)所需的(de)(de)關鍵要素(su)，如企業高(gao)層的(de)(de)支持、電子(zi)(zi)化(hua)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)系統的(de)(de)實施與(yu)應(ying)用、電子(zi)(zi)化(hua)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)對(dui)師(shi)資力量和課程設計(ji)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)以及培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)制度的(de)(de)建立與(yu)完善等。  

 

一、前言 

 

網(wang)(wang)絡技術(shu)飛速發(fa)(fa)展，對人們的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活方式，工(gong)作方式和學(xue)習(xi)方式都產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)重大的(de)(de)影響。根據中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)互聯網(wang)(wang)絡信息(xi)中(zhong)心(xin)（cnnic）2010年(nian)(nian)7月的(de)(de)《第二十六次中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)互聯網(wang)(wang)絡發(fa)(fa)展狀(zhuang)況調查統計報告》，截至2010年(nian)(nian)6月31日，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)網(wang)(wang)民總(zong)人數達到4．2億。互聯網(wang)(wang)已經發(fa)(fa)展成為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)乃至全(quan)世界增長最快(kuai)、市場潛力最大的(de)(de)產(chan)業之一。信息(xi)技術(shu)、通訊技術(shu)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展帶來了(le)學(xue)習(xi)方式的(de)(de)變革，尤(you)其是網(wang)(wang)絡技術(shu)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，對學(xue)校教育和企業培訓都產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)重要的(de)(de)影響。 

 

二(er)、電子化(hua)培(pei)訓 

 

20世紀90年代電子化培訓在美國(guo)誕生。發達(da)國(guo)家超(chao)過80％的公(gong)司采用了電子化培訓方(fang)式，而在我國(guo)，企業培訓市場還是以傳統培訓為主。 

廣(guang)義的電子化(hua)培訓是指利用電子信息(xi)技術來傳遞教學的內容，傳遞的方式(shi)(shi)包含國際互聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)（internet）、企(qi)業(ye)內部網(wang)(wang)(wang)（intranet）、企(qi)業(ye)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)相關的組織間建立的外(wai)部網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡（extranet）、衛(wei)星傳遞（satellite broadcast）、錄(lu)音及(ji)(ji)錄(lu)影帶、交互式(shi)(shi)電視及(ji)(ji)cd－rom等。電子化(hua)培訓主(zhu)要(yao)有以下特點： 

1．電子化(hua)(hua)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓在時間(jian)(jian)和(he)地點(dian)的(de)安排上比較靈活。電子化(hua)(hua)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓只要在有(you)網絡的(de)地方隨(sui)時都可(ke)以(yi)進行培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓，時間(jian)(jian)、地點(dian)都可(ke)以(yi)靈活地做出安排，因此培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓教師和(he)學員(yuan)不會受(shou)到限(xian)制，還(huan)能夠(gou)消除參加人員(yuan)數量(liang)和(he)結構的(de)限(xian)制。 

2．電子化(hua)培(pei)訓的(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)可以根(gen)據需(xu)要(yao)選擇(ze)。電子化(hua)培(pei)訓的(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)全面，信息(xi)量大(da)，內(nei)容(rong)更新快。受訓人(ren)員可以根(gen)據自己(ji)的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)選擇(ze)受訓內(nei)容(rong)。 

3．電(dian)子化(hua)培訓(xun)(xun)可以(yi)綜合(he)各種媒體的優勢，大(da)大(da)提高了培訓(xun)(xun)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果。電(dian)子化(hua)培訓(xun)(xun)的方(fang)式靈活(huo)多樣，可以(yi)將音頻、視頻、動畫、文(wen)本以(yi)及交互(hu)式材(cai)料(liao)綜合(he)起來，激(ji)發員(yuan)工(gong)的學習(xi)興(xing)趣，幫助每一位學生(sheng)以(yi)最適合(he)自己(ji)的速度學習(xi)，是一種效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率更(geng)高的教學技(ji)術。電(dian)子化(hua)培訓(xun)(xun)方(fang)式還大(da)大(da)提高了培訓(xun)(xun)的針對性(xing)，能夠為(wei)員(yuan)工(gong)量身定(ding)做培訓(xun)(xun)方(fang)案，可重復性(xing)學習(xi)，還易于隨時(shi)掌(zhang)握培訓(xun)(xun)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果，以(yi)改進培訓(xun)(xun)內容。 

4．電(dian)子(zi)化培(pei)訓的(de)成本顯著降低，包(bao)括培(pei)訓的(de)場地設施、教材、差旅費等費用很(hen)大程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)將取(qu)消或削減。據(ju)統(tong)計，電(dian)子(zi)化培(pei)訓能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠節省50％~70％的(de)費用，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠將一些課程(cheng)分解(jie)為短(duan)小(xiao)的(de)片斷，然后分成多(duo)天或多(duo)個(ge)星(xing)期學習(xi)。對企業來說，這(zhe)種方式能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠避(bi)免全天候培(pei)訓對工(gong)作造成的(de)影響(xiang)。

三、企業成功實施電子化培訓所需的(de)關鍵要素 

 

（一）企業高(gao)層(ceng)的支持和(he)對電子化(hua)培(pei)訓的宣傳(chuan) 

企(qi)業高(gao)層是電子(zi)化(hua)培(pei)訓實施的(de)重要支持力(li)(li)量。企(qi)業高(gao)層主(zhu)管(guan)親自參與(yu)企(qi)業電子(zi)化(hua)培(pei)訓系統的(de)構建，可以獲得更多的(de)人(ren)力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)以及財力(li)(li)的(de)支持。向員工宣傳電子(zi)化(hua)培(pei)訓，提高(gao)員工的(de)計算機使用能(neng)力(li)(li)，能(neng)夠使員工學習積極性提高(gao)，自主(zhu)學習能(neng)力(li)(li)增強。 

（二）實施(shi)電子化培訓系統進行員工培訓與開(kai)發 

一個完整(zheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)化培訓(xun)系(xi)統(tong)是由電(dian)(dian)子(zi)化培訓(xun)課件和學習管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)組成。電(dian)(dian)子(zi)化培訓(xun)系(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以提供的(de)功能主(zhu)要有： 

1．員(yuan)工(gong)信息管理系統。員(yuan)工(gong)信息管理系統主要包括(kuo)(kuo)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)注冊、審(shen)核和信息的(de)修改等。企(qi)業的(de)員(yuan)工(gong)通過自己的(de)用(yong)戶(hu)名(ming)申請學習(xi)資格，通過密碼(ma)進入學習(xi)系統。對自己的(de)個人信息進行登記，包括(kuo)(kuo)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)職務、所在的(de)部(bu)(bu)門(men)、培訓(xun)經歷、學歷等，以(yi)方便培訓(xun)管理者(zhe)(zhe)對員(yuan)工(gong)更好的(de)了(le)解。管理者(zhe)(zhe)可以(yi)直接根據部(bu)(bu)門(men)或者(zhe)(zhe)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)姓(xing)名(ming)對員(yuan)工(gong)信息進行查詢。 

2．培訓(xun)(xun)計劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)管理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。對于(yu)課程(cheng)內容，培訓(xun)(xun)管理者(zhe)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)根(gen)據本公司和本部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)需(xu)求添加、更(geng)改(gai)、刪除課件；對員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)學(xue)習申請進行批(pi)準(zhun)。還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)利(li)用(yong)電子化(hua)培訓(xun)(xun)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)課件制作工(gong)具(ju)將企業(ye)或部(bu)(bu)門(men)擁有(you)的(de)(de)一些珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)學(xue)習資源制作成個性化(hua)的(de)(de)文(wen)檔、視頻、音頻等各式的(de)(de)課程(cheng)，上傳到學(xue)習系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)，使公司的(de)(de)知識得(de)到更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)共享。也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在線(xian)制定(ding)公司整體(ti)的(de)(de)培訓(xun)(xun)計劃(hua)(hua)或者(zhe)部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)培訓(xun)(xun)計劃(hua)(hua)，隨著計劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)實施可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)對計劃(hua)(hua)進行適當的(de)(de)修改(gai)，使其更(geng)適應(ying)企業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。 

3．培(pei)訓的(de)(de)跟蹤(zong)監(jian)控系統。培(pei)訓管(guan)理(li)者可(ke)以對(dui)(dui)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)整個學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)過程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)監(jian)督(du)，對(dui)(dui)每個員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)課(ke)程(cheng)，以及課(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)間，學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)進(jin)(jin)度，或者是每門課(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)人員(yuan)和學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)間都可(ke)以進(jin)(jin)行(xing)統計，對(dui)(dui)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)在學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中所作的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)筆(bi)記(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢查，完(wan)整的(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)狀(zhuang)況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)監(jian)控，為員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)績效考(kao)核提供依據。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)積極(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)獎勵，沒有按時(shi)完(wan)成學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)計劃的(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)督(du)促。在數據統計的(de)(de)基礎上對(dui)(dui)培(pei)訓計劃進(jin)(jin)行(xing)修(xiu)訂，達到更(geng)好的(de)(de)培(pei)訓效果。 

4． 系統(tong)平臺。一個(ge)(ge)成功的電子化培(pei)訓需要(yao)有(you)一個(ge)(ge)較為完善的教(jiao)學(xue)信息管理平臺為學(xue)員(yuan)提(ti)供(gong)學(xue)習支持。它是基于網絡(luo)、便于交互、界面(mian)友好的軟件系統(tong)， 而且涵蓋教(jiao)育、教(jiao)學(xue)、管理等各個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)， 從(cong)學(xue)員(yuan)培(pei)訓、教(jiao)學(xue)管理直到培(pei)訓結束(shu)，都要(yao)使用這個(ge)(ge)平臺， 使教(jiao)學(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)、交流過(guo)程(cheng)、管理過(guo)程(cheng)能(neng)夠順利展(zhan)開。同時， 這個(ge)(ge)平臺的內(nei)容(rong)要(yao)隨時更新， 以適應社會的發展(zhan)趨勢。 

（三）電(dian)子化培(pei)訓對教(jiao)師提出了較高的要求(qiu) 

電子化培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)要求培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)教(jiao)師既是(shi)一位(wei)現代教(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)工(gong)作(zuo)者， 又(you)是(shi)一位(wei)熟練的(de)計(ji)算機(ji)操作(zuo)員(yuan)。培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)教(jiao)師還要根據培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)目標設計(ji)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)內容(rong)(rong)， 選(xuan)擇培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)方(fang)式(shi)， 然后把培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)內容(rong)(rong)放(fang)到(dao)網上。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，教(jiao)師要通過(guo)網絡(luo)交(jiao)互平臺對不同(tong)進(jin)度、不同(tong)程度、不同(tong)能力的(de)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)給予不同(tong)的(de)幫助和輔導，引導受訓(xun)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)開展自主(zhu)性學習(xi)。此外，需要項目維護人員(yuan)定時(shi)(shi)對培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)系(xi)統進(jin)行(xing)維護，避免發生因(yin)系(xi)統故障而(er)導致學員(yuan)無法進(jin)行(xing)學習(xi)的(de)狀況。 

（四）電子化(hua)培訓的課程設(she)計要充分考慮(lv)成(cheng)人的學習特點 

借(jie)助圖表、漫畫、音(yin)視頻、flash 動(dong)畫等(deng)生動(dong)的(de)多媒體技術手段，采用角色扮演、情景(jing)模擬、場景(jing)對話、案(an)例分(fen)析等(deng)互動(dong)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)方式，使學(xue)(xue)(xue)員(yuan)置身于一種(zhong)人性(xing)化的(de)輕松(song)氛圍中，能(neng)(neng)夠在“例中學(xue)(xue)(xue)”、“玩中學(xue)(xue)(xue)”，從而(er)加深理解(jie)，快速掌握知(zhi)識和(he)技能(neng)(neng)。在課(ke)程內容選擇(ze)上，不但要充分(fen)考慮學(xue)(xue)(xue)員(yuan)的(de)專業(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習課(ke)程，還要考慮學(xue)(xue)(xue)員(yuan)未(wei)來(lai)的(de)職(zhi)業(ye)發展需要，盡(jin)量滿(man)足學(xue)(xue)(xue)員(yuan)綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)力發展的(de)需求。 

（五）完善(shan)培訓制度建設(she) 

對于(yu)實(shi)施電子化培訓的(de)企(qi)業來說， 制(zhi)定明確(que)的(de)規章(zhang)制(zhi)度是必不可(ke)少的(de)。首先， 要(yao)制(zhi)定明確(que)的(de)目標。其次，要(yao)制(zhi)定相(xiang)關的(de)培訓制(zhi)度。最后， 實(shi)行培訓標準化， 保證培訓的(de)時效性(xing)、一致(zhi)性(xing)和完整性(xing)。 

 

四(si)、結束語(yu) 

 

電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)將是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)方式(shi)的(de)主要(yao)趨勢(shi)，也(ye)是信息時(shi)代企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)的(de)首要(yao)選擇(ze)。知識經濟時(shi)代信息技術迅速發展，為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)實施(shi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)提供了前提條件。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經營(ying)革命和企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)人力(li)資源競爭(zheng)也(ye)促(cu)使(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)需要(yao)加大培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)投入來(lai)增強員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)忠誠度，保(bao)持企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)競爭(zheng)優勢(shi)。電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)和傳統培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)方式(shi)相(xiang)比所具(ju)有的(de)優勢(shi)以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)用于新員(yuan)(yuan)工培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)開發對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)意義(yi)也(ye)是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)選擇(ze)這種(zhong)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)方式(shi)的(de)重要(yao)原因。 

實(shi)施(shi)電子(zi)化培訓(xun)方式(shi)進行(xing)員工培訓(xun)開發是(shi)有一定要求(qiu)(qiu)的，只(zhi)有符合(he)要求(qiu)(qiu)、具(ju)備實(shi)施(shi)條(tiao)件的企業才能(neng)夠采用電子(zi)化培訓(xun)的方式(shi)，同時，也可以盡可能(neng)避免電子(zi)化培訓(xun)實(shi)施(shi)過(guo)程中可能(neng)出現問(wen)題。 

 

主要參(can)考文(wen)獻 

篇2

［關鍵詞(ci)］電氣工(gong)程 質量控制(zhi) 施工(gong)管理

［中圖分類號］TU71 ［文獻(xian)標識碼］A ［文章(zhang)編號］1009－5349（2012）06－0118－01

隨著(zhu)科學技術的(de)(de)發展進(jin)步，安(an)全管理中的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)作用日益(yi)明(ming)顯。電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)直接影響到整個機(ji)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)安(an)全運(yun)行、節能效(xiao)果及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投入后的(de)(de)使(shi)用效(xiao)果，如電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備、線路是(shi)否(fou)存在漏電(dian)，電(dian)視(shi)監控系統是(shi)否(fou)正常運(yun)行，爆炸和火災危(wei)險環境施工(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)否(fou)符合(he)規(gui)范要(yao)求都影響到工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)安(an)全運(yun)行。

一個合(he)格的總承(cheng)包方電(dian)氣工程師不僅要(yao)熟練掌握專業(ye)技術知(zhi)識，還要(yao)做好對項目(mu)的質量控制、進度控制、投(tou)資(zi)控制、合(he)同(tong)管理(li)、安全管理(li)和施工等有關組織與協調(diao)管理(li)工作。

一、總承(cheng)包方(fang)電氣工程師的質量(liang)控制

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備階段(duan)的(de)(de)質量(liang)控制(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)前、設計交底和(he)圖紙會審時(shi)，可(ke)確定(ding)(ding)項目的(de)(de)一批(pi)質量(liang)控制(zhi)點(dian)(dian)。隨著工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)展開、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件的(de)(de)變化，隨時(shi)或定(ding)(ding)期的(de)(de)進(jin)行控制(zhi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)調整和(he)更新(xin)。同(tong)時(shi)跟蹤和(he)記錄控制(zhi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)狀(zhuang)態和(he)效(xiao)果，保持施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)受(shou)控狀(zhuang)態。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前通過編(bian)制(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)計劃，明(ming)確質量(liang)目標，設置質量(liang)管(guan)理點(dian)(dian)，落實(shi)質量(liang)責任，把先進(jin)技術、管(guan)理方法和(he)經驗(yan)智慧，創造(zao)性的(de)(de)應用于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目，要(yao)針對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中可(ke)能(neng)出現的(de)(de)質量(liang)通病(bing)采取有效(xiao)的(de)(de)措施(shi)和(he)對(dui)策。同(tong)時(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)按照分包合同(tong)的(de)(de)約定(ding)(ding)對(dui)其承(cheng)(cheng)包的(de)(de)分包工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)向總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包單(dan)位(wei)負責。

施(shi)工(gong)階段的(de)質量(liang)控制(zhi)在施(shi)工(gong)圖紙(zhi)會審(shen)完(wan)畢，施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位掌握了(le)相關技術資(zi)料，施(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)設計和施(shi)工(gong)方案經有關人(ren)員(yuan)審(shen)核通過后(hou)，施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)作(zuo)才可(ke)(ke)以(yi)開展(zhan)。施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)發現的(de)問(wen)題要及時提出并經設計同意后(hou)才可(ke)(ke)以(yi)更改，不允許私自更改圖紙(zhi)。施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)必須堅(jian)決執行(xing)和落(luo)實(shi)“三檢”制(zhi)。特別是隱(yin)蔽(bi)工(gong)程的(de)驗收(shou)，未經有關人(ren)員(yuan)在驗收(shou)表上簽字(zi)，下道(dao)工(gong)序的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)不得開展(zhan)，把監督(du)制(zhi)度(du)真正落(luo)實(shi)。

對于危(wei)險性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)部分(fen)(fen)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程或特殊施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程，還應要(yao)求施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業技(ji)(ji)術人員編制專(zhuan)(zhuan)項施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)，并經技(ji)(ji)術負責人審(shen)批后(hou)(hou)上報(bao)相(xiang)關人員審(shen)核通(tong)過后(hou)(hou)方可施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。超過一(yi)(yi)定(ding)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)危(wei)險性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)部分(fen)(fen)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程，還要(yao)組(zu)織專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)對專(zhuan)(zhuan)項施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)進行(xing)論證，論證通(tong)過后(hou)(hou)再組(zu)織施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中發現質(zhi)量控(kong)制點有異常時，應立即停止施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，召開分(fen)(fen)析會，查找原因采(cai)取對策予以解決。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)收集和整(zheng)理 施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)料(liao)是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內(nei)在(zai)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)體現，貫穿于整(zheng)個(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)料(liao)務必(bi)客觀、真實地反映(ying)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)質(zhi)量。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術資(zi)料(liao)應緊隨施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度，并要(yao)做到資(zi)料(liao)內(nei)容(rong)齊全，數據客觀、準確，簽字無(wu)遺漏。電氣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)料(liao)應統(tong)一(yi)(yi)管理并收集齊全，以方便(bian)以后(hou)(hou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)使用、維護、改擴建。

二(er)、總承包方電氣工程師的施(shi)工管理

（一）施工單位的選擇

電(dian)氣工(gong)程是(shi)相當復雜的，選擇一家設備齊全，技術優良，資信良好(hao)，售后服務好(hao)的單(dan)位(wei)對保證(zheng)工(gong)程質量是(shi)非常重要的。雖然(ran)專(zhuan)業(ye)工(gong)程師沒(mei)有權利直(zhi)接選擇分包(bao)單(dan)位(wei)，但是(shi)可以給公(gong)司領導(dao)建議(yi)(yi)權，對不符合資質的施工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)建議(yi)(yi)公(gong)司領導(dao)取消施工(gong)資格。

（二(er)）做(zuo)好圖紙審(shen)核工作

由于在機電施工(gong)中(zhong)，經常是電氣(qi)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)電纜(lan)導管等管道專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)管子，電氣(qi)的(de)埋地接地線和(he)電纜(lan)等被挖斷(duan)的(de)現(xian)象經常發(fa)(fa)生，因(yin)此做好(hao)圖(tu)紙會審工(gong)作(zuo)顯得尤(you)為(wei)重要。工(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)前，總承包單位(wei)電氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)師應(ying)認真組織各施工(gong)單位(wei)做好(hao)圖(tu)紙會審工(gong)作(zuo)，不能走過場(chang)、應(ying)付了事，要仔細審圖(tu)，把圖(tu)紙中(zhong)的(de)錯(cuo)誤和(he)不完(wan)善(shan)之處(chu)盡量(liang)在會審時解(jie)決。問題如(ru)不能盡早(zao)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)、處(chu)理，對工(gong)程(cheng)進度不僅有影響，可能還會影響工(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)，甚(shen)至引(yin)起糾紛。

（三）嚴格(ge)執行材料及設備檢驗

對電(dian)氣材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)設(she)備質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)進行嚴格把關是(shi)搞好電(dian)氣工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)關鍵，材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)設(she)備質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制不僅是(shi)提(ti)供工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)必要條(tiao)件，也是(shi)實現工(gong)程項目(mu)投資目(mu)標和(he)進度目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)。加(jia)強(qiang)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)檢測驗收，要求三證(zheng)(zheng)（生(sheng)產(chan)許可證(zheng)(zheng)、產(chan)品出廠證(zheng)(zheng)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保證(zheng)(zheng)書）齊全，還要定期抽查(cha)和(he)跟蹤材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，防止假冒(mao)偽劣產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)進入。控制優(you)先采(cai)用(yong)節能低碳(tan)的(de)(de)(de)新型材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)設(she)備，禁(jin)止使用(yong)國家明(ming)令禁(jin)止或淘(tao)汰的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)設(she)備等。

（四）電氣設(she)備的調(diao)試(shi)及(ji)實驗

電氣設備(bei)(bei)安裝好后(hou)應進行(xing)(xing)一(yi)系列的(de)(de)調試和(he)(he)實(shi)驗，在滿足施工規范(fan)標準及設計(ji)要求后(hou)，電氣設備(bei)(bei)方可投入試運行(xing)(xing)，總承包單位電氣工程(cheng)師必(bi)須參加關(guan)鍵設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)現場調試，應認真檢查(cha)電氣設備(bei)(bei)調試和(he)(he)實(shi)驗記錄，實(shi)驗報告與(yu)設備(bei)(bei)出廠實(shi)驗報告的(de)(de)差別應符合相(xiang)關(guan)規范(fan)規定。

三、總承包方(fang)電氣工程師(shi)的安全管理

首先，要堅決執行安(an)(an)全(quan)生產責(ze)任(ren)制度，要求施工單位編制針(zhen)對本工程(cheng)的安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術操作規(gui)程(cheng)并將安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)程(cheng)列為日(ri)常(chang)安(an)(an)全(quan)活動和安(an)(an)全(quan)教育的主(zhu)要內容，并懸掛(gua)在操作崗位前(qian)。

其次(ci)，建立定(ding)期(qi)(qi)安全(quan)教育培訓制度，定(ding)期(qi)(qi)對電氣(qi)技(ji)術(shu)工人(ren)進行用電安全(quan)教育培訓，電工必須持有勞動(dong)部門核發的資(zi)格證書，嚴禁無證人(ren)員上崗。

再次，電(dian)氣設備(bei)的制造、安(an)裝及(ji)防護(hu)、安(an)裝位置、配電(dian)分級(ji)、導(dao)線選擇及(ji)布(bu)線、接(jie)線等均要符(fu)合用電(dian)規范要求。臨時電(dian)氣設備(bei)應(ying)由專人操作及(ji)維(wei)修養護(hu)記錄、并留有記錄。

篇3

摘要：電氣(qi)工(gong)程管理設計審圖質量控制

本文現(xian)以(yi)施(shi)工方電(dian)氣工程(cheng)師的(de)工作(zuo)角(jiao)度，談談在電(dian)氣工程(cheng)各(ge)個階段的(de)管理工作(zuo)。

一、要充分熟(shu)悉到電氣(qi)工程在建筑工程中(zhong)的重要功能

電氣(qi)工(gong)程（本文所指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)工(gong)程泛指(zhi)工(gong)業(ye)和民用建(jian)(jian)筑中(zhong)(zhong)強電及弱電工(gong)程）是(shi)(shi)工(gong)程項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組(zu)成部(bu)分，假如(ru)把建(jian)(jian)筑比作計算(suan)(suan)機，結構相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)計算(suan)(suan)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)，建(jian)(jian)筑裝飾(shi)相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)計算(suan)(suan)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀，通風相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)計算(suan)(suan)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)散熱通風，那么電氣(qi)工(gong)程就相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)計算(suan)(suan)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)處理器(qi)（CPU），同時提供(gong)所有硬件(jian)運行(xing)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源。隨著建(jian)(jian)筑智能(neng)(neng)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速發(fa)展，電氣(qi)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位和功(gong)能(neng)(neng)越來越重要，直接(jie)關系(xi)到(dao)整(zheng)個工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、工(gong)期、投資和預期效果(guo)(guo)，工(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)直接(jie)影響到(dao)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)整(zheng)體設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)安(an)運行(xing)、節能(neng)(neng)效果(guo)(guo)及建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)投入(ru)使(shi)用后的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，包括(kuo)工(gong)作、生(sheng)活(huo)在(zai)其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)舒適(shi)性(xing)、平(ping)安(an)性(xing)、高效性(xing)。這里所說的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)安(an)性(xing)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)很廣，如(ru)電氣(qi)設備(bei)、線(xian)路是(shi)(shi)否(fou)存在(zai)漏(lou)電或火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)隱患，火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)報警及聯動控制系(xi)統(tong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)完(wan)善(shan)、運行(xing)正常，消(xiao)防設備(bei)、應急照明的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電是(shi)(shi)否(fou)可靠，保安(an)監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)完(wan)備(bei)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

二、電氣工程師應具有的(de)責任(ren)心及工作能力

電(dian)氣(qi)工程師應(ying)有對所負責(ze)的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)工程質量高度負責(ze)的(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)心，充(chong)分應(ying)用自己(ji)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業水(shui)平，深(shen)入、細致地搞好電(dian)氣(qi)工程的(de)(de)技術(shu)、質量、簽證、進度、平安等管理工作。

一(yi)個好的(de)電氣工(gong)程師(shi)首先要(yao)有(you)全面的(de)專業知(zhi)識，不僅要(yao)把(ba)握強電各系(xi)統(tong)的(de)內(nei)容及(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)，還(huan)要(yao)有(you)豐富(fu)的(de)弱電各系(xi)統(tong)的(de)知(zhi)識和(he)經驗；同時(shi)，還(huan)必(bi)須熟悉各種有(you)關(guan)的(de)設(she)計(ji)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)、有(you)關(guan)主管部門的(de)正式及(ji)“非正式”的(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定等，這些(xie)比施(shi)(shi)工(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)要(yao)多得多，而且(qie)(qie)涉及(ji)面廣，更新快(kuai)。而且(qie)(qie)近幾年興起的(de)建(jian)筑智能(neng)化設(she)計(ji)，尚無全面的(de)國家級規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)和(he)標準，僅有(you)個別子系(xi)統(tong)的(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)和(he)一(yi)些(xie)地(di)方規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)，目前來看，可以把(ba)這些(xie)地(di)方規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)作為設(she)計(ji)的(de)參(can)考(kao)。

盡(jin)管強(qiang)電各系統的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)已比較成熟，但(dan)電氣設備、材料(liao)及元件種(zhong)類繁多，并(bing)且還在(zai)不斷(duan)改進(jin)、更新換代，要想全面把握(wo)各種(zhong)電氣產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)性能，不經(jing)過一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)努力、沒有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗積累是(shi)很難做(zuo)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)。

要及(ji)時跟上(shang)建筑(zhu)智能化的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，把握各(ge)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)狀(zhuang)況，哪些是(shi)成熟(shu)的(de)、可應用于(yu)工程中。智能建筑(zhu)是(shi)一項(xiang)綜合的(de)、系(xi)統(tong)的(de)工程，而且在技(ji)術(shu)和應用上(shang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)很快(kuai)，投(tou)資(zi)比例不(bu)(bu)斷提高，電氣工程師必須不(bu)(bu)斷地(di)更新知識、把握發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)動(dong)態以充實自己，深入了解(jie)和把握各(ge)種建筑(zhu)智能化系(xi)統(tong)和產品(pin)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)性(xing)能、工程業績(ji)（包(bao)括成功和不(bu)(bu)成功的(de)案例）、投(tou)資(zi)情況、投(tou)入使用后的(de)效果等等，只有這樣(yang)才能跟上(shang)時代(dai)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，和時俱進。

電氣工(gong)(gong)程師還必(bi)須(xu)具有綜(zong)合(he)的業務水平(ping)和工(gong)(gong)作能(neng)力，如工(gong)(gong)程概預算(suan)、招投(tou)標(biao)、工(gong)(gong)序銜接及工(gong)(gong)種配合(he)、各種關系的協(xie)調(diao)等(deng)等(deng)。

三、電氣工(gong)程師在設計審圖(tu)(tu)及圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)會審階段(duan)應注重的新問(wen)題(ti)

要(yao)審查設計圖(tu)紙是否符合相(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)范(fan)或有關(guan)技術質量(liang)標(biao)準，設計是否合理和(he)優(you)化。非凡是對建筑智(zhi)能化的(de)(de)(de)設計，要(yao)防(fang)止盲目求大、求全，應以適用(yong)(yong)為主，考慮經濟承受能力(li)和(he)投(tou)資取得(de)的(de)(de)(de)回報。設計和(he)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)應是開放型的(de)(de)(de)，便于(yu)有條件(jian)時系統(tong)擴展、互聯和(he)信息(xi)共(gong)享(xiang)。

要根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)功能情況，明確(que)業主(zhu)對其(qi)項目的(de)定(ding)位和需(xu)求(qiu)。應(ying)(ying)提供(gong)意見和建(jian)議(yi)和業主(zhu)，及早協(xie)調明確(que)要設(she)置哪些系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，以便所設(she)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和主(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)同步(bu)進行(xing)，避免主(zhu)體(ti)完工(gong)(gong)后再上系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，難于施工(gong)(gong)，剔鑿造(zao)成對建(jian)筑的(de)破壞和浪費。尤其(qi)對建(jian)筑智能化各(ge)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)設(she)計，因系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)綜合性強、產品更新換代(dai)快、投資風險大，應(ying)(ying)慎重考慮實施。

要(yao)審查設(she)計是否體現了(le)工程(cheng)的經濟性、施(shi)工便(bian)利性的原則，許多成熟的技術及材(cai)料是否在本工程(cheng)中有所體現和運用(yong)(yong)。比如對高層住宅的設(she)計，有些部位配電(dian)線纜可以(yi)不必采(cai)用(yong)(yong)耐火型，供(gong)消防用(yong)(yong)的采(cai)用(yong)(yong)阻燃(ran)型即可，可以(yi)節(jie)省一半的材(cai)料費(fei)用(yong)(yong)；盡量用(yong)(yong)阻燃(ran)PVC線管(guan)或鍍(du)鋅電(dian)線管(guan)取代鋼管(guan)，既(ji)節(jie)約投資又可方便(bian)施(shi)工。很多設(she)計過(guo)于保守，變壓(ya)器容量偏大(da)，導致初期投資增加，投入(ru)使用(yong)(yong)后(hou)基(ji)本電(dian)費(fei)過(guo)高，只好報停，既(ji)麻煩又浪費(fei)。

作(zuo)為電(dian)氣工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師，應該認真(zhen)預備(bei)并組(zu)織好電(dian)氣圖紙(zhi)會(hui)審(shen)(shen)工(gong)作(zuo)，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)走過場(chang)、應付了事，要(yao)(yao)(yao)認真(zhen)審(shen)(shen)圖，把(ba)影響(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量，使(shi)用功能(neng)(neng)等(deng)方面的(de)新問(wen)(wen)題盡量在會(hui)審(shen)(shen)時(shi)解決(jue)。現(xian)在是(shi)(shi)市場(chang)經濟，從事工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)的(de)單位(wei)大都人(ren)員流動性大，加之(zhi)有(you)(you)的(de)單位(wei)設(she)計(ji)項目(mu)多，難免會(hui)出現(xian)一些(xie)新問(wen)(wen)題，如各專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)之(zhi)間缺乏溝通(tong)(tong)，圖紙(zhi)中“打架(jia)”、不(bu)(bu)一致的(de)地方多等(deng)等(deng)，這(zhe)些(xie)新問(wen)(wen)題如不(bu)(bu)及早(zao)提出、處(chu)理(li)(li)，影響(xiang)的(de)不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量，還(huan)會(hui)因返工(gong)而影響(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度、造(zao)價(jia)，甚至(zhi)引起(qi)糾紛。審(shen)(shen)圖時(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)應注(zhu)重幾點摘要(yao)(yao)(yao)：1）高壓(ya)、通(tong)(tong)訊、有(you)(you)線電(dian)視進(jin)戶預埋(mai)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)、標(biao)高是(shi)(shi)否合(he)(he)理(li)(li)；2）戶外假如有(you)(you)照明、閉路監控(kong)攝像頭（防盜報警探測器、公(gong)共廣(guang)播(bo)等(deng)，也要(yao)(yao)(yao)預埋(mai)合(he)(he)適的(de)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)，避(bi)免后期剔鑿。3）動力配電(dian)、控(kong)制設(she)計(ji)是(shi)(shi)否和其(qi)他相(xiang)關專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)一致。4）電(dian)纜橋架(jia)、插接母線、線槽等(deng)的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)、標(biao)高是(shi)(shi)否合(he)(he)理(li)(li)及便于(yu)安裝，避(bi)免和風管(guan)(guan)、水管(guan)(guan)等(deng)“打架(jia)”。5）預留套(tao)管(guan)(guan)、洞口是(shi)(shi)否有(you)(you)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)平面布置(zhi)圖，標(biao)高、尺(chi)寸是(shi)(shi)否標(biao)注(zhu)清楚。6）浴室等(deng)非凡場(chang)所的(de)電(dian)氣平安保護(hu)是(shi)(shi)否符(fu)合(he)(he)規范及驗收的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。總之(zhi)，在審(shen)(shen)圖時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做的(de)細致工(gong)作(zuo)還(huan)很(hen)多，這(zhe)里不(bu)(bu)一一列舉(ju)。

四(si)、電氣(qi)工(gong)程的(de)質量控制

工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的質量(liang)(liang)是幾代人(ren)的事，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設不(bu)同于(yu)科學實驗，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)有失(shi)敗，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)拿(na)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)做“實驗”。電氣工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)的好壞直(zhi)接影(ying)響建(jian)筑物功能(neng)(neng)是否正常運(yun)行(xing)，影(ying)響該建(jian)筑的社會效(xiao)益(yi)及經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)。

（一）施工(gong)預備階(jie)段的質(zhi)量(liang)控制

電氣工(gong)程師不(bu)能只停留在按圖(tu)施工(gong)的(de)水平，要全面熟悉設計圖(tu)紙，努力并善于發現圖(tu)紙中(zhong)的(de)不(bu)足(zu)，及(ji)時提(ti)出(chu)處理意見，對(dui)業主而(er)言(yan)是(shi)維護其利(li)益，對(dui)自(zi)己(ji)也是(shi)提(ti)高(gao)。

好的(de)(de)工程質量是由高素質高水平(ping)的(de)(de)施工人(ren)員(yuan)完(wan)成的(de)(de)，這(zhe)就要(yao)求施工前(qian)要(yao)對施工隊伍及(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)進行(xing)考(kao)核和評估，并調整好技工和普(pu)工的(de)(de)比(bi)例。要(yao)對技工進行(xing)持證上崗，但(dan)也不能偏(pian)信證件，因為(wei)現在假(jia)證存(cun)在較多，主要(yao)還要(yao)看實際操(cao)作水平(ping)。

電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)師要根據工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)實際(ji)情況編制施(shi)工(gong)組織設計（施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方案）并嚴格審查(cha)，要求有完善的(de)質(zhi)量保證體系、保證工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)各(ge)項技(ji)(ji)術(shu)辦法，而且應符合經(jing)會審的(de)設計圖紙及(ji)國家(jia)現行的(de)有關(guan)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)及(ji)驗(yan)收規范。

對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)班(ban)組及(ji)人員(yuan)進行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)總體技(ji)術交(jiao)底，由于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)流動性(xing)較大，還(huan)要根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)進度情況分階(jie)段進行(xing)(xing)交(jiao)底。明(ming)確現行(xing)(xing)實用的(de)規(gui)范及(ji)操作(zuo)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)和順序。對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)需的(de)資料(liao)表格及(ji)相關技(ji)術文件、要求、標準做(zuo)到心中有(you)數。對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中所(suo)有(you)的(de)材料(liao)、設備進行(xing)(xing)考查和確認，為下(xia)一步工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)創造條件。

根據業主及土建工程(cheng)的總體進度編制電氣(qi)工程(cheng)進度計劃、人員計劃、機具計劃并(bing)組織落實，工程(cheng)過程(cheng)中要根據實際情況及時修改及補充。

（二）施工階段(duan)的質量控制

施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)必須根據已(yi)會審(shen)后(hou)的(de)電氣(qi)設(she)計圖紙和有關技(ji)術文件，按照(zhao)國家(jia)現行(xing)的(de)電氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)及驗收規(gui)范，地方有關工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)的(de)法規(gui)、文件，經(jing)審(shen)批(pi)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)組織設(she)計（施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術方案）進(jin)行(xing)。施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)若發現圖紙新問題應及時提出并處(chu)理，不答應未(wei)經(jing)同意私自變更(geng)設(she)計。要求嚴格(ge)堅持執行(xing)和落實“三(san)檢”制(zhi)，關鍵(jian)部位，實施(shi)旁站監理。

嚴格推行規(gui)范化操作程(cheng)序，編制(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)合規(gui)范、工藝標準(zhun)、可操作的質量控制(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)序。平時(shi)(shi)注重及(ji)時(shi)(shi)收集和整理資料，非凡是隱(yin)蔽工程(cheng)的驗收資料及(ji)隱(yin)蔽簽證。未經有(you)關人員在(zai)隱(yin)蔽驗收表上簽字，不得進行下道工序，防止監督流于形式。記錄好(hao)施工日志。

1．主體施工階段

重點注重以下幾個新(xin)問題摘要(yao)：

嚴把電氣管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)、線(xian)盒(he)的(de)質量(liang)關(guan)，將不(bu)(bu)合格材(cai)(cai)料拒(ju)之于工程(cheng)之外(wai)。如鍍鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)壁厚，厚管(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于2．5mm，薄管(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于1．5mm，鍍鋅層(ceng)(ceng)應(ying)完好，PVC管(guan)(guan)應(ying)采(cai)用中型(xing)(xing)以上(shang)，一般(ban)采(cai)用重(zhong)型(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)，必(bi)須(xu)是阻燃(ran)型(xing)(xing)。每次進(jin)材(cai)(cai)料都應(ying)填(tian)報(bao)審表，經監(jian)理審查(cha)同(tong)(tong)意后方能用于工程(cheng)。為不(bu)(bu)影響結構(gou)、保證(zheng)保護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度，預埋(mai)電線(xian)管(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)能敷設(she)在(zai)鋼(gang)筋的(de)外(wai)側(ce)，管(guan)(guan)路(lu)在(zai)同(tong)(tong)一處交叉不(bu)(bu)能超過三條，線(xian)管(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)能并(bing)排綁扎(zha)在(zai)一起。管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)盒(he)連接應(ying)牢固、緊密(mi)，要(yao)防止堵塞，綁扎(zha)必(bi)須(xu)牢固。住(zhu)宅部(bu)分的(de)墻體(ti)上(shang)一般(ban)均有開關(guan)和(he)(he)插座，墻體(ti)定位必(bi)須(xu)準確。強(qiang)弱電的(de)線(xian)盒(he)間距符(fu)合要(yao)求。

現在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程設(she)計大多(duo)采用阻燃PVC管(guan)暗敷，許多(duo)情(qing)況下往往只注重線(xian)(xian)管(guan)、線(xian)(xian)盒的(de)(de)(de)(de)審查而(er)忽視了一(yi)個小的(de)(de)(de)(de)細節－連接(jie)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。事實(shi)上(shang)假(jia)如膠(jiao)水(shui)(shui)不合格，即(ji)使再好的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料、再嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝要(yao)求也保證不了連接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，連接(jie)不牢(lao)，導(dao)致砼振搗時接(jie)頭脫(tuo)落。所以要(yao)非凡注重膠(jiao)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，最好選用和線(xian)(xian)管(guan)同一(yi)品牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)水(shui)(shui)，一(yi)般都能符(fu)合要(yao)求。澆注砼時，要(yao)求每臺輸送泵都有電工(gong)(gong)跟班，及時處理被壓壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)管(guan)、線(xian)(xian)盒。

均(jun)壓環、避雷帶、防雷引下線等對(dui)建筑的平安非常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)，是否漏(lou)焊(han)，焊(han)接長度及質量是否滿足規(gui)范及設計要(yao)(yao)求。每處(chu)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)仔細檢查，非凡是結(jie)構轉(zhuan)換層(ceng)，由(you)于(yu)柱子主筋(jin)調(diao)整(zheng)，防雷引下線輕易錯焊(han)、漏(lou)焊(han)，所以(yi)電氣工(gong)程(cheng)師要(yao)(yao)提醒施工(gong)人員引起重(zhong)視(shi)，這也是監理檢查內容的重(zhong)點，必(bi)須(xu)認真檢查，確保(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)質量。

2．安裝及調試階段

重點注(zhu)重以下幾個新(xin)問題摘要(yao)：

要求先對配電箱(xiang)、線(xian)盒內壓線(xian)做樣板，布線(xian)整潔、壓接牢(lao)固，多股線(xian)搪錫，然(ran)后(hou)再全面(mian)展開，防止做了(le)大量工作(zuo)后(hou)才發現存在的新問題，返工困難(nan)，而且影響進度(du)。

接(jie)地(di)線的連(lian)接(jie)，接(jie)地(di)端子的預留應符合規范要求；外(wai)墻(qiang)的金(jin)屬門窗(chuang)、欄(lan)桿(gan)防(fang)及屋面的金(jin)屬大件部分防(fang)雷(lei)作為關(guan)鍵(jian)，搞好工序銜接(jie)，防(fang)止遺漏；設備外(wai)殼(ke)接(jie)地(di)應完善。

要求工作(zuo)按程序進行，如所有電纜、插接母線、導(dao)線、設備(bei)必須經絕(jue)緣測(ce)試(shi)合格后方能送電調試(shi)，嚴禁憑“經驗(yan)”、憑感覺(jue)冒然送電。

設(she)備運(yun)行(xing)調試(shi)要按先空載后帶(dai)負(fu)荷、先單體后聯動進行(xing)。并應先對可調元件如(ru)熱繼電器調整至設(she)計規(gui)定值，調試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)還要持(chi)續運(yun)行(xing)規(gui)定的(de)時(shi)間，驗證(zheng)電氣及機械性能(neng)的(de)可靠性。

重點檢查吊頂內(nei)的(de)線(xian)路，導線(xian)穿管(guan)敷(fu)設必須符合要求。

發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機自(zi)(zi)啟動、和市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)切換(huan)，雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)末端(duan)(duan)切換(huan)的調(diao)(diao)試(shi)，盡管實施時(shi)比較簡(jian)單，但往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)因為太簡(jian)單、不(bu)重視(shi)或各工種之間協(xie)調(diao)(diao)不(bu)好而(er)出(chu)現(xian)新問題。（如摘要(yao)：有(you)的工程出(chu)現(xian)過，柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機帶不(bu)了負(fu)荷，只(zhi)因開關(guan)(guan)的整定值未按設(she)(she)計要(yao)求設(she)(she)定；雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)末端(duan)(duan)切換(huan)箱在發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)無法自(zi)(zi)動切換(huan)，只(zhi)因二次回路轉換(huan)開關(guan)(guan)未打到(dao)自(zi)(zi)動位置；發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路未核對相序，因相序反(fan)了而(er)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機反(fan)轉。）

消防(fang)(fang)(fang)泵(beng)的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，因涉(she)及(ji)降壓起動、現場手動、消防(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)室手動、自動起動、備用(yong)互投等控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，且往(wang)往(wang)涉(she)及(ji)幾家安(an)裝調試(shi)(shi)（供(gong)貨）單位，很輕(qing)易(yi)發(fa)生技術上、協調配(pei)合(he)上的新(xin)問題(ti)，加上個別設(she)(she)計(ji)存在一(yi)些小缺陷，影(ying)響(xiang)調試(shi)(shi)和驗收(shou)，電(dian)氣工程(cheng)師必須提前熟(shu)悉設(she)(she)計(ji)圖(tu)紙及(ji)廠(chang)家提供(gong)的二次(ci)線路(lu)圖(tu)、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)原理圖(tu)，及(ji)早(zao)發(fa)現或預(yu)見可能發(fa)生的新(xin)問題(ti)，并作出處理。這(zhe)部分調試(shi)(shi)很關鍵(jian)，有時(shi)很小的一(yi)點新(xin)問題(ti)就會影(ying)響(xiang)整(zheng)個消防(fang)(fang)(fang)工程(cheng)的驗收(shou)。

總之(zhi)，在施工階段質(zhi)量控制方面需注重的細節(jie)新問題很多，要抓住關鍵點,重點檢查和控制。

五、電氣工程(cheng)師在工程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)方面應注重的幾個新(xin)問(wen)題摘要：

電氣工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師未必(bi)人人都是(shi)造價(jia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師，但都必(bi)須熟練(lian)地(di)把握工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)概預算及造價(jia)控(kong)制方(fang)面的(de)有關內容(rong)，全面熟悉施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)和業主（總包(bao)商）簽(qian)定的(de)合同(tong)條款。

要清楚對同一項(xiang)目(mu)采用不同處理方案后對投資(zi)產(chan)生的不同影響。電氣工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)都要從(cong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的經(jing)濟性出發，對電氣設計中嚴格影響工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投資(zi)的部分仔細斟酌。

由于全國各地(di)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)定(ding)額均不(bu)盡相同，所以根據工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)特征必須熟悉當地(di)執(zhi)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)額，防止重(zhong)復(fu)取(qu)費(fei)。如(ru)“陜西安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)定(ding)額2001版”中(zhong)壓接(jie)銅接(jie)線(xian)端子，定(ding)額內材料費(fei)已(yi)包括了接(jie)線(xian)端子的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用，不(bu)能(neng)另計主材費(fei)；室外(wai)接(jie)地(di)母線(xian)敷設(she)已(yi)包括了挖(wa)、填(tian)土方的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用，對戶外(wai)埋地(di)敷設(she)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)地(di)線(xian)就不(bu)能(neng)另計挖(wa)、填(tian)土方的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用；路燈、投光燈等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)已(yi)考慮了高空作業因素(su)，不(bu)能(neng)另取(qu)超高系數等(deng)等(deng)。

熟(shu)悉(xi)工程量(liang)計算規則(ze)，定額中對(dui)線管、導線、電纜等(deng)主材(cai)的(de)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)量(liang)已經計算在主材(cai)料費用(yong)中，損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)率是定額取(qu)費時綜合考慮的(de)，一般不應做調整。

對已完成(cheng)的分(fen)項工(gong)作及時報(bao)驗(yan)(yan)，同時進(jin)行工(gong)程(cheng)量計量以(yi)便支付工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度(du)款(kuan)，未經報(bao)驗(yan)(yan)的分(fen)項工(gong)程(cheng)不能作為工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度(du)款(kuan)申(shen)請的內容。

電氣工(gong)程師應注重，報驗的分項工(gong)作必須(xu)真正完成后才可計量工(gong)程量，比(bi)如燈具安裝分項，內(nei)容應包括線路絕緣測(ce)試及燈具試亮工(gong)作，假如只安裝完，未測(ce)試絕緣或未試燈，均不能(neng)進行計量或支(zhi)付(fu)全(quan)部款(kuan)額(e)。

嚴格遵守現場簽證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)原則和(he)程序，避免因簽證(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)起糾(jiu)紛。這就要求(qiu)一定(ding)要全面熟悉施工方和(he)業主（總包(bao)商）簽定(ding)的(de)(de)合(he)同內容，比如合(he)同價內是(shi)否(fou)已包(bao)括了要辦簽證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)項目，合(he)同中對單價、取費的(de)(de)規定(ding)，是(shi)否(fou)有讓利（下(xia)浮）的(de)(de)規定(ding)等。

六(liu)、電氣工程施工的平安(an)工作

要堅持“平安第

一、預防為主”的方(fang)針，對新進(jin)場員工(gong)要(yao)根據(ju)工(gong)程(cheng)的特(te)征進(jin)行崗(gang)(gang)前平(ping)(ping)(ping)安(an)(an)培訓。要(yao)編(bian)制針對本工(gong)程(cheng)的平(ping)(ping)(ping)安(an)(an)技術辦法及平(ping)(ping)(ping)安(an)(an)組織辦法。并(bing)對施工(gong)人(ren)員進(jin)行平(ping)(ping)(ping)安(an)(an)技術交底。并(bing)應設專職持(chi)證上崗(gang)(gang)的平(ping)(ping)(ping)安(an)(an)員。

要(yao)求(qiu)施工班組天(tian)天(tian)上班前(qian)要(yao)根(gen)據當天(tian)的工作(zuo)布置進行平安交底。平安工具及設施要(yao)落實到(dao)位(wei)。電(dian)氣設備要(yao)符合有關臨時用電(dian)的管理(li)規定(ding)。

臨時平安用電技術辦法應包括下列內容摘要：

1）臨時用(yong)電(dian)系統(tong)一(yi)般(ban)應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)TN-S供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)。它是把工(gong)作(zuo)零線(xian)(xian)N和專用(yong)保護(hu)線(xian)(xian)PE在(zai)總供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)源處嚴格分(fen)開的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)，也稱三相五線(xian)(xian)制。它的(de)(de)優(you)點是正常情況(kuang)下(xia)PE專用(yong)保護(hu)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)無電(dian)流(liu)，此線(xian)(xian)專門承接故障電(dian)流(liu)，確保其保護(hu)裝置動作(zuo)。應(ying)(ying)該非凡指出(chu)，PE線(xian)(xian)不(bu)許斷線(xian)(xian)。在(zai)距離較(jiao)遠的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)干線(xian)(xian)末端應(ying)(ying)將PE線(xian)(xian)做(zuo)重復接地。

2）設置(zhi)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器，應堅持三(san)級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)“一機一閘、一漏(lou)(lou)(lou)一箱(xiang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇應符合(he)(he)國標(biao)GB6829—86《漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器(剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。施(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)和(he)分配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)應至(zhi)少設置(zhi)兩級漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器，而且兩級漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)額(e)定(ding)(ding)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)時間應合(he)(he)理配(pei)合(he)(he)，使之具有(you)分級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器應裝設在配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷側和(he)分配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷側。設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)機旁開(kai)關(guan)箱(xiang)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器其(qi)(qi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應不大(da)于(yu)30mA，額(e)定(ding)(ding)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)時間應小(xiao)于(yu)0.1s。使用(yong)潮濕和(he)有(you)腐蝕介質場(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)器應采用(yong)防濺(jian)型產品。其(qi)(qi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應不大(da)于(yu)15mA，額(e)定(ding)(ding)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)時間應小(xiao)于(yu)0.1s。且和(he)其(qi)(qi)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)固定(ding)(ding)式(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平距離(li)不宜超(chao)過3m。

3）非凡場(chang)所(suo)應根(gen)據有(you)關要求使用相應平(ping)安(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級供電(dian)(dian)。平(ping)安(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)指不(bu)戴任何(he)防護(hu)(hu)設備，接觸時對(dui)人體各部位不(bu)造成損害(hai)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。我國國家(jia)標準(zhun)GB3805--83《平(ping)安(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)》中(zhong)規定(ding)，平(ping)安(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值的等(deng)級有(you)42、36、24、12、6V五種(zhong)。同時還規定(ding)摘(zhai)要：當電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備采用了超過24V時，必須(xu)采取防直(zhi)接接觸帶電(dian)(dian)體的保護(hu)(hu)辦法(fa)。

4）電(dian)氣設備(bei)的制造、安(an)裝(zhuang)及防護、安(an)裝(zhuang)位置、配電(dian)分(fen)級、導線(xian)選擇及布線(xian)、接線(xian)等(deng)均要(yao)符合臨時(shi)用電(dian)規范要(yao)求。電(dian)氣設備(bei)應由專人操作及負責維護保養(yang)檢查(cha)。并留有(you)記錄。

5）電(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)和(he)維修人員(yuan)必須(xu)由經過培訓(xun)后(hou)取(qu)得(de)上崗證書的(de)專業(ye)電(dian)工(gong)完成。各類用電(dian)人員(yuan)均(jun)應把握平安(an)用電(dian)基(ji)本知(zhi)識和(he)所用設(she)備(bei)的(de)性能及操(cao)作(zuo)規(gui)程。

臨(lin)時平安用電(dian)組織辦法應包括下列(lie)內容摘要：

1）建立(li)臨時用電(dian)(dian)施工(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計和(he)平安(an)用電(dian)(dian)技術辦法的編制、審批制度，并建立(li)相應的技術檔案。

2）建立技(ji)(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)制(zhi)度。向(xiang)專業電工(gong)、各類用(yong)電人(ren)員介紹臨時用(yong)電施工(gong)組織(zhi)設計和(he)平安用(yong)電技(ji)(ji)術辦法的總體意(yi)圖、技(ji)(ji)術內容和(he)注重事項，并應在技(ji)(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)文(wen)字資料(liao)上履行(xing)交(jiao)底(di)人(ren)和(he)被(bei)交(jiao)底(di)人(ren)的簽(qian)字手續，注明交(jiao)底(di)日期。

3）建立(li)平(ping)安(an)檢測制度。從臨時(shi)用電工程(cheng)竣工開始(shi)，定期(qi)對臨時(shi)用電工程(cheng)進行檢測，主要內(nei)容是摘要：接(jie)地電阻值，電氣設備絕緣電阻值，漏(lou)電保護器(qi)動作(zuo)參(can)數等(deng)，以監視臨時(shi)用電工程(cheng)是否(fou)平(ping)安(an)可靠，并(bing)做好檢測記錄。

4）建(jian)立電氣維(wei)修(xiu)制度。加強(qiang)日常和(he)定期維(wei)修(xiu)工作，及時發現和(he)消(xiao)除(chu)隱患(huan)，并建(jian)立維(wei)修(xiu)工作記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)，記(ji)(ji)載(zai)維(wei)修(xiu)時間、地點、設備、內容、技術辦法、處理結果、維(wei)修(xiu)人(ren)員、驗(yan)收人(ren)員等(deng)。

5）建(jian)立工(gong)程(cheng)拆除(chu)制度。建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)后，臨時用電工(gong)程(cheng)的拆除(chu)應有統一的組織和指(zhi)揮，并須規定拆除(chu)時間、人員、程(cheng)序(xu)、方法、注重事項和防護辦(ban)法等(deng)。

6）建立平安(an)檢查(cha)和評估(gu)(gu)制度。施工管(guan)理部門和企業(ye)要(yao)按照(zhao)JQ59—88《建筑(zhu)施工平安(an)檢查(cha)評分標準》定期對現場(chang)用(yong)電平安(an)情(qing)況進行檢查(cha)評估(gu)(gu)。

7）建(jian)立(li)平安用(yong)電責任制。對臨時(shi)用(yong)電工程各部位(wei)的(de)操作、監護、維(wei)修(xiu)分片、分塊、分機落實到(dao)人，并輔以必(bi)要的(de)獎懲。

篇4

【關(guan)鍵詞(ci)】電氣工程；質量(liang)控制(zhi)；探析

引言

目前電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)智能化發展趨勢日益明顯(xian)，因而(er)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位和(he)作(zuo)用(yong)也越來越重要，直接影(ying)響(xiang)著整(zheng)個(ge)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度，投資回報和(he)預期結果。整(zheng)個(ge)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括土建、裝修(xiu)、給排水、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)安裝等(deng)，一些工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員往往只考慮(lv)到(dao)自己(ji)本(ben)專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度而(er)忽視(shi)其(qi)他工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，這樣勢必會對其(qi)他專業(ye)(ye)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)產生(sheng)影(ying)響(xiang)，反過來又會影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)本(ben)專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量。電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)與其(qi)他工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)聯系尤為緊密(mi)，必須在(zai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)做好相應準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，例如預埋和(he)給排水等(deng)。但(dan)是我國目前電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師整(zheng)體隊伍質(zhi)量不(bu)高，缺乏全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專業(ye)(ye)知識(shi)，與其(qi)他工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)配(pei)合不(bu)緊密(mi)，往往造成建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)存在(zai)質(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti)。本(ben)文著重分析了(le)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中引起質(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素，進而(er)提出了(le)相關控(kong)制措施(shi)。

1 引起建筑(zhu)電氣(qi)安裝(zhuang)工程質量問題的因(yin)素

1.1 施工前(qian)對(dui)圖紙熟悉程度(du)不夠

工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)對于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)起著引導(dao)性的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，缺乏對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)研究工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)難以(yi)得到(dao)保(bao)證，電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師同樣要(yao)對電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)了(le)然于(yu)胸，還(huan)要(yao)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目中(zhong)與(yu)(yu)電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)重要(yao)關聯的(de)(de)其他(ta)(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)有(you)所了(le)解，以(yi)便更好(hao)地進行本專(zhuan)業施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。一(yi)些(xie)高(gao)層(ceng)建筑設(she)(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)都比較緊促，以(yi)往(wang)(wang)高(gao)層(ceng)建筑電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計周(zhou)期(qi)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)兩三個月，現在一(yi)些(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)了(le)縮短工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目周(zhou)期(qi)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)要(yao)求設(she)(she)計單位(wei)一(yi)兩個月交圖(tu)[1]。設(she)(she)計圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)剛拿(na)到(dao)手還(huan)未來得及(ji)認真審查，地下施工(gong)(gong)(gong)就已經全面展開，進入地上(shang)標(biao)準層(ceng)以(yi)后工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進度更快，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)五六天的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)就一(yi)層(ceng)，這樣難免造成電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師缺乏充足的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)充分地了(le)解工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)，導(dao)致后續施工(gong)(gong)(gong)出現大量(liang)的(de)(de)變更，有(you)些(xie)甚至還(huan)可能(neng)對其他(ta)(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)不得不進行拆除重建，雖然表面上(shang)看節約了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)，但是實際上(shang)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)事(shi)與(yu)(yu)愿違(wei)，反而不但延(yan)誤了(le)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，還(huan)有(you)可能(neng)導(dao)致索(suo)賠事(shi)件的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。

1.2 電氣工程(cheng)師與(yu)土建(jian)工程(cheng)師配合(he)不緊密

電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)其(qi)(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種聯系(xi)密(mi)切，電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)必(bi)須緊密(mi)結合其(qi)(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)能(neng)(neng)保(bao)證電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)過(guo)關。在(zai)項目開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)由于圖(tu)紙(zhi)才剛拿到(dao)手(shou)往往就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)已經開(kai)始了(le)低下施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)缺乏足夠的(de)時間進(jin)行(xing)(xing)圖(tu)紙(zhi)的(de)溝通，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)與(yu)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)在(zai)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)難以進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)效的(de)溝通，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)在(zai)涉及到(dao)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)交叉施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時這(zhe)個(ge)問題表現得非常(chang)明(ming)顯，例如(ru)基(ji)礎性(xing)鋼預埋(mai)、支吊架預埋(mai)和線路保(bao)護管預埋(mai)等等。各自的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)往往只(zhi)考慮到(dao)自己(ji)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度(du)缺乏與(yu)其(qi)(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)的(de)溝通，電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)其(qi)(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)依(yi)賴(lai)性(xing)較(jiao)強，當其(qi)(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)非常(chang)到(dao)位的(de)情況下，電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會進(jin)展得非常(chang)順利，項目質量(liang)(liang)(liang)也容易得到(dao)保(bao)證。一(yi)(yi)些(xie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)還(huan)要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)必(bi)須在(zai)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)面[2]，這(zhe)時缺乏溝通就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可能(neng)(neng)導致土(tu)建(jian)(jian)已經完成，而(er)相應的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沒有(you)做好準備(bei)，導致整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)延(yan)誤，而(er)且一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)要(yao)對(dui)已建(jian)(jian)好的(de)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)修改勢必(bi)會影響到(dao)整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

1.3 電氣工(gong)程監理參(can)與程度低

監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量保證的一個重要環節，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量起(qi)著(zhu)舉足輕重的作用。由(you)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)紙往(wang)往(wang)設(she)計(ji)時間(jian)緊(jin)促，導致(zhi)電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)不(bu)(bu)能很好(hao)地(di)熟悉(xi)圖(tu)紙，對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)出(chu)現的一些問題(ti)也(ye)就可能無(wu)法做出(chu)判斷(duan)，更談(tan)不(bu)(bu)上對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行指(zhi)導監督(du)。完(wan)善的監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制度強調監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)必須在開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)就實施(shi)(shi)監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，起(qi)到(dao)(dao)監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應該(gai)起(qi)到(dao)(dao)的作用，一開始就從整體上把(ba)握工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的重要環節及可能存在的問題(ti)。電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在前(qian)期施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)往(wang)往(wang)比較零散，要根據土建等其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度展(zhan)開，一些監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)(bu)能及時出(chu)現在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場，對一些材料和設(she)備(bei)不(bu)(bu)進(jin)行檢(jian)查，電氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)和材料是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實體的構成部分，材料出(chu)現質(zhi)(zhi)量問題(ti)電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量只是(shi)空(kong)談(tan)。甚至有(you)些監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)的資質(zhi)(zhi)審(shen)查都不(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)位(wei)，一些電氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員不(bu)(bu)符(fu)合質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的基本要求。另外監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)充當施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)與業主(zhu)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)的橋梁，當其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)配合電氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)未(wei)能與業主(zhu)進(jin)行及時的溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)，導致(zhi)電氣(qi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)能順利進(jin)行。

2 建(jian)筑電氣安裝工(gong)程的質(zhi)量(liang)控制對策

2.1 充分熟(shu)悉(xi)圖紙，做好準備工作

開(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)(gong)程師必須熟悉(xi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)，并與(yu)土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程師等其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)共同研究圖紙(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)等問題(ti)進(jin)行探討，列(lie)出配合交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃，確定準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)配合時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，以防(fang)遺漏和發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)差錯。并且在配合施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之前(qian)做(zuo)好各種(zhong)準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，包括制作(zuo)預埋(mai)件(jian)及(ji)防(fang)腐處理。電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)(gong)程師還應當重點(dian)審(shen)查以下幾點(dian)：1.熟悉(xi)建筑結(jie)構圖，以便(bian)估計預埋(mai)與(yu)實際(ji)結(jie)構可能(neng)不相符或(huo)容易引起沖突(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方。2.核對(dui)消防(fang)、給排水、防(fang)排煙管(guan)與(yu)強弱電(dian)纜橋架并列(lie)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)間距能(neng)否滿足規范要求，排列(lie)復雜時(shi)(shi)(shi)應要求設計方提供詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)。3.考慮(lv)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)商是否為了增加(jia)銷售面積(ji)從而忽(hu)略了開(kai)(kai)關門、安裝、檢修(xiu)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)空間，以便(bian)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)問題(ti)與(yu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)商進(jin)行溝通。

2.2 認真培(pei)訓隊(dui)伍，加(jia)強各工種溝通

必須對電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)進行(xing)質(zhi)量教育(yu)，思想教育(yu)，要(yao)貫徹質(zhi)量第(di)一(yi)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)理念(nian)，使(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)更加注重工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量，寧愿多(duo)花時間成本(ben)，也要(yao)保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量。電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)也是一(yi)項專(zhuan)業性很(hen)高的(de)(de)技術，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)必須掌握完(wan)全的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)知識(shi)，能(neng)夠(gou)熟練的(de)(de)進行(xing)操作(zuo)，對圖紙能(neng)夠(gou)從總體上(shang)進行(xing)把握，在細節上(shang)能(neng)夠(gou)抓住重要(yao)環節。另(ling)外由于一(yi)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目是由很(hen)多(duo)分(fen)部組成的(de)(de)，必須對電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)進行(xing)一(yi)些(xie)與(yu)本(ben)專(zhuan)業相關的(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)基礎知識(shi)，并(bing)加強與(yu)其(qi)(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)溝(gou)通，以(yi)便更好地與(yu)其(qi)(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種進行(xing)配合，這(zhe)樣也可以(yi)解決各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種缺乏(fa)溝(gou)通各自(zi)只顧(gu)自(zi)己的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)忽略(lve)其(qi)(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種的(de)(de)問題，使(shi)各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種明白一(yi)個總的(de)(de)項目要(yao)靠所有(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種的(de)(de)配合才能(neng)完(wan)成，質(zhi)量必須由全體人(ren)員(yuan)共同承(cheng)擔。

2.3 注(zhu)重工程質(zhi)量控制，完善(shan)監理(li)工作

監(jian)理工(gong)作必(bi)(bi)須貫徹整個工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的始終(zhong)，監(jian)理在(zai)(zai)開工(gong)前必(bi)(bi)須認(ren)真熟悉工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖紙(zhi)，嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)要求施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)按圖施(shi)工(gong)，還應該(gai)會同電(dian)氣工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計人(ren)員就(jiu)排水、空調等項(xiang)目(mu)進(jin)行(xing)討論，找出(chu)圖紙(zhi)上的差、錯(cuo)、漏。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)監(jian)理工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師應監(jian)督(du)(du)施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)加(jia)強內部(bu)質量(liang)管理，嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)質量(liang)控(kong)制。監(jian)理也必(bi)(bi)須對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)用材料進(jin)行(xing)檢查，確(que)保(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)用材質量(liang)合格(ge)(ge)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)氣工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)監(jian)理也應該(gai)旁站，現場(chang)監(jian)督(du)(du)施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)。

參考文獻:

篇5

關鍵詞(ci):電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程、管理、電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程師

中圖分類號：TU855文(wen)獻標識碼： A

一、認識到電氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)在建筑工(gong)程(cheng)中的重(zhong)要作用

電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(本文泛指工(gong)(gong)業與民(min)用建筑(zhu)(zhu)中強(qiang)電(dian)及(ji)弱電(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng))是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分,隨 著建筑(zhu)(zhu)智能化的(de)(de)(de)迅(xun)速(su)發展,電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)地位和(he)作用越來越重要(yao),直接(jie)關系(xi)到整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量、 工(gong)(gong)期、投資和(he)預(yu)期效果,工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量直接(jie)影(ying)響到建筑(zhu)(zhu)物整體設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)運(yun)行、節能效果及(ji)建筑(zhu)(zhu) 物投入(ru)使用后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)使用功能,包括工(gong)(gong)作、生(sheng)活在其(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)人員的(de)(de)(de)舒適(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、高效性(xing)(xing)(xing)。這里所說的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)范圍很廣,如電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備、線(xian)路(lu)是否(fou)(fou)存在漏電(dian)或火災(zai)隱患(huan),火災(zai)報警及(ji)聯動 控(kong)制系(xi)統功能是否(fou)(fou)完(wan)善、運(yun)行正常,消防設(she)備、應急照明的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)是否(fou)(fou)可靠,保安(an)監控(kong)系(xi)統是否(fou)(fou) 完(wan)備等(deng)等(deng)。

這些(xie)電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)使用(yong),使建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程增加了(le)造(zao)價,增加了(le)工程難度和復雜性,也(ye)增加了(le)電(dian)氣(qi)工程在總工程量中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比重,如(ru)果只停留在做管穿線認識水平上(shang),就(jiu)很難保證任務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)(cheng)和建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)高質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),雖然有(you)些(xie)設(she)備是專業(ye)工程技術人員(yuan)完成(cheng)(cheng)安(an)裝(zhuang)調(diao)試,但它是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen),是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物系統功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen),系統功能(neng)應包括美觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)型,牢(lao)固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構,實(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布局和各種設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行。

二、電氣工程師應具有的(de)責任心及(ji)工作能力

盡管(guan)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)各系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)已比較(jiao)成(cheng)熟,但電(dian)(dian)氣設備、材料及元件種類(lei)繁多(duo),并且還在(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)更(geng) 新(xin),要想全面(mian)掌握(wo)各種電(dian)(dian)氣產品的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng),不(bu)(bu)經(jing)過一(yi)定的(de)(de)努力、沒有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)經(jing)驗積(ji)累是很難做到 的(de)(de)。要及時跟上建(jian)筑(zhu)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),掌握(wo)各系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)狀況,哪些(xie)是成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)、 可應用于工(gong)程中。 智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)建(jian)筑(zhu)是一(yi)項綜(zong)合的(de)(de)、系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)工(gong)程,而且在(zai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)應用上發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)很快,投(tou)資(zi)比例不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高,電(dian)(dian)氣 工(gong)程師必須不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)地更(geng)新(xin)知識(shi),深入(ru)了解和(he)(he)掌握(wo)各種建(jian)筑(zhu)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)產品的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、工(gong)程 業績(包括成(cheng)功(gong)和(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)案例)、投(tou)資(zi)情況、投(tou)入(ru)使用后的(de)(de)效果等(deng)等(deng),只有(you)這樣(yang)才能(neng)(neng)跟上時代 的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),做到與時俱進。

三(san)、電氣工程師在設計審圖(tu)及(ji)圖(tu)紙會審階段應注(zhu)意的問題

設(she)計單(dan)位提(ti)交設(she)計圖紙后,建(jian)設(she)單(dan)位電(dian)氣(qi)部門主管(guan)人員應審(shen)核電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)計指標、設(she)備布置、強(qiang)電(dian)、弱電(dian)電(dian)路布線等。第一(yi)(yi)階段的審(shen)圖應著(zhu)眼于總體性(xing)、方案性(xing)等重(zhong)大原則問題。如(ru)這一(yi)(yi)關不能(neng)嚴格把住必將造成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)修改(gai)(gai)或(huo)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)后馬上改(gai)(gai),造成(cheng)(cheng)浪費。

在完成第一階(jie)段(duan)的(de)審圖(tu)(tu)后(hou),第二階(jie)段(duan)的(de)審圖(tu)(tu)即為(wei)技術交底(di)和開工(gong)前的(de)準備,設計(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)向施工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)做(zuo)一次較(jiao)全面的(de)圖(tu)(tu)紙說(shuo)明,這期(qi)間電氣(qi)部分(fen)的(de)審圖(tu)(tu)主要包括(kuo):

1)管線布(bu)局走向是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)合(he)理和可行;2)各設備位置是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)合(he)理;3)施(shi)工圖大樣、做(zuo)法和施(shi)工圖說明(ming)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)齊全;4)配管線是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)合(he)理;5)設備型號規格說明(ming)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)清楚。

四、電氣工程的質量控(kong)制

工程的質(zhi)量(liang)是(shi)幾代人的事(shi),工程建設不(bu)同(tong)于科學實驗,不(bu)能(neng)有失敗。電氣(qi)工程質(zhi)量(liang)的好壞 直接影響建筑物(wu)功能(neng)是(shi)否正常(chang)運行,影響該建筑的社會(hui)效益(yi)及經濟效益(yi)。

 1、準備階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)控制(zhi) 電氣工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師不(bu)能(neng)只停留在按圖施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping),要(yao)(yao)(yao)全面(mian)熟悉設計(ji)圖紙,努力(li)并(bing)善(shan)于發現(xian)圖紙中的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足,及時提出處理意(yi)見,對業(ye)主而(er)(er)言是(shi)(shi)維(wei)護其(qi)利(li)益,對自己(ji)也是(shi)(shi)提高。好的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)是(shi)(shi)由(you)高素質、高水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)完成的(de)(de)(de)(de),這就要(yao)(yao)(yao)求施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍人員(yuan)進行考核和評估。電氣工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師要(yao)(yao)(yao)根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況編制(zhi)監理實施(shi)(shi)細則并(bing)嚴格審查,要(yao)(yao)(yao)求施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位有完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)保證體系及保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各項技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),而(er)(er)且應符合經會審的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)圖紙及國(guo)家現(xian)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)有關電氣工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)及驗收規范。

2、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段的(de)(de)(de)質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中必(bi)須根據(ju)已會審(shen)后的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣設(she)計圖紙(zhi)和(he)有關(guan)(guan)技術文件,按(an)照(zhao)國家現(xian)行的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)及驗收規范,地方(fang)有關(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)法規、文件,經審(shen)批的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術方(fang)案)進行, 并對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)班組及人(ren)員(yuan)進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)體技術交底。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中若發現(xian)圖紙(zhi)問題應及時提(ti)出(chu)并處理, 不(bu)允許(xu)未經同(tong)意私自變更設(she)計。要(yao)求嚴格(ge)堅持執行和(he)落(luo)實“三檢”制(zhi)(zhi),關(guan)(guan)鍵部位,實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)旁站監理。嚴格(ge)推行規范化操作(zuo)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu),編制(zhi)(zhi)符合規范、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝標準、可操作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)。平時注意及時收集和(he)整理資料,特別(bie)是隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)驗收資料及隱蔽簽證。未經有關(guan)(guan)人(ren)員(yuan)在隱蔽驗收表上(shang)簽字,不(bu)得進行下道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),防止監督流于形式。記(ji)錄好監理日記(ji)。

隱(yin)蔽工程(cheng)重點注(zhu)意以下幾個問(wen)題:嚴把電氣材(cai)料質(zhi)量關,將不(bu)合(he)格(ge)材(cai)料拒(ju)之于工程(cheng)之外(wai)。 每(mei)次進材(cai)料都(dou)應填報審表,經監(jian)理(li)審查(cha)同(tong)(tong)意后(hou)方能用于工程(cheng)。為不(bu)影響結構、保證保護層厚 度,預埋電線(xian)管不(bu)能敷設(she)在鋼(gang)筋的(de)(de)外(wai)側,管路(lu)在同(tong)(tong)一處(chu)交叉不(bu)能超過三條,線(xian)管不(bu)能并排綁(bang)扎 在一起。強弱電的(de)(de)間(jian)距(ju)符合(he)要求(qiu)(qiu)。要特別注(zhu)意膠水(shui)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量,最(zui)好選用與(yu)線(xian)管同(tong)(tong)一品牌的(de)(de)膠水(shui), 一般都(dou)能符合(he)要求(qiu)(qiu)。澆注(zhu)砼時(shi)(shi),要求(qiu)(qiu)每(mei)臺輸(shu)送(song)泵都(dou)有電工跟班,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)處(chu)理(li)被壓(ya)壞的(de)(de)線(xian)管、 線(xian)盒。 均壓(ya)環、避雷(lei)帶、防雷(lei)引下線(xian)等對建筑的(de)(de)安(an)全非常重要,是(shi)(shi)否漏(lou)(lou)焊,焊接長度及(ji)質(zhi)量是(shi)(shi)否滿足 規范及(ji)設(she)計要求(qiu)(qiu)。每(mei)處(chu)都(dou)要仔細檢查(cha),特別是(shi)(shi)結構轉換層,由于柱(zhu)子主筋調整,防雷(lei)引下線(xian)容易 錯焊、漏(lou)(lou)焊。

施工(gong)中還往往忽略(lve)按系統圖(tu)接(jie)線(xian),設計回(hui)路的(de)安(an)排是(shi)有一定原則的(de),是(shi)進行了“相(xiang)(xiang)”平衡的(de),如不按圖(tu)紙(zhi)回(hui)路編(bian)號接(jie)線(xian),一是(shi)可能(neng)造(zao)成接(jie)線(xian)錯(cuo)誤,也可能(neng)造(zao)成“相(xiang)(xiang)”不平衡,使開關保護措施失去(qu)作用或線(xian)路燒(shao)毀。施工(gong)管理(li)人員(yuan)必須嚴格(ge)檢查。

3、加強(qiang)隱檢(jian)紀錄。電氣施工是(shi)隨結構施工分(fen)(fen)(fen)段、分(fen)(fen)(fen)層(ceng)進行的(de),所以質量檢(jian)查必須分(fen)(fen)(fen)段分(fen)(fen)(fen)層(ceng)進行,認真填(tian)寫檢(jian)查記(ji)錄表格,不能(neng)事(shi)后(hou)集中補(bu)填(tian)表格,甲方管理(li)人員在階段檢(jian)查質量時,同時復核(he)檢(jian)驗(yan)記(ji)錄的(de)真實性(xing)、可靠性(xing)、準確性(xing)。并(bing)應對照圖紙檢(jian)查是(shi)否有遺(yi)漏(lou)。

五、電(dian)氣(qi)工程施工的(de)安(an)全(quan)工作

要(yao)堅持“安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)第(di)一(yi)、預防(fang)為主”的(de)方針,對新(xin)進(jin)場(chang)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)根據(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)特點進(jin)行崗前安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)培(pei)訓(xun)。要(yao)編制(zhi)針對本工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技術措施及安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)組織措施。并(bing)對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員進(jin)行安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技術交底。 應設(she)(she)專(zhuan)職持證(zheng)上崗的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)員。要(yao)求(qiu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)班組每天上班前根據(ju)(ju)當天的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)安(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)進(jin)行安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)交底。安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具及設(she)(she)施要(yao)落(luo)實到(dao)位。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)要(yao)符(fu)合(he)(he)有關臨(lin)時用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)管理(li)規定。臨(lin)時用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)接(jie)線(xian)必須(xu)堅持三級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)“一(yi)機一(yi)閘(zha)一(yi)漏(lou)一(yi)箱(xiang)”的(de)原(yuan)則。漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)選擇(ze)應符(fu)合(he)(he)國標(biao)要(yao)求(qiu)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)的(de)總配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)和(he)分配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)應至少(shao)設(she)(she)置(zhi)兩(liang)級(ji)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi),而(er)且兩(liang)級(ji)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)額定漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)額定漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間應合(he)(he)理(li)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he),使之具有分級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)功能(neng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)制(zhi)造(zao)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)及防(fang)護(hu)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)位置(zhi)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)分級(ji)、導(dao)線(xian)選擇(ze)及布線(xian)、接(jie)線(xian)等(deng)均要(yao)符(fu)合(he)(he)臨(lin)時用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)規范(fan)要(yao)求(qiu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)應由專(zhuan)人操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)及負責維護(hu)保(bao)養檢查，并(bing)留有記錄。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)與維修人員必須(xu)由經過培(pei)訓(xun)后取得上崗證(zheng)書(shu)的(de)專(zhuan)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)完成。各類(lei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)人員均應掌握安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基本知識和(he)所用(yong)(yong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)性能(neng)及操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)規程(cheng)(cheng)。

城市規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)屬(shu)于公(gong)(gong)共(gong)行(xing)政(zheng)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)范疇,因此,公(gong)(gong)共(gong)行(xing)政(zheng)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)責任機制的(de)建立對(dui)于城市規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)來(lai)說也同樣具有(you)(you)(you)約束力。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)行(xing)政(zheng)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)體制的(de)科學化(hua)與民(min)主化(hua)對(dui)政(zheng)府(fu)與公(gong)(gong)民(min)來(lai)說是一種“雙贏”的(de)格局。對(dui)政(zheng)府(fu)來(lai)說,只有(you)(you)(you)實(shi)現決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)的(de)科學化(hua)與民(min)主化(hua),才(cai)能(neng)(neng)利用社會的(de)智力資源減輕自己的(de)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)負擔,弱化(hua)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)風險;也才(cai)能(neng)(neng)借助民(min)間(jian)的(de)力量(liang)在公(gong)(gong)開透明的(de)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)沖(chong)淡(dan)部(bu)門(men)利益對(dui)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)程(cheng)序的(de)控制,沖(chong)淡(dan)特殊利益集(ji)團對(dui)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)作用;可(ke)以弱化(hua)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)的(de)阻力,增強(qiang)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)的(de)動(dong)力。對(dui)公(gong)(gong)民(min)來(lai)說,可(ke)以有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)地保護(hu)自己的(de)利益。

總之(zhi),隨著建筑智能化的(de)發展,電氣(qi)工(gong)程在建筑工(gong)程中(zhong)將(jiang)占有越來越重要的(de)地(di)(di)位,涉(she)及(ji)專 業(ye)及(ji)領域更(geng)多,技術更(geng)新更(geng)快,也(ye)將(jiang)更(geng)加復雜,要想把此(ci)項工(gong)作做(zuo)好(hao)管好(hao),電氣(qi)工(gong)程師需要不斷 地(di)(di)積累經驗(yan)和學習,與(yu)時俱進。

參考文獻：

篇6

關鍵詞：電氣工(gong)程(cheng)；施(shi)工(gong)；管理

一、電氣工(gong)程的重要(yao)性(xing)

現(xian)代(dai)建(jian)筑的電氣部分已不只是(shi)埋管穿線，電通燈(deng)亮(liang)的簡單內容(rong)，隨著科學(xue)技術的進(jin)一步發(fa)展，大量現(xian)代(dai)化電氣設備和(he)裝(zhuang)置的安裝(zhuang)使用(yong)，已是(shi)建(jian)筑物現(xian)代(dai)化水平(ping)和(he)質量高低的重(zhong)要標志。

普通住宅建設(she)(she)必(bi)須包括電(dian)話，有(you)線電(dian)視，供配電(dian)；高(gao)層住宅的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)層供水，消防(fang)(fang)報警及其控(kong)制系統；現代辦公樓的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)調、安防(fang)(fang)，計算機(ji)網絡及通信系統；各種生產，科研教(jiao)育用房的(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)化(hua)系統及設(she)(she)備；文(wen)化(hua)娛樂場所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)音響(xiang)，燈(deng)光(guang)設(she)(she)備，各類建筑的(de)(de)(de)現代化(hua)照明燈(deng)光(guang)裝飾(shi)，代步工具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)梯(ti)、電(dian)動(dong)扶(fu)梯(ti)等等，無(wu)一不是(shi)電(dian)氣工程的(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)部分，成(cheng)(cheng)為建筑物必(bi)須具(ju)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)使用功能的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內容(rong)，還(huan)有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)待或正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)在開發的(de)(de)(de)新技(ji)術，高(gao)新技(ji)術在生產、科研和生活中的(de)(de)(de)應用如(ru)：智能建筑的(de)(de)(de)推廣應用，使電(dian)氣工程在建筑工程中所(suo)占(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)位置越來越重要(yao)。電(dian)氣設(she)(she)備工作不正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)建筑物，不但給(gei)使用它的(de)(de)(de)人們造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)諸多不便，還(huan)會埋下許(xu)多安全(quan)隱患而釀成(cheng)(cheng)事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)發生。

這(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)氣(qi)設備的(de)(de)(de)安裝使(shi)用，使(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值，也增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)難度和(he)(he)復雜(za)性，從(cong)而增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程在總工(gong)程中的(de)(de)(de)比重，如(ru)果只停留在做管穿線認識水(shui)平上(shang)，就很(hen)難保證任務的(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)高質量的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)器設備的(de)(de)(de)安裝調(diao)試，不但是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)，也是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)系統功能的(de)(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)系統功能應包括美(mei)觀的(de)(de)(de)造型，牢固的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)，實(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)布局和(he)(he)各種設備的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定可靠的(de)(de)(de)運行。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)如(ru)發生質量(liang)事故(gu)，給國(guo)家和(he)人(ren)民財產造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)損失(shi)是(shi)不可估量(liang)的(de)，高層建筑消(xiao)(xiao)防電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)質量(liang)事故(gu)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)無法(fa)消(xiao)(xiao)防滅(mie)火(huo)，中性線斷開(kai)，三相(xiang)不平衡(heng)時，會燒毀(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)巨大(da)經濟損失(shi)，究其(qi)原因不外(wai)是(shi)對圖紙和(he)設備的(de)技術(shu)要求未(wei)能(neng)深(shen)刻理(li)解，布線錯誤(wu)或(huo)是(shi)一個焊點不牢(lao)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，因此，加強對電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)的(de)管理(li)是(shi)必需的(de)。

二(er)、電氣工程質量(liang)存在問(wen)題與防(fang)治措施(shi)

2.1 開(kai)關、插座盒(he)和(he)面板的(de)安裝、接線不符合要求

預防措(cuo)施：準確(que)牢靠預埋(mai)、固定線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒；做好面板的清潔保(bao)(bao)護(hu)；確(que)保(bao)(bao)開(kai)關、插(cha)座中的相線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、零線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、P保(bao)(bao)護(hu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不能串接；剝(bo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)固定尺寸，保(bao)(bao)證線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)頭(tou)整齊(qi)統(tong)一(yi)，安(an)裝后線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)頭(tou)不；同時(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)牢固壓緊(jin)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，單芯線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在插(cha)入線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)孔時(shi)(shi)應拗(ao)成(cheng)雙股，用(yong)螺(luo)絲項緊(jin)、擰緊(jin)；開(kai)關、插(cha)座盒內(nei)的導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)應留(liu)有一(yi)定的余量，一(yi)般以100～150mm為(wei)宜。

2.2 室(shi)外(wai)進戶管預(yu)理(li)不符(fu)合要求

預防(fang)(fang)措施：進(jin)戶預埋管(guan)必須使(shi)用(yong)厚壁銅管(guan)或符合要求的PVC管(guan)，加強與土建(jian)和(he)其他相關專業的協調和(he)配合，明(ming)確(que)室外地(di)坪標高，確(que)保預埋管(guan)埋深不少于(yu)0.7m；加強對承包隊(dui)伍領導和(he)材料采(cai)購員(yuan)(yuan)有關法規的教育，監(jian)理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)要嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)材料進(jin)場需檢(jian)驗這一規定，堵(du)住漏(lou)洞；預埋鋼管(guan)上墻的彎(wan)(wan)(wan)頭必須用(yong)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)管(guan)機彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)，不允許焊(han)接(jie)和(he)燒焊(han)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)；做好防(fang)(fang)水(shui)處理(li)，請防(fang)(fang)水(shui)專業人員(yuan)(yuan)現場指導或由防(fang)(fang)水(shui)專業隊(dui)做防(fang)(fang)水(shui)處理(li)。

2.3 導線的接線、連接質量和(he)色標不符(fu)合要求

預(yu)防(fang)措施：加強施工人(ren)員的(de)(de)技能培訓；多股(gu)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)的(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)，應用(yong)鍍鋅(xin)銅(tong)接(jie)(jie)頭壓接(jie)(jie)，盡量(liang)不要(yao)做“羊眼圈”狀，如做，則應均勻搪錫(xi)；在接(jie)(jie)線(xian)柱和接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端子上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)連接(jie)(jie)只宜1根，如需(xu)接(jie)(jie)兩根，中間需(xu)加平墊片(pian)；不允許3根以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)；導(dao)(dao)線(xian)編(bian)排(pai)要(yao)橫平豎直，剝線(xian)頭時(shi)應保(bao)持各線(xian)頭長(chang)度一致，導(dao)(dao)線(xian)插入接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端子后不應有導(dao)(dao)體；銅(tong)接(jie)(jie)頭與導(dao)(dao)線(xian)連接(jie)(jie)處要(yao)用(yong)與導(dao)(dao)線(xian)相同顏(yan)色的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣膠布包(bao)扎；材料采購人(ren)員一定要(yao)按現場需(xu)要(yao)配足各種顏(yan)色的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)。

三、要(yao)充分認識到(dao)電氣(qi)工程在建筑工程中的重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)

電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)（本文所(suo)(suo)指的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)泛指工業與民用(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)強電(dian)(dian)及(ji)弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)工程(cheng)）是工程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成部分(fen)，如果(guo)把(ba)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)比作(zuo)計算(suan)機(ji)，結構相當(dang)(dang)于計算(suan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)裝飾相當(dang)(dang)于計算(suan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)外觀，通(tong)風相當(dang)(dang)于計算(suan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)散熱通(tong)風，那么電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)就相當(dang)(dang)于計算(suan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)央(yang)處(chu)理器（CPU），同(tong)時提供所(suo)(suo)有硬件(jian)運(yun)行所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)能源。隨著(zhu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)智能化的(de)(de)(de)迅速發展(zhan)，電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)地位和(he)作(zuo)用(yong)越來(lai)越重(zhong)要，直接關系(xi)到整(zheng)個(ge)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)、工期、投資和(he)預期效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，工程(cheng)質量(liang)直接影響到建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)整(zheng)體設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)運(yun)行、節(jie)能效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)及(ji)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)投入(ru)使(shi)用(yong)后的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)功能，包括(kuo)工作(zuo)、生活在其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)舒適性、安全(quan)性、高效(xiao)(xiao)性。這里所(suo)(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)性涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)范圍很廣(guang)，如電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備、線路是否(fou)(fou)(fou)存在漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)或(huo)火(huo)災(zai)隱患，火(huo)災(zai)報警(jing)及(ji)聯動控制系(xi)統(tong)功能是否(fou)(fou)(fou)完(wan)善、運(yun)行正常，消防設(she)備、應急(ji)照明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)是否(fou)(fou)(fou)可靠，保安監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)是否(fou)(fou)(fou)完(wan)備等等。

四、電(dian)氣工程師應(ying)具(ju)有的責(ze)任心(xin)及工作能(neng)力

電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)師應有對所負責的電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量高度負責的責任心，充分(fen)應用自己的專業水平，深入(ru)、細致地搞好電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)的技術、質(zhi)量、簽(qian)證、進度、安全等(deng)管理工(gong)作。

一(yi)(yi)個(ge)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)工程師(shi)首先要有全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)知識(shi)，不僅(jin)要掌握強電(dian)各系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容及(ji)施工規(gui)范，還(huan)要有豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)電(dian)各系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)和(he)經驗；同時，還(huan)必(bi)須熟悉各種(zhong)有關的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)規(gui)范、有關主管部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)及(ji)“非(fei)正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定等，這(zhe)些(xie)比施工規(gui)范要多得多，而且(qie)涉及(ji)面廣，更新快。而且(qie)近幾年興起的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)智能化(hua)設計(ji)，尚無全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)級規(gui)范和(he)標準，僅(jin)有個(ge)別子系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范和(he)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)地方規(gui)范，目(mu)前(qian)來(lai)看，可(ke)以把(ba)這(zhe)些(xie)地方規(gui)范作為設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參考(kao)。

盡管強電各系統的(de)技術已比較成(cheng)熟，但(dan)電氣(qi)設備、材料及元件(jian)種(zhong)類(lei)繁多，并且(qie)還在不斷改進、更新(xin)換(huan)代，要想全(quan)面掌握各種(zhong)電氣(qi)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)性(xing)能，不經(jing)過一定的(de)努力、沒有一定的(de)經(jing)驗(yan)積累(lei)是(shi)很難做到的(de)。

要及時(shi)跟(gen)(gen)上(shang)建筑智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化的(de)發展(zhan)，掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)各系統的(de)技(ji)術(shu)狀況，哪些是成熟的(de)、可應用于工程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)建筑是一項(xiang)綜合(he)的(de)、系統的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)，而且在技(ji)術(shu)和應用上(shang)發展(zhan)很快，投(tou)資(zi)比例(li)不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)，電(dian)氣工程(cheng)(cheng)師必須不(bu)斷(duan)地更新知(zhi)識、掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)發展(zhan)動(dong)態以(yi)充(chong)實自己，深入了解和掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)各種建筑智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化系統和產品的(de)技(ji)術(shu)性能(neng)、工程(cheng)(cheng)業(ye)績（包括成功和不(bu)成功的(de)案例(li)）、投(tou)資(zi)情況、投(tou)入使用后的(de)效果等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)，只有(you)這樣才(cai)能(neng)跟(gen)(gen)上(shang)時(shi)代的(de)發展(zhan)，與時(shi)俱進。

電氣工(gong)程(cheng)師還必須具有綜合的(de)業務水平和(he)工(gong)作能力，如工(gong)程(cheng)概預算、招投標、工(gong)序銜接及工(gong)種配合、各(ge)種關系的(de)協調等等。

五、電氣工程的質量(liang)控制

工(gong)(gong)程的(de)質量(liang)是幾代人的(de)事，工(gong)(gong)程建設(she)不同于科學實驗，不能(neng)(neng)有失敗，不能(neng)(neng)拿工(gong)(gong)程做“實驗”。電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)的(de)好壞直接影響(xiang)(xiang)建筑(zhu)物功能(neng)(neng)是否(fou)正常運行，影響(xiang)(xiang)該(gai)建筑(zhu)的(de)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)及經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。

（一）施工準備階段的質量控制

電(dian)氣工程師不能只停留在(zai)按圖(tu)施工的(de)水平，要(yao)全(quan)面熟悉設計圖(tu)紙(zhi)，努力并善于發(fa)現圖(tu)紙(zhi)中的(de)不足，及時(shi)提(ti)出處理(li)意見，對業(ye)主(zhu)而(er)言是維(wei)護其利(li)益，對自己(ji)也(ye)是提(ti)高。

好的(de)(de)工程(cheng)質量是由高素質高水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)施(shi)工人員完(wan)成的(de)(de)，這(zhe)就要(yao)求施(shi)工前(qian)要(yao)對(dui)施(shi)工隊伍(wu)及人員進行(xing)考核和評(ping)估，并調整(zheng)好技工和普(pu)工的(de)(de)比例。要(yao)對(dui)技工進行(xing)持(chi)證(zheng)(zheng)上(shang)崗，但(dan)也不能(neng)偏信證(zheng)(zheng)件(jian)，因為現在假證(zheng)(zheng)存在較多，主要(yao)還要(yao)看(kan)實際操作水(shui)(shui)平。

電氣(qi)工程(cheng)(cheng)師要根據工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實際情況編制施工組織設(she)計（施工技術方(fang)案）并(bing)嚴格(ge)審查(cha)，要求(qiu)有(you)完善的(de)(de)質量(liang)保(bao)證體(ti)系、保(bao)證工程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)的(de)(de)各項技術措施，而且(qie)應符合經會審的(de)(de)設(she)計圖(tu)紙及國家現行的(de)(de)有(you)關電氣(qi)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施工及驗收(shou)規范。

篇7

關(guan)鍵詞(ci)：卓越電氣工(gong)程(cheng)師；多(duo)元化多(duo)層次(ci)；實踐教(jiao)學體系

作者簡(jian)介：胡(hu)曉倩（1977-），女，四川綿(mian)陽人，重慶(qing)理工大學電子信息(xi)與自動(dong)化學院(yuan)(yuan)，講師(shi)；張蓮(lian)（1967-），女，重慶(qing)人，重慶(qing)理工大學電子信息(xi)與自動(dong)化學院(yuan)(yuan)，教授。（重慶(qing) 400054）

基金(jin)項目(mu)(mu)：本文(wen)系重慶市高等教(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)學改革(ge)重大(da)項目(mu)(mu)“電(dian)氣信(xin)息(xi)類(lei)工(gong)(gong)程應(ying)用型(xing)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)模式的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)”（項目(mu)(mu)編號：101102）、重慶市2010年人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)模式與(yu)創(chuang)新實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)“‘寬口(kou)徑、大(da)工(gong)(gong)程’觀下(xia)的(de)電(dian)氣信(xin)息(xi)類(lei)應(ying)用型(xing)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)模式創(chuang)新實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)”、重慶理工(gong)(gong)大(da)學高等教(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)學改革(ge)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)項目(mu)(mu)（項目(mu)(mu)編號：2012026）的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)成果。

中圖(tu)分類(lei)號：G642 文(wen)獻標識碼：A 文(wen)章(zhang)編號：1007-0079（2013）20-0010-03

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)(mian)寬、適應(ying)性(xing)強(qiang)，要求學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)既具有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)知識(shi)和技(ji)(ji)能，又有(you)(you)自(zi)動化、信息技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎知識(shi)和基本技(ji)(ji)能，具備解決既有(you)(you)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又有(you)(you)弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬口徑專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)(li)(li)。因此(ci)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)除了需(xu)(xu)要有(you)(you)扎實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論基礎外，還(huan)必須有(you)(you)很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐能力(li)(li)(li)。為(wei)提(ti)高學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐能力(li)(li)(li)，滿足人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)元化需(xu)(xu)求，重慶理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大學(xue)(xue)積極(ji)響應(ying)并(bing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)教(jiao)育部提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“卓(zhuo)越(yue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程師教(jiao)育培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)計劃(hua)”。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程及(ji)其自(zi)動化作為(wei)首個試點(dian)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，已(yi)經從(cong)2010年(nian)9月開始具體(ti)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)。目前，經過幾年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探索與(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐，以面(mian)(mian)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主，已(yi)經全面(mian)(mian)構建(jian)(jian)了具有(you)(you)本校特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“2+1+1”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卓(zhuo)越(yue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程師人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)模式，并(bing)針對卓(zhuo)越(yue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程師培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心與(yu)本質——工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐與(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)能力(li)(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)立了創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)元化多(duo)(duo)層次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)體(ti)系(xi)，取得了良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)效果。

一、卓越電氣工程(cheng)師的培養目標

為(wei)了(le)適應我國(guo)電力及相(xiang)關工業的(de)(de)(de)快速發展，進一步滿(man)足國(guo)家、行(xing)(xing)業對(dui)電氣領(ling)域高級工程(cheng)人才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)，要求(qiu)卓越電氣工程(cheng)師不僅掌握電氣工程(cheng)、自動化、電子與計算機技術(shu)應用等領(ling)域堅實的(de)(de)(de)基礎理論、系統的(de)(de)(de)專門(men)知識及基本技能(neng)，而且是(shi)能(neng)在以(yi)上領(ling)域從事工程(cheng)設計與技術(shu)開(kai)(kai)發、系統運(yun)行(xing)(xing)維護、科學研究、生產(chan)組織和管理等方(fang)面工作的(de)(de)(de)高級工程(cheng)技術(shu)人才(cai)和管理人才(cai)。最終(zhong)目標是(shi)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)其具有良好的(de)(de)(de)人文(wen)素養(yang)(yang)、團隊協作能(neng)力、突出的(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)創新(xin)能(neng)力和社(she)會責(ze)任感、開(kai)(kai)闊的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際視野和跨文(wen)化交流能(neng)力。

二、總體思路與方案

教育(yu)部“卓越計劃”強調三個特點：一是行(xing)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)深度參與培養(yang)(yang)過(guo)程；二是學(xue)校按通用國(guo)際(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和行(xing)業(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)培養(yang)(yang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程人才；三是強化培養(yang)(yang)學(xue)生的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程能力(li)和創新能力(li)。實(shi)踐(jian)教學(xue)體系改革(ge)必(bi)須以(yi)社會需求為(wei)導向，以(yi)實(shi)際(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程為(wei)背景，以(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程技術為(wei)主線，以(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程能力(li)培養(yang)(yang)為(wei)核心(xin)，著力(li)提高學(xue)生的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程意識、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程素質和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)踐(jian)與創新能力(li)。因此，整(zheng)個改革(ge)必(bi)須圍繞以(yi)下總體思路進行(xing)：

（1）教育和社(she)(she)會是緊密聯(lian)系的(de)，人文(wen)素(su)質在高校理(li)工(gong)科(ke)學生的(de)成長(chang)成才過程(cheng)中也具(ju)有非常積極的(de)作用，工(gong)程(cheng)實踐(jian)應和人文(wen)社(she)(she)會實踐(jian)相結合，使(shi)學生在社(she)(she)會與(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)實踐(jian)的(de)過程(cheng)中了解社(she)(she)會、適應社(she)(she)會，學會做(zuo)人、做(zuo)事(shi)，具(ju)備(bei)多方面的(de)綜合素(su)質與(yu)(yu)團隊協作能力(li)。卓(zhuo)越(yue)電氣工(gong)程(cheng)師之所以“卓(zhuo)越(yue)”，除了其專業知(zhi)識(shi)更(geng)豐(feng)富、工(gong)程(cheng)實踐(jian)能力(li)更(geng)強外，關鍵在于其具(ju)有更(geng)高的(de)綜合素(su)質。

（2）卓越電(dian)(dian)氣工程師必(bi)須具備(bei)本(ben)專業核(he)心知識和能(neng)力(li)，即掌(zhang)握電(dian)(dian)力(li)能(neng)源的(de)(de)產生、傳輸、變(bian)換(huan)、調(diao)控和使(shi)用所需的(de)(de)系統(tong)運行(xing)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎理(li)論和專門知識，熟悉相關的(de)(de)國家、國際(ji)技(ji)術標準(zhun)及行(xing)業法規，具有優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)氣工程與(yu)自動(dong)化領域的(de)(de)研(yan)發(fa)、設(she)計、制造、運行(xing)與(yu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)。

（3）在(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)的內容上一方面(mian)要(yao)強調綜合(he)性、設計性與實(shi)用性，加強學生分析問(wen)題、解決問(wen)題的能力；另(ling)一方面(mian)要(yao)以就業和(he)市(shi)場為導向，人(ren)才(cai)培養緊密對(dui)接社會需求，并要(yao)體現當前(qian)電力技術發展的最新趨(qu)勢。在(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)的形式(shi)上，推行全面(mian)工程教(jiao)育，以多層次、多元(yuan)化(hua)為主要(yao)特征，并強調與企業工程實(shi)踐(jian)鍛煉(lian)相(xiang)結合(he)、產學研相(xiang)結合(he)。[1，2]

（4）建立開放式(shi)、自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)式(shi)的實踐教學(xue)模式(shi)，以學(xue)生為中心(xin)，注重學(xue)生創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)意識、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)力(li)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)我學(xue)習能(neng)(neng)力(li)的培養(yang)。

目前，重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)理工(gong)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)卓(zhuo)越(yue)電氣工(gong)程師(shi)的具體(ti)實(shi)施(shi)方案(an)為(wei)(wei)：已經(jing)與重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)市電力(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)市電科院、重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)萬州水利(li)電力(li)(li)集團、重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)水輪機(ji)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、長壽獅子灘發電集團等重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)電力(li)(li)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和研究院所建立(li)了產(chan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)研合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)平臺，實(shi)行聯(lian)合(he)(he)培養。每(mei)年(nian)(nian)從大(da)二學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)中公(gong)(gong)開選拔(ba)20名(ming)優秀學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)參與卓(zhuo)越(yue)工(gong)程師(shi)計劃，每(mei)名(ming)參與學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)都能在合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中有具體(ti)實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)崗位，時(shi)間累計不(bu)少于(yu)1學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)年(nian)(nian)，所獲得的學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)數不(bu)得少于(yu)28個學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)。實(shi)施(shi)手段采(cai)用學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校導師(shi)和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)導師(shi)的“雙(shuang)導師(shi)制”，即四(si)位學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)組成一(yi)(yi)個項目組，每(mei)組都指派一(yi)(yi)名(ming)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校導師(shi)，并(bing)聘(pin)請一(yi)(yi)名(ming)電力(li)(li)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有豐富理論與實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)經(jing)驗的高(gao)級工(gong)程技術人員(yuan)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)導師(shi)，共同負責(ze)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)培養的全過(guo)程。

三、開放、創(chuang)新的實踐教學體系

在培(pei)養(yang)(yang)模(mo)式(shi)方面，根據重慶理(li)工(gong)大(da)學電氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業實(shi)(shi)際情況，按照工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)創新型模(mo)式(shi)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)，強調基礎扎實(shi)(shi)、視野寬廣、電氣(qi)(qi)與(yu)自動化、計(ji)(ji)算機學科交叉(cha)，注(zhu)(zhu)重工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)與(yu)創新研(yan)究能力(li)，尤其注(zhu)(zhu)重設計(ji)(ji)和動手能力(li)。為此，從品行、知識、能力(li)多個維(wei)度將人才培(pei)養(yang)(yang)目標進一步細化，構建了“工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)創新型的(de)(de)卓越電氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教學體系”，從整體層次上包(bao)含(han)了人文素質實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)、自然科學實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)能力(li)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)、創新研(yan)究實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)四大(da)類（見圖1），每一類都包(bao)含(han)多元(yuan)化的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)方法與(yu)手段，并針(zhen)對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)能力(li)的(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)實(shi)(shi)行多元(yuan)化的(de)(de)考核(he)方式(shi)。[3]

1.人文素質實踐

人文(wen)(wen)教育培養高(gao)校學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)具(ju)有正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人生(sheng)觀(guan)(guan)、價值(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)、高(gao)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會責任感(gan)，并能(neng)(neng)激發學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)維思維能(neng)(neng)力，提高(gao)綜合素質，在(zai)整個高(gao)等教育中具(ju)有重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎地位。因此學(xue)(xue)(xue)校強(qiang)化了學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)在(zai)社(she)會科學(xue)(xue)(xue)、文(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)藝術等方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)，主要(yao)(yao)由入學(xue)(xue)(xue)教育、軍(jun)訓、社(she)團活動（包括學(xue)(xue)(xue)術類(lei)、公益(yi)類(lei)、藝術類(lei)、體(ti)育類(lei)）、社(she)會實踐(jian)、公益(yi)勞動、就業(ye)教育等組成。各種類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人文(wen)(wen)素質實踐(jian)培養學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)具(ju)備良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活與(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習習慣、熱愛祖國(guo)和遵守紀律的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)念、堅強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意志與(yu)(yu)集體(ti)意識(shi)(shi)、多(duo)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)(shi)和技能(neng)(neng)、提高(gao)人際(ji)交往與(yu)(yu)適(shi)應社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力、培養勞動觀(guan)(guan)念、增強(qiang)社(she)會責任感(gan)，并樹立(li)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職業(ye)觀(guan)(guan)和擇業(ye)觀(guan)(guan)。

2.自然科學實踐

自然科學(xue)實踐(jian)由大學(xue)物理(li)(li)實驗(yan)等課(ke)程(cheng)實驗(yan)組(zu)成，對(dui)提高理(li)(li)工(gong)科學(xue)生的(de)綜(zong)合素質和(he)創新能力的(de)培養(yang)具有(you)獨特的(de)基礎(chu)性和(he)無可替代性作用。針對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)實踐(jian)能力的(de)培養(yang)，學(xue)校在傳統的(de)大學(xue)物理(li)(li)實驗(yan)基礎(chu)上(shang)進行(xing)改革。一方面在傳統的(de)基礎(chu)性實驗(yan)、驗(yan)證性實驗(yan)基礎(chu)上(shang)增加了設計型實驗(yan)與綜(zong)合性實驗(yan)。另(ling)一方面強調(diao)面向各應(ying)用型專業，將實驗(yan)整合為三個層(ceng)次(ci)，包括(kuo)：

（1）基礎型物理實驗，要求學生掌(zhang)握物理實驗的基本方法、儀(yi)器與操作。

（2）面向電(dian)氣信息類專業的(de)綜(zong)合(he)物理(li)實驗，讓傳統的(de)大學(xue)物理(li)實驗與電(dian)氣工程專業接軌，夯實專業基礎(chu)。

（3）開放式的(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)設計(ji)(ji)物(wu)理實驗為選的(de)(de)卓(zhuo)越計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)參與(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)提供研究(jiu)設計(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)制作型實驗，激發創(chuang)新(xin)意識(shi)。通(tong)過(guo)以(yi)上分層次、系統的(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)實驗能(neng)力(li)培養(yang)使(shi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)掌握進行科學(xue)(xue)實驗的(de)(de)基(ji)本知識(shi)、方法和(he)技巧，并(bing)培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)敏銳的(de)(de)觀察力(li)和(he)嚴謹的(de)(de)思維能(neng)力(li)，使(shi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)理論(lun)(lun)聯系實際，并(bing)為今(jin)后在電(dian)氣工程及相(xiang)關領域的(de)(de)理論(lun)(lun)和(he)實踐學(xue)(xue)習(xi)打下深厚的(de)(de)數學(xue)(xue)、物(wu)理基(ji)礎。

3.工程能力實踐

工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)能力(li)(li)(li)實(shi)踐(jian)由機械類(lei)、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)信息類(lei)和電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)驗及電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)控制應(ying)用設(she)計(ji)(ji)、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)綜(zong)合(he)(he)設(she)計(ji)(ji)、生產實(shi)習、在(zai)崗實(shi)習、畢業(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)等組成。[4，5]根據工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)能力(li)(li)(li)培養的(de)(de)(de)要求，以(yi)實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)、研發能力(li)(li)(li)訓練(lian)為核心與主線，重新整(zheng)合(he)(he)、統(tong)一規劃和系(xi)統(tong)化，構(gou)建了多層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)“2+1+1”工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)能力(li)(li)(li)實(shi)踐(jian)體系(xi)，如圖2所(suo)示(shi)。它由“專(zhuan)業(ye)基礎訓練(lian)一專(zhuan)業(ye)綜(zong)合(he)(he)訓練(lian)—綜(zong)合(he)(he)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)能力(li)(li)(li)訓練(lian)”三個層(ceng)面構(gou)成，產學(xue)研結合(he)(he)，循序漸進地實(shi)現對(dui)學(xue)生由淺入深、系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)、多層(ceng)次(ci)、全(quan)方位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)能力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)培養。[4，5]

專(zhuan)業基(ji)(ji)礎訓練層(ceng)（“2”：大(da)一(yi)、大(da)二學年，校內培養）。通過機(ji)械類、電(dian)氣信息類基(ji)(ji)礎課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)驗(yan)以及基(ji)(ji)礎實(shi)訓，包括工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制(zhi)圖、機(ji)械制(zhi)造基(ji)(ji)礎訓練、電(dian)工(gong)(gong)電(dian)子(zi)技能訓練、電(dian)路電(dian)子(zi)基(ji)(ji)礎實(shi)驗(yan)、微機(ji)原(yuan)理及應用(yong)(yong)實(shi)驗(yan)、電(dian)子(zi)技術應用(yong)(yong)設(she)計等，使學生(sheng)完(wan)整地掌(zhang)握本(ben)(ben)專(zhuan)業基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技能與實(shi)踐能力，并強化(hua)計算機(ji)應用(yong)(yong)部分，在(zai)相應的(de)實(shi)踐課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中要求學生(sheng)熟練掌(zhang)握常見的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制(zhi)圖與電(dian)子(zi)設(she)計軟件，如Autocad、Protel、Protus等。

專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綜(zong)(zong)合訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)層（“1”：大(da)三學(xue)(xue)(xue)年，學(xue)(xue)(xue)校、企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)聯合培(pei)(pei)養(yang)）。第一(yi)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)測(ce)試技(ji)(ji)術、自(zi)動控制原理(li)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技(ji)(ji)術課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)驗為(wei)核心，一(yi)方面(mian)使學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直(zhi)接接觸實(shi)際的(de)測(ce)試、控制的(de)、元(yuan)件與(yu)(yu)系統，在(zai)傳(chuan)感(gan)器、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件等(deng)方面(mian)得到(dao)具體的(de)感(gan)性認(ren)識與(yu)(yu)初步訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)；另一(yi)方面(mian)，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)計(ji)算機(ji)輔助設(she)計(ji)的(de)能(neng)力(li)，例如要求學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)熟練(lian)掌握基(ji)于MATLAB、Labview的(de)控制、信(xin)號處理(li)的(de)建模與(yu)(yu)仿真。第二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)課教學(xue)(xue)(xue)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，單獨開設(she)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)綜(zong)(zong)合實(shi)驗課，并(bing)結合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產實(shi)習(xi)，使學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掌握電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)領(ling)域的(de)相關(guan)識圖(tu)方法、繪圖(tu)、接線、調(diao)試、檢修和維(wei)護等(deng)基(ji)本知識。并(bing)在(zai)重要的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)積極(ji)開展各種形式的(de)雙語(yu)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)外語(yu)運(yun)用能(neng)力(li)，提高學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)綜(zong)(zong)合素質。第三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)結束(shu)后(hou)，在(zai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)及企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)導(dao)師的(de)共同指導(dao)下，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)控制技(ji)(ji)術應用設(she)計(ji)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)綜(zong)(zong)合設(she)計(ji)環(huan)節為(wei)主，設(she)計(ji)內容面(mian)向企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)問題，引(yin)導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)把原理(li)分(fen)析(xi)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)結合，提高綜(zong)(zong)合應用能(neng)力(li)；并(bing)要求學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掌握常用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)析(xi)與(yu)(yu)設(she)計(ji)軟件，如PSASP、Saber、Ansoft等(deng)，為(wei)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)計(ji)與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐打(da)下堅固的(de)基(ji)礎。

綜合(he)(he)工程能力訓練(lian)層（“1”：大四(si)學年(nian)(nian)，企業(ye)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)）。參與學生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)際進入合(he)(he)作電力企業(ye)進行為期一年(nian)(nian)的企業(ye)員工式實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)，掌握實(shi)(shi)際電力企業(ye)應用項目設計(ji)、開發(fa)與管(guan)理(li)的方法和技(ji)能。

（1）第一(yi)階段：通過(guo)在崗實(shi)習深入(ru)電(dian)力企(qi)業進(jin)行(xing)企(qi)業文化與規章(zhang)制度(du)教(jiao)育、生(sheng)產技能培訓等(deng)實(shi)踐，使學生(sheng)熟悉企(qi)業環境和企(qi)業文化，了解(jie)電(dian)力產業人才需求(qiu)及(ji)(ji)產業動向(xiang)，掌(zhang)握最(zui)新的國家及(ji)(ji)國際行(xing)業標準。

（2）第(di)二階(jie)段：參與(yu)(yu)企業(ye)生產(chan)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)，熟(shu)悉(xi)電(dian)力企業(ye)實(shi)(shi)際生產(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、項(xiang)目開發(fa)(fa)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和開發(fa)(fa)管理規程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，能夠獨立(li)閱讀及(ji)掌握最(zui)新國外設備的(de)英文技術(shu)文檔，培(pei)養學(xue)生靈活(huo)運用電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專業(ye)知(zhi)識與(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)際工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規范、團隊協(xie)作、競爭與(yu)(yu)合(he)作的(de)能力，具備電(dian)力企業(ye)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)技術(shu)及(ji)能力。

（3）第(di)三階段(duan)：通過畢業設(she)計(ji)(ji)對學生進(jin)(jin)行(xing)綜(zong)合(he)工(gong)程能(neng)力(li)訓(xun)練。設(she)計(ji)(ji)內容與(yu)(yu)工(gong)程實際接(jie)軌，由電力(li)企業提供設(she)計(ji)(ji)所需(xu)現場數據、技術(shu)(shu)，使用(yong)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)程設(she)計(ji)(ji)一致的(de)(de)研(yan)發設(she)備，使學生接(jie)觸電力(li)行(xing)業的(de)(de)前沿科(ke)技與(yu)(yu)最新設(she)備。采取項(xiang)目(mu)驅動制(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)方式，在企業導師(shi)的(de)(de)指導下，以項(xiang)目(mu)組的(de)(de)方式完(wan)成(cheng)一個企業實際產品由構(gou)思、分析、設(she)計(ji)(ji)、實現到交(jiao)付(fu)的(de)(de)完(wan)整(zheng)過程。培(pei)養學生不僅從技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)角度(du)去解(jie)決問題，還必須從產品和(he)(he)市場的(de)(de)角度(du)，包括成(cheng)本、性(xing)能(neng)要(yao)求和(he)(he)開(kai)發周期等綜(zong)合(he)因素考(kao)慮實際工(gong)程問題，拓寬工(gong)程領域基礎和(he)(he)口徑，在較高的(de)(de)層次上(shang)培(pei)養學生進(jin)(jin)行(xing)產品開(kai)發設(she)計(ji)(ji)、技術(shu)(shu)改造的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)。

4.創新研究實踐

深化(hua)和(he)完(wan)善卓越計劃(hua)參(can)與學生的專(zhuan)業(ye)理(li)論(lun)知識(shi)技(ji)能(neng)體系(xi)，提(ti)高專(zhuan)業(ye)知識(shi)的深度和(he)廣度，培(pei)養其具有獨立的科學研究工作能(neng)力及自主學習及創新能(neng)力。

（1）積極開展如全國(guo)大學生電子設計(ji)大賽(sai)、全國(guo)“挑(tiao)戰杯(bei)”科技(ji)競賽(sai)、數學建模大賽(sai)和(he)學校(xiao)組織的各(ge)類科技(ji)競賽(sai)、科技(ji)興(xing)趣小組等課外科技(ji)活動(dong)與(yu)(yu)創新實(shi)踐，給(gei)卓越計(ji)劃參與(yu)(yu)學生提供良好的學習、設計(ji)和(he)研(yan)究(jiu)環境，拓寬專業知識面與(yu)(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)方向。

（2）參與(yu)教師(shi)科研(yan)(yan)，培養學(xue)(xue)生獨立(li)的(de)(de)思維和科學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)方法(fa)和對未知(zhi)領域進行科學(xue)(xue)探索的(de)(de)能(neng)力，并(bing)引導學(xue)(xue)生根據(ju)自己的(de)(de)興趣與(yu)特長，獨立(li)自主地開(kai)展科研(yan)(yan)活動(dong)。

（3）借鑒研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)培養(yang)模(mo)式(shi)，幫助(zhu)學生(sheng)(sheng)將自己設計(ji)、研(yan)究(jiu)的產(chan)品及新方(fang)法、新思路轉(zhuan)化(hua)為公開發表的科研(yan)論文(wen)及專利申請，使有(you)進一步深造需(xu)求的學生(sheng)(sheng)的培養(yang)模(mo)式(shi)從工程創新型轉(zhuan)變為技術科學型，滿足人才培養(yang)的多元(yuan)化(hua)需(xu)求。

（4）創業(ye)實(shi)踐，培養(yang)學生的(de)創業(ye)意(yi)識與能力(li)。當(dang)學生經(jing)過完整的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)訓(xun)練(lian)，并且條件(jian)許可時(shi)，鼓勵學生針對電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場需(xu)求(qiu)進行(xing)自(zi)主創新，開(kai)發(fa)(fa)滿足市(shi)(shi)場需(xu)要的(de)新產品；將實(shi)踐成(cheng)果(guo)推向市(shi)(shi)場，了解國家在微型企業(ye)創辦、專利轉讓等(deng)方面的(de)相應政策與法規，培養(yang)經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)理、市(shi)(shi)場營(ying)銷的(de)能力(li)。

四、強(qiang)調工程能力的多元(yuan)化(hua)考核方式(shi)

考(kao)核(he)從注重“考(kao)核(he)結果”向(xiang)注重“實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐過程(cheng)”與(yu)(yu)(yu)“工程(cheng)能力(li)”轉(zhuan)變(bian)，采取以(yi)個(ge)性(xing)化(hua)和(he)制度激勵為(wei)(wei)特點的(de)(de)管理模(mo)式，激發學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)主(zhu)動性(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)覺性(xing)，提(ti)高學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)研究能力(li)和(he)工程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐能力(li)。改革傳統的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐環節(jie)以(yi)提(ti)交書面(mian)報(bao)(bao)告為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)考(kao)核(he)方(fang)式，實(shi)(shi)(shi)施復合(he)式考(kao)核(he)，針對不同的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐項目要求(qiu)(qiu)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)提(ti)交實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)體會、調研報(bao)(bao)告、工程(cheng)分(fen)析報(bao)(bao)告、技術革新建議、科研報(bao)(bao)告或(huo)論(lun)(lun)文，或(huo)者提(ti)交產品(pin)(pin)設(she)(she)計(ji)、工程(cheng)規劃設(she)(she)計(ji)、工程(cheng)項目實(shi)(shi)(shi)施方(fang)案、實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)設(she)(she)計(ji)產品(pin)(pin)以(yi)及其他物化(hua)成果，此外，考(kao)核(he)結果需(xu)(xu)要參考(kao)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)在實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐環節(jie)進行過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)組織與(yu)(yu)(yu)團隊協作能力(li)。在電氣綜(zong)合(he)設(she)(she)計(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)畢(bi)業設(she)(she)計(ji)論(lun)(lun)文的(de)(de)評(ping)審(shen)答辯中，引(yin)入(ru)校外企(qi)業專家評(ping)審(shen)機制，按一定(ding)權重綜(zong)合(he)電力(li)企(qi)業專家與(yu)(yu)(yu)雙導師(shi)評(ping)審(shen)及答辯的(de)(de)評(ping)分(fen)結果作為(wei)(wei)最(zui)終成績，以(yi)促進畢(bi)業設(she)(she)計(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)工程(cheng)應(ying)用(yong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)全面(mian)對接。

五、結束語

針對卓越電氣工程(cheng)師(shi)的(de)工程(cheng)能(neng)力培(pei)(pei)養要求(qiu)，通過構建包(bao)括人文素質(zhi)(zhi)實踐(jian)(jian)、自然科學實踐(jian)(jian)、工程(cheng)能(neng)力實踐(jian)(jian)、創新(xin)研(yan)究實踐(jian)(jian)的(de)立體化(hua)實踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學體系，使每一位卓越計劃參與學生(sheng)得到了(le)(le)全方位、個性化(hua)、多層(ceng)次、多元化(hua)的(de)培(pei)(pei)訓，其工程(cheng)能(neng)力與創新(xin)意識得到了(le)(le)培(pei)(pei)養，提高了(le)(le)人才培(pei)(pei)養質(zhi)(zhi)量。

目前我校的(de)(de)卓越電(dian)氣工程師(shi)計劃(hua)正(zheng)在進一步(bu)探索(suo)中，基于工程實(shi)踐與創新(xin)能(neng)力培(pei)養(yang)的(de)(de)實(shi)踐教(jiao)學體系(xi)改(gai)革也(ye)是一個循序漸進的(de)(de)過程，今后還將(jiang)進一步(bu)調整和完善整個實(shi)踐教(jiao)學體系(xi)，并將(jiang)該計劃(hua)分步(bu)驟(zou)地、系(xi)統地擴展到所有電(dian)氣工程專業(ye)(ye)學生(sheng)，以實(shi)現真(zhen)正(zheng)意義上的(de)(de)多元化(hua)多層次工程能(neng)力培(pei)養(yang)，培(pei)養(yang)出更(geng)多更(geng)好的(de)(de)在電(dian)氣工程與自動化(hua)領域具備研究、規(gui)劃(hua)、設計、建設、運(yun)營、管理(li)等(deng)方面能(neng)力的(de)(de)本科工程型專業(ye)(ye)人才(cai)。

參考文獻：

[1]吳鳴，熊光(guang)晶(jing).以工(gong)程(cheng)能力培養(yang)為(wei)導向(xiang)的工(gong)程(cheng)教育(yu)改革研(yan)究[J].理工(gong)高教研(yan)究，2010，29（3）：54-58.

[2]羅正祥.工程教(jiao)育(yu)專業認證(zheng)及其(qi)對高校實踐教(jiao)學(xue)的影響[J].實驗室研究與探索(suo)，2008，27（6）：1-3.

[3]王修巖，喬輝.自動化專業(ye)實踐教學體系的構(gou)建[J].中國電(dian)力教育(yu)，2008，（12）：133-134.

篇8

關鍵詞：電氣工程　工程項目管(guan)理(li)　設計審圖　質量(liang)控制　安全

一、引言

英國建(jian)(jian)造學(xue)會《項目管理實施規則(ze)》定(ding)義項目管理“為一個建(jian)(jian)設(she)項目進行(xing)從概念到完成(cheng)的(de)(de)全方位的(de)(de)計劃、控制(zhi)、與協調，以滿(man)足委托人的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，使(shi)項目得以在所(suo)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)質量標準的(de)(de)基礎上，在規定(ding)的(de)(de)時間內，在批準的(de)(de)費用預(yu)算內完成(cheng)”。取(qu)得成(cheng)功的(de)(de)項目是(shi)項目管理的(de)(de)總體目標。

電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)程（本文所指的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)程主要指船舶(bo)電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)程）是工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部分，如果(guo)把建(jian)筑比作計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機，結構相當于(yu)(yu)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)件，建(jian)筑裝飾相當于(yu)(yu)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機的(de)(de)(de)外觀(guan)，通風相當于(yu)(yu)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機的(de)(de)(de)散(san)熱(re)通風，那么(me)電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)程就相當于(yu)(yu)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機的(de)(de)(de)中央(yang)處理器（CPU），同時提供所有(you)硬(ying)件運行所需的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源。隨(sui)著(zhu)建(jian)筑智能(neng)化的(de)(de)(de)迅速發展，電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)地位和作用越來越重要，直(zhi)接(jie)關系到(dao)整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量、工(gong)(gong)期、投(tou)資(zi)和預期效果(guo)，工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響到(dao)建(jian)筑物(wu)整體設備的(de)(de)(de)安全運行、節(jie)能(neng)效果(guo)及建(jian)筑物(wu)投(tou)入使(shi)用后的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用功能(neng)，包(bao)括工(gong)(gong)作、生活在其(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)人員的(de)(de)(de)舒適性、安全性、高效性。

下(xia)面我將從(cong)一名船舶電氣設計人員(yuan)的(de)角度出發，運用(yong)所學(xue)的(de)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)專業(ye)知(zhi)識并結(jie)合我的(de)實(shi)際工作(zuo)，按(an)照工程(cheng)的(de)進程(cheng)順序分(fen)如下(xia)三個方面淺談如何在(zai)的(de)建筑工程(cheng)中做好(hao)電氣工程(cheng)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。

二、電氣工程管理(li)在工程造(zao)價方面(mian)及(ji)設計審(shen)圖階段應注意的問題

工程(cheng)造價(jia)性價(jia)比(bi)的高低和設計圖紙(zhi)是(shi)否優化(hua)合(he)理，都是(shi)整個建筑工程(cheng)前期(qi)(qi)應特別關(guan)注(zhu)的地方。對于每個項目(mu)從(cong)前期(qi)(qi)的立項、策劃(hua)(hua)、設計到后(hou)期(qi)(qi)的施工、完工、投入使用都要歷時很長(chang)的時間，因此只有(you)前期(qi)(qi)打好堅實(shi)的基礎，以后(hou)的工作才能(neng)按計劃(hua)(hua)有(you)目(mu)的、順利的逐(zhu)步開展。

1.如何做好電氣工程造(zao)價管(guan)理

工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價是指建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)的建(jian)(jian)設成(cheng)本，即是完成(cheng)一個建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)所(suo)需的費用的總和。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價的管理(li)就是以建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)為對(dui)(dui)象，對(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)設前期、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)各個階段的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價實(shi)行層(ceng)層(ceng)控(kong)制，是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)的主要(yao)表現(xian)形式和核心內容，也是提(ti)高(gao)項目(mu)投資效(xiao)益的關鍵所(suo)在。

電(dian)氣工程師應根(gen)據合(he)同和經驗使(shi)建造工程中的(de)電(dian)氣部(bu)(bu)分(fen)有(you)較高的(de)性(xing)價比(bi)，合(he)理利用資(zi)源避(bi)免不必要(yao)的(de)浪費，使(shi)整個項目(mu)的(de)開支(zhi)可以按預算有(you)計劃(hua)、有(you)目(mu)的(de)的(de)進行(xing)，避(bi)免因前期投入(ru)過大后期資(zi)金不足造成(cheng)項目(mu)停滯或施工質量下(xia)降(jiang)及因資(zi)金問題與施工或業主發生糾紛。要(yao)清楚對(dui)同一(yi)項目(mu)采用不同處理方案(an)后對(dui)投資(zi)產生的(de)不同影響。電(dian)氣工程師都要(yao)從(cong)工程的(de)經濟性(xing)出(chu)發，對(dui)電(dian)氣設(she)計中嚴格影響工程投資(zi)的(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)仔細斟酌(zhuo)。

要熟悉工(gong)程量計算(suan)規(gui)則，定額中對線管、導線、電纜(lan)等主(zhu)材的損(sun)(sun)耗量已經計算(suan)在主(zhu)材料(liao)費用(yong)中，損(sun)(sun)耗率是(shi)定額取費時綜合考(kao)慮的，一般不應做調整。

對已完成的(de)(de)分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)及時(shi)報(bao)(bao)驗，同(tong)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程量(liang)計(ji)(ji)量(liang)以便支(zhi)付工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度款(kuan)，未(wei)經報(bao)(bao)驗的(de)(de)分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程不能作(zuo)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度款(kuan)申請的(de)(de)內容。 電氣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程師應注意(yi)，報(bao)(bao)驗的(de)(de)分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)必須(xu)真(zhen)正完成后才可計(ji)(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程量(liang)，比如(ru)(ru)燈具安(an)裝(zhuang)分項(xiang)，內容應包(bao)(bao)括線路絕緣測試及燈具試亮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，如(ru)(ru)果只安(an)裝(zhuang)完，未(wei)測試絕緣或(huo)未(wei)試燈，均不能進(jin)行(xing)計(ji)(ji)量(liang)或(huo)支(zhi)付全部款(kuan)額。 嚴格遵(zun)守現(xian)場簽(qian)證的(de)(de)原則和程序，避(bi)免因簽(qian)證引起糾(jiu)紛。這(zhe)就要求一定要全面(mian)熟悉施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方與業主（總包(bao)(bao)商(shang)）簽(qian)定的(de)(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)內容，比如(ru)(ru)合(he)(he)同(tong)價(jia)內是(shi)否(fou)(fou)已包(bao)(bao)括了(le)要辦(ban)簽(qian)證的(de)(de)項(xiang)目，合(he)(he)同(tong)中對單價(jia)、取費(fei)的(de)(de)規(gui)定，是(shi)否(fou)(fou)有讓利（下浮）的(de)(de)規(gui)定等。

對于船(chuan)廠而言，建(jian)造一(yi)條船(chuan)舶往(wang)往(wang)是有許多(duo)個有聯系(xi)的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)項目所(suo)組成，雖(sui)然行政上有獨立的(de)組織形式(shi)，但經(jing)濟上實(shi)行統一(yi)的(de)核算，實(shi)行統一(yi)管理(li)的(de)建(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)總體(ti)。要做好電氣工程(cheng)(cheng)造價管理(li)應仔細(xi)研讀(du)說明書和合同，明確業(ye)主需求(qiu)和相(xiang)關規范(fan)要求(qiu)。從初步方案設計->設備訂貨->詳細(xi)設計->生產設計->施(shi)工過程(cheng)(cheng)->調試校驗->交船(chuan)，每一(yi)步都應該嚴格(ge)控制(zhi)成本，在滿足業(ye)主和相(xiang)關規范(fan)要求(qiu)的(de)前提(ti)下為船(chuan)廠爭取最大的(de)經(jing)濟效益。

2.圖紙會審階(jie)段的電氣工程管理：

設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是建(jian)造過程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)理論依據(ju)和指導思想(xiang)，尤其是電氣專業(ye)的(de)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是整個項目的(de)靈魂(hun)，直接影響到(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和功能。因此電氣工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師應十分重視設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)審核工(gong)(gong)作，提(ti)前發現(xian)問(wen)題，解決問(wen)題，如果前期圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)合理，錯誤少不僅(jin)可以縮短工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建(jian)造周(zhou)期，還可以節(jie)約成本，應避免將圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)的(de)小問(wen)題帶到(dao)施工(gong)(gong)中從而(er)造成更大的(de)人力及資金的(de)損失(shi)。因此電氣工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師應注(zhu)意以下幾(ji)點：

要審(shen)查設計圖紙是(shi)否符合(he)相關(guan)規范或有(you)關(guan)技術質量標準，設計是(shi)否優化和(he)合(he)理。特別是(shi)對建筑智能化的設計，要防止盲目求大、求全，應(ying)以適用為主，考慮經(jing)濟承受能力和(he)投資取(qu)得的回報。設計和(he)選用的產品應(ying)是(shi)開放型的，便(bian)于(yu)有(you)條(tiao)件時(shi)系(xi)統擴(kuo)展、互聯(lian)和(he)信息共享。

要根(gen)據工(gong)程的(de)(de)具體功能(neng)情況，明(ming)確業主(zhu)對其項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)定位和需(xu)求。應提供意見和建(jian)議(yi)與(yu)業主(zhu)及早(zao)協調(diao)明(ming)確要設置哪些系(xi)統，以(yi)便(bian)所(suo)設系(xi)統與(yu)主(zhu)體工(gong)程同步進行，避(bi)免主(zhu)體完工(gong)后再上(shang)系(xi)統，難于施工(gong)，造成(cheng)對項(xiang)目(mu)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)破壞和浪費。尤其對建(jian)筑智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)各系(xi)統的(de)(de)設計，因系(xi)統綜合性強、產品更(geng)新換代(dai)快、投資(zi)風(feng)險大，應慎重(zhong)考慮實施。

要審查設計(ji)是否體(ti)現了工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)經濟性、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)便利(li)性的(de)(de)(de)原則，許(xu)多成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)技術及材料是否在(zai)本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中有(you)所(suo)體(ti)現和運用(yong)。比如在(zai)船舶的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，有(you)些系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)可以(yi)不必采(cai)用(yong)耐火型，這樣可以(yi)節省(sheng)很(hen)多的(de)(de)(de)材料費(fei)用(yong)；有(you)時可采(cai)用(yong)PVC線(xian)管取(qu)代鋼管，對于鎧裝電(dian)纜(lan)可以(yi)直接(jie)暴露(lu)在(zai)危險區域(yu)，不必做電(dian)纜(lan)管進行保護等，既節約投資又可方便施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。很(hen)多設計(ji)方案過(guo)于保守，應在(zai)滿足相關的(de)(de)(de)要求的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下盡量優化設計(ji)，降低(di)成(cheng)本和減少(shao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)難(nan)度。

作(zuo)為電(dian)氣工(gong)(gong)程師，還應該認真準(zhun)備并組(zu)織好電(dian)氣圖(tu)紙會(hui)審工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能走過場、應付了(le)事，要認真審圖(tu)，把影響工(gong)(gong)程質量，使(shi)用功能等(deng)方面的問(wen)題(ti)盡量在(zai)會(hui)審時解(jie)決。現在(zai)是市場經濟，從事工(gong)(gong)程設計的單(dan)位(wei)大(da)都人員流動性(xing)大(da)，加之(zhi)有(you)的單(dan)位(wei)設計項目多，難免會(hui)出(chu)現一些問(wen)題(ti)，如(ru)各(ge)專業之(zhi)間(jian)缺乏(fa)溝通(tong)，圖(tu)紙中“打架”、不(bu)(bu)(bu)一致的地方多等(deng)等(deng)，這(zhe)些問(wen)題(ti)如(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及早(zao)提出(chu)、處(chu)理，影響的不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)是工(gong)(gong)程質量，還會(hui)因返工(gong)(gong)而影響工(gong)(gong)程進度、造(zao)價(jia)，甚至引起(qi)糾紛。

三(san)、電氣工(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)在施工(gong)中的質(zhi)量管理(li)

篇9

關鍵詞(ci)：電氣工程；人才培養模式；區域產業

作(zuo)者簡介：蔣小(xiao)洛（1970-），女，浙江溫州人，溫州大學(xue)物理與電(dian)子信(xin)息工程學(xue)院，副教授；吳桂初（1957-），男，浙江溫州人，溫州大學(xue)物理與電(dian)子信(xin)息工程學(xue)院，教授。（浙江 溫州 325035）

基金項(xiang)目：本文(wen)系2011年溫州(zhou)大(da)學教(jiao)改(gai)項(xiang)目（項(xiang)目編號(hao)：11jg47B）的研(yan)究成果。

中圖分類號：G642 文獻(xian)標識(shi)碼：A 文章編號：1007-0079（2013）02-0036-02

一、專業(ye)建設背景和人才需求分(fen)析

傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)及其自動化專(zhuan)業(ye)被認為(wei)是強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)專(zhuan)業(ye)，隨著(zhu)信息和網(wang)絡(luo)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，弱電(dian)(dian)類(lei)課程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)(zhong)正逐漸增加，[1]現(xian)(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)及其自動化專(zhuan)業(ye)已經成為(wei)強(qiang)弱電(dian)(dian)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)。不同高(gao)校根據(ju)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦學(xue)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)和現(xian)(xian)有師資(zi)均有所側(ce)(ce)重(zhong)(zhong)，目前重(zhong)(zhong)點高(gao)校基(ji)本上(shang)側(ce)(ce)重(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)，以電(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)及其自動化為(wei)主要方向；而有些(xie)高(gao)校由于(yu)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制或學(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就業(ye)情況側(ce)(ce)重(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)弱電(dian)(dian)。不同層次學(xue)校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才培養，其就業(ye)崗位和工(gong)作任務、性質也不一樣，因此應充分考慮到社會對本專(zhuan)業(ye)人才的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同需(xu)求。

浙(zhe)江省(sheng)(sheng)是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)第二產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)比重較高的省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)之一，高低壓電(dian)(dian)器(qi)和機電(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的發(fa)展處于突(tu)出(chu)的位置。溫(wen)州電(dian)(dian)器(qi)經過20多年的發(fa)展，已成為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規模最(zui)(zui)大、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)力最(zui)(zui)強、市場占(zhan)有(you)率最(zui)(zui)高、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)種類最(zui)(zui)齊的工業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)，“中國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)之都”、“國(guo)(guo)家火炬計劃智能(neng)化電(dian)(dian)器(qi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)地(di)”、“中國(guo)(guo)斷路器(qi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)地(di)”和“中國(guo)(guo)防爆(bao)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)”等國(guo)(guo)家級產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)地(di)均坐落(luo)于溫(wen)州市（樂清）境內(nei)。

溫(wen)(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)低壓電器企業的規模雖然大，但是(shi)技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)還比較(jiao)落(luo)后，平(ping)均盈利(li)能力低于整體水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，與北京、福建、天(tian)津、上海的企業相比，差距甚(shen)大，其主要原因(yin)是(shi)：產品檔(dang)次偏低，技(ji)術(shu)含量(liang)不(bu)(bu)高(gao)，缺(que)乏附加值。究(jiu)其根本是(shi)技(ji)術(shu)人才(cai)嚴重(zhong)缺(que)乏，技(ji)術(shu)人才(cai)的缺(que)乏已(yi)經(jing)制(zhi)約了溫(wen)(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)區域經(jing)濟的發展(zhan)，盡(jin)管全省已(yi)經(jing)有多所高(gao)校設置了電氣工程(cheng)及其自動(dong)化(hua)專業，但是(shi)這些專業培養(yang)的側重(zhong)點不(bu)(bu)一樣，不(bu)(bu)能滿(man)足溫(wen)(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)地(di)區對低壓電器人才(cai)的需求。因(yin)此(ci)，亟需地(di)方性高(gao)校為溫(wen)(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)電器產業培養(yang)急需的人才(cai)。

二、專業建設思路

根據人才市場需求(qiu)，溫(wen)(wen)州(zhou)大(da)學(xue)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程及其(qi)自動(dong)化(hua)專業建設的(de)具體(ti)(ti)思路是：定位建成立足(zu)溫(wen)(wen)州(zhou)、服(fu)(fu)務浙(zhe)江(jiang)、輻射行(xing)業的(de)工(gong)(gong)程應用(yong)型人才培(pei)養特(te)色(se)專業；建立合(he)理的(de)、具有鮮(xian)明(ming)特(te)色(se)的(de)理論和實(shi)踐(jian)兩個教學(xue)體(ti)(ti)系；培(pei)養學(xue)生電(dian)子(zi)設計(ji)、電(dian)氣(qi)產品(pin)設計(ji)和電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程設計(ji)這三方(fang)(fang)面的(de)能力；實(shi)現(xian)理論教學(xue)與實(shi)踐(jian)教學(xue)、課程體(ti)(ti)系與地方(fang)(fang)產業、人才培(pei)養與專業特(te)色(se)的(de)緊密結合(he)；使(shi)學(xue)生成為(wei)理論基礎扎實(shi)、具有一定工(gong)(gong)程應用(yong)能力和創新能力的(de)工(gong)(gong)程應用(yong)型人才，體(ti)(ti)現(xian)具有“應用(yong)性”和“地方(fang)(fang)性”特(te)色(se)的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程及其(qi)自動(dong)化(hua)專業工(gong)(gong)程型服(fu)(fu)務地方(fang)(fang)區域(yu)的(de)人才培(pei)養模式。

三、具體實施方案

1.以(yi)實際辦學條件(jian)為基礎(chu)，確(que)立專業(ye)培養目(mu)標(biao)

根據溫州大學電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工程(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)其自動化專(zhuan)業(ye)鮮明的服務于地方(fang)電(dian)(dian)器行(xing)業(ye)的專(zhuan)業(ye)定位，本專(zhuan)業(ye)旨(zhi)在(zai)(zai)培養具(ju)有電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工程(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)專(zhuan)業(ye)扎(zha)實(shi)的基礎(chu)理論與專(zhuan)業(ye)知識，具(ju)有較(jiao)強(qiang)的工程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐能(neng)(neng)力、創新(xin)意識以及(ji)良好的團隊合作(zuo)(zuo)精神(shen)，具(ju)有知識、能(neng)(neng)力、素(su)質協調(diao)發展，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統、建筑設(she)計與施工單位、科研(yan)(yan)機構、電(dian)(dian)器制(zhi)造企業(ye)等(deng)企事(shi)業(ye)單位與電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工程(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)相關領域(yu)從事(shi)設(she)計、研(yan)(yan)發、運(yun)行(xing)、維護、管理和(he)教育等(deng)工作(zuo)(zuo)的應用(yong)型(xing)高級工程(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)人才，特別是在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)器及(ji)其智能(neng)(neng)化方(fang)面能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)從事(shi)研(yan)(yan)制(zhi)開發、應用(yong)研(yan)(yan)究、試驗分析(xi)和(he)生(sheng)產管理等(deng)工作(zuo)(zuo)的電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工程(cheng)(cheng)師。

2.以CDIO培養(yang)模(mo)式(shi)為基(ji)礎，確定專業人(ren)才培養(yang)模(mo)式(shi)

在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養方(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)制(zhi)訂過(guo)程(cheng)中，加強(qiang)(qiang)相(xiang)關產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)領域發展(zhan)趨勢及(ji)人(ren)(ren)才需求的(de)調研(yan)，吸(xi)引產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)部門共同研(yan)究教學(xue)內容，制(zhi)訂與企業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)、區域產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)需要相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)的(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養方(fang)(fang)案(an)和(he)課(ke)程(cheng)體系。人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養模式(shi)將學(xue)習美(mei)國(guo)麻(ma)省理工學(xue)院CDIO培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養模式(shi)，強(qiang)(qiang)調人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養的(de)社會(hui)和(he)工程(cheng)環境，結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)背(bei)景(jing)和(he)社會(hui)人(ren)(ren)才需求情況(kuang)，制(zhi)訂培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養方(fang)(fang)案(an)、課(ke)程(cheng)體系和(he)教學(xue)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，適應職場(chang)目(mu)標和(he)社會(hui)工作崗(gang)位的(de)需求，通過(guo)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)評(ping)(ping)估、社會(hui)評(ping)(ping)價和(he)學(xue)生評(ping)(ping)價去(qu)修(xiu)正培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養方(fang)(fang)案(an)、課(ke)程(cheng)體系和(he)教學(xue)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，旨在(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養科(ke)學(xue)基礎(chu)扎實、個人(ren)(ren)工程(cheng)實踐能力強(qiang)(qiang)、具備(bei)團隊合(he)(he)作精神的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)師，以達(da)到質量工程(cheng)教育的(de)目(mu)的(de)。圖1為電(dian)氣(qi)工程(cheng)及(ji)其(qi)自動化專業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養框(kuang)架(jia)。

3.以學生(sheng)能力培養為目標，注重(zhong)工程素(su)質訓練

本專(zhuan)業緊緊圍繞溫州市(shi)智能電子電器行(xing)業技術(shu)研究中心、浙江省低壓電器技術(shu)創新服務平臺，以電氣(qi)工(gong)程師為培養目標，要求學(xue)生具備以下幾方面(mian)的知識(shi)和能力：

（1）電(dian)子(zi)設計能(neng)力(li)。要求學(xue)生掌(zhang)握電(dian)路原理、模擬和(he)數字電(dian)子(zi)技術、單片(pian)(pian)機原理與應(ying)用、自(zi)動(dong)控制原理等(deng)主要基(ji)礎知識(shi)，熟練掌(zhang)握PROTEL等(deng)電(dian)子(zi)設計自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)工(gong)具，具備電(dian)子(zi)設計基(ji)本能(neng)力(li)，包括電(dian)子(zi)硬件設計和(he)軟件開(kai)發，能(neng)夠綜合運用所學(xue)專(zhuan)業知識(shi)進行電(dian)子(zi)系統設計、分析(xi)和(he)調試，具有(you)一定的(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力(li)和(he)解決(jue)實際(ji)工(gong)程問題(ti)的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)。爭取讓(rang)學(xue)生在大二階段就能(neng)完成電(dian)路、模電(dian)、數電(dian)和(he)單片(pian)(pian)機課(ke)程的(de)(de)學(xue)習，利(li)用暑假參加電(dian)子(zi)競賽(sai)的(de)(de)培訓，通過(guo)參賽(sai)以提高(gao)學(xue)生的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業意識(shi)和(he)學(xue)習興趣。

（2）電(dian)氣(qi)產品(pin)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)能(neng)力。要求學生具(ju)有工(gong)程制圖(tu)的(de)(de)基本(ben)能(neng)力，能(neng)看懂一般的(de)(de)機械工(gong)程圖(tu)紙，掌握(wo)(wo)電(dian)器學的(de)(de)基本(ben)知(zhi)識，掌握(wo)(wo)電(dian)氣(qi)產品(pin)的(de)(de)工(gong)作原理和設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)法，特別是電(dian)器智能(neng)化(hua)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)知(zhi)識，掌握(wo)(wo)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)程師必(bi)須具(ju)備的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算、實驗(yan)、測試、仿(fang)真(zhen)等基本(ben)技能(neng)，特別是電(dian)器智能(neng)化(hua)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)能(neng)力，能(neng)熟(shu)練(lian)運用常用的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)軟件（如(ru)AUTOCAD等）進(jin)行輔(fu)助設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)與分析。

（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)計能(neng)力(li)(li)。掌(zhang)握(wo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)領(ling)域(yu)供(gong)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)知識，如供(gong)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)及其(qi)控制技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)檢測技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和(he)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一體化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，具備(bei)自動控制系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)基礎知識，熟悉國家(jia)及行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)標準，了解機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)裝與(yu)項目(mu)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)知識；掌(zhang)握(wo)注冊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師（供(gong)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向）必須具備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)設(she)計能(neng)力(li)(li)，初步具備(bei)項目(mu)從立項、招投標、安(an)裝施工(gong)(gong)、監(jian)理(li)與(yu)驗(yan)收(shou)等一系(xi)列的(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)組(zu)織管理(li)和(he)協調能(neng)力(li)(li)。

（4）以(yi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)能力(li)與工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)意(yi)識培養(yang)(yang)為核心建(jian)立實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)體系。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)能力(li)培養(yang)(yang)是電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)及其自(zi)動化專業工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)型應用人(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)(yang)模式(shi)的(de)重要組成部分。在制(zhi)訂人(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)(yang)方案時應注重實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)，把實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)貫穿在整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)教(jiao)學(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，以(yi)電(dian)子電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗實(shi)(shi)(shi)訓中心、校(xiao)內(nei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)與實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)基地、校(xiao)外(wai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)基地為依托，采用課(ke)內(nei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗和課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)設計等實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)環(huan)節、專業見(jian)習(xi)、專業實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)、畢(bi)業設計等多種形(xing)式(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)學(xue)生、學(xue)校(xiao)、企業之間的(de)有機(ji)結合構建(jian)一個(ge)(ge)與理論(lun)教(jiao)學(xue)體系相對(dui)應的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)體系，如(ru)圖2所示。主要開展以(yi)下幾個(ge)(ge)方面的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)環(huan)節：

1）以問(wen)題(ti)為先(xian)導——工(gong)程認知環節。[3]通過基(ji)本技能訓練、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎課程實(shi)驗、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)見(jian)習等(deng)實(shi)踐環節，讓學生能夠認識基(ji)本電(dian)子、電(dian)氣(qi)類元件(jian)和產品、機電(dian)或機械零件(jian)，如電(dian)阻、電(dian)感、電(dian)容(rong)、晶(jing)閘管、繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)、斷路(lu)器(qi)、隔離(li)開(kai)關、電(dian)動(dong)機、凸輪、曲軸以及簡單(dan)的(de)(de)控制電(dian)路(lu)等(deng)，初步了解課堂上(shang)講解的(de)(de)理論知識在實(shi)際產品設計和制造中的(de)(de)應用(yong)，增加其感性認識，激發他(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)學習興趣。

2）以(yi)任務為驅動——面(mian)(mian)向行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)和(he)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新環(huan)節。[3]該環(huan)節結(jie)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)特點(dian)，將(jiang)實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)容與實(shi)際項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目相關聯，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)拖動等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)引領學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)進(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新。教(jiao)師(shi)以(yi)案例的(de)(de)方(fang)式給學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)布置題(ti)目，學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)則以(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目組(zu)的(de)(de)形式進(jin)行(xing)組(zu)織(zhi)討論、設(she)計和(he)分析(xi)，提高(gao)(gao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)意識和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)能(neng)力(li)，同(tong)時(shi)加(jia)強學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)團隊合作精神和(he)相互溝通的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)。另(ling)外，通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)產品創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新、挑戰杯創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大賽、科(ke)研項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目和(he)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)計等(deng)多個環(huan)節對學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)進(jin)行(xing)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)培養(yang)，提高(gao)(gao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)分析(xi)和(he)解(jie)決(jue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際問題(ti)的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)，努(nu)力(li)將(jiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)培養(yang)成為工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)應用型技術人才(cai)。

4.加強師資隊伍(wu)建(jian)設(she)，提(ti)高教學(xue)質量

加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)教師隊伍(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)一(yi)支適應高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)教學(xue)(xue)要(yao)求(qiu)的師資隊伍(wu)是提高(gao)教學(xue)(xue)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)培養(yang)高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)應用型人(ren)才的關(guan)鍵。引進和(he)培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)歷(li)職稱層次高(gao)、學(xue)(xue)術(shu)研(yan)究水(shui)平(ping)(ping)高(gao)、社(she)會行業知(zhi)名度高(gao)的高(gao)級人(ren)才，以(yi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)梯(ti)隊建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)校(xiao)內專任(ren)教師到相關(guan)產業和(he)領域一(yi)線學(xue)(xue)習交(jiao)流(liu)；建(jian)(jian)(jian)立相關(guan)產業和(he)領域的人(ren)員到學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)兼(jian)職授課的制度，進一(yi)步(bu)促進產學(xue)(xue)研(yan)緊密結合(he)，提升本專業建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的整體(ti)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)和(he)人(ren)才培養(yang)質(zhi)量(liang)。

5.建立考(kao)核評估機制，完善(shan)培養(yang)方案和課程體系

構(gou)建學(xue)生、教師(shi)雙(shuang)向(xiang)信息(xi)反饋與(yu)評估(gu)機(ji)制；加強與(yu)企業的(de)(de)聯(lian)系，及時反饋人才(cai)需求和學(xue)生培(pei)養質(zhi)量，提升本專業建設的(de)(de)整體水平和人才(cai)培(pei)養的(de)(de)質(zhi)量。

四、特色

1.專業(ye)定(ding)位體現地方(fang)性

針(zhen)對浙江省及溫州樂(le)清區(qu)域經(jing)濟(ji)發展、企業人(ren)才需求，就溫州大學電(dian)氣工程及其(qi)自(zi)動化(hua)專業形成鮮明的(de)(de)服務于地(di)方電(dian)器行業的(de)(de)專業定位；努力為地(di)方培養(yang)、輸送高質(zhi)量的(de)(de)專業人(ren)才，實(shi)現人(ren)才的(de)(de)就地(di)培養(yang)。

2.產學研合作

以(yi)專業(ye)建設為(wei)基礎，充分利用(yong)溫(wen)州市智能(neng)電器(qi)重(zhong)點實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)、省(sheng)級低壓電器(qi)技術創(chuang)新服務(wu)平臺(tai)，整合利用(yong)浙江省(sheng)低壓電器(qi)產(chan)業(ye)技術創(chuang)新戰略聯盟的優勢(shi)資源，以(yi)重(zhong)點發展學科(ke)、重(zhong)點實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)、技術開(kai)發中心等(deng)為(wei)依托(tuo)，加(jia)快建設工(gong)程應用(yong)型(xing)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)養基地，促進學科(ke)鏈(lian)(lian)、產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)和(he)人(ren)(ren)才鏈(lian)(lian)的有機結合；突出產(chan)學研一體化(hua)的辦學優勢(shi)，爭取(qu)在電氣工(gong)程領域，特別(bie)是電器(qi)行(xing)業(ye)中，不管是人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)養還是科(ke)研項目(mu)的開(kai)發和(he)創(chuang)新方面均起到示范和(he)帶頭(tou)作用(yong)。

參考文獻：

[1]王立欣，等.電氣工程及其自動化專業建(jian)設與創新人才培養[J].電氣電子教學學報，2008，（8）：65-69，33.

篇10

始終處在(zai)(zai)受控的狀態。本文筆者(zhe)主(zhu)要對建筑電氣工程施工中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)的問(wen)題進行(xing)分析, 對各個施工階段中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)的問(wen)題提出意見(jian), 并提出預(yu)防(fang)措施。

關(guan)鍵詞：建筑電氣施工(gong)階段問題預防措施

中圖分(fen)類號：C35文獻標識碼： A

建(jian)(jian)筑電(dian)氣工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)重要組成部(bu)分。隨著國民(min)經濟(ji)的(de)迅猛發(fa)展和(he)人民(min)生活水平的(de)提高及當代智能建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)出現，建(jian)(jian)筑電(dian)氣所包(bao)含的(de)內(nei)容(rong)越(yue)來越(yue)多，涉及面越(yue)來越(yue)廣。一個工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)無論其給排水、暖通、消防等系統如何先進(jin)，均(jun)離不(bu)開電(dian)氣的(de)密切配合。因而，一項工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中電(dian)氣施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量的(de)好壞直(zhi)接影響到整個項目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)水平的(de)高低和(he)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)正常使用。

一、關于建(jian)筑電(dian)氣施工階段存在的問題(ti)分(fen)析

1.室(shi)內布線(xian)。首先,在管(guan)路敷設(she)中,對(dui)(dui)于(yu)預埋的(de)配管(guan)未(wei)做(zuo)詳細(xi)檢查,對(dui)(dui)于(yu)管(guan)道中落入的(de)雜物未(wei)做(zuo)清理,而(er)一些破裂或遭受損害的(de)管(guan)道也未(wei)及時處理或更換(huan),影響到線(xian)路的(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)金(jin)(jin)屬材質(zhi)的(de)管(guan)道未(wei)進(jin)行跨接接地(di)線(xian)處理,留下安(an)(an)全隱患(huan)；套(tao)管(guan)之間的(de)連接不符(fu)合規定(ding)。其次,電纜(lan)線(xian)路的(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)中,對(dui)(dui)支架等金(jin)(jin)屬支撐體(ti)系未(wei)進(jin)行接地(di)處理,線(xian)路終端頭(tou)未(wei)做(zuo)處理；金(jin)(jin)屬線(xian)槽填充(chong)率(lv)過大,豎向敷設(she)時未(wei)采用固(gu)定(ding)及保護(hu)措施；防火墻(qiang)及電氣豎井(jing)沒有放火隔離;插座接線(xian)混亂(luan)使(shi)用類型不合適；開關切斷零(ling)線(xian),開啟方向不一。

2.防雷接(jie)地。在(zai)接(jie)地系(xi)統中以金(jin)(jin)屬管代替PE線(xian)(xian),等(deng)(deng)電(dian)位(wei)連(lian)接(jie)支(zhi)線(xian)(xian)、橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)跨接(jie)地線(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)徑小；設備(bei)的(de)(de)地排沒與接(jie)地干(gan)線(xian)(xian)直接(jie)連(lian)接(jie),而是經過(guo)支(zhi)架(jia)(jia)、基(ji)礎槽鋼等(deng)(deng)過(guo)渡,接(jie)地線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)位(wei)置、截面都不清楚;接(jie)地線(xian)(xian)在(zai)不同(tong)金(jin)(jin)屬物間(幕(mu)墻(qiang)金(jin)(jin)屬框(kuang)架(jia)(jia)和金(jin)(jin)屬門、窗等(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)未(wei)考慮電(dian)化腐蝕的(de)(de)影(ying)響;屋面金(jin)(jin)屬物(管道(dao)、梯子、旗(qi)桿(gan)、設備(bei)金(jin)(jin)屬外(wai)殼等(deng)(deng))未(wei)與防雷系(xi)統相連(lian)。

3.照明器具及(ji)配電(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)。配電(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)箱(xiang)體電(dian)(dian)焊開(kai)(kai)孔(kong)、開(kai)(kai)長孔(kong),管(guan)直入箱(xiang)體,箱(xiang)體銹蝕、變形、垃圾多；箱(xiang)內(nei)PE(PEN)線(xian)(xian)、零(ling)線(xian)(xian)采用鉸(jiao)接(jie)連接(jie),同一端(duan)子導線(xian)(xian)壓多根導線(xian)(xian);暗配電(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)外(wai)殼破損,回路不清,箱(xiang)內(nei)布線(xian)(xian)凌亂,導線(xian)(xian)沒(mei)有余(yu)量。

二、關于建(jian)筑電氣施工(gong)階段(duan)問題的預(yu)防措施

1.電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)、材料規(gui)(gui)范化。在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)中對(dui)(dui)主(zhu)要材料選購，應有(you)出廠合(he)格(ge)證或(huo)質(zhi)量證明書等，對(dui)(dui)材料質(zhi)量發生懷疑時，應現場封樣，及(ji)時到當(dang)地有(you)資質(zhi)的檢(jian)測部門去檢(jian)驗(yan)，合(he)格(ge)后(hou)方能進入現場投入使用，對(dui)(dui)于電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)、材料進入施工(gong)現場后(hou)，保管員協同監理工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)，首先檢(jian)查貨場是否(fou)符合(he)規(gui)(gui)范要求(qiu)，核對(dui)(dui)設(she)備(bei)、材料的型號、規(gui)(gui)格(ge)、性能參數是否(fou)與(yu)設(she)計(ji)一致，認(ren)真檢(jian)查，精心選材，以保證工(gong)程(cheng)的質(zhi)量。

2.電氣與(yu)各專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可能(neng)出現的(de)(de)交(jiao)叉、錯位、碰(peng)撞的(de)(de)預控。近幾年的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)項目，專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)分工(gong)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)，施工(gong)中電氣管(guan)路(lu)、設(she)備(bei)經常與(yu)土建、給(gei)(gei)排水、消防(fang)、暖通、物流、氣體(ti)等專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)生交(jiao)叉、錯位、碰(peng)撞。電氣監理工(gong)程(cheng)師不但(dan)要(yao)審看電氣施工(gong)圖(tu)(tu)，還要(yao)在(zai)施工(gong)前(qian)查看與(yu)電氣管(guan)道(dao)、設(she)備(bei)位置(zhi)有關(guan)的(de)(de)結構圖(tu)(tu)、建筑圖(tu)(tu)及其它安裝專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)圖(tu)(tu)紙，查找交(jiao)叉點(dian)、遺(yi)漏點(dian)，通過圖(tu)(tu)紙會審反饋給(gei)(gei)設(she)計(ji)單位，以(yi)便及時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行修改(gai)完善。同時(shi)對(dui)于某(mou)些特殊專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)如物流系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統、氣體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統及部分弱(ruo)電系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統，業(ye)(ye)(ye)主往往要(yao)求專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)施工(gong)單位進(jin)(jin)行具體(ti)的(de)(de)深化設(she)計(ji)。電氣監理工(gong)程(cheng)師應(ying)經常與(yu)設(she)計(ji)人員保(bao)持聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，對(dui)強弱(ruo)點(dian)電的(de)(de)分布，以(yi)及它們可能(neng)對(dui)已有電氣管(guan)路(lu)、設(she)備(bei)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)等進(jin)(jin)行研究，確保(bao)各系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統可靠運行。預控的(de)(de)原則應(ying)是對(dui)所存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)問題在(zai)施工(gong)前(qian)盡量(liang)予以(yi)解決，不留(liu)待施工(gong)中扯皮。

3.施工現(xian)場過程質量控(kong)制

（1）電(dian)線管(guan)(guan)敷設(she)精心(xin)設(she)計、嚴(yan)(yan)格操(cao)作。電(dian)線管(guan)(guan)敷設(she)質量在施(shi)工過(guo)程中，要(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)格按設(she)計和規(gui)范下料配管(guan)(guan)，工程工作人員嚴(yan)(yan)格操(cao)作流程，不(bu)符(fu)合(he)要(yao)求的一律不(bu)準(zhun)施(shi)工。應該注意(yi)當鍍鋅(xin)管(guan)(guan)和薄壁鋼管(guan)(guan)內徑≤25mm 時(shi)可(ke)選(xuan)用(yong)不(bu)同規(gui)格的手動彎管(guan)(guan)器；當內徑≥32mm 時(shi)，可(ke)選(xuan)用(yong)液壓彎管(guan)(guan)器；PVC管(guan)(guan)子根據實際情況合(he)理(li)選(xuan)用(yong)彈簧彎管(guan)(guan)，在進行對(dui)(dui)接時(shi)，盡量采用(yong)整料套管(guan)(guan)對(dui)(dui)接法。

（2）配(pei)管預埋。配(pei)管工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是電氣工(gong)(gong)程中最普遍、最基礎性的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，其安裝質量的好壞直接影響到創優工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的成敗。配(pei)管的目的是保護導線(xian)管路必須(xu)暢通到位(wei)，以便穿(chuan)線(xian)及用戶以后更換(huan)導線(xian)做好接地。

（3）配(pei)電(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)安(an)裝處理。配(pei)電(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)安(an)裝施工前，技術管(guan)理人(ren)員應做(zuo)足準備工作，詳細(xi)了解箱(xiang)盒的(de)(de)坐標、標高，用鋼筋套(tao)圈焊接固定(ding)定(ding)位好的(de)(de)箱(xiang)盒，并在箱(xiang)盒內做(zuo)一(yi)支撐，以防移位和(he)(he)變形。配(pei)管(guan)與箱(xiang)盒的(de)(de)預(yu)埋、預(yu)留(liu)、位置(zhi)、標高須符合設計和(he)(he)規(gui)范(fan)要(yao)求。

（4）照(zhao)明燈(deng)安(an)(an)裝處理。無論是(shi)(shi)開關、插座、燈(deng)具安(an)(an)裝。還(huan)是(shi)(shi)吊(diao)扇安(an)(an)裝，準確定位至關重(zhong)要，特別是(shi)(shi)成(cheng)排的(de)燈(deng)具與吊(diao)扇接(jie)線(xian)盒的(de)安(an)(an)裝，預埋定位一定要精確，安(an)(an)裝誤(wu)差要在(zai)允許的(de)范圍之內。日光(guang)燈(deng)的(de)安(an)(an)裝應根據圖紙的(de)要求嚴格(ge)選用規格(ge)型號。合理定置預埋接(jie)線(xian)盒的(de)位置，盡量偏在(zai)一側，不要放在(zai)燈(deng)的(de)中心。

（5）科學、規范安裝避(bi)雷(lei)材料。避(bi)雷(lei)帶(dai)跨越建筑物(wu)(wu)伸縮縫(feng)(feng)、沉降縫(feng)(feng)處應設置補償器(qi)，補償器(qi)可用接地線本(ben)身彎成(cheng)弧狀代替；根據GB50057-1994(2000)《建筑物(wu)(wu)防雷(lei)設計規范》規定，建筑物(wu)(wu)頂部的避(bi)雷(lei)針、避(bi)雷(lei)帶(dai)等必(bi)須與(yu)頂部外露的其(qi)他金屬物(wu)(wu)連成(cheng)一個整體的電(dian)(dian)氣通路，且與(yu)避(bi)雷(lei)引下線連接可靠，以防止靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)危害。

4.火(huo)災(zai)探測器(qi)的(de)安(an)裝 建筑工程(cheng)進行二次裝修時(shi)，吊頂上裝有燈具、風口、噴淋(lin)頭、廣(guang)播(bo)揚(yang)聲器(qi)、火(huo)災(zai)探測器(qi)等許多設施，有時(shi)為了(le)吊頂的(de)布局美(mei)觀(guan)，對

吊頂(ding)上的(de)設施(shi)位置與墻壁的(de)距離(li)不(bu)應(ying)小于(yu)0.5m，與送風口(kou)的(de)距離(li)不(bu)應(ying)小于(yu)1.5m。這(zhe)點在吊頂(ding)設施(shi)較(jiao)少時較(jiao)易實現，但在吊頂(ding)設施(shi)較(jiao)多時應(ying)細致(zhi)考慮，使火(huo)災探測器的(de)安裝符合規范(fan)要求。

5.施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍培(pei)訓(xun)管(guan)理(li)(li)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)及管(guan)理(li)(li)隊伍人員培(pei)訓(xun)是保(bao)(bao)證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)必要(yao)保(bao)(bao)障。人員責(ze)任心培(pei)訓(xun)、工(gong)(gong)程安全教育(yu)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)培(pei)訓(xun)都是必不(bu)可少的(de)。要(yao)將“質(zhi)量(liang)第一、安全第一”做為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)核(he)心培(pei)訓(xun)內容(rong)。崗位工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)要(yao)與其(qi)級別相結合(he)形一種激進機制(zhi)。這樣會(hui)促(cu)進質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)、檢測人員繼續學習(xi)深造(zao)，以(yi)提高管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)。

因此, 電氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)師要(yao)做好建筑電氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量控(kong)制, 對(dui)電氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、施工(gong)和運(yun)行管理(li)(li)要(yao)嚴格要(yao)求, 要(yao)想(xiang)電氣(qi)系統達到優質、高效、低能耗(hao)運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de), 除要(yao)有(you)合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計方案外(wai), 電氣(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)配電線路、低壓開(kai)關電器的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及其質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣將(jiang)會對(dui)日后的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入使用產生極(ji)(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響, 為了確保電氣(qi)在使用過程(cheng)中充分發揮其安全、穩定、高效作用。故建筑電氣(qi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)及質量控(kong)制極(ji)(ji)其重要(yao)。

參考文獻：

[1]高笑，張鵬.建(jian)筑電氣施工(gong)中(zhong)容易出現的(de)問題(ti)及防(fang)治措施[J].安裝，2008（07）.

[2]鄒燾(dao).論建筑電(dian)氣施工階段(duan)應注意的(de)問題(ti)及(ji)預(yu)防措(cuo)施[J]. 廣(guang)東科技，2008（12）.