摘要(yao)：教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)務(wu)跨(kua)境(jing)提(ti)供(gong)是教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)提(ti)供(gong)模式之一(yi)。WTO成員對(dui)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)務(wu)跨(kua)境(jing)提(ti)供(gong)采取不同的(de)立(li)(li)場。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)對(dui)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)務(wu)跨(kua)境(jing)提(ti)供(gong)沒有承諾，也缺乏相關(guan)的(de)立(li)(li)法。為應對(dui)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)務(wu)跨(kua)境(jing)提(ti)供(gong)快速(su)發展的(de)態勢和可能進入(ru)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)務(wu)市場的(de)情況(kuang)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)應在保(bao)持現有教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)開(kai)放政(zheng)策的(de)基礎上(shang)，加快完善教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)務(wu)跨(kua)境(jing)提(ti)供(gong)方(fang)面的(de)相關(guan)立(li)(li)法，建立(li)(li)和完善統一(yi)規范(fan)的(de)跨(kua)境(jing)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)務(wu)質量保(bao)障和監督體系(xi)，加強國(guo)(guo)際(ji)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)務(wu)貿易領域的(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)合作。

關鍵詞：教育服務；跨境(jing)提供；服務貿(mao)易

一、教(jiao)育服務與跨境提供

《服務(wu)貿(mao)易總協定》(GATS)定義(yi)(yi)了4種(zhong)服務(wu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)模(mo)式，跨境提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)是其(qi)中(zhong)之一(yi)。GATS把跨境提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)定義(yi)(yi)為“自(zi)一(yi)成員領(ling)土內向任何其(qi)他成員領(ling)土內提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)服務(wu)”。該定義(yi)(yi)表明，在(zai)服務(wu)貿(mao)易發生時(shi)，服務(wu)的(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)者(zhe)和消費(fei)者(zhe)均沒有流動，跨境流動的(de)只是服務(wu)內容。

就費(fei)(fei)用(yong)與成本而言(yan)，跨(kua)境提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是最便捷和(he)最經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)。一(yi)方(fang)面，服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)和(he)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)必承擔(dan)像其他(ta)(ta)3種服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)一(yi)方(fang)或雙方(fang)必須(xu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)才(cai)能提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或接受服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)或成本，如在(zai)境外(wai)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)到服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地國，在(zai)商業(ye)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以設(she)立新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)實體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)到東道(dao)國，而在(zai)自然(ran)人流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以自然(ran)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身份流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)到東道(dao)國提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面，由于提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)和(he)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)都不(bu)必流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)，跨(kua)境提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實際上為消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)和(he)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)節(jie)省了大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)和(he)資(zi)源而收(shou)益并不(bu)一(yi)定會遜(xun)色于其他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)。

教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育服務跨境(jing)提供主要(yao)是通(tong)過郵政服務、電(dian)信服務、廣播電(dian)視(shi)、衛星通(tong)訊、因(yin)特網(wang)(wang)等現代通(tong)信媒體(ti)完成(cheng)。由于(yu)各(ge)國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)對(dui)衛星器具使用(yong)的規管和(he)廣播電(dian)視(shi)媒體(ti)的政治敏感性，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育服務跨境(jing)提供通(tong)常的形式主要(yao)有(you)函授、遠(yuan)程教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育和(he)培訓、網(wang)(wang)絡教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(E教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育)等。

摘(zhai)要(yao)：據相關數據顯示，截至2017年9月(yue)，我國農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)商交易(yi)額(e)已突破1700億(yi)元，電(dian)(dian)商已經成(cheng)為農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)銷售的一個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)渠道，并且交易(yi)規模呈現出連(lian)續增(zeng)長(chang)的態勢。目前，我國各類(lei)涉(she)農電(dian)(dian)商平(ping)臺已經超過3萬家，隨(sui)著跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)商的不斷發展，涉(she)外農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)商交易(yi)額(e)的比重(zhong)也隨(sui)之提高，農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)子商務在我國農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)進出口貿易(yi)中發揮(hui)著越來越重(zhong)要(yao)的作用(yong)。

關鍵(jian)詞：農產品(pin)；跨境電商；貿易發展特(te)點；制約(yue)因素

一(yi)、跨境電商農產(chan)品(pin)貿易發(fa)展的特點

近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)力(li)促(cu)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)趨勢和(he)(he)(he)政策利好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重(zhong)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)下，傳統(tong)(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)借助互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)渠(qu)道逐(zhu)步(bu)實現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)，帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，而(er)(er)(er)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)從(cong)(cong)(cong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)向產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)、倉(cang)儲、金(jin)融等(deng)各(ge)(ge)服(fu)務(wu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)態鏈和(he)(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)鏈，服(fu)務(wu)范圍也(ye)(ye)隨之不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)呈現(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)與(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)往(wang)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。1.農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)模(mo)提(ti)升(sheng)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)巨(ju)(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。2016年(nian)(nian)，阿里巴巴零售(shou)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)額(e)(e)高(gao)(gao)達(da)3.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)元，而(er)(er)(er)零售(shou)業(ye)(ye)(ye)巨(ju)(ju)頭沃爾瑪關(guan)(guan)閉了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)269家(jia)(jia)實體(ti)(ti)店(dian)，兩者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮明(ming)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比釋放(fang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)信(xin)(xin)號，那就(jiu)是(shi)未來(lai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)將逐(zhu)步(bu)朝線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)數據(ju)(ju)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。過(guo)去工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)力(li)軍，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)依靠傳統(tong)(tong)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，隨著(zhu)(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路”建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)深(shen)(shen)入，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)廣泛(fan)，合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。聚焦到跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)領域(yu)，“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路”沿線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地區覆(fu)蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)總數達(da)46億(yi)，必(bi)將為線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)來(lai)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)機(ji)遇，開(kai)(kai)拓出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)全新(xin)(xin)、更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)中(zhong)心數據(ju)(ju)顯示(shi)，2016年(nian)(nian)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)絡零售(shou)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)額(e)(e)已(yi)達(da)1.25萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)元，海(hai)淘用(yong)(yong)戶人(ren)數已(yi)達(da)4100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)。從(cong)(cong)(cong)2011年(nian)(nian)到2015年(nian)(nian)，“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路”沿線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)額(e)(e)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)11%，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米、棉花、食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)油、玉米等(deng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為部分國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)來(lai)源地，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)正(zheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)喜(xi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姿態走向全球。隨著(zhu)(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)蓬勃興起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)興業(ye)(ye)(ye)態，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分，各(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)巨(ju)(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，使我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)模(mo)還有非常大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。2.由粗放(fang)型(xing)向精細(xi)型(xing)服(fu)務(wu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)賣(mai)(mai)什么(me)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，原(yuan)來(lai)是(shi)什么(me)值錢種(zhong)什么(me)，追求(qiu)(qiu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，沒有市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)支撐(cheng)，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)滯銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)技術為核(he)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)，解決(jue)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)信(xin)(xin)息不(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)稱引發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)“買(mai)(mai)難”和(he)(he)(he)“賣(mai)(mai)難”問(wen)題，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)數據(ju)(ju)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)資源進(jin)(jin)行統(tong)(tong)籌分析、對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)戶需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)(jin)行分析，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)參考決(jue)策，進(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)(er)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，實現(xian)按需(xu)(xu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給，構建(jian)穩定(ding)、可(ke)持續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全球農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)網(wang)絡。其(qi)(qi)(qi)二，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)附加(jia)(jia)(jia)值不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)借鑒國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)經(jing)驗，把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)延伸到如保健品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、美容護膚、飲料(liao)等(deng)深(shen)(shen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)領域(yu)，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)挖(wa)掘農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)附價值，為客戶提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)體(ti)(ti)驗。其(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)系不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)初期，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為主(zhu)，物(wu)(wu)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)系單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，隨著(zhu)(zhu)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)，物(wu)(wu)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)系也(ye)(ye)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，新(xin)(xin)建(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路彌補了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)運輸中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)關(guan)(guan)手續更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)便(bian)捷，海(hai)外(wai)(wai)倉(cang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)效率，同(tong)時也(ye)(ye)降低(di)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)服(fu)務(wu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)類、規(gui)格、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地等(deng)信(xin)(xin)息方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)分類更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)細(xi)致，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)采購(gou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)(he)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)可(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)找到我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)(ge)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，并根(gen)據(ju)(ju)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)、價格等(deng)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)細(xi)分，按照(zhao)采購(gou)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)篩選出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)賣(mai)(mai)家(jia)(jia)。3.消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)升(sheng)級(ji)，向品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)。跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)只(zhi)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)切(qie)入手段，隨著(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)、支付方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)、金(jin)融業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)等(deng)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)基礎設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完善和(he)(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態也(ye)(ye)會隨之不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)演化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)從(cong)(cong)(cong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地到消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)手中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)越(yue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)B2C、C2B的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)B2B業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)會形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有效互(hu)(hu)補，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)升(sheng)級(ji)必(bi)將推動(dong)(dong)(dong)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)向品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)，隨著(zhu)(zhu)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)人(ren)均(jun)可(ke)支配收入不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，人(ren)們(men)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)高(gao)(gao)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)最(zui)初的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“吃飽”變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)“吃好”，而(er)(er)(er)這種(zhong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)理(li)念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)正(zheng)是(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)升(sheng)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規(gui)劃方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)。跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)使消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)與(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)(lian)系更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)緊(jin)密，C2B定(ding)制(zhi)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)流(liu)行，它充分滿足了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)(ge)性化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單向加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)為挖(wa)掘需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)參與(yu)(yu)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、配送的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，減少資源浪費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時也(ye)(ye)能(neng)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)利潤，并能(neng)解決(jue)傳統(tong)(tong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)所帶(dai)(dai)(dai)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)期長(chang)、庫存(cun)高(gao)(gao)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)不(bu)(bu)匹(pi)配等(deng)問(wen)題，優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈，從(cong)(cong)(cong)根(gen)本(ben)上進(jin)(jin)行風險控制(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)二，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)廣闊，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)巨(ju)(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)高(gao)(gao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)量也(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)日俱增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)受歡迎(ying)度(du)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)像澳洲臍橙、菲(fei)律賓鳳(feng)梨、新(xin)(xin)西蘭佳沛果等(deng)具(ju)(ju)有知(zhi)名度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)必(bi)由之路。其(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)水平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)。得益于我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，很多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)賣(mai)(mai)家(jia)(jia)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上從(cong)(cong)(cong)事農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)，盡管內(nei)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)(he)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實際(ji)(ji)操作(zuo)(zuo)上存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)差(cha)異，但通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)，很多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)賣(mai)(mai)家(jia)(jia)已(yi)經(jing)突破了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)傳統(tong)(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)、跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、零售(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)水平(ping)(ping)正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)逐(zhu)步(bu)提(ti)升(sheng)，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)體(ti)(ti)驗越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)好。4.農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)領域(yu)和(he)(he)(he)范圍擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)下聯(lian)(lian)合(he)互(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)由于地域(yu)限制(zhi)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)數消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)只(zhi)能(neng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖片(pian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)解產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)息，而(er)(er)(er)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)走出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)門，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)舉辦農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)藝(yi)術節、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)博覽會和(he)(he)(he)設(she)立品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗周(zhou)等(deng)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)，讓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)先切(qie)身(shen)感受產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)，進(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)(er)再通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)他們(men)喜(xi)歡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)二，跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)互(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)樣。各(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)構以(yi)(yi)及(ji)各(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)愈(yu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)頻繁，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)會、食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)峰會等(deng)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推介交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)會，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)(kai)辟了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)渠(qu)道。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)掌門人(ren)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)分享各(ge)(ge)自電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運營(ying)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)經(jing)驗，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投資在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)額(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)，圍繞(rao)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務(wu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)迎(ying)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)遇。買(mai)(mai)賣(mai)(mai)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)基礎層面(mian)，而(er)(er)(er)圍繞(rao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技信(xin)(xin)息、教(jiao)育(yu)等(deng)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)務(wu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，既可(ke)以(yi)(yi)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)培養更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)人(ren)才，同(tong)時可(ke)以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)力(li)。

二、跨境(jing)電(dian)商(shang)農產(chan)品貿易(yi)發展的制約因素

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，它牽扯到食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)、保(bao)質(zhi)期等(deng)(deng)問(wen)題，所面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)條件、市場(chang)(chang)、運輸(shu)技(ji)術(shu)以及(ji)(ji)當地社(she)會環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)與其(qi)(qi)他行(xing)業(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，因此也就面臨著(zhu)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰。1.對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)外(wai)出(chu)口(kou)配(pei)套環(huan)節不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan)(quan)。其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，冷(leng)鏈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題仍然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。目前(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)人(ren)(ren)均冷(leng)庫(ku)容積0.1-0.3之(zhi)間，低(di)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)他大(da)(da)部(bu)分國(guo)(guo)家(jia)，隨(sui)著(zhu)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，冷(leng)庫(ku)容積小(xiao)、功能滯后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)凸顯(xian)出(chu)來(lai)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也導(dao)致(zhi)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)從(cong)源頭開始便出(chu)現損耗現象，而國(guo)(guo)外(wai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)鏈運輸(shu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完善，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)年9月(yue)份召開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世界農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)會上(shang)，來(lai)自歐(ou)(ou)洲(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)協會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顧問(wen)介紹說，歐(ou)(ou)洲(zhou)人(ren)(ren)更(geng)傾向(xiang)于(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)網(wang)上(shang)購買服(fu)裝(zhuang)、旅游產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)體(ti)(ti)(ti)育用(yong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)雖然(ran)有(you)(you)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，但(dan)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)冷(leng)鏈運輸(shu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)配(pei)置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan)(quan)，人(ren)(ren)們(men)更(geng)喜歡(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實體(ti)(ti)(ti)店購買。其(qi)(qi)二，物流(liu)鏈有(you)(you)待(dai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)完善。跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)物流(liu)鏈條比(bi)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)長(chang)很(hen)多(duo)，而且存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天氣、技(ji)術(shu)、邊檢(jian)等(deng)(deng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可控因素(su)(su)，只要(yao)(yao)(yao)某個(ge)物流(liu)環(huan)節出(chu)現“斷(duan)(duan)鏈”，就很(hen)容易(yi)(yi)(yi)影(ying)響農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新鮮(xian)(xian)度(du)。目前(qian)(qian)(qian)我國(guo)(guo)小(xiao)額(e)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般采(cai)(cai)取外(wai)包運輸(shu)方式(shi)，覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)(chang)范圍有(you)(you)限、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高(gao)，而海(hai)外(wai)倉建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)額(e)投(tou)資，并(bing)且對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)庫(ku)存(cun)、管(guan)理要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)很(hen)高(gao)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)都(dou)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增(zeng)加了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。其(qi)(qi)三(san)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)鏈建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完善。目前(qian)(qian)(qian)我國(guo)(guo)很(hen)多(duo)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)還停留在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)集貨階段，甚至(zhi)還有(you)(you)來(lai)路不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地直采(cai)(cai)方式(shi)欠(qian)(qian)缺，沒有(you)(you)從(cong)源頭建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)起新鮮(xian)(xian)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)鏈，也就難(nan)以保(bao)障農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)零售(shou)環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)四，信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完善。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)從(cong)出(chu)庫(ku)到消(xiao)費(fei)者手中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)監管(guan)盲區，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)實時(shi)監控物流(liu)信(xin)息(xi)，運輸(shu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)旦出(chu)現問(wen)題，一(yi)(yi)(yi)是難(nan)以及(ji)(ji)時(shi)回應(ying)客戶，二是責任劃分不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)確，導(dao)致(zhi)客戶體(ti)(ti)(ti)驗(yan)降低(di)，同(tong)時(shi)給賣家(jia)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)損失。其(qi)(qi)五，法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規、信(xin)用(yong)評價、管(guan)理服(fu)務(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)支(zhi)撐體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)缺失。相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)，國(guo)(guo)外(wai)消(xiao)費(fei)者在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)選擇上(shang)更(geng)為挑剔一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)會更(geng)高(gao)。而我國(guo)(guo)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量檢(jian)驗(yan)標準、認(ren)證體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)、監控機制尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan)(quan)，導(dao)致(zhi)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)參差不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)齊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也是阻礙農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)因素(su)(su)。伴隨(sui)著(zhu)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)迅猛(meng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)勢(shi)頭，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關部(bu)門反應(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠迅速，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制定、監管(guan)模式(shi)都(dou)出(chu)現滯后(hou)(hou)，導(dao)致(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)應(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)問(wen)題時(shi)，采(cai)(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)措施(shi)欠(qian)(qian)妥。2.跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)本(ben)(ben)土(tu)(tu)(tu)化(hua)運營(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)展(zhan)緩慢。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做大(da)(da)做強，只有(you)(you)走(zou)出(chu)國(guo)(guo)門，了(le)解當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活和(he)(he)(he)(he)消(xiao)費(fei)習慣，為消(xiao)費(fei)者提(ti)供本(ben)(ben)土(tu)(tu)(tu)化(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)，才(cai)能提(ti)高(gao)國(guo)(guo)際競爭力(li)，與國(guo)(guo)外(wai)同(tong)行(xing)競技(ji)，能否本(ben)(ben)土(tu)(tu)(tu)化(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)營(ying)銷是跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)實現可持續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)走(zou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)來(lai)我們(men)已經(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)了(le)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模式(shi)，而對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)面向(xiang)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)消(xiao)費(fei)者，還缺乏一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)能力(li)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鏈條的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)雜性(xing)，以及(ji)(ji)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)稱，導(dao)致(zhi)很(hen)多(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)企(qi)業(ye)走(zou)了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少彎路，本(ben)(ben)土(tu)(tu)(tu)化(hua)嘗試(shi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局限性(xing)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)展(zhan)十分緩慢。特別是對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)企(qi)業(ye)來(lai)說，跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)網(wang)絡(luo)平臺設(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、物流(liu)、國(guo)(guo)際支(zhi)付(fu)、營(ying)銷、通關等(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)列過程(cheng)中(zhong)都(dou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)充(chong)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金(jin)保(bao)證，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)都(dou)嚴重制約(yue)了(le)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)本(ben)(ben)土(tu)(tu)(tu)化(hua)運營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。而海(hai)外(wai)合作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落地也有(you)(you)待(dai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)加強，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)、資源、市場(chang)(chang)配(pei)置(zhi)方面都(dou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)調試(shi)。3.跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)面臨“無(wu)人(ren)(ren)可用(yong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)(kun)局。跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)平臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)與業(ye)務(wu)(wu)開展(zhan)，涉及(ji)(ji)到采(cai)(cai)購、倉儲物流(liu)、通關、結匯、銷售(shou)、推廣等(deng)(deng)多(duo)個(ge)環(huan)節，流(liu)程(cheng)復(fu)(fu)雜，專(zhuan)業(ye)性(xing)強。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，遇(yu)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)困(kun)(kun)難(nan)就是人(ren)(ren)才(cai)問(wen)題，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)于(yu)(yu)工業(ye)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)網(wang)絡(luo)營(ying)銷策劃、法(fa)(fa)律、外(wai)語、外(wai)貿(mao)(mao)實務(wu)(wu)操(cao)作等(deng)(deng)專(zhuan)業(ye)知識和(he)(he)(he)(he)技(ji)能要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)更(geng)高(gao)，而農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)銷售(shou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)單需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)懂跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，同(tong)時(shi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)懂農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)。目前(qian)(qian)(qian)我國(guo)(guo)高(gao)校對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培養欠(qian)(qian)缺，政府(fu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他社(she)會資源也基本(ben)(ben)沒有(you)(you)培養這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)類人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)門機構，很(hen)多(duo)都(dou)是依靠農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)者自學和(he)(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)摸索，但(dan)學習和(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)落后(hou)(hou)于(yu)(yu)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，僅僅依靠高(gao)校開設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)課程(cheng)根本(ben)(ben)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)滿足社(she)會需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也是制約(yue)我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)原因。目前(qian)(qian)(qian)，大(da)(da)多(duo)數農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)企(qi)業(ye)傾向(xiang)于(yu)(yu)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)，但(dan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)兩(liang)者兼具并(bing)懂農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)合型(xing)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)，單一(yi)(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)業(ye)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)滿足這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種綜合性(xing)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，高(gao)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)更(geng)是存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺口(kou)。

摘要：隨著(zhu)傳(chuan)統出口貿易增速(su)的(de)(de)放(fang)緩(huan)，中國的(de)(de)跨境電(dian)商交易迅猛發展，高(gao)校(xiao)相關專(zhuan)業人(ren)才培養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)供給，已(yi)遠遠滿(man)足不了其需(xu)求。為(wei)了適(shi)應我國外貿行(xing)業轉型(xing)升級的(de)(de)需(xu)要，以應用(yong)型(xing)為(wei)主的(de)(de)國際貿易專(zhuan)業必須創(chuang)新人(ren)才培養(yang)(yang)模(mo)式。在全新培養(yang)(yang)目標(biao)的(de)(de)指導下(xia)，實施(shi)線(xian)上SPOC教學與(yu)線(xian)下(xia)“校(xiao)企合作”相結合的(de)(de)人(ren)才培養(yang)(yang)模(mo)式，已(yi)經成為(wei)跨境電(dian)商背景下(xia)地方(fang)高(gao)校(xiao)應用(yong)型(xing)專(zhuan)業人(ren)才培養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)創(chuang)新路徑(jing)。

關(guan)鍵詞：跨境電商；SPOC教學模(mo)式；校企合作(zuo)

近年(nian)來，中國的(de)(de)(de)傳統出口增速逐漸趨緩，但同(tong)期的(de)(de)(de)跨境電商的(de)(de)(de)交易額以年(nian)均(jun)30%增速增長(chang)。然而，為企業(ye)(ye)輸送專業(ye)(ye)人才的(de)(de)(de)高校人才培養，不管是(shi)數量(liang)還(huan)是(shi)專業(ye)(ye)素(su)質，都遠遠達不到企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)要求。在此(ci)背景下，國際貿易專業(ye)(ye)如(ru)何(he)培養學生既具有理論(lun)素(su)養、又(you)有較強實踐能力和(he)創新創業(ye)(ye)能力的(de)(de)(de)高素(su)質復合型技能人才具有重要意義。

一、文獻綜述

跨(kua)境電商(shang)(shang)(shang)作為(wei)一種(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易方(fang)式，董亮（2015）認為(wei)，與(yu)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別。就跨(kua)境電商(shang)(shang)(shang)對(dui)(dui)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)來看，對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)管是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易平臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作技能(neng)(neng)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)網絡營銷能(neng)(neng)力(li)都大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，同時(shi)跨(kua)境電商(shang)(shang)(shang)對(dui)(dui)網站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運營能(neng)(neng)力(li)以及(ji)與(yu)之相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物流、供應(ying)鏈(lian)管理能(neng)(neng)力(li)等(deng)也都提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；范新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)民（2016）認為(wei)，跨(kua)境電商(shang)(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電商(shang)(shang)(shang)與(yu)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易相結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)而發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)運營模(mo)式。賀書鋒等(deng)（2016）認為(wei)，跨(kua)境電商(shang)(shang)(shang)具有(you)(you)(you)訂(ding)單小型(xing)化(hua)、主題(ti)多邊化(hua)、交易直接化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點；將(jiang)對(dui)(dui)傳統(tong)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易進行重(zhong)構(gou)；高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)生可以獲得更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就業(ye)(ye)和創業(ye)(ye)機會。然而，國(guo)內(nei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)表明(ming)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易專業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養模(mo)式并(bing)不(bu)符合(he)(he)(he)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際需(xu)求(qiu)。洪聯英（2014）認為(wei)，目(mu)前(qian)地方(fang)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養步伐遠(yuan)遠(yuan)趕不(bu)上社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)容(rong)與(yu)課程(cheng)(cheng)設置(zhi)上，存在(zai)“重(zhong)理論(lun)，輕實(shi)踐”等(deng)現(xian)象。貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易實(shi)務還依然停留在(zai)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨物貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易。同樣(yang)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還有(you)(you)(you)張文虎(hu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者（2014），他指(zhi)出(chu)，目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易專業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養方(fang)面存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)課程(cheng)(cheng)設置(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)不(bu)合(he)(he)(he)理，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)容(rong)陳舊，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)時(shi)俱進，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)法老(lao)套等(deng)問題(ti)。邢學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)杰（2017）指(zhi)出(chu)，在(zai)國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培養中(zhong)(zhong)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用不(bu)容(rong)忽視，建立(li)雙師型(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師隊(dui)伍刻(ke)不(bu)容(rong)緩(huan)。在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)上，目(mu)前(qian)，SPOC（Small，PrivateOnlineCourses）作為(wei)一種(zhong)(zhong)嶄新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式，最早是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)加州(zhou)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)伯克利分(fen)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿曼德·福(fu)克斯(si)（ArmandoFox）教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)2013年首(shou)先提(ti)(ti)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。羅爾(er)福(fu)·霍夫曼（2013）認為(wei)，SPOC是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)融合(he)(he)(he)了(le)(le)實(shi)體課堂與(yu)在(zai)線教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混合(he)(he)(he)式教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式。加州(zhou)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)伯克利分(fen)校(xiao)(xiao)福(fu)克斯(si)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)團(tuan)隊(dui)通(tong)過開發(fa)SPOC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)APP課程(cheng)(cheng)，實(shi)現(xian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生在(zai)線觀看與(yu)線下課堂學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習相結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混合(he)(he)(he)型(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習。國(guo)內(nei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者清(qing)華大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)博士康葉(xie)欽(qin)（2014）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)較(jiao)早引入(ru)SPOC概念。他指(zhi)出(chu)，SPOC促進了(le)(le)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)內(nei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革，重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)定義了(le)(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用與(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)可持續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)模(mo)式。江蘇師范大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)陳然等(deng)（2015）、中(zhong)(zhong)南大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)曾明(ming)星等(deng)（2015）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部人(ren)(ren)文社科研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)項目(mu)“MOOC時(shi)代翻(fan)轉課堂教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)場域(yu)建構(gou)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)”，以及(ji)華東(dong)師范大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)羅久同等(deng)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“混合(he)(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習視角下MOOC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)：SPOC案例分(fen)析”等(deng)都對(dui)(dui)SPOC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式做了(le)(le)較(jiao)為(wei)系統(tong)與(yu)深入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。對(dui)(dui)SPOC教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式在(zai)高(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)改(gai)(gai)革中(zhong)(zhong)所具有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)(ji)意義，基本已經達成共識(shi)，即SPOC是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)效彌補MOOC短板(ban)與(yu)傳統(tong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)為(wei)精致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課程(cheng)(cheng)形式，它將(jiang)對(dui)(dui)課程(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改(gai)(gai)革帶來積極(ji)(ji)而又(you)深遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。

二、國際貿易(yi)專業(ye)人才培養模式創(chuang)新研究(jiu)的意義(yi)

隨著(zhu)全球經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟一(yi)體化(hua)的(de)深入發展(zhan)和(he)我國開放(fang)型經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟新(xin)體系(xi)的(de)建(jian)立(li)，我國的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)發展(zhan)面臨著(zhu)國際經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟環境(jing)日趨(qu)復(fu)雜的(de)新(xin)形(xing)勢，跨境(jing)電商(shang)成為我國外貿(mao)(mao)發展(zhan)新(xin)的(de)增長點，內貿(mao)(mao)貨(huo)物(wu)跨境(jing)運輸(shu)又成為“北貨(huo)南(nan)運”的(de)新(xin)模式，內貿(mao)(mao)、外貿(mao)(mao)以(yi)及網絡貿(mao)(mao)易的(de)交叉融合對于高層次、復(fu)合型的(de)一(yi)體化(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)類(lei)人才的(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)日益增多。在(zai)這(zhe)樣的(de)背景下，如何對經(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)類(lei)專業(ye)進行整合，如何改革創新(xin)傳(chuan)統的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)類(lei)人才培養模式以(yi)適(shi)應新(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟形(xing)勢、新(xin)技術、新(xin)業(ye)態以(yi)及新(xin)貿(mao)(mao)易模式的(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)，值得(de)我們(men)進一(yi)步的(de)思(si)考(kao)和(he)探(tan)索。

一(yi)、經貿類人(ren)才一(yi)體化培養模式的必要性

1.一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)模(mo)式(shi)是(shi)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長期教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育改革和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)劃綱要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)（2010—2020年(nian)(nian)）》指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、類(lei)型(xing)(xing)、層次結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，促進多學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科交叉和(he)(he)(he)融(rong)合(he)(he)；重點擴大應用型(xing)(xing)、復合(he)(he)型(xing)(xing)、技能型(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)規(gui)模(mo)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育部(bu)《關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若干意見(jian)》（高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)［2012］4號），也進一(yi)步(bu)強(qiang)調，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，創新(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)模(mo)式(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)質量(liang)。2012年(nian)(nian)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育部(bu)調整本(ben)科專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)目錄，將貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)與(yu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)同歸于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)”學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科門類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)與(yu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)類(lei)”專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，這體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施行(xing)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改革思路。因此，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育部(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)與(yu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)指(zhi)導委員會制定(ding)了《經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)與(yu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)類(lei)本(ben)科專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量(liang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)（2014）》，它明確(que)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)通曉(xiao)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)知識又(you)能掌握現(xian)(xian)(xian)代信(xin)息技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、復合(he)(he)型(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)才是(shi)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改革、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。2.全(quan)(quan)球價(jia)值(zhi)鏈與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嵌套融(rong)合(he)(he)急(ji)需一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)人(ren)(ren)才。改革開(kai)放以(yi)來(lai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)以(yi)加工(gong)(gong)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)參與(yu)全(quan)(quan)球價(jia)值(zhi)鏈分工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動密(mi)集型(xing)(xing)加工(gong)(gong)制造環(huan)節。這種分工(gong)(gong)模(mo)式(shi)在推動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)飛速(su)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，也使得中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)長期被(bei)鎖定(ding)在全(quan)(quan)球價(jia)值(zhi)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低附(fu)加值(zhi)環(huan)節，形成發(fa)(fa)(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)與(yu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心-外(wai)(wai)圍”格局(ju)。與(yu)此同時(shi)，在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)間(jian)存(cun)在著(zhu)另一(yi)種依附(fu)格局(ju)，即中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)東部(bu)沿海(hai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低附(fu)加值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代工(gong)(gong)環(huan)節，而中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)成為(wei)低端要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供應地(di)，最(zui)終形成了“發(fa)(fa)(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)←→中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)東部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)←→中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“食物(wu)鏈”。因此，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型(xing)(xing)升(sheng)級、縮小地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)差距，就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通過(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)延長國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈，使其與(yu)全(quan)(quan)球價(jia)值(zhi)鏈相(xiang)互(hu)嵌套融(rong)合(he)(he)，進而實現(xian)(xian)(xian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)間(jian)以(yi)及區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協同發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。在這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈重構(gou)與(yu)融(rong)合(he)(he)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，將需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大量(liang)既熟悉國(guo)(guo)(guo)際市場規(gui)則、掌握國(guo)(guo)(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)理論與(yu)實務(wu)，又(you)了解(jie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)與(yu)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)素質、復合(he)(he)型(xing)(xing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)人(ren)(ren)才。3.新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)對復合(he)(he)型(xing)(xing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)人(ren)(ren)才提(ti)出(chu)(chu)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。在全(quan)(quan)球經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)緩慢復蘇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)(mian)臨著(zhu)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場競(jing)爭和(he)(he)(he)信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)技術風暴(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊，貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)在不(bu)斷調整和(he)(he)(he)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)，跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)子商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)、市場采購(gou)等新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)正逐步(bu)成為(wei)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長點。截至(zhi)(zhi)2015年(nian)(nian)底，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)類(lei)跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)平臺企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已超過(guo)(guo)5000家(jia)(jia)，通過(guo)(guo)平臺開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)逾20萬家(jia)(jia)，跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)增(zeng)速(su)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達30%。2015年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)進出(chu)(chu)口額達5.4萬億元，有(you)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)預(yu)測，未來(lai)幾年(nian)(nian)跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)占中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)比例將提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)至(zhi)(zhi)20%，年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長速(su)度(du)超30%。此外(wai)(wai)，為(wei)了解(jie)決“北(bei)貨(huo)南運”問題，海(hai)關總署開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)內(nei)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)貨(huo)物(wu)跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)運輸(shu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)試點，支持東北(bei)省份的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)貨(huo)物(wu)借道國(guo)(guo)(guo)際水域(yu)進行(xing)運輸(shu)。這些(xie)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)意味(wei)著(zhu)，市場對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)人(ren)(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求不(bu)僅僅是(shi)懂得內(nei)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)、外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，還需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)網絡貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)與(yu)傳統貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)才。

二(er)、目(mu)前經(jing)貿類(lei)人(ren)才(cai)培養模式存在的問題

1.專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構紊(wen)亂，人才培(pei)養目(mu)標定位模(mo)糊(hu)。從(cong)內貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)、外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)、網(wang)(wang)絡貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度來(lai)說，經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)包括貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、國際(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)以及(ji)電(dian)子(zi)商務專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。由于(yu)(yu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)1997年(nian)(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)育部(bu)進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構調整(zheng)時被取(qu)消，至2012年(nian)(nian)才正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)回歸目(mu)錄內專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。因此，從(cong)全(quan)國范圍(wei)來(lai)看(kan)(kan)，開設(she)(she)(she)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)院(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多，2017年(nian)(nian)一(yi)共36所，開設(she)(she)(she)電(dian)子(zi)商務專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共400所院(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，開設(she)(she)(she)國際(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共588所。其中，3個(ge)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)都開設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)首都經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、北京工商大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、哈(ha)爾濱商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、安徽財經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、南(nan)(nan)京審(shen)計大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、南(nan)(nan)京財經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)21所院(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。從(cong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歸屬(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)系來(lai)看(kan)(kan)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)商學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子(zi)商務專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)信息技術學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)。由于(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)和建設(she)(she)(she)缺(que)乏(fa)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃，專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間存(cun)在(zai)(zai)“單(dan)打獨斗”“條(tiao)塊(kuai)分割(ge)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，因而大(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分院(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)對(dui)(dui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人才培(pei)養目(mu)標定位較(jiao)(jiao)模(mo)糊(hu)，是(shi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)型(xing)還(huan)是(shi)研究型(xing)，是(shi)通才型(xing)還(huan)是(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)才型(xing)，缺(que)乏(fa)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定義。2.專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)，難以滿足(zu)(zu)市(shi)場(chang)需求。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)，各高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)千差(cha)萬(wan)別，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過于(yu)(yu)“寬”，課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開設(she)(she)(she)龐(pang)雜(za)，針對(dui)(dui)性不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)強，專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)方(fang)向不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明顯。并且(qie)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)知(zhi)識(shi)陳舊，專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之間存(cun)在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重復(fu)性內容(rong)，純理(li)(li)(li)論課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)多、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)少等(deng)問(wen)(wen)題，人才培(pei)養與(yu)崗位實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)之間存(cun)在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)差(cha)距。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過于(yu)(yu)“專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)”，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懂內貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)，內貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懂外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)，內外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)對(dui)(dui)網(wang)(wang)絡貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)都一(yi)竅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通。比如，有(you)些(xie)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)過于(yu)(yu)偏重內貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)，培(pei)養出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生即(ji)使(shi)碰(peng)到外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會，卻因為(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懂國際(ji)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)運作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，缺(que)乏(fa)跨國供應(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)較(jiao)(jiao)好地管(guan)控國外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)產(chan)品(pin)市(shi)場(chang)，因而錯失良(liang)機。還(huan)有(you)些(xie)院(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)將傳統(tong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)電(dian)子(zi)商務專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)完全(quan)割(ge)離，經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)絲毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)涉(she)及(ji)電(dian)子(zi)商務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)，電(dian)子(zi)商務專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以計算機為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)而很(hen)少涉(she)及(ji)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)(li)(li)和實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)務。這造(zao)成(cheng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生缺(que)乏(fa)互聯網(wang)(wang)及(ji)物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)和技能(neng)(neng)(neng)，而電(dian)子(zi)商務專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)網(wang)(wang)絡經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)時代(dai)下出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態和新貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)背后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機理(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了解(jie)，無(wu)法(fa)對(dui)(dui)接市(shi)場(chang)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)型(xing)、應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)型(xing)、創新型(xing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人才的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。3.實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)薄弱(ruo)，校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)流(liu)(liu)于(yu)(yu)形式(shi)(shi)。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習和畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)論文的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撰寫(xie)。但是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)缺(que)乏(fa)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)型(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)師，往(wang)往(wang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)被壓(ya)縮，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)內容(rong)單(dan)一(yi)。一(yi)些(xie)院(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)對(dui)(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠重視(shi)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)資(zi)源匱乏(fa)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)條(tiao)件不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)(zu)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技能(neng)(neng)(neng)培(pei)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。比如，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)內實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)和校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)，校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)內實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室完成(cheng)，而經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室普遍(bian)缺(que)少仿真條(tiao)件與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境，即(ji)使(shi)個(ge)別課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)仿真度較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，但在(zai)(zai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層面來(lai)看(kan)(kan)，缺(que)乏(fa)整(zheng)體(ti)規劃，內外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)與(yu)網(wang)(wang)絡貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各自為(wei)陣，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)機結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)。在(zai)(zai)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)基地只是(shi)簽了份協議(yi)、掛了個(ge)牌，但缺(que)乏(fa)后(hou)續有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維護(hu)和管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)法(fa)，校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)名不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)副(fu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，造(zao)成(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生和社會、理(li)(li)(li)論和實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)脫節(jie)(jie)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)。有(you)些(xie)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)來(lai)解(jie)決經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)薄弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題，但是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)多數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)都流(liu)(liu)于(yu)(yu)形式(shi)(shi)，并未真正(zheng)發揮作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)采(cai)取(qu)到學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)做報告、講座的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，而學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)則是(shi)組織學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生到企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)參觀(guan)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習，校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)之間往(wang)往(wang)很(hen)難有(you)更深層次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

三(san)、復合(he)型經貿類人(ren)才一體化培養模(mo)式實踐：以南京審計(ji)大學為例

摘(zhai)要：我(wo)國自(zi)由貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)試驗區(qu)的(de)建立為跨境(jing)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)行(xing)業(ye)提(ti)供了更(geng)為寬(kuan)廣(guang)的(de)成長空間，探尋自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)的(de)發展對自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)跨境(jing)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)影(ying)響具有重要的(de)理(li)論意義(yi)和實(shi)踐意義(yi)。通過對自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)跨境(jing)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)發展研究(jiu)現狀(zhuang)和存在的(de)問題進行(xing)分析(xi)，總結我(wo)國自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)跨境(jing)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)發展所(suo)面臨(lin)的(de)機(ji)遇和挑戰，并從(cong)人才培(pei)養、交易(yi)新(xin)用、物流(liu)模(mo)式等提(ti)出建議，為自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)跨境(jing)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)健康可持(chi)續發展提(ti)供思路。

關(guan)鍵詞：跨境電商；自(zi)貿(mao)區；國際貿(mao)易；研究綜述；問(wen)題分析(xi)

跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商作為一(yi)種新型的(de)(de)(de)(de)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)新型業(ye)(ye)態，已然成為中(zhong)國(guo)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)口貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)點。2018年(nian)中(zhong)國(guo)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商交(jiao)易(yi)規模(mo)達9.1萬億元，同比增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)11.6%。從(cong)總體上(shang)看(kan)，我國(guo)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商交(jiao)易(yi)規模(mo)在(zai)逐年(nian)增(zeng)加，但(dan)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)速度(du)卻在(zai)放緩(huan)，跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商面臨新的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展機(ji)遇與挑戰。我國(guo)自(zi)由貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)試驗區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建立為跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商行(xing)業(ye)(ye)提供了更為寬廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)成長(chang)(chang)(chang)空(kong)間，探尋自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展對(dui)自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)區(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)具有(you)(you)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論意(yi)義(yi)和(he)實踐意(yi)義(yi)。鑒(jian)于此，本(ben)文(wen)(wen)(wen)對(dui)自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)區(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻進(jin)(jin)行(xing)歸納和(he)梳理(li)，并(bing)對(dui)其(qi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)現(xian)狀和(he)問題進(jin)(jin)行(xing)總結(jie)評價。筆者(zhe)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)知(zhi)網（CNKI）上(shang)對(dui)2008-2018年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)區(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)期(qi)(qi)刊論文(wen)(wen)(wen)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)查詢，結(jie)果(guo)顯示如下(xia)：（1）檢(jian)索(suo)項（主題），檢(jian)索(suo)詞（跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商），精確(que)查找，全(quan)(quan)部期(qi)(qi)刊共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)6800篇(pian)，其(qi)中(zhong)核心期(qi)(qi)刊共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)515篇(pian)；（2）檢(jian)索(suo)項（主題），檢(jian)索(suo)詞（自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)區(qu)），精確(que)查找，全(quan)(quan)部期(qi)(qi)刊共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)8315篇(pian)，其(qi)中(zhong)核心期(qi)(qi)刊共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)1337篇(pian)。（3）檢(jian)索(suo)項（主題），檢(jian)索(suo)詞（自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)區(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商），精確(que)查找，全(quan)(quan)部期(qi)(qi)刊共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)145篇(pian)，其(qi)中(zhong)核心期(qi)(qi)刊共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)14篇(pian)。可以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)，關于自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)區(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)少之(zhi)又少，本(ben)文(wen)(wen)(wen)將(jiang)梳理(li)以(yi)往研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)成果(guo)，對(dui)其(qi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)現(xian)狀和(he)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析評價。

一(yi)、研究的主(zhu)要(yao)情況(kuang)

由(you)(you)于(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)長，且自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)我國(guo)特有(you)，目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)外并沒(mei)有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)和(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，國(guo)內學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)們(men)(men)從(cong)(cong)不(bu)同角度(du)對(dui)其提出了自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)見(jian)(jian)(jian)解(jie)，主(zhu)(zhu)要集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)涉及自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現狀(zhuang)、存在問題、人才(cai)培養、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)路徑、物流模式(shi)等方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，本文(wen)通(tong)過對(dui)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)理論進(jin)(jin)行(xing)梳理，希望能夠為(wei)以(yi)(yi)后學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)提供便(bian)利。首先按(an)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)，從(cong)(cong)2008年(nian)開始(shi)搜索，發(fa)(fa)現該(gai)(gai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)從(cong)(cong)2014年(nian)才(cai)開始(shi)，2018年(nian)對(dui)該(gai)(gai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)關(guan)(guan)注度(du)達到(dao)高峰，但由(you)(you)于(yu)2013年(nian)我國(guo)首批自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)才(cai)獲準(zhun)成立，距(ju)今時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)長，相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)文(wen)獻(xian)數(shu)量不(bu)多（見(jian)(jian)(jian)圖1），但從(cong)(cong)目(mu)前(qian)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)注度(du)和(he)政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策制(zhi)度(du)來(lai)看，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)預測該(gai)(gai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛(qian)力極大。圖1自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)文(wen)獻(xian)數(shu)量趨(qu)勢第二，按(an)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)所屬區(qu)(qu)域分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)，目(mu)前(qian)，我國(guo)已(yi)有(you)18個(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)試驗區(qu)(qu)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)6個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)2019年(nian)新成立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，處(chu)于(yu)組織實施(shi)階段，缺乏相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)數(shu)據，學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)們(men)(men)對(dui)其研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)空白，因此關(guan)(guan)于(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)主(zhu)(zhu)要從(cong)(cong)2018年(nian)之前(qian)已(yi)經設(she)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)11個(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)展(zhan)開分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)。對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)知網(wang)已(yi)公開發(fa)(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)145篇(pian)(pian)(pian)期刊文(wen)獻(xian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整(zheng)理，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)關(guan)(guan)于(yu)上海(hai)(hai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)25篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，廣東19篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，天津6篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，福(fu)(fu)建48篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，浙(zhe)江10篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，河南10篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，四川(chuan)、遼(liao)寧、重慶、湖北、陜西(xi)等加起來(lai)20篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，其他(ta)綜(zong)合性文(wen)獻(xian)7篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，由(you)(you)此可(ke)見(jian)(jian)(jian)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)主(zhu)(zhu)要集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在福(fu)(fu)建自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)和(he)上海(hai)(hai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)，這個(ge)(ge)可(ke)能與自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)情況有(you)關(guan)(guan)，但由(you)(you)此也說明學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)存在片面(mian)化(hua)，沒(mei)有(you)結合各自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)從(cong)(cong)整(zheng)體開展(zhan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。第三(san)，從(cong)(cong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方法(fa)上進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)，學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)大多是(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用案例分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)理論思辨方法(fa)，主(zhu)(zhu)要集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)某個(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)情況為(wei)例進(jin)(jin)行(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，如以(yi)(yi)福(fu)(fu)建自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)、上海(hai)(hai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)例等等，從(cong)(cong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)電(dian)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)層面(mian)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)探索的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較少(shao)。

二、研(yan)究的(de)主要內容

摘要(yao)：在(zai)創(chuang)新創(chuang)業(ye)教育的(de)(de)(de)背景下，基(ji)于商務(wu)英語專業(ye)人才市場需求和人才供給分析，針對(dui)專業(ye)建設(she)及課程(cheng)設(she)置存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題，對(dui)商務(wu)英語專業(ye)定(ding)位進行策略(lve)研(yan)究(jiu)。地方應用型高校(xiao)商務(wu)英語專業(ye)需要(yao)設(she)立(li)以服務(wu)地方經(jing)濟為目(mu)標導(dao)向的(de)(de)(de)人才培養(yang)機制，圍繞國(guo)際(ji)(ji)貿易、國(guo)際(ji)(ji)金融(rong)、跨境電(dian)子商務(wu)、國(guo)際(ji)(ji)會計、國(guo)際(ji)(ji)商務(wu)等五個(ge)應用型學(xue)科(ke)方向確定(ding)商科(ke)內涵的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)較優勢定(ding)位。科(ke)學(xue)開設(she)創(chuang)新類及實踐(jian)實操課程(cheng)，多(duo)渠道培養(yang)復合(he)型師(shi)資(zi)隊伍，從而實現人才供給和市場需求結構配比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)契(qi)合(he)。

關鍵(jian)詞：廣東地方高校；商務英語(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)；專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)建設(she)；策略(lve)研究

如何定位商(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)英(ying)(ying)語專(zhuan)業(ye)中“商(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)”的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)涵和(he)外延是各(ge)地(di)方(fang)(fang)本(ben)科院校專(zhuan)業(ye)學(xue)科建(jian)設發展(zhan)亟待解決的(de)(de)課題。重(zhong)點大(da)學(xue)和(he)地(di)方(fang)(fang)普通本(ben)科院校商(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)英(ying)(ying)語專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)目(mu)標應(ying)有所差(cha)(cha)異，前者培(pei)養(yang)的(de)(de)是研究型人(ren)才(cai)，后者是應(ying)用型專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)。由于“商(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)”涉及(ji)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)、技能以及(ji)相(xiang)對應(ying)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)崗位范疇較廣，那么必然的(de)(de)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)英(ying)(ying)語“專(zhuan)”的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)涵差(cha)(cha)異建(jian)設將是地(di)方(fang)(fang)本(ben)科院校商(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)英(ying)(ying)語專(zhuan)業(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)中之(zhi)重(zhong)。在創(chuang)新創(chuang)業(ye)背景下，探討廣東地(di)方(fang)(fang)各(ge)本(ben)科院校在人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養(yang)模式(shi)和(he)學(xue)科建(jian)設方(fang)(fang)面面臨的(de)(de)問題和(he)挑戰，從而給出相(xiang)應(ying)策略，這具有理論意(yi)義和(he)現實意(yi)義。

1文獻綜述

商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是“外(wai)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)+商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”跨學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、交叉性(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，其(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)涉及語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、經(jing)濟(ji)、貿(mao)易(yi)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)、財(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、管(guan)理、法(fa)律和(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)化等(deng)諸多應(ying)用型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)型(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)。要(yao)(yao)想在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)短(duan)短(duan)四(si)年時(shi)間將上(shang)述(shu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)系(xi)(xi)統地(di)掌握并非易(yi)事。針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、交叉性(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)特點，許多學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)從(cong)(cong)(cong)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)設(she)(she)計(ji)、人(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)機(ji)(ji)制設(she)(she)置、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)定(ding)(ding)位等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)進行(xing)了(le)(le)探(tan)(tan)討和(he)(he)(he)實踐(jian)。平(ping)洪(hong)（2009）認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中加入商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)并沒有(you)恰當而清(qing)晰地(di)給出商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)位。商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)是英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)主干(gan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)主干(gan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夯實英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)聽說讀寫(xie)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)全英(ying)(ying)(ying)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)授(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)方(fang)(fang)式來完成商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)講授(shou)[1]。曾利沙（2010）就商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)差(cha)異性(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)位和(he)(he)(he)比(bi)較(jiao)優(you)勢(shi)特色(se)進行(xing)了(le)(le)論(lun)述(shu)。商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)應(ying)著重商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性(xing)(xing)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，譬如(ru)國內(nei)(nei)外(wai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)貿(mao)、財(cai)政(zheng)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理等(deng)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)狀及其(qi)(qi)熱點、前(qian)沿問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)討論(lun)與對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策性(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。教(jiao)師(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)做(zuo)好(hao)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)引導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，完善案(an)(an)例庫(ku)和(he)(he)(he)資源庫(ku)，如(ru)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)理論(lun)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)檔案(an)(an)及其(qi)(qi)關(guan)鍵詞、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)或專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)理論(lun)概念詞條等(deng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)彌補專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)材內(nei)(nei)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不足[2]。劉艷萍，鄧李肇（2010）從(cong)(cong)(cong)地(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)才(cai)需(xu)求(qiu)調(diao)查入手，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)本(ben)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習需(xu)求(qiu)調(diao)查，從(cong)(cong)(cong)辦(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)定(ding)(ding)位、師(shi)資隊(dui)伍、課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)實踐(jian)環節等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)將商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)目標定(ding)(ding)位為(wei)(wei)(wei)：培養(yang)應(ying)用型(xing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)才(cai)；學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)目標定(ding)(ding)位為(wei)(wei)(wei)“服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟(ji)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，加強(qiang)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交叉學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)”[3]。仲(zhong)偉(wei)合(he)(he)，張武保，何家寧(ning)（2015）提(ti)(ti)出商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)應(ying)遵(zun)循八項原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)：英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)綱原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)、增(zeng)值復合(he)(he)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)、中外(wai)兼顧(gu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)、知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)合(he)(he)一原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)、個(ge)(ge)性(xing)(xing)差(cha)異原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)、動(dong)態(tai)變化原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)、發(fa)(fa)展定(ding)(ding)向原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)。仲(zhong)偉(wei)合(he)(he)等(deng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)提(ti)(ti)出，商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)首先且(qie)必然(ran)要(yao)(yao)重點學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習中外(wai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)，進而要(yao)(yao)著重提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)自(zi)身直(zhi)接(jie)參與國際商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力[4]。李文(wen)(wen)輝(hui)（2015）參考了(le)(le)CDIO學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)解(jie)決方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，即(ji)構思(Conceive)、設(she)(she)計(ji)(Design)、實現(xian)(Imple-ment)和(he)(he)(he)運作(zuo)(Operate)，讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)主動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、實踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)間有(you)機(ji)(ji)聯系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)策略(lve)導(dao)向。進而將畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力分為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)、個(ge)(ge)人(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力、人(ren)際團隊(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力和(he)(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)統能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力四(si)個(ge)(ge)層(ceng)面(mian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)此構建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)基(ji)于CDIO的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)外(wai)貿(mao)人(ren)才(cai)培養(yang)機(ji)(ji)制。李文(wen)(wen)輝(hui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)哈爾濱金(jin)(jin)融(rong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例，針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特點，從(cong)(cong)(cong)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)群設(she)(she)計(ji)、教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式、教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)實訓、實習和(he)(he)(he)考核評(ping)估(gu)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)進行(xing)改革[5]。孫毅（2016）以(yi)(yi)(yi)西安外(wai)國語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例，探(tan)(tan)討了(le)(le)該校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)定(ding)(ding)位，將該校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)“商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”有(you)關(guan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展構建(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)三個(ge)(ge)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)群上(shang):(1)會計(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)群；(2)管(guan)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)群；(3)法(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)群[6]。相關(guan)文(wen)(wen)獻表明，目前(qian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于“商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)涵和(he)(he)(he)外(wai)延仍舊沒有(you)達成共識(shi)(shi)(shi)；關(guan)于英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)（能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力）和(he)(he)(he)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)（能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)，并沒有(you)統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范式或模板。而且(qie)，如(ru)何改革課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)群，以(yi)(yi)(yi)滿足當地(di)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)，目前(qian)尚缺乏這(zhe)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。本(ben)文(wen)(wen)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可持續發(fa)(fa)展首先要(yao)(yao)根植于地(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展特色(se)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)院校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異化優(you)勢(shi)和(he)(he)(he)特點。地(di)方(fang)(fang)應(ying)用型(xing)高校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)要(yao)(yao)樹立(li)(li)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟(ji)輸送相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)格人(ren)才(cai)。本(ben)文(wen)(wen)通過研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)廣東(dong)地(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟(ji)特色(se)，分析(xi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場需(xu)求(qiu)和(he)(he)(he)高校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)才(cai)供(gong)給配比(bi)狀況(kuang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)該專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)位策略(lve)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)一些(xie)思路(lu)和(he)(he)(he)參考。

2人(ren)才(cai)需求與供給的(de)結構分析

摘要：“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)(lu)”為(wei)我國跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電商(shang)帶來(lai)全(quan)新(xin)的(de)發展(zhan)機遇。從“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)(lu)”對跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電商(shang)發展(zhan)的(de)重(zhong)要意義入手，基于(yu)SWOT分析模型框(kuang)架指標，分析跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電商(shang)的(de)優(you)勢、短板、機遇及挑戰。基于(yu)此，通過構建網(wang)絡區(qu)域貿易平臺(tai)、促進跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電商(shang)國際協調、優(you)化(hua)跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電商(shang)信息系統三個(ge)維度，提出(chu)“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)(lu)”背景下，推動跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電商(shang)進一(yi)步發展(zhan)的(de)有(you)(you)效路(lu)(lu)徑，旨在為(wei)我國跨(kua)(kua)境(jing)電商(shang)將來(lai)的(de)發展(zhan)提供有(you)(you)利(li)參考。

關鍵詞：“一帶一路”；SWOT分(fen)析模型；跨境電(dian)商(shang)

2015年初(chu)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)改委聯合發(fa)表了(le)《促(cu)進(jin)共同建設(she)絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)經(jing)濟帶(dai)與(yu)海上(shang)絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)》，這預示著“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”發(fa)展戰(zhan)略(lve)規劃已全(quan)面(mian)進(jin)入實踐的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)階(jie)段。“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”是對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)歷史“絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”的(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)化延續(xu)與(yu)拓展，是我國(guo)(guo)(guo)及其(qi)沿線(xian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)多方機制與(yu)區域協作(zuo)相融合，主張和平、建設(she)經(jing)濟、文化交匯的(de)(de)(de)整體。實施(shi)“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”發(fa)展戰(zhan)略(lve)對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)以及周邊多國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)方位、深入性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)溝通發(fa)展，具有重要(yao)意義，充分(fen)展現全(quan)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)理想及美(mei)好愿望，是國(guo)(guo)(guo)際協作(zuo)及創新管理模(mo)式的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)探索。而(er)在“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”的(de)(de)(de)引領下，將來會實現覆蓋全(quan)世界60多個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)、近百個(ge)港口的(de)(de)(de)大規模(mo)經(jing)濟貿易系(xi)統(tong)建設(she)，促(cu)進(jin)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)跨境電(dian)商的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際化發(fa)展。

一、“一帶一路”背景下(xia)跨境(jing)電商SWOT分析(xi)

根(gen)據(ju)當(dang)(dang)前我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)形勢(shi)(shi)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)SWOT分(fen)(fen)(fen)析法，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別對(dui)(dui)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)(shi)(Strength)、短(duan)板(Weakness)、機遇(Opportunity)及(ji)(ji)挑(tiao)戰(Threat)展(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)詳(xiang)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探究(jiu)(jiu)，充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)掌(zhang)握我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)所處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，進(jin)(jin)而(er)為其(qi)(qi)(qi)發展(zhan)(zhan)提供(gong)(gong)正確方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)。(一(yi)(yi))跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)(shi)。1.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)系(xi)(xi)統日(ri)益(yi)穩定。當(dang)(dang)前，為跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)所提供(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)效服務(wu)平(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)阿里巴巴旗下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際務(wu)站、速(su)遞通(tong)，還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內知名度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)型網(wang)(wang)(wang)站，這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是綜合(he)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，能(neng)為系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提供(gong)(gong)更加(jia)(jia)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)且(qie)可(ke)以個性(xing)定制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咨詢類服務(wu)與幫助，有(you)(you)(you)效降(jiang)低有(you)(you)(you)關企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)經(jing)營過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)作風(feng)險(xian)、成(cheng)本風(feng)險(xian)及(ji)(ji)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)險(xian)，是我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅實(shi)后盾。2.政府給予(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)力支(zhi)持。根(gen)據(ju)海關總署的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)查研究(jiu)(jiu)報告顯示，2014年(nian)3—7月，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)總交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)額(e)為7.34萬(wan)億元，同比(bi)降(jiang)低了(le)5.6%，降(jiang)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅度(du)(du)就以往(wang)而(er)言上漲了(le)0.3個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)[1]。在(zai)過(guo)去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)趨勢(shi)(shi)日(ri)漸懈(xie)怠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先鋒(feng)軍不(bu)斷前進(jin)(jin)，發展(zhan)(zhan)態勢(shi)(shi)良好。2014年(nian)7月份(fen)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)連(lian)續(xu)《有(you)(you)(you)關大(da)(da)(da)(da)力發展(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)經(jing)濟新(xin)動能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培養意(yi)見》《有(you)(you)(you)關加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)競(jing)爭優勢(shi)(shi)培育指導意(yi)見》，為跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)發展(zhan)(zhan)提供(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策支(zhi)持。(二)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)板。首先，對(dui)(dui)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)物(wu)(wu)流系(xi)(xi)統來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，需要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)待進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)優化，在(zai)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)建設(she)上，許多方(fang)(fang)面(mian)還(huan)(huan)尚未完(wan)善，例(li)如，物(wu)(wu)流配送成(cheng)本較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)、物(wu)(wu)流風(feng)險(xian)控制系(xi)(xi)統缺失、倉儲管理(li)及(ji)(ji)設(she)施(shi)建設(she)不(bu)足、配送系(xi)(xi)統等(deng)(deng)基礎性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備未及(ji)(ji)時(shi)更新(xin)，整體(ti)物(wu)(wu)流信息化水平(ping)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低，這(zhe)些都是阻礙(ai)(ai)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)向(xiang)前發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現實(shi)短(duan)板問(wen)題(ti)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)，由(you)于(yu)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)臺交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊性(xing)，因(yin)(yin)而(er)決定其(qi)(qi)(qi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)存在(zai)制約性(xing)，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)頻次(ci)(ci)高(gao)、貨值低、種類雜等(deng)(deng)特(te)點(dian)，成(cheng)為海關過(guo)關效率(lv)(lv)下降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)。此外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)，對(dui)(dui)出(chu)口退稅(shui)(shui)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，通(tong)常只是面(mian)向(xiang)普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)模式(shi)(shi)，并(bing)且(qie)還(huan)(huan)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提交(jiao)(jiao)增(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發票及(ji)(ji)銀行賬(zhang)務(wu)流水詳(xiang)單，因(yin)(yin)而(er)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小額(e)訂(ding)(ding)單業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)無法納入退稅(shui)(shui)范圍中(zhong)，跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)建設(she)中(zhong)將會(hui)(hui)面(mian)臨(lin)退稅(shui)(shui)艱難(nan)、結匯受阻、監管困難(nan)等(deng)(deng)現象，嚴重阻礙(ai)(ai)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)持續(xu)發展(zhan)(zhan)。(三)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)新(xin)機遇。第(di)一(yi)(yi)，網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)越來(lai)越多，市場(chang)消費(fei)能(neng)力日(ri)益(yi)增(zeng)強(qiang)。根(gen)據(ju)金融媒體(ti)對(dui)(dui)市場(chang)調(diao)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)報告稱，全(quan)球網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)在(zai)2017年(nian)將會(hui)(hui)突破50億，并(bing)且(qie)，隨著全(quan)球網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐步(bu)增(zeng)長，網(wang)(wang)(wang)購(gou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)也隨之(zhi)不(bu)斷上升(sheng)，根(gen)據(ju)艾瑞咨詢分(fen)(fen)(fen)析整理(li)，世界各地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)購(gou)物(wu)(wu)市場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)總額(e)近年(nian)來(lai)呈現快(kuai)速(su)上升(sheng)趨勢(shi)(shi)，而(er)這(zhe)些均(jun)為我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續(xu)發展(zhan)(zhan)起到(dao)強(qiang)有(you)(you)(you)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)[2]。第(di)二，網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)計劃(hua)開(kai)啟，將建立“互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)+”實(shi)施(shi)規劃(hua)。目前，此規劃(hua)已被廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常生活中(zhong)，同時(shi)，傳(chuan)統貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)公司相(xiang)(xiang)繼開(kai)始選擇(ze)運(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)技術實(shi)現自身經(jing)營方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉型與升(sheng)級，客戶(hu)(hu)訂(ding)(ding)單也將從(cong)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量多且(qie)整體(ti)變為當(dang)(dang)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小量分(fen)(fen)(fen)散式(shi)(shi)，有(you)(you)(you)效促(cu)進(jin)(jin)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深入發展(zhan)(zhan)。(四(si))跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)新(xin)挑(tiao)戰。1.對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)受到(dao)沖擊。當(dang)(dang)前，貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)新(xin)興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護主(zhu)義浪潮(chao)影(ying)響巨大(da)(da)(da)(da)，許多貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)為了(le)強(qiang)化自身國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)及(ji)(ji)保護，開(kai)始運(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)提升(sheng)關稅(shui)(shui)壁壘(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，對(dui)(dui)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)實(shi)施(shi)調(diao)查。導致國(guo)(guo)(guo)內很多產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)受到(dao)牽連(lian)，加(jia)(jia)劇對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艱難(nan)情(qing)況。2.人民幣匯率(lv)(lv)影(ying)響。由(you)于(yu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)出(chu)口后價(jia)格(ge)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低，因(yin)(yin)而(er)，人民幣值得到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上升(sheng)。在(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)同價(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，價(jia)格(ge)偏(pian)高(gao)，降(jiang)低我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)出(chu)口產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際競(jing)爭力，對(dui)(dui)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帶來(lai)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)影(ying)響。3.交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)險(xian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)平(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)雖然便捷、高(gao)效，但(dan)同時(shi)由(you)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)虛(xu)擬性(xing)、廣(guang)泛性(xing)等(deng)(deng)特(te)點(dian)，讓跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)雙方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)間，因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)文化背景、法律體(ti)制、思想政治等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息不(bu)協調(diao)，加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)維權難(nan)度(du)(du)，存在(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)險(xian)。

二、“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”背(bei)景(jing)下推動跨(kua)境(jing)電商發展有效(xiao)路徑(jing)

［摘要］隨著(zhu)跨境電商、數字(zi)化貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)等(deng)新型(xing)(xing)(xing)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)形(xing)式的(de)不斷出現，同(tong)時，隨著(zhu)“一帶一路”、自(zi)貿(mao)(mao)區(qu)開放等(deng)國(guo)(guo)家新政策的(de)不斷實施，國(guo)(guo)際經濟與(yu)(yu)(yu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)環境已經發生了(le)重大改變，這為應(ying)用型(xing)(xing)(xing)本科(ke)(ke)(ke)高校國(guo)(guo)際經濟與(yu)(yu)(yu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)專業(ye)帶來(lai)了(le)顛(dian)覆性(xing)的(de)改變。國(guo)(guo)際經濟與(yu)(yu)(yu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)體系建(jian)設(she)存在很多問(wen)題，比如現在的(de)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)體系難以適應(ying)國(guo)(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)快(kuai)速發展(zhan)的(de)形(xing)勢等(deng)。因此(ci)，應(ying)用型(xing)(xing)(xing)本科(ke)(ke)(ke)高校國(guo)(guo)際經濟與(yu)(yu)(yu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)專業(ye)應(ying)培養學生的(de)知識、能力和素質，加(jia)快(kuai)新舊課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)融合，增(zeng)加(jia)創新創業(ye)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)，引進金融科(ke)(ke)(ke)技人(ren)才(cai)，構建(jian)新型(xing)(xing)(xing)互聯(lian)網(wang)教學平臺。

［關鍵(jian)詞］應用型本科高校;國際經濟與(yu)貿易;課程體(ti)系(xi)改革

國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)濟與(yu)貿(mao)易(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)在我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)開設(she)(she)已有40年的(de)(de)歷史，為(wei)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟貿(mao)易(yi)貢(gong)獻(xian)了大量(liang)人才(cai)，為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展做出(chu)了巨大貢(gong)獻(xian)。在我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)濟與(yu)貿(mao)易(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)課程經(jing)(jing)歷了幾次調整，從人才(cai)培養(yang)模(mo)式(shi)到教學內容(rong)及(ji)方法(fa)都(dou)在不(bu)斷適(shi)應(ying)時(shi)展的(de)(de)趨勢。［1］2008年以來，國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)濟局勢發(fa)生巨大變化，國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)濟貿(mao)易(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)課程建設(she)(she)和體系也出(chu)現了重(zhong)大調整，這對高(gao)校(xiao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)濟與(yu)貿(mao)易(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)人才(cai)培養(yang)提(ti)出(chu)了新(xin)要求(qiu)，也對國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)濟與(yu)貿(mao)易(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)畢業(ye)生應(ying)具備的(de)(de)能(neng)力提(ti)出(chu)了新(xin)要求(qiu)。［2］

一(yi)、國際經濟與(yu)貿易(yi)專業新形(xing)勢

2008年(nian)(nian)，全球金(jin)融危機(ji)爆發(fa)(fa)，國(guo)際金(jin)融秩序發(fa)(fa)生了(le)巨大變化。中(zhong)國(guo)通(tong)過G20、APEC、區(qu)(qu)域貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)協定等組(zu)織形(xing)(xing)式參與到國(guo)際貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)新的(de)合作與競爭中(zhong)，為中(zhong)國(guo)更快地融入(ru)國(guo)際市(shi)場做(zuo)好了(le)鋪墊。［3］“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”倡議是在(zai)2013年(nian)(nian)提出(chu)的(de)。2015年(nian)(nian)后，“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”從理論走向實際發(fa)(fa)展階段。2018年(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)國(guo)已經(jing)同(tong)122個(ge)國(guo)家及29個(ge)國(guo)際組(zu)織簽署了(le)合作文件(jian)，共(gong)同(tong)發(fa)(fa)展經(jing)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)往(wang)來(lai)。另外(wai)，我(wo)國(guo)通(tong)過自貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)的(de)形(xing)(xing)式不斷完善市(shi)場升級(ji)和市(shi)場開放。2013—2019年(nian)(nian)，我(wo)國(guo)建立了(le)18個(ge)自貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)，其中(zhong)12個(ge)自貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)區(qu)(qu)進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)總值占我(wo)國(guo)同(tong)期外(wai)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)總量的(de)10．97%。我(wo)國(guo)的(de)服(fu)務貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)額連續5年(nian)(nian)位居世(shi)界第2位。［4］同(tong)時(shi)，跨(kua)境電商、數字(zi)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)等新型貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)模式已經(jing)成為促進(jin)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)發(fa)(fa)展、提高貿(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)效率的(de)新途徑。

二、新型貿易環境催生新能力需(xu)求

我(wo)國(guo)(guo)服務貿易(yi)發展(zhan)的現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)與思路研(yan)(yan)究是(shi)小柯論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)網(wang)通過網(wang)絡搜集，并(bing)由本站工作人(ren)員整理后的，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)服務貿易(yi)發展(zhan)的現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)與思路研(yan)(yan)究是(shi)篇(pian)質量較高的學術(shu)(shu)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)，供(gong)本站訪問(wen)者(zhe)學習(xi)和學術(shu)(shu)交(jiao)流參(can)考之用，不可(ke)用于其他商業目的，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)服務貿易(yi)發展(zhan)的現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)與思路研(yan)(yan)究的論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)版(ban)權歸原(yuan)作者(zhe)所有，因網(wang)絡整理，有些文(wen)(wen)章作者(zhe)不詳，敬請(qing)(qing)諒解，如需轉摘，請(qing)(qing)注明出處小柯論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)網(wang)，如果此論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)無法滿足(zu)您的論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)要求，您可(ke)以申請(qing)(qing)本站幫您論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)，以下是(shi)正(zheng)文(wen)(wen)。

[摘要]當今，服(fu)(fu)務(wu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)以(yi)高(gao)于商品(pin)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)的速度增長(chang)，全(quan)球(qiu)經濟一(yi)體化發(fa)展和(he)競爭的重點也從(cong)(cong)商品(pin)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)轉向(xiang)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)。本文從(cong)(cong)國際(ji)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)的內涵(han)出發(fa)，結合我(wo)國服(fu)(fu)務(wu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)發(fa)展現狀，分析了(le)我(wo)國服(fu)(fu)務(wu)貿(mao)(mao)(mao)易(yi)存在(zai)的問(wen)題，并對(dui)此(ci)提出了(le)相應(ying)的對(dui)策建(jian)議(yi)。

[關鍵詞]服務貿易(yi)現狀(zhuang)問(wen)題發展思路(lu)

一、國際(ji)服務貿易的內(nei)涵(han)

隨(sui)著服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)在全(quan)(quan)球的崛起,1986年9月開(kai)始(shi)的關貿(mao)(mao)總(zong)協(xie)定(ding)(ding)(ding)烏拉圭(gui)回合談(tan)判(pan),首次將服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)列(lie)入談(tan)判(pan)議題,從而引發了(le)全(quan)(quan)球服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)研究大熱潮。此次談(tan)判(pan)的重要結果是(shi)產生了(le)《服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)總(zong)協(xie)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》,根據關貿(mao)(mao)總(zong)協(xie)定(ding)(ding)(ding)（GATT）1994年烏拉圭(gui)回合達成的《服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)總(zong)協(xie)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》（GATS），將服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)歸納為商(shang)業(ye)(ye)性服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、銷售服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、金融服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、娛樂(le)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、通(tong)訊服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、教育服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、衛生服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、運(yun)輸服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、建筑服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、環境服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、旅(lv)游服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)和其他服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)12大類(lei)。同(tong)時(shi)，根據GATS的定(ding)(ding)(ding)義(yi)，服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)有(you)以下四種方式：

1.過境(jing)交付（Cross-borderSupply）——指從(cong)一成員(yuan)國(guo)境(jing)內向任何(he)其他(ta)成員(yuan)國(guo)境(jing)內提供(gong)的(de)服務。

摘(zhai)要:新文科(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)理(li)念(nian)(nian)對跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電商人才(cai)培養(yang)與產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合(he)提出了新的(de)(de)(de)要求。本文以杭州(zhou)師范大學錢(qian)江學院為例，探索(suo)了四年一貫制、全(quan)方位的(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電商產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合(he)新模式。實(shi)踐(jian)表明，跨(kua)境(jing)(jing)電商專業(ye)深化(hua)產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合(he)，需在(zai)(zai)認知(zhi)層(ceng)面秉持一致的(de)(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)理(li)念(nian)(nian)，需在(zai)(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)層(ceng)面構建(jian)(jian)多層(ceng)次(ci)遞進式的(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)培養(yang)體系，需在(zai)(zai)發展層(ceng)面拓寬合(he)作(zuo)領域。同(tong)時，需建(jian)(jian)立長效合(he)作(zuo)機制，包括利益共享機制、項目運行機制及協議(yi)約束機制。

關鍵(jian)詞:新文科；跨境電(dian)商；產教融合(he)；人才培養(yang)；合(he)作機制

跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)作為國際貿(mao)易新(xin)(xin)業態，成為我國穩外貿(mao)促轉(zhuan)型的(de)(de)(de)重要抓手與(yu)新(xin)(xin)引(yin)(yin)擎。跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)快速(su)發(fa)展催生了社會對該(gai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業人才的(de)(de)(de)旺盛需(xu)求，教(jiao)育部先后在(zai)中職、高職、本科(ke)(ke)增設(she)跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業，以破(po)解人才短缺的(de)(de)(de)困(kun)境。跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)是(shi)一個應用性很強的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)興專(zhuan)(zhuan)業，走產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合之路是(shi)該(gai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業建(jian)(jian)設(she)和(he)人才培養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)必然選擇(ze)。在(zai)新(xin)(xin)文科(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)理(li)念的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)(yin)領下(xia)，產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合被賦予新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)內涵和(he)使命(ming)，跨(kua)境電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業如何深化產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合成為學界關注的(de)(de)(de)熱點(dian)。

1跨(kua)境電(dian)商專業深化(hua)產教融合的(de)時(shi)代背景及意義

1.1新文(wen)科(ke)建設是當前高(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)育高(gao)質量(liang)發展的基石(shi)

2018年(nian)8月，中共中央發(fa)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)提出“高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)育要(yao)努力(li)發(fa)展新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)工科(ke)(ke)(ke)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)醫科(ke)(ke)(ke)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)”(簡稱“四新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)”建(jian)(jian)設)，正(zheng)式提出“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)”概(gai)念。2020年(nian)11月，在山東(dong)召開(kai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設工作會議(yi)，發(fa)布了“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設宣言”，對(dui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設作出了全面(mian)部(bu)署。教(jiao)育部(bu)高(gao)(gao)等教(jiao)育司司長吳巖指(zhi)出，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設是新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)中國(guo)(guo)特色哲學(xue)社會科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)發(fa)展的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)要(yao)求，將對(dui)傳統文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)進行(xing)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)重(zhong)組，促(cu)進多學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)交叉(cha)與深度融合。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設對(dui)推(tui)動(dong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)教(jiao)育創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)展、培養(yang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)科(ke)(ke)(ke)人才、提高(gao)(gao)國(guo)(guo)家文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)軟實力(li)具有重(zhong)要(yao)意義。