導語：簡(jian)述施(shi)工方案對工程造(zao)價的影響一文(wen)來源于(yu)網友上傳，不代表本(ben)站觀點(dian)，若需要原(yuan)創文(wen)章可咨詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：工程造價的高低，很大程度上取決于施工方案是否合理。本文結合實際案例分析論述施工方案對水運工程造價的作用與影響，簡要說明編制科學合(he)理的施工方(fang)案應考(kao)慮的相關因素(su)，供相關人員借鑒、參考(kao)。

關(guan)鍵詞：施工(gong)方案(an)；工(gong)程(cheng)造價；作用與影響(xiang)

水(shui)運工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)計階段的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價控(kong)制，重點在于設(she)計施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)的(de)(de)選擇。由于海上施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境較(jiao)(jiao)為復雜，不可預見因素較(jiao)(jiao)多，在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)的(de)(de)選擇時應十(shi)分慎重，不同(tong)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)產生不同(tong)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)成本，并將導致實際工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價的(de)(de)偏差。控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價，減少投(tou)資是項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)業(ye)主追求的(de)(de)目(mu)標，這就需要造(zao)價工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師具(ju)備較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)技術水(shui)平，認知不同(tong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價的(de)(de)作用與(yu)影響(xiang)(xiang)，能(neng)夠結(jie)合工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實際，綜(zong)合各(ge)種因素（如(ru)工(gong)(gong)期、質(zhi)量、造(zao)價等(deng)）考量，提出(chu)控(kong)制造(zao)價的(de)(de)合理化建(jian)議，為項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)業(ye)主提供優質(zhi)的(de)(de)服務。現以廈門(men)海滄港區22#泊位碼頭(tou)港池(chi)疏浚及(ji)陸域形成工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)為例，論述施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價的(de)(de)作用與(yu)影響(xiang)(xiang)。

1項目概況

廈(sha)門港海滄港區22#泊(bo)位(wei)碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)位(wei)于(yu)九龍江河口(kou)灣北(bei)岸，東側(ce)為(wei)已建(jian)成的(de)21#泊(bo)位(wei)，西側(ce)緊鄰(lin)廈(sha)漳大橋。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)建(jian)7萬噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)(ji)通用(yong)泊(bo)位(wei)1個(ge)，考慮未來船(chuan)舶大型化的(de)發展，水工(gong)(gong)結(jie)構按靠泊(bo)10萬噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)(ji)散貨船(chuan)舶（5萬噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)(ji)集(ji)裝箱(xiang)）設計(ji)，碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)長(chang)338米，碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)面高程(cheng)(cheng)7.5米，前沿設計(ji)底標高為(wei)-15.3m，碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)主體(ti)為(wei)重力(li)式(shi)沉箱(xiang)結(jie)構，水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)安全(quan)等級(ji)(ji)為(wei)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)，結(jie)構重要性系數y。=1.0，設計(ji)使(shi)用(yong)年(nian)限(xian)50年(nian)。西護岸總(zong)(zong)長(chang)187.85米，按臨(lin)時建(jian)筑(zhu)物設計(ji)。碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)陸域(yu)內新(xin)建(jian)臨(lin)時圍(wei)埝總(zong)(zong)長(chang)1256.04米，其中(zhong)南側(ce)圍(wei)埝長(chang)440.9m，西側(ce)圍(wei)埝長(chang)815.14m，設計(ji)使(shi)用(yong)年(nian)限(xian)為(wei)5年(nian)，臨(lin)時圍(wei)埝區陸域(yu)形成總(zong)(zong)方量約(yue)120萬立方米，詳見(jian)圖一。港池疏(shu)浚(含基(ji)槽(cao))總(zong)(zong)方量約(yue)220萬立方米。

2陸(lu)域形成及基槽(cao)挖泥、港池疏浚工程施工方案和工程造價分析

2.1施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an):方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)一(原(yuan)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)):陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)依靠(kao)回填(tian)海(hai)砂(sha)(sha)(sha),范(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)現圍(wei)埝(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)，現圍(wei)埝(nian)(nian)與碼頭之間(jian)(jian)陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)待碼頭岸壁(bi)結構建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)封(feng)閉(bi)區(qu)域(yu)后(hou)(hou)再進行回填(tian)。圍(wei)埝(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)回填(tian)海(hai)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)120萬(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)面積18萬(wan)平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，詳見圖一。陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)基(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)采用(yong)強(qiang)夯工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi),夯擊能為(wei)(wei)(wei)2000kN.m。基(ji)(ji)槽(cao)(cao)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)、港(gang)(gang)(gang)池(chi)疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)采用(yong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)拋(pao)(pao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)量(liang)(liang)(liang)220萬(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，采用(yong)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)裝(zhuang)駁，駁運(yun)(yun)(yun)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過港(gang)(gang)(gang)口主(zhu)航(hang)(hang)道(dao)至(zhi)東碇(ding)島(dao)納(na)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)區(qu)拋(pao)(pao)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)距約(yue)(yue)40km。該方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要特點：(1)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)簡單、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟；(2)、陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)采用(yong)強(qiang)夯進行軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)基(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)短、見效較(jiao)(jiao)快，但(dan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)需要大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)海(hai)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)，目(mu)前正逢翔安(an)新機(ji)場(chang)(chang)及(ji)產業(ye)園區(qu)等多(duo)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)，政府加強(qiang)海(hai)洋(yang)環(huan)境保護(hu)，嚴控海(hai)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)開(kai)采，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)海(hai)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)供應(ying)非常(chang)緊張。另外(wai)(wai)(wai)，大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)頻繁通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過航(hang)(hang)道(dao)，對(dui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)口通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)航(hang)(hang)環(huan)境會產生較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)影響；(3)、海(hai)洋(yang)管(guan)(guan)區(qu)對(dui)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)區(qu)拋(pao)(pao)填(tian)有(you)嚴格監管(guan)(guan)措施(shi)，基(ji)(ji)槽(cao)(cao)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)、港(gang)(gang)(gang)池(chi)疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)物(wu)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)拋(pao)(pao)難度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)，另外(wai)(wai)(wai)，棄(qi)(qi)(qi)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)頻繁通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過進港(gang)(gang)(gang)主(zhu)航(hang)(hang)道(dao)將(jiang)對(dui)港(gang)(gang)(gang)口通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)航(hang)(hang)環(huan)境造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)影響。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)二(er)(er)（造價咨詢(xun)單位建議方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)）:基(ji)(ji)槽(cao)(cao)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)、港(gang)(gang)(gang)池(chi)疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)采用(yong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)+絞(jiao)吸船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)吹填(tian)造陸(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，以盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)減少(shao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)則(ze)，除表層(ceng)淤泥(ni)(ni)(ni)外(wai)(wai)(wai)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，底(di)層(ceng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)土質較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)物(wu)吹填(tian)至(zhi)后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)拋(pao)(pao)約(yue)(yue)100萬(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，吹填(tian)造陸(lu)(lu)約(yue)(yue)120萬(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)利(li)用(yong)基(ji)(ji)槽(cao)(cao)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)、港(gang)(gang)(gang)池(chi)疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)土并減少(shao)用(yong)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)則(ze)，軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)基(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)采用(yong)塑料排水(shui)(shui)(shui)板+1米(mi)(mi)厚排水(shui)(shui)(shui)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)墊(dian)層(ceng)+開(kai)山土堆(dui)載(zai)預(yu)壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi),卸載(zai)后(hou)(hou)再進行強(qiang)夯處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)。施(shi)打塑料排水(shui)(shui)(shui)板長(chang)共(gong)700萬(wan)米(mi)(mi)，回填(tian)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)墊(dian)層(ceng)18萬(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，堆(dui)、卸載(zai)開(kai)山土約(yue)(yue)150萬(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，堆(dui)載(zai)時間(jian)(jian)約(yue)(yue)150天，軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)基(ji)(ji)壓(ya)縮沉降量(liang)(liang)(liang)平均按1米(mi)(mi)考慮，卸載(zai)后(hou)(hou)開(kai)山土在碼頭后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)。該方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要特點:(1)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)相(xiang)對(dui)復雜、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟；(2)、陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)采用(yong)塑料排水(shui)(shui)(shui)板+堆(dui)載(zai)預(yu)壓(ya)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)基(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，堆(dui)載(zai)時間(jian)(jian)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)長(chang)，見效較(jiao)(jiao)慢。但(dan)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)回填(tian)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)供應(ying)較(jiao)(jiao)有(you)保障，對(dui)航(hang)(hang)道(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)航(hang)(hang)環(huan)境影響相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)；(3)、基(ji)(ji)槽(cao)(cao)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)、港(gang)(gang)(gang)池(chi)疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)外(wai)(wai)(wai)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)，符合(he)相(xiang)關管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門監管(guan)(guan)要求，同時也減輕(qing)航(hang)(hang)道(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)航(hang)(hang)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力。2.2工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價分(fen)析:以上述兩(liang)種施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎，按照交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)(yun)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)概(gai)算(suan)預(yu)算(suan)編(bian)制(zhi)規定(ding)》（JTS/T116—2019）、《沿海(hai)港(gang)(gang)(gang)口工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)機(ji)械艘（臺）班(ban)費用(yong)定(ding)額》（JTS/T276-2—2019）、交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)[2019]《疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)概(gai)算(suan)、預(yu)算(suan)編(bian)制(zhi)規定(ding)》及(ji)《疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)艘班(ban)費用(yong)定(ding)額》等有(you)關規定(ding)，并參照福建省交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)息廈門市(shi)(shi)(shi)2020年當期(qi)信(xin)息價及(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)詢(xun)價，分(fen)析編(bian)制(zhi)陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和基(ji)(ji)槽(cao)(cao)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)、港(gang)(gang)(gang)池(chi)疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)概(gai)算(suan)造價如下:分(fen)析計(ji)算(suan)結果(guo)表明，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)二(er)(er)的(de)(de)(de)概(gai)算(suan)造價比方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)一減少(shao)31%(8100萬(wan)元),雖(sui)然施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)基(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)堆(dui)載(zai)預(yu)壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)略長(chang)，但(dan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟；利(li)用(yong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)基(ji)(ji)槽(cao)(cao)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)、港(gang)(gang)(gang)池(chi)疏浚(jun)(jun)(jun)物(wu)，減少(shao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，同時陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)用(yong)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)，不(bu)僅緩解了海(hai)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)供應(ying)難度(du)，還降低了對(dui)航(hang)(hang)道(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)航(hang)(hang)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)影響，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)航(hang)(hang)安(an)全(quan)更有(you)保障。按方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)二(er)(er)實施(shi)，將(jiang)給碼頭業(ye)主(zhu)節約(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)投資(zi)，具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效益和社會效益。

3施工方案對工程造價的作用與影響

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低很大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上取決于施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，就會得出不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。3.1施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)在(zai)(zai)(zai)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)中具(ju)有指(zhi)導(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong):(1)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)包含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)點(dian)(dian):施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中極(ji)(ji)其(qi)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)指(zhi)導(dao)性(xing)(xing)文件(jian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)基(ji)本內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)(xing),并(bing)詳細列示(shi)和(he)(he)(he)說明施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)所(suo)(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)點(dian)(dian),造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管理(li)(li)人(ren)員在(zai)(zai)(zai)具(ju)體開展造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)編(bian)(bian)(bian)審(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中應(ying)全(quan)(quan)面、準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)了解工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)及(ji)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),才能(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)編(bian)(bian)(bian)審(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)。(2)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)依據(ju)(ju):工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)中，涉及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)(he)子項很多，想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)做好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)一定(ding)難度(du)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面反(fan)映和(he)(he)(he)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)表(biao)述(shu)，因此我們要(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)利(li)用(yong)(yong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，讓其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中發揮(hui)指(zhi)導(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，優化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)更加符合(he)(he)實際需要(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)要(yao)(yao)求。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項目是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)單(dan)(dan)項、單(dan)(dan)位工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，再細分(fen)(fen)為(wei)分(fen)(fen)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、材料、船機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗量構成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)單(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、材料、船機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗量也(ye)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)必須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)額(e)(e)，如本文案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碼(ma)(ma)頭港池疏浚(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，根據(ju)(ju)疏浚(jun)土質、棄(qi)泥區位置及(ji)航(hang)道通航(hang)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)(yao)求，可(ke)以(yi)選(xuan)擇疏浚(jun)物外(wai)拋或吹填方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，外(wai)拋還(huan)可(ke)選(xuan)擇抓斗(dou)式(shi)挖(wa)泥船挖(wa)泥裝駁外(wai)棄(qi)和(he)(he)(he)自(zi)航(hang)爬吸式(shi)挖(wa)泥船裝運(yun)拋等(deng)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)；再如碼(ma)(ma)頭后方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)陸域軟基(ji)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，有強夯(hang)、打塑料排水(shui)(shui)(shui)板+堆載預壓(ya)及(ji)打塑料排水(shui)(shui)(shui)板+真空(kong)預壓(ya)等(deng)多種處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)；還(huan)有如重(zhong)力(li)式(shi)碼(ma)(ma)頭拋石(shi)基(ji)床夯(hang)實，可(ke)以(yi)選(xuan)擇打夯(hang)船錘夯(hang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，也(ye)可(ke)選(xuan)擇爆(bao)破夯(hang)實方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)與施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)，相應(ying)就要(yao)(yao)套用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)額(e)(e)。由(you)此可(ke)見，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)對(dui)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)供(gong)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)信(xin)息，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有力(li)支(zhi)撐，是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)依據(ju)(ju)。3.2施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響:合(he)(he)理(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)對(dui)于施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)本身來(lai)說十分(fen)(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)，關系到(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠取得預期效(xiao)果，并(bing)發揮(hui)積極(ji)(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。合(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)可(ke)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)供(gong)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)論依據(ju)(ju)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)主要(yao)(yao)體現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)下幾(ji)個(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面:(1)、適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)(xing)。主要(yao)(yao)體現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地自(zi)然條(tiao)件(jian)相適(shi)應(ying)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目建(jian)設(she)順利(li)有效(xiao)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；(2)、準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)性(xing)(xing)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)信(xin)息準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)有效(xiao)，可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)；(3)、先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)應(ying)盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝；(4)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量是(shi)(shi)(shi)有保(bao)障的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；(5)、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)保(bao)性(xing)(xing)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)應(ying)節(jie)(jie)約能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗，減(jian)少對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，達到(dao)可(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)；(6)、經濟合(he)(he)理(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)可(ke)以(yi)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)降低工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)本，達到(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

4如何(he)制(zhi)定科學合(he)理的施(shi)工方(fang)案(an)

制(zhi)(zhi)定一份科學合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)，可以使建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目質(zhi)量、造價(jia)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期得到最有(you)效(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，達到預期目標(biao)(biao)。首先，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編制(zhi)(zhi)人員應(ying)(ying)具有(you)扎實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)論知(zhi)識和(he)(he)專業技術(shu)水平(ping)，全面準確了解建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所在地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)資源和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件(jian)，熟(shu)悉政府有(you)關部門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，掌握當(dang)(dang)地大宗材料(liao)(liao)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)供應(ying)(ying)情況(kuang)及(ji)(ji)業主對投資、質(zhi)量和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)目標(biao)(biao)，并綜合(he)(he)(he)考慮如(ru)(ru)下幾(ji)個方面因(yin)素進(jin)行(xing)編制(zhi)(zhi)。1施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)可順(shun)利取(qu)得預期效(xiao)果(guo)，并發揮積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)論指導和(he)(he)技術(shu)支持作(zuo)用；2政府有(you)關部門(men)(men)相(xiang)關管理(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。如(ru)(ru)環境(jing)和(he)(he)自然(ran)保護區保護、用海和(he)(he)棄泥區使用許可、涉及(ji)(ji)爆破的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)政許可等；3當(dang)(dang)地大宗材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)供應(ying)(ying)情況(kuang)。主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)鋼材、水泥、砂石料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)需用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)殊材料(liao)(liao)等；4可以使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新技術(shu)、新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、新材料(liao)(liao)；5施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)船(chuan)機設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)性(xing)，包(bao)括施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件(jian)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)性(xing)和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)性(xing)。如(ru)(ru)選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)船(chuan)舶適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)(風、浪、流)條(tiao)件(jian)，選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起重船(chuan)起重能(neng)力和(he)(he)起升高度是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)滿(man)足(zu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)等；6大型構(gou)件(jian)預制(zhi)(zhi)(制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo))出運(yun)場(chang)地選(xuan)址(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)可行(xing)性(xing)和(he)(he)經(jing)濟(ji)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)性(xing)。如(ru)(ru)水深是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)滿(man)足(zu)大型構(gou)件(jian)出運(yun)船(chuan)舶吃水要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，盡(jin)可能(neng)選(xuan)址(zhi)(zhi)在建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)附(fu)近，減少(shao)海運(yun)航程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；7減少(shao)能(neng)耗，合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)用油(you)、用電；8施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)方案(an)成(cheng)熟(shu)，安全可靠；9施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本相(xiang)對較低，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)可以得到有(you)效(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。編制(zhi)(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通過技術(shu)經(jing)濟(ji)比較，即采用定性(xing)分(fen)析(xi)方法(fa)或定量分(fen)析(xi)方法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)比較，不斷優化，才能(neng)完成(cheng)一份技術(shu)上(shang)可行(xing)，同時滿(man)足(zu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期、質(zhi)量等要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，且(qie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)。

5結語

綜上所述(shu)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案對水運工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造(zao)價有十分顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)作用與影(ying)響，基于水運工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)特殊性，影(ying)響施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案的(de)因素較多，選擇一個科學合理的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案，可以降低工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設成(cheng)本，有效控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造(zao)價。造(zao)價管理人(ren)員必須加強學習(xi)，不斷(duan)提高理論(lun)知識和(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)水平，掌握(wo)各項新技(ji)術(shu)、新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案，促進工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目更好的(de)發揮投(tou)資效益。

參考文獻

[1]張文(wen)軍.淺(qian)議工程(cheng)施工方案對(dui)工程(cheng)造價的(de)影(ying)響[J].建(jian)材與裝飾,2018(44):125-126.

[2]劉蓓蓓.工程量清單(dan)模(mo)式下施(shi)工方(fang)案對工程造(zao)價的影響分析研究[D].安徽(hui)建筑大學,2017.

作者:周成旺 單位:福建(jian)省建(jian)審(shen)工程項目管理咨(zi)詢有限公(gong)司(si)廈門分(fen)公(gong)司(si)