摘要(yao)：本(ben)文(wen)總結(jie)了當前地(di)鐵車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)設計中(zhong)的(de)一些缺(que)點和(he)(he)問題。如，地(di)鐵的(de)使用(yong)期為100年，車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)客流量按建成后第25年預測(ce)，存在著巨大時空差(cha)距(ju)。站(zhan)(zhan)臺(tai)上設2組樓扶梯，不(bu)利于乘(cheng)客疏散和(he)(he)防災。殘(can)疾人電梯不(bu)能直(zhi)達地(di)面，殘(can)疾人進出(chu)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)問題并沒有解決。實踐證明高(gao)架側式站(zhan)(zhan)臺(tai)的(de)使用(yong)效果不(bu)好。雙島4線車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)只方(fang)(fang)便(bian)同(tong)(tong)站(zhan)(zhan)臺(tai)同(tong)(tong)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)換(huan)乘(cheng)，反方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)換(huan)乘(cheng)不(bu)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)。單島4線車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)對(dui)同(tong)(tong)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)和(he)(he)反方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)換(huan)乘(cheng)都很方(fang)(fang)便(bian)。由兩(liang)個車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)進行組合換(huan)乘(cheng)，工程代價太高(gao)，應該(gai)慎(shen)重使用(yong)。

Abstract:Thisarticlesummarizestheshortcomingsandthequestionsinthedesignofthecurrentsubwaystation.Forexample,thelifetimeofthesubwayis100years,butthecapacityofthestationpassengerisforecastedafterthesubwaystationhasbeenbuiltfor25years.Ithasthehugespaceandtimedisparitybetweenthem.Intheplatform,thereare2groupsofbuildingsstaircaseswithahandrail,itisdisadvantageousforthepassengerstodisperseandtakemeasuresagainstdisasters.Theelevatorofthedisabledpersoncannotgotothegrounddirectly,thequestionofthedisabledpersonpassinginandoutthestationisstillnotsolved.Thepracticeprovesthattheeffectofthehighstructuresidetypeplatformisnotgood.Thestationofdouble-island4linesonlyconvenientforthesamedirectioninterchange,thereverseddirectioninterchangeisnotfacilitated.Thestationofthesingle-island4linesisconvenientforthesamedirectioninterchangeandthereverseddirectioninterchange.Carryingonthecombinationbytwostationstotraderides,theconstructioncostoftheprojectistoohigh,shouldbeprudentlyused.

關鍵詞：使用期，預測客流，站(zhan)臺寬(kuan)度(du)，殘(can)疾(ji)人電梯，同站(zhan)臺換(huan)乘。

Keywords:Thelifetimeofuse,forecastthepassengerflow,thewidthoftheplatform,theelevatorforthedisabledperson,interchangebetweenthesameplatform

一前言

新開(kai)(kai)通的(de)(de)(de)北京(jing)(jing)地鐵五號(hao)線，以嶄(zhan)新的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)貌呈現在(zai)市民面(mian)前，使北京(jing)(jing)地鐵的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設又上了(le)一個(ge)新臺階。地鐵五號(hao)線集中了(le)當代地鐵建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)新成就，車(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術水平和(he)舒適度(du)大大提高，車(che)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子服(fu)務(wu)設施齊全，能(neng)為(wei)乘客(ke)(ke)提供多(duo)種乘車(che)信息，方便市民出(chu)行。新型(xing)站(zhan)臺安全門的(de)(de)(de)使用，確(que)保(bao)乘客(ke)(ke)安全乘車(che)，廣大乘客(ke)(ke)贊不絕(jue)口(kou)。地鐵五號(hao)線開(kai)(kai)通僅一個(ge)多(duo)月(yue)，日客(ke)(ke)運量(liang)已達到47萬人次，對緩解北京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)市交通緊張狀(zhuang)況起了(le)重要作(zuo)用。

1地鐵車站廢(fei)水系統(tong)設(she)計(ji)

 車站內廢水(shui)收集和排放流程如下(xia):各類廢水(shui)→排水(shui)地(di)漏(lou)→軌道排水(shui)明(ming)溝→主廢水(shui)泵站→壓力檢查井→市政污水(shui)系統。

集.1各類廢水量設計計算(suan)標準

車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)沖洗(xi)水(shui)排水(shui)量為4Lm/2次,計(ji)(ji)算面(mian)積為站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)廳站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)臺(tai)層公共區域,一日(ri)一次,每次按1h計(ji)(ji)算;結構(gou)滲漏水(shui)通(tong)常(chang)設計(ji)(ji)標(biao)準為1Lm/2日(ri),計(ji)(ji)算面(mian)積為車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)內表面(mian)積;消(xiao)防廢水(shui)按一次消(xiao)防水(shui)量100%計(ji)(ji)算。

1.2排水(shui)地漏的布置

車(che)站(zhan)各類(lei)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)均由設(she)在站(zhan)臺(tai)層(ceng)(ceng)、站(zhan)廳(ting)層(ceng)(ceng)和有用水(shui)(shui)點的房(fang)間(jian)內的地漏(lou)(lou)收集,通過排(pai)水(shui)(shui)立管排(pai)放(fang)至軌道(dao)兩側的排(pai)水(shui)(shui)明(ming)溝內。站(zhan)廳(ting)層(ceng)(ceng)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)地漏(lou)(lou)設(she)在車(che)站(zhan)主體內側排(pai)水(shui)(shui)淺溝內,相互(hu)間(jian)隔約40m,此外車(che)站(zhan)出(chu)入(ru)口(kou)進站(zhan)處應設(she)置截水(shui)(shui)溝和排(pai)水(shui)(shui)地漏(lou)(lou);環控機房(fang)、保潔間(jian)、污(wu)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)房(fang)、廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)房(fang)、茶水(shui)(shui)間(jian)等(deng)有給水(shui)(shui)點的房(fang)間(jian)也應設(she)置地漏(lou)(lou)。站(zhan)臺(tai)層(ceng)(ceng)地漏(lou)(lou)主要排(pai)放(fang)公共區沖洗(xi)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui),與站(zhan)臺(tai)邊緣相距(ju)2.5m以上。對于各類(lei)風(feng)(feng)道(dao)進入(ru)車(che)站(zhan)主體處的地漏(lou)(lou)設(she)置,《地鐵設(she)計規范》中并無明(ming)確(que)規定,筆者(zhe)認(ren)為要避免不同類(lei)型風(feng)(feng)道(dao)因排(pai)水(shui)(shui)淺溝連通而造成的相互(hu)干擾,每個風(feng)(feng)道(dao)入(ru)口(kou)處均應設(she)置排(pai)水(shui)(shui)地漏(lou)(lou),不同風(feng)(feng)道(dao)不能共用排(pai)水(shui)(shui)地漏(lou)(lou),如圖1所示。

摘要(yao)：近幾年，我國城市(shi)交通得到了快速發展，許多(duo)城市(shi)都修建了地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)。地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)結構設(she)計(ji)是一項復(fu)雜的(de)工(gong)作，具體設(she)計(ji)對(dui)技術(shu)的(de)要(yao)求含量較(jiao)高(gao)，因此(ci)，對(dui)設(she)計(ji)單位的(de)專(zhuan)業性也有(you)著較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)要(yao)求。在地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)結構設(she)計(ji)期間，應合(he)理應用(yong)BIM技術(shu)，充分發揮(hui)其作用(yong)，從而降低地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)結構設(she)計(ji)難(nan)度，使地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)結構設(she)計(ji)變得更加簡單，能夠更好的(de)完成(cheng)相應的(de)設(she)計(ji)工(gong)作，為(wei)后續施工(gong)工(gong)作的(de)順利進行打下(xia)一個(ge)堅實的(de)基(ji)礎。

關鍵詞：BIM技術(shu)；地鐵車(che)站；結構設(she)計(ji)；工(gong)程質量

地(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)結構設(she)計(ji)(ji)涉及內容(rong)較多，在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)設(she)計(ji)(ji)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，合(he)理的(de)應(ying)用BIM技術，能(neng)夠提高設(she)計(ji)(ji)效果(guo)，使地(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)質量能(neng)夠得到進(jin)一步提高，滿足應(ying)用需(xu)求。但是，因為(wei)地(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)下，屬(shu)于一種隱(yin)蔽工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，因此，設(she)計(ji)(ji)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)可能(neng)會面臨許多問(wen)題，設(she)計(ji)(ji)時要充分(fen)結合(he)實際(ji)情(qing)況，做好相應(ying)的(de)分(fen)析工(gong)作(zuo)，確保最終設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)合(he)理性，提高地(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)整體質量。

1地(di)鐵車站結(jie)構(gou)設計中應用BIM技術的作用

將(jiang)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)到(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)結(jie)構設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中是技(ji)(ji)術(shu)不(bu)斷(duan)向(xiang)前發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項必要趨勢。我國土地(di)(di)遼(liao)闊(kuo)，不(bu)同(tong)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)也會有(you)(you)所不(bu)同(tong)，不(bu)同(tong)區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式差別較(jiao)大(da)(da)，但是從(cong)總體(ti)情(qing)況來看，所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)大(da)(da)規模(mo)(mo)都較(jiao)大(da)(da)，并且結(jie)構也十(shi)分復(fu)雜，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起來難(nan)(nan)度較(jiao)大(da)(da)[1]。設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員在(zai)進行地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)期間(jian)，經常需要面臨龐大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)構設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)功任務(wu)，工(gong)(gong)作任務(wu)量(liang)大(da)(da)，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)難(nan)(nan)度大(da)(da)，在(zai)該過(guo)程中，僅依(yi)靠簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)二維圖紙構思，顯然難(nan)(nan)以(yi)完成相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作，在(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)期間(jian)，通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)，完成相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)模(mo)(mo)工(gong)(gong)作，進而(er)使(shi)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)控制可(ke)(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)可(ke)(ke)視化，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)完成相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作，保證(zheng)最(zui)終(zhong)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿足(zu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)需求。地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)結(jie)構設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程中涉及(ji)環節較(jiao)多，經常會與(yu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)具有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)聯系，在(zai)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構模(mo)(mo)型在(zai)實(shi)際應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)期間(jian)具有(you)(you)實(shi)時更新功能(neng)(neng)，因此(ci)，不(bu)同(tong)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員在(zai)進行設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作期間(jian)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)相互(hu)交流，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)模(mo)(mo)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)改、調(diao)整、存(cun)儲[2]。此(ci)外，通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員利用(yong)軟(ruan)件(jian)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)完成對(dui)碰撞情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)檢測，從(cong)而(er)降低工(gong)(gong)程具體(ti)建(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)程中，施工(gong)(gong)場地(di)(di)中各種(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)終(zhong)質量(liang)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)得(de)到(dao)(dao)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步提升。

2BIM技(ji)術具有(you)的特點(dian)

摘要(yao)(yao)(yao)：臨近既(ji)有(you)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的地(di)(di)下空間開發日益增多(duo)，采用合理有(you)效的深基(ji)坑支(zhi)護設(she)(she)計方案(an)，對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)結(jie)構的保護尤(you)為重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。以杭州某工程為依托，對(dui)(dui)雙側(ce)緊鄰地(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的基(ji)坑，采取(qu)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)兩(liang)側(ce)對(dui)(dui)稱卸土，利用地(di)(di)鐵(tie)圍(wei)護結(jie)構設(she)(she)計支(zhi)撐(cheng)，基(ji)坑分塊開挖等設(she)(she)計手段(duan)，采用啟明星(xing)計算軟件(jian)并利用Plaxis有(you)限元(yuan)軟件(jian)進行(xing)數值模報，結(jie)果表明文中采取(qu)的設(she)(she)計方案(an)可有(you)效控制地(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)變形，滿足對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保護的要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。

關鍵詞：地下空間；深基坑；地鐵車站保護；雙側；數值分析

近(jin)年來，隨著我國(guo)(guo)經濟的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速發展和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)市化進(jin)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)加快，城(cheng)(cheng)市軌道交通(tong)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)市地(di)下軌道交通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)深(shen)人(ren)推進(jin)，深(shen)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)緊(jin)鄰地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)日益(yi)增多(duo)［＞3］。緊(jin)臨(lin)既有地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)施工必定(ding)(ding)會對(dui)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)結(jie)(jie)構產生(sheng)影(ying)(ying)響，如何將影(ying)(ying)響控制在(zai)安全范圍(wei)內，保證地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)正常運營，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)支(zhi)護設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)中之重(zhong)。目(mu)前國(guo)(guo)內對(dui)緊(jin)臨(lin)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)案(an)例(li)多(duo)集中在(zai)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)單側(ce)(ce)。任亞亮針對(dui)相鄰深(shen)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)開(kai)挖(wa)存在(zai)交叉工況(kuang)(kuang)問題，采用有限元數(shu)值(zhi)模(mo)(mo)擬，得出受影(ying)(ying)響車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)圍(wei)護立(li)柱樁差異變形(xing)，驗證了設(she)計(ji)(ji)附加措施的(de)(de)(de)有效性［4］。李陽(yang)在(zai)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中采用剛度較大的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)護體系和(he)遵(zun)循時空效應原理的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖(wa)工況(kuang)(kuang)，運用有限元計(ji)(ji)算軟件模(mo)(mo)擬基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)開(kai)挖(wa)各(ge)個階段，分(fen)析(xi)了各(ge)工況(kuang)(kuang)下結(jie)(jie)構和(he)區(qu)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)［5］。學(xue)者們采用土(tu)(tu)體加固、分(fen)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)開(kai)挖(wa)和(he)不同土(tu)(tu)體卸載方式等(deng)手段，減小基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)開(kai)挖(wa)對(dui)既有地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響。但對(dui)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)雙側(ce)(ce)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)同時施工的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)案(an)例(li)較為(wei)(wei)(wei)少見。因此，本文以杭州某(mou)地(di)下空間(jian)開(kai)發工程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)依(yi)托，對(dui)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)雙側(ce)(ce)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)進(jin)行設(she)計(ji)(ji)和(he)分(fen)析(xi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)今后類似工程(cheng)提供一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)參考。

1概述

1．1工程概況

本工程分為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)獨立(li)地(di)(di)(di)下空間H地(di)(di)(di)塊和(he)E地(di)(di)(di)塊，均(jun)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)下2層(ceng)停車庫并(bing)兼顧人防(fang)。整平地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)標高5．0m，H地(di)(di)(di)塊總(zong)建筑面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)21040．76m2，基(ji)坑坑底標高為(wei)(wei)－6．3m，挖深11．3m，呈不規(gui)則梯形(xing)，周長為(wei)(wei)321．7m，面(mian)積約(yue)6240m2。E地(di)(di)(di)塊總(zong)建筑面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)11407．42m2，基(ji)坑坑底標高－6．41：1，挖深11．4111，呈不規(gui)則梯形(xing)，周長334．3111，面(mian)積約(yue)7051m2。兩(liang)地(di)(di)(di)塊周邊整體處于(yu)待(dai)開發狀態，地(di)(di)(di)下市政管(guan)線均(jun)已(yi)遷改。H地(di)(di)(di)塊東側和(he)E地(di)(di)(di)塊西側緊鄰已(yi)建地(di)(di)(di)鐵車站，車站圍(wei)護形(xing)式(shi)采(cai)用800mm地(di)(di)(di)連墻（墻頂標高為(wei)(wei)4．500m，墻底標高為(wei)(wei)－25．000m），內(nei)襯墻厚度為(wei)(wei)700mm，已(yi)施工完成但未運營。周邊環(huan)(huan)境總(zong)平面(mian)圖如(ru)圖1所示(shi)。圖1環(huan)(huan)境平面(mian)圖

摘(zhai)要：為確保施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，采(cai)(cai)用層次分(fen)析法(fa)（AHP）對南昌軌(gui)道交通(tong)3號線(xian)岱山站基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)深基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)資料和(he)相關經驗基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)建立施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)安(an)全(quan)(quan)指標(biao)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)體系(xi)，通(tong)過專家打分(fen)構造出風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)判斷矩陣(zhen)，然(ran)后計算出各風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因素的權(quan)重并確定(ding)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)等級，根據風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估結果(guo)采(cai)(cai)取風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)控制措施(shi)(shi)，為深基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)防控提(ti)供保障。

關鍵(jian)詞：地鐵車站；深基坑；層次(ci)分析(xi)法；施工(gong)風險(xian)評(ping)估

在地(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)站(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，深(shen)(shen)(shen)基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)易出(chu)(chu)現地(di)(di)(di)(di)面坍塌、基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)圍護結構失穩、管(guan)線(xian)變形以及周邊建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物沉降過(guo)大(da)等(deng)現象(xiang)。相應的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)和風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以保證(zheng)整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)安(an)全性(xing)，還可(ke)以提高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率。目前，國(guo)內外(wai)學者對(dui)(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)站(zhan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)土(tu)方(fang)(fang)開挖的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)做了大(da)量研究。郭健等(deng)[1]采用(yong)梯(ti)形隸(li)屬函數計算風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)事件的(de)(de)隸(li)屬度，運(yun)用(yong)模(mo)糊綜(zong)合評價(jia)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)進(jin)行(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評估(gu)(gu)，確定施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)級(ji)。姚海(hai)星等(deng)[2]采用(yong)作業條件危險(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)評價(jia)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)－模(mo)糊層次(ci)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)站(zhan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)進(jin)行(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評估(gu)(gu)。宋博等(deng)[3]提出(chu)(chu)一(yi)種基(ji)于數據包(bao)絡(luo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（DEA）-反向傳播(bo)（BP）神經網絡(luo)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)站(zhan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全評價(jia)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，從人員、設備、環境(jing)、管(guan)理(li)、技(ji)術5個方(fang)(fang)面，系(xi)(xi)統地(di)(di)(di)(di)構建(jian)(jian)安(an)全評價(jia)指標(biao)(biao)體系(xi)(xi)，然后(hou)利用(yong)DEA計算指標(biao)(biao)權(quan)重(zhong)，運(yun)用(yong)BP神經網絡(luo)評價(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)站(zhan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全等(deng)級(ji)。層次(ci)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是一(yi)種層次(ci)化、系(xi)(xi)統化的(de)(de)評價(jia)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，通過(guo)在項目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中建(jian)(jian)立各層次(ci)結構模(mo)型來揭示潛在風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)素(su)(su)對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全的(de)(de)影響(xiang)程(cheng)(cheng)度，以達(da)到對(dui)(dui)(dui)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)精準控(kong)制[4]。基(ji)于上述研究，本文以南(nan)昌(chang)軌道交通3號線(xian)岱山(shan)站(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)為依托，構建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)指標(biao)(biao)評價(jia)體系(xi)(xi)，并運(yun)用(yong)層次(ci)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（AHP）對(dui)(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)站(zhan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評估(gu)(gu)，計算出(chu)(chu)各風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)素(su)(su)權(quan)重(zhong)，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評估(gu)(gu)結果(guo)提出(chu)(chu)相應的(de)(de)管(guan)控(kong)措施(shi)(shi)。

1工程概況

岱山(shan)站(zhan)(zhan)位于南(nan)(nan)昌市南(nan)(nan)昌縣(xian)蓮塘鎮(zhen)迎(ying)賓北大道(dao)(dao)與(yu)(yu)陽光(guang)路交(jiao)匯處，沿迎(ying)賓北大道(dao)(dao)呈南(nan)(nan)北方向(xiang)布(bu)置，周(zhou)邊建筑較多且功(gong)能多樣，車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)東側重要(yao)建筑物為(wei)(wei)酒店及造幣廠，西側為(wei)(wei)賓館、民房、飯(fan)店等(deng)建筑。車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)及周(zhou)邊管線(xian)(xian)多，管線(xian)(xian)多為(wei)(wei)沿車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)南(nan)(nan)北走向(xiang)，車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)部存在橫跨(kua)基(ji)(ji)坑強電(dian)(dian)、弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)、燃氣管線(xian)(xian)各一組；管線(xian)(xian)種類包括：強電(dian)(dian)、弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)、燃氣、雨污(wu)水(shui)、供(gong)水(shui)等(deng)。車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)基(ji)(ji)坑采用(yong)明挖順筑法施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)(wei)標準地(di)下兩層(ceng)(ceng)島式車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)，有效站(zhan)(zhan)臺長118m，寬11m。車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)地(di)質(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構如圖1，由上至下穿(chuan)越填(tian)(tian)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)、粉(fen)質(zhi)黏土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)、中(zhong)(zhong)砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)、粗砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)、礫砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)，主體結(jie)(jie)構底部坐落于礫砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)。圍護(hu)結(jie)(jie)構鉆孔灌注樁坐落于中(zhong)(zhong)風化泥質(zhi)粉(fen)砂(sha)巖(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)內，入巖(yan)深度(du)1.2~3.3m不等(deng)，車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)開挖深度(du)16.5~17.5m。由圖2可(ke)知，對岱山(shan)站(zhan)(zhan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程存在風險(xian)(xian)以及周(zhou)邊環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)存在的風險(xian)(xian)進行認真辨識(shi)，從環(huan)境、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)以及自然(ran)三個(ge)方面共識(shi)別出風險(xian)(xian)源11個(ge)，其中(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)境因(yin)素(su)為(wei)(wei)A1，周(zhou)邊建筑物、周(zhou)邊管線(xian)(xian)和周(zhou)邊道(dao)(dao)路情況(kuang)分別為(wei)(wei)A11、A12、A13；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)素(su)為(wei)(wei)A2，地(di)基(ji)(ji)處理及降排水(shui)、圍護(hu)結(jie)(jie)構施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、基(ji)(ji)坑開挖與(yu)(yu)回填(tian)(tian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程防(fang)水(shui)、內部結(jie)(jie)構施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和吊裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)程分別為(wei)(wei)A21~A26，自然(ran)因(yin)素(su)為(wei)(wei)A3，自然(ran)風險(xian)(xian)因(yin)素(su)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員因(yin)素(su)分別為(wei)(wei)A31、A32。

2構造判斷矩陣

摘要：文章以地鐵的(de)(de)地面車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑設計的(de)(de)各個環節為(wei)研(yan)究對(dui)象，對(dui)設計過程進行了深(shen)入細致的(de)(de)分析，有(you)獨到的(de)(de)見解和創新構思，對(dui)地鐵建(jian)設項目有(you)很好(hao)的(de)(de)參考作用，值得(de)地鐵地面車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)設計單位和設計師學習。

關(guan)鍵詞：建筑設計；地鐵地面車站；操作技(ji)術；研究探討

在(zai)(zai)解決城(cheng)市交通擁擠，提(ti)高人們(men)出行服(fu)務能力方(fang)面，地(di)鐵(tie)發揮(hui)了(le)較強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)優勢和作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，因而，在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)和在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)城(cheng)市不斷增多。據悉2012年以來(lai)，石(shi)家莊、秦皇島、蘭(lan)州等城(cheng)市紛紛把城(cheng)市地(di)鐵(tie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目列入年度計(ji)劃(hua)，今(jin)年春節(jie)石(shi)家莊的(de)(de)(de)地(di)鐵(tie)1號線已經(jing)開通運(yun)行，投(tou)入使用(yong)(yong)。為了(le)提(ti)高地(di)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)效能，方(fang)面顧客(ke)乘行，對地(di)面車(che)站的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)要(yao)(yao)進行科學的(de)(de)(de)研究，使其強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)“方(fang)便(bian)和服(fu)務”的(de)(de)(de)功能。地(di)鐵(tie)地(di)面車(che)站的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)是一項(xiang)系統(tong)性很強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮地(di)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行狀(zhuang)況影(ying)響，要(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮到乘客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)便(bian)周到，還要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮到建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物對城(cheng)市周圍環境的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，在(zai)(zai)環保(bao)、能源、市政基礎(chu)設(she)施共享(xiang)程(cheng)(cheng)度等多方(fang)面需(xu)要(yao)(yao)進行周密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)勘察和科學的(de)(de)(de)構思，從提(ti)出嚴謹的(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)方(fang)案。

1構成地(di)面車站建筑設(she)計(ji)的主要因素

1.1地鐵(tie)地面(mian)站位的具體選址

在設計(ji)過(guo)程中，要(yao)做好的首要(yao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，就(jiu)(jiu)是搞(gao)好站位(wei)(wei)選(xuan)址。站位(wei)(wei)選(xuan)址要(yao)通過(guo)人工(gong)(gong)勘察和衛星掃描，對(dui)站位(wei)(wei)選(xuan)址要(yao)結合(he)城市(shi)的長(chang)遠規(gui)劃，對(dui)地形地貌、能源供(gong)應(ying)、環境影響、客(ke)流狀況(kuang)，就(jiu)(jiu)行(xing)充分(fen)的了解和估計(ji)。

社會的(de)(de)(de)發展影響著(zhu)不同時期城市(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)裝心(xin)理(li)和方(fang)式(shi)，對一個時期服(fu)(fu)裝特(te)征的(de)(de)(de)流行(xing)(xing)與(yu)變化也有一定的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)導作(zuo)用。職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)裝是(shi)城市(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)一個標(biao)志，同時也是(shi)企業(ye)(ye)文化的(de)(de)(de)一種體現，代表了地(di)(di)鐵(tie)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)形象(xiang)和企業(ye)(ye)文化。每種職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)裝與(yu)其(qi)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)特(te)點密(mi)不可(ke)分(fen)，城市(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)中最常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)套裝是(shi)西裝，與(yu)其(qi)他行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)裝有較大區別。從某種意義上(shang)(shang)說，城市(shi)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)飾(shi)所傳達的(de)(de)(de)信息與(yu)內涵無不體現著(zhu)這個行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)文化修養和審美情趣。作(zuo)為我國的(de)(de)(de)“老(lao)牌地(di)(di)鐵(tie)”，北京地(di)(di)鐵(tie)、上(shang)(shang)海地(di)(di)鐵(tie)和廣(guang)州地(di)(di)鐵(tie)等地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)站務員(yuan)工作(zuo)制服(fu)(fu)都是(shi)比較具(ju)有代表性的(de)(de)(de)。

1地鐵車站站務(wu)員服(fu)裝設計功能(neng)特點

我國地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)崗位都(dou)有(you)統一(yi)定(ding)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，站務員也(ye)(ye)不(bu)例外。無論是(shi)北京(jing)、上海、廣州，還是(shi)哪(na)個城市(shi)(shi)(shi)，每(mei)個城市(shi)(shi)(shi)都(dou)會(hui)根(gen)據(ju)自(zi)身城市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)背景、特(te)色，甚至是(shi)氣候條件等(deng)(deng)元素(su)來(lai)(lai)設計制服。首先，城市(shi)(shi)(shi)軌道交通(tong)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)各具(ju)特(te)色，譬如(ru)針對職(zhi)業(ye)特(te)征(zheng)、企(qi)業(ye)文化(hua)、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)季節和(he)崗位工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)等(deng)(deng)都(dou)有(you)著(zhu)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人性化(hua)設計。具(ju)體而言(yan)，通(tong)常(chang)根(gen)據(ju)季節分(fen)為(wei)春秋裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、冬裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)夏(xia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，除了(le)帽子、皮(pi)帶、皮(pi)鞋和(he)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)配飾(shi)外，襯衣、西褲、大衣和(he)西裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)套裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)都(dou)會(hui)隨著(zhu)季節更(geng)迭而變化(hua)。同(tong)(tong)時，在(zai)東方民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設計審美(mei)中，通(tong)常(chang)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表達用統一(yi)、對稱(cheng)和(he)整(zheng)齊(qi)等(deng)(deng)特(te)點來(lai)(lai)展現。我國地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)站站務員的(de)(de)(de)(de)服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)具(ju)有(you)統一(yi)性，也(ye)(ye)展現出(chu)了(le)統一(yi)之美(mei)。這(zhe)種(zhong)統一(yi)性有(you)利于(yu)樹(shu)立(li)企(qi)業(ye)形象、規范(fan)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)行為(wei)，同(tong)(tong)時也(ye)(ye)便于(yu)進行人員分(fen)類。此外，地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)車(che)站站務員在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)期間(jian)統一(yi)著(zhu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)可以起到一(yi)種(zhong)心理暗示作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。譬如(ru)，對于(yu)站務員來(lai)(lai)說，穿(chuan)上工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)制服，就意味著(zhu)是(shi)開始工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)期間(jian)要(yao)將與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)無關的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情暫且(qie)放在(zai)一(yi)邊(bian)，全身心投(tou)入其(qi)中。對于(yu)乘(cheng)客來(lai)(lai)說，在(zai)乘(cheng)車(che)過程(cheng)中需要(yao)幫助時，可以第一(yi)時間(jian)快速地(di)求助穿(chuan)著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人。

2地(di)鐵車(che)站站務員服裝造型設計特(te)點

地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)制服(fu)是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)標志性識別信息。以北京地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例，2007年前，無(wu)論是(shi)售票員還(huan)是(shi)司機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)制服(fu)都(dou)是(shi)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。2007年，北京地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)制服(fu)有了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，并延(yan)用至今。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)保持其歷史(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續(xu)性，現在(zai)通常(chang)稱其為(wei)(wei)(wei)07式制服(fu)。地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)站(zhan)(zhan)務(wu)員服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)造型(xing)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)比(bi)較傳統，但也都(dou)符合職(zhi)業(ye)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)流行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元素(su)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)凸顯(xian)男女員工(gong)(gong)陽剛和(he)柔美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)質，男士工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廓(kuo)形(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)T型(xing)，上寬(kuan)下窄，寬(kuan)肩收腰。女士工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廓(kuo)形(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)X型(xing)，上下寬(kuan)、中間收腰，有著自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線條設(she)(she)計(ji)，凸顯(xian)了(le)(le)女性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)纖細和(he)窈窕(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。以廣(guang)州地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例，廣(guang)州車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)鐵(tie)站(zhan)(zhan)務(wu)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)冬裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，整體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造型(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji)定位體(ti)現了(le)(le)舒適、簡潔、職(zhi)業(ye)和(he)時尚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。冬裝(zhuang)(zhuang)是(shi)西裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)襯衣加領帶，夏(xia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)中男士是(shi)西裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)襯衣，女士配(pei)置了(le)(le)西裝(zhuang)(zhuang)套(tao)裙。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)適應在(zai)一線環境(jing)下大幅度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)伸展、防(fang)止走光，在(zai)褲(ku)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)上還(huan)特(te)別采(cai)用高腰設(she)(she)計(ji)，整體(ti)上看更(geng)加協(xie)調。

3地鐵車站站務員服(fu)裝材料設計特點

1研究的范(fan)圍和新特(te)點

1.1三(san)維場景搭(da)建

根(gen)據(ju)地鐵(tie)車站(zhan)(zhan)實(shi)際結構設(she)計圖紙，運用主(zhu)流(liu)的建(jian)筑BIM建(jian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)軟件建(jian)立地鐵(tie)車站(zhan)(zhan)的3D模(mo)(mo)(mo)型，并將各(ge)機電設(she)備的3D模(mo)(mo)(mo)型作(zuo)為(wei)一個坐標控(kong)件嵌(qian)入(ru)其中。使用RevitArchitecture/3DMax/Solidworks建(jian)立地鐵(tie)車站(zhan)(zhan)機電設(she)備的3D模(mo)(mo)(mo)型，同時賦(fu)予(yu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型各(ge)種屬性信息，包括構件、設(she)備、管線(xian)的材質、型號、安裝(zhuang)高度、安裝(zhuang)方(fang)式等。最后通過(guo)與虛(xu)擬(ni)仿真平臺的接(jie)口實(shi)現地鐵(tie)車站(zhan)(zhan)內部場景及其相關系統(tong)設(she)備的自(zi)由漫游。

1.2設備維護(hu)仿真

建立設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)態編碼信息，根據具體地鐵車站PLC或I/O服務器接(jie)口協議，通(tong)過地址轉換，自動(dong)(dong)(dong)獲取動(dong)(dong)(dong)態管理所需(xu)的設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)信息，進行設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的維(wei)護(hu)仿真(zhen)。設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)態管理及(ji)維(wei)護(hu)主要是(shi)及(ji)時(shi)獲取設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)運行信息，實現(xian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)運行的累計運行時(shi)間統(tong)計、工況(kuang)分析(xi)、負荷分析(xi)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)態維(wei)修提醒、動(dong)(dong)(dong)態維(wei)護(hu)提醒。

1.3信息交換及共享平(ping)臺

摘要：為(wei)確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)安(an)全和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量，采用層次分析法（AHP）對南(nan)昌軌道交通3號線岱山站基坑開挖工(gong)程深基坑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)進行風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估(gu)。在工(gong)程資料和相關(guan)經(jing)驗基礎上(shang)建立(li)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)安(an)全指(zhi)標評價體(ti)系，通過專家打分構(gou)造出(chu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)判斷矩(ju)陣(zhen)，然后計算出(chu)各風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)因素的權重并(bing)確定風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)級，根據風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估(gu)結果采取風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)控制措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，為(wei)深基坑工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)防控提供保(bao)障。

關(guan)鍵詞：地鐵車站；深基坑；層次分(fen)析法；施(shi)工風險評估

在地(di)(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，深(shen)(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)易出現地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)坍塌、基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)圍護結(jie)構(gou)失穩(wen)、管線(xian)變形以及(ji)周(zhou)邊建(jian)(jian)筑物沉降過大(da)等現象。相(xiang)應的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)析(xi)和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管控不僅可以保證整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)安(an)(an)全性，還可以提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)效率。目前，國(guo)內外(wai)學者對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)深(shen)(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)土方開挖的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)析(xi)做了大(da)量研究(jiu)。郭健(jian)等[1]采(cai)用(yong)(yong)梯形隸屬(shu)函(han)數(shu)計(ji)(ji)算風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)事件(jian)的(de)隸屬(shu)度，運用(yong)(yong)模(mo)糊(hu)綜合(he)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)法(fa)(fa)(fa)進(jin)行風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估，確(que)定施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)等級(ji)。姚(yao)海星等[2]采(cai)用(yong)(yong)作業條件(jian)危險(xian)(xian)(xian)性評(ping)(ping)價(jia)法(fa)(fa)(fa)－模(mo)糊(hu)層次(ci)分(fen)析(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)深(shen)(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)進(jin)行風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估。宋博等[3]提(ti)出一種基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)數(shu)據包絡(luo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)（DEA）-反向傳(chuan)播（BP）神經(jing)網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)深(shen)(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全評(ping)(ping)價(jia)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)，從人員、設(she)備、環(huan)境、管理、技術5個方面(mian)，系(xi)統(tong)地(di)(di)(di)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)安(an)(an)全評(ping)(ping)價(jia)指標(biao)(biao)體系(xi)，然后利用(yong)(yong)DEA計(ji)(ji)算指標(biao)(biao)權(quan)重，運用(yong)(yong)BP神經(jing)網(wang)絡(luo)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)地(di)(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)深(shen)(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全等級(ji)。層次(ci)分(fen)析(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是一種層次(ci)化(hua)、系(xi)統(tong)化(hua)的(de)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)，通過在項目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中建(jian)(jian)立各(ge)層次(ci)結(jie)構(gou)模(mo)型來(lai)揭示潛在風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因素對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全的(de)影(ying)響程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度，以達到對(dui)(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管理的(de)精準控制[4]。基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)上述(shu)研究(jiu)，本(ben)文以南(nan)昌軌道交通3號線(xian)岱山(shan)站(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為依(yi)托，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)指標(biao)(biao)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)體系(xi)，并運用(yong)(yong)層次(ci)分(fen)析(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)（AHP）對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)鐵車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)深(shen)(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)行風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估，計(ji)(ji)算出各(ge)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因素權(quan)重，針對(dui)(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估結(jie)果提(ti)出相(xiang)應的(de)管控措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

1工程概況

岱山站(zhan)位于(yu)(yu)南(nan)昌市(shi)南(nan)昌縣蓮塘鎮(zhen)迎(ying)賓北大道與陽光(guang)路交(jiao)匯處(chu)，沿迎(ying)賓北大道呈南(nan)北方向布置，周(zhou)邊建筑較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)且功能多(duo)(duo)樣，車站(zhan)東側(ce)重要(yao)建筑物為酒店(dian)及造幣廠，西側(ce)為賓館、民房、飯店(dian)等(deng)(deng)建筑。車站(zhan)及周(zhou)邊管(guan)線多(duo)(duo)，管(guan)線多(duo)(duo)為沿車站(zhan)南(nan)北走向，車站(zhan)中部存在橫(heng)跨(kua)基坑強(qiang)電(dian)、弱電(dian)、燃(ran)(ran)氣管(guan)線各一組；管(guan)線種類包括：強(qiang)電(dian)、弱電(dian)、燃(ran)(ran)氣、雨污(wu)水、供水等(deng)(deng)。車站(zhan)基坑采(cai)用明挖順(shun)筑法施(shi)工。車站(zhan)為標準地下兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)島式(shi)車站(zhan)，有效站(zhan)臺長(chang)118m，寬(kuan)11m。車站(zhan)地質(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)如(ru)圖1，由(you)上至下穿越(yue)填土層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、粉質(zhi)黏土層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、中砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、粗砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、礫砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，主(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)底部坐(zuo)落于(yu)(yu)礫砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。圍護結(jie)構(gou)鉆(zhan)孔灌注樁坐(zuo)落于(yu)(yu)中風化泥(ni)質(zhi)粉砂(sha)巖層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)內，入(ru)巖深度(du)1.2~3.3m不等(deng)(deng)，車站(zhan)開挖深度(du)16.5~17.5m。

2層次分析法（AHP）

摘要：隨著經濟的(de)發展(zhan)，生(sheng)活質量和水平(ping)不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)高。在(zai)城(cheng)市建(jian)設中(zhong)，地(di)(di)鐵是(shi)最重(zhong)要的(de)交通方式之(zhi)一(yi)，它不(bu)僅為(wei)人(ren)們提(ti)(ti)供了(le)安(an)全舒適的(de)出行(xing)環境(jing)，而且減少了(le)地(di)(di)面(mian)占地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)，大大緩解了(le)城(cheng)市的(de)擁堵情況。地(di)(di)鐵車站(zhan)機電安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度控制精細化(hua)管(guan)理運用(yong)是(shi)非常重(zhong)要的(de)，文章對如何有效地(di)(di)管(guan)理機電安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度問(wen)題進(jin)行(xing)了(le)分析和討論，并(bing)提(ti)(ti)出促進(jin)機電安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)順(shun)利完成的(de)建(jian)議。

關(guan)鍵詞：地(di)鐵；機電(dian)安裝工程；進度；精細化(hua)；管理

地(di)鐵的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)是一項比較(jiao)復(fu)雜，難度較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，對施工(gong)人員的(de)(de)(de)專業素(su)養和(he)知識水平有(you)著很高的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，只有(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)按照相關規章制(zhi)度進(jin)行(xing)建(jian)設(she)才能保證(zheng)地(di)鐵的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全。尤其是機電安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，更是需要(yao)我們進(jin)行(xing)精細化管(guan)理，嚴(yan)格(ge)控制(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)進(jin)度。機電安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是地(di)鐵建(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部分(fen)，它的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)效(xiao)果好壞直接(jie)影響(xiang)著地(di)鐵能否(fou)順利(li)運(yun)行(xing)，而且(qie)這(zhe)項工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受到地(di)質(zhi)地(di)形等(deng)環境因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，所以我們更要(yao)采取科學有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)措施不(bu)斷(duan)提高機電安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)效(xiao)率。

1工程概況

1.1工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)具體概述。佛山(shan)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)2號(hao)(hao)線一(yi)期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)車站(zhan)(zhan)機電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)具體是(shi)(shi)在佛山(shan)市城(cheng)市軌道(dao)交(jiao)通實施(shi)，地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)線路是(shi)(shi)東西(xi)方向的(de)(de)，起點是(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)莊(zhuang)站(zhan)(zhan)，終點為廣州南(nan)(nan)(nan)站(zhan)(zhan)，全(quan)線共設(she)(she)(she)有(you)17個車站(zhan)(zhan)，全(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)覆(fu)蓋多處(chu)重(zhong)要(yao)交(jiao)通路段，比如(ru)湖涌停車場(chang)、林岳(yue)車輛段、灣華控(kong)制中(zhong)心、石(shi)灣主變電(dian)所及(ji)花卉主變電(dian)所等(deng)(deng)(deng)，能夠分擔較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)流(liu)壓力(li)，為人(ren)(ren)(ren)們提供(gong)便利。這(zhe)項(xiang)機電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)項(xiang)綜合性的(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，其(qi)中(zhong)包括供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)、信號(hao)(hao)系(xi)統(tong)、監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)、通風(feng)(feng)空調、電(dian)梯以(yi)及(ji)自動受檢(jian)票(piao)系(xi)統(tong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。除此(ci)之外(wai)，地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)車站(zhan)(zhan)機電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)還需(xu)要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)對車站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)控(kong)制中(zhong)心智能系(xi)統(tong)以(yi)及(ji)相關設(she)(she)(she)備進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)調試，確保(bao)達(da)到最佳狀態(tai)。這(zhe)項(xiang)繁雜的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)需(xu)要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)有(you)計劃地(di)安(an)排(pai)好(hao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度，有(you)序(xu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)建設(she)(she)(she)。1.2周邊(bian)的(de)(de)自然(ran)環(huan)(huan)境。佛山(shan)市處(chu)于珠江(jiang)三角洲(zhou)地(di)區，經濟發(fa)展條件便利，地(di)理位置優越，有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)流(liu)量。另外(wai)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)邊(bian)靠海，緯度較(jiao)低，氣溫高(gao)，溫暖多雨，四季常綠(lv)，夏季的(de)(de)時候容易遭到暴雨的(de)(de)襲擊，產(chan)生(sheng)城(cheng)市內澇或者臺風(feng)(feng)，可能會對機電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)生(sheng)影響。在進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)機電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)時候，要(yao)考(kao)慮到這(zhe)些自然(ran)因素的(de)(de)影響，預留出相應(ying)的(de)(de)處(chu)理自然(ran)災害的(de)(de)時間，把握(wo)好(hao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)進(jin)度。1.3施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建設(she)(she)(she)要(yao)求(qiu)和(he)標準。進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)車站(zhan)(zhan)機電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時，對其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)精細化管理運用(yong)的(de)(de)其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)個環(huan)(huan)節就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)做好(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量驗收(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)專業團隊按(an)照建設(she)(she)(she)進(jin)度表完成施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之后，安(an)質(zhi)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)部(bu)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)應(ying)派遣(qian)專業人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)驗，確保(bao)其(qi)符合國家和(he)合同(tong)文件中(zhong)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量標準，符合佛山(shan)市當(dang)地(di)制定的(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)要(yao)求(qiu)：創優規劃，無質(zhi)量投訴，無重(zhong)大(da)質(zhi)量責任事(shi)故，無重(zhong)大(da)不(bu)合格項(xiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)要(yao)求(qiu)。特別是(shi)(shi)在建設(she)(she)(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)以(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為本，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)，保(bao)護施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命健康安(an)全(quan)，避免事(shi)故的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。

2有(you)效控制施工進度