摘要：企(qi)業(ye)競爭(zheng)的(de)本質是高(gao)素質人(ren)(ren)才的(de)競爭(zheng)，而且(qie)以(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)本的(de)理(li)念越(yue)來越(yue)深入人(ren)(ren)心(xin)，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)在企(qi)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)進程中的(de)價值體現(xian)越(yue)加顯著。企(qi)業(ye)面對數字經(jing)濟時代，為(wei)實現(xian)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)可持(chi)續，必須將員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關系管(guan)(guan)理(li)放在首位。本文首先分析(xi)數字經(jing)濟背景下推(tui)動(dong)企(qi)業(ye)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關系管(guan)(guan)理(li)改革的(de)必要性以(yi)(yi)及(ji)企(qi)業(ye)與員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關系的(de)特點，其(qi)次(ci)基于員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關系管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)實踐思路(lu)，從幾個(ge)方面深入說明實施管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)具(ju)體措施，以(yi)(yi)供參考。

關鍵(jian)詞：數(shu)字經濟；企業員工；員工關系管理

數字經濟(ji)是以大數據為(wei)基礎的(de)經濟(ji)學概念(nian)，在多(duo)種新型技術的(de)支持下實行生(sheng)(sheng)產資料的(de)再分配(pei)，以達到(dao)推動(dong)社(she)會生(sheng)(sheng)產力發展的(de)目的(de)。數字經濟(ji)時代的(de)到(dao)來(lai)(lai)，讓企業(ye)組織形(xing)態也隨之轉變為(wei)平臺型、網絡型，而員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)行為(wei)方式(shi)、工(gong)作方式(shi)也與(yu)從前截(jie)然不同，自(zi)主性更強，對(dui)(dui)于未來(lai)(lai)發展愿景預期更加強烈(lie)。這(zhe)也導致傳統員(yuan)工(gong)關(guan)系管理(li)(li)與(yu)這(zhe)些變化產生(sheng)(sheng)諸多(duo)不適應，因此面對(dui)(dui)數字經濟(ji)，企業(ye)如何提高人力資源管理(li)(li)效能(neng)、穩定(ding)內部勞動(dong)關(guan)系，成(cheng)為(wei)其現階段重要的(de)思考課題。

一、數字(zi)經濟背景下推動(dong)企(qi)業員工關系管理(li)改(gai)革的必要(yao)性(xing)

1.員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)層面目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)已(yi)經(jing)滲透到(dao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)諸多(duo)方面，這(zhe)也就(jiu)直接(jie)導致員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)思想、行(xing)為、組(zu)織形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、主(zhu)體(ti)角色等均發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)不同程度的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。第(di)一，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)思想行(xing)為變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。在(zai)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)加持(chi)下，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)獲取(qu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)渠道(dao)更加多(duo)樣，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)也使(shi)得其思想容易受到(dao)沖擊，主(zhu)觀偏重(zhong)于選擇與(yu)自身價值、思維模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相適(shi)(shi)應的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，對(dui)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)卻并(bing)不過多(duo)關(guan)(guan)注。第(di)二，組(zu)織聯(lian)(lian)結(jie)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)利用(yong)互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)平臺、社交(jiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)，在(zai)內部構(gou)建(jian)起虛擬交(jiao)流空間，這(zhe)一空間的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質屬(shu)于非正式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、新(xin)(xin)型(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織，讓員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之間的(de)(de)(de)有(you)了更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)(lian)結(jie)途徑(jing)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)很多(duo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)并(bing)沒有(you)將員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)滲透到(dao)聯(lian)(lian)結(jie)途徑(jing)中(zhong)。第(di)三，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。近(jin)年來，諸多(duo)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)呈現出去(qu)雇(gu)主(zhu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨勢(shi)，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)借由(you)網(wang)絡進行(xing)異地辦公、居家辦公，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)更加靈(ling)活(huo)(huo)。而以(yi)(yi)往情況下的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，基本(ben)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)線(xian)下拓展(zhan)開(kai)來，在(zai)適(shi)(shi)應性(xing)(xing)方面表現出些許(xu)不足(zu)。第(di)四，主(zhu)體(ti)角色變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。多(duo)元的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)來源渠道(dao)以(yi)(yi)及自由(you)的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡空間，讓每一位(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都有(you)機會成為信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)造(zao)者與(yu)傳播(bo)者，而關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)占絕主(zhu)導地位(wei)之后，讓企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)為雙向對(dui)稱主(zhu)體(ti)。對(dui)此(ci)，通(tong)過調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)變(bian)革(ge)，對(dui)當前(qian)(qian)(qian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念做出調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)，適(shi)(shi)當加大(da)現場管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)力度，積極(ji)引入多(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)手段，通(tong)過一系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)舉(ju)措穩定(ding)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之間的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。2.企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)層面數字經(jing)濟下，互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)與(yu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技術成為助(zhu)推企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)構(gou)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要支(zhi)撐。該創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)能(neng)夠幫助(zhu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實時掌握員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態(tai)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)，便于針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)采取(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)措施，以(yi)(yi)此(ci)達到(dao)穩定(ding)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。使(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不再局限(xian)于傳統的(de)(de)(de)垂直管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，既能(neng)最大(da)限(xian)度滿足(zu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)需(xu)求、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)果，同時也可(ke)防止對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)造(zao)成束縛。簡而言之，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)利用(yong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)手段，打造(zao)結(jie)構(gou)寬(kuan)松、個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)態(tai)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，這(zhe)與(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)經(jing)濟學理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念高度契合(he)，而且企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)不需(xu)要過多(duo)投入成本(ben)于員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)，僅通(tong)過轉(zhuan)變(bian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)思路、體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，便可(ke)取(qu)得理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)想化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)益，進一步增強員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)歸(gui)屬(shu)感，調(diao)(diao)動(dong)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)積極(ji)性(xing)(xing)，讓員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)快樂工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)創(chuang)造(zao)價值。

二、數字經濟背景下企(qi)業與(yu)員工(gong)關系的特點

摘要：員工(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系是企業(ye)人(ren)(ren)力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理中的(de)重點(dian)，處(chu)理員工(gong)(gong)(gong)之間關(guan)(guan)系是企業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵，現階段部(bu)分中小企業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系緊(jin)張隔閡較深，在(zai)日常工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時很(hen)難發(fa)揮團隊協作(zuo)性，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率被局限在(zai)一(yi)定范圍內(nei)。針(zhen)對(dui)這種(zhong)問(wen)題，公(gong)司管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)應對(dui)人(ren)(ren)力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理改革加(jia)以重視，從多層(ceng)次、多角度入手逐(zhu)漸(jian)緩和員工(gong)(gong)(gong)之間的(de)沖突問(wen)題，發(fa)揮人(ren)(ren)力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)價值。本文結(jie)合筆(bi)者(zhe)數年人(ren)(ren)力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理經驗，淺談人(ren)(ren)力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理對(dui)于員工(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)系的(de)促進作(zuo)用，提升企業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率。

關鍵(jian)詞：人力(li)資源管理；員工關系；企業發展；方法分析

一、引言

人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)作為(wei)調節員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工關(guan)系的關(guan)鍵，一(yi)直以來(lai)都受到(dao)(dao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層高度重視，很多企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已經將員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工關(guan)系狀態納入(ru)人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)部門績效考(kao)核選項(xiang)，可見(jian)人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)對員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工關(guan)系提(ti)升有著(zhu)極為(wei)重要的幫助(zhu)。員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工作為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的基石，其價值理(li)(li)念(nian)與心理(li)(li)狀態會(hui)影響(xiang)到(dao)(dao)身邊其他人(ren)(ren)，若出(chu)現不匹配員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工很可能影響(xiang)到(dao)(dao)團(tuan)隊(dui)里的其他人(ren)(ren)，對于該類人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)很多企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)沒有有效處理(li)(li)辦法。而隨著(zhu)人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念(nian)興(xing)起(qi)，在員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工關(guan)系處理(li)(li)方(fang)面有著(zhu)很多獨特成效，不僅提(ti)升了團(tuan)隊(dui)協作性(xing)，還顯著(zhu)提(ti)升了企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)效益，促進了企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。

二、員工(gong)關系管理的相關概(gai)述

員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)管理是一(yi)種復雜的(de)社(she)會(hui)經濟管理技術(shu)，它不(bu)僅涵(han)蓋了員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)處理辦法，還通過基層員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)促進(jin)(jin)勞(lao)資(zi)雙方(fang)共同(tong)利益。對于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)來說(shuo)，“員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)”是員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)入企(qi)業(ye)(ye)后付(fu)出(chu)勞(lao)動的(de)整體過程(cheng)，隨著勞(lao)動契約的(de)簽署逐漸發生根本(ben)性變化；對于員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)來說(shuo)，“員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)”是其在(zai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發展的(de)重要(yao)因(yin)素，若長時(shi)間處理不(bu)好(hao)與其他員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系(xi)，員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)本(ben)人(ren)有很大可能(neng)會(hui)選擇離職。因(yin)此，加強員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)之間的(de)關(guan)系(xi)逐漸成為人(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)管理部門(men)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中最重要(yao)的(de)問題。

摘要：從(cong)業(ye)者(zhe)人格特質無(wu)疑會對其工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)產生(sheng)一定(ding)的(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。通過對酒(jiu)店從(cong)業(ye)人員的(de)問卷獲悉(xi)數據，文章(zhang)從(cong)神(shen)經質、外(wai)向(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、開(kai)(kai)放性(xing)(xing)(xing)、宜人性(xing)(xing)(xing)和盡(jin)責性(xing)(xing)(xing)構建(jian)大(da)五人格特質與工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)的(de)分析模型，以研(yan)究酒(jiu)店員工(gong)(gong)(gong)人格特質與任(ren)務(wu)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)和關(guan)(guan)系績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)的(de)相關(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。基于(yu)SPSS軟件進行統計分析，結果顯(xian)(xian)示神(shen)經質對任(ren)務(wu)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)有顯(xian)(xian)著的(de)負向(xiang)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，對關(guan)(guan)系績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)沒有明顯(xian)(xian)的(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)；外(wai)向(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和宜人性(xing)(xing)(xing)對任(ren)務(wu)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)、關(guan)(guan)系績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)都有顯(xian)(xian)著的(de)正向(xiang)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)；開(kai)(kai)放性(xing)(xing)(xing)和盡(jin)責性(xing)(xing)(xing)對任(ren)務(wu)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)有顯(xian)(xian)著的(de)正向(xiang)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，但對關(guan)(guan)系績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)沒有明顯(xian)(xian)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。文章(zhang)還(huan)根據酒(jiu)店從(cong)業(ye)者(zhe)人格特質與工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)的(de)相關(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)提出酒(jiu)店員工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理的(de)若干建(jian)議。

關(guan)鍵詞：酒(jiu)店(dian)管理；大五人格；任(ren)務(wu)績效；關(guan)系績效

人(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)性(xing)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)備受關(guan)(guan)注。[1,2]近(jin)年來(lai)，經濟學(xue)或心理學(xue)領域的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)許(xu)多(duo)關(guan)(guan)于(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)關(guan)(guan)系的(de)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)統(tong)計(ji)和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。如：劉金(jin)培(pei)等通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)23家高(gao)(gao)新技術(shu)(shu)(shu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)121名技術(shu)(shu)(shu)創新型員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)數據進行(xing)統(tong)計(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)，采(cai)用(yong)大(da)二人(ren)(ren)格特征模(mo)型，探討(tao)創新型員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)格特征對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)機制。[3]黎丹(dan)等通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行(xing)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)，并(bing)采(cai)用(yong)統(tong)計(ji)產品(pin)與(yu)服務(wu)解決方(fang)案(an)(StatisticalProductandServiceSolutions,SPSS)軟件(jian)對(dui)(dui)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)數據進行(xing)處理和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)，得出(chu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)時間人(ren)(ren)格在部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)人(ren)(ren)口統(tong)計(ji)學(xue)變量上存在顯著差異。[4]類似的(de)文獻采(cai)用(yong)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)方(fang)式(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中小學(xue)教師和(he)高(gao)(gao)校教師人(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)性(xing)，并(bing)提(ti)出(chu)新教師招聘及培(pei)養(yang)的(de)若(ruo)(ruo)干建(jian)(jian)議。[5-7]芮(rui)雪琴(qin)等以(yi)大(da)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)格量表、知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)共(gong)享環境量表和(he)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)共(gong)享績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)量表為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具，對(dui)(dui)高(gao)(gao)新技術(shu)(shu)(shu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)訪談和(he)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)調(diao)(diao)研(yan)(yan)，提(ti)出(chu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)科技型人(ren)(ren)才大(da)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)共(gong)享績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)具有(you)(you)預測作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。[8]姚若(ruo)(ruo)松等根(gen)據對(dui)(dui)公交(jiao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)一(yi)線員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)，提(ti)出(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)態度(du)調(diao)(diao)節著人(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。[9]馮(feng)利偉等從情(qing)緒敏感性(xing)、外向性(xing)、經驗開放(fang)性(xing)、親和(he)性(xing)和(he)責任意識(shi)等五(wu)個維(wei)度(du)構建(jian)(jian)大(da)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)型，采(cai)用(yong)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)形式(shi)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)中小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)性(xing)，并(bing)提(ti)出(chu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)選拔和(he)管理員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)若(ruo)(ruo)干建(jian)(jian)議。[10]盡管已有(you)(you)許(xu)多(duo)關(guan)(guan)于(yu)從業(ye)(ye)者人(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)性(xing)的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，但很少有(you)(you)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)酒(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)展開研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)，特別(bie)是在當前以(yi)“90后”作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)主要勞動力的(de)酒(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)餐飲業(ye)(ye)。酒(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)餐飲業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)繁瑣復雜，服務(wu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)招聘和(he)管理一(yi)直是酒(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)面臨的(de)重大(da)問(wen)(wen)題。因此(ci)，本文以(yi)云南蒙自市紅河官房(fang)大(da)酒(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)餐飲部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)對(dui)(dui)象，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)問(wen)(wen)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)獲(huo)悉數據分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)人(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，并(bing)根(gen)據其具體影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)有(you)(you)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)性(xing)地(di)提(ti)出(chu)酒(jiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)如何對(dui)(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行(xing)激勵管理，從而有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)。

一問卷調查設計

大(da)(da)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)格的(de)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是(shi)指神經(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)、外向性(xing)(xing)、開放性(xing)(xing)、宜(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)和盡責性(xing)(xing)。工(gong)作(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)指員(yuan)工(gong)完成組織下達的(de)一(yi)系(xi)列任(ren)務的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)任(ren)務績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)和關(guan)系(xi)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)兩個(ge)(ge)方面。本(ben)文采用大(da)(da)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)格模型對酒店餐飲服(fu)務部(bu)門從(cong)業人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行調研，以人(ren)(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)作(zuo)為(wei)自變量，工(gong)作(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)兩個(ge)(ge)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)作(zuo)為(wei)因(yin)變量，探討酒店餐飲部(bu)員(yuan)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)與工(gong)作(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)兩個(ge)(ge)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)的(de)相關(guan)程度(du)，其(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析模型如(ru)圖1所示(shi)：問(wen)卷調查(cha)表(biao)設(she)計(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)三部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)內容。第(di)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)：個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)基本(ben)信息，包括性(xing)(xing)別、年齡、學歷、入職年限等。第(di)二部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)：人(ren)(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)調查(cha)，包括神經(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)、外向性(xing)(xing)、開放性(xing)(xing)、宜(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)、盡責性(xing)(xing)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)，每個(ge)(ge)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)3題，共15題，其(qi)中1-3題為(wei)反向題，4-15題為(wei)正向題。具體說，人(ren)(ren)(ren)格特質(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)與問(wen)題的(de)匹配如(ru)表(biao)1所示(shi)。第(di)三部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)：工(gong)作(zuo)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)問(wen)卷，包括任(ren)務績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)和關(guan)系(xi)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)兩個(ge)(ge)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)。其(qi)中：任(ren)務績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)指工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率和效(xiao)(xiao)果；關(guan)系(xi)績(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)指人(ren)(ren)(ren)際促進(jin)(jin)和工(gong)作(zuo)奉獻。每一(yi)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)設(she)計(ji)6個(ge)(ge)問(wen)題，具體如(ru)表(biao)2所示(shi)。問(wen)卷調查(cha)的(de)對象是(shi)云南(nan)省蒙自市紅河官(guan)房大(da)(da)酒店餐飲部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，共計(ji)80人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)中：72人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)19—29歲之間的(de)“90后”，3人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)“00后”，其(qi)他5位較年長的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是(shi)部(bu)門經(jing)理、副經(jing)理和工(gong)作(zuo)主管(guan)。

二數據統計與分析

摘要(yao):勞(lao)務關(guan)系(xi)指企(qi)(qi)(qi)業和員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業為(wei)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)提供(gong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)崗位，而員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)為(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業提供(gong)勞(lao)動服務，進而形成(cheng)具有一定法(fa)律(lv)效益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)關(guan)系(xi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業在(zai)招聘員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)后往往會簽(qian)訂勞(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)，合(he)(he)同(tong)中包(bao)括工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)與(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)需要(yao)相互履行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任、員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)待遇問(wen)題以及解除合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)條件等相關(guan)內容，在(zai)法(fa)律(lv)上明(ming)確規定出了勞(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)雙方需要(yao)各自(zi)(zi)履行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)職責(ze)，勞(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)訂不(bu)僅可(ke)以保證員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)身效益(yi)，還可(ke)以有效保障企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常運行(xing)(xing)管理(li)。為(wei)此，合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)訂需要(yao)嚴格按照(zhao)相關(guan)法(fa)規執行(xing)(xing)，構(gou)建融洽的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)，推動企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)穩定發展。

關鍵詞:人力資源管理(li);勞動關系;管理(li)辦法(fa)

在人力資源(yuan)管理(li)(li)工(gong)作中，勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)管理(li)(li)是至(zhi)關(guan)重要的(de)(de)一部分，它關(guan)系(xi)(xi)到(dao)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)雙(shuang)方的(de)(de)利益關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，只有做好勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)管理(li)(li)，才能確保員工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)作積極(ji)(ji)性，提(ti)升企(qi)(qi)(qi)業生(sheng)產的(de)(de)工(gong)作效(xiao)率，進而(er)促進企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)經濟發(fa)展。為(wei)了保證企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)穩(wen)定發(fa)展，我(wo)們必須處(chu)理(li)(li)好企(qi)(qi)(qi)業與員工(gong)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)利益問題，采用(yong)以(yi)人為(wei)本的(de)(de)觀念(nian)進行勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)管理(li)(li)。有效(xiao)的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)管理(li)(li)不(bu)僅(jin)可以(yi)激發(fa)員工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)作積極(ji)(ji)性，還可以(yi)使(shi)其(qi)發(fa)揮最大的(de)(de)作用(yong)，為(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業創造更多的(de)(de)價值，對(dui)于(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業發(fa)展而(er)言(yan)具有積極(ji)(ji)影響。

一(yi)、企(qi)業勞動關系管理現狀及(ji)存(cun)在(zai)的問題

(一(yi))勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)確立、變更(geng)、終止(zhi)存(cun)在隨(sui)意(yi)性。就目前勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)市場的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)形式(shi)而(er)言(yan)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)建立還(huan)不(bu)(bu)夠健(jian)全，缺乏相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)監督(du)、制(zhi)約和協調(diao)機(ji)制(zhi)。為(wei)此(ci)(ci)，各(ge)個企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)雖然會(hui)(hui)(hui)與員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，在招(zhao)聘員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)后實行合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)制(zhi)管(guan)理，但是(shi)(shi)在實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中并沒有(you)完全履行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，往(wang)往(wang)根據(ju)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)自身(shen)發展(zhan)(zhan)需要隨(sui)意(yi)解(jie)(jie)除和終止(zhi)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，而(er)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)并沒有(you)得到應(ying)(ying)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)補償(chang)。由于(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)自身(shen)素質參差不(bu)(bu)齊(qi)，大(da)(da)部分(fen)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)具備使(shi)(shi)用(yong)法(fa)律維權的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)來(lai)(lai)獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)(qu)對應(ying)(ying)補償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)能力，致(zhi)使(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在處(chu)理勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)時(shi)過于(yu)隨(sui)意(yi)，助長了勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)良風(feng)氣。除此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，部分(fen)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)了解(jie)(jie)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)簽訂的(de)(de)(de)重要作(zuo)用(yong)，根據(ju)自身(shen)意(yi)愿隨(sui)意(yi)辭職(zhi)來(lai)(lai)終止(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)造成勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)管(guan)理不(bu)(bu)能規范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)主要原因(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。(二)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻率加快，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)短期(qi)化趨勢(shi)明顯。高(gao)素質人(ren)才相對較少，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)了在同(tong)(tong)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)中獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)(qu)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi)，必然會(hui)(hui)(hui)以(yi)優(you)(you)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)薪資(zi)待遇來(lai)(lai)吸納人(ren)才，這種情況(kuang)下就會(hui)(hui)(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)高(gao)素質人(ren)才頻繁更(geng)換單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)現象。高(gao)素質人(ren)才為(wei)了獲(huo)(huo)得更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)待遇在簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)優(you)(you)先選擇簽訂短期(qi)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，形成短時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)導(dao)致(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速度(du)加快的(de)(de)(de)主要原因(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。除此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，低(di)(di)素質和低(di)(di)技(ji)能的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力偏多，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在快速發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)期(qi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)招(zhao)聘大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)保證生(sheng)產效率，而(er)當企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進入(ru)發展(zhan)(zhan)平衡期(qi)或者低(di)(di)谷期(qi)時(shi)，為(wei)了減少企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源投入(ru)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)以(yi)裁員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)來(lai)(lai)降低(di)(di)生(sheng)產成本投入(ru)來(lai)(lai)保證企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)經濟發展(zhan)(zhan)，為(wei)此(ci)(ci)部分(fen)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在招(zhao)聘低(di)(di)素質、低(di)(di)技(ji)能人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)選擇簽訂短期(qi)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)以(yi)避免(mian)造成不(bu)(bu)必要的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。(三)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭議案件(jian)不(bu)(bu)斷增加。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)雙方(fang)存(cun)在一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)利益關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，部分(fen)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)了獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)(qu)更(geng)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益，會(hui)(hui)(hui)侵犯員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)法(fa)權益，致(zhi)使(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭議案件(jian)多發。而(er)我(wo)國針對勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)立法(fa)還(huan)不(bu)(bu)夠完善，沒有(you)形成良好的(de)(de)(de)監督(du)機(ji)制(zhi)和制(zhi)約機(ji)制(zhi)，致(zhi)使(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)管(guan)理過于(yu)隨(sui)意(yi)，對員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)法(fa)權益造成一(yi)定影(ying)響，這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭議案件(jian)頻發的(de)(de)(de)主要原因(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。

二、針對企業的(de)勞動關系管理(li)問(wen)題提出(chu)的(de)改進方案

1確定(ding)以(yi)人為本的發展(zhan)戰略

1.1加強企業戰略管理，穩(wen)定(ding)員工隊伍

確(que)立以人(ren)為(wei)本(ben)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)戰略(lve)，要求我們必須(xu)牢固樹立以人(ren)為(wei)本(ben)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)觀。要求在(zai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)管理發展(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong)，以人(ren)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)為(wei)出發點和(he)歸宿。任何(he)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)都(dou)離(li)不開勞動關(guan)系的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，清(qing)晰明確(que)的(de)(de)勞動關(guan)系是確(que)保企(qi)(qi)業(ye)又(you)好又(you)快發展(zhan)的(de)(de)內(nei)在(zai)要求。在(zai)電力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部，通(tong)過(guo)對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)人(ren)的(de)(de)關(guan)懷(huai)以及對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)與人(ren)的(de)(de)關(guan)系的(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)，可(ke)以有(you)效(xiao)地(di)提(ti)高電力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內(nei)各(ge)部門(men)的(de)(de)協(xie)作與溝通(tong)，調動廣大電力(li)員工的(de)(de)生產積極性，使(shi)組織中(zhong)的(de)(de)每(mei)個人(ren)都(dou)參與到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)決策中(zhong)，共同構筑(zhu)電力(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)和(he)諧發展(zhan)的(de)(de)美好藍圖。

1．2加大員工培訓力度(du)，提供人才保障

教育與(yu)培(pei)訓是(shi)實現企(qi)業與(yu)員工(gong)和(he)諧共進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)途徑。當(dang)今世界的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業之爭就是(shi)學(xue)習速度之爭，企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部變(bian)(bian)更(geng)速度必(bi)須快于外部環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)革速度，只有這(zhe)樣企(qi)業才(cai)能生(sheng)存、發展。因此電力企(qi)業特(te)別注重員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步和(he)成長，在學(xue)習上(shang)永無止步。注重員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力開發，實施全員教育培(pei)訓，全面推(tui)進(jin)各類人才(cai)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)，抓好緊缺人才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養和(he)引進(jin)，不斷(duan)優(you)化隊(dui)伍結(jie)構，增(zeng)強隊(dui)伍素質，激發員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創造活力，為建設(she)國際一流企(qi)業提(ti)供(gong)人才(cai)保障和(he)智力支持。

1．3加深(shen)對員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)關愛，增強員(yuan)(yuan)工歸屬(shu)感

摘要：隨著教育體制的(de)(de)(de)不斷改(gai)革，我國(guo)很(hen)多(duo)城市就興起了民間資(zi)本(ben)與(yu)社(she)會(hui)力量合作(zuo)辦(ban)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要模式。這種新(xin)(xin)型的(de)(de)(de)民辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校辦(ban)學(xue)模式，將(jiang)社(she)會(hui)資(zi)本(ben)成功引入到了高(gao)(gao)等教育體系之(zhi)中，給(gei)(gei)我國(guo)高(gao)(gao)等教育事業的(de)(de)(de)發展注入了新(xin)(xin)鮮血液和力量，也(ye)給(gei)(gei)教育體制的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革提(ti)供了堅實(shi)基礎。本(ben)文主(zhu)要對民辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校員工(gong)(gong)關系管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)進(jin)行深入研(yan)究，以期能夠讓我國(guo)民辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校員工(gong)(gong)關系管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)發揮應有的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。

關鍵詞(ci)：民辦高校員工關系管(guan)理

在長時間的(de)發展過程中(zhong)(zhong)，我國(guo)民辦高(gao)校(xiao)不(bu)管(guan)(guan)是在數(shu)量還是質量方面(mian)，都取(qu)得非常可觀(guan)的(de)進步和(he)成果。但是，在規模和(he)數(shu)量不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大和(he)增(zeng)加的(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，其管(guan)(guan)理(li)手段與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系(xi)的(de)建立就存在很多問題。而人力資源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)員工(gong)關系(xi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)環節，更是直接影響著整(zheng)個(ge)民辦高(gao)校(xiao)的(de)綜合(he)發展戰略與(yu)方向(xiang)。

一、做好“雙選”工作(zuo)

民(min)(min)辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)內部擁(yong)(yong)有(you)眾(zhong)多高(gao)(gao)素質(zhi)、高(gao)(gao)規格的(de)(de)人(ren)才，而基(ji)于高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)所(suo)(suo)擁(yong)(yong)有(you)的(de)(de)特殊(shu)性，就應該(gai)讓(rang)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)關系管理工(gong)作(zuo)落實到整個民(min)(min)辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)人(ren)力資源(yuan)管理工(gong)作(zuo)內容當(dang)中，盡可能(neng)實現(xian)統籌(chou)兼顧，同時又要(yao)(yao)突(tu)出管理工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)重點。將心理契約當(dang)成重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)指導內容，在(zai)民(min)(min)辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)聘任、選(xuan)調(diao)和(he)崗(gang)位人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)(fen)配上(shang)，做好“雙選(xuan)”工(gong)作(zuo)，高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)應該(gai)與應聘者(zhe)之間都(dou)坦誠(cheng)相待，針對薪酬、科研(yan)經(jing)費(fei)等相關問題要(yao)(yao)及時充分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)交流(liu)或溝通，利(li)用(yong)這(zhe)種方式有(you)效(xiao)降低(di)心理契約和(he)民(min)(min)辦(ban)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)之間所(suo)(suo)出現(xian)的(de)(de)差異。在(zai)應聘人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進入到高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)內部以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，利(li)用(yong)崗(gang)前培訓和(he)校(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)文化(hua)等活(huo)動，讓(rang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)可以(yi)(yi)充分(fen)(fen)了解和(he)掌握高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)自(zi)身的(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)情況，讓(rang)其可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)試(shi)用(yong)期這(zhe)個階段更(geng)好的(de)(de)調(diao)整自(zi)身狀態，做出對雙方都(dou)存在(zai)益處的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)。

二、開展較為(wei)有效的交流(liu)環節

編者(zhe)按：本文主要從離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價值；離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關系(xi)管理；結(jie)語(yu)進(jin)行(xing)論述(shu)。其中(zhong)，主要包括：核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)知(zhi)識，具(ju)備特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)或是(shi)難(nan)以替代的(de)(de)(de)(de)才(cai)能、中(zhong)肯(ken)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見來源(yuan)、高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息來源(yuan)、核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)相當豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識素(su)養(yang)和從業(ye)經驗、可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)來源(yuan)、離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)是(shi)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)儲(chu)備資(zi)源(yuan)、離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價值、知(zhi)名企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關系(xi)管理、麥肯(ken)錫公(gong)司——建(jian)立(li)名錄：一網(wang)打盡、惠普公(gong)司——握手(shou)話別：陪送“嫁妝”、Bain公(gong)司——真心(xin)牽掛：人走心(xin)連、摩托(tuo)羅拉——不記前嫌：好馬回頭(tou)、IBM——熱情(qing)依(yi)舊，歡迎回來、Intel公(gong)司——不拘形(xing)式，鼓(gu)勵回來、離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)關系(xi)管理、尊(zun)重核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)，與其保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)、建(jian)立(li)定期面談制(zhi)度、為員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)做(zuo)好職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)指(zhi)導，幫(bang)助其尋(xun)找安(an)全(quan)感、保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)長期穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi)，進(jin)行(xing)個性化溝通、建(jian)立(li)離(li)職(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)返聘制(zhi)度等，具(ju)體請詳見。

摘要：核心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)具備難以替代的(de)(de)(de)才(cai)能，掌握企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)事務，控制著(zhu)關(guan)鍵資源，在企業(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)地位舉足輕重(zhong)，面(mian)對(dui)去意已決的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)，企業(ye)要在充分了解離職核心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，借鑒知名公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)做法，結合自身情況(kuang)，對(dui)離職核心(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)進(jin)行良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系管理，與之保(bao)持(chi)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系，讓他們人走心(xin)留，繼續發揮(hui)他們的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值。

關鍵詞：離職(zhi);核心員(yuan)工;關系(xi)管理

1離職核(he)心(xin)員工的價(jia)值

核(he)心員工具有完善的(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)知識(shi)，具備特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)或是難以替代的(de)(de)(de)才能(neng)，掌(zhang)握企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心事務，控(kong)制關鍵(jian)資源(yuan)，在(zai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)地位舉足輕重(zhong)，不僅影響著企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)工作進程，還關系到(dao)團隊(dui)的(de)(de)(de)凝聚力。核(he)心員工離職，會給企(qi)業(ye)(ye)帶來(lai)巨大的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本損(sun)失、影響到(dao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體發展規劃、造成(cheng)更多的(de)(de)(de)人事變(bian)動、削弱(ruo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)競爭力。

1．1中肯(ken)的意(yi)見來源

論文關鍵(jian)詞：員(yuan)工工作滿意度(du)管理(li)模式

論文(wen)摘要：本文(wen)在梳理(li)(li)了已有對員(yuan)工(gong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度研究的(de)基礎上，依(yi)據中國(guo)企(qi)業的(de)實際和(he)調(diao)研情(qing)況，從工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度定義、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)績效的(de)關系(xi)、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度測量等方面，探討了員(yuan)工(gong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度的(de)管理(li)(li)，提出了工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)意(yi)度循環(huan)管理(li)(li)的(de)新模(mo)式。

國外對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度的(de)(de)(de)研究始于20世紀30年代，已有70多(duo)年歷(li)史(shi)，取得(de)了(le)一批研究成(cheng)果。我國應依據國情，積極探(tan)(tan)索經濟全球化下，適合中(zhong)國企業的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式(shi)。員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度是(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)非常重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)態度，是(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要內容。對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而言，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)不僅是(shi)謀生(sheng)(sheng)手段，還是(shi)希望通過(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)尋找(zhao)樂趣(qu)，提高自(zi)(zi)身生(sheng)(sheng)活質(zhi)量，完善自(zi)(zi)我，實現自(zi)(zi)我價值。正是(shi)由于管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)對(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)身心(xin)要求的(de)(de)(de)變化與提高，客觀(guan)上要求組(zu)織管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)者重(zhong)新定(ding)位(wei)組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)發展方(fang)向，調整管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi)，提高管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水平，實現“管(guan)(guan)”與“被管(guan)(guan)”的(de)(de)(de)“雙贏”，為員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、社會增加福址。本(ben)文試圖在已有研究的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，立足中(zhong)國企業現狀(zhuang)，重(zhong)新審視員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)績效的(de)(de)(de)關系，探(tan)(tan)析員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度的(de)(de)(de)決定(ding)因素，進而提出對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)意(yi)度管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)側重(zhong)點(dian)。

一(yi)、員工(gong)工(gong)作滿意(yi)度與(yu)管理

員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義(yi)目前(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)整體性定(ding)義(yi)，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)本(ben)身(shen)及(ji)有(you)(you)關環境所(suo)(suo)(suo)持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)態度(du)(du)(du)(du)或看(kan)法，是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)其工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)角色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體情(qing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)反應(ying)。支(zhi)持學者(zhe)Locke認(ren)為(wei)(wei):“對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)愉悅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)狀態，它來(lai)自(zi)于當一(yi)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)了(le)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)價(jia)值時對(dui)(dui)(dui)自(zi)己工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評價(jia)。”二是(shi)(shi)(shi)參考架構性定(ding)義(yi)，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)觀情(qing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)及(ji)知覺(jue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度(du)(du)(du)(du)和行(xing)為(wei)(wei)最重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素，是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知覺(jue)與(yu)(yu)解(jie)釋受(shou)自(zi)我參考架構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)多構面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)同(tong)個(ge)(ge)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和不(bu)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)各不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)效用(yong)定(ding)義(yi)，指(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)給工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)層次上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求得(de)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)扣除工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)負效用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剩余部分，要(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)最大就要(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊際(ji)正效用(yong)等(deng)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊際(ji)負效用(yong)。四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)望型定(ding)義(yi)，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)變(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)而(er)非絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)變(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)體實(shi)(shi)際(ji)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)與(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)期(qi)(qi)望得(de)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之間差距的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)反應(ying)，差距越小(xiao)，滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)越大。支(zhi)持學者(zhe)有(you)(you)美國心(xin)(xin)理(li)學家Vroom，他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)取決(jue)于個(ge)(ge)體期(qi)(qi)望與(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)取得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)望相(xiang)(xiang)吻合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)，期(qi)(qi)望未能實(shi)(shi)現(xian)便產生了(le)不(bu)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，只有(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)期(qi)(qi)望大于他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預期(qi)(qi)期(qi)(qi)望時，才會產生工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。由(you)(you)此(ci)可(ke)見，滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大小(xiao)不(bu)但(dan)(dan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)看(kan)個(ge)(ge)體實(shi)(shi)際(ji)得(de)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)看(kan)個(ge)(ge)體所(suo)(suo)(suo)選的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參照系。以(yi)上(shang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)定(ding)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)出(chu)自(zi)一(yi)些心(xin)(xin)理(li)學家、組織行(xing)為(wei)(wei)學家，依據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)基礎主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)馬斯(si)洛理(li)論(lun)、赫茲伯格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙因(yin)(yin)素理(li)論(lun)、弗洛姆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)望理(li)論(lun)、亞(ya)當斯(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公平理(li)論(lun)等(deng)。但(dan)(dan)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)上(shang)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)內(nei)涵(han)復雜、外延廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念，在(zai)(zai)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)崗位、環境、條件下，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)因(yin)(yin)素很(hen)多，表現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式不(bu)一(yi)，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)也有(you)(you)很(hen)大差異，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)重新(xin)認(ren)識員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵(han)及(ji)定(ding)義(yi)。在(zai)(zai)企(qi)業，員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)應(ying)突出(chu)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質與(yu)(yu)內(nei)容，以(yi)區別(bie)一(yi)般(ban)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，由(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)變(bian)動與(yu)(yu)反應(ying)，在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)比較之中發生變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)變(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，因(yin)(yin)不(bu)同(tong)個(ge)(ge)體、不(bu)同(tong)參照系而(er)不(bu)同(tong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)體對(dui)(dui)(dui)于所(suo)(suo)(suo)從事的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)內(nei)心(xin)(xin)自(zi)我度(du)(du)(du)(du)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。

有(you)時工(gong)(gong)(gong)作滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)總的(de)(de)(de)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)很低(di)。人的(de)(de)(de)情感很復(fu)雜(za)，很難完全被(bei)剖析，但(dan)為了把握工(gong)(gong)(gong)作滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)內涵，便于(yu)分析，應當盡可能(neng)(neng)(neng)使問題簡(jian)化、清(qing)晰。雖(sui)然(ran)一般講‘只有(you)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使顧(gu)客滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)”，但(dan)實(shi)際操(cao)作往往使管(guan)理者無從下手。在(zai)實(shi)踐中(zhong)，對(dui)滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理主(zhu)要針對(dui)組(zu)織中(zhong)層以(yi)上或中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)級知(zhi)識分子，因為，他們的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)程(cheng)度(du)(du)如何，對(dui)組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)發展影響很大，這(zhe)些員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)認知(zhi)水平、情商比較高(gao)(gao)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)處理好工(gong)(gong)(gong)作、生(sheng)活、學習等各個方面的(de)(de)(de)關系。管(guan)理者應把工(gong)(gong)(gong)作滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)概念明晰簡(jian)化，考慮自身時間和(he)精力的(de)(de)(de)有(you)限(xian)性，注重(zhong)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作滿(man)(man)意(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現與提高(gao)(gao)，以(yi)此來調整管(guan)理方式。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)(quan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)(he)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與(yu)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)(quan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護(hu)與(yu)實現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)本質上(shang)排(pai)斥(chi)(chi)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與(yu)，為維(wei)護(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)，決(jue)策和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)必然要(yao)求(qiu)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)服(fu)從；而職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與(yu)程度是對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)(quan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制、修(xiu)正或者(zhe)否定。過于(yu)(yu)堅持管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)，可能會(hui)抑(yi)制職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)性，過于(yu)(yu)強(qiang)化(hua)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與(yu)，則(ze)可能弱化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能。實踐證明，無論何(he)種(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)形(xing)，均會(hui)增加管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)成本、降低管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效率。這(zhe)一(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)不可調(diao)和(he)(he)(he)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)普遍存在(zai)(zai)(zai)，也不可避免的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響了(le)(le)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效率，以及勞動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定和(he)(he)(he)諧。在(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)炭企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)，這(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)表(biao)現(xian)為過分追求(qiu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)(quan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)而壓制員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與(yu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)日(ri)常(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)十分強(qiang)調(diao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)命(ming)令的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遵從，排(pai)斥(chi)(chi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與(yu)。其突出表(biao)現(xian)為兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)況：①對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行(xing)束(shu)縛式管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)們(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)各種(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)章(zhang)制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)制約中(zhong)為企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)服(fu)務，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)完全處于(yu)(yu)被動(dong)和(he)(he)(he)從屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)性受到壓抑(yi)。②部分企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)經營和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)，特別(bie)是一(yi)二線(xian)基(ji)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產區隊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錯誤地采(cai)取簡單(dan)粗暴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方式來維(wei)護(hu)自己權(quan)(quan)(quan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)政策實施前不宣傳不溝通，執行(xing)政策時習(xi)慣發于(yu)(yu)發號施令，不尊重和(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)解下(xia)屬；在(zai)(zai)(zai)政策執行(xing)期間(jian)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤解和(he)(he)(he)沖突，不積(ji)極(ji)(ji)做好解釋和(he)(he)(he)疏導工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，任由員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)升級(ji)。這(zhe)都不僅影響了(le)(le)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)性，更(geng)惡化(hua)了(le)(le)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，為日(ri)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖突埋下(xia)了(le)(le)隱患(huan)。這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)自始至終(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)每(mei)個企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)當(dang)中(zhong)，只是在(zai)(zai)(zai)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)，不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時期表(biao)現(xian)不同。當(dang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)利(li)益(yi)(yi)分配上(shang)不能恰當(dang)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，利(li)益(yi)(yi)分配矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)就會(hui)凸(tu)顯(xian)出來乃至上(shang)升為主要(yao)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)；當(dang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)不能正確處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)(quan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)(he)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)時，這(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)就會(hui)升級(ji)并(bing)影響勞動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)諧。因此(ci)，不論哪種(zhong)(zhong)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升級(ji)甚至一(yi)并(bing)爆(bao)發，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)諧勞動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創建以及企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康發展來說(shuo)，都會(hui)造成嚴(yan)重甚至是致命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創傷。因此(ci)，這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解決(jue)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)到和(he)(he)(he)諧勞動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)建立，更(geng)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)到企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康發展。

我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)煤炭企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題表明(ming)，出現利(li)益(yi)分配(pei)(pei)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)沒能(neng)(neng)(neng)得到(dao)應(ying)有保(bao)(bao)護和(he)(he)(he)提升(sheng)，而(er)(er)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)利(li)益(yi)過于(yu)突出，使(shi)得兩者(zhe)利(li)益(yi)沒能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)得到(dao)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)最(zui)終導致了矛(mao)盾(dun)升(sheng)級與(yu)(yu)(yu)凸顯。因此(ci)現階(jie)段化解矛(mao)盾(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵是(shi)在(zai)于(yu)采(cai)取多方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施來維(wei)護和(he)(he)(he)增加(jia)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利(li)益(yi)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)使(shi)得企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)達到(dao)一致。具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施有：完善(shan)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)度，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)管理(li)(li)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)《勞動(dong)(dong)法(fa)》規定“，建立(li)(li)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系應(ying)當(dang)(dang)訂立(li)(li)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)”。勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)一經(jing)雙方當(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)簽訂，即確立(li)(li)了勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)與(yu)(yu)(yu)用人(ren)單(dan)位之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)(dong)法(fa)律(lv)關(guan)(guan)系，他們(men)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有關(guan)(guan)勞動(dong)(dong)權利(li)義(yi)務通過書面(mian)形式確定下來，使(shi)之固定化、具體化、以(yi)(yi)此(ci)規范和(he)(he)(he)約(yue)束勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系雙方當(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，并(bing)且通過勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，實(shi)現雙方各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)。任(ren)何一方違約(yue)侵害(hai)另一方權益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，都(dou)要(yao)承擔經(jing)濟或法(fa)律(lv)責任(ren)。建立(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)諧勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系，必(bi)(bi)須全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)度，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)管理(li)(li)，不(bu)斷提高勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系雙方當(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)意(yi)識，依法(fa)簽訂并(bing)嚴(yan)格履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)在(zai)法(fa)律(lv)上(shang)維(wei)護員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)，杜絕企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)隨(sui)(sui)意(yi)侵犯損害(hai)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)和(he)(he)(he)諧行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，同(tong)時(shi)，促(cu)使(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)及早學(xue)會“以(yi)(yi)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)本，尊(zun)重(zhong)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營管理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念，走上(shang)適應(ying)新經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)。立(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資增長機制(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)且合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)分配(pei)(pei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入(ru)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)依靠員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，而(er)(er)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現又離不(bu)開企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)管理(li)(li)者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)須樹立(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之間(jian)(jian)共(gong)同(tong)創(chuang)造，共(gong)享未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)宗旨，構建企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)“合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)雙贏”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)諧局(ju)面(mian)。因此(ci)，在(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，必(bi)(bi)須為(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建立(li)(li)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資增長機制(zhi)(zhi)，提高員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入(ru)，使(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)享受到(dao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成果，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)將(jiang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)對(dui)立(li)(li)轉變成“利(li)益(yi)共(gong)生”。另外，如(ru)何針對(dui)每(mei)位員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)績(ji)效與(yu)(yu)(yu)貢(gong)獻價值(zhi)，合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資分配(pei)(pei)，事(shi)關(guan)(guan)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)尊(zun)嚴(yan)，更(geng)(geng)關(guan)(guan)系著員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想穩定和(he)(he)(he)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)諧。隨(sui)(sui)著員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，都(dou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)明(ming)白一個道(dao)理(li)(li)，那就是(shi)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)體現效率和(he)(he)(he)公(gong)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)是(shi)沒有發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)前途的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)一個好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分配(pei)(pei)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)比工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低更(geng)(geng)重(zhong)要(yao)。煤礦都(dou)是(shi)在(zai)原煤開采(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)(er)煤炭開采(cai)又是(shi)是(shi)“苦、臟、累、險”工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)根據這個特點(dian)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管理(li)(li)者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)須在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資分配(pei)(pei)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)上(shang)要(yao)向這四(si)個崗位傾斜，真正做到(dao)效益(yi)優先，兼職(zhi)公(gong)平。增加(jia)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)福利(li)，改(gai)善(shan)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)(huan)境和(he)(he)(he)生活條件(jian)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資收(shou)入(ru)是(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)核心(xin)利(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體現，然而(er)(er)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福利(li)也(ye)是(shi)其(qi)中重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成部分。福利(li)影響著員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿意(yi)度，也(ye)折射出企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)心(xin)愛護程度。隨(sui)(sui)著近年來國(guo)(guo)(guo)家煤礦整頓(dun)關(guan)(guan)閉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深入(ru)開展(zhan)(zhan)，使(shi)得國(guo)(guo)(guo)有煤礦效益(yi)大(da)幅度提高。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)效益(yi)好，應(ying)投入(ru)實(shi)際行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)來為(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)謀福利(li)，花大(da)力氣改(gai)善(shan)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)(huan)境和(he)(he)(he)生活條件(jian)。應(ying)當(dang)(dang)將(jiang)以(yi)(yi)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)本，關(guan)(guan)愛員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)精(jing)神融入(ru)到(dao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)中，例如(ru)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)礦容(rong)礦貌，從(cong)(cong)(cong)地面(mian)到(dao)井(jing)下，從(cong)(cong)(cong)環(huan)(huan)境到(dao)設(she)施，從(cong)(cong)(cong)馬路(lu)到(dao)宿舍(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)改(gai)造。對(dui)井(jing)下巷道(dao)燈光(guang)通明(ming)，各種安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)護裝備(bei)要(yao)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)齊全(quan)(quan)(quan)，努力打造安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)舒適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)(huan)境。對(dui)于(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宿舍(she)(she)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)旅(lv)館(guan)化管理(li)(li)，定期安(an)排專人(ren)負責打掃宿舍(she)(she)衛(wei)生、為(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)更(geng)(geng)換生活用品以(yi)(yi)及安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)執勤等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

目(mu)前各(ge)個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學術流派對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可否(fou)認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)一(yi)個組(zu)(zu)織中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)或同(tong)(tong)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)起使(shi)(shi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)完(wan)成(cheng)得(de)(de)(de)更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。這一(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)體(ti)現在計(ji)劃、組(zu)(zu)織、領導和(he)(he)(he)(he)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)職能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。我們可以(yi)(yi)(yi)從(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)看(kan)出，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)(kai)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)維(wei)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)威(wei)也只(zhi)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了使(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)服(fu)從(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，從(cong)而更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)效完(wan)成(cheng)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)措施。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，從(cong)根本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上講，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)維(wei)護和(he)(he)(he)(he)樹立(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)威(wei)才(cai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)相(xiang)互矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)應當(dang)從(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)意出發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，采(cai)(cai)取新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)措施，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式，來(lai)消(xiao)除管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)威(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)給和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諸多(duo)消(xiao)極(ji)影響(xiang)。樹立(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)。在傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤炭(tan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)把員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)當(dang)做(zuo)生(sheng)產成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了降低人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，制定(ding)了各(ge)種(zhong)規(gui)章制度(du)來(lai)約束員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，把員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)同(tong)(tong)于機(ji)(ji)器(qi)，使(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)全(quan)處(chu)于一(yi)種(zhong)被動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)從(cong)屬(shu)地位。部(bu)(bu)分管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)在具(ju)(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也忽視了員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求和(he)(he)(he)(he)想法(fa)，采(cai)(cai)取簡單粗暴是(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)法(fa)。而以(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，卻把員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)當(dang)成(cheng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)資源(yuan)來(lai)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堅持把人(ren)(ren)(ren)放(fang)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)位置，從(cong)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求出發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)從(cong)制度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求出發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，在日常(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)把”以(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)”作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)，指導管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)制決策、定(ding)措施，并把該理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)落實到(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。健(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)，加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)力(li)度(du)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)是(shi)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)載體(ti)，是(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)方(fang)式，更(geng)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)體(ti)現。它對生(sheng)活(huo)生(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)壞直接影響(xiang)著拉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧與(yu)(yu)(yu)否(fou)。在國有(you)(you)(you)煤炭(tan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)組(zu)(zu)織是(shi)聯系(xi)(xi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁和(he)(he)(he)(he)紐(niu)帶，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介入，使(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)資雙方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)了平等(deng)(deng)對話的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎，使(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)資雙方(fang)溝通(tong)(tong)渠道(dao)(dao)變(bian)(bian)得(de)(de)(de)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)暢通(tong)(tong)，雙方(fang)在讓步和(he)(he)(he)(he)妥(tuo)(tuo)協(xie)(xie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)解(jie)、緩(huan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)，較為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)容易取得(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)資雙方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)反響(xiang)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)把工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)健(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)(bu)分，從(cong)而充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)其在推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。一(yi)個機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)完(wan)善、運(yun)行(xing)(xing)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)組(zu)(zu)織能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)在企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)簽(qian)訂集體(ti)合同(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)形(xing)(xing)式，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新(xin)型勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)“契約”，使(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)平等(deng)(deng)協(xie)(xie)商，使(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)資雙方(fang)按(an)(an)照集體(ti)合同(tong)(tong)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙方(fang)權(quan)(quan)利和(he)(he)(he)(he)義務(wu)(wu)，履行(xing)(xing)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職責(ze)，從(cong)而達到(dao)(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。需(xu)要(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，在健(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)必(bi)須(xu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)制。煤炭(tan)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)屬(shu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)集型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，引發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)多(duo)，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)多(duo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)特點(dian)(dian)。許多(duo)小矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)、小爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)沒有(you)(you)(you)得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)及時(shi)、妥(tuo)(tuo)善處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，導致(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升級，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了較大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)體(ti)沖突。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)必(bi)須(xu)按(an)(an)照“預防為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)(su)質(zhi)。使(shi)(shi)他(ta)們能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)樹立(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)排憂解(jie)難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)負責(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)意識(shi)，具(ju)(ju)備及時(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現和(he)(he)(he)(he)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)尚(shang)處(chu)于萌(meng)芽狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)得(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，避(bi)免大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)群(qun)體(ti)性(xing)事件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，避(bi)免勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)擴散到(dao)(dao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)外(wai)(wai)而使(shi)(shi)問題復雜化(hua)。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)性(xing)，積(ji)(ji)極(ji)消(xiao)除不(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧因(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)致(zhi)性(xing)程(cheng)度(du)體(ti)現了管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，有(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)使(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)按(an)(an)照正(zheng)確軌道(dao)(dao)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)并及早達到(dao)(dao)目(mu)標。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，在構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)必(bi)須(xu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)性(xing)，所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗旨(zhi)就(jiu)是(shi)“得(de)(de)(de)民心(xin)”。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)紀(ji)委監察(cha)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)，要(yao)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)違紀(ji)查處(chu)力(li)度(du)，糾正(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)之(zhi)風；作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)要(yao)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)正(zheng)面宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展前景(jing)，贊頌那(nei)(nei)些為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)做(zuo)出杰出貢獻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，另外(wai)(wai)還需(xu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)媒(mei)介，加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)各(ge)項政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)力(li)度(du)，力(li)爭(zheng)使(shi)(shi)每位員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及時(shi)全(quan)面準(zhun)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了解(jie)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)信息(xi)，確保(bao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知情(qing)權(quan)(quan)；作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)要(yao)充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)思想政治工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)優勢，加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)感情(qing)投資，以(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin)換心(xin)。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)活(huo)后勤部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，根據員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，提(ti)供優質(zhi)高(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)化(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)。總之(zhi)，只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)各(ge)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)力(li)協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)各(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)用，努(nu)力(li)營造親和(he)(he)(he)(he)力(li)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)“得(de)(de)(de)民心(xin)”進而得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。對于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)來(lai)說，正(zheng)如前面提(ti)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)(nei)樣(yang)———兩種(zhong)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，對于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)來(lai)說，在構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)認(ren)真關(guan)(guan)(guan)注和(he)(he)(he)(he)研(yan)究兩對矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)，積(ji)(ji)極(ji)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)解(jie)決矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備。在堅持“兩點(dian)(dian)論與(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)論相(xiang)結合”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)下，根據實際情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，對于主(zhu)(zhu)次矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盾(dun)(dun)，有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)(you)步驟開(kai)(kai)展工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

本文作者：孫建工作單(dan)位：皖北煤(mei)電集團(tuan)公司朱集西礦

一、勞資關系現狀

開利空調銷售服務（上海）有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)初期的(de)(de)股份比(bi)例(li)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)49%，外方(fang)51%，由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)全面(mian)經營(ying)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，上世紀90年(nian)(nian)代，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)發展迅猛，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)收入在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)是(shi)令人羨慕的(de)(de)。2000年(nian)(nian)外方(fang)開始(shi)不(bu)(bu)斷增資擴(kuo)股，至今已(yi)(yi)經成為外方(fang)絕對(dui)控股的(de)(de)合(he)(he)資企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，雖然每年(nian)(nian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資小幅增長，但在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尤(you)其是(shi)一(yi)(yi)線(xian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資水平已(yi)(yi)經沒有競爭優勢，這(zhe)(zhe)和(he)(he)(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念有很大的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系。公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)比(bi)較注重(zhong)(zhong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)技術、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)等核心人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，而不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)視一(yi)(yi)線(xian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。并且中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)市場勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力供大于求的(de)(de)狀況導致企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)視一(yi)(yi)線(xian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)(zhe)些員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)收入和(he)(he)(he)福(fu)(fu)利現(xian)在(zai)(zai)已(yi)(yi)經比(bi)不(bu)(bu)上國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，有的(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)說，國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)相(xiang)對(dui)穩定，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環境相(xiang)對(dui)寬松，不(bu)(bu)會輕(qing)易被(bei)(bei)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，而在(zai)(zai)外企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隨時(shi)都(dou)(dou)有可能被(bei)(bei)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除或終(zhong)止(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)。這(zhe)(zhe)就是(shi)為什么這(zhe)(zhe)些年(nian)(nian)來(lai)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭議案件多發于外企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)民企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)主因之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)做滿意度測評時(shi)，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)兩(liang)方(fang)面(mian)不(bu)(bu)滿意：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)薪(xin)資福(fu)(fu)利不(bu)(bu)滿，二是(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)被(bei)(bei)尊(zun)重(zhong)(zhong)。外方(fang)掌握了公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)經營(ying)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)權以(yi)(yi)后，明顯感覺西(xi)方(fang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)式在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)“水土(tu)不(bu)(bu)服”，文(wen)化差異較大。例(li)如：企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)(dou)要(yao)遵循美(mei)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)道德(de)規(gui)(gui)范和(he)(he)(he)反(fan)壟斷法，簡稱(cheng)（BPO）。凡是(shi)有員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)違反(fan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)BPO政策，按照公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)規(gui)(gui)章制度都(dou)(dou)將被(bei)(bei)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，而且不(bu)(bu)予賠償(chang)，這(zhe)(zhe)和(he)(he)(he)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有關(guan)(guan)于解(jie)(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)條(tiao)款不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)符(fu)合(he)(he)而引(yin)發勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭議。多年(nian)(nian)來(lai)雖然最終(zhong)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)通過(guo)法律途徑最終(zhong)拿到賠償(chang)金，但公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)還是(shi)堅持這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)做法。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)勞(lao)(lao)資關(guan)(guan)系一(yi)(yi)直非常(chang)緊張。

二、勞資(zi)矛(mao)盾產生原因

外(wai)資(zi)企業勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系是(shi)典型的(de)(de)市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系，市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)實質就是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系是(shi)雇傭(yong)關(guan)(guan)系，雇主追(zhui)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)是(shi)利(li)潤最大化(hua)(hua)(hua)，員工追(zhui)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)是(shi)工資(zi)福利(li)最大化(hua)(hua)(hua)，從而存在著必然的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)。雇主希望利(li)用盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)少的(de)(de)成本獲得盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)多的(de)(de)收(shou)益，由于勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)力(li)市場(chang)供大于求(qiu)(qiu)，員工處(chu)于一(yi)種劣(lie)勢地位(wei)，由此這種對立關(guan)(guan)系在勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系中表現明顯(xian)。

1.勞動報酬及福利引發的矛盾。

勞資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)關(guan)系(xi)受到諸多(duo)(duo)因(yin)素(su)(su)的(de)(de)影響，其(qi)中(zhong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)為敏感和關(guan)鍵因(yin)素(su)(su)，滯后的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長水(shui)平(ping)(ping)成為阻(zu)礙和諧勞動關(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)因(yin)素(su)(su)。開利(li)空調(diao)銷售公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對勞動報酬不滿的(de)(de)情況比(bi)較(jiao)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)合資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)初(chu)期，中(zhong)外合資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)普(pu)遍(bian)比(bi)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)高(gao)，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)為了(le)(le)(le)(le)要(yao)(yao)吸引勞動力，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)外資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)80年(nian)代進入我(wo)國(guo)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)行業(ye)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)都是(shi)(shi)屬于新(xin)興行業(ye)，在(zai)(zai)當時企(qi)(qi)業(ye)效益(yi)好，利(li)潤高(gao)，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)收入普(pu)遍(bian)比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)。這些年(nian)來(lai)(lai)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)普(pu)遍(bian)感覺工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)低(di)，雖然公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)每年(nian)有(you)平(ping)(ping)均8%的(de)(de)增(zeng)幅(fu)，但是(shi)(shi)有(you)些員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)為基數低(di)，由于通脹(zhang)等原(yuan)因(yin)，給(gei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)增(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，也還(huan)無法讓(rang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)感到滿意。隨著國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)體制改革，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)有(you)大幅(fu)提升，外資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)優勢(shi)已經(jing)(jing)不明顯，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)優越已經(jing)(jing)蕩然無存。新(xin)進公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)按(an)照市場(chang)價聘(pin)用(yong)，老(lao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)很多(duo)(duo)還(huan)沒有(you)新(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)，因(yin)此(ci)，這些年(nian)老(lao)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)抱怨很多(duo)(duo)，有(you)的(de)(de)甚至(zhi)(zhi)為了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)問題和主(zhu)管(guan)或人(ren)事部(bu)爭吵(chao)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作積極性大大降低(di)。2008年(nian)開利(li)廣州(zhou)維(wei)修(xiu)部(bu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)集體寫了(le)(le)(le)(le)訴求函，要(yao)(yao)求公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，這一(yi)(yi)舉動波及到全國(guo)各地的(de)(de)維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，部(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)的(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)甚至(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)現消極怠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)現象。這一(yi)(yi)事件嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響了(le)(le)(le)(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)正常的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，管(guan)理層派人(ren)事部(bu)經(jing)(jing)理去廣州(zhou)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)未果(guo)，請工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會出(chu)面協(xie)(xie)調(diao)，最(zui)終公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)為所有(you)維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)普(pu)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)30%的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，才平(ping)(ping)息了(le)(le)(le)(le)這場(chang)風波。2012年(nian)，在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)調(diao)整(zheng)中(zhong)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)將9名(ming)臨聘(pin)合同未到期的(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行協(xie)(xie)商(shang)解(jie)除勞動合同，但她們提出(chu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)自2000年(nian)至(zhi)(zhi)今沒有(you)按(an)實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)繳(jiao)(jiao)納社保，而是(shi)(shi)按(an)當地最(zui)低(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)繳(jiao)(jiao)納，要(yao)(yao)求企(qi)(qi)業(ye)補繳(jiao)(jiao)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會幾(ji)經(jing)(jing)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)，妥善(shan)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)這9名(ming)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)社保福利(li)問題。