摘要(yao)：農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)作(zuo)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)主體(ti)，是鄉村振興的(de)重要(yao)力(li)量(liang)，提(ti)升其各方面素(su)(su)質(zhi)是實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村發(fa)展(zhan)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)自身(shen)(shen)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)題(ti)中應有之(zhi)義，特別是在就業形(xing)勢(shi)越(yue)來越(yue)嚴(yan)峻的(de)今天(tian)，提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)素(su)(su)質(zhi)會(hui)極大地(di)助力(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)就業問題(ti)的(de)解決。促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)素(su)(su)質(zhi)提(ti)升，需要(yao)遵循堅(jian)持以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)為(wei)中心的(de)主體(ti)性(xing)、理論性(xing)與實踐性(xing)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)、全面性(xing)和典型(xing)性(xing)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)的(de)原則，促(cu)進經營管理素(su)(su)質(zhi)、政治法律素(su)(su)質(zhi)、思想道德素(su)(su)質(zhi)、科技文(wen)化素(su)(su)質(zhi)、身(shen)(shen)體(ti)健康素(su)(su)質(zhi)不(bu)斷提(ti)升。對(dui)此，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)要(yao)培養(yang)市場發(fa)展(zhan)意識(shi)，政府要(yao)完善政治參與機制，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村要(yao)推進基層文(wen)化建設，社會(hui)力(li)量(liang)要(yao)營造良(liang)好(hao)環境，從而(er)合(he)(he)力(li)推進高素(su)(su)質(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)培育。

關(guan)鍵詞(ci)：鄉(xiang)村振興(xing)；農民素(su)質(zhi)；提升路徑(jing)；農民就業

高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現是社會發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)重要(yao)指標，也是鄉村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略實現的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)標志，提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)夠使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)適(shi)(shi)應農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)日新月異的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，適(shi)(shi)應農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業現代(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，提(ti)高(gao)就(jiu)業能(neng)力。首先(xian)，在鄉村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略下，在選擇提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路徑(jing)時要(yao)堅持(chi)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，即(ji)堅持(chi)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)為中心、理(li)論和實踐相結合、全面(mian)性與(yu)(yu)典型性相結合以(yi)及階段(duan)性與(yu)(yu)長遠性相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則。其次，明確路徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵，這是一(yi)條農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營管理(li)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)、政治法律(lv)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)續加強、思(si)想道德(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)得以(yi)提(ti)升、科技文化素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)受到重視、身體素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)不斷(duan)增強的(de)(de)(de)(de)路徑(jing)。最后，主要(yao)從培養(yang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)市場發展意識、完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)政治參與(yu)(yu)機制、推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基層文化建設、加大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)教育投(tou)入力度、發展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)醫療衛生(sheng)事(shi)業這五個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)針(zhen)對路徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)些思(si)考。

一、路(lu)徑(jing)的堅持：以“四個原(yuan)則”為基本(ben)遵循

（一）堅持以農民為中心的(de)主體性原則

堅持(chi)(chi)以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民為中(zhong)心的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)性原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)是堅持(chi)(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)地(di)位(wei)、發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)他們(men)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)重要體(ti)現，“堅持(chi)(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)地(di)位(wei)，充(chong)分尊重農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民意愿，切實發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民在鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)中(zhong)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)作(zuo)用(yong)。”[1]這樣(yang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)意愿不僅會(hui)得到充(chong)分尊重，而且還(huan)有(you)利于(yu)(yu)調動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)提(ti)升(sheng)自(zi)身素質的(de)積極(ji)性；堅持(chi)(chi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)性原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)會(hui)讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民感(gan)到提(ti)升(sheng)素質是自(zi)己(ji)的(de)事(shi)，從而通過自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)提(ti)升(sheng)自(zi)身綜合素質為鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)提(ti)供人才支撐，這樣(yang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)獲得感(gan)、幸福(fu)感(gan)、安全感(gan)也會(hui)得到不斷提(ti)升(sheng)；堅持(chi)(chi)這一原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)有(you)利于(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觀(guan)能動性的(de)發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)，使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民突破素質發(fa)展過程中(zhong)的(de)各(ge)種束縛，激發(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民在鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)中(zhong)的(de)創造活力，從而培育(yu)出高(gao)素質的(de)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)力量[2]。

摘(zhai)要：農村金融機構(gou)在改革創(chuang)新和轉型升級的(de)過程(cheng)中，職(zhi)能(neng)(neng)部(bu)門的(de)功能(neng)(neng)定(ding)位及運行效率決定(ding)了整體運行質量(liang)。明確職(zhi)能(neng)(neng)部(bu)門功能(neng)(neng)定(ding)位，構(gou)建(jian)強(qiang)有(you)力(li)的(de)運行機制，打造務實(shi)團隊(dui)，提高決策執行效能(neng)(neng)均是優(you)化部(bu)門管(guan)理效能(neng)(neng)的(de)有(you)效手段。同時，還需要職(zhi)能(neng)(neng)部(bu)門負責人帶領全員(yuan)做好(hao)帶頭作(zuo)用，身體力(li)行做好(hao)引(yin)領示范，方能(neng)(neng)全面(mian)提升職(zhi)能(neng)(neng)部(bu)門管(guan)理效能(neng)(neng)。

關鍵詞(ci):農村(cun)金融;職(zhi)能部門;管(guan)理效能;提(ti)升路徑

農(nong)村(cun)金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)正(zheng)處在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)升級的(de)(de)(de)關鍵時(shi)期，對部室的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)規范性(xing)、科(ke)學(xue)性(xing)、實效性(xing)等方面的(de)(de)(de)要求都有提高(gao)。現(xian)有理(li)論從組織(zhi)架構(gou)、團隊建設、文(wen)化培養及(ji)(ji)(ji)績效考核等角度(du)(du)進行深入研究，缺乏導宏觀路徑選擇及(ji)(ji)(ji)導向性(xing)指引。農(nong)村(cun)金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)部門(men)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)效能直(zhi)接決定全局(ju)運行效率，事關農(nong)村(cun)金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)戰略定位及(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)升級的(de)(de)(de)大局(ju)，構(gou)建“上下聯動、機(ji)制順暢(chang)、職能凸顯、調度(du)(du)有力”的(de)(de)(de)職能部門(men)不僅是適應改革發(fa)展和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)升級的(de)(de)(de)需要，也是規范農(nong)村(cun)金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)股(gu)權改革和公司治(zhi)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)必要手(shou)段。

一、國內相關研究

國(guo)內(nei)關于(yu)農(nong)(nong)村金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)多(duo)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)宏(hong)觀管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)層(ceng)(ceng)面，就(jiu)具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)則多(duo)從(cong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)架構(gou)、團(tuan)隊(dui)建(jian)設(she)、績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)等(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)或幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)面開展研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，涉及(ji)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)更(geng)多(duo)地是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)經(jing)驗(yan)介紹(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期刊報紙(zhi)，從(cong)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)角度(du)深入挖掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)少。代表觀點(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)：（一(yi)(yi)）企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)架構(gou)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)架構(gou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)村金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)最為(wei)(wei)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。隨(sui)著流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)，眾(zhong)多(duo)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)開始探(tan)索建(jian)立流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)(wan)全脫離部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)并未在(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)村金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全面推廣應用。丁艷（1997）①就(jiu)曾指出(chu)，改(gai)(gai)善和(he)(he)完(wan)(wan)善職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)設(she)置即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)營(ying)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客觀要(yao)求，又(you)(you)有(you)(you)內(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革動力(li)(li)及(ji)經(jing)驗(yan)可以(yi)借鑒(jian)。改(gai)(gai)進和(he)(he)完(wan)(wan)善內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)范(fan)圍，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)橫向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)清晰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)脈絡，提(ti)(ti)高有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du)和(he)(he)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率，合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)置職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)由之路。這(zhe)可以(yi)說是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肯(ken)定了(le)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)完(wan)(wan)全拋棄(qi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。孫(sun)少巖，楊圣(sheng)奎（2009）②強調，部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)應該向(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)轉變，以(yi)節約(yue)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)和(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)高收益。特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分非核(he)(he)(he)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支撐型業(ye)(ye)(ye)務更(geng)適合外包而不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)化(hua)。著力(li)(li)突破觀念(nian)(nian)(nian)落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力(li)(li)以(yi)及(ji)克服短期成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)影響，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)長遠(yuan)利益出(chu)發(fa)(fa)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)再造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)自身競(jing)(jing)爭力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)選擇(ze)。同樣(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肯(ken)定流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)也分析了(le)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)(dian)，如張(zhang)青庚、費潔春（2008）③分析了(le)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)交叉、制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)模(mo)糊(hu)等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)規模(mo)、重(zhong)(zhong)速度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，缺乏有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)障(zhang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，并認(ren)為(wei)(wei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)心競(jing)(jing)爭力(li)(li)與經(jing)營(ying)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率、風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)必(bi)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)聯系(xi)，從(cong)觀念(nian)(nian)(nian)與文(wen)化(hua)、機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)與體(ti)系(xi)、技術與工(gong)具、人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)(pei)養與全員(yuan)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)四個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)面提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了(le)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路徑。（二）團(tuan)隊(dui)建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文(wen)化(hua)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)貫(guan)穿(chuan)于(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)團(tuan)隊(dui)建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)文(wen)化(hua)建(jian)設(she)始終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)應用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)廣泛。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)團(tuan)隊(dui)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)了(le)深入細致地分析，金(jin)南順(shun)、王亞（2013）④將國(guo)外關于(yu)會計(ji)計(ji)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)方(fang)(fang)法、組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)方(fang)(fang)法和(he)(he)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)方(fang)(fang)法等(deng)(deng)三種方(fang)(fang)法引進并本(ben)土化(hua)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)團(tuan)隊(dui)建(jian)設(she)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)概念(nian)(nian)(nian)界定不明確、實(shi)踐(jian)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)不足且評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)方(fang)(fang)法存在(zai)(zai)(zai)片面性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)。而張(zhang)建(jian)華、范(fan)琦、何寶華（2012）⑤重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)探(tan)索了(le)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化(hua)對(dui)(dui)(dui)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，指出(chu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)激(ji)烈競(jing)(jing)爭環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)謀求發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，培(pei)(pei)(pei)養員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)精神和(he)(he)群體(ti)經(jing)營(ying)意識至關重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。這(zhe)兩方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)村金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)都具有(you)(you)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)借鑒(jian)意義。（三）部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)。溫博慧(hui)（2015）⑥比較(jiao)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)美兩國(guo)數據(ju)(ju)動態變化(hua)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)資(zi)產值雙向(xiang)(xiang)波動過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)薪酬(chou)(chou)水平變動對(dui)(dui)(dui)經(jing)濟金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)系(xi)穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)影戲草(cao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，并注重(zhong)(zhong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)了(le)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)薪酬(chou)(chou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)。陳曉（2011）⑦細分了(le)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務類(lei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)類(lei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考核(he)(he)(he)，同時強調管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)類(lei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考核(he)(he)(he)多(duo)元化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)，評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)主體(ti)可以(yi)通過自評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、互評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、領導評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)以(yi)及(ji)360度(du)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)體(ti)系(xi)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，從(cong)而實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)類(lei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學考核(he)(he)(he)。陳曉、黃旭（2013）⑧認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)戰略(lve)目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)力(li)(li)工(gong)具，許多(duo)大型銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)由行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)化(hua)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)考核(he)(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)價(jia)值創造為(wei)(wei)依據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)轉變。職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)最終體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)(dian)，不僅符合個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)貢(gong)獻度(du)衡量和(he)(he)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)激(ji)勵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預期，也體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)公(gong)平公(gong)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考核(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)(nian)。這(zhe)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)更(geng)加細化(hua)，張(zhang)國(guo)良、楊力(li)(li)（2011）⑨則采(cai)用基于(yu)EVA和(he)(he)RAROC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，構(gou)建(jian)了(le)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)，力(li)(li)圖(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)風(feng)險調整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。綜上所述(shu)，國(guo)內(nei)關于(yu)農(nong)(nong)村金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)更(geng)多(duo)地注重(zhong)(zhong)宏(hong)觀層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)調控(kong)，宏(hong)觀層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)又(you)(you)著重(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)點(dian)(dian)，如團(tuan)隊(dui)建(jian)設(she)、績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)等(deng)(deng)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)深入細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)路徑卻鮮有(you)(you)提(ti)(ti)及(ji)。而提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)村金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)村金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)改(gai)(gai)革發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)需要(yao)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)村金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)參考依據(ju)(ju)。

二、職能部門管理存(cun)在的主要問題(ti)

摘要：企(qi)業中的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)在(zai)當代社(she)會(hui)中發揮(hui)著日益重要的(de)(de)作用，領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)的(de)(de)素(su)(su)質(zhi)關系到(dao)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)高低以及企(qi)業目標(biao)能(neng)(neng)否順(shun)利實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)。領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)能(neng)(neng)否選(xuan)擇合適的(de)(de)企(qi)業目標(biao)及實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)目標(biao)的(de)(de)途(tu)徑，亦是關乎領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)影響力能(neng)(neng)否充(chong)分發揮(hui)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)因素(su)(su)。企(qi)業中的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)在(zai)復雜(za)的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)環境中，應(ying)將(jiang)中國管理(li)(li)哲學(xue)方法與(yu)西方的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)科學(xue)理(li)(li)論有效(xiao)的(de)(de)結合運用，以提(ti)高領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)。本文(wen)通過分析企(qi)業中領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)素(su)(su)質(zhi)的(de)(de)構(gou)成因素(su)(su)，梳理(li)(li)影響企(qi)業領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)常見問題，探索提(ti)高領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)策略。領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)應(ying)結合當前社(she)會(hui)發展情況，樹立(li)持(chi)續學(xue)習觀念、提(ti)升個人綜合素(su)(su)質(zhi)進而提(ti)升領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)企(qi)業的(de)(de)持(chi)久(jiu)發展。

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：領(ling)導(dao)者；領(ling)導(dao)效能；素質；轉(zhuan)型

社(she)會不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)發展(zhan)、文化不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)融(rong)合(he)進步，公(gong)民(min)權利意(yi)識也(ye)逐漸覺醒，人們日(ri)益認識到領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)作(zuo)用；管(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)論也(ye)隨著(zhu)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)豐(feng)富和(he)發展(zhan)，同時(shi)(shi)也(ye)促(cu)進了領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)及時(shi)(shi)更(geng)新(xin)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會環境，對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)、決策(ce)及服務能(neng)(neng)力(li)等提(ti)出了更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。同時(shi)(shi)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)亦存在(zai)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)行為及能(neng)(neng)力(li)與(yu)職務不(bu)(bu)(bu)符、領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念(nian)和(he)方法有待更(geng)新(xin)、領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)處置危機事(shi)務能(neng)(neng)力(li)有待提(ti)高等問題。本文通(tong)過(guo)對領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質與(yu)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)(neng)進行研究(jiu)，希望(wang)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)給領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)探(tan)索提(ti)升(sheng)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路徑提(ti)供一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參考(kao)。

一、領(ling)導(dao)者的內涵及素質構成

（一）領導者

在美國的(de)(de)(de)斯蒂芬(fen)·羅賓斯（StephenP.Robbins）和(he)(he)瑪麗·庫爾特（MaryCoulter）主(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)的(de)(de)(de)《管(guan)理(li)學》中(zhong)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，“領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是協(xie)調和(he)(he)監管(guan)其他人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，以(yi)使(shi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標能(neng)夠實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)”[1]。在美國的(de)(de)(de)彼得·德魯(lu)克主(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)的(de)(de)(de)《卓有(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)效的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)》中(zhong)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，“領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是創設(she)一種工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)情境(jing)(jing)，使(shi)人(ren)們能(neng)夠舒暢的(de)(de)(de)在其中(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。有(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)應(ying)該能(neng)夠完成(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)能(neng)，即計劃、組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)、指揮(hui)和(he)(he)控制”[2]。在美國的(de)(de)(de)丹(dan)尼爾·A·雷恩（DanielA.Wren）和(he)(he)阿瑟(se)·G·貝德安·（ArthurG.Bedeian）主(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)的(de)(de)(de)《管(guan)理(li)思(si)想史》中(zhong)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，“領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是在組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)執行(xing)(xing)特定職(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)，從而有(you)(you)(you)效配置和(he)(he)利用組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)各項資源，推動(dong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)員實(shi)現(xian)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標”[3]。在張康(kang)之(zhi)、鄭家昊主(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)的(de)(de)(de)《公共管(guan)理(li)學》中(zhong)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，“領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即在管(guan)理(li)實(shi)踐中(zhong)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)都需要至少一個(ge)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)人(ren)，或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)協(xie)調者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)核心(xin)來號(hao)召群體(ti)實(shi)現(xian)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標，對(dui)外則代表整個(ge)群體(ti)”[4]。通過對(dui)與領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)關的(de)(de)(de)文獻進行(xing)(xing)梳理(li)，我們可(ke)以(yi)更清晰的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識到(dao)，學者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)們對(dui)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)界定，關注“領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)推動(dong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)員完成(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標”這(zhe)方(fang)面，而且職(zhi)位權(quan)力(li)是領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)來源，是開展組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)企業(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，應(ying)該思(si)考如何才能(neng)根據企業(ye)所(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)采取恰當的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式幫助員工(gong)實(shi)現(xian)企業(ye)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標。

一、前言

在我(wo)國經(jing)濟快速增長的(de)(de)今天(tian)，風(feng)(feng)險(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)作為一(yi)種股(gu)權(quan)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)方式在國內逐漸(jian)流(liu)行起(qi)來(lai)。它把資(zi)(zi)本(ben)投(tou)放和(he)企業(ye)管理職能有(you)機結合在一(yi)起(qi)，提(ti)高(gao)了投(tou)資(zi)(zi)效率，成為各方關注的(de)(de)熱點，為工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)、全球化(hua)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟發(fa)展提(ti)供了資(zi)(zi)本(ben)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)渠道(dao)，并成為深入影響當(dang)前社會經(jing)濟發(fa)展一(yi)個重要特征。在大眾化(hua)教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)背景下(xia)，創(chuang)業(ye)逐漸(jian)成為大學生的(de)(de)熱門話題與最后(hou)抉擇。我(wo)國高(gao)校創(chuang)新(xin)創(chuang)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)已經(jing)走過了十(shi)多(duo)年的(de)(de)發(fa)展路程(cheng)，但與經(jing)濟社會發(fa)展的(de)(de)要求相比，創(chuang)新(xin)創(chuang)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)還滿足不(bu)了實際的(de)(de)需求。風(feng)(feng)險(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)作為現(xian)時代資(zi)(zi)本(ben)投(tou)放與融(rong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)必(bi)要手段之一(yi)，是激(ji)勵創(chuang)業(ye)思維(wei)的(de)(de)重要工(gong)具。風(feng)(feng)險(xian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)下(xia)的(de)(de)創(chuang)業(ye)，也因大量(liang)使(shi)用風(feng)(feng)險(xian)技術而具有(you)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)科技含(han)量(liang)，并進行科學的(de)(de)管理，因而不(bu)斷(duan)超越傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)創(chuang)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)模式與思維(wei)，更(geng)具發(fa)展與現(xian)實意義。

二、高(gao)職創業能力培養的現狀

目前(qian)，高職(zhi)院校(xiao)學生創業(ye)能力(li)在很大(da)(da)程度上受制于學校(xiao)的(de)(de)培養，隨著高職(zhi)院校(xiao)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，無(wu)論(lun)在基礎設(she)施等硬件方面還(huan)是師(shi)資力(li)量等軟件方面都有了進步，但仍(reng)然(ran)與社會發展(zhan)形(xing)勢不相匹配(pei)，學生的(de)(de)創業(ye)能力(li)與市場要求(qiu)脫節。大(da)(da)學生創業(ye)準(zhun)備(bei)不足，缺乏創業(ye)技能、資金(jin)、管(guan)(guan)理知識等諸多方面的(de)(de)素質；在創業(ye)過程中同時(shi)也出現有技術(shu)無(wu)資金(jin)、有資金(jin)無(wu)管(guan)(guan)理、有管(guan)(guan)理無(wu)規劃等諸多問題。調查顯(xian)示，有85％大(da)(da)學生的(de)(de)自主創業(ye)以失敗告終。

1．創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)不足。創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)是(shi)一項具(ju)有挑戰性、創(chuang)新性的活動(dong)，它十分強調創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者個人的素(su)質和(he)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。不可否認，現代大(da)學生(sheng)(sheng)實踐活動(dong)的增多，使認知能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)、組織能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)、溝通能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)有所(suo)提高(gao)，但是(shi)根據全國大(da)學生(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)失敗的眾多例子來看，這種外(wai)在的表現能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，在一切順(shun)利(li)時能(neng)(neng)夠起主導作用，但當出現困難(nan)(nan)和(he)問題時，心理素(su)質和(he)適應能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)等內(nei)在能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)顯得比(bi)較弱，出現臨事慌亂，不知所(suo)措，遇難(nan)(nan)則(ze)止，知難(nan)(nan)而退的表現，最終導致大(da)學生(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)成功率不高(gao)。

2．創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)不足。創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)可以來源于：銀(yin)行貸(dai)款(kuan)、風(feng)險投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、典當融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、股權融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)租賃等渠(qu)道(dao)。對于創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者來說(shuo)，籌集資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)創(chuang)(chuang)辦企業(ye)(ye)本來就是一項艱巨的(de)(de)挑戰，大學(xue)生創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者在(zai)尋求外部融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)時(shi)更是困難重重，尤其是考慮到(dao)貸(dai)款(kuan)的(de)(de)安全性(xing)，銀(yin)行一般不會(hui)輕易(yi)貸(dai)款(kuan)給大學(xue)生創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者，風(feng)險投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者又僅關注較大的(de)(de)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項目(mu)，大學(xue)生創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)只能來源于自有(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)、親戚(qi)朋友的(de)(de)借款(kuan)或其他私人股權投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，得到(dao)社(she)會(hui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本支持的(de)(de)微(wei)乎其微(wei)，從(cong)而導致創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)啟動金(jin)的(de)(de)擁有(you)量極為有(you)限。

一、引言

在(zai)(zai)(zai)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)理(li)(li)論基(ji)(ji)石漸(jian)被(bei)撼動(dong)和數(shu)字(zi)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)逐漸(jian)興起的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)下(xia)，基(ji)(ji)于(yu)大眾(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)場和大眾(zhong)(zhong)消(xiao)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)(tong)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)理(li)(li)論和方式(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)受(shou)(shou)眾(zhong)(zhong)裂變(碎片(pian)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)再中(zhong)心(xin)化(hua)(hua))的(de)(de)(de)(de)現實中(zhong)遇到(dao)了(le)(le)瓶頸，傳統(tong)(tong)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)理(li)(li)念(nian)和方式(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)尋(xun)找目(mu)標受(shou)(shou)眾(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)已失去了(le)(le)威力(li)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)下(xia)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)何更(geng)(geng)好(hao)、更(geng)(geng)精準(zhun)(zhun)地(di)(di)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成為(wei)學界和業界關(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)焦點。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)何鎖(suo)定目(mu)標受(shou)(shou)眾(zhong)(zhong)，使營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)更(geng)(geng)富(fu)針對性(xing)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)何準(zhun)(zhun)確觸及(ji)到(dao)碎片(pian)化(hua)(hua)后(hou)重(zhong)聚的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標受(shou)(shou)眾(zhong)(zhong)，是目(mu)前亟待解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。對于(yu)管(guan)理(li)(li)者來說，要應(ying)對環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)，就要重(zhong)新(xin)審視營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)策略，創新(xin)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)理(li)(li)念(nian)，進(jin)(jin)一步提升品牌(pai)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。然(ran)而，在(zai)(zai)(zai)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)趨勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)推動(dong)下(xia)，目(mu)標受(shou)(shou)眾(zhong)(zhong)可接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)媒(mei)體日(ri)益豐(feng)富(fu)，時(shi)(shi)間和空間的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制被(bei)打破，顧客(ke)需(xu)求出現了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)離與(yu)聚合，這(zhe)為(wei)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)帶來了(le)(le)新(xin)機遇。隨(sui)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)應(ying)運(yun)而生的(de)(de)(de)(de)精準(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)是一種不同(tong)于(yu)大眾(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)趨勢，傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)是如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)地(di)(di)毯式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狂轟濫炸，而精準(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)猶如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)現代(dai)(dai)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)GPS導(dao)航(hang)系統(tong)(tong)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精準(zhun)(zhun)攻擊。那(nei)么，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)下(xia)，企業如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)何更(geng)(geng)好(hao)地(di)(di)適應(ying)市(shi)場環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)變化(hua)(hua)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)何揚長避短地(di)(di)發揮數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)優勢為(wei)我(wo)所用，進(jin)(jin)而提升品牌(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)?本文將以(yi)精準(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)為(wei)實現途(tu)徑，探討基(ji)(ji)于(yu)競(jing)爭(zheng)營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品牌(pai)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)提升的(de)(de)(de)(de)思路和模式(shi)(shi)(shi)。

二、精準營銷的內(nei)涵

精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)美國營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)大(da)師菲利普(pu)•科特(te)勒于(yu)2005年首次(ci)提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)。他認為，精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)業需(xu)要(yao)更精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、可衡量和(he)(he)高投資回報的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)溝(gou)通(tong)，需(xu)要(yao)制(zhi)定(ding)更注(zhu)重結果和(he)(he)行動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)傳播計劃(hua)(hua)，還(huan)有(you)越(yue)來越(yue)注(zhu)重對(dui)直接銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售溝(gou)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投資。具體來說，精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)包(bao)括以下三個層(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含義:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)思想，營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)終極目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，到達(da)(da)終極目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡(du)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)逐步精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun);二是(shi)(shi)(shi)實施精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體系保證和(he)(he)手(shou)段，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)手(shou)段是(shi)(shi)(shi)可衡量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);三是(shi)(shi)(shi)達(da)(da)到低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)可持續(xu)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)，精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處(chu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)能夠精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)確地鎖定(ding)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)客戶，營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)效果好(hao)，而且(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)相對(dui)較低(di)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相對(dui)于(yu)大(da)眾營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)模糊營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)而言的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)迎合(he)市(shi)場發展趨(qu)勢(shi)應運(yun)而生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)模式，而不僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)純的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)技(ji)術或營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)策略。由此(ci)可見(jian)，精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)決不僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)于(yu)互聯網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)工(gong)具，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)貫(guan)穿到產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整個營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管理(li)過程中，使營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)傳播計劃(hua)(hua)更有(you)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。需(xu)要(yao)特(te)別(bie)指出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，雖(sui)然(ran)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)相對(dui)較低(di)，但決不等同于(yu)低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)更加強調投資的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)性(xing)，強調投資的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回報率(lv)，使得每一分(fen)錢都(dou)能花在刀刃上，避免(mian)無的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放矢(shi)和(he)(he)盲(mang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)投入。

三(san)、精準營銷的特征(zheng)

精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)營銷(xiao)強調的(de)(de)是“精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)”和“精(jing)(jing)(jing)確”，即(ji)以(yi)顧客(ke)為中心，依托強大的(de)(de)數據庫資源，通(tong)(tong)過現代信(xin)息技術手段實現個性營銷(xiao)活動(dong)，借(jie)助(zhu)市場定量分(fen)析手段、現代信(xin)息技術，對消(xiao)費者進行精(jing)(jing)(jing)確衡量和分(fen)析，做到在(zai)恰(qia)當(dang)的(de)(de)時(shi)間、恰(qia)當(dang)的(de)(de)地點(dian)，以(yi)恰(qia)當(dang)的(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)，通(tong)(tong)過恰(qia)當(dang)的(de)(de)營銷(xiao)渠道，向恰(qia)當(dang)的(de)(de)顧客(ke)提(ti)供恰(qia)當(dang)的(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)，實現企業(ye)對效益最大化(hua)的(de)(de)追求。其關鍵在(zai)于通(tong)(tong)過企業(ye)提(ti)供的(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)、價(jia)格(ge)、渠道與顧客(ke)需要之間的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)匹(pi)配，實現更(geng)精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)、可衡量和高投資回報的(de)(de)營銷(xiao)績(ji)效。精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)營銷(xiao)具有以(yi)下五(wu)個特征:

二十世紀70年代以后(hou)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管理(li)成為(wei)一門學(xue)科(ke)與科(ke)學(xue)研究(jiu)領域，但是由于公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管理(li)學(xue)科(ke)涉及到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題較多，人們很難給政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管理(li)下一個(ge)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定義。我們可(ke)以這(zhe)樣來理(li)解公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管理(li)，它是以政(zheng)府為(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)部門整(zheng)合(he)社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種力量，廣泛運用政(zheng)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、法律的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，強化政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治理(li)能(neng)力，且(qie)旨在提升政(zheng)府績(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)和(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)服務品質，實現(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福利與公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手段(duan)。朱榕基總(zong)理(li)曾把我國政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)概(gai)括為(wei)十六個(ge)字：“經(jing)濟(ji)調節、市場監管、社會(hui)管理(li)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)服務。”所以作為(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)府如何高效(xiao)(xiao)地行使自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)就是重(zhong)中(zhong)之重(zhong)，而近期我國政(zheng)府提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)建設也(ye)正是針對這(zhe)一情(qing)況所提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

一、宏觀政府職能的轉變

公共管理(li)職能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)打破政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)壟(long)(long)斷性(xing)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)。即充分調(diao)動(dong)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)各方組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)、以(yi)及(ji)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)民間力(li)量(liang)等，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)幅度減輕政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)壓力(li)，并(bing)在社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)力(li)量(liang)下(xia)實現監(jian)督(du)(du)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)，真正意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發揮出以(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)為(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)公共管理(li)效能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。也(ye)(ye)就是(shi)說，政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)單位(wei)(wei)在當(dang)前(qian)形(xing)勢下(xia)，必須(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)以(yi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)職責(ze)為(wei)導向，并(bing)以(yi)實現社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)責(ze)任與社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)效益的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低作為(wei)衡量(liang)自(zi)身執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)業(ye)績好壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵所在。為(wei)此(ci)(ci)，這(zhe)(zhe)就要求傳統意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)管理(li)職能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)得以(yi)轉變，杜(du)絕壟(long)(long)斷執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，并(bing)積極依據社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)變量(liang)、社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)形(xing)勢來(lai)及(ji)時來(lai)調(diao)整自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)職能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)結構(gou)(gou)、執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)權限的(de)(de)(de)(de)運作方式(shi)等，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)實現宏(hong)觀意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)公共職能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉變與作用深化(hua)。另外(wai)，我們也(ye)(ye)知道政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)單位(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)同樣是(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)服務(wu)參與者，監(jian)督(du)(du)者、以(yi)及(ji)一(yi)定程度上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干預者。為(wei)此(ci)(ci)，政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)單位(wei)(wei)還(huan)要必須(xu)以(yi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)為(wei)主(zhu)導，令(ling)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)群(qun)(qun)體組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)所滿意(yi)，堅持貫(guan)徹政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)公共管理(li)民主(zhu)化(hua)政(zheng)(zheng)策，真正反映廣大(da)人民群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)與各組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)團體機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本利益與要求，做好社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)市場經濟(ji)環境下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)服務(wu)與解決好社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)監(jian)管“越位(wei)(wei)”問(wen)題，只有這(zhe)(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)逐步(bu)實現小(xiao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)大(da)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有利格局。

二、由管理型政(zheng)府向服務型政(zheng)府的(de)轉(zhuan)變

加(jia)強(qiang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)代(dai)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)行過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)手段與(yu)(yu)方(fang)式(shi)。現(xian)代(dai)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)責(ze)任與(yu)(yu)義(yi)務(wu)(wu)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織成員或(huo)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織機(ji)(ji)(ji)構提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)，憑借服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)職能(neng)發揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)化促進(jin)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)能(neng)夠(gou)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)健康(kang)循環(huan)。而當(dang)(dang)前(qian)形(xing)勢(shi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國家政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)貫徹與(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)施需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)單位能(neng)夠(gou)從“監(jian)督管理(li)(li)(li)型”向(xiang)“組(zu)(zu)(zu)織服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)型”順(shun)利過(guo)(guo)渡，即基(ji)本政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府職能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變能(neng)夠(gou)融合服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)管理(li)(li)(li)職能(neng)。也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)，城市化工作(zuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)進(jin)程(cheng)步(bu)伐(fa)逐步(bu)加(jia)快，以(yi)及(ji)現(xian)代(dai)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計劃經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)制作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐步(bu)深化，不少(shao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織群體(ti)及(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織機(ji)(ji)(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求也發生了重(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)轉變，如果政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府仍然(ran)以(yi)傳統(tong)參與(yu)(yu)者、監(jian)督者去(qu)發揮單一(yi)(yi)管理(li)(li)(li)監(jian)督職能(neng)是(shi)(shi)不可能(neng)完(wan)全滿足國家政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)需(xu)(xu)求以(yi)及(ji)人(ren)們服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)需(xu)(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。為(wei)(wei)此，這就(jiu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織機(ji)(ji)(ji)構能(neng)夠(gou)適應當(dang)(dang)前(qian)國家形(xing)勢(shi)需(xu)(xu)求，加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)效能(neng)發揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行力(li)度(du)。因此，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府組(zu)(zu)(zu)織機(ji)(ji)(ji)構應當(dang)(dang)堅持做好以(yi)下幾(ji)點。其一(yi)(yi)，國家財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)重(zhong)點建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)投(tou)向(xiang)已經(jing)(jing)明確了“三(san)農(nong)”相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新農(nong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)問題(ti)。所以(yi)，對于政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府而言，應當(dang)(dang)堅持以(yi)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)事業為(wei)(wei)主、大(da)(da)(da)力(li)支持地(di)方(fang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)落后(hou)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，協調好地(di)方(fang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貧富差距(ju)。其二(er)，能(neng)夠(gou)為(wei)(wei)企業、社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)等(deng)有關(guan)(guan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織機(ji)(ji)(ji)構提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)性服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)支持。其三(san)，解決好社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)矛(mao)盾(dun)問題(ti)，把建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)執政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)目標對準社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)品(pin)、設(she)(she)(she)施、公共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)投(tou)入問題(ti)，力(li)求社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)矛(mao)盾(dun)問題(ti)能(neng)夠(gou)大(da)(da)(da)幅度(du)降(jiang)低。其四，是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)化政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府在社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)公平、公共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)和生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指標，并以(yi)此作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)配置財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)稅(shui)收等(deng)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)依據。其五，是(shi)(shi)積極穩妥地(di)發揮社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織在公共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，形(xing)成多元社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主體(ti)參與(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格局。

三、強化(hua)政(zheng)府機關單位公共服務監(jian)督

1城市現狀

由(you)于我(wo)國城(cheng)(cheng)市化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程的(de)(de)加快(kuai)、人(ren)口與車(che)輛的(de)(de)增長以及高樓大廈林立，導致城(cheng)(cheng)市環(huan)境(jing)惡化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和人(ren)們(men)生(sheng)活環(huan)境(jing)質量的(de)(de)下降。因此(ci)，人(ren)們(men)已經(jing)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)認識到加強綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)態(tai)建設對于城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)重要(yao)性。綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在改(gai)善氣候，凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)空(kong)氣和美化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)境(jing)中起(qi)(qi)著(zhu)(zhu)重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用。人(ren)們(men)通過建筑(zhu)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、墻(qiang)體綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、墻(qiang)面(mian)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、屋(wu)頂綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、屋(wu)面(mian)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、屋(wu)頂花(hua)園，加強廣(guang)場(chang)、道路、庭院等的(de)(de)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)面(mian)積來(lai)提高城(cheng)(cheng)市綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率。在城(cheng)(cheng)市建筑(zhu)物上(shang)直接(jie)(jie)或間接(jie)(jie)附(fu)著(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)供綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)植(zhi)(zhi)物生(sheng)長的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)，如盆花(hua)，種植(zhi)(zhi)毯、爬(pa)藤等，把地面(mian)、屋(wu)面(mian)等覆蓋(gai)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)，把廣(guang)場(chang)、道路、墻(qiang)面(mian)、橋梁等裝飾起(qi)(qi)來(lai)，使它們(men)更亮麗，更適合人(ren)們(men)居住。所以城(cheng)(cheng)市中一定要(yao)有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)綠(lv)色植(zhi)(zhi)物改(gai)善生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)，保持生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)良性循環(huan)。因此(ci)，城(cheng)(cheng)市綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是城(cheng)(cheng)市建設不可(ke)缺少的(de)(de)重要(yao)組成(cheng)部(bu)分。

2城市綠化的意義

從(cong)人(ren)們的(de)(de)感(gan)官來說，城市綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)使我們覺(jue)得(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)更(geng)清新，城市綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)節(jie)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)溫度、濕度。綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)應從(cong)每一個家庭(ting)做(zuo)起，不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)提高(gao)了(le)生活情趣(qu)，而(er)且還有益(yi)于(yu)身(shen)心健(jian)康。種類繁多、千姿(zi)百態(tai)的(de)(de)植物不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)吸(xi)收有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，調(diao)節(jie)溫度，同時(shi)我們的(de)(de)居住環境(jing)也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)得(de)到相應的(de)(de)改(gai)善(shan)。綠(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)(di)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)吸(xi)收二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)碳，放出氧氣(qi)(qi)，并能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)阻隔、吸(xi)收煙塵和某些有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，降(jiang)低噪(zao)聲(sheng)。綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保護坡地(di)(di)，防止水(shui)土流失。合理的(de)(de)道路綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)增進交(jiao)通(tong)安全。城市綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減輕火(huo)災、地(di)(di)震(zhen)造成的(de)(de)損(sun)失。城市綠(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)(di)可供居民休息和活動(dong)。利用各種有觀賞(shang)價值的(de)(de)植物按照藝術規則綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)城市，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)改(gai)善(shan)城市景觀，不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)給人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)美(mei)的(de)(de)享受，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)陶冶性情，對于(yu)凈化(hua)(hua)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)，吸(xi)塵、降(jiang)溫、隔音，營造觀光休閑與美(mei)化(hua)(hua)環境(jing)空(kong)間更(geng)是(shi)不(bu)可或缺。

3提高城市綠化水平的對策

（1）充分(fen)利用(yong)(yong)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)。隨著人們對(dui)改善(shan)城市生態環境，增加(jia)人均(jun)綠地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的需要(yao)逐漸(jian)加(jia)強，屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)、屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)花園已(yi)(yi)逐步進入城市的建(jian)設規劃(hua)、設計和建(jian)造(zao)范圍。南(nan)方有(you)的城市已(yi)(yi)對(dui)多層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)提出了(le)(le)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)的具體(ti)要(yao)求。山西省不(bu)(bu)少城市新建(jian)住(zhu)宅小區地(di)(di)下停車(che)場(chang)頂(ding)板改變了(le)(le)過去做成硬化(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的做法(fa)，停車(che)場(chang)頂(ding)部大(da)(da)量采用(yong)(yong)種植屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，有(you)的采用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)復合銅(tong)胎基耐根(gen)穿刺防(fang)水(shui)卷材及塑料排(pai)水(shui)板作(zuo)為(wei)防(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)及排(pai)水(shui)層(ceng)，既防(fang)止植物根(gen)部穿刺現(xian)象(xiang)，又不(bu)(bu)影(ying)響植物的正常生長，更好地(di)(di)完善(shan)了(le)(le)種植屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)防(fang)排(pai)水(shui)系統屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，很大(da)(da)程(cheng)度上(shang)提高了(le)(le)綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積。

林業(ye)投資(zi)(zi)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)包括(kuo)社(she)會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)、企業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)和(he)個(ge)人生活(huo)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。社(she)會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)主(zhu)要反映(ying)的是(shi)投資(zi)(zi)對(dui)(dui)生態環境的影響(xiang)(xiang)以及(ji)對(dui)(dui)就業(ye)狀況和(he)社(she)會穩定的影響(xiang)(xiang);企業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)主(zhu)要反映(ying)的是(shi)投資(zi)(zi)對(dui)(dui)企業(ye)利潤的影響(xiang)(xiang);個(ge)人生活(huo)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)反映(ying)的是(shi)投資(zi)(zi)對(dui)(dui)個(ge)人生活(huo)水平的影響(xiang)(xiang)。追(zhui)求良好的投資(zi)(zi)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)是(shi)每(mei)個(ge)投資(zi)(zi)者共同(tong)的目(mu)標。在此(ci)，試從投資(zi)(zi)觀(guan)念、投資(zi)(zi)體制(zhi)、產權制(zhi)度(du)和(he)政府職能(neng)等方面對(dui)(dui)提高林業(ye)投資(zi)(zi)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)的途徑進(jin)行探(tan)討(tao)。

1.端正投資觀念

正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)觀(guan)(guan)念會減少林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)決(jue)策失誤(wu)和因(yin)失誤(wu)而(er)(er)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。為(wei)(wei)此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)活動中應(ying)樹(shu)立(li)(li)四個觀(guan)(guan)念。首(shou)先，應(ying)樹(shu)立(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)念。不(bu)能只重(zhong)視經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益而(er)(er)忽視了生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)，只重(zhong)視對(dui)(dui)已(yi)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)而(er)(er)忽視了資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再生(sheng)(sheng)。那(nei)種(zhong)毀(hui)(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)、亂砍(kan)濫伐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)平(ping)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)破壞，從社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度看，得不(bu)償失。據1997年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)，黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)江(jiang)省的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)可(ke)采(cai)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)比建國初期下降了85%左右，40個林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)中有(you)(you)一半無林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)可(ke)采(cai)。黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)江(jiang)省水土(tu)(tu)流失面(mian)(mian)積占(zhan)全省土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)11.2%。全國農業(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)劃辦(ban)公室利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)衛(wei)星遙感技術(shu)對(dui)(dui)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)江(jiang)三(san)江(jiang)平(ping)原9個縣(xian)(xian)(市)、內蒙古(gu)24個旗(市)、甘(gan)肅河西走廊17個縣(xian)(xian)(市)和新疆維(wei)吾(wu)爾自治區(qu)哈密地(di)(di)區(qu)3個縣(xian)(xian)(市)共53個縣(xian)(xian)級單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1986一1996年衛(wei)星遙感圖像進行(xing)(xing)(xing)判斷比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，發(fa)(fa)現北方(fang)四省區(qu)10年來(lai)刨草毀(hui)(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)現象(xiang)嚴重(zhong)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)墾土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積194萬h時，其中有(you)(you)49.2%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積在(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)墾后(hou)因(yin)沙化而(er)(er)撂(liao)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中，應(ying)該(gai)把(ba)保護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)社(she)會效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)第一位來(lai)考慮，嚴格限制采(cai)伐和加(jia)工(gong)(gong)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)天然林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)及毀(hui)(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。其次(ci)，應(ying)樹(shu)立(li)(li)科技開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)觀(guan)(guan)念，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)科技對(dui)(dui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻率。科技開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性遠遠大于資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大有(you)(you)潛力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如，快速育林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)、果樹(shu)新品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)、病蟲害防治技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)等(deng)。此(ci)外，蘑菇、木耳、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參、鹿茸(rong)、靈芝、熊膽等(deng)山(shan)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)產(chan)(chan)，長期以(yi)(yi)來(lai)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)原始形態(tai)展示在(zai)(zai)(zai)商品(pin)拒臺上，對(dui)(dui)這些特(te)產(chan)(chan)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)份的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)煉技術(shu)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)待于開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)。總之，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)不(bu)能停留在(zai)(zai)(zai)自然水平(ping)上，而(er)(er)應(ying)該(gai)加(jia)大高(gao)新技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含量。再次(ci)，應(ying)樹(shu)立(li)(li)綜合開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)念，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總體攀益。.林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周期較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)樹(shu)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)和消耗資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木材生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和加(jia)工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)上，還應(ying)該(gai)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)旅游誤(wu)樂項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)休閑公園項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、野菜種(zhong)植(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、中藥材種(zhong)植(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)馴(xun)養繁(fan)育基地(di)(di)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、以(yi)(yi)動物(wu)為(wei)(wei)原料(liao)來(lai)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制藥項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、果林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)多種(zhong)經(jing)(jing)營項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，以(yi)(yi)增加(jia)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)價值。最后(hou)，應(ying)樹(shu)立(li)(li)地(di)(di)盡(jin)其用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)念。長期以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，我們對(dui)(dui)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)所有(you)(you)權的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)考慮比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多，而(er)(er)對(dui)(dui)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)考慮較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少，寧肯讓土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)撂(liao)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)，也(ye)(ye)不(bu)肯讓個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，甚(shen)至(zhi)當荒(huang)(huang)(huang)地(di)(di)承(cheng)包人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)辛(xin)辛(xin)苦(ku)苦(ku)地(di)(di)把(ba)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)地(di)(di)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)起來(lai)，將(jiang)要取得經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益時，發(fa)(fa)包方(fang)以(yi)(yi)保護(hu)國家或集體利(li)(li)(li)益為(wei)(wei)名(ming)撕毀(hui)(hui)合同(tong)，強行(xing)(xing)(xing)收回土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)權。在(zai)(zai)(zai)國家和集體無力開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，應(ying)鼓勵個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)于已(yi)沙化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)、荒(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)得到(dao)經(jing)(jing)濟利(li)(li)(li)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，社(she)會也(ye)(ye)得到(dao)了因(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)改善而(er)(er)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。

2.深(shen)化投資體制與產權制度改革(ge)

林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)體制合(he)理(li)與否(fou)，也在(zai)很大(da)程度上(shang)(shang)影響林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低，應(ying)該(gai)根(gen)(gen)據不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質構造林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)體制。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)作(zuo)為社(she)(she)會管(guan)理(li)者應(ying)側重(zhong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)顯但社(she)(she)會效益(yi)(yi)突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，如(ru)，農田防護林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，天(tian)然(ran)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保護工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，造林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)科技開(kai)發(fa)(fa)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)院校、科研(yan)單位、行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理(li)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，城鎮綠(lv)化(hua)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)權(quan)可按項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)在(zai)中央和(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)計(ji)劃部(bu)門(men)之(zhi)間劃分，由(you)各級(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)申(shen)(shen)(shen)報(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，城鎮綠(lv)化(hua)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)泊由(you)城建主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)申(shen)(shen)(shen)報(bao)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)所(suo)需資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金應(ying)由(you)中央和(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)安(an)排(pai)撥付，并建立(li)跟蹤(zong)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制度。城鎮綠(lv)化(hua)所(suo)需資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金還可按“誰受益(yi)(yi)誰投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則通過(guo)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式從(cong)(cong)社(she)(she)會集資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為利(li)(li)潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)追求者，側重(zhong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)盈利(li)(li)可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，如(ru)，森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)旅游娛(yu)樂項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、各種(zhong)制品加工(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、經(jing)濟(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)繁(fan)育項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)等。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)權(quan)應(ying)根(gen)(gen)據項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體情(qing)況(kuang)來確定。凡(fan)是步及(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)或林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)草資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源利(li)(li)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)都應(ying)報(bao)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)和(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)理(li)部(bu)門(men)審(shen)(shen)(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)，報(bao)計(ji)劃主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)備案(an)(an)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)涉(she)及(ji)(ji)哪(na)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，就(jiu)將立(li)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)情(qing)況(kuang)報(bao)哪(na)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)備案(an)(an)。凡(fan)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)涉(she)及(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)和(he)(he)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)草資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源利(li)(li)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，均應(ying)由(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)，報(bao)計(ji)劃主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)和(he)(he)行業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)備案(an)(an)。當(dang)然(ran)，有(you)些事項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)需要(yao)(yao)依法辦理(li)手續，但這(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)問題。簡化(hua)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)程序，對某些項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)以(yi)備案(an)(an)登記制代替審(shen)(shen)(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)制，有(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)高投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效率，便于(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場競(jing)爭中生(sheng)存和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得破壞生(sheng)態環(huan)境，這(zhe)是個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)原則問題。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)有(you)盈利(li)(li)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，必須由(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)籌資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)負責(ze)為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)籌集資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金。國(guo)家(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)負責(ze)為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金，可以(yi)從(cong)(cong)預算上(shang)(shang)對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)形成一種(zhong)約束，避免企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)向國(guo)家(jia)爭資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金、盲目(mu)(mu)上(shang)(shang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人側重(zhong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)荒(huang)山、荒(huang)灘、荒(huang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、荒(huang)溝(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、沙化(hua)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利(li)(li)用(yong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、山野菜(cai)種(zhong)植加工(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)等適(shi)合(he)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體經(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。應(ying)鼓勵個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人承包沙化(hua)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、貧奮土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)(用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)植樹造林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)或種(zhong)糧種(zhong)草)，承包期應(ying)在(zai)2于(yu)(yu)(yu)一50年之(zhi)間，以(yi)保證投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)收益(yi)(yi)，調動其投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，從(cong)(cong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人立(li)場上(shang)(shang)看(kan)要(yao)(yao)考慮經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)(yi)，而從(cong)(cong)國(guo)家(jia)立(li)場上(shang)(shang)看(kan)，要(yao)(yao)考慮有(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改善。除了(le)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)承包需要(yao)(yao)依法簽仃合(he)同(tong)(tong)、占地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)報(bao)批(pi)(pi)(pi)外，個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)什么(me)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，只要(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)家(jia)禁止的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍，就(jiu)應(ying)由(you)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)，同(tong)(tong)時報(bao)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)部(bu)門(men)備案(an)(an)登記。就(jiu)是說，個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇應(ying)由(you)市場去調節，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)是素行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)拉(la)制，如(ru)果由(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)，社(she)(she)會管(guan)理(li)成本(ben)就(jiu)太高了(le)。個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)需資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金也是由(you)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人自(zi)行解(jie)決(jue)(jue)。個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人籌資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)途徑是申(shen)(shen)(shen)請銀(yin)行貨款、從(cong)(cong)他(ta)人那里借(jie)款和(he)(he)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累。

投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制也是(shi)影響投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要因素。產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)不明，投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者和(he)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任心就(jiu)(jiu)不強，投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效益(yi)(yi)自然會受(shou)到影響，應(ying)按照“誰(shui)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)誰(shui)擁有(you)(you)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)來建(jian)立產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制。這(zhe)里有(you)(you)三個(ge)(ge)問(wen)題需(xu)要探(tan)討:一是(shi)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)承包土地(di)(di)時，由個(ge)(ge)人(ren)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)林(lin)木等(deng)地(di)(di)上定著物(wu)和(he)附著物(wu)，其所(suo)有(you)(you)權(quan)應(ying)歸(gui)(gui)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者，那種以土地(di)(di)所(suo)有(you)(you)權(quan)歸(gui)(gui)國(guo)(guo)家或集體(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)借口肆(si)意(yi)毀(hui)壞承包者投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)培育的(de)(de)(de)(de)林(lin)木的(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)是(shi)錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)。二是(shi)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)用銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)貨款、發行(xing)(xing)債(zhai)券等(deng)負(fu)債(zhai)所(suo)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)所(suo)有(you)(you)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歸(gui)(gui)屬(shu)問(wen)題。從法(fa)律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度說，在債(zhai)務未償(chang)(chang)還(huan)(huan)以前，這(zhe)部(bu)(bu)分資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)應(ying)歸(gui)(gui)債(zhai)權(quan)人(ren)，但債(zhai)權(quan)人(ren)對(dui)這(zhe)部(bu)(bu)分資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)只(zhi)有(you)(you)依法(fa)受(shou)償(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)利(li)，而(er)沒(mei)有(you)(you)支配的(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)利(li)。當債(zhai)務償(chang)(chang)還(huan)(huan)之后(hou)，如果企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凈資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)價(jia)值(zhi)增(zeng)(zeng)加，則(ze)增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)權(quan)歸(gui)(gui)屬(shu)于(yu)原值(zhi)部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)者，即歸(gui)(gui)國(guo)(guo)家(股份制企(qi)業(ye)(ye)則(ze)歸(gui)(gui)各股東)，而(er)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)權(quan)仍歸(gui)(gui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。應(ying)將經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)(yi)與(yu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)率掛鉤(gou)，以調動經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性，提高投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效益(yi)(yi)。三是(shi)對(dui)于(yu)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)必要單設(she)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)公司來負(fu)責產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，因為(wei)(wei)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)權(quan)既然歸(gui)(gui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，政府國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構和(he)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)主管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門負(fu)責所(suo)有(you)(you)權(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，再另設(she)公司就(jiu)(jiu)只(zhi)能徒增(zeng)(zeng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)成本(ben)，降低(di)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)效益(yi)(yi)。

[摘要]以長江經濟(ji)帶為研究對(dui)象,采用QCA定性比較分(fen)析方法研究科技金(jin)融發展增長效率的(de)提升路徑。基于模型分(fen)析結果,對(dui)金(jin)融發展程(cheng)度高(gao)的(de)地區和(he)金(jin)融發展程(cheng)度低的(de)地區,分(fen)別提出相關政策建議。

[關鍵詞]科技(ji)金融效率;定(ding)性比較分析;優化路徑

一(yi)、引(yin)言與文獻綜(zong)述

“”報告明確提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu),我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)由高(gao)速增(zeng)長轉向高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段,經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)步(bu)入“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)常(chang)態”,經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)結(jie)構優(you)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)升(sheng)級迫在眉睫。經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)結(jie)構優(you)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)高(gao)質量(liang)增(zeng)長離不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支撐,科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)區(qu)(qu)域經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)動(dong)(dong)力,而金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)對(dui)(dui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)拉(la)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)機結(jie)合(he)(he)是(shi)促進(jin)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)、提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)企(qi)業(ye)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)活力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要條件,是(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)驅動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要著力點。科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)已成(cheng)(cheng)為現(xian)代經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最為活躍(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)大(da)(da)要素(su),科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要動(dong)(dong)能(neng),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)速器,科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)(du)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)形成(cheng)(cheng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社會發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)。科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)協同(tong)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),可(ke)以引(yin)導(dao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)優(you)化(hua)(hua)配置,促進(jin)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)產業(ye)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)匹(pi)配,為科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)產業(ye)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)全周期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)效(xiao)率服(fu)務(wu),構建和(he)(he)完善區(qu)(qu)域性科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)生(sheng)(sheng)態可(ke)為長江經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)帶(dai)高(gao)質量(liang)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)支持(chi)(chi)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院2011年(nian)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)結(jie)合(he)(he),已成(cheng)(cheng)為全國(guo)(guo)(guo)社會科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)界關注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)理論(lun)和(he)(he)政策問題,科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)日益重(zhong)要。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民銀(yin)行(xing)印發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)劃(2019—2021年(nian))》提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu),進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)增(zeng)強金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)應用(yong)能(neng)力,實現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)深度(du)(du)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)、協調發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),助力我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)位(wei)列國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領先地(di)位(wei)。北京市(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)管管理局提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu),未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)將是(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產業(ye),充(chong)分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)在跨境(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),可(ke)促進(jin)全球金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互(hu)聯互(hu)通(tong)。在疫情期間,全球資(zi)(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)面臨極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰(zhan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)出(chu)(chu)了極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)潛(qian)力,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放(fang)始終沒有(you)(you)(you)止步(bu),為在華中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)企(qi)業(ye)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)環境(jing)。科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義(yi)多(duo)有(you)(you)(you)爭論(lun),國(guo)(guo)(guo)內獲得普(pu)遍認可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)趙昌(chang)文(wen)等[1]提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)具(ju)論(lun)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)效(xiao)率與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)域發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外(wai)學(xue)者做(zuo)過(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)量(liang)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)學(xue)者Major和(he)(he)Chad[2]等研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian),政府部門能(neng)夠有(you)(you)(you)力推(tui)動(dong)(dong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)效(xiao)率,政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)支持(chi)(chi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)政策支持(chi)(chi)對(dui)(dui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)至關重(zhong)要;Hicks[3]通(tong)過(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)之間聯系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健(jian)全會對(dui)(dui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)產生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利影(ying)響;King和(he)(he)Levine[4]指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)以促進(jin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo),進(jin)而推(tui)動(dong)(dong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)進(jin)步(bu)。相比國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai),我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)起步(bu)較(jiao)晚,自趙昌(chang)文(wen)[1]提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)具(ju)論(lun)之后針對(dui)(dui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)才逐步(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)大(da)(da)多(duo)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)域科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)效(xiao)率,如徐(xu)玉蓮和(he)(he)王玉冬(dong)[5]等基于(yu)(yu)(yu)數(shu)據包絡分(fen)(fen)析研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)各省份的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)效(xiao)率差異較(jiao)大(da)(da);黃瑞芬和(he)(he)邱(qiu)夢圓(yuan)[6]研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)得出(chu)(chu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)水平(ping)整體(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao),且區(qu)(qu)域間有(you)(you)(you)顯著差異;龐金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)波等[7]利用(yong)PP模型實證(zheng)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)得出(chu)(chu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)東(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西部地(di)區(qu)(qu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)效(xiao)率不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi),各區(qu)(qu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均衡狀(zhuang)態;常(chang)亮(liang)和(he)(he)羅劍朝[8]通(tong)過(guo)(guo)DEA模型測算企(qi)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)效(xiao)率受不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)因素(su)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),且科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)投入對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)性質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)效(xiao)率具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)影(ying)響。綜上所(suo)述,國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外(wai)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)大(da)(da)都集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計算與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)域科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、企(qi)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫向對(dui)(dui)比,對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)綜合(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)仍有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足。基于(yu)(yu)(yu)此,本(ben)文(wen)以長江經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)帶(dai)為例(li),首先基于(yu)(yu)(yu)DEA-Malmquist指(zhi)數(shu),測算出(chu)(chu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)增(zeng)長效(xiao)率,再以此為結(jie)果(guo)變量(liang),采用(yong)QCA(QualitativeComparativeAnalysis)定(ding)性比較(jiao)分(fen)(fen)析方法,研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)增(zeng)長效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)路(lu)徑(jing),目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)為不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)參考路(lu)徑(jing),進(jin)而提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

二(er)、科技金融融合發展增長(chang)效率計算

(一(yi))DEA-Malmquist指數

摘要(yao)：隨著經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，人們逐漸由物質(zhi)追求(qiu)向精神文(wen)(wen)化(hua)追求(qiu)轉變，文(wen)(wen)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)成為新熱點，對社會(hui)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)的(de)升級、城市的(de)轉型起到(dao)重(zhong)要(yao)促進作(zuo)用。然而(er)，實證研究表(biao)明，居民(min)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)目(mu)前存(cun)在文(wen)(wen)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)比重(zhong)偏低、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不均(jun)和文(wen)(wen)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)層次(ci)較(jiao)低等現實問題。對此，需要(yao)從完(wan)善農村基礎文(wen)(wen)化(hua)建設、創新文(wen)(wen)化(hua)產(chan)品與服務的(de)供給(gei)路徑(jing)、開拓文(wen)(wen)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)新領域等維(wei)度進行創新，實現居民(min)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)的(de)提(ti)升目(mu)標(biao)。

關鍵(jian)詞：居(ju)民；文化消費；城市轉型；創新

文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)僅包括(kuo)科學知(zhi)識(shi)、思想精神(shen)等文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)，也包括(kuo)以物質形態(tai)呈現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)，是衡量一個(ge)地區居(ju)(ju)民消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)結構(gou)和(he)生活(huo)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)指標(biao)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)可(ke)以提高個(ge)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)修養，審(shen)美情趣(qu)，促進人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面發展(zhan)(zhan)。同時，其(qi)對于(yu)經(jing)濟和(he)社會發展(zhan)(zhan)而言，它能(neng)推動經(jing)濟新業(ye)態(tai)和(he)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)壯(zhuang)大，并有助于(yu)全(quan)民素質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升和(he)核心(xin)價值觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培育。作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)徽省(sheng)經(jing)濟發展(zhan)(zhan)最快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城市(shi)之一，近幾(ji)年(nian)，蕪(wu)(wu)湖(hu)發展(zhan)(zhan)迅猛，蕪(wu)(wu)湖(hu)以其(qi)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)及經(jing)濟立足于(yu)全(quan)省(sheng)。2018年(nian)已經(jing)進入全(quan)面建(jian)設(she)小(xiao)康社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決勝階(jie)段。為(wei)達(da)到該目標(biao)各項指標(biao)完均(jun)完成度較高，但(dan)城鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)民文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)出占家庭消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)出比重長(chang)期不(bu)足13%，2017年(nian)下滑到9.55%，并且(qie)近年(nian)來農村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教娛樂(le)服(fu)務支(zhi)(zhi)出占比逐年(nian)下降，成為(wei)了蕪(wu)(wu)湖(hu)全(quan)面建(jian)成小(xiao)康社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)短板。

一居(ju)民文(wen)化消費的(de)問題(ti)檢視

隨著中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟的(de)(de)(de)不斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)日益提(ti)高，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水平不斷提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，逐漸由(you)(you)物(wu)質消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)向文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)轉(zhuan)變，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們更(geng)加注(zhu)重精神(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)追(zhui)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)規模不斷擴大(da)。2013-2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)從576.7元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)800元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)11.53%。其中(zhong)(zhong)，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)從945.7元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)1268.7元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)10.27%，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農村(cun)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)從174.8元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)251.8元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)13.86%。[1]（一）蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)基本情況(kuang)。根據(ju)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)統計局《蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)統計年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)鑒》數據(ju)，2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)娛樂(le)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)2889.82元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，占(zhan)(zhan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)性(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重9.55%。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)娛樂(le)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)總(zong)(zong)額逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，但(dan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)娛樂(le)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)結構不平衡，農村(cun)低(di)于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)且(qie)呈現(xian)(xian)遞(di)(di)減趨(qu)勢(shi)。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來，蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)育娛樂(le)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)持續(xu)(xu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)每人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)娛樂(le)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)由(you)(you)2079.9元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)至(zhi)2889.82元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，凈增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)809.92元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)6.49%。蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)由(you)(you)1634.07元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)到(dao)1860元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)1.98%。2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以前，蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)占(zhan)(zhan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)生(sheng)活(huo)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重持續(xu)(xu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加，分別是2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)12.6%、2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)13.6%、2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)14.3%；2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)下(xia)滑(hua)，只占(zhan)(zhan)10.0%。2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)至(zhi)近(jin)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)谷(gu)底僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)7.6%。2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)所(suo)回升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)9.6%。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，農村(cun)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)由(you)(you)445.83元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)至(zhi)1029.82元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)18.71%。（二）居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題。1.文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重偏(pian)低(di)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)素質提(ti)高的(de)(de)(de)快慢取決于(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)社會中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重高低(di)，蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)GDP已于(yu)(yu)2010超過(guo)7294美(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)GDP已達12328美(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，但(dan)是文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)僅(jin)10%左右。[2]2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)低(di)于(yu)(yu)GDP增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅(fu)。目前，蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)普遍存在(zai)過(guo)分追(zhui)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)物(wu)質享(xiang)受，忽視精神(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)等(deng)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，因此造成文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重長(chang)(chang)(chang)期偏(pian)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)局面。蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)將面臨后勁不足等(deng)問(wen)(wen)題。根據(ju)2010-2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)統計年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)鑒》數據(ju)分析得(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)活(huo)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)傾向中(zhong)(zhong)食品、衣著、家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)設備(bei)用(yong)(yong)品及服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)、交通(tong)和(he)通(tong)信排在(zai)前四位，2010－2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)分別是：食品7.54%、衣著6.14%、家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)設備(bei)用(yong)(yong)品及服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)8.25%、交通(tong)和(he)通(tong)信8.32%，而文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)娛樂(le)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)4.6%。通(tong)過(guo)數據(ju)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)，蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)在(zai)不斷提(ti)高，從而導致物(wu)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)飛漲，生(sheng)存型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)占(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)98地(di)位，抑制(zhi)了(le)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。2.文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)32315.43萬元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，農村(cun)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)17306.96萬元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，是農村(cun)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)，其中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)1860萬元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，農村(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)1029.82萬元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)是農村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)一倍(bei)。根據(ju)近(jin)7年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來《蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)統計年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)鑒》數據(ju)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)，蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)13.11%，其文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)5.56%；其中(zhong)(zhong)，城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)10.37%，其文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)1.98%；農村(cun)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)20.32%，其文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)18.71%。蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)娛樂(le)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)總(zong)(zong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)額總(zong)(zong)體(ti)上呈逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)遞(di)(di)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)態勢(shi)，但(dan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)娛樂(le)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)結構上出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)不平衡。雖然農村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)及文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)大(da)于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，但(dan)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)及文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)仍遠低(di)于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，且(qie)農村(cun)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)娛樂(le)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)還呈現(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)下(xia)降(jiang)趨(qu)勢(shi)，從2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)11.63%到(dao)2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)7.1%，2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)略有(you)回升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)不平衡，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，導致農村(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)過(guo)低(di)。政府未重視農村(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)空缺。3.文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)層(ceng)次(ci)(ci)(ci)較(jiao)低(di)。在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)更(geng)偏(pian)向于(yu)(yu)電影、唱(chang)歌(ge)、電視等(deng)享(xiang)受型(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，話劇、舞(wu)臺(tai)劇、歌(ge)劇等(deng)精神(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、教(jiao)(jiao)育文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)偏(pian)向較(jiao)低(di)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)整體(ti)層(ceng)次(ci)(ci)(ci)低(di)。在(zai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)，高端文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)較(jiao)少。2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)舉(ju)辦歌(ge)劇、舞(wu)臺(tai)劇23場(chang)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，大(da)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)動15場(chang)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，大(da)型(xing)(xing)群眾性(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)動15場(chang)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)藝(yi)團體(ti)演出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)369場(chang)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，其中(zhong)(zhong)送文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)下(xia)鄉(xiang)（含送戲進萬村(cun)）1350場(chang)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。[3]

二居民文化消(xiao)費存在問題的原因(yin)