摘要：本文(wen)在十三五規(gui)劃“實(shi)施精(jing)準扶貧”的(de)(de)(de)大背(bei)景(jing)下(xia)，通過大量的(de)(de)(de)資料收集及實(shi)地(di)采訪(fang)調(diao)研，對(dui)貧困地(di)區(qu)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)推(tui)動(dong)精(jing)準扶貧效率低、成效差的(de)(de)(de)現狀進(jin)行剖(pou)析，力求(qiu)突破現存(cun)“輸(shu)(shu)血式(shi)”發展困境，打造以地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)發掘、培(pei)養、傳播、輸(shu)(shu)出等為一體的(de)(de)(de)“造血式(shi)”地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)發展模(mo)式(shi)，為推(tui)進(jin)國家地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)精(jing)準扶貧事(shi)業(ye)，加強(qiang)脫貧攻堅的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)準性和有(you)效性提供(gong)意見與策劃。

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：地理(li)標志(zhi)；精準扶(fu)貧；“輸血式(shi)(shi)”發(fa)展(zhan)困境；“造血式(shi)(shi)”發(fa)展(zhan)模式(shi)(shi)

一、地理標志(zhi)助(zhu)推精準扶貧現狀

在國家地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)，占比(bi)重較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)是農(nong)副產品(pin)(pin)。以湖南省為(wei)例，截止到(dao)2017年年底(di)，在成功申報的(de)(de)72個(ge)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)，初級農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)和(he)加工品(pin)(pin)占66個(ge)，占比(bi)高達92%。而貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)地區往往處(chu)于山區或偏遠地區，自然資源尤其(qi)是特色農(nong)副產品(pin)(pin)豐富但尚待充(chong)分的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)掘與培育。依(yi)托(tuo)當地地域(yu)優勢(shi)(shi)資源，將資源優勢(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)經濟(ji)優勢(shi)(shi)正應(ying)所需、前(qian)景(jing)廣(guang)闊。實行地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)品(pin)(pin)牌發(fa)(fa)展戰略(lve)，對推進貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)地區提升自我發(fa)(fa)展本領、做(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)強縣域(yu)經濟(ji)，幫助(zhu)貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)人(ren)口就近就業、長期就業，具(ju)備較(jiao)(jiao)強的(de)(de)現實意(yi)義(yi)。而在實際運用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)，貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)地區地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用(yong)意(yi)識弱且(qie)運用(yong)效率低(di)下(xia)，“輸血式”地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)發(fa)(fa)展戰略(lve)難以發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)助(zhu)推精準(zhun)扶貧(pin)的(de)(de)規模優勢(shi)(shi)。

二(er)、現存“輸血式”發展問題

(一(yi)(yi))貧(pin)(pin)困地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源優勢(shi)沒(mei)有得到充分發(fa)(fa)掘和(he)(he)(he)利(li)(li)用。多(duo)數貧(pin)(pin)困地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)擁有著豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源稟賦和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)潛力，但由(you)于這(zhe)些地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)人民(min)(min)受教育(yu)程度一(yi)(yi)般較(jiao)低(di)、運(yun)用現代技術手段進(jin)行(xing)科學(xue)開發(fa)(fa)資(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)足，且客觀上(shang)基(ji)礎設施(shi)較(jiao)為落后，由(you)此導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力水平低(di)下。在這(zhe)種(zhong)條(tiao)件(jian)下，當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源優勢(shi)難以轉化為特(te)色產(chan)(chan)業(ye)優勢(shi)，而(er)特(te)色產(chan)(chan)業(ye)也恰是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心價值所在，也是(shi)農民(min)(min)實現增(zeng)收、完(wan)成(cheng)脫貧(pin)(pin)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龐大潛力所在。(二(er)(er))國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知識(shi)(shi)(shi)普(pu)及和(he)(he)(he)推廣力度嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足。“輸血式”扶貧(pin)(pin)模式下，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)與政府(fu)單(dan)方面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)資(zi)(zi)金投入以期(qi)推動貧(pin)(pin)困地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，而(er)忽視(shi)對當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)人民(min)(min)進(jin)行(xing)充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教育(yu)與宣傳(chuan)(chuan)。地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知識(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)普(pu)及不(bu)(bu)到位致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)貧(pin)(pin)困地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政府(fu)、企業(ye)、協會與農民(min)(min)忽視(shi)了(le)利(li)(li)用當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)特(te)色資(zi)(zi)源重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)培育(yu)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)并進(jin)行(xing)后期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)申報與運(yun)營(ying)。(三(san))已注冊(ce)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存在著“重(zhong)(zhong)注冊(ce)輕使(shi)用”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)競爭(zheng)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)健全。傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)模式更注重(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)戶單(dan)打獨斗，共同合作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)(he)(he)分工生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)在具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)流(liu)程中涉及較(jiao)少。這(zhe)種(zhong)簡單(dan)意義上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)只能帶來重(zhong)(zhong)復生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)低(di)效運(yun)營(ying)，無法發(fa)(fa)揮競爭(zheng)在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)用。二(er)(er)是(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)播渠道不(bu)(bu)暢通(tong)。一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)傳(chuan)(chuan)播渠道狹小(xiao)，過分依靠傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大眾(zhong)媒體；另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)傳(chuan)(chuan)播形(xing)式單(dan)一(yi)(yi)，過多(duo)依賴硬性傳(chuan)(chuan)播，缺乏展(zhan)會結合、公關營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)等手段，不(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于擴(kuo)大品(pin)(pin)牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)播范圍和(he)(he)(he)影響力。三(san)是(shi)營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)模式不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)熟。在營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)過程中沒(mei)有很好地(di)(di)(di)利(li)(li)用地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)進(jin)行(xing)精準化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定位營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)，同時營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策略(lve)和(he)(he)(he)手段都(dou)較(jiao)為單(dan)一(yi)(yi)，沒(mei)有著重(zhong)(zhong)突出品(pin)(pin)牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個性和(he)(he)(he)區(qu)域特(te)色，不(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)對產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)親(qin)近感和(he)(he)(he)認同感。四是(shi)保護機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)完(wan)善(shan)。不(bu)(bu)法商家(jia)(jia)利(li)(li)用消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)對地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)辨識(shi)(shi)(shi)力低(di)、容易混(hun)淆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心理，對地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)仿造(zao)甚至(zhi)是(shi)偽造(zao)，影響了(le)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)牌形(xing)象和(he)(he)(he)美譽度。

第一章總則

第一條為(wei)規范農產(chan)(chan)品地理(li)標志(zhi)的使用，保(bao)證(zheng)地理(li)標志(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)品的品質和(he)(he)特色，提(ti)升農產(chan)(chan)品市場競爭(zheng)力，依(yi)據《中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)(he)國(guo)農業法(fa)》、《中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)(he)國(guo)農產(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)安全法(fa)》相關(guan)規定，制定本(ben)辦法(fa)。

第二(er)條本辦法所稱農(nong)(nong)產品是指(zhi)來源于農(nong)(nong)業的(de)初級產品，即在農(nong)(nong)業活動中獲得的(de)植(zhi)物、動物、微生物及(ji)其產品。

本辦法所(suo)稱農產品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)，是指標示農產品(pin)來源(yuan)于(yu)特(te)定(ding)地(di)域，產品(pin)品(pin)質和相關特(te)征主要取(qu)決于(yu)自然生態環境(jing)和歷史人文因素，并以(yi)地(di)域名稱冠名的特(te)有農產品(pin)標志(zhi)。

第三條國家對(dui)農產品(pin)地理標志實行登記制度。經登記的農產品(pin)地理標志受法律保護。

第(di)四條農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)負責(ze)全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地理(li)標志的登記(ji)工作(zuo)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質量安全(quan)中心負責(ze)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地理(li)標志登記(ji)的審查和專家評審工作(zuo)。

第一章總則

第一條為有效保(bao)護*玉(yu)地(di)理標志(zhi)產品，規(gui)(gui)范生產經營秩序，根據《中華人民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)產品質量(liang)法(fa)》、《中華人民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)標準化法(fa)》和(he)《地(di)理標志(zhi)產品保(bao)護規(gui)(gui)定》等(deng)有關法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)，結合*實際，制定本辦法(fa)。

第二條任何(he)生(sheng)產、銷售*玉及(ji)其制品的單(dan)位和個(ge)人及(ji)*玉地理(li)(li)標(biao)志產品保(bao)護管理(li)(li)機構(gou)必須遵守本辦法。

第三條本辦法(fa)所稱*玉是指以*地名命名，出(chu)產(chan)于地理標志產(chan)品(pin)(pin)保護范(fan)圍內的(de)玉石及其制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)。

第(di)四條依據國(guo)家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局公告（年第(di)號）規定，*玉(yu)地理標志產品(pin)保護(hu)范圍是(shi)：遼寧(ning)省鞍山(shan)市*滿族白治縣現(xian)轄(xia)行政區域。

第五條禁止(zhi)偽造冒用(yong)(yong)*玉(yu)地理標(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)標(biao)志(zhi)，非*玉(yu)地理標(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)保護范圍內或未按規(gui)定程序(xu)申請(qing)使用(yong)(yong)*玉(yu)地理標(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)標(biao)志(zhi)的玉(yu)石及(ji)其制品(pin)(pin)(pin)，不得使用(yong)(yong)*玉(yu)名稱(cheng)。

1地(di)理標志的相關概念及特征

GeographicalIndications,即“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志”,包括(kuo)貨源(yuan)(yuan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)和原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)。“貨源(yuan)(yuan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)是(shi)指(zhi)表示(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)某(mou)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區或(huo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)說明(ming)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji),通(tong)常由名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)或(huo)符號組成(cheng)”,例如“中國(guo)制造(zao)”等。“原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)是(shi)指(zhi)一(yi)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區或(huo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng),用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)一(yi)項產(chan)(chan)品(pin)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),其(qi)(qi)質量(liang)或(huo)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)完(wan)全(quan)或(huo)主要(yao)取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)環境(jing),包括(kuo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然和人(ren)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素”。目前,法律(lv)所保護的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志主要(yao)是(shi)指(zhi)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng),而(er)不包括(kuo)貨源(yuan)(yuan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)。TRIPS協(xie)議第(di)22條第(di)1款將“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志”規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)“表明(ming)某(mou)一(yi)貨物來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)某(mou)一(yi)成(cheng)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)領土或(huo)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)領土內的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區或(huo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji),而(er)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)貨物所具(ju)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)、聲(sheng)譽或(huo)其(qi)(qi)他特(te)(te)(te)性實質上(shang)歸因(yin)(yin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)”。我國(guo)《商標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法》第(di)16條第(di)2款將其(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)義為(wei)“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)某(mou)商品(pin)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)某(mou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區,該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)商品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)質量(liang)、信譽或(huo)者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)他特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng),主要(yao)由該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然因(yin)(yin)素或(huo)者(zhe)人(ren)文(wen)因(yin)(yin)素所決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志”,國(guo)家(jia)(jia)出(chu)入境(jing)檢驗檢疫(yi)局頒(ban)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)《原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》第(di)4條第(di)3款規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志是(shi)指(zhi)一(yi)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區或(huo)特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng),用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)一(yi)項產(chan)(chan)品(pin)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),且該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)完(wan)全(quan)或(huo)主要(yao)取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)環境(jing)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然條件、人(ren)文(wen)背景等因(yin)(yin)素”。國(guo)家(jia)(jia)質量(liang)監督檢驗檢疫(yi)總局2005年頒(ban)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)《地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志產(chan)(chan)品(pin)保護規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》第(di)2條規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志產(chan)(chan)品(pin),是(shi)指(zhi)產(chan)(chan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域,所具(ju)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)、聲(sheng)譽或(huo)其(qi)(qi)他特(te)(te)(te)性本(ben)(ben)質上(shang)取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然因(yin)(yin)素和人(ren)文(wen)因(yin)(yin)素,經(jing)審核批準以地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)進行命名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志產(chan)(chan)品(pin)包括(kuo):①來(lai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植、養(yang)殖產(chan)(chan)品(pin);②原(yuan)材料全(quan)部來(lai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區或(huo)部分來(lai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)其(qi)(qi)他地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區,并在本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區按(an)照特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)藝生產(chan)(chan)和加工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)”。從以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)中,可以得出(chu)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志”主要(yao)有以下四個(ge)基本(ben)(ben)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng):

第一,標(biao)(biao)示某(mou)(mou)一特(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區、地(di)(di)(di)域,具有(you)指(zhi)示性(xing)(xing)、地(di)(di)(di)緣(yuan)性(xing)(xing)。地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)表明(ming)某(mou)(mou)一商品(pin)來源于某(mou)(mou)一特(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區、地(di)(di)(di)域或(huo)地(di)(di)(di)方,既指(zhi)示了商品(pin)的(de)特(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)來源,又決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了只有(you)屬(shu)于商品(pin)特(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)來源地(di)(di)(di)的(de)才可以擁有(you)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),因此具有(you)指(zhi)示性(xing)(xing)和地(di)(di)(di)緣(yuan)性(xing)(xing)。

第二(er),表明商(shang)品與特定地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然因素(su)或人(ren)文(wen)因素(su)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan),具(ju)有(you)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)性(xing)、客(ke)觀(guan)性(xing)。地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志直接(jie)體現了某一(yi)商(shang)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量、聲譽等(deng)特征(zheng),直接(jie)決定于其地(di)(di)理(li)來源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然因素(su)、人(ren)文(wen)因素(su)等(deng),因此具(ju)有(you)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)性(xing),并且這種相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)性(xing)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)是客(ke)觀(guan)真實存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de),虛(xu)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志不被視為地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志,如“北(bei)京”空調,因而地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志必(bi)(bi)須(xu)具(ju)有(you)客(ke)觀(guan)性(xing)。

第三,直接體現(xian)特定(ding)商品(pin)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)、聲譽等特征,具有價(jia)值性。地理(li)標志指(zhi)向(xiang)一定(ding)的(de)產品(pin),并(bing)且直接表明該商品(pin)具有某種或(huo)某些區別于其(qi)他同類商品(pin)的(de)特殊質(zhi)量(liang)、信譽等特征,在競爭中就(jiu)具有極大的(de)優勢(shi),會產生巨大的(de)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益,所以其(qi)具有價(jia)值性。

第四,地理標志(zhi)的(de)產生基(ji)于(yu)商品的(de)特殊(shu)品質、聲(sheng)譽等與某地區自然(ran)因素(su)、人文因素(su)相關聯的(de)事實,并非(fei)基(ji)于(yu)法律(lv)的(de)規(gui)定,具有自然(ran)性,并且其(qi)存(cun)續(xu)也以(yi)此種(zhong)關聯事實的(de)存(cun)續(xu)為前提(ti),只有這種(zhong)關聯事實消(xiao)亡(wang)才(cai)會(hui)導致(zhi)地理標志(zhi)的(de)消(xiao)亡(wang),不因期限等原因而消(xiao)亡(wang),因此又具有某種(zhong)意義(yi)上的(de)永久(jiu)性。

摘要：文(wen)章首先分析(xi)我國地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)基因，接(jie)著從信(xin)息特(te)性、價值等方面(mian)討論其(qi)文(wen)化(hua)信(xin)息屬(shu)性。在(zai)此基礎(chu)上提出地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志文(wen)化(hua)信(xin)息資(zi)源概(gai)念(nian)，從物質載體與知識內核兩方面(mian)揭示文(wen)化(hua)信(xin)息資(zi)源的(de)(de)結構，從開(kai)發(fa)(fa)目標(biao)(biao)、開(kai)發(fa)(fa)模式、開(kai)發(fa)(fa)條件、開(kai)發(fa)(fa)工具、開(kai)發(fa)(fa)場景(jing)等方面(mian)提出我國地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志文(wen)化(hua)信(xin)息資(zi)源的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)策略。

關鍵(jian)詞：地理標志 知識(shi)產(chan)權 文(wen)化信息 資源信息 資源開發 非(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)化遺產(chan)

引言：《知(zhi)識產權強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)建設綱要（2021－2035年）》[1]提出推(tui)動地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志與(yu)(yu)歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)承以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)鄉村(cun)振興有(you)機(ji)融合(he)的(de)(de)目標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。《地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志保護和(he)運用“十(shi)四(si)(si)五(wu)”規劃(hua)》（下稱《地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志“十(shi)四(si)(si)五(wu)”規劃(hua)》）指(zhi)出地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志是(shi)重要的(de)(de)知(zhi)識產權，是(shi)保護和(he)傳(chuan)承傳(chuan)統優秀(xiu)(xiu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)鮮(xian)活載體[2]。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)在把地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志工(gong)作上(shang)升到新高度(du)之時，對(dui)其(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)(lun)斷為(wei)(wei)這一寶貴(gui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)指(zhi)明(ming)(ming)了(le)方向(xiang)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)一體兩面(mian)不可(ke)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)關系[3]，對(dui)某事物予以(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)，實(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)對(dui)其(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)是(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)（IRM）學(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)研(yan)究熱點，目前研(yan)究對(dui)象集中在檔案(an)[4]、紅色(se)史料[5]，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)少數(shu)民(min)族[6]、地(di)(di)(di)方特色(se)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)[7]、非物質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產[8]、傳(chuan)統村(cun)落[9]等方面(mian)，雖然部(bu)分(fen)(fen)內容(rong)與(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志在客觀上(shang)形(xing)成交叉或(huo)重合(he)，但對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志的(de)(de)專門研(yan)究尚未納(na)入學(xue)科(ke)視野。上(shang)述事實(shi)反映(ying)了(le)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)IRM學(xue)科(ke)與(yu)(yu)當(dang)前國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志事業的(de)(de)戰略發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)不協(xie)調(diao)、不匹配。另一方面(mian)，對(dui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)關注不能僅局限在精神層面(mian)的(de)(de)創造活動、表(biao)現(xian)形(xing)式與(yu)(yu)結(jie)(jie)果，還應(ying)擴展(zhan)為(wei)(wei)人們具有(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)和(he)意義的(de)(de)生活方式[10]。地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志正(zheng)是(shi)一種兩者兼(jian)具的(de)(de)事物，如(ru)借助地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志可(ke)將原住(zhu)民(min)飲食文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生產力，使文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)保護與(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)社會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)形(xing)成良性(xing)互動[11]，地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志飲食文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)實(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)社會政(zheng)治價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀和(he)秩序的(de)(de)反映(ying)[12]。因此，它(ta)應(ying)成為(wei)(wei)IRM學(xue)科(ke)重點關注的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)工(gong)具和(he)對(dui)象。然而(er)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)大多數(shu)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志未能充分(fen)(fen)挖(wa)掘自身文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)并展(zhan)現(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)[13]。總(zong)體而(er)言，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志領(ling)域面(mian)臨文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)全(quan)貌難以(yi)(yi)概覽、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)缺(que)乏模式、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)敘事挖(wa)掘缺(que)乏整(zheng)體圖景(jing)依據(ju)等短板。因此，推(tui)動地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)需要對(dui)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)屬(shu)性(xing)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)概念等基本問題進行討論(lun)(lun)(lun)。筆者利(li)用“地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志and文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”“地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志and人文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)”“地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志and信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)”等檢索(suo)詞在讀秀(xiu)(xiu)、中國(guo)(guo)知(zhi)網數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)，利(li)用“((證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)章or地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示)and(文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)or人文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)))”“((證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)章or地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示)and(資(zi)訊(xun)or訊(xun)息(xi)(xi)(xi)))”等檢索(suo)詞在我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)臺灣華藝學(xue)術文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)，利(li)用“geographicalindicationandcultureandChina”“geographicalindicationand(humanismorhumanity)andChina”“geographicalindicationandinformationresource”等檢索(suo)詞在Scopus和(he)WebofScience數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)進行文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻檢索(suo)，之后逐(zhu)一篩選(xuan)，歸納(na)總(zong)結(jie)(jie)。本文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)首先分(fen)(fen)析我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)基因，從信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)特性(xing)和(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)等方面(mian)討論(lun)(lun)(lun)其(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)屬(shu)性(xing)。在此基礎(chu)上(shang)提出地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)概念，并闡釋其(qi)結(jie)(jie)構，最后提出我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)策略，并進行了(le)案(an)例分(fen)(fen)析，以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)后續(xu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)研(yan)究與(yu)(yu)產業實(shi)踐提供參考(kao)。

1我國地理標志中(zhong)的文化信息

我(wo)國地理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)具有文(wen)(wen)(wen)化基因，蘊含豐富的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化信息(xi)，并以人文(wen)(wen)(wen)因素(su)為表(biao)征，向外(wai)界(jie)傳播(bo)中華(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化。本節(jie)對我(wo)國地理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化基因進(jin)行(xing)分析，對地理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)人文(wen)(wen)(wen)因素(su)與文(wen)(wen)(wen)化信息(xi)的(de)關(guan)系進(jin)行(xing)討(tao)論，據此對地理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化信息(xi)特性和價值進(jin)行(xing)總結。

1.1我(wo)國(guo)地理標志的(de)文化(hua)基(ji)因

1

一、浙江(jiang)在全國地理標(biao)志(zhi)保護中的地位2

二、關于地理標志的(de)一般理論3

(一)地理標志的涵義和(he)相關概念3

1、“產地標記”4

2、“原產地”4

黨的(de)十七大(da)明確(que)提出(chu)：“解決(jue)好(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民問題，事關(guan)全面建設小康社會大(da)局，必須始終作為(wei)全黨工作的(de)重(zhong)中之重(zhong)。”要求“以(yi)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收為(wei)核心(xin)”。近年(nian)來，全國(guo)各級工商行政管理(li)機關(guan)認真貫徹落實黨中央、國(guo)務院關(guan)于促(cu)(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收、促(cu)(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)決(jue)策和(he)部(bu)署，在地方(fang)各級黨委和(he)政府(fu)及各有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門(men)的(de)大(da)力支持下，積極(ji)運用農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品商標(biao)和(he)地理(li)標(biao)志，在增(zeng)加農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收入、帶動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村各項(xiang)事業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展上取(qu)得了(le)明顯成效(xiao)，引起了(le)國(guo)內外的(de)重(zhong)視。

一、農(nong)產(chan)品商標和地理標志的基本(ben)概念

農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)商標(biao)，顧名思(si)義(yi)就是(shi)指在農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)上注(zhu)冊和使用的商標(biao)。農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)商標(biao)屬(shu)于普(pu)通的商品(pin)(pin)商標(biao)。

地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，是指標(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)某(mou)(mou)商品來(lai)源(yuan)于某(mou)(mou)地(di)(di)區，并且該商品的特(te)定(ding)質量(liang)、信(xin)譽(yu)或其他特(te)征主要由該地(di)(di)區的自然因素或者人文(wen)因素所決定(ding)的標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)既(ji)是產地(di)(di)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，表明產品的地(di)(di)域(yu)來(lai)源(yuan)；又標(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)產品具有特(te)定(ding)品質。

二、依據商標(biao)法律保護農(nong)產品商標(biao)和(he)地理標(biao)志(zhi)

我國(guo)自上世(shi)紀(ji)八十年代(dai)就開始對(dui)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志進行(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)政保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。1995年開始以證明(ming)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、集體(ti)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)形式(shi)對(dui)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志予以注(zhu)冊(ce)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。20**年10月，為了(le)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)入世(shi)承諾，我國(guo)修(xiu)改(gai)《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)》,將(jiang)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志納(na)入了(le)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)律保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍，并對(dui)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志作了(le)明(ming)確規定。2002年國(guo)務院頒布的(de)《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)實(shi)(shi)施條(tiao)例》第六條(tiao)進一(yi)步對(dui)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志的(de)注(zhu)冊(ce)與保(bao)護(hu)(hu)作出了(le)明(ming)確規定。20**年4月，根據《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)》和(he)《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)實(shi)(shi)施條(tiao)例》的(de)有(you)關(guan)規定，國(guo)家工商(shang)(shang)總局(ju)對(dui)1994年的(de)《集體(ti)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、證明(ming)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)和(he)管理辦法(fa)》作了(le)修(xiu)改(gai)，予以重新(xin)。

摘(zhai)要：農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志是提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)競爭力，打造農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)區域品(pin)牌，發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重要手段。現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)存在(zai)一注了事(shi)、管理(li)粗(cu)放(fang)、缺乏長(chang)遠(yuan)規劃等(deng)問題，沒有(you)(you)得(de)到有(you)(you)效(xiao)運用(yong)和(he)推(tui)廣，真正發(fa)揮農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志提升產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質、推(tui)進(jin)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)專業化和(he)集約化、增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)附加(jia)值等(deng)功能，發(fa)揮應有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)。因此，研究(jiu)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志證明(ming)（集體(ti)）商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)概念和(he)特性，是科(ke)學運用(yong)和(he)推(tui)廣農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志證明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)基礎，對(dui)實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志經濟(ji)效(xiao)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)最大化，具(ju)有(you)(you)重要意義(yi)。

關鍵詞(ci)：農(nong)產品地理標志特征

近年(nian)來(lai)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收，加(jia)(jia)快新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設步(bu)伐(fa),各地大力加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌建設。有關(guan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌建設的(de)(de)研(yan)究，也得到(dao)了發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。目(mu)前(qian)，我(wo)國(guo)打(da)造農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌是(shi)(shi)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)注冊(ce)和(he)推(tui)(tui)廣為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要手(shou)段的(de)(de)。據(ju)國(guo)家(jia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)局公布的(de)(de)數據(ju)，2006年(nian)5月份，我(wo)國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)注冊(ce)的(de)(de)地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證明(ming)(ming)（集體）商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)171件，到(dao)了2010年(nian)12月31日，就(jiu)達到(dao)了866件，增長4倍。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)些注冊(ce)的(de)(de)地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證明(ming)(ming)（集體）商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)中(zhong)，90%以(yi)上為(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，種類涉及水(shui)果、茶葉、家(jia)禽、水(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、藥材(cai)等(deng)各個方面。這(zhe)些地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)注冊(ce)使(shi)用(yong)，對推(tui)(tui)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌建設，加(jia)(jia)快農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，增加(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收入，已發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)了一定(ding)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)，我(wo)們在(zai)(zai)調研(yan)中(zhong)也發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現，許(xu)多地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)存在(zai)(zai)一注了事、管理(li)(li)(li)(li)粗放、缺(que)乏長遠規劃等(deng)問題，沒有得到(dao)有效(xiao)運用(yong)和(he)推(tui)(tui)廣，真正發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提升產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質、推(tui)(tui)進(jin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)專業(ye)化(hua)和(he)集約化(hua)、增加(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)附加(jia)(jia)值等(deng)功能，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)應有的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益。因此，研(yan)究地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證明(ming)(ming)（集體）商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)概念和(he)特性，是(shi)(shi)科學(xue)運用(yong)和(he)推(tui)(tui)廣農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證明(ming)(ming)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)基礎，對實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)用(yong)的(de)(de)最大化(hua)，具有一定(ding)的(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論價值和(he)現實意義。

一、農產品地(di)理標志的(de)概念

農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)是指(zhi)該(gai)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)來源于某地(di)區，該(gai)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)的特定(ding)質量、信譽或者其他特征，主(zhu)要由該(gai)地(di)區的自然因(yin)素或者人(ren)文(wen)因(yin)素所決定(ding)的標志(zhi)。

目前我(wo)(wo)國已注冊(ce)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，90%以上(shang)注冊(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。我(wo)(wo)國對農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)，主要是以注冊(ce)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)明商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)集體商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式實現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生就(jiu)是為了保護(hu)那些有特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，這些產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)多(duo)是源(yuan)自(zi)于(yu)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然環境和(he)人文(wen)因(yin)(yin)素(su)，而農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)也(ye)多(duo)是由于(yu)氣候、土壤、水質等自(zi)然因(yin)(yin)素(su)和(he)特(te)(te)殊工藝、傳(chuan)統技術和(he)加工方(fang)法等人文(wen)因(yin)(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培育(yu)。可見，地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異對于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)發揮著決定性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)只是地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)類(lei)型，實踐中(zhong)也(ye)有許多(duo)不(bu)以地(di)(di)(di)名為商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)不(bu)僅僅使(shi)用在農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)之上(shang)，瓷器、絲(si)綢(chou)、酒類(lei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)也(ye)可以使(shi)用地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)以區別來(lai)源(yuan)。

同志們：

一、一致看(kan)法，明白農業部分展開農產物地(di)輿標記維護(hu)任(ren)務的主要性和緊迫性。

農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)標記(ji)(ji)(ji)是標示農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)起原于特定地(di)區(qu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質量和(he)相關特征首要取(qu)決于天(tian)然生態情況和(he)前史人文要素，并(bing)以地(di)區(qu)稱(cheng)號冠名的(de)特有農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)標記(ji)(ji)(ji)。國度(du)對農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)標記(ji)(ji)(ji)執行注(zhu)銷(xiao)(xiao)準則，經注(zhu)銷(xiao)(xiao)的(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)標記(ji)(ji)(ji)受司(si)法(fa)維護。展開(kai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)標記(ji)(ji)(ji)注(zhu)銷(xiao)(xiao)治理(li)，關于我(wo)省農(nong)(nong)業(ye)財產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)晉級、農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)市場競爭力進(jin)步(bu)、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)增效(xiao)及農(nong)(nong)人增收意義(yi)嚴(yan)重。各地(di)要在深化進(jin)修和(he)體會(hui)《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)標記(ji)(ji)(ji)治理(li)方法(fa)》等相關律(lv)例的(de)深入寄義(yi)的(de)根底上，進(jin)步(bu)思維看法(fa)，加強責(ze)任(ren)(ren)感和(he)緊迫感，敏捷(jie)展開(kai)這項任(ren)(ren)務。

一是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)推進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業財(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)開展。因(yin)為(wei)地(di)(di)(di)輿(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)維(wei)護(hu)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)及其出(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)進(jin)(jin)程有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)嚴厲的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準，既可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)起(qi)到優(you)(you)化(hua)種(zhong)類、進(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)質量(liang)(liang)、添加(jia)(jia)效益的(de)(de)效果，更可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)帶(dai)動(dong)中(zhong)介(jie)效勞，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)優(you)(you)勢(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)出(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)、發賣(mai)一體化(hua)的(de)(de)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)化(hua)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業財(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)開展。二是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)區(qu)域(yu)特(te)征(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)帶(dai)的(de)(de)開展。經(jing)過(guo)地(di)(di)(di)輿(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)的(de)(de)維(wei)護(hu)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)充沛發揚(yang)區(qu)域(yu)資本的(de)(de)相對優(you)(you)勢(shi)，調(diao)整農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業構(gou)(gou)(gou)造；可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)渙散運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶和中(zhong)小企業結(jie)合起(qi)來(lai)，完成(cheng)規(gui)劃(hua)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)拳頭(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)區(qu)域(yu)特(te)征(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)帶(dai)的(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)，推進(jin)(jin)優(you)(you)勢(shi)特(te)征(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業財(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)開展。三是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)、組織化(hua)水平(ping)。履行(xing)“地(di)(di)(di)輿(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)＋龍頭(tou)企業＋農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶”的(de)(de)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)化(hua)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)形式，將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)輿(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)作為(wei)聯絡企業與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶的(de)(de)紐帶(dai)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)極大地(di)(di)(di)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)、組織化(hua)水平(ping)。四是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭力。市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭已從價錢競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭、質量(liang)(liang)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭逐漸走向產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)品牌(pai)和文明競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭，應(ying)用農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)輿(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)，有(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)以(yi)(yi)規(gui)范標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準出(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、以(yi)(yi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)包管產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)質量(liang)(liang)、以(yi)(yi)品牌(pai)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)發賣(mai)的(de)(de)良性機制，進(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭力。五是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)保證(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)人(ren)(ren)權(quan)益。施行(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)輿(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)維(wei)護(hu)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)常識產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)維(wei)護(hu)認識，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)人(ren)(ren)構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)現代市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟觀念，使統一區(qu)域(yu)內農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶結(jie)合起(qi)來(lai)，運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)特(te)定(ding)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)，參(can)加(jia)(jia)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭，有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)保證(zheng)廣闊農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)權(quan)益。

其次，要明白(bai)展開農產物地輿標記維護任務是(shi)農業部分義無(wu)反(fan)顧的(de)職責(ze)。

《中華人民(min)共和國農(nong)(nong)業法》、《農(nong)(nong)產物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)平安法》和《農(nong)(nong)產物(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)(ji)治理方法》付與了各級(ji)農(nong)(nong)業主管部(bu)分(fen)在農(nong)(nong)產物(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)監管和標(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)(ji)治理上的法律主體位(wei)置。還(huan)，近(jin)幾年的中心(xin)一(yi)號文件(jian)對加(jia)(jia)速履行農(nong)(nong)產物(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)有明白要求(qiu)，展開農(nong)(nong)產物(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)(ji)注銷(xiao)已成為農(nong)(nong)業部(bu)分(fen)的主要本能機(ji)能。因(yin)而，各級(ji)農(nong)(nong)業部(bu)分(fen)要仔細(xi)組織進(jin)修《農(nong)(nong)產物(wu)(wu)地(di)輿(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)(ji)治理方法》及其相關文件(jian)，特(te)殊是一(yi)把手要帶頭學，地(di)輿(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)(ji)(ji)任務(wu)機(ji)構要深化學，具(ju)體精(jing)確(que)地(di)掌握其內容本質(zhi)，進(jin)步履職(zhi)認識，加(jia)(jia)強任務(wu)的責任感，充沛應用(yong)農(nong)(nong)業系(xi)統的資本優勢，創始性地(di)展開任務(wu)。

一、地理標志的由來與界定

地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)與前文(wen)所(suo)(suo)述進出(chu)(chu)口貿易(yi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是相互鄰(lin)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)個概念，但(dan)兩(liang)(liang)者(zhe)卻(que)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)不(bu)同，進出(chu)(chu)口貿易(yi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是貨源標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，而(er)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)不(bu)只(zhi)如此(ci)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)由來(lai)及其對經濟發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，要追溯到本(ben)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)30年(nian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)國(guo)(guo)。本(ben)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)30年(nian)代(dai)，法(fa)(fa)國(guo)(guo)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)葡(pu)萄(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過剩危機，市(shi)場上假(jia)冒名(ming)(ming)(ming)葡(pu)萄(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)泛濫。為(wei)此(ci)，葡(pu)萄(tao)種(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)者(zhe)、葡(pu)萄(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)釀(niang)造業(ye)者(zhe)和(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)國(guo)(guo)政府于1935年(nian)組(zu)建了“全國(guo)(guo)特(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)葡(pu)萄(tao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)酒(jiu)(jiu)及烈性名(ming)(ming)(ming)酒(jiu)(jiu)研究所(suo)(suo)”，著手以(yi)(yi)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)對商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究工作。“原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”命名(ming)(ming)(ming)主要圍繞土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)、葡(pu)萄(tao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)和(he)(he)人三個方面展(zhan)(zhan)開，即本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)人文(wen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)環境能夠為(wei)市(shi)場提供具有(you)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。法(fa)(fa)國(guo)(guo)自1935年(nian)實行(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，以(yi)(yi)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)400多(duo)個，以(yi)(yi)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)酒(jiu)(jiu)類(lei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量達23億升；以(yi)(yi)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)種(zhong)植(zhi)面積占法(fa)(fa)國(guo)(guo)葡(pu)萄(tao)種(zhong)植(zhi)總面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)52％。近幾十年(nian)來(lai)，法(fa)(fa)國(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍已從酒(jiu)(jiu)類(lei)擴展(zhan)(zhan)到奶酪(lao)及其它產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)如橄(gan)欖、核桃(tao)等(deng)。原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)與一般產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)相比(bi)較，具有(you)知名(ming)(ming)(ming)度(du)高(gao)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)好(hao)、高(gao)附加值等(deng)特(te)點(dian)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)世(shi)(shi)界上很(hen)多(duo)國(guo)(guo)家都出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了以(yi)(yi)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)(fa)。1992年(nian)7月14日，歐共體第2081／92法(fa)(fa)令，明確規定(ding)保護(hu)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)“原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”命名(ming)(ming)(ming)及保護(hu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。1996年(nian)6月，歐盟為(wei)加強對歐盟農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)，公布了農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)名(ming)(ming)(ming)單，凡注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌，只(zhi)有(you)在“原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，并嚴格遵(zun)守有(you)關(guan)標(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)才能使用。

世(shi)界貿(mao)易(yi)組織《與(yu)(yu)貿(mao)易(yi)有(you)(you)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)協議》第22條中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，指(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)來標(biao)(biao)(biao)示原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)于某(mou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區并具備由(you)(you)本地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然環境(jing)和人(ren)為(wei)要(yao)(yao)素(su)所確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和特(te)色產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)商(shang)(shang)業標(biao)(biao)(biao)記。這(zhe)(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“某(mou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區”可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家，如(ru)中國(guo)(guo)陶瓷、法國(guo)(guo)白葡萄酒，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)國(guo)(guo)家中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區，如(ru)天津鴨梨、峨山(shan)礦泉水，還可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區內(nei)更(geng)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，如(ru)龍井茶、景德鎮(zhen)瓷器。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)商(shang)(shang)業標(biao)(biao)(biao)記，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)通(tong)用(yong)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組合(he)而成，如(ru)新疆(jiang)葡萄干(gan)，其(qi)中“新疆(jiang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，“葡萄干(gan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)通(tong)用(yong)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)度(du)達到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)程度(du)時(shi)，往往只(zhi)取地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)便可(ke)(ke)實現(xian)(xian)整個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)示功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，如(ru)“香檳(bin)(bin)酒”習慣被人(ren)們稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)“香檳(bin)(bin)”。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)三個(ge)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)：首先，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，但它不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實際存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，其(qi)涵蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域范圍(wei)大可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家，小(xiao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)省、市、縣、鎮(zhen)、村。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域內(nei)某(mou)種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、制(zhi)(zhi)造、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)者(zhe)共(gong)同(tong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)商(shang)(shang)業標(biao)(biao)(biao)記。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)(you)較高聲譽(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（即商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)落(luo)款或貨源標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）經當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)某(mou)種(zhong)(zhong)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、制(zhi)(zhi)造、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長期使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，其(qi)聲譽(yu)不斷(duan)提高，令消費公眾對(dui)(dui)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)種(zhong)(zhong)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了(le)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)而又(you)特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)任感，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就轉(zhuan)化(hua)成了(le)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)次，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)其(qi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和特(te)色密切相關。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之所以(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發展(zhan)成地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，關鍵是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和特(te)色是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然因(yin)素(su)和人(ren)為(wei)因(yin)素(su)決定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然因(yin)素(su)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)、氣候、土(tu)質(zhi)、水源、物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)及天然原(yuan)料等；這(zhe)(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)為(wei)因(yin)素(su)主要(yao)(yao)指(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術(shu)、傳統配(pei)方或秘訣(jue)等。上述人(ren)文地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)條件(jian)對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)歷史過程，它可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)為(wei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)內(nei)世(shi)代生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、所選原(yuan)料等生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)要(yao)(yao)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律性認(ren)識，進而形(xing)成穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和特(te)色，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)為(wei)消費公眾對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)最(zui)和特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍認(ren)同(tong)，由(you)(you)此形(xing)成產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)譽(yu)，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)二者(zhe)兼而有(you)(you)之。再次，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)證書，又(you)代表(biao)了(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)信(xin)譽(yu)，因(yin)此有(you)(you)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會影(ying)響。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)社(she)會影(ying)響就地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域而言，可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)世(shi)界性地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、全國(guo)(guo)性地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區性地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；就影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會主體而言，指(zhi)(zhi)達到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)數量(liang)(liang)范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消費群體。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)特(te)點決定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)：地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、制(zhi)(zhi)造、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)者(zhe)共(gong)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項無形(xing)財產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)們參與(yu)(yu)市場競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)利(li)手段。

地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)屬(shu)性和功(gong)能與(yu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)基本相同(tong)(tong)(tong)。它(ta)們都屬(shu)工業產權的(de)范疇，是(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品生產經(jing)營(ying)者參與(yu)市場競爭的(de)一種手段(duan)(duan)，都有商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品來源(yuan)區別功(gong)能。但二者也有很多不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)之處：一是(shi)(shi)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來區分不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)產地(di)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)則(ze)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來區別同(tong)(tong)(tong)類商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品或服務(wu)項目(mu)的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)生產經(jing)營(ying)者。同(tong)(tong)(tong)一產地(di)的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)生產經(jing)營(ying)者可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，但使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)卻不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。二是(shi)(shi)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)一般只用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品，而商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)范圍即可(ke)是(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品，亦可(ke)是(shi)(shi)服務(wu)項目(mu)。三是(shi)(shi)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)質量(liang)信(xin)譽表(biao)示(shi)(shi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)取(qu)決于產地(di)的(de)人文地(di)理(li)條件，而商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)信(xin)譽表(biao)示(shi)(shi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)則(ze)取(qu)決于具體(ti)生產經(jing)營(ying)者的(de)經(jing)營(ying)管理(li)水(shui)平(ping)。有一點需要說明，依照(zhao)有關國際公約和我國法(fa)律規(gui)定，地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)注冊(ce)為(wei)“證明商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)”。當然，注冊(ce)為(wei)“證明商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)”并(bing)非地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)獲得法(fa)律保護的(de)唯一手段(duan)(duan)。

二、地理標志權

通(tong)過(guo)上文對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)涵義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)分析，不難得出(chu)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)權的(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念(nian)。所謂地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)權是指(zhi)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)內特定商品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)者對(dui)其產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)名稱(cheng)享有(you)的(de)(de)(de)專有(you)性(xing)權利。其中“特定商品(pin)”是由具備產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)文地(di)(di)(di)理(li)條(tiao)件確定的(de)(de)(de)特定質量和特色的(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)，該商品(pin)符合(he)真(zhen)實、穩定的(de)(de)(de)傳統條(tiao)件，在一(yi)定地(di)(di)(di)域范圍內享有(you)較穩定的(de)(de)(de)信譽(yu)。“生產(chan)(chan)者”指(zhi)從事特定商品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)、制造、加工的(de)(de)(de)單位或個(ge)人(ren)。關于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)權的(de)(de)(de)涵義(yi)，可(ke)以從以下(xia)幾個(ge)方面把握(wo)：