民營企業融資范文10篇

時(shi)間:2024-05-18 02:32:06

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民營企業融資

民營企業融資分析論文

一、西部民營企業融資方面(mian)存(cun)在的(de)問題

(一)資(zi)(zi)金缺口(kou)大,融資(zi)(zi)困(kun)難(nan)

西(xi)部民營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展中存在的(de)一個突出問題(ti)是資(zi)金短缺,融資(zi)困難(nan),這(zhe)已成(cheng)為我國西(xi)部地區企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)瓶(ping)頸(jing)。世(shi)界銀行一份研(yan)究報(bao)告表明(ming):中國有81%的(de)民營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)認為“一年內(nei)的(de)流動資(zi)金不能滿(man)足(zu)需要”、60%的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)“沒(mei)有中長期貸(dai)款”。國家統計(ji)局的(de)《民營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展問題(ti)研(yan)究》表明(ming),在生產經營上,融資(zi)比(bi)較困難(nan)和很困難(nan)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)仍為68%和14%,資(zi)金不足(zu)成(cheng)為企(qi)業(ye)(ye)經營困難(nan)的(de)重要原因。

(二)融資(zi)方式單一(yi)

在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)民(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong),融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)方式非(fei)常不對稱,95%以上都是(shi)(shi)向銀(yin)行(xing)貸款,還(huan)有5%的(de)是(shi)(shi)采用直接融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)方式。尤其是(shi)(shi)西部地區的(de)中(zhong)小企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)很大(da)(da)(da)程度(du)上還(huan)是(shi)(shi)依賴(lai)于銀(yin)行(xing)貸款,然而(er),壟斷了信貸資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)達80%的(de)四大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)有商業(ye)(ye)銀(yin)行(xing)卻(que)將(jiang)發展戰略(lve)定位(wei)于“大(da)(da)(da)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)、大(da)(da)(da)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)”,使中(zhong)小企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)借(jie)款時,與國(guo)有大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)型(xing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)相比,不僅很難獲得優惠(hui)利(li)率,而(er)且(qie)還(huan)要求支付比國(guo)有大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)型(xing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)借(jie)款多得多的(de)浮動(dong)利(li)息。銀(yin)行(xing)對中(zhong)小企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)貸款多采取抵押(ya)或擔保(bao)方式,不僅手續繁雜,而(er)且(qie)中(zhong)小企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)還(huan)要付出(chu)擔保(bao)費(fei)、抵押(ya)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產評估等相關費(fei)用,融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)成本偏(pian)高。

(三)非正(zheng)規的融資現象(xiang)嚴重

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民營企業融資問題探究

[摘要(yao)]在(zai)信息不對(dui)稱、金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)結構、金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資源配置二元特性、信貸配給等條(tiao)件下(xia)民營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)會陷入融(rong)(rong)(rong)資困境,而利(li)(li)率市場化將(jiang)使這一難題(ti)(ti)有所緩解,對(dui)民營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資難的問(wen)題(ti)(ti)具有了一定積極作用,包括(kuo)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構貸款(kuan)積極性、拓展融(rong)(rong)(rong)資渠道、促進(jin)銀行業(ye)務創新等方面。本文(wen)對(dui)如何借助利(li)(li)率市場化潮(chao)流進(jin)一步解決民營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資難的問(wen)題(ti)(ti)提(ti)(ti)出了一些建設性意見。

[關鍵字]利率市場化;民營企業(ye);融資

一(yi)、民營企業融資約(yue)束成因

黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu):“毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動搖鞏固和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動搖鼓勵(li)、支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)、引(yin)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)非公有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”,為(wei)(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)光明(ming)(ming)(ming)前景。然而(er)(er),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)也成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)困(kun)擾(rao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)難(nan)(nan)(nan)題(ti)。據(ju)2013年公布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《小(xiao)(xiao)微企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao):中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)及亞洲實(shi)(shi)踐》表明(ming)(ming)(ming),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)4%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)表示(shi)他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)借(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)在(zai)(zai)(zai)6%~10%,剩余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40.6%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)則認(ren)為(wei)(wei)他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)借(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)超出(chu)(chu)(chu)10%。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)40%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)甚至需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)向銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)付超出(chu)(chu)(chu)基準利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)2倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)額(e)溢(yi)價,由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)即使(shi)愿意(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)付高(gao)(gao)額(e)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溢(yi)價也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)能夠(gou)得(de)到(dao)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)。這(zhe)(zhe)表明(ming)(ming)(ming)外(wai)部(bu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)面臨民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)(nan)(nan)題(ti)。(一(yi))信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)完全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市場(chang)環境下,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)和(he)(he)(he)外(wai)部(bu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)能夠(gou)相互(hu)替代(dai)。但是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市場(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境下,由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)會(hui)(hui)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)外(wai)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)差異,進而(er)(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部(bu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)。信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下,信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)市場(chang)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)逆(ni)(ni)向選擇效(xiao)應(ying),進而(er)(er)可能發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)道德(de)風險(xian)(xian),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)違約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)概(gai)(gai)率(lv)(lv),使(shi)得(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)減(jian)少(shao)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部(bu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)而(er)(er)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)外(wai)部(bu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)取決于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模(mo)(mo),規模(mo)(mo)越大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)越低,融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)越不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財務信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)披露程度(du)(du)等“硬信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)”非常(chang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限并且(qie)透明(ming)(ming)(ming)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)量(liang)(liang)小(xiao)(xiao)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)欺詐行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)、缺乏(fa)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)理(li)念、無法提(ti)供有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)抵(di)押(ya)物(wu),這(zhe)(zhe)些原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疊加(jia)使(shi)得(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更加(jia)傾向于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)將(jiang)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)放(fang)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)足夠(gou)抵(di)押(ya)物(wu)、財務健康透明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)所引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)問題(ti)而(er)(er)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)他們(men)很難(nan)(nan)(nan)從(cong)(cong)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)獲得(de)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)。早在(zai)(zai)(zai)1930年左(zuo)右,英國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府出(chu)(chu)(chu)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)就(jiu)(jiu)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu),資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)方不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)按(an)照民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)來提(ti)供貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan),這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“麥(mai)克米倫缺口”。其實(shi)(shi),這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)缺口不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)英國(guo)(guo)(guo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際上(shang)也經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)會(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同程度(du)(du)地出(chu)(chu)(chu)現,出(chu)(chu)(chu)現缺口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)錯綜復雜(za),既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)宏觀(guan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)又(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)微觀(guan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)因(yin)素,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)其主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)。而(er)(er)此(ci)(ci)時(shi),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)質便是(shi)由(you)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)所引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)問題(ti)。所以,銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)越是(shi)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng),對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)緩解(jie)(jie)(jie)財務約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)效(xiao)果就(jiu)(jiu)越好(hao)。(二)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。世界銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)學家Beck認(ren)為(wei)(wei):金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)緩解(jie)(jie)(jie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)外(wai)部(bu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)非常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。隨著(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)(ti)系和(he)(he)(he)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)完善,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所主(zhu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模(mo)(mo)塊將(jiang)會(hui)(hui)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長性。林毅夫(fu)(2009)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)優金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)理(li)論,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點就(jiu)(jiu)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)每個(ge)時(shi)期特(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)會(hui)(hui)隨著(zhu)(zhu)每個(ge)特(te)定(ding)(ding)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段而(er)(er)動態演變。報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)強(qiang)調(diao),必須把發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)力點放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang),這(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)(dui)引(yin)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)持(chi)定(ding)(ding)力,堅守實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將(jiang)產生(sheng)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。事(shi)實(shi)(shi)上(shang)能夠(gou)匹配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)才(cai)是(shi)最(zui)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou),最(zui)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)以區域性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。林毅夫(fu)(2001)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu),由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建立是(shi)以高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),同時(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan)和(he)(he)(he)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)。銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充分競爭會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)地緩解(jie)(jie)(jie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)并且(qie)會(hui)(hui)緩解(jie)(jie)(jie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)風險(xian)(xian)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“軟信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)”對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)(ti)系龐大(da)(da)(da)復雜(za)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞鏈條長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)言,想要(yao)(yao)(yao)識(shi)別(bie)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)好(hao)壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),同時(shi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)言它們(men)也沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)(zhe)種激勵(li)去識(shi)別(bie)。(三)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)二元(yuan)特(te)性。我(wo)們(men)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家長期存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二元(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系分化(hua)出(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系和(he)(he)(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)(ti)系也被劃分成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)和(he)(he)(he)正(zheng)(zheng)規金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二元(yuan)市場(chang)。這(zhe)(zhe)種“歧視”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二元(yuan)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)直(zhi)接造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公。基于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)種國(guo)(guo)(guo)情,通過政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隱性擔(dan)保(bao)、利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)規模(mo)(mo)控制(zhi)因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共同作(zuo)用(yong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)極大(da)(da)(da)地向國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)傾斜,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)獲得(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)(nan)(nan)度(du)(du)比(bi)想象中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)(da)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)二元(yuan)市場(chang)歧視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)轉向民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市場(chang)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)透明(ming)(ming)(ming)、無法提(ti)供抵(di)押(ya)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)其在(zai)(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)規金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)獲得(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)(nan)(nan)度(du)(du)加(jia)大(da)(da)(da),給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)非正(zheng)(zheng)規金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)提(ti)供了(le)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)。但是(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)缺少(shao)監管(guan),放(fang)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)會(hui)(hui)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)升(sheng)。另外(wai),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)影(ying)子銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)帶來了(le)負面影(ying)響(xiang)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間借(jie)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)等非正(zheng)(zheng)規金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)難(nan)(nan)(nan)以成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)來源(yuan)(yuan),融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)高(gao)(gao)、運(yun)作(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端只能使(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)規金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)補充角(jiao)色存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)。(四)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)。學術界普(pu)(pu)遍認(ren)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)身擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產少(shao),以及誠信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)問題(ti),銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)會(hui)(hui)實(shi)(shi)施信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei),從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)會(hui)(hui)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)市場(chang)均衡利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv),因(yin)此(ci)(ci)一(yi)部(bu)分借(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)者將(jiang)會(hui)(hui)被配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)局(ju)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策條件(jian)下,提(ti)升(sheng)利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)會(hui)(hui)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯地減(jian)弱原(yuan)(yuan)先受到(dao)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci),在(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)制(zhi)利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)背景下只需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)升(sheng)利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)水(shui)平就(jiu)(jiu)能減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)受到(dao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)(gai)率(lv)(lv)要(yao)(yao)(yao)顯著(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模(mo)(mo)普(pu)(pu)遍大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)與企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模(mo)(mo)呈現出(chu)(chu)(chu)反向關系;金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市場(chang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推進有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)助(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)獲得(de)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan),當金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市場(chang)化(hua)程度(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)時(shi),銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)會(hui)(hui)得(de)到(dao)緩解(jie)(jie)(jie),會(hui)(hui)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)受到(dao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)(gai)率(lv)(lv),從(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)緩解(jie)(jie)(jie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)。根(gen)據(ju)傳(chuan)(chuan)統信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)理(li)論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析,貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)將(jiang)會(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)逆(ni)(ni)向選擇效(xiao)應(ying),雖然銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預期收益(yi)會(hui)(hui)增加(jia),但是(shi)那(nei)些高(gao)(gao)風險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)將(jiang)會(hui)(hui)增大(da)(da)(da)違約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)(gai)率(lv)(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)還貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)低。利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)調(diao)控的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)是(shi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)應(ying)該(gai)根(gen)據(ju)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同而(er)(er)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)差異化(hua)利(li)(li)率(lv)(lv),這(zhe)(zhe)也是(shi)優化(hua)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵一(yi)環。合理(li)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)抵(di)押(ya)品設定(ding)(ding),并増加(jia)對(dui)(dui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)人員(yuan)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監管(guan)是(shi)從(cong)(cong)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)解(jie)(jie)(jie)決民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)束(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)方法。

二、利(li)率市場化給民營(ying)企(qi)業融資帶來(lai)的機(ji)遇

(一(yi))銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)競(jing)爭加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劇(ju),有(you)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)各銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)貸供(gong)(gong)給。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)貸利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)差(cha)(cha)被逐漸縮小。如果存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)上(shang)限放(fang)開,銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)保(bao)證原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)貸利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)差(cha)(cha)必然會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)提(ti)高(gao)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)失去一(yi)些已有(you)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu),風(feng)險(xian)(xian)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成為(wei)(wei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)次優(you)(you)選擇(ze),這(zhe)(zhe)樣等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)給了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。另外(wai),銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)競(jing)爭加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劇(ju),又(you)必然會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)把貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)調,這(zhe)(zhe)樣民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)緩解。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)依靠(kao)(kao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)份額的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)模(mo)式將難以(yi)持續,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)從(cong)重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)擴張(zhang)轉向(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)定(ding)價(jia)(jia),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)逐漸得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時期,銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)自(zi)主(zhu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)受限,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)波(bo)動(dong)以(yi)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)存(cun)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反(fan)映市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)供(gong)(gong)給與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)需求,導致(zhi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)消(xiao)極(ji)(ji)(ji)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)溢(yi)價(jia)(jia)無法(fa)(fa)反(fan)映出來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai),因此(ci)(ci),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)追(zhui)求穩定(ding)收益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)想法(fa)(fa)驅動(dong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),大(da)(da)(da)(da)型企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)更(geng)(geng)(geng)受青睞(lai),使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)環境變(bian)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異常困難。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)獲(huo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)主(zhu)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)權利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)置(zhi)顯現(xian)出更(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)力(li)(li),資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)充分真實(shi)地(di)(di)反(fan)映。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭日(ri)趨激(ji)烈,為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)保(bao)持盈(ying)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成為(wei)(wei)最多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)注(zhu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象(xiang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)背景下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)浮動(dong)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)地(di)(di)具(ju)有(you)彈性,浮動(dong)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)滿足民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)需求。從(cong)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)(ji)(ji)性會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)變(bian)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)(geng)(geng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)還處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,央行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準備金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)所(suo)有(you)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)貸擴張(zhang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顧(gu)慮(lv)。另外(wai),由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)存(cun)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)受到(dao)(dao)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)無法(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)其(qi)授信(xin)(xin)(xin),因為(wei)(wei)難以(yi)貼補民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)潛在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失,尤其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)根(gen)據(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性靈活(huo)(huo)調整信(xin)(xin)(xin)貸政策,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)艱難。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)存(cun)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)沒有(you)限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),大(da)(da)(da)(da)型銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)比(bi)之前更(geng)(geng)(geng)容易爭搶到(dao)(dao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu),這(zhe)(zhe)就推動(dong)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)專注(zhu)做(zuo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。另外(wai)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)型金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)說,由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)所(suo)帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭壓力(li)(li),他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)源也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)越來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)越傾向(xiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專一(yi),產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了(le)(le)鯰(nian)魚(yu)效(xiao)應(ying),為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)保(bao)持住(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)份額與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)盈(ying)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping),使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)型金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)構(gou)(gou)也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)問題。這(zhe)(zhe)些變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)緩解民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)困境。(二(er))利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)推進(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)創新。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)差(cha)(cha)減少,為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)保(bao)持自(zi)身收益(yi),銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)信(xin)(xin)(xin)貸業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)規(gui)(gui)模(mo),但是擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)便是關(guan)(guan)鍵,銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),這(zhe)(zhe)就會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劇(ju)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)存(cun)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭,傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)差(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潤來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盈(ying)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)了(le)(le),由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)放(fang)開,銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)將主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)盈(ying)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)關(guan)(guan)注(zhu)點放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)促進(jin)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新,推出新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)工具(ju)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)表外(wai)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)手段。因此(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)激(ji)烈競(jing)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代,僅(jin)僅(jin)依靠(kao)(kao)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),應(ying)該(gai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)創新,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)創新上(shang),最主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是要(yao)(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)靈活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)創新信(xin)(xin)(xin)貸融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),因為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)是銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)紐帶(dai),通過(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)連接民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)背景下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)、激(ji)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭中(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)持優(you)(you)勢。銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)積極(ji)(ji)(ji)拓展(zhan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu),可(ke)(ke)通過(guo)差(cha)(cha)異化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷,為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同需求,例如信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)卡貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)、小額儲蓄存(cun)單、資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)證券化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)一(yi)系列金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),這(zhe)(zhe)些貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)便利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),降低(di)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)讓民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)更(geng)(geng)(geng)有(you)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性地(di)(di)選擇(ze)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),結合(he)(he)自(zi)身資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)使(shi)用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)提(ti)高(gao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),降低(di)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。(三)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)范圍,提(ti)高(gao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)運(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)差(cha)(cha)收窄,銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)通過(guo)差(cha)(cha)異化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰略(lve)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)創新來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)爭取(qu)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)(hu),因此(ci)(ci)一(yi)些新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)將會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)涌現(xian)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)根(gen)據(ju)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)選擇(ze)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程度上(shang)補上(shang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)抵押(ya)擔保(bao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足、財務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息不(bu)(bu)(bu)全面(mian)(mian)等(deng)劣勢,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)結合(he)(he)自(zi)身企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)計劃(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)運(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)計劃(hua),提(ti)高(gao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)使(shi)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改革(ge)影(ying)響(xiang)著資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)良性發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)相(xiang)輔(fu)相(xiang)成,實(shi)現(xian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)效(xiao)配(pei)置(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國家推行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,需要(yao)(yao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)合(he)(he),成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)順利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)推動(dong)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程,所(suo)以(yi)應(ying)采取(qu)措施積極(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)適應(ying)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)極(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是簡單地(di)(di)放(fang)松利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推進(jin)有(you)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)形成多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)層(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體系。利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)形成資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)自(zi)由(you)(you)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并且是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)收益(yi)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源,另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)自(zi)由(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou),資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)體會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)波(bo)動(dong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)刺(ci)激(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。較(jiao)長時間(jian)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都過(guo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)地(di)(di)依靠(kao)(kao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)少之又(you)少,但這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)過(guo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依賴會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)升高(gao)、融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新動(dong)力(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足。隨著利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐步推進(jin),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)議價(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)變(bian)弱,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)根(gen)據(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)選擇(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)渠道(dao),進(jin)而促進(jin)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),實(shi)現(xian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)次結構(gou)(gou)。(四)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)遏(e)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)法(fa)(fa)借(jie)貸。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),我國經(jing)濟(ji)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)事實(shi)上(shang)形成了(le)(le)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)及(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)借(jie)貸利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙軌制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)以(yi)后(hou),高(gao)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)借(jie)貸市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)空間(jian)將會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)受到(dao)(dao)正規(gui)(gui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擠壓,非(fei)法(fa)(fa)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)現(xian)象(xiang)將會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)受到(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遏(e)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)偏離社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)平(ping)均(jun)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潤太多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo),從(cong)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)過(guo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)涌向(xiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)借(jie)貸市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),有(you)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)維(wei)護金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)穩定(ding)。同時,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)錢莊等(deng)非(fei)法(fa)(fa)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依賴將會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)降低(di),從(cong)正規(gui)(gui)渠道(dao)獲(huo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)支(zhi)持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。取(qu)消(xiao)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)和(he)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)都將大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)降低(di)。

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民營企業融資論文

民(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)難是一(yi)(yi)個世(shi)界(jie)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)問題,特別是那些規(gui)(gui)模(mo)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)和(he)成立(li)時間較(jiao)(jiao)短的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),除了利用內(nei)(nei)源融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)方式外(wai),很(hen)難得到銀行(xing)(xing)等(deng)提供的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)源性(xing)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)支(zhi)持。改革開放以(yi)來(lai),我國(guo)政(zheng)府一(yi)(yi)直致力于從(cong)間接(jie)(jie)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)直接(jie)(jie)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兩(liang)個方面(mian)解決企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟增長和(he)發展的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)瓶頸制(zhi)約問題,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)環(huan)境大為(wei)改善。但到目前(qian)為(wei)止,銀行(xing)(xing)貸款(kuan)(kuan)仍(reng)(reng)然(ran)是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)來(lai)源的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)渠道。我國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)貸款(kuan)(kuan)、國(guo)債、企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)債券和(he)股票(piao)(piao)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),銀行(xing)(xing)貸款(kuan)(kuan)比(bi)例仍(reng)(reng)高達八成。然(ran)而長期以(yi)來(lai),銀行(xing)(xing)貸款(kuan)(kuan)都(dou)受“重(zhong)(zhong)大輕小(xiao)”、“重(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)輕民(min)”經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)觀念支(zhi)配,銀行(xing)(xing)貸款(kuan)(kuan)主要(yao)供給(gei)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)大型(xing)(xing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),民(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)般規(gui)(gui)模(mo)都(dou)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao),經(jing)濟實(shi)力不強。在現行(xing)(xing)體系下,民(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)難以(yi)從(cong)銀行(xing)(xing)等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介機構中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)籌(chou)措到滿(man)足(zu)生產經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)。世(shi)行(xing)(xing)研(yan)究表明,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)私人公司的(de)(de)(de)發展資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)包括信用社在內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)銀行(xing)(xing)貸款(kuan)(kuan)僅占(zhan)1/5左(zuo)右。有(you)81%的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)“一(yi)(yi)年內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)流動資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)不能滿(man)足(zu)需要(yao)”,60.5%的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)“沒有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長期貸款(kuan)(kuan)。”據全國(guo)工商聯(lian)一(yi)(yi)份(fen)調查報告顯(xian)示,在2400家私營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)約80%的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)“融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)難”是他(ta)們面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)制(zhi)約因(yin)素。另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian),民(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)仍(reng)(reng)然(ran)普遍較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao),經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)也有(you)待(dai)規(gui)(gui)范,因(yin)此,在規(gui)(gui)模(mo)以(yi)及規(gui)(gui)范經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)方面(mian),多數(shu)民(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)無法達到在資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本市場發行(xing)(xing)股票(piao)(piao)或債券融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)最低要(yao)求。目前(qian)在滬深兩(liang)市通過直接(jie)(jie)上市和(he)買(mai)殼上市的(de)(de)(de)民(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所占(zhan)比(bi)例只有(you)16%左(zuo)右。“融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)難”已成為(wei)民(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加快發展的(de)(de)(de)關鍵性(xing)制(zhi)約因(yin)素和(he)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)現實(shi)障礙(ai)。

民(min)營企業“融(rong)資難”的(de)局面是多種因素造成的(de),既有民(min)營企業自身發(fa)展不足(zu)的(de)原因,也(ye)有金融(rong)制(zhi)度(du)和政策限(xian)制(zhi)的(de)因素。

首先(xian),部分民(min)營(ying)(ying)企業(ye)(ye)信(xin)譽(yu)、形(xing)象欠(qian)佳,使銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)對民(min)營(ying)(ying)企業(ye)(ye)態度冷淡。我國早期的(de)(de)民(min)營(ying)(ying)企業(ye)(ye)是(shi)在傳統體制(zhi)的(de)(de)邊緣和(he)縫隙中(zhong)成(cheng)長(chang)起來(lai)的(de)(de),經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者多(duo)為工人、農民(min)、小商販或供(gong)銷人員(yuan),很多(duo)是(shi)政(zheng)策催生,他們(men)缺(que)乏(fa)現代企業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者的(de)(de)理念,執行(xing)的(de)(de)是(shi)家族壟(long)斷的(de)(de)產權制(zhi)度、隱私式的(de)(de)財務會計制(zhi)度、任人惟親的(de)(de)人事制(zhi)度和(he)家長(chang)式的(de)(de)治理制(zhi)度,企業(ye)(ye)形(xing)象先(xian)天(tian)不足。從(cong)財務來(lai)看,不同程度地存在資料不全(quan)、數據(ju)失(shi)真、信(xin)息失(shi)實的(de)(de)問題;從(cong)抵(di)押來(lai)看,明顯薄弱(ruo);從(cong)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)手段審視,粗放、技術落后、設備陳(chen)舊。甚至一些民(min)營(ying)(ying)企業(ye)(ye)為急于完成(cheng)資本(ben)原始積累(lei)而(er)不擇手段,從(cong)而(er)失(shi)去(qu)誠信(xin),敗壞(huai)了(le)民(min)企整(zheng)體信(xin)譽(yu)。中(zhong)國人民(min)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)研究局焦璞(pu)先(xian)生提供(gong)了(le)一個數據(ju),60%以上民(min)營(ying)(ying)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)信(xin)用等(deng)級(ji)是(shi)3B或者3B以下的(de)(de)等(deng)級(ji),銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)難免對其謹小慎微,貸款自然舉(ju)步維艱。

其次,我國(guo)金融(rong)(rong)業(ye)市(shi)場化程(cheng)度低(di)(di),民(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場直接(jie)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)受到方方面(mian)面(mian)的限制。我國(guo)現(xian)行證券市(shi)場設立的初衷,主要是(shi)為了解決國(guo)有(you)大中型企(qi)業(ye)面(mian)向社(she)會公(gong)眾直接(jie)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)問題,入(ru)市(shi)門檻(jian)較(jiao)高(gao)。2005年10月(yue)通過(guo)修(xiu)訂的《證券法》和《公(gong)司法》規定(ding),企(qi)業(ye)發行股(gu)票上市(shi)時發行前股(gu)本(ben)總額不(bu)(bu)少于3000萬元人(ren)民(min)(min)幣;企(qi)業(ye)發行債券時股(gu)份(fen)有(you)限公(gong)司的凈資(zi)產不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)于人(ren)民(min)(min)幣3000萬元,有(you)限責(ze)任公(gong)司的凈資(zi)產不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)于人(ren)民(min)(min)幣6000萬元。一(yi)般(ban)民(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye),特別是(shi)廣大中小型民(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)能進入(ru)現(xian)行證券市(shi)場直接(jie)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)的。

解(jie)決(jue)民(min)(min)營企業融資難問題最終仍然需要以市場(chang)化的方(fang)式解(jie)決(jue),因此,完(wan)善(shan)資本市場(chang),引導資金資源的有效配置,是為民(min)(min)營企業拓寬融資渠道的重要方(fang)式。私募股權基(ji)金的出現,無(wu)疑為民(min)(min)營企業融資提供(gong)了新的工(gong)具。

私募股權(quan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi),簡稱PE(PrivateEquity),是指(zhi)按照投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)運作方式,直接對非上(shang)市實(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)權(quan)益(yi)性投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi),在交易實(shi)施(shi)過(guo)程中附帶考慮(lv)將來的(de)(de)退出(chu)機制,即通(tong)過(guo)上(shang)市、并購(gou)或(huo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)層回購(gou)等方式,出(chu)售持股獲利(li)。在我國,私募股權(quan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)也被稱為產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)。《產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)暫行(xing)(xing)辦法(fa)》將產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)定義為“一(yi)種對未(wei)上(shang)市企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進行(xing)(xing)股權(quan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)和提(ti)供經營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)服務的(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)共(gong)享、風險(xian)共(gong)擔的(de)(de)集合投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)制度(du),即通(tong)過(guo)向多數(shu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)者發(fa)行(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)份(fen)額設立基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)公司(si),由基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)公司(si)自任(ren)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)或(huo)另行(xing)(xing)委(wei)托基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)管(guan)(guan)理(li)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan),委(wei)托基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)托管(guan)(guan)人(ren)(ren)托管(guan)(guan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan),從事創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)、企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)重組投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)和基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設施(shi)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)等實(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)。”私募股權(quan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)一(yi)般投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)期(qi)限(xian)較(jiao)長(chang),投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)期(qi)限(xian)通(tong)常(chang)為3~7年(nian),所以說它是民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)最佳途(tu)徑之一(yi)。

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民營企業融資現狀及策略

摘要:在《人民(min)(min)的(de)(de)名(ming)義》熱播(bo)之后(hou),人們對劇中涉及的(de)(de)情節產(chan)生共鳴(ming),尤(you)其對劇中民(min)(min)營企(qi)業融資(zi)現實(shi)有(you)著(zhu)諸多的(de)(de)討論。當(dang)前,我(wo)國(guo)處于改革深水期(qi),經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)轉型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)至關(guan)重(zhong)要。而(er)民(min)(min)營企(qi)業作為我(wo)國(guo)市場經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)重(zhong)要參(can)與者,在經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發展以(yi)(yi)及轉型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)中扮(ban)演(yan)著(zhu)舉(ju)足輕(qing)重(zhong)的(de)(de)角色(se)。然(ran)而(er),當(dang)前我(wo)國(guo)民(min)(min)營企(qi)業的(de)(de)發展遇到了瓶頸,這與融資(zi)難等(deng)一(yi)系列的(de)(de)尷尬(ga)現實(shi)不(bu)無關(guan)系。基(ji)于此,以(yi)(yi)熱播(bo)劇《人民(min)(min)的(de)(de)名(ming)義》為切入點(dian),從(cong)民(min)(min)營企(qi)業融資(zi)的(de)(de)含(han)義以(yi)(yi)及融資(zi)現狀等(deng)多個方(fang)面(mian)進行(xing)闡述,并(bing)提出相應(ying)的(de)(de)策略,以(yi)(yi)供參(can)考。

關鍵詞:《人民的名義》;內(nei)涵;融資現(xian)狀;策略

1引言

隨著《人(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)義》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷熱播,劇中涉及(ji)到民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)融資困(kun)難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)劇情及(ji)現(xian)狀引起了(le)人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)廣泛關注(zhu)。隨著我國市場(chang)經濟的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷發(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)成熟,民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)也(ye)迎(ying)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)春天。但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可否認的(de)(de)(de)是,相比于(yu)國營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye),民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)競爭壓力(li)依然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小。在同等條(tiao)件下,銀(yin)行更愿意貸款給有知(zhi)名(ming)度的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye),而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是風險較(jiao)大、回報較(jiao)少的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)。由于(yu)缺少資金鏈的(de)(de)(de)支持(chi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)走向(xiang)了(le)破產的(de)(de)(de)道路。眾所(suo)周知(zhi),我國目前處于(yu)經濟轉型的(de)(de)(de)關鍵時期(qi),國營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)一枝獨(du)秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)顯然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符合當前時代的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,推動民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)成為(wei)當下潮(chao)流。因此,解決民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)融資問(wen)題成為(wei)重(zhong)中之重(zhong)。

2《人民的(de)名義》中民營企業的(de)融資(zi)簡(jian)介

2.1什么是(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)融(rong)(rong)資(zi),顧(gu)名思義就是(shi)(shi)將一些銀(yin)行或者企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)組(zu)織閑置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)合起(qi)來(lai)(lai)用于發展。融(rong)(rong)資(zi)對(dui)于民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)具有(you)(you)(you)非常(chang)重(zhong)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,如果沒有(you)(you)(you)大(da)量(liang)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助,民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)無法進(jin)行升級、無法促進(jin)自身規模最大(da)化發展。民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)實(shi)質上就是(shi)(shi)將融(rong)(rong)資(zi)過(guo)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)進(jin)行其他(ta)領(ling)(ling)域投資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程。通過(guo)對(dui)其他(ta)領(ling)(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)使資(zi)金(jin)(jin)升值,為民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)獲取利潤。2.2《人民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名義》中(zhong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)《人民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名義》是(shi)(shi)一部反腐類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)視連續(xu)劇,劇中(zhong)講述(shu)了(le)(le)(le)反腐局對(dui)各種政府(fu)工作人們(men)腐敗行為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)治(zhi)以(yi)及(ji)對(dui)社會現(xian)實(shi)情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反應。除此之(zhi)外,還有(you)(you)(you)人們(men)重(zhong)點關(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。比如,劇中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)風(feng)廠(chang)(chang)就是(shi)(shi)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表,當(dang)侯亮(liang)平不(bu)再信任(ren)蔡成(cheng)功時,原來(lai)(lai)退休的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳檢察長(chang)語(yu)重(zhong)心長(chang)地對(dui)侯亮(liang)平說道,現(xian)在民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)都不(bu)好過(guo),陳檢察長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一句(ju)話道出了(le)(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)狀。從劇中(zhong),我們(men)得知(zhi)愿意大(da)風(feng)廠(chang)(chang)貸款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)行少之(zhi)又少。這種民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題讓大(da)風(feng)廠(chang)(chang)鋌而走(zou)險,也最終(zhong)讓大(da)風(feng)廠(chang)(chang)金(jin)(jin)鏈斷(duan)裂而導致股(gu)權糾紛。縱使最后工人拿到了(le)(le)(le)股(gu)權,但(dan)這期間工廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停工等給企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)及(ji)員工等帶來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。誠然,我們(men)不(bu)否(fou)認的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)大(da)風(feng)廠(chang)(chang)貸款(kuan)難與(yu)自身原因有(you)(you)(you)一部分關(guan)系(xi),但(dan)當(dang)前(qian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)難也是(shi)(shi)不(bu)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事實(shi),也是(shi)(shi)導致企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)直接停產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要原因。

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民營企業融資現狀論文

【摘(zhai)要(yao)】我國的(de)民營經(jing)濟作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)社會主義初級(ji)階段基本(ben)經(jing)濟制度的(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)分,在(zai)國民經(jing)濟發展(zhan)(zhan)中成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一支不(bu)可(ke)忽視的(de)力量。可(ke)是由于長(chang)期以來民營企(qi)業(ye)由于企(qi)業(ye)自身(shen)(shen)、政(zheng)府(fu)政(zheng)策(ce)和社會金融環境(jing)等方面的(de)原因(yin),融資(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)制約其發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)最(zui)大瓶頸。作(zuo)者(zhe)從民營企(qi)業(ye)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)、政(zheng)府(fu)政(zheng)策(ce)以及(ji)(ji)社會環境(jing)三(san)方面入手,探討了融資(zi)的(de)現狀、原因(yin)以及(ji)(ji)對策(ce)。

【關(guan)鍵詞(ci)】民(min)營企(qi)業融(rong)資(zi)現(xian)狀原(yuan)因分析融(rong)資(zi)對策

【Abstract】Privatelyeconomyregardsastheimportantpartofeconomicsystem,duringelementarystateofsocialism,whichbecomesonepowercannotignoreindevelopmentofnationaleconomy.Butbecauseofenterpriseitself,governmentpolicy,andfinancialenvironmentreasonsetc.CurrencyfundbecomesthebiggestbottleneckwhatrestrictsthedevelopmentofprivatelyenterpriseThispaperexploresthepresentconditionsreasons,andpoliciesofcurrencyfundfromthreeaspects.

【Keywords】Privatelyenterprise;presentconditionsofcurrencyfond;reasonsanalysis;policiesofcurrencyfund

一(yi)、國(guo)內(nei)外研(yan)究現狀

1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月,美國(guo)研究與發(fa)展(zhan)公司(ARD)于1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)向波士(shi)頓(dun)科(ke)學企(qi)(qi)業(ye)家大(da)基地(di)投(tou)入(ru)一(yi)筆風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi),風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)創業(ye)開(kai)始了(le),在(zai)此之(zhi)前,1909年(nian)(nian)(nian)斯坦福大(da)學校(xiao)長DavidStarrTovdan以(yi)500美元投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)現代電子學業(ye)創始者leedeForrest的(de)(de)三極管實(shi)驗(yan),還有洛(luo)克(ke)菲(fei)勒(le)也開(kai)始資(zi)(zi)(zi)助(zhu)新(xin)的(de)(de)創業(ye),肖克(ke)萊(lai)實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)的(de)(de)“八(ba)個(ge)叛徒(tu)”,1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)也到東部找過資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)。風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代末投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)于半導體(ti)工業(ye),70年(nian)(nian)(nian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)于生(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)個(ge)人電腦;80年(nian)(nian)(nian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)于計算機(ji)工作和(he)網(wang)絡產(chan)業(ye);90年(nian)(nian)(nian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)于因特網(wang)的(de)(de)商業(ye)化(hua)和(he)通訊(xun)產(chan)業(ye)。進(jin)入(ru)我(wo)國(guo),在(zai)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)期左右,在(zai)這十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong),中(zhong)國(guo)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)業(ye)有較(jiao)大(da)發(fa)展(zhan),孵化(hua)了(le)眾多民營企(qi)(qi)業(ye),積累(lei)了(le)不少(shao)成(cheng)功經驗(yan),但目前處于發(fa)展(zhan)初級階段。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian),美國(guo)國(guo)際數(shu)據集(ji)團(IDG)旗下的(de)(de)太平洋(yang)技(ji)術(shu)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基金(jin)(PTV)就成(cheng)為在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)進(jin)行風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)第一(yi)家國(guo)際機(ji)構。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian),“中(zhong)國(guo)太平洋(yang)技(ji)術(shu)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基金(jin)”(PTV—CHINA)正(zheng)式成(cheng)立,90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)期以(yi)后(hou)國(guo)外風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)機(ji)構加(jia)大(da)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)力(li)度,1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,張朝陽獲得美國(guo)麻省理工學院(MIT)三位(wei)教(jiao)授(shou)22萬美元風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)后(hou)成(cheng)立愛特信電子技(ji)術(shu)公司(SOHU),90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代的(de)(de)國(guo)外風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)機(ji)構進(jin)入(ru),對我(wo)國(guo)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)業(ye)和(he)民營科(ke)技(ji)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)非(fei)常重大(da)影響。

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民營企業融資環境探析

內容提(ti)要:我國民營企業在(zai)(zai)(zai)融(rong)資方面(mian)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)困(kun)難,其原因既有外在(zai)(zai)(zai)因素,也(ye)有內在(zai)(zai)(zai)因素,必須(xu)從培育(yu)民營銀行體系、完善資本市場、強化信譽建設(she)、轉換思維等方面(mian)尋求(qiu)對(dui)策。

一(yi)、民營企業融資環(huan)境的現狀

(一)商業銀行為民(min)營企業融資支持力度有限,流(liu)資偏多(duo)

中(zhong)央銀行已經(jing)出臺相(xiang)關政(zheng)策鼓勵(li)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銀行增加對民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)貸(dai)款(kuan),但(dan)各商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銀行為了(le)(le)資金安(an)全(quan)往(wang)往(wang)集(ji)中(zhong)力量抓大(da)(da)客戶而不(bu)愿(yuan)向民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)放貸(dai)。同時銀行大(da)(da)多(duo)喜(xi)歡大(da)(da)額貸(dai)款(kuan)而忽視(shi)額度(du)小、頻率(lv)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)貸(dai)款(kuan)。近年來,銀行的(de)(de)(de)票(piao)據承(cheng)兌(dui)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務發展很快,但(dan)同樣也(ye)是(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)于大(da)(da)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)很難(nan)得(de)(de)到銀行的(de)(de)(de)票(piao)據承(cheng)兌(dui)額度(du)。即使(shi)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銀行愿(yuan)意(yi)向民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發放固定(ding)資產貸(dai)款(kuan),但(dan)由于投資項(xiang)目審批制度(du)不(bu)健全(quan),加上銀行擔(dan)(dan)心長(chang)(chang)期(qi)貸(dai)款(kuan)帶來的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險,不(bu)愿(yuan)意(yi)向民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)放基(ji)建和技改項(xiang)目貸(dai)款(kuan),因而民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)最多(duo)也(ye)只能獲得(de)(de)一(yi)年之內的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動(dong)資金貸(dai)款(kuan),很難(nan)獲得(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)資金貸(dai)款(kuan)。為了(le)(le)滿足(zu)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)資金周轉的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao),一(yi)些民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)采(cai)取短期(qi)貸(dai)款(kuan)多(duo)次周轉的(de)(de)(de)辦法,從而增加了(le)(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負擔(dan)(dan)和融資成本。由此可見(jian),現有(you)間(jian)接融資渠道很難(nan)滿足(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)再創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和技術(shu)改造、開(kai)發高(gao)科技項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)資金需求。

(二)資本(ben)市場為民營企業提供的(de)融(rong)資渠道有限,門檻過高

中國資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)僅(jin)有(you)十幾年的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展歷程(cheng)(cheng),其結(jie)構存在(zai)一定的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)陷,不(bu)利(li)于民(min)(min)營企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)。目前,證券市(shi)(shi)場(chang)缺(que)少適(shi)應各(ge)類企業(ye)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)多層次資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)體系,私(si)人權(quan)益資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)還不(bu)能很好地連接(jie)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)供給方(fang)和(he)(he)需求方(fang),長期票(piao)據市(shi)(shi)場(chang)發(fa)育程(cheng)(cheng)度很低。這表明(ming)民(min)(min)營企業(ye)利(li)用(yong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)籌資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)機制(zhi)尚(shang)不(bu)具備:受所有(you)制(zhi)和(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)規模、制(zhi)度環境的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制(zhi),即使是成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)營企業(ye),要(yao)想利(li)用(yong)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)或發(fa)行債券、商業(ye)票(piao)據融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)比較困難;二(er)板(ban)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)又(you)受各(ge)方(fang)面條(tiao)件限(xian)制(zhi),也(ye)不(bu)可能成(cheng)為民(min)(min)營企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)渠道。因此,民(min)(min)營經濟的(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)渠道有(you)限(xian),很難利(li)用(yong)現有(you)正(zheng)式(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)融(rong)通資(zi)(zi)(zi)金。

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無錫民營企業融資分析

摘要(yao):由(you)于國(guo)內、國(guo)際的(de)諸多原(yuan)因,使無錫地區(qu)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)企業加快了產(chan)業升(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)與轉(zhuan)型,民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)資(zi)本(ben)的(de)經營(ying)領域逐(zhu)步擴(kuo)大(da),科技(ji)含量也得到了穩(wen)步提升(sheng)(sheng),民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經濟快速向(xiang)高新技(ji)術領域和戰(zhan)略新興產(chan)業轉(zhuan)移(yi),使民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)企業的(de)結構更趨合理(li)。成功的(de)企業轉(zhuan)型起(qi)到了很(hen)好的(de)示范作用,民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)企業投資(zi)的(de)活力不斷增強,投資(zi)規(gui)模也不斷擴(kuo)大(da),投資(zi)領域也得到了拓寬。本(ben)文主要(yao)研究無錫民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)企業融資(zi)現狀,以(yi)供參考。

關鍵詞:民(min)營(ying)企業(ye);企業(ye)融資(zi);無錫

民(min)間(jian)投資行為在符合市場(chang)規律的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上,在自發調(diao)節(jie)過程中不斷完善,同時民(min)間(jian)投資的(de)(de)機制靈活自由,體(ti)現了極其(qi)旺盛的(de)(de)生命力。因此,研究無錫地(di)區的(de)(de)民(min)營企業融資現狀,對分析地(di)方民(min)營企業融資有重要(yao)的(de)(de)意義。

一、無錫民營(ying)企業的融資(zi)的現狀

資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血液,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)(ji)活動都(dou)會表現(xian)為(wei)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立(li)和發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)離不(bu)(bu)開資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)動和助力(li)。所(suo)以(yi),資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命線。一般(ban)情(qing)況下,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)鏈(lian)出現(xian)問題(ti)(ti),小則引(yin)起企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暫(zan)時(shi)困難(nan)(nan)(nan),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)則會影(ying)響企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)存(cun)(cun),甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)導(dao)致(zhi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)倒閉清(qing)算。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)否得到(dao)穩定持續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)支持,是民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素之(zhi)一。無錫(xi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)而同(tong)步發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),時(shi)至(zhi)今(jin)日(ri),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經濟(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)經濟(ji)(ji)中(zhong)已是非同(tong)尋(xun)常,融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困難(nan)(nan)(nan)相(xiang)對于(yu)(yu)以(yi)前要(yao)改善了(le)很多(duo)。但(dan)是無錫(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)(ji)體制轉軌(gui)過(guo)程(cheng)還(huan)在(zai)(zai)繼續,尤其(qi)是金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融體制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革還(huan)不(bu)(bu)是很徹底,所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)無錫(xi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也面臨相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困難(nan)(nan)(nan)。中(zhong)小民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)無論(lun)是在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)初創期(qi)(qi)還(huan)是在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是采用內部(bu)(bu)(bu)積累的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)去解(jie)決(jue)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)短缺問題(ti)(ti)。有(you)(you)(you)調查(cha)顯(xian)示,無錫(xi)地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)初創階段(duan),絕(jue)(jue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)靠自有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)解(jie)決(jue)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)立(li)需求,資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)來(lai)源就是資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持有(you)(you)(you)人(ren),設(she)立(li)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合伙人(ren)以(yi)及社里人(ren)與(yu)合伙人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)人(ren)、親朋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)后續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)需求,無錫(xi)地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)還(huan)是通過(guo)自有(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支持,除了(le)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)外(wai),往(wang)往(wang)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)出面向其(qi)生(sheng)意(yi)伙伴、家(jia)(jia)人(ren)、親朋借入(ru)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)外(wai),也會將(jiang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)留存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)(bu)(bu),為(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)提(ti)供(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)來(lai)源。隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融體制改革,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)、省、市都(dou)出臺(tai)了(le)一系(xi)列(lie)政策和規定,為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)開綠燈,要(yao)求金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)對民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)力(li)度,給(gei)予民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融支持。甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)給(gei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)提(ti)供(gong)優惠(hui)政策,也試圖通過(guo)建(jian)立(li)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing),組(zu)建(jian)地(di)方性銀(yin)(yin)行(xing),為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)供(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)保障。但(dan)目前由于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自身(shen)和經濟(ji)(ji)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因,并沒有(you)(you)(you)從(cong)(cong)根(gen)本上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)解(jie)決(jue)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti),甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)可以(yi)說民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)困局沒有(you)(you)(you)得到(dao)一點改善。各種所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從(cong)(cong)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風控角度考慮(lv),更(geng)愿意(yi)把大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)放給(gei)風險較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)型(xing)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或者抵御(yu)風險能(neng)(neng)力(li)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市公司,只是象征(zheng)性把一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)放給(gei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)風險較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。對于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)小民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)來(lai)說,貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)難(nan)(nan)(nan)求還(huan)是普(pu)遍存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象,這(zhe)與(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)經濟(ji)(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重嚴重不(bu)(bu)符。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),有(you)(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)質量比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也通過(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市可以(yi)從(cong)(cong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本市場籌資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),但(dan)能(neng)(neng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)占(zhan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例很小,即使(shi)算上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)小板和新三板,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)占(zhan)整個上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例也不(bu)(bu)足40%,這(zhe)也和民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)經濟(ji)(ji)地(di)位(wei)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)適應。

二(er)、無錫民營企(qi)業融(rong)資瓶(ping)頸的(de)原因

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民營企業融資支持策略

摘要:以(yi)“一帶一路”為背(bei)(bei)景(jing),闡述民(min)營(ying)企業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)重要性,指出(chu)民(min)營(ying)企業(ye)在中國經濟(ji)中的(de)地位和(he)作用。中國民(min)營(ying)企業(ye)自身實力(li)較弱(ruo),市場競(jing)爭力(li)不強(qiang),其發(fa)展面臨著很大的(de)融資(zi)問題。民(min)營(ying)企業(ye)融資(zi)難、資(zi)金(jin)缺乏,導致其規模較小,不利于社會經濟(ji)穩定發(fa)展。基于此(ci),提(ti)出(chu)“一帶一路”背(bei)(bei)景(jing)下,民(min)營(ying)經濟(ji)發(fa)展的(de)金(jin)融支(zhi)持策略。

關鍵詞:“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”;民營企(qi)業(ye);融(rong)資;策略

“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)路”是在中(zhong)國經濟新常(chang)態背景下(xia)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倡議(yi),是中(zhong)國對外開放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體表現和形(xing)勢。隨著“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)路”倡議(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施,區域和國際合作日益(yi)頻繁,經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)迅速機會是開放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)路”背景下(xia),民營(ying)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)面臨(lin)著新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境和新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機遇。然而,在民營(ying)經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong),金(jin)(jin)融機構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)力度不夠,給民營(ying)企業(ye)帶(dai)來了融資難題。為了促(cu)進私營(ying)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),必須建立一(yi)(yi)個適合私營(ying)部門發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)融體系,并為其提(ti)供金(jin)(jin)融支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)。

一(yi)、“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路(lu)”概述(shu)

所謂“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)”,是(shi)指“絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)經濟帶(dai)(dai)”和“21世紀海上絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)”,在當前社會形(xing)勢下,“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)”倡議的(de)(de)提出具有(you)重要(yao)的(de)(de)現實意義。“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)”建設有(you)利(li)于經濟發(fa)展,是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)經濟新常態(tai)下促進經濟穩定(ding)快速發(fa)展的(de)(de)重要(yao)舉措,也是(shi)我國(guo)對外開放的(de)(de)重要(yao)成果。“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)”倡議貫(guan)穿中(zhong)國(guo)、俄羅斯、蒙(meng)古、南亞、東南亞、中(zhong)東歐,“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)”倡議的(de)(de)實施,使地區聯系更(geng)加(jia)緊(jin)密(mi),中(zhong)國(guo)與世界的(de)(de)聯系更(geng)加(jia)緊(jin)密(mi),為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)經濟發(fa)展帶(dai)(dai)來了巨大機遇。

二、民營經濟概述

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民營企業融資論文

民營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)難(nan)(nan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個世界性的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,特別是(shi)(shi)那些規(gui)模(mo)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)成立時(shi)間(jian)較(jiao)短的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)型企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye),除(chu)了利用內(nei)源融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)方式外,很難(nan)(nan)得到(dao)銀(yin)行(xing)等提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)外源性資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金支持(chi)。改革開放以(yi)來(lai),我國(guo)(guo)政府一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)致力(li)于從間(jian)接融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)直(zhi)(zhi)接融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兩(liang)個方面(mian)(mian)解(jie)決企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)增長和(he)(he)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金瓶頸制約問題,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)環境大(da)為(wei)改善(shan)。但到(dao)目前(qian)為(wei)止,銀(yin)行(xing)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)仍然(ran)是(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金來(lai)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)渠(qu)道。我國(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)、國(guo)(guo)債、企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)債券和(he)(he)股(gu)票融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong),銀(yin)行(xing)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)比例(li)仍高達(da)八(ba)成。然(ran)而長期(qi)以(yi)來(lai),銀(yin)行(xing)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)都受“重(zhong)大(da)輕小(xiao)(xiao)”、“重(zhong)國(guo)(guo)輕民”經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)觀念支配,銀(yin)行(xing)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)主(zhu)要(yao)供給國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)大(da)型企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye),民營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)一(yi)般(ban)規(gui)模(mo)都比較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao),經(jing)濟(ji)實(shi)力(li)不(bu)強(qiang)。在(zai)現行(xing)體系下(xia),民營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)從銀(yin)行(xing)等中(zhong)(zhong)介機構中(zhong)(zhong)籌(chou)措到(dao)滿(man)足生產經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金。世行(xing)研(yan)究表(biao)明,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)私(si)人公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金包括信用社在(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)行(xing)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)僅占(zhan)1/5左(zuo)右(you)。有(you)(you)81%的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)認為(wei)“一(yi)年內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)足需要(yao)”,60.5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)認為(wei)“沒(mei)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)長期(qi)貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)。”據全國(guo)(guo)工商聯一(yi)份(fen)調(diao)查報告顯示,在(zai)2400家私(si)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)約80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)認為(wei)“融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)難(nan)(nan)”是(shi)(shi)他(ta)們面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)制約因(yin)素。另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian),民營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)規(gui)模(mo)仍然(ran)普遍較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao),經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)也有(you)(you)待規(gui)范,因(yin)此,在(zai)規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)及(ji)規(gui)范經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)方面(mian)(mian),多數(shu)民營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)無(wu)法達(da)到(dao)在(zai)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本市(shi)場發行(xing)股(gu)票或債券融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最低要(yao)求。目前(qian)在(zai)滬深兩(liang)市(shi)通過(guo)直(zhi)(zhi)接上市(shi)和(he)(he)買(mai)殼上市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)所占(zhan)比例(li)只(zhi)有(you)(you)16%左(zuo)右(you)。“融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)難(nan)(nan)”已成為(wei)民營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)加快發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵性制約因(yin)素和(he)(he)嚴重(zhong)現實(shi)障礙。

民(min)營(ying)企業“融資難(nan)”的(de)局面(mian)是多種因(yin)素(su)造成的(de),既有民(min)營(ying)企業自身(shen)發展不足的(de)原(yuan)因(yin),也有金融制度和政(zheng)策限(xian)制的(de)因(yin)素(su)。

首(shou)先,部分民營(ying)企(qi)業信譽、形象欠(qian)佳,使銀行對民營(ying)企(qi)業態度(du)(du)冷淡。我國(guo)早期的(de)民營(ying)企(qi)業是(shi)(shi)在(zai)傳(chuan)統體(ti)制的(de)邊緣和(he)縫(feng)隙(xi)中(zhong)成長起來(lai)的(de),經營(ying)者多(duo)為工人、農民、小商販或(huo)供銷人員,很多(duo)是(shi)(shi)政策催生,他們缺乏現代企(qi)業經營(ying)者的(de)理(li)念(nian),執行的(de)是(shi)(shi)家(jia)族(zu)壟斷的(de)產權制度(du)(du)、隱私式的(de)財(cai)務會(hui)計(ji)制度(du)(du)、任人惟親的(de)人事制度(du)(du)和(he)家(jia)長式的(de)治(zhi)理(li)制度(du)(du),企(qi)業形象先天(tian)不(bu)(bu)足。從財(cai)務來(lai)看,不(bu)(bu)同程度(du)(du)地存在(zai)資料不(bu)(bu)全(quan)、數據失真、信息失實(shi)的(de)問題;從抵(di)押來(lai)看,明顯薄弱;從經營(ying)手段審視,粗放、技(ji)術落后(hou)、設備陳舊。甚至一些民營(ying)企(qi)業為急于(yu)完成資本原始積累而(er)不(bu)(bu)擇手段,從而(er)失去(qu)誠信,敗壞了民企(qi)整體(ti)信譽。中(zhong)國(guo)人民銀行研(yan)究局焦璞(pu)先生提供了一個數據,60%以上(shang)民營(ying)企(qi)業的(de)信用等級(ji)是(shi)(shi)3B或(huo)者3B以下的(de)等級(ji),銀行難免(mian)對其(qi)謹小慎(shen)微(wei),貸款自然舉步維艱。

其次,我國(guo)金融(rong)業(ye)市(shi)場(chang)化程度低,民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)資(zi)(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)直接(jie)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)受到(dao)方(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)面面的(de)限制。我國(guo)現行(xing)(xing)證券市(shi)場(chang)設立的(de)初衷,主要是為了解(jie)決國(guo)有大(da)中型(xing)企(qi)業(ye)面向社會公眾直接(jie)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)問題,入(ru)市(shi)門檻(jian)較高(gao)。2005年10月(yue)通過修訂的(de)《證券法(fa)》和《公司法(fa)》規定,企(qi)業(ye)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)股(gu)票上市(shi)時發(fa)行(xing)(xing)前股(gu)本總額不(bu)(bu)少于(yu)3000萬(wan)元人民(min)幣;企(qi)業(ye)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)債券時股(gu)份有限公司的(de)凈資(zi)(zi)產不(bu)(bu)低于(yu)人民(min)幣3000萬(wan)元,有限責任公司的(de)凈資(zi)(zi)產不(bu)(bu)低于(yu)人民(min)幣6000萬(wan)元。一(yi)般民(min)營企(qi)業(ye),特別是廣大(da)中小型(xing)民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)是不(bu)(bu)能進入(ru)現行(xing)(xing)證券市(shi)場(chang)直接(jie)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)。

解(jie)決(jue)民(min)營(ying)企業(ye)融資(zi)(zi)難問題最(zui)終仍然需要以市場化的(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)解(jie)決(jue),因此(ci),完善資(zi)(zi)本(ben)市場,引導(dao)資(zi)(zi)金資(zi)(zi)源的(de)有效配(pei)置(zhi),是(shi)為(wei)民(min)營(ying)企業(ye)拓寬融資(zi)(zi)渠(qu)道的(de)重要方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。私募股權基金的(de)出現(xian),無疑為(wei)民(min)營(ying)企業(ye)融資(zi)(zi)提供了新的(de)工(gong)具。

私募股(gu)權(quan)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),簡稱(cheng)PE(PrivateEquity),是指(zhi)按(an)照投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)運作方(fang)(fang)式,直接對(dui)非上市(shi)實業(ye)企業(ye)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)權(quan)益性(xing)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),在(zai)交(jiao)易(yi)實施過程中(zhong)附帶(dai)考慮將(jiang)來的(de)退出機制,即通過上市(shi)、并購或管理(li)(li)層回購等方(fang)(fang)式,出售持(chi)股(gu)獲利。在(zai)我國,私募股(gu)權(quan)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)也被稱(cheng)為(wei)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。《產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)管理(li)(li)暫行(xing)辦法》將(jiang)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)定義為(wei)“一(yi)種對(dui)未上市(shi)企業(ye)進(jin)行(xing)股(gu)權(quan)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和提(ti)供經營管理(li)(li)服務(wu)的(de)利益共享、風(feng)險共擔的(de)集合投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)制度,即通過向多數投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)發行(xing)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)份額(e)設立基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)公(gong)司,由(you)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)公(gong)司自任基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)管理(li)(li)人(ren)或另行(xing)委托(tuo)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)管理(li)(li)人(ren)管理(li)(li)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan),委托(tuo)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)托(tuo)管人(ren)托(tuo)管基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan),從事創業(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、企業(ye)重組投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等實業(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。”私募股(gu)權(quan)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)般(ban)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)較(jiao)長,投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)通常為(wei)3~7年,所以說它(ta)是民營企業(ye)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)最佳途徑之一(yi)。

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民營企業融資瓶頸探析

摘要:黨的(de)(de)十(shi)一(yi)屆三中全會以來(lai)(lai),隨著經濟體(ti)制(zhi)改革的(de)(de)深入,我國的(de)(de)民營經濟得(de)到(dao)迅猛發(fa)展(zhan),民營企(qi)業作為新生力(li)量不(bu)斷發(fa)展(zhan)壯(zhuang)大(da),在社會經濟發(fa)展(zhan)中的(de)(de)地位和作用也(ye)越來(lai)(lai)越重要,無論是經濟學家、管理學家還是政府官員都把民營經濟的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)提升到(dao)戰略高度給予(yu)重視。近年來(lai)(lai),安陽(yang)市民營經濟發(fa)展(zhan)迅速,取得(de)了巨大(da)成就,但(dan)也(ye)存在不(bu)少(shao)問題。本(ben)文(wen)從安陽(yang)市民營經濟發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)現狀、特點出(chu)發(fa),針對發(fa)展(zhan)中融(rong)資難的(de)(de)問題進行(xing)了分(fen)析,并(bing)提出(chu)了相(xiang)關的(de)(de)對策建議,希望對民營經濟的(de)(de)快速健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)有所(suo)幫助。

關鍵詞(ci):民(min)營企業;發(fa)展;融資(zi);對策

改革(ge)開放(fang)30多年來,作為(wei)豫北區(qu)域性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)心城市(shi),安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社會發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)制改革(ge)取得了(le)(le)令人矚目的(de)(de)(de)(de)成就,這與民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是密切相關的(de)(de)(de)(de),民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)成為(wei)安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)潛力(li)(li)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)點。由于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)產權(quan)分(fen)(fen)明、運(yun)營(ying)機制靈活(huo)等(deng)特點,在激烈(lie)多變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)表現出(chu)極(ji)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性(xing)和(he)(he)生命力(li)(li),涌(yong)現出(chu)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)具有競(jing)爭(zheng)優勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)名(ming)牌產品,形(xing)成了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)支不(bu)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)隊伍。2015年全(quan)市(shi)生產總值1672億(yi)元(yuan),增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)7.2%;規模(mo)以上(shang)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加值727.8億(yi)元(yuan),增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)5.6%;一(yi)(yi)般公共預(yu)算收(shou)入(ru)100.3億(yi)元(yuan),增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)5.3%;固定(ding)資產投資1682億(yi)元(yuan),增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)16.3%;社會消費品零售總額592.4億(yi)元(yuan),增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)12.1%;城鄉居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)達到28128元(yuan)和(he)(he)12382元(yuan),均增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)8%[1]。實(shi)踐證明,民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)成為(wei)安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)快速健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)推動力(li)(li)量。雖然安(an)(an)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)得到了(le)(le)較(jiao)快發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),但(dan)是由于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)底子(zi)薄,總量小,很難(nan)一(yi)(yi)下子(zi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)壯大,再加上(shang)融資難(nan)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)系列問題,給民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)帶來了(le)(le)強(qiang)烈(lie)沖擊。面對錯綜復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)形(xing)勢,客觀分(fen)(fen)析民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現狀(zhuang),準確把(ba)握(wo)民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢和(he)(he)客觀規律,為(wei)政府制定(ding)實(shi)施民(min)(min)(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)政策與規劃提供(gong)參考和(he)(he)依據,日益(yi)成為(wei)一(yi)(yi)項緊迫和(he)(he)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)任務。

1安陽市民營(ying)經濟融資現狀

資金緊張、融資困難始(shi)終是阻(zu)礙安陽市民營經(jing)濟發展的一(yi)個普(pu)遍性問題。

1.1民營(ying)企業直(zhi)接(jie)融(rong)資困難

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