導(dao)語：如何(he)才能寫(xie)好(hao)一(yi)篇(pian)智能化變電站，這就需要搜集整理更(geng)多(duo)的資料和(he)文(wen)獻，歡迎閱讀由公(gong)務員之家整理的十篇(pian)范(fan)文(wen)，供(gong)你(ni)借(jie)鑒。

篇1

【關鍵詞】電子式互(hu)感(gan)器；合并單元；GOOSE；IEC61850

0 引言

數字化變電站是由智能化一次設備和網絡化二次設備分層構建，建立在IEC61850通信規范基礎上，能夠實現變電站內IED設(she)(she)備(bei)信息(xi)共享和互操作的(de)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)變電站(zhan)。采(cai)用先進、可(ke)靠、集(ji)成、低碳、環保的(de)智能設(she)(she)備(bei)，以全(quan)站(zhan)信息(xi)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、通信平(ping)臺網(wang)絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、信息(xi)共享標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)為基本要求，自動完成信息(xi)采(cai)集(ji)、測量(liang)、控制(zhi)、保護、計(ji)量(liang)和監(jian)測等基本功能，并可(ke)根據(ju)需要支(zhi)持電網(wang)實時自動控制(zhi)、智能調節、在線分析決(jue)策、協同互動等高級功能的(de)變電站(zhan)。

1 智能化一次設備

智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)一(yi)次設(she)備(bei)包括電(dian)子(zi)式互感器、MU、智能(neng)(neng)終端等。未來智能(neng)(neng)變電(dian)站將增設(she)以(yi)變壓器、斷路器等為重點監測對象(xiang)的(de)在線狀態(tai)監測單元，通過(guo)電(dian)學、光(guang)學、化(hua)學等技術手(shou)段對一(yi)次設(she)備(bei)狀態(tai)量(liang)進行在線監測，實(shi)現設(she)備(bei)狀態(tai)信(xin)息數字化(hua)采集、網絡(luo)化(hua)傳輸(shu)、狀態(tai)綜合分析及(ji)可視(shi)化(hua)展示。

監測范圍與參量：

1） 220kV變電(dian)站

（1） 監測范圍：主變、GIS、避雷器；

（2） 監測參量(liang)：主變――油(you)中(zhong)溶解氣體；220kV GIS――SF6氣體密度、微水、局部放(fang)電；110kV GIS――SF6氣體密度、微水；避雷器――泄(xie)漏電流、動(dong)作次數(shu)。

2）110kV及以下變電站

（1） 監(jian)測范圍：主變、避雷器；

 （2） 監測參量：主變――油中(zhong)溶解氣體；避雷器――泄(xie)漏電流、動(dong)作次數。

電子式互感器

電(dian)子(zi)式互感器(qi)將一(yi)次系(xi)統的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流量轉化為遠端模塊(kuai)可(ke)以直接采(cai)樣的(de)弱電(dian)量，遠端模塊(kuai)采(cai)樣后經光(guang)纖(xian)發(fa)送(song)(song)給(gei)合(he)并(bing)(bing)單元，合(he)并(bing)(bing)單元重(zhong)新組幀后遵循(xun)IEC60044-8定義的(de)串行數(shu)據(ju)接口標(biao)準，使用光(guang)纖(xian)發(fa)送(song)(song)給(gei)線路保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、變壓(ya)器(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、母差保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、測控裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、計量設備(bei)和故障錄(lu)波(bo)等裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，根據(ju)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、測量等裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)個數(shu)可(ke)對發(fa)送(song)(song)通道(dao)的(de)數(shu)量進(jin)行擴(kuo)展(zhan)。

電子(zi)式(shi)互感器通常(chang)由傳感模(mo)(mo)塊和合并(bing)單(dan)元兩部(bu)分(fen)構成，傳感模(mo)(mo)塊又稱(cheng)遠(yuan)端(duan)模(mo)(mo)塊，安(an)裝在高壓(ya)一次側(ce)，負(fu)責采集、調理一次側(ce)電壓(ya)電流并(bing)轉換成數字信(xin)號。

合(he)并單元（簡(jian)稱MU）是(shi)與(yu)電子式互(hu)感器配合(he)使用的(de)數據采(cai)集發送單元，并具備監控等功(gong)能。通常安裝(zhuang)在二次側，負責(ze)對(dui)各(ge)相遠端(duan)模(mo)塊傳來的(de)信號做同步(bu)合(he)并處(chu)理。

2 網(wang)絡化(hua)二(er)次設備

同時(shi)IEC61850標(biao)準定義了其中(zhong)兩種抽象(xiang)模型(xing)：采樣(yang)值傳(chuan)輸(shu)（SAV）模型(xing)和(he)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)（GOOSE）模型(xing)。其中(zhong)SAV模型(xing)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于采樣(yang)值傳(chuan)輸(shu)及相關服務(wu)(wu)，而GOOSE模型(xing)則(ze)提供(gong)了變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)（如命令(ling)、告(gao)警等）快(kuai)速(su)傳(chuan)輸(shu)的(de)機(ji)制(zhi)，可用(yong)(yong)于跳閘和(he)故障錄(lu)波啟動等報(bao)文(wen)的(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)。GOOSE，即Generic Object Oriented Substation Event（通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)面向對(dui)象(xiang)的(de)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)），是IEC61850的(de)特色之一，提供(gong)了網絡(luo)(luo)通(tong)(tong)訊條件(jian)(jian)下快(kuai)速(su)信(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)和(he)交換的(de)手段。當發(fa)生任何(he)狀(zhuang)態變化(hua)時(shi)，智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)子裝置將借助變化(hua)報(bao)告(gao)，高速(su)傳(chuan)送二(er)進制(zhi)對(dui)象(xiang)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)面向對(dui)象(xiang)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)報(bao)告(gao)，該報(bao)告(gao)一般包含有(you)：狀(zhuang)態輸(shu)入(ru)、起動和(he)輸(shu)出(chu)元件(jian)(jian)、繼電(dian)(dian)器等實際和(he)虛擬的(de)每一個(ge)雙點命令(ling)狀(zhuang)態。GOOSE服務(wu)(wu)直接(jie)映射到網絡(luo)(luo)數據鏈(lian)路層(ceng)上，確(que)保重要信(xin)息(xi)的(de)優先級傳(chuan)遞，使用(yong)(yong)廣播地(di)址進行信(xin)息(xi)的(de)多路發(fa)送。

圖(tu) 1 有源電子(zi)式互感器構成(cheng)

3 需要注意的問(wen)題

3.1 智能變(bian)電站下二次安措(cuo)的執行

傳統(tong)變電(dian)站下，執行二次安措需斷開(kai)外(wai)界電(dian)壓電(dian)流以(yi)及(ji)解開(kai)啟動失靈等(deng)回(hui)路(lu)，涉及(ji)面(mian)廣(guang)，需要查清圖(tu)紙，嚴(yan)防漏執行或誤執行。而(er)將(jiang)按照智能電(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)要求，智能一(yi)次設備、各(ge)線(xian)路(lu)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)、公有保護(hu)(hu)(hu)把自(zi)身的(de)(de)跳閘命(ming)令(ling)、運行狀態(tai)(tai)、告警信(xin)號等(deng)信(xin)息都通過GOOSE光纖傳到以(yi)太網(wang)上，同時(shi)，又從以(yi)太網(wang)上獲(huo)取所需的(de)(de)諸如電(dian)流電(dian)壓等(deng)信(xin)息。所以(yi)，在進行保護(hu)(hu)(hu)校驗的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)只需將(jiang)數字式保護(hu)(hu)(hu)測(ce)試(shi)儀的(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)位置為(wei)試(shi)驗狀態(tai)(tai)，安措執行起來方便快捷。

3.2 測(ce)試儀的采(cai)樣率(lv)設置

測(ce)試(shi)儀提供的采(cai)樣點數應(ying)與被測(ce)保護一致，否則將會(hui)引起采(cai)樣值(zhi)的偏差。

【參考文獻】

[1]竇曉波(bo)，吳在軍，胡敏(min)強(qiang)，等.IEC 61850標準下合并單元的信息模型(xing)與(yu)映射實(shi)現[J].電網技(ji)術，2006，30（2）.

篇2

【關鍵(jian)詞】智能化 變電站 運(yun)行維(wei)護 技術

作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組成部(bu)分，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)與消費(fei)者(zhe)連接的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵環節(jie)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)運行(xing)尤其重要。所以，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)人員則(ze)要及時完(wan)成對變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護工作(zuo)，從而(er)(er)避(bi)免因變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)故(gu)障而(er)(er)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統損失。而(er)(er)智(zhi)能(neng)化變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)運行(xing)和管理方(fang)面(mian)雖然具(ju)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)運行(xing)維(wei)護方(fang)面(mian)卻缺乏一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保障。因此(ci)，相關(guan)(guan)單位有必要對智(zhi)能(neng)化變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)維(wei)護技(ji)術(shu)進行(xing)研究，以便確保變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)運行(xing)。

1智能化變電站運(yun)行維護技術分析

1.1一次設備的運行與(yu)維護

在進行(xing)(xing)(xing)智(zhi)能化變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)維(wei)護時(shi)，針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)一次(ci)設備(bei)，要(yao)(yao)采取相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)維(wei)護技(ji)(ji)術進行(xing)(xing)(xing)維(wei)護。比如在進行(xing)(xing)(xing)高壓(ya)斷路(lu)器二次(ci)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)維(wei)護時(shi)，首先需要(yao)(yao)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技(ji)(ji)術，并(bing)根據開(kai)關合閘位置和(he)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波形圖進行(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)調整，以(yi)便確保系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩定(ding)。其(qi)次(ci)，針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)一次(ci)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)信息，需要(yao)(yao)采用微機技(ji)(ji)術進行(xing)(xing)(xing)直(zhi)接處理，并(bing)同時(shi)完成對(dui)(dui)設備(bei)缺(que)陷和(he)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)功能的(de)(de)(de)檢測。再(zai)者，在對(dui)(dui)智(zhi)能開(kai)關進行(xing)(xing)(xing)二次(ci)維(wei)護時(shi)，需要(yao)(yao)做好二次(ci)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)監控，以(yi)便確保采集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)信息具(ju)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)真實性(xing)和(he)準確性(xing)。此外(wai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)互感器是智(zhi)能化變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)一次(ci)設備(bei)，由采集(ji)器單元(yuan)、合并(bing)單元(yuan)等(deng)結(jie)構(gou)構(gou)成。在進行(xing)(xing)(xing)該(gai)種設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)維(wei)護時(shi)，需要(yao)(yao)與傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)維(wei)護工作區別開(kai)來，并(bing)尤其(qi)要(yao)(yao)注重誤(wu)差的(de)(de)(de)處理與分(fen)析(xi)工作。

1.2二次設備的運行與維(wei)護

就(jiu)(jiu)實(shi)(shi)際情況(kuang)而(er)言(yan)，智(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)二次設(she)備主要(yao)(yao)(yao)功能就(jiu)(jiu)是進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)監視、控(kong)(kong)制、測(ce)量(liang)和保護(hu)。但是，目前(qian)使用傳(chuan)統(tong)變電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)二次設(she)備已(yi)經無法(fa)滿(man)足設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)監測(ce)需求，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)利用新的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)監測(ce)。具(ju)體來講，就(jiu)(jiu)是根據監控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)特(te)征，采用標準系(xi)統(tong)通信(xin)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)智(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)站(zhan)監控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)通信(xin)。而(er)在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)維護(hu)時，則需要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意四個方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)問題。首先，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)正確(que)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)裝置(zhi)數據的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)置(zhi)，并(bing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)站(zhan)配(pei)置(zhi)文(wen)件的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)[1]。其次，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)正確(que)做好站(zhan)控(kong)(kong)層的(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)輯閉鎖的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)置(zhi)，并(bing)完成(cheng)全(quan)站(zhan)邏(luo)輯閉鎖的(de)(de)(de)驗證工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。再者，在(zai)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)程序化(hua)操作(zuo)(zuo)過程中，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)使系(xi)統(tong)擁有(you)相應的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)功能。最(zui)后，在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)置(zhi)文(wen)件操作(zuo)(zuo)時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)結(jie)合實(shi)(shi)際工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)完成(cheng)對文(wen)件的(de)(de)(de)檢查(cha)。

1.3變電站的運行與維護

在變(bian)電站運行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，各(ge)設備需要(yao)完(wan)成(cheng)對控(kong)制信(xin)(xin)號和(he)開關位置信(xin)(xin)號的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)。而(er)(er)利(li)用光(guang)纖以(yi)(yi)太網(wang)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)這些信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)，則可以(yi)(yi)通過(guo)連接(jie)間隔層和(he)變(bian)電站的(de)(de)站控(kong)層來實(shi)現(xian)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)自動化操作(zuo)。此外，在信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)的(de)(de)過(guo)層中，光(guang)纖以(yi)(yi)太網(wang)可以(yi)(yi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)一些具(ju)有故障(zhang)錄波功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)設備的(de)(de)設置，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)完(wan)成(cheng)對系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)監控(kong)。而(er)(er)使用傳(chuan)感器外加微(wei)機技術，則可以(yi)(yi)對采(cai)集信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢測，并實(shi)現(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)數據(ju)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)共享。而(er)(er)一旦發現(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)出現(xian)問題，則會出現(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)報(bao)警(jing)，繼(ji)而(er)(er)為設備的(de)(de)安全運行(xing)(xing)(xing)提供保障(zhang)。

2智能(neng)化(hua)變電站運行維護技術的發展

2.1智能化發展

隨著(zhu)科(ke)學技術的(de)發展(zhan)，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)護技術將向著(zhu)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)方向發展(zhan)。就目(mu)前來(lai)看，在運(yun)行(xing)(xing)管理、設備管理和(he)(he)信息(xi)體(ti)系(xi)三個(ge)方面，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)站(zhan)基本實現(xian)了智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)發展(zhan)。光(guang)電(dian)式互(hu)感器機電(dian)一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)設備和(he)(he)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)開關(guan)的(de)應(ying)用，也(ye)將進(jin)一步促進(jin)變電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)[2]。而在進(jin)行(xing)(xing)信息(xi)體(ti)系(xi)框架的(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)設備檢測的(de)過(guo)程中，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)護技術的(de)運(yun)用，將在最短(duan)時間內完成對變電(dian)站(zhan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)故(gu)障的(de)檢測。此外，運(yun)用該技術還(huan)可(ke)以根(gen)據具(ju)體(ti)故(gu)障進(jin)行(xing)(xing)具(ju)體(ti)解決方案的(de)提出，以便實現(xian)變電(dian)站(zhan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)護的(de)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。

2.2數字化發展

數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)技術(shu)(shu)在智能變(bian)電(dian)站運行(xing)過程(cheng)中的(de)應用(yong)，進(jin)(jin)一步促進(jin)(jin)了運行(xing)維(wei)護技術(shu)(shu)的(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)發展。在進(jin)(jin)行(xing)變(bian)電(dian)站故障的(de)分析(xi)時，信(xin)息體(ti)系框架可以(yi)利(li)用(yong)計算機(ji)技術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)學建模技術(shu)(shu)，針對故障原因(yin)和(he)(he)解決(jue)措施進(jin)(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)學建模。而系統的(de)調(diao)度層則僅需(xu)要(yao)對維(wei)修(xiu)意(yi)見進(jin)(jin)行(xing)審核，以(yi)便確保維(wei)修(xiu)建議符合技術(shu)(shu)標準和(he)(he)要(yao)求。所以(yi)，在進(jin)(jin)行(xing)計算機(ji)技術(shu)(shu)運用(yong)的(de)過程(cheng)中，智能化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站的(de)運行(xing)設備已經(jing)完成了數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)的(de)維(wei)修(xiu)。

2.3程序化發展

就目(mu)前(qian)來看(kan)，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化變(bian)電站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)技術(shu)(shu)存在(zai)著(zhu)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序性故障。因為，當前(qian)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序化操(cao)作(zuo)技術(shu)(shu)，主要仍(reng)依托程(cheng)(cheng)序化操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)平臺。而(er)隨著(zhu)計算機(ji)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)發展(zhan)(zhan)，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化變(bian)電站(zhan)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)過程(cheng)(cheng)中一定(ding)將進行(xing)更多的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序化操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，以便減少運(yun)(yun)行(xing)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)工作(zuo)對維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)依賴。而(er)在(zai)這種情況下，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化變(bian)電站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護技術(shu)(shu)效率則(ze)會得(de)到提高(gao)，技術(shu)(shu)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)勞動強度也將得(de)到降低。因此，隨著(zhu)計算機(ji)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化變(bian)電站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護技術(shu)(shu)將向著(zhu)程(cheng)(cheng)序化的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向發展(zhan)(zhan)。

2.4動態化發展

在(zai)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)設(she)(she)備出(chu)現(xian)(xian)故(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)情況下，系統會出(chu)現(xian)(xian)相應的(de)(de)(de)物理變(bian)化(hua)、化(hua)學變(bian)化(hua)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)變(bian)化(hua)。而對(dui)(dui)這些特性(xing)進行實(shi)時(shi)在(zai)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，才(cai)能避免(mian)系統運(yun)行事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生。所以，隨著在(zai)線(xian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，智(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)線(xian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)將逐(zhu)漸(jian)得(de)以實(shi)現(xian)(xian)。而采用這種(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術進行變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)時(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，就能夠(gou)完(wan)成對(dui)(dui)智(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態管(guan)理，以便更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)成對(dui)(dui)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行與(yu)維(wei)護(hu)[3]。因此，在(zai)在(zai)線(xian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技(ji)(ji)術得(de)到(dao)不斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)情況下，智(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行維(wei)護(hu)技(ji)(ji)術將向著動(dong)態化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)方向發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。

3結語

總(zong)而(er)言(yan)之，及時(shi)掌握智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行情況，才能(neng)(neng)做好變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)和故障的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)，繼而(er)確(que)保變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全運(yun)(yun)(yun)行。而(er)從本(ben)文的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究來(lai)看，一次設(she)備運(yun)(yun)(yun)行維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、二次設(she)備運(yun)(yun)(yun)行維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)故障監測(ce)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)用，可(ke)以(yi)為系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行提(ti)供一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全保障。但是，想要更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)對智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行進行維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)，則需(xu)要使相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)向著智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)、數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)、程序化(hua)和動(dong)態(tai)(tai)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向發展，以(yi)便滿足智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展需(xu)要。

參考文獻：

[1]吳學華.500kv智(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電站運(yun)行與維護(hu)技術的發展分析[J].企業改(gai)革與管理(li)，2015，18（01）：189.

篇3

【關(guan)鍵詞(ci)】智能(neng)化 變電(dian)站 運行(xing)維護 技術研究

一、前言

與(yu)傳(chuan)統電網(wang)(wang)(wang)相(xiang)比(bi)，智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)在操(cao)作、監管以(yi)及(ji)共(gong)享(xiang)性方(fang)面存在明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)優勢。變電站的(de)(de)(de)自動化(hua)以(yi)及(ji)智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)大(da)大(da)提高了電網(wang)(wang)(wang)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)效率。但由于(yu)我國智能(neng)(neng)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設和投入使用仍屬于(yu)起步階段，在技術以(yi)及(ji)實踐經(jing)驗方(fang)面存在不足，智能(neng)(neng)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)及(ji)維護出現了諸多問題，如安全性問題、可(ke)(ke)靠性問題和保護安裝問題等(deng)，只有認真對(dui)待這些(xie)新(xin)問題，不斷探索(suo)更好的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決辦法，才能(neng)(neng)確保智能(neng)(neng)變電站的(de)(de)(de)高效運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，保障供電的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)靠和安全。

二、智能化變電站在運作及管理方面存在的問(wen)題(ti)

（一）安全性問題

智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)雖(sui)然實(shi)現了(le)信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)共(gong)享(xiang)以(yi)及實(shi)時傳(chuan)輸(shu)，方便了(le)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)運行監管，同時也埋下了(le)安全(quan)隱(yin)患。傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)采用點對(dui)點的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息傳(chuan)遞模式，能(neng)夠在局部(bu)(bu)范圍內實(shi)現信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)交互(hu)，不容(rong)易受到外部(bu)(bu)攻(gong)擊，安全(quan)系數較高。但是智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)將每個(ge)子部(bu)(bu)分以(yi)及子系統(tong)科學有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)結合在一起，逐步形成(cheng)了(le)一個(ge)共(gong)享(xiang)性網絡[1]。任(ren)何攻(gong)擊都有(you)(you)可能(neng)牽連整個(ge)系統(tong)，這給智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)帶來了(le)安全(quan)隱(yin)患。

（二）可靠性問題

目前，智能(neng)化變電站采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是有(you)源(yuan)電子互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)，由于該設備中具有(you)有(you)源(yuan)模塊(kuai)以及(ji)(ji)有(you)源(yuan)元器(qi)件等需要(yao)長(chang)時間供電的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構，在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程度上會影響(xiang)到變電站的(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠性(xing)(xing)。用于高壓輸電網絡的(de)(de)(de)(de)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)由于受到高壓電磁場的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)也(ye)會受到一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，需要(yao)采用特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護措施才能(neng)確保其(qi)(qi)(qi)正常運(yun)行。而(er)光學互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)與外界的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度、光線等多種(zhong)因素有(you)著極(ji)為密切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系，嚴重影響(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)運(yun)作(zuo)效率。此外，互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光纖(xian)以及(ji)(ji)玻璃的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接處同樣也(ye)是故障的(de)(de)(de)(de)多發區域(yu)，也(ye)會對(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)產生一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不良影響(xiang)。

（三）安(an)裝(zhuang)保護問題

智能(neng)變電(dian)站的(de)某些一(yi)次(ci)設備(bei)附(fu)近需(xu)要(yao)(yao)安裝保(bao)護(hu)性(xing)設備(bei)，可以(yi)有效控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)纜的(de)使用量，能(neng)夠更好的(de)體現其(qi)智能(neng)化(hua)。當前，在室(shi)外(wai)(wai)安裝智能(neng)化(hua)匯控(kong)柜是較為有效的(de)方案之(zhi)一(yi)。但在室(shi)外(wai)(wai)安裝智能(neng)化(hua)匯控(kong)柜對于環(huan)境(jing)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求極為嚴格，濕(shi)度必須低于90%，溫度要(yao)(yao)控(kong)制(zhi)在-25?C～70?C之(zhi)間，而(er)這(zhe)就大大增加了(le)設備(bei)的(de)成本。另外(wai)(wai)，設備(bei)在維護(hu)及檢(jian)修方面也存(cun)在許(xu)多問(wen)題。

三、智(zhi)能化變電站運(yun)行維護(hu)

（一）對一次設備的運行(xing)進行(xing)維護

智能變電站一次設備的(de)運行維護(hu)原理(li)以及要點與傳統的(de)變電站基本上是一致的(de)。一次設備的(de)運行維護(hu)主要包括(kuo)以下(xia)兩個方面：

一方面(mian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)子互(hu)感器(qi)的運(yun)作維(wei)護(hu)。電(dian)(dian)子互(hu)感器(qi)是(shi)一種新型的科技(ji)設備，采用多(duo)種技(ji)術(shu)，例如信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)、計算機(ji)技(ji)術(shu)以(yi)及傳感技(ji)術(shu)等，主要(yao)用于(yu)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)力在(zai)輸送過程中的電(dian)(dian)壓以(yi)及電(dian)(dian)流等信(xin)(xin)息(xi)，其結構主要(yao)包括信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的換取單(dan)元、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的傳輸單(dan)元、以(yi)及信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的處理單(dan)元[2]。電(dian)(dian)子互(hu)感器(qi)的運(yun)作維(wei)護(hu)工作主要(yao)包括對(dui)其外(wai)觀(guan)進行(xing)檢查，確保外(wai)觀(guan)的完好無損；連(lian)接部分是(shi)否(fou)(fou)存在(zai)松動或者(zhe)脫(tuo)落；電(dian)(dian)纜是(shi)否(fou)(fou)存在(zai)破損的現象；絕緣效(xiao)果是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正常。

另(ling)一(yi)方面是GIS組合(he)電器的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)維(wei)護(hu)。GIS組合(he)電器的(de)(de)(de)結構較(jiao)為(wei)緊湊(cou)、配置(zhi)非(fei)常靈活，并且還具有比較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)可靠性(xing)以(yi)(yi)及安全性(xing)，安裝步驟較(jiao)為(wei)簡(jian)便，已經(jing)在多(duo)個領域得(de)到了(le)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)應用。GIS組合(he)電器包括連接(jie)件、各種開關、母線、斷(duan)路器、互感器以(yi)(yi)及出現中(zhong)斷(duan)等部分，其(qi)檢(jian)修的(de)(de)(de)周期較(jiao)長(chang)。GIS組合(he)電器的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)維(wei)護(hu)內容(rong)主(zhu)要包括檢(jian)查其(qi)外觀(guan)以(yi)(yi)及連接(jie)件是否(fou)(fou)正常；組合(he)電器的(de)(de)(de)匯控箱(xiang)密封是否(fou)(fou)正常；檢(jian)查電纜是否(fou)(fou)完好，并對(dui)各種儀表的(de)(de)(de)測量值進行(xing)檢(jian)查。同時(shi)還要定期對(dui)GIS組合(he)電器進行(xing)細致的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查。

（二）對(dui)二次設備的運行(xing)進行(xing)維(wei)護(hu)

智能(neng)變電(dian)站的(de)二次(ci)設備包括保護(hu)以及自動裝置、合(he)并單元(yuan)等等。

一(yi)方面，對(dui)自動化裝(zhuang)置的維護。智能(neng)變電(dian)站的保護以及(ji)對(dui)自動花裝(zhuang)置的運(yun)行維護包括對(dui)其運(yun)行進(jin)行檢查(cha)、檢查(cha)是否存在(zai)報警(jing)信(xin)息以及(ji)通(tong)訊光(guang)口能(neng)夠進(jin)行正常閃爍等內容[3]。

另一方面，對組(zu)合單(dan)(dan)元的運行進行維護(hu)。對組(zu)合單(dan)(dan)元的運行進行維護(hu)重點是檢查報(bao)警信息。在(zai)通常情況下(xia)，組(zu)合單(dan)(dan)元的報(bao)警信息的內容是GIS失穩或者失步，這些信息都可以在(zai)歷史記錄(lu)以及(ji)簡(jian)報(bao)內查到。GIS故障、光(guang)纖中斷等都可能引(yin)起組(zu)合單(dan)(dan)元的運行失常。

四、結語

電網(wang)的智能化(hua)是(shi)我國電力網(wang)絡自(zi)動化(hua)和現代(dai)化(hua)發展的必然趨勢，但是(shi)由于技術研究的時間較(jiao)短，投入運(yun)行(xing)以及維(wei)護(hu)(hu)的經驗存在欠缺(que)，一(yi)些(xie)智能變電站(zhan)已暴(bao)露(lu)出一(yi)些(xie)問題。為了確(que)保智能變電站(zhan)的安(an)全運(yun)行(xing)，就需要電力工作人員在工作過程(cheng)中(zhong)多(duo)多(duo)積累運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)工作的實踐(jian)經驗，不斷研究和更新(xin)智能變電站(zhan)運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)技術，為智能電網(wang)的的高效可靠運(yun)行(xing)，提供強有(you)力的保障。

參考文獻：

[1]李紀(ji)勇.智(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電站(zhan)運行維護技(ji)術(shu)研究[J].科技(ji)創業家，2013，12（25）：98.

篇4

【關鍵(jian)詞(ci)】變電站；智能化；保護；系(xi)統

經(jing)(jing)過(guo)幾十年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)達(da)到了一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)水平，在(zai)(zai)我國城(cheng)鄉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)與建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)不僅中(zhong)低壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)采(cai)用了智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，而(er)且在(zai)(zai)220kV及以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)超高(gao)壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)也大(da)量(liang)采(cai)用智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，從而(er)大(da)大(da)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)水平，增強了輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)調度的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性，降低了變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)總造(zao)(zao)(zao)價，這已(yi)經(jing)(jing)成(cheng)為不爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)實。然而(er)，技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展是(shi)沒有(you)止(zhi)境的(de)(de)(de)，隨著智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互感器、一(yi)次運(yun)行(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備在(zai)(zai)線狀態檢測、變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)運(yun)行(xing)操作培訓仿真等技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)日趨成(cheng)熟，以(yi)(yi)及計算機高(gao)速網(wang)(wang)絡在(zai)(zai)實時系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)應用，將對已(yi)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)產生深刻的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)指利用先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)計算機技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、現代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、通信技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)數字信號處(chu)理（DSP）等技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，實現對變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)主要設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備和(he)(he)輸、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動監(jian)視、測量(liang)、控制(zhi)、保護以(yi)(yi)及與調度通信等功(gong)能(neng)。它(ta)綜合了變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所內除交直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)以(yi)(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部二(er)(er)次設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備功(gong)能(neng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)農網(wang)(wang)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、城(cheng)網(wang)(wang)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)對于(yu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)二(er)(er)次系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)主要是(shi)以(yi)(yi)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統替換原(yuan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)常規二(er)(er)次系(xi)統。變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)一(yi)項提(ti)(ti)高(gao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)安全(quan)、可(ke)靠穩定運(yun)行(xing)水平，降低運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護成(cheng)本，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)經(jing)(jing)濟效益(yi)，向用戶提(ti)(ti)供高(gao)質量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項措施。

1 變電站智(zhi)能(neng)化的(de)基本結構及特點

集(ji)(ji)中式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)：集(ji)(ji)中式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)并擴展其(qi)I/O接口，集(ji)(ji)中采(cai)集(ji)(ji)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬量和(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量等信(xin)息(xi)，集(ji)(ji)中進行計(ji)(ji)算和(he)處(chu)理(li)，分(fen)別(bie)完(wan)成(cheng)微機(ji)監控、微機(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護和(he)自動(dong)控制等功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。由(you)前置(zhi)機(ji)完(wan)成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)輸入輸出、保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、控制及監測等功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，后臺(tai)機(ji)完(wan)成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)處(chu)理(li)、顯示、打印及遠方(fang)通(tong)訊等功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。此類結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)對(dui)監控主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)要求較(jiao)(jiao)高，且(qie)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)處(chu)理(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)有(you)限(xian)，開(kai)發手段少(shao)，系統(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)開(kai)放性(xing)、擴展性(xing)和(he)可維(wei)護性(xing)等方(fang)面較(jiao)(jiao)差，抗(kang)干擾(rao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)不強(qiang)(qiang)；分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)：按(an)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站被監控對(dui)象(xiang)或(huo)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)臺(tai)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)單(dan)(dan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設備(bei)，將(jiang)它們(men)連(lian)接到能(neng)(neng)(neng)共享(xiang)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡(luo)上(shang)(shang)實(shi)(shi)現分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu)理(li)。其(qi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大特(te)點(dian)是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)主(zhu)、從CPU協同工作方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，各(ge)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)如智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)（Intelligent Electronic Device，IED）之間采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)網絡(luo)技術或(huo)串行方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)現數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)通(tong)信(xin)，將(jiang)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站自動(dong)化(hua)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)分(fen)散(san)給多(duo)臺(tai)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)來完(wan)成(cheng)。各(ge)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)（通(tong)常是(shi)多(duo)個CPU）之間采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)網絡(luo)技術或(huo)串行方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)現數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)通(tong)信(xin)，選用(yong)(yong)(yong)具(ju)有(you)優(you)先級的(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡(luo)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)較(jiao)(jiao)好地(di)解決了數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)傳輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓶頸問(wen)題，提高了系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)性(xing)。其(qi)方(fang)便系統(tong)(tong)(tong)擴展和(he)維(wei)護，局部故障不影響其(qi)他模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)正常運(yun)行。該模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)安裝上(shang)(shang)可以形成(cheng)集(ji)(ji)中組(zu)屏(ping)或(huo)分(fen)層(ceng)組(zu)屏(ping)兩種系統(tong)(tong)(tong)組(zu)態結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)地(di)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)于中、低(di)壓變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站。但(dan)目前，還存(cun)在(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)抗(kang)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾(rao)、信(xin)息(xi)傳輸途徑及可靠性(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題等；分(fen)散(san)（層(ceng)）分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)：分(fen)散(san)（層(ceng)）分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“面向(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)象(xiang)”設計(ji)(ji)。所謂(wei)面向(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)象(xiang)，就是(shi)面向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)氣一(yi)次回路設備(bei)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)氣間隔設備(bei)，間隔層(ceng)中數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)、采(cai)集(ji)(ji)、控制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)（I/O單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)）和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)就地(di)分(fen)散(san)安裝在(zai)(zai)開(kai)關柜上(shang)(shang)或(huo)其(qi)他一(yi)次設備(bei)附近，相(xiang)互間通(tong)過(guo)通(tong)信(xin)網絡(luo)相(xiang)連(lian)，與(yu)監控主(zhu)機(ji)通(tong)信(xin)。

2 變電站智能化系統的功能

微(wei)機保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)：是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對站內(nei)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)線(xian)路(lu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，母(mu)線(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)及備(bei)自投(tou)(tou)，低頻(pin)減(jian)載等(deng)(deng)安全自動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)。各類保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)記錄(lu)、存(cun)儲多套(tao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)值、適合(he)當地修改(gai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)值等(deng)(deng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)；數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)集：①狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態量(liang)(liang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)集：狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態量(liang)(liang)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：斷路(lu)器(qi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，隔(ge)離(li)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)分(fen)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)及變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站一(yi)次設備(bei)告警(jing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)等(deng)(deng)。目(mu)前(qian)這些(xie)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)大(da)(da)部分(fen)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)隔(ge)離(li)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸(shu)入系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獲(huo)得。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)作信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)則(ze)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)串行(xing)(xing)口(kou)（RS-232或RS485）或計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機局域網(wang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獲(huo)得；②模(mo)擬(ni)量(liang)(liang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)集：常規變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型模(mo)擬(ni)量(liang)(liang)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：各段母(mu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，線(xian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)值。饋(kui)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)值，頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)，相位等(deng)(deng)。此外(wai)還(huan)有(you)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)油溫，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站室溫等(deng)(deng)非電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)集。模(mo)擬(ni)量(liang)(liang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)集精度(du)(du)應(ying)能(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)SCADA系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)；③脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)集：脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度(du)(du)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)，也(ye)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)隔(ge)離(li)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)連接(jie)(jie)，內(nei)部用(yong)(yong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)器(qi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)個(ge)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)；事件記錄(lu)和(he)(he)(he)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)錄(lu)波(bo)測(ce)(ce)(ce)距(ju)(ju)：事件記錄(lu)應(ying)包(bao)(bao)含(han)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)作序(xu)列記錄(lu)，開關(guan)(guan)(guan)跳(tiao)合(he)記錄(lu)。其(qi)SOE分(fen)辨(bian)率(lv)(lv)一(yi)般在1～10ms之間，以(yi)滿足(zu)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)(deng)級對SOE的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)錄(lu)波(bo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)根據(ju)(ju)需要(yao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)兩種方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)置(zhi)專用(yong)(yong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)錄(lu)波(bo)器(qi)，并能(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。另一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)散(san)型，即(ji)由微(wei)機保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)兼(jian)作記錄(lu)及測(ce)(ce)(ce)距(ju)(ju)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)，再將(jiang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)型及測(ce)(ce)(ce)距(ju)(ju)結(jie)果送(song)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)由監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)存(cun)儲和(he)(he)(he)分(fen)析；控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)操(cao)作閉鎖(suo)：操(cao)作人員可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)CRT屏幕對斷路(lu)器(qi)，隔(ge)離(li)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)分(fen)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)組投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)遠方(fang)操(cao)作。為(wei)了防止系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時無(wu)(wu)法操(cao)作被(bei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)設備(bei)，在系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)時應(ying)保(bao)(bao)(bao)留人工直接(jie)(jie)跳(tiao)合(he)閘手段；同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期合(he)閘：該功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為(wei)手動(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)自動(dong)(dong)兩種方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)選擇獨立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期設備(bei)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)由微(wei)機保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)軟件模(mo)塊實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就地控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)般采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)整變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)分(fen)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)，投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)組，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)組，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)步調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)相機等(deng)(deng)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。操(cao)作方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)手動(dong)(dong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)自動(dong)(dong)，人工操(cao)作可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)就地控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或遠方(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)由專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設備(bei)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)由監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)根據(ju)(ju)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)抽頭(tou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)專用(yong)(yong)軟件實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。而數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)記錄(lu)歷史數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成和(he)(he)(he)存(cun)儲是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)，它(ta)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)上一(yi)級調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)專業要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)遠方(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，在常規遠動(dong)(dong)‘四遙(yao)’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上增(zeng)加了遠方(fang)修改(gai)整定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)值、故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)錄(lu)波(bo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)距(ju)(ju)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遠傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等(deng)(deng)，其(qi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息量(liang)(liang)遠大(da)(da)于(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遠動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。根據(ju)(ju)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)應(ying)具(ju)有(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)及切(qie)(qie)換功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)證通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時應(ying)具(ju)備(bei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)多個(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)，且各通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)口(kou)及MODEM應(ying)相互獨立(li)(li)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)(he)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)錄(lu)波(bo)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)獨立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)連接(jie)(jie)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)規約(yue)應(ying)適應(ying)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，符合(he)國(guo)標及IEC標準，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在一(yi)些(xie)新建變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)表明其(qi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)先進(jin)(jin)、結(jie)構簡單、功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)齊全、安全可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠，經(jing)過(guo)(guo)十多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展已經(jing)達到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)。網(wang)絡(luo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命(ming)脈(mo)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。常規變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)單套(tao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)集與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)算(suan)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)個(ge)CPU控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，使得同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)步采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樣(yang)、A/D轉(zhuan)換，運算(suan)、輸(shu)出控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)令整個(ge)流(liu)(liu)程快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)，簡捷，而全數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樣(yang)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)算(suan)法與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)令的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由網(wang)絡(luo)上多個(ge)CPU協同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如何控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)步和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)命(ming)令的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)輸(shu)出是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)復(fu)雜問題，其(qi)最基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，關(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)網(wang)絡(luo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高和(he)(he)(he)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)協議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。如果采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場總線(xian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)勝任(ren)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)。目(mu)前(qian)以(yi)太網(wang)（ethernet）異軍突起，已經(jing)進(jin)(jin)入工業自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)程控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)領域，固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)OSI七層協議，速(su)(su)率(lv)(lv)達到(dao)100MHz的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嵌入式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)太網(wang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)芯(xin)片已大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩級網(wang)絡(luo)全部采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)100MHz以(yi)太網(wang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

總之，變(bian)電所智能(neng)化對于實現(xian)電網(wang)(wang)調度自動化和現(xian)場運行(xing)管理現(xian)代化，提高(gao)電網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)安全和經濟運行(xing)水平起到了很大(da)的(de)(de)促進作用(yong)，它(ta)將大(da)大(da)加強電網(wang)(wang)一次、二次系(xi)統的(de)(de)效能(neng)和可靠性，對保證電網(wang)(wang)安全穩定(ding)運行(xing)具有重大(da)的(de)(de)意(yi)義。

【參考文獻】

篇5

【關(guan)鍵詞】GIS 智能變(bian)電站 智能終端 合(he)并單(dan)元

中(zhong)圖分類(lei)號：TM411 文獻(xian)標識碼： A

引言

我國(guo)電力系統正向高度信息(xi)化、自動化的(de)方向發展(zhan)，電網規(gui)模日益擴大，現代(dai)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電網、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)、變(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化成為熱門(men)話題。隨著我國(guo)“十二五”規(gui)劃(hua)“加(jia)快現代(dai)電網體(ti)系建設(she)”，“推進(jin)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電網建設(she)”等綱要(yao)的(de)及從國(guo)家電網招標(biao)情況來(lai)看，我國(guo)電網建設(she)的(de)關注焦點開(kai)始(shi)集中到了智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電網的(de)發展(zhan)上。這(zhe)將對智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電網以及整個電力行業的(de)發展(zhan)產生重要(yao)意義，其中的(de)主設(she)備(bei)(bei)氣體(ti)絕緣金屬封閉開(kai)關設(she)備(bei)(bei)（GIS）領域正經(jing)歷著新一(yi)輪的(de)更(geng)新換代(dai)，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)GIS正面臨著前所未有(you)的(de)發展(zhan)機遇。

智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)變電站是以數字化變電站為(wei)依托，通(tong)過采(cai)用先(xian)進的傳感器(qi)、電子(zi)、信(xin)息、通(tong)信(xin)、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)分析(xi)軟件等(deng)技(ji)術，建立全(quan)站所有信(xin)息采(cai)集、傳輸(shu)、分析(xi)、處理(li)的數字化統一應(ying)(ying)用平(ping)(ping)臺，實現變電站的自(zi)動運行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、設(she)備狀(zhuang)態(tai)檢修、運行(xing)狀(zhuang)態(tai)自(zi)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)、分布(bu)協同控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)分析(xi)決策等(deng)高(gao)級應(ying)(ying)用功能(neng)，提高(gao)管理(li)和運行(xing)維護水平(ping)(ping)。

為了提(ti)(ti)高(gao)智能變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站自動化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)水平、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站自動化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)安全(quan)穩定運行水平、節(jie)約開發驗收維護的(de)(de)(de)人力物力、實現(xian)完全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)互(hu)操作性，智能變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)采(cai)用IEC61850標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。IEC61850標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)由國(guo)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)委(wei)員會(hui)（International Electro technical Commission）第(di)57技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)委(wei)員會(hui)于2004年頒布的(de)(de)(de)、應用于變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡和系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。IEC61850標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)作為基于通(tong)用網(wang)絡通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)平臺的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站自動化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)國(guo)際(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，提(ti)(ti)出了一(yi)(yi)種公共(gong)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，通(tong)過對(dui)設備的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列規范化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，使其形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個規范的(de)(de)(de)輸出，實現(xian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)無縫連接。IEC61850標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)是(shi)推廣“一(yi)(yi)個世界，一(yi)(yi)種技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，一(yi)(yi)種標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”的(de)(de)(de)理(li)念。在國(guo)內(nei)，現(xian)有信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)交(jiao)換技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站自動化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)領域的(de)(de)(de)種種弊端嚴(yan)重限制了生產管理(li)新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，因此，采(cai)用IEC61850標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)實現(xian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)交(jiao)換標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)為國(guo)內(nei)眾多電(dian)(dian)力自動化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專家的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)致共(gong)識。

現(xian)階段的智能變(bian)電站(zhan)主要(yao)有三(san)種模式

模(mo)式1：基(ji)于(yu)站(zhan)控層(ceng)IEC61850

該(gai)系統與傳統的變電站自動化系統基本類似。間隔層智能電子設備IED（保護及自動化裝(zhuang)置）仍然(ran)可被安(an)裝(zhuang)在間隔層設備上或集中組屏。

 這種模(mo)式的(de)推廣是為了解決傳統(tong)變(bian)電站中智能設備的(de)互聯互通及信(xin)(xin)息互操作(zuo)問題。由于(yu)變(bian)電站的(de)智能設備的(de)通信(xin)(xin)及功能被約束在IEC61850標準范(fan)圍內，因此，整個系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)每(mei)一個節點的(de)信(xin)(xin)息傳輸被標準化，從而使得整個系(xi)統(tong)的(de)可維護、可擴充性能大為提高。

模式2：基于傳(chuan)統互感器及過(guo)程層信(xin)息交換

這種(zhong)模式不僅在站控層(ceng)信(xin)息交換采用(yong)了IEC61850，而且增加了過(guo)程層(ceng)網絡進行過(guo)程層(ceng)信(xin)息交換。對于每一(yi)個間隔(ge)，配置了過(guo)程層(ceng)設(she)備(bei)合并(bing)單元(yuan)、智能操作箱，將常規一(yi)次設(she)備(bei)的(de)信(xin)息及(ji)操作數字化，與之相關的(de)間隔(ge)層(ceng)智能電子設(she)備(bei)IED（保護及(ji)自動化裝置）則(ze)通過(guo)光纖以太網與對應間隔(ge)的(de)合并(bing)單元(yuan)、智能操作箱相連接(jie)。

IED與(yu)合并單元、智(zhi)能操(cao)作(zuo)箱之間既可(ke)以點對點的(de)(de)方式互(hu)聯，也可(ke)以以網(wang)絡(luo)總線方式相連。原來一次設備與(yu)IED之間的(de)(de)傳統的(de)(de)大量(liang)銅芯導線被(bei)少量(liang)的(de)(de)通信(xin)光纜代替了。同時由于建立了過(guo)程層(ceng)(ceng)網(wang)絡(luo)，過(guo)程層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)高速采樣數據(ju)可(ke)以被(bei)不同類型(xing)的(de)(de)裝置共(gong)享，從而簡化(hua)了接線。

模式3：基(ji)于(yu)站控(kong)層(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)過(guo)程層(ceng)(ceng)全信息交換

區別于模式(shi)(shi)2，該模式(shi)(shi)采用電子式(shi)(shi)互感器(qi)代替了傳統互感器(qi)。

由于光(guang)電(dian)式(shi)(shi)互(hu)感(gan)器的(de)性能(neng)優勢(shi)，這種模式(shi)(shi)是高壓及超高壓、特高壓電(dian)站的(de)發展(zhan)趨勢(shi)。采用的(de)光(guang)電(dian)式(shi)(shi)互(hu)感(gan)器有(you)支柱式(shi)(shi)、內置GIS等方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。

從現階段(duan)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)可以(yi)看出(chu)(chu)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)中，氣(qi)體(ti)絕緣金(jin)屬封閉開(kai)關(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)（GIS）的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)主要(yao)體(ti)現在采(cai)用數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子式(shi)互感(gan)器、配(pei)置智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)單元的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統開(kai)關(guan)(guan)等(deng)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)間(jian)(jian)用光纖傳輸(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)編碼信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)交換采(cai)樣值(zhi)、狀(zhuang)態(tai)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命令(ling)等(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)。目(mu)前大(da)多數(shu)(shu)(shu)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)都不(bu)(bu)具備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊接(jie)口(kou)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)需要(yao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)接(jie)線(xian)方式(shi)傳遞。而智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)要(yao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)手段(duan)傳遞控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，就(jiu)必須(xu)需要(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)具備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊接(jie)口(kou)，在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)不(bu)(bu)具備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，需通(tong)(tong)(tong)過二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)與一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結合來(lai)完成對一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)改(gai)造(zao)。因此，近期智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)主要(yao)是(shi)基于IEC61850的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)發展。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)中，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡不(bu)(bu)僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)完成繼電(dian)保(bao)護控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)令(ling)，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)按照IEC61850規約執行網(wang)絡遙控(kong)(kong)(kong)命令(ling)。二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)間(jian)(jian)可以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡實現交換模(mo)擬量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、開(kai)關(guan)(guan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命令(ling)等(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，取(qu)消常規自動化(hua)系統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)纜，采(cai)用光纖網(wang)絡直通(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)都可以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡在二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)間(jian)(jian)共享，這樣就(jiu)可以(yi)減(jian)少設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)傳信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)節點數(shu)(shu)(shu)，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)少了開(kai)關(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)機構上(shang)(shang)傳信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)助開(kai)關(guan)(guan)節點數(shu)(shu)(shu)，這給實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計帶(dai)來(lai)了很(hen)大(da)便(bian)利，減(jian)少了大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)硬(ying)接(jie)線(xian)。

目前的智能(neng)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)大多是通過(guo)智能(neng)單(dan)(dan)元與斷路器操作箱接(jie)口，智能(neng)單(dan)(dan)元可(ke)單(dan)(dan)獨設置(zhi)(zhi)智能(neng)組件(jian)柜，也可(ke)組合在(zai)氣體絕緣(yuan)金屬封閉(bi)開關設備(bei)(bei)（GIS）的匯控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)柜中。GIS高壓開關設備(bei)(bei)的傳統(tong)二(er)次設備(bei)(bei)主要集中在(zai)其匯控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)柜中，智能(neng)組件(jian)柜與匯控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)柜合并，即(ji)可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)智能(neng)組件(jian)與GIS結構一(yi)體化(hua)。現(xian)階段智能(neng)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)配置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)GIS匯控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)柜的智能(neng)組件(jian)主要有(you)智能(neng)終端、合并單(dan)(dan)元、智能(neng)監測裝置(zhi)(zhi)及IED裝置(zhi)(zhi)等。一(yi)些(xie)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)設計中處(chu)于測控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)保(bao)護一(yi)體化(hua)考(kao)慮，也會將(jiang)主控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)室的保(bao)護控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制裝置(zhi)(zhi)下放至匯控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)柜。

對于GIS高壓開關設(she)備的(de)二次設(she)計，智能(neng)終端、合并單(dan)元是主(zhu)要涉及的(de)智能(neng)裝置。

智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)具有按照IEC61850協議與間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)層通(tong)訊(xun)，配置(zhi)(zhi)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)參(can)數(shu)，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)動作等功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)與一(yi)(yi)(yi)次設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)采(cai)用(yong)硬接(jie)線(xian)連接(jie)。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)與間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)層保護測(ce)控(kong)(kong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)通(tong)過面向通(tong)用(yong)對象的(de)(de)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)事(shi)件（GOOSE）實(shi)時傳送(song)信(xin)(xin)號量。間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)層保護裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)跳閘命令以及(ji)測(ce)控(kong)(kong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)跳合閘命令，按不同的(de)(de)GOOSE優先(xian)級傳送(song)到智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，由智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)通(tong)過硬接(jie)線(xian)輸出(chu)(chu)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)次設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，達到取(qu)消屏間(jian)(jian)硬連接(jie)線(xian)，光纜取(qu)代電(dian)纜的(de)(de)要求。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)作為數(shu)字化變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)三層結構中過程層的(de)(de)典型設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，主要擔負一(yi)(yi)(yi)個間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)內(nei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)位置(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)狀(zhuang)態(tai)告(gao)警信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)采(cai)集和(he)(he)(he)(he)監視，對設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，并具有防誤(wu)操作功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。依靠智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)各類信(xin)(xin)息全(quan)部(bu)通(tong)過光纜交互(hu)，從而將傳統斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)改造為滿足數(shu)字化需求的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)開(kai)入功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，用(yong)于斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)、刀閘的(de)(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)警信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)采(cai)集和(he)(he)(he)(he)監視。除了(le)硬接(jie)點開(kai)入外，裝置(zhi)(zhi)還(huan)支持GOOSE開(kai)入，滿足過程層和(he)(he)(he)(he)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)層智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)開(kai)關(guan)量和(he)(he)(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)據交換。開(kai)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)則提供保護用(yong)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)分(fen)合控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)通(tong)用(yong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)開(kai)出(chu)(chu)接(jie)點。

篇6

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：500kV；智能(neng)化變電站；運(yun)維(wei)一(yi)體(ti)化

中(zhong)圖分類號：TM63 文獻(xian)標識碼：A

隨著現(xian)代(dai)科(ke)學的發(fa)展，當前使用的500kV智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)(dian)站實現(xian)了(le)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)(dian)運維(wei)一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)，可以(yi)根據系統分析進行數據采集(ji)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)設備操(cao)(cao)作、網絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)信息交互及自動化(hua)(hua)(hua)狀態檢修等操(cao)(cao)作，改變了(le)原有的工(gong)(gong)作模(mo)式，提高了(le)工(gong)(gong)作效率，促進了(le)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變電(dian)(dian)站的發(fa)展，必須及時(shi)對其(qi)進行研(yan)究。

一、500kV智能化變電(dian)站運行特點

與傳統(tong)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)相比(bi)，500kV智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)具有以(yi)(yi)(yi)下幾個特(te)點：第(di)一，信(xin)息(xi)利用(yong)率高(gao)。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)系統(tong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各個區域信(xin)息(xi)的(de)處理(li)，已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)規范化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)模(mo)模(mo)式，促進了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)內自動化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)控制操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，而且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)讓原先(xian)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)獨立完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，減少了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)共同(tong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)產生(sheng)的(de)干(gan)擾(rao)，各部門技(ji)術也形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)統(tong)一化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)模(mo)式，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)控制，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)中(zhong)各種信(xin)息(xi)共享，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)信(xin)息(xi)利用(yong)率。第(di)二，杜絕了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)二次(ci)干(gan)擾(rao)問題(ti)(ti)。由于智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)不同(tong)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)在不同(tong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之間(jian)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)借助光纜和通(tong)(tong)信(xin)等(deng)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)共同(tong)完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)轉換操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，及時處理(li)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)和光纜在傳輸中(zhong)存在的(de)問題(ti)(ti)，避(bi)免了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)纜干(gan)擾(rao)，解決了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)屏障(zhang)難問題(ti)(ti)，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。第(di)三，消(xiao)除了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)壁(bi)壘。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)運維一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)中(zhong)不同(tong)類(lei)型的(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)進行控制，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)讓不同(tong)廠商生(sheng)產的(de)不同(tong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)串聯(lian)，控制了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)各項(xiang)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在各個設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之間(jian)協調完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)系統(tong)兼容性(xing)，消(xiao)除了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)壁(bi)壘。第(di)四(si)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)快速完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)檢測(ce)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)中(zhong)的(de)所有設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)都已(yi)經(jing)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，同(tong)時還實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)在線監測(ce)等(deng)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，保(bao)(bao)證了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)力(li)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)穩(wen)定運行，減少了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)對(dui)人們日常(chang)生(sheng)活(huo)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)影響。第(di)五，處理(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)鐵(tie)磁諧(xie)振問題(ti)(ti)。當前技(ji)術已(yi)經(jing)得到了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)很大提(ti)升，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)互(hu)感器完(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)很多操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，及時解決了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)過載等(deng)問題(ti)(ti)，保(bao)(bao)證電(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)穩(wen)定運行。本次(ci)結合金華500kV芝堰變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)造試(shi)點工(gong)程投運，對(dui)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)運維一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進行研究。

二(er)、500kV智能化變電(dian)站的運行維護要求和運維重點

（一）運(yun)行維護要求

500kV智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是目前變(bian)電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)應用的(de)(de)(de)新型(xing)模式，對(dui)操作(zuo)(zuo)技術(shu)、管(guan)(guan)理及(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)均(jun)提出了(le)嚴格要(yao)求(qiu)，實現了(le)不(bu)同(tong)類型(xing)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之間的(de)(de)(de)聯接，為(wei)了(le)在(zai)此種模式下(xia)安全(quan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，必須加強系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)維(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)理。第一，運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)管(guan)(guan)理。500kV智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)維(wei)(wei)一體化(hua)是一種全(quan)新的(de)(de)(de)模式，對(dui)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)及(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，同(tong)時也對(dui)管(guan)(guan)理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)提出了(le)高(gao)(gao)標準(zhun)，只有提高(gao)(gao)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)管(guan)(guan)理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業技能(neng)(neng)，優化(hua)檢測方法，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)保證系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，實施科(ke)學(xue)化(hua)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)和(he)管(guan)(guan)理。為(wei)了(le)保證運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)順利(li)進展(zhan)，還要(yao)制定嚴密地計劃，詳細的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)流程，合理分(fen)配人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)職責，保證設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)效運(yun)(yun)(yun)轉。第二(er)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)。在(zai)500kV智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)，一次設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)與二(er)次設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi)(xi)較(jiao)大，實現了(le)不(bu)同(tong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)相互融合，對(dui)工作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業技術(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，只有掌(zhang)握全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識，擴展(zhan)知(zhi)識面，提高(gao)(gao)業務能(neng)(neng)力，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)充分(fen)發揮(hui)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)及(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)各項功能(neng)(neng)，促進變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)維(wei)(wei)一體化(hua)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)。第三，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)穩定性。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)協(xie)調穩定是保證設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安全(quan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)基礎，同(tong)時還可以充分(fen)發揮(hui)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)各項工作(zuo)(zuo)，減少死機、誤發等(deng)問題。

（二）運行維護重(zhong)點(dian)

第一，設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)并操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)二次(ci)壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)。維護(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)員操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)或設置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二次(ci)壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)時，禁(jin)止更改(gai)參數(shu)，保(bao)證各(ge)類裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)可以處(chu)于初始狀態，實現(xian)投入或退出狀態壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)的控(kong)制。進行設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)開關檢修時，必須(xu)將(jiang)母(mu)差(cha)(cha)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)間(jian)投入壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)與本(ben)間(jian)隔保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)失靈(ling)啟(qi)動(dong)壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)退出后，再進行相關操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。必須(xu)等到開關檢修轉化為冷備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時將(jiang)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)智能化逐漸轉自檢修取出來。禁(jin)止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)智能終(zhong)端斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)調合閘壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)方式(shi)(shi)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，避免機(ji)器(qi)(qi)出現(xian)死機(ji)。第二，就(jiu)地布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智能裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。500kV智能化變電(dian)(dian)站內經(jing)常會使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)各(ge)種型號的交換機(ji)和微(wei)機(ji)進行操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，可以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)智能化裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實現(xian)自動(dong)控(kong)制，但是此種操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)容易(yi)導(dao)致設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)發(fa)熱，影(ying)響了設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環境(jing)，增(zeng)加(jia)了設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)故(gu)障率。第三(san)，電(dian)(dian)子式(shi)(shi)互感器(qi)(qi)直(zhi)(zhi)流工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)子式(shi)(shi)互感器(qi)(qi)對電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的要求(qiu)較嚴格，如(ru)果(guo)缺少直(zhi)(zhi)流工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)就(jiu)很(hen)難啟(qi)動(dong)，導(dao)致站內測控(kong)及內繼保(bao)等裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)無法發(fa)揮出作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業，影(ying)響了設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的進行。在實際操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中，可以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)2路(lu)(lu)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)完成供電(dian)(dian)，如(ru)果(guo)丟失1路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，就(jiu)會導(dao)致對應(ying)元件保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和母(mu)差(cha)(cha)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)無法完成，造成保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形成閉鎖狀態。直(zhi)(zhi)接接地時禁(jin)止直(zhi)(zhi)接對回路(lu)(lu)進行檢查，如(ru)果(guo)不想使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，可以申請相應(ying)的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，減(jian)少設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)損壞(huai)。

三、保證(zheng)500kV智能(neng)化變電(dian)站順利運行建議

為了促(cu)進500kV智(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電站的順利運行(xing)，必須從人員、管(guan)理和(he)安全等方面進行(xing)控制，促(cu)進500kV智(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電站的發展(zhan)。

（一）加強運維管理人員隊(dui)伍建設

進行(xing)(xing)500kV智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)(hua)變電站運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維護(hu)(hu)和管理(li)(li)時(shi)(shi)，核心工(gong)作(zuo)是實現通信、繼保(bao)(bao)等(deng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。這幾種技(ji)(ji)術在實際工(gong)作(zuo)中密切聯系，維護(hu)(hu)人(ren)員必(bi)須提(ti)高自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業知識(shi)，分析并(bing)(bing)發現繼保(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)置、合(he)并(bing)(bing)單元與交(jiao)換機(ji)等(deng)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，利用專業化(hua)(hua)(hua)知識(shi)對運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)進行(xing)(xing)控制，及時(shi)(shi)分析并(bing)(bing)處(chu)理(li)(li)比較困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，初(chu)步考(kao)慮(lv)并(bing)(bing)分析相(xiang)關(guan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。構建(jian)一支高素質、高技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業化(hua)(hua)(hua)隊伍，同時(shi)(shi)還要積極(ji)掌握先(xian)進技(ji)(ji)術、先(xian)進理(li)(li)念和新技(ji)(ji)術，積極(ji)應對通信與自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)術發展中產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。此外(wai)，為了更好(hao)地發揮人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，必(bi)須定期對人(ren)員繼保(bao)(bao)、通信和自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)術等(deng)內容進行(xing)(xing)培(pei)(pei)養，提(ti)高人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障處(chu)理(li)(li)能力，加強人(ren)員專業化(hua)(hua)(hua)知識(shi)培(pei)(pei)訓，保(bao)(bao)證運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)中出現問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)時(shi)(shi)，及時(shi)(shi)解決(jue)，提(ti)高整體(ti)供電質量。

（二）加(jia)強網(wang)絡交換(huan)機等(deng)設備的運(yun)維管理(li)

隨著光纖(xian)技術的不(bu)斷發展，目前(qian)該種技術已經成(cheng)為智(zhi)能化變電(dian)站連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)屏柜的主要方(fang)式。由(you)于實際(ji)應用(yong)中(zhong)交(jiao)換(huan)機端口數量(liang)與光纖(xian)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)隨意性經常產生各種矛(mao)盾，在初始(shi)化作用(yong)下，每個(ge)端口與光纖(xian)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)后都會對日常維護工(gong)作造成(cheng)很大影響，所以施工(gong)人(ren)員必須在相關工(gong)作開始(shi)前(qian)完成(cheng)端口光纖(xian)定(ding)位，加(jia)強(qiang)智(zhi)能化變電(dian)中(zhong)眾多設備的運維管理。同時施工(gong)中(zhong)還(huan)要防止粉(fen)塵等雜物進(jin)入到(dao)光纖(xian)設備接(jie)(jie)(jie)口中(zhong)，減少對光纖(xian)順(shun)利(li)傳傳輸產生的影響。

（三）完善智能化變電站的監控系統功能

智能化變電站的(de)(de)監(jian)控系統(tong)與其他(ta)監(jian)控系統(tong)存(cun)在較大(da)差異，目(mu)前還沒有形成統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)標準要(yao)求(qiu)，導致監(jian)控系統(tong)經常存(cun)在各種兼容性問(wen)題。很(hen)多后臺廠家(jia)出廠時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)會因為該(gai)項愿(yuan)意導致監(jian)控畫面不規(gui)范，不能達(da)到(dao)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)標準要(yao)求(qiu)。進行系統(tong)檢測(ce)時(shi)(shi)，即使及時(shi)(shi)上報了信(xin)息，但是由于(yu)上報中沒有形成統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)格式和標準，導致信(xin)息經常混亂現(xian)象，所以必須構建統(tong)一(yi)化標準和規(gui)范，提(ti)高系統(tong)運(yun)(yun)行維護的(de)(de)效率，保證設備的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行。

（四(si)）合(he)理規(gui)范各(ge)專業(ye)的分界面

由于500kV智能(neng)化變電(dian)站(zhan)實現(xian)了(le)各(ge)種技(ji)術的(de)(de)高度融合(he)，導(dao)致各(ge)技(ji)術分(fen)界點非常模糊，降(jiang)低了(le)專業(ye)化要(yao)(yao)求。間隔層中的(de)(de)GOOSE是(shi)交換機(ji)設備(bei)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)組成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)，在功能(neng)上完(wan)全(quan)可以(yi)符(fu)合(he)各(ge)個線路的(de)(de)通(tong)暢(chang)需求，而且實現(xian)了(le)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)聯絡，劃分(fen)清了(le)不(bu)同職責和(he)權(quan)限(xian)，所以(yi)能(neng)進行歸口(kou)管理的(de)(de)盡(jin)量采取歸口(kou)管理。進行系統維(wei)護時，還要(yao)(yao)急性(xing)設計、驗收和(he)運行等各(ge)項操作(zuo)，只有(you)實現(xian)各(ge)個環節的(de)(de)相互配合(he)和(he)聯系，才能(neng)提高整體系統運行的(de)(de)穩定性(xing)。

（五）加(jia)強(qiang)智(zhi)能化變電(dian)站資料管(guan)理

智能(neng)化變(bian)電(dian)站所產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)子資(zi)(zi)料必須由專(zhuan)人進(jin)行(xing)保護(hu)，保證資(zi)(zi)料的(de)完(wan)整性(xing)，必要時還要進(jin)行(xing)備份(fen)。沒有(you)出現特殊狀況不能(neng)挪用資(zi)(zi)料，避免資(zi)(zi)料遭受(shou)惡意代碼(ma)和病毒的(de)侵襲。完(wan)善系統升級時，必須嚴(yan)格管理相(xiang)關程(cheng)序，保證設備的(de)安全運行(xing)。

結語

智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)站是電(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設中的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)任務，對電(dian)力企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)期發(fa)展具有很(hen)大(da)作用。但(dan)是目前500kV智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)運(yun)維(wei)一體(ti)化(hua)依然處于(yu)初步探索階段，實際(ji)運(yun)行時間(jian)比較短暫，還沒有形(xing)成統一化(hua)管理(li)模式，導(dao)致實踐(jian)中經(jing)常存(cun)在很(hen)多問題，影響了智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)站運(yun)維(wei)一體(ti)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。所以必須在實踐(jian)中不斷探索，認真(zhen)總(zong)結經(jing)驗，加強(qiang)運(yun)行維(wei)護管理(li)監督和管理(li)，給500kV智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)站運(yun)行提供(gong)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)環境，保(bao)證智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)站安(an)全、穩定的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。

參考文獻

[1]吳國權(quan).智能變電站(zhan)運維及操作的研(yan)究(jiu)與應用[J].華(hua)北電力大學，2015，2（3）：123-124.

[2]楊松偉.浙(zhe)江省電力(li)檢修公司變電運(yun)維(wei)人員績效(xiao)評(ping)價體系研究[J].華北電力(li)大學，2014，2（6）：23-25.

篇7

關鍵詞(ci):智能化變(bian)電(dian)站；智能一次電(dian)氣設備(bei)；主變(bian)壓器

Abstract: with all kinds of the most advanced technology in the wide application of power network, intelligent has been become the inevitable trend of the power grid. Smart grid is put the advanced sensing measurement technology, information communication technology analysis and decision technology, automatic control technology and energy power technologies, and the grid infrastructure and highly integrated and the formation of a new modern power grid. Intelligent substation advanced, reliable, integration of intelligent equipment, realize a equipment intelligent, secondary equipment and network of main equipment of on-line monitoring, and realize the sharing of resources, efficiently save design costs, reduce maintenance, and improve the equipment utilization rate. This article from the construction of intelligent substations, this paper discusses the intelligent substation electrical equipment installation and commissioning work.

Keywords: intelligent substation; Intelligent a electrical equipment; The main transformer

中(zhong)圖分類號：F407.6文獻標(biao)識碼(ma)：A 文章編號：

一(yi)、智(zhi)能變電站的建設(she)要求電氣設(she)備安裝質量(liang)控制重要性

智(zhi)能(neng)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)主(zhu)要(yao)有變壓器(qi)、電(dian)氣(qi)主(zhu)接線(xian)及廠用電(dian)、配電(dian)裝(zhuang)置、變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)以及智(zhi)能(neng)元器(qi)件等(deng)(deng)組成。由于電(dian)廠、變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓較高、電(dian)流較大的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)，其(qi)電(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安裝(zhuang)要(yao)求也相應較高。其(qi)安裝(zhuang)質量(liang)以及設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)選型、材(cai)料(liao)質量(liang)等(deng)(deng)多方面(mian)決定了電(dian)廠、變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)運行(xing)(xing)安全。電(dian)廠、變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)接線(xian)牢固(gu)度、正確性，變電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)接地線(xian)的(de)安裝(zhuang)，設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)固(gu)定螺絲(si)的(de)旋(xuan)緊、電(dian)氣(qi)儀表(biao)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)固(gu)定架的(de)焊接等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)多方面(mian)都是(shi)影響電(dian)廠、變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)安裝(zhuang)質量(liang)的(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)在進行(xing)(xing)電(dian)廠、變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)器(qi)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安裝(zhuang)過程中，必須通過健全的(de)質量(liang)控制(zhi)體系來對安裝(zhuang)施工質量(liang)進行(xing)(xing)監控，一次保障電(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)安裝(zhuang)質量(liang)。

二、智能變電站的智能電氣設備

智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電氣設備(bei)是附加了智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)高壓設備(bei)，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)通(tong)過狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態感知(zhi)與(yu)指令(ling)執(zhi)行元件(jian)(jian)(jian)，實現狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態的(de)(de)可視化、控制網絡的(de)(de)自動(dong)化，為智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電網的(de)(de)提供最基礎的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)支撐。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)是若(ruo)干智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電子裝置的(de)(de)集(ji)合，安裝于宿(su)主(zhu)設備(bei)旁，承(cheng)擔與(yu)宿(su)主(zhu)設備(bei)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)測(ce)量、控制、和檢測(ce)等功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。滿足(zu)相(xiang)關(guan)標準要求時(shi)，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)還可以集(ji)成(cheng)相(xiang)關(guan)繼(ji)電保護功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

三、變電站智能一次(ci)設備配(pei)置結構及(ji)其安裝調試(shi)方法

根(gen)據XX智能化(hua)變電站的建設(she)要求，對該(gai)變電站智能一次設(she)備配置結構如下圖。

XX變(bian)電站智(zhi)能一次設備(bei)配置圖

首先(xian)，定義功能(neng)層和(he)邏輯(ji)接口(kou)，依據(ju)IEC61850標準(zhun)規約，實施一(yi)次(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)信息標準(zhun)化，對象(xiang)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)抽(chou)象(xiang)。其次(ci)，將(jiang)一(yi)次(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)與(yu)二次(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)結(jie)合，進(jin)行一(yi)次(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)智能(neng)化。安裝(zhuang)調(diao)(diao)試用于(yu)進(jin)行信息采(cai)集、傳遞的(de)(de)(de)光電互感器，并(bing)檢(jian)測其在全(quan)方(fang)位(wei)在線監測設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)運行狀況是否良(liang)好。再次(ci)，安裝(zhuang)調(diao)(diao)試通過光纖通信網(wang)絡連接起來的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)電站(zhan)層的(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)站(zhan)、后(hou)臺工(gong)作(zuo)站(zhan)，間隔層的(de)(de)(de)間隔控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、保護單元，過程層的(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)一(yi)次(ci)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)單元。然后(hou)，查看并(bing)確定系統(tong)中開關(guan)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)(拓撲節(jie)點(dian)(dian))和(he)電氣量節(jie)點(dian)(dian)(控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)節(jie)點(dian)(dian))的(de)(de)(de)布局，傳統(tong)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)和(he)電力(li)電子設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)功能(neng)配置，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)策略仿真。最后(hou)，對整體進(jin)行功能(neng)優化和(he)調(diao)(diao)試。

四、主變壓器安裝

主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)作為變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)設(she)備，其安(an)裝(zhuang)質(zhi)量的(de)好壞(huai)直接影響到投運后電(dian)網的(de)安(an)全運行(xing)，故在(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)過程(cheng)中，必須嚴(yan)格按照規(gui)程(cheng)規(gui)范和廠家說明書(shu)編制詳細(xi)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)安(an)裝(zhuang)安(an)全技(ji)術措施(shi)，并在(zai)施(shi)工過程(cheng)中嚴(yan)格執行(xing)。

變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)開箱驗收時(shi)，應(ying)認真核對(dui)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的規格型號及主要技術參數是(shi)否符合(he)設計圖紙要求；仔細檢查外殼是(shi)否有外傷、滲油(you)；瓷(ci)件是(shi)否有脫(tuo)瓷(ci)、裂紋、 破損；備品(pin)、備件是(shi)否齊(qi)全。對(dui)現場安裝不(bu)吊心的變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，還應(ying)全面(mian)詢問押運(yun)人員運(yun)輸(shu)中經過道路狀況及車輛運(yun)行情況，以便對(dui)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)內(nei)部鐵心、線(xian)圈是(shi)否可(ke)能發(fa)生 移位和(he)松(song)動做出判斷。

變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)就(jiu)位前的安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工序，了解(jie)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)制造時是否(fou)(fou)在排放瓦斯(si)(si)方向留有1.0～1.5%的升(sheng)高(gao)坡度(du)(du)。如果未留，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)現(xian)場應(ying)自行墊高(gao)處理(li)，以利故障 運行時瓦斯(si)(si)排放順(shun)暢。帶有載(zai)調壓(ya)的主變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，傳動機(ji)構應(ying)靈活無卡(ka)阻，切(qie)換順(shun)序應(ying)符合出廠要(yao)求，指(zhi)示應(ying)正(zheng)確。瓦斯(si)(si)繼電(dian)器(qi)、壓(ya)力釋(shi)放閥、油(you)位指(zhi)示計、溫度(du)(du)計二 次(ci)接(jie)(jie)線必須正(zheng)確，信號傳輸必須可(ke)靠(kao)。根據變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的制造特點展開安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工作，其主要(yao)質量指(zhi)標體現(xian)在內(nei)部線圈(quan)、鐵心和絕緣(yuan)油(you)上，變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)結(jie)束后，應(ying)嚴(yan)格按(an)照規 范要(yao)求，參照出廠試驗報告，對各項技術指(zhi)標重(zhong)新做(zuo)設備(bei)交接(jie)(jie)試驗，做(zuo)出是否(fou)(fou)合格、能(neng)否(fou)(fou)投(tou)入(ru)運行的結(jie)論。

五、室(shi)外高(gao)壓隔離開關安裝

1)設備安裝前(qian)需要(yao)對各部件(jian)做好(hao)詳細的查(cha)驗，確保瓷(ci)件(jian)未(wei)破損(sun)，絕緣子(zi)被牢固(gu)(gu)的固(gu)(gu)定；2)相(xiang)間距離誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)必須(xu)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)十(shi)毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)以(yi)內，并(bing)保證(zheng)連桿位(wei)于(yu)同一(yi)(yi)水(shui)平線（誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)要(yao)低于(yu)二毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)）；3)保證(zheng)支柱絕緣被牢固(gu)(gu)的安裝好(hao)，同時保持三相(xiang)V型夾角一(yi)(yi)致，同一(yi)(yi)側瓷(ci)柱保持在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)水(shui)平線上(shang)；4)主觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)、三相(xiang)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)應同期被接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)，相(xiang)位(wei)差(cha)(cha)要(yao)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)五毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)以(yi)內；5)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)表面應平整(zheng)，接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)緊(jin)密，兩側壓力(li)均勻，導(dao)電部分(fen)安裝結(jie)束(shu)用0.05mm×10mm塞尺塞不進(jin)去，轉動部分(fen)靈活，固(gu)(gu)定牢固(gu)(gu)。

六(liu)、無(wu)功補償(chang)裝置安裝

目前(qian)，建設(she)單(dan)位(wei)多采用DWZT變電(dian)無功自動調節裝(zhuang)置，無功補(bu)償設(she)備的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)很嚴(yan)格。安(an)裝(zhuang)時：1）電(dian)容(rong)器組高3.2米(mi)，質量約4.3噸(dun)，運輸過程(cheng)中 傾(qing)斜不得(de)大于十(shi)五度(du)，電(dian)容(rong)器室(shi)門高一般為(wei)2.5米(mi)，運入室(shi)內困難；2）電(dian)容(rong)器組正上方(fang)裝(zhuang)有一組1.3米(mi)高的(de)放(fang)電(dian)線圈(quan)，電(dian)容(rong)器室(shi)屋頂高僅有4.5米(mi)，設(she)備不能按(an)設(she)計要(yao)求就(jiu)位(wei)。為(wei)加快安(an)裝(zhuang)進(jin)度(du)，通(tong)過與設(she)計單(dan)位(wei)、建設(she)單(dan)位(wei)、生產 廠家協商制定了可行的(de)施工方(fang)案：把電(dian)容(rong)器室(shi)南側(ce)墻打開使設(she)備入室(shi)；改立(li)式安(an)裝(zhuang)為(wei)側(ce)跨式安(an)裝(zhuang)。

七、結語

總之，在(zai)智(zhi)能(neng)變電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)由于使(shi)用了(le)大量智(zhi)能(neng)組件在(zai)主變、避雷(lei)器、GIS、高壓開(kai)關柜等主設(she)備上，實現了(le)對設(she)備狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)監測，進而(er)使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備真正的(de)(de)具有信息數字化(hua)(hua)、功能(neng)集成化(hua)(hua)、結構緊湊化(hua)(hua)、檢修狀(zhuang)態(tai)化(hua)(hua)以(yi)及運維高效化(hua)(hua)等特(te)點(dian)。同時在(zai)智(zhi)能(neng)變電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，為了(le)高質量的(de)(de)完成各種電(dian)(dian)氣的(de)(de)安(an)裝調試工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，除(chu)了(le)需(xu)要(yao)規范化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)程(cheng)序安(an)裝，還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)加強安(an)裝人(ren)員的(de)(de)質量控制意識，強化(hua)(hua)每(mei)一個安(an)裝環節的(de)(de)驗收管理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

【參考文獻】

[1] 張文明,焦萬才,侯(hou)雁鵬(peng).電(dian)氣(qi)設備安裝T實際操(cao)作手冊[M].遼寧：遼寧科學技術出版社,2006．

[2] 李(li)為(wei)華.發電廠電氣設備安(an)裝與調試[J]工(gong)業技術(shu),2006,(7).

[3] 劉光(guang)源(yuan).電氣設備安(an)裝技術問(wen)答[M].北京：中國(guo)電力出版社,2007.

[4] 湯(tang)廣福(fu),李功新.先進(jin)電力(li)電子(zi)技(ji)術(shu)在超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)輸電網中的應用[J]．變流技(ji)術(shu)與電力(li)牽引,2006,(2)．

篇8

關鍵詞：智能化變電(dian)站；設備集成；分(fen)析

中圖分類號：TB

文獻標識碼：A

doi：10.19311/ki.16723198.2016.13.097

1 前言

智(zhi)能化(hua)變電站是對(dui)數字化(hua)變電站的升級(ji)(ji)，其能夠對(dui)分布式狀態估計(ji)、智(zhi)能預警和(he)(he)戰域控制(zhi)等各種高級(ji)(ji)功能進(jin)行(xing)應用。同時(shi)，它也包含(han)了(le)狀態監測(ce)和(he)(he)智(zhi)能視(shi)頻監控等很多智(zhi)能輔助系統，充分實現了(le)變電站運行(xing)過程中的遠(yuan)程控制(zhi)和(he)(he)無人值(zhi)守。

2 智(zhi)能(neng)化變電站設備集(ji)成必要性和基礎應用

智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)離(li)不開智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)高壓(ya)(ya)設(she)(she)備的(de)應(ying)用(yong)，技術人(ren)員需要(yao)對(dui)(dui)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)一(yi)次(ci)設(she)(she)備和(he)(he)二次(ci)設(she)(she)備集成(cheng)技術進(jin)行(xing)研究，以(yi)實(shi)(shi)現智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)高壓(ya)(ya)設(she)(she)備的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。結合相關規范對(dui)(dui)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)傳感器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)組件進(jin)行(xing)集成(cheng)應(ying)用(yong)。在(zai)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工程中，可以(yi)對(dui)(dui)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)一(yi)次(ci)設(she)(she)備與傳感器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)子互感器(qi)(qi)等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)優化集成(cheng)。傳感器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)子式互感器(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)組件和(he)(he)一(yi)次(ci)高壓(ya)(ya)設(she)(she)備進(jin)行(xing)連接，實(shi)(shi)現高壓(ya)(ya)設(she)(she)備的(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化，從根本上提(ti)高了智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)整(zheng)體(ti)性能(neng)。

3 變電站二次監控設備的(de)集成和整(zheng)合

當前，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)日(ri)益增多，各個(ge)(ge)應(ying)用系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)渠道也(ye)逐漸拓(tuo)寬(kuan)。受設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)制造過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)影響，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)口(kou)和(he)(he)(he)應(ying)用層面存在差異性(xing)(xing)，很難對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行統(tong)(tong)一(yi)監(jian)控。中(zhong)國南方電(dian)網公司基于智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)(he)典型造價(jia)考(kao)慮，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)行統(tong)(tong)一(yi)采購，并(bing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)監(jian)控進(jin)(jin)行統(tong)(tong)一(yi)整(zheng)合(he)，確保設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)生產的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)接(jie)口(kou)預(yu)留的(de)(de)(de)固定(ding)性(xing)(xing)。重(zhong)視(shi)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)二次(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)招標采購和(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)必(bi)須(xu)接(jie)受集(ji)成商的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，進(jin)(jin)而對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各個(ge)(ge)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)規約(yue)和(he)(he)(he)操作性(xing)(xing)等進(jin)(jin)行驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)，然后(hou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)行應(ying)用。集(ji)成整(zheng)合(he)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)單位要(yao)具備(bei)(bei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)成和(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)資質，以確保能(neng)(neng)夠獨(du)立勝任設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)工作。其(qi)(qi)既能(neng)(neng)夠滿(man)足不(bu)同廠家對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)具體設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)要(yao)求，又能(neng)(neng)夠對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行有效整(zheng)合(he)，最(zui)大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度提高中(zhong)央監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)運行的(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確性(xing)(xing)。例(li)如，某地智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，注重(zhong)結合(he)具體工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)求，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行施(shi)工和(he)(he)(he)調試(shi)，很大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上(shang)實現了(le)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)享和(he)(he)(he)利用，也(ye)保證(zheng)了(le)各個(ge)(ge)廠家電(dian)氣(qi)二次(ci)(ci)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)控制裝(zhuang)置生產和(he)(he)(he)應(ying)用過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)相互(hu)替換和(he)(he)(he)操作。應(ying)用模塊設(she)(she)(she)(she)置對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)集(ji)中(zhong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行控制，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)二次(ci)(ci)監(jian)控設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)廠家標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)(jin)行統(tong)(tong)一(yi)，借助(zhu)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)應(ying)用單位對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行統(tong)(tong)一(yi)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。很大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上(shang)確保了(le)數(shu)據(ju)測量和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)氣(qi)二次(ci)(ci)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)運行的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)以及信(xin)(xin)息(xi)數(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)便利性(xing)(xing)等，降(jiang)低了(le)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)后(hou)期的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)檢修和(he)(he)(he)維護(hu)難度，為人(ren)們提供了(le)綠色安全的(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)環境(jing)。

4 變電站智(zhi)能系統規劃(hua)設計和應用

設(she)備制造商在變電(dian)站設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程中，一般會根據電(dian)氣工業協會設(she)定的具體標準，對物理(li)層接(jie)口進行預留，并借助軟件(jian)在數據鏈路(lu)層和應用(yong)層對數據通信系統和IED設(she)備的連接(jie)。其(qi)在實際操作(zuo)過(guo)程中存在較大(da)的弊端(duan)。它(ta)威脅了設(she)備運行的可(ke)靠性。在原有(you)基礎上，其(qi)運行維(wei)護(hu)檢修端(duan)口數量也有(you)所增加，使數據連接(jie)線(xian)面臨諸多問(wen)題。

計算機(ji)(ji)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)網絡技術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)快速(su)發展(zhan)，為(wei)變電站(zhan)智(zhi)能系(xi)統提供了廣(guang)闊的(de)發展(zhan)和(he)應用契機(ji)(ji)。當前變電站(zhan)二次(ci)設(she)備(bei)制造(zao)商逐漸通過(guo)計算機(ji)(ji)局域(yu)(yu)網絡技術(shu)(shu)(shu)，應用LAN技術(shu)(shu)(shu)實(shi)現(xian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據的(de)傳輸和(he)接駁。借助計算機(ji)(ji)局域(yu)(yu)網技術(shu)(shu)(shu)，能夠提高變電站(zhan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據的(de)運輸速(su)度和(he)效率，也(ye)能夠通過(guo)局域(yu)(yu)網節點處(chu)理(li)功能對(dui)(dui)各項(xiang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據進行分散(san)，在不同(tong)節點背景下(xia)，使各項(xiang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據達到(dao)良(liang)好的(de)處(chu)理(li)效果。對(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據進行科學合(he)理(li)的(de)分配，確保了數(shu)(shu)(shu)據終(zhong)端運算的(de)合(he)理(li)性，避免了數(shu)(shu)(shu)據處(chu)理(li)過(guo)程中的(de)超負荷，達到(dao)了良(liang)好的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據處(chu)理(li)效果。計算機(ji)(ji)局域(yu)(yu)網的(de)優勢在于其能夠實(shi)現(xian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據的(de)大批(pi)量傳輸，對(dui)(dui)變電站(zhan)內部(bu)的(de)各種數(shu)(shu)(shu)據進行分別采(cai)集，對(dui)(dui)不同(tong)智(zhi)能單(dan)元進行分別掛(gua)網運行。

智能化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的自動化(hua)系統主要借(jie)助站層控(kong)制中心和IED進行(xing)數(shu)據(ju)通信，從而實現現場(chang)IED設(she)備(bei)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)控(kong)制，以及斷(duan)路器分(fen)合和自動重(zhong)合閘開(kai)閉等電(dian)(dian)氣一次設(she)備(bei)開(kai)閉控(kong)制的遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)操作。自動化(hua)集成系統有效(xiao)提高了電(dian)(dian)氣二次設(she)備(bei)的各項(xiang)功能。

某電網(wang)公司(si)曾提(ti)出應用中心(xin)級(ji)分層分布式(shi)變電站(zhan)(zhan)狀態(tai)監測系統(tong)設(she)(she)計(ji)模式(shi)對變電站(zhan)(zhan)二(er)(er)次監控系統(tong)進行設(she)(she)計(ji)和規(gui)劃。它的原理是(shi)借(jie)助核心(xin)中心(xin)級(ji)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)狀態(tai)監測系統(tong)和多智能(neng)體(ti)構成、系統(tong)工作(zuo)模式(shi)等，實現框架架構和變電站(zhan)(zhan)系統(tong)監控與(yu)數據(ju)搜集(ji)傳輸在云端平臺的鏈接，以達(da)到(dao)大數據(ju)集(ji)成目的。其優勢在于比較靈活，能(neng)夠適(shi)應各種環境。從而實現智能(neng)化(hua)變電站(zhan)(zhan)的設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)集(ji)成，提(ti)高電氣二(er)(er)次設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)后期維護和技術(shu)改造質量(liang)。

5 結語

計(ji)算機網絡通信交(jiao)換技術(shu)為變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)設(she)備集成提供(gong)了廣闊的(de)發展(zhan)空間，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠確保用(yong)戶對變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站運行的(de)實施(shi)監控(kong)，在傳統基礎上，對變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站功能(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)行升級，使我國通信體系結(jie)(jie)構(gou)更加開放。電力設(she)計(ji)人(ren)員要結(jie)(jie)合(he)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站的(de)區域性背景，最(zui)大程度(du)保障變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)備的(de)選型質(zhi)量和集成技術(shu)的(de)優化(hua)效果，從(cong)根本(ben)上實現(xian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)，從(cong)而提高人(ren)們的(de)日常用(yong)電質(zhi)量，促進(jin)我國電力企業又好又快發展(zhan)。

參考文獻

篇9

關鍵(jian)(jian)詞：智(zhi)能化；變電(dian)站；運行維護；關鍵(jian)(jian)技術(shu)

一、智能化變電站的(de)技術特點

智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)作為一(yi)種集(ji)合了(le)(le)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)網(wang)絡(luo)通(tong)(tong)訊技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現代化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，其在變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)控制上能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實(shi)現自動化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)交互(hu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)控制，不(bu)僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)減少人為操(cao)(cao)作與(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作量，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現對整(zheng)個(ge)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)及供電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)管(guan)理，大大提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)故障檢修、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)維(wei)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作效率，其具(ju)(ju)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)先(xian)(xian)進、可靠(kao)、集(ji)成、低碳、環(huan)保(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)特點(dian)包括以下(xia)幾個(ge)方面(mian)：（1）共(gong)享性(xing)(xing)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)建立包含各類系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)護相關(guan)數(shu)據(ju)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)模型(xing)，按照標準通(tong)(tong)訊規范(fan)要求，實(shi)現各獨立運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)集(ji)成，并在系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內實(shi)現信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)共(gong)享。（2）兼容性(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)可操(cao)(cao)作性(xing)(xing)。系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)不(bu)同廠家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制造零部(bu)件相統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)，使系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兼容性(xing)(xing)及可操(cao)(cao)作性(xing)(xing)。（3）可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)運(yun)(yun)用了(le)(le)較(jiao)(jiao)先(xian)(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子式互(hu)感器，其與(yu)(yu)(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)互(hu)感器相比較(jiao)(jiao)，具(ju)(ju)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)更加(jia)完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，大大降低了(le)(le)開裂、飽和、諧振等問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)幾率，可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)。（4）連貫(guan)性(xing)(xing)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中采用了(le)(le)光纜(lan)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)傳輸技(ji)術(shu)，相較(jiao)(jiao)于電(dian)纜(lan)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)傳輸具(ju)(ju)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)連貫(guan)性(xing)(xing)。（5）高(gao)(gao)(gao)效性(xing)(xing)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)由于其智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，其運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)護工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)效率也相對越高(gao)(gao)(gao)，而人工(gong)成本也將隨之大大減少。

二、智能(neng)化變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)運行維護中需要著(zhu)重解決(jue)的問題

（一）運行可(ke)靠性問題

當前階(jie)段我國的(de)(de)智能(neng)化變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)在技(ji)術的(de)(de)成熟性(xing)與(yu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)方面仍存在著一定的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)之處，分析(xi)其原(yuan)因主要包括以下幾(ji)個方面：（1）智能(neng)化變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)內部安(an)裝的(de)(de)一系列有(you)源電(dian)(dian)子互感(gan)器(qi)需要長期連續供(gong)電(dian)(dian)才能(neng)保(bao)障(zhang)正常功能(neng)發揮，連續有(you)效供(gong)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)障(zhang)方面的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)將可(ke)能(neng)影(ying)響變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)。（2）高壓輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡(luo)所產生高壓電(dian)(dian)磁場可(ke)能(neng)會對互感(gan)器(qi)造成干擾，如對干擾的(de)(de)處理不(bu)(bu)及時(shi)，就可(ke)能(neng)會導(dao)致(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)影(ying)響。（3）智能(neng)化變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)部分光學互感(gan)器(qi)在運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)容易(yi)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)外(wai)界環境(jing)條件變(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)影(ying)響，如外(wai)界因素變(bian)(bian)(bian)化較大將可(ke)能(neng)會導(dao)致(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)穩定性(xing)與(yu)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)的(de)(de)下降。

（二）系統(tong)安全性問題

智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)變電(dian)站運行(xing)過程中(zhong)，信息的(de)(de)高(gao)度共享是(shi)其(qi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)特征，這很大程度上方便了系(xi)統的(de)(de)統一管(guan)理，但由于共享網絡(luo)的(de)(de)開放化(hua)(hua)，也(ye)導致了其(qi)容易(yi)受到來自外界(jie)的(de)(de)攻擊，造成變電(dian)站系(xi)統網絡(luo)的(de)(de)故障(zhang)甚至癱瘓，影響變電(dian)站運行(xing)安(an)全性。這也(ye)是(shi)智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)變電(dian)站運行(xing)維護要(yao)著重(zhong)解決的(de)(de)一個問(wen)題(ti)。

（三）快速保(bao)護問(wen)題

智(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)站在(zai)運行過程(cheng)中信(xin)息(xi)通訊(xun)的(de)及時(shi)性與高(gao)速性仍有待提高(gao)，當緊(jin)急(ji)事故發生時(shi)，系統的(de)應急(ji)處(chu)理及時(shi)性不足，保護速度(du)(du)相較于傳統電(dian)網(wang)通訊(xun)模式(shi)下存在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)延遲，如(ru)何提高(gao)通訊(xun)速度(du)(du)與系統保護速度(du)(du)，成為了智(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)站運行維護所要(yao)解決的(de)重要(yao)問題。

（四）安(an)裝(zhuang)保護問題(ti)

對(dui)于(yu)安(an)裝在室(shi)外(wai)的(de)一次設(she)備而言，要充(chong)分(fen)考(kao)慮外(wai)界環境因(yin)素對(dui)設(she)備運(yun)行的(de)影響(xiang)，如對(dui)溫度與濕(shi)度的(de)控制，因(yin)此，在安(an)裝過程中做好保護工作是十分(fen)必要的(de)，要采取有(you)效措(cuo)施控制外(wai)界環境因(yin)素的(de)影響(xiang)，以保障設(she)備的(de)正常運(yun)行。

三、智能(neng)化變電(dian)站運行維(wei)護的(de)關鍵技術

（一）智能化變電站(zhan)設備運(yun)行維護的技術分析

智能化變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)一次(ci)(ci)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)護技術與傳統(tong)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)系統(tong)的一次(ci)(ci)設(she)備(bei)(bei)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)護基本相(xiang)同(tong)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)包括(kuo)相(xiang)應運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)規(gui)范的制定，設(she)計的優化，安裝過(guo)程(cheng)中的規(gui)范化要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，以及常規(gui)的運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)護工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的執行(xing)(xing)，其中設(she)計環(huan)節要(yao)(yao)(yao)求設(she)計者應根據智能化變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)實(shi)際工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)需(xu)求，做好與設(she)備(bei)(bei)生產廠商的交(jiao)流溝通(tong)，統(tong)一各方(fang)(fang)意見，確保設(she)計方(fang)(fang)案與完善性與可行(xing)(xing)性，并能夠充分(fen)發揮(hui)智能化的優勢作(zuo)(zuo)用。日常運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)護過(guo)程(cheng)中要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意對(dui)電(dian)(dian)子式互感器、智能開(kai)關等設(she)備(bei)(bei)及相(xiang)關元(yuan)器件(jian)的性能檢(jian)查，要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意對(dui)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)長(chang)期連(lian)續供電(dian)(dian)的設(she)備(bei)(bei)的供電(dian)(dian)保障檢(jian)測，對(dui)于高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)磁場對(dui)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的影響(xiang)應進行(xing)(xing)實(shi)時的監測，一旦發現異(yi)常干擾(rao)，及時進行(xing)(xing)處理。

智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化變電站的(de)二(er)次設(she)(she)備運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，主要(yao)包括兩(liang)個方面(mian)的(de)內(nei)容，即自(zi)動(dong)裝置保護(hu)(hu)(hu)與合并(bing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元形式，合并(bing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)其中的(de)重點，合并(bing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)過程中，應(ying)首先對(dui)系統中的(de)報警信(xin)(xin)息進行(xing)檢查與處理，通常(chang)情況下(xia)報警信(xin)(xin)息的(de)出現都與導航失穩(wen)有著很大關系，而工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)專業技術能(neng)(neng)(neng)力與水平(ping)，日(ri)常(chang)系統運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)操作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)規范性也都是(shi)(shi)影響(xiang)二(er)次設(she)(she)備運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)穩(wen)定的(de)重要(yao)原因(yin)，在實(shi)際的(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)重點注意(yi)對(dui)設(she)(she)備運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)過程中異常(chang)信(xin)(xin)號的(de)監測，確保設(she)(she)備的(de)正產運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)與功能(neng)(neng)(neng)發揮。

（二）智能化(hua)變電站的(de)繼電保護校驗

智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變電站的(de)(de)繼電保(bao)(bao)護校(xiao)驗(yan)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)良(liang)好發揮主要是通(tong)過光(guang)纜信(xin)息傳(chuan)輸技(ji)術與(yu)(yu)數(shu)字化(hua)保(bao)(bao)護測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)運用來實現(xian)的(de)(de)，通(tong)過對一(yi)(yi)次設備(bei)采(cai)集(ji)的(de)(de)信(xin)息進行(xing)數(shu)字化(hua)的(de)(de)轉換，經由光(guang)纜技(ji)術傳(chuan)輸至測(ce)控(kong)保(bao)(bao)護設備(bei)系(xi)統，并由后(hou)臺(tai)監控(kong)系(xi)統進行(xing)監控(kong)與(yu)(yu)處(chu)理，不僅保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)了(le)信(xin)息傳(chuan)輸的(de)(de)通(tong)暢性與(yu)(yu)連貫性，也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠通(tong)過繼電保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置對信(xin)息的(de)(de)接受，發揮有(you)效的(de)(de)繼電保(bao)(bao)護作用。數(shu)字化(hua)保(bao)(bao)護測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)運用，可以(yi)實現(xian)一(yi)(yi)對一(yi)(yi)以(yi)及一(yi)(yi)對多(duo)的(de)(de)繼電保(bao)(bao)護檢測(ce)，測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)果更加準(zhun)確，并能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠充分(fen)滿足IEC61850標準(zhun)的(de)(de)要求，也(ye)提高繼電保(bao)(bao)護校(xiao)驗(yan)的(de)(de)有(you)效性。

四、總結

智能化(hua)(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是未來變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)建設與(yu)發展的(de)必然趨勢，加強對智能化(hua)(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)運行(xing)維護關鍵技(ji)術的(de)分析與(yu)研究，有利(li)于(yu)提高(gao)我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業智能化(hua)(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)設計與(yu)建設的(de)技(ji)術水(shui)平，并保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應系統運行(xing)的(de)穩(wen)定性與(yu)可靠性，對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力行(xing)業自動化(hua)(hua)、現代化(hua)(hua)的(de)發展具有著積極的(de)意義。

篇10

關鍵詞：智能化變電站；運行維護；問(wen)題；改善對(dui)策

DOI：10.16640/ki.37-1222/t.2017.09.129

智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)設(she)備主要(yao)包(bao)括智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)開關設(she)備、電(dian)子式互感器(qi)(qi)等。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)與控制(zhi)系統(tong)依靠通信(xin)(xin)光(guang)纖相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，可及時掌(zhang)握變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)狀(zhuang)態參(can)數和運(yun)(yun)行(xing)數據。當(dang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)方式發(fa)(fa)生改(gai)變(bian)(bian)時，設(she)備根據系統(tong)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)、功率(lv)情況(kuang)，決(jue)定是(shi)否調(diao)節分接頭；當(dang)設(she)備出(chu)現問題(ti)時，會(hui)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)預警(jing)并提供(gong)狀(zhuang)態參(can)數等，在一定程度上降低運(yun)(yun)行(xing)管理成本，減少隱患，提高(gao)(gao)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)可靠性。在電(dian)網的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)過程里(li)，其中一項重要(yao)的(de)內容就是(shi)促進(jin)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站的(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。相(xiang)(xiang)比較傳統(tong)的(de)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化的(de)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站就有(you)更為(wei)優越(yue)的(de)性能(neng)，不僅(jin)能(neng)夠降低事故的(de)發(fa)(fa)生頻(pin)率(lv)，同時還可以避免(mian)由(you)于鐵(tie)磁共(gong)振等方面的(de)問題(ti)，對(dui)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)內容實現共(gong)享，提高(gao)(gao)其可操作性。但是(shi)由(you)于我國的(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站的(de)起步(bu)較晚，再加上由(you)于智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站本身的(de)技(ji)術特點，也可能(neng)會(hui)為(wei)其運(yun)(yun)行(xing)維護帶來(lai)一定的(de)問題(ti)，所以相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)工作人員必須(xu)要(yao)對(dui)其給予足夠的(de)重視，提高(gao)(gao)自身的(de)技(ji)術水平，爭取促進(jin)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站的(de)全面發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

1 智(zhi)能化(hua)變電(dian)站的(de)技術特點

相比較傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站具(ju)備(bei)更為獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術特點(dian)，其不(bu)僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)對(dui)(dui)數(shu)據(ju)實現數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采集(ji)方法(fa)，還可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)(dui)系統實現交互(hu)(hu)(hu)化(hua)和(he)網(wang)格(ge)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)特點(dian)，這樣(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)對(dui)(dui)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)及時而(er)(er)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維護，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)設備(bei)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率，進(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)促進(jin)(jin)其全面智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。按(an)照不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范要(yao)(yao)求，可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)(dui)那(nei)些(xie)(xie)不(bu)同類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)對(dui)(dui)象，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建模(mo)，按(an)照不(bu)同技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類別(bie)，將那(nei)些(xie)(xie)互(hu)(hu)(hu)相獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理部門(men)、技術部門(men)納入到變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統中來(lai)，這樣(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)使變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項信息(xi)(xi)內容(rong)，及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳遞到各個部門(men)之中，讓(rang)信息(xi)(xi)具(ju)有(you)交互(hu)(hu)(hu)化(hua)和(he)網(wang)絡化(hua)，實現充(chong)分(fen)共(gong)享；其次，對(dui)(dui)信息(xi)(xi)內容(rong)制(zhi)定(ding)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準，使制(zhi)造廠(chang)和(he)IED之間(jian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)靈活相處，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)；第(di)(di)三，利用電(dian)(dian)子式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)來(lai)替代(dai)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)，對(dui)(dui)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)提(ti)(ti)升，進(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)使變(bian)壓(ya)設備(bei)獲得(de)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量；第(di)(di)四，為了避免二次電(dian)(dian)纜可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害性(xing)，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)纜線做出調整(zheng)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)其可(ke)利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度，拋棄傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜。還有(you)，對(dui)(dui)于變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在線監(jian)測效(xiao)率和(he)水(shui)平，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)，爭取讓(rang)其獲得(de)較為穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平。

2 智(zhi)能化變電(dian)站運行維護中遇到的問題

2.1 基礎設備安裝的(de)安全性問(wen)題

在(zai)智(zhi)能(neng)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護中(zhong)，關于基礎(chu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)也是一(yi)項重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)，大部(bu)分基礎(chu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)質量，都(dou)可(ke)能(neng)會對(dui)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)運(yun)行(xing)過程造成(cheng)影響(xiang)。所以(yi)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)用正確的(de)(de)(de)方法，才能(neng)保障系統(tong)能(neng)夠正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)。在(zai)調(diao)查中(zhong)發現，部(bu)分變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)中(zhong)對(dui)基礎(chu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)性(xing)能(neng)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是十(shi)分嚴格，導致安(an)裝(zhuang)過程還(huan)存在(zai)著不(bu)(bu)(bu)穩定性(xing)，對(dui)于工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員來說，這些(xie)都(dou)屬(shu)于安(an)全隱患(huan)，很可(ke)能(neng)會對(dui)整(zheng)個系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)造成(cheng)負面影響(xiang)。在(zai)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)中(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，要(yao)(yao)根據其不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)型(xing)號，采用不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)藝，具有較高的(de)(de)(de)復雜性(xing)，對(dui)于工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護管理工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，制造了(le)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)難題，同(tong)時還(huan)加重了(le)整(zheng)體(ti)運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)難度(du)。

2.2 技術穩定性(xing)與可靠性(xing)的問題

與傳統的(de)(de)技(ji)術內容相比較(jiao)，智(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電站的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)護工(gong)作(zuo)具有智(zhi)能化(hua)的(de)(de)操作(zuo)工(gong)藝(yi)、數字化(hua)的(de)(de)采(cai)集手段，以及系(xi)(xi)統分(fen)層等方(fang)面的(de)(de)特(te)點。在對(dui)變(bian)電站工(gong)作(zuo)效率進行(xing)(xing)提(ti)升的(de)(de)同時(shi)，也(ye)加劇了(le)系(xi)(xi)統運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)護工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)難度(du)。在其運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)過程中，一(yi)旦發生(sheng)故障，那(nei)么就需要具備(bei)專(zhuan)業水平的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)來(lai)進行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)護，并且針對(dui)某些問題，還(huan)需要采(cai)取專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)措施(shi)。由于(yu)我國的(de)(de)智(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電站剛剛起步，在技(ji)術上(shang)，對(dui)于(yu)一(yi)些工(gong)藝(yi)類型(xing)和(he)技(ji)術要求(qiu)還(huan)不是那(nei)么的(de)(de)熟悉(xi)，維(wei)(wei)修人員(yuan)所掌握的(de)(de)知識內容還(huan)存在著局(ju)限性(xing)，這都(dou)為運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)護工(gong)作(zuo)帶來(lai)了(le)不便。在運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)護工(gong)作(zuo)中，技(ji)術的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)和(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)，對(dui)工(gong)作(zuo)質(zhi)量有著決定性(xing)的(de)(de)影響，同時(shi)還(huan)和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命安全緊密相連，隨著智(zhi)能化(hua)變(bian)電站的(de)(de)不斷發展，關于(yu)一(yi)些新(xin)型(xing)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)應用，也(ye)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)變(bian)電站的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)效率，但是隨著這些設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)投入，也(ye)為變(bian)電站的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)護帶來(lai)了(le)技(ji)術型(xing)的(de)(de)難題，對(dui)日(ri)常(chang)管(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)，提(ti)出了(le)更高(gao)的(de)(de)挑戰性(xing)。

3 提高(gao)智能化變電站運行維護的具體措施

3.1 對(dui)變(bian)電站的設計、運行檢修提出(chu)嚴格的標準(zhun)

對(dui)于智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變電(dian)站而(er)言，相關設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)水平的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力起著關鍵性的(de)(de)(de)作用，它關乎到(dao)變電(dian)站能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠順利實現智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)，以及在(zai)后期的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)是否可(ke)以達(da)到(dao)相應的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程度，所以在(zai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)階段，需要(yao)就變電(dian)站智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)和(he)(he)(he)各個制(zhi)(zhi)造設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)常見問(wen)(wen)題(ti)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)交流和(he)(he)(he)溝通，對(dui)一(yi)些重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)環(huan)節進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)協調，爭取在(zai)先進(jin)理念的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，對(dui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)現場應用能(neng)(neng)(neng)力進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)加強。當然，在(zai)這(zhe)個環(huan)節中(zhong)(zhong)，設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)人員還需要(yao)對(dui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)展開全(quan)(quan)(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)實踐操作，這(zhe)樣能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠對(dui)一(yi)些設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)正確的(de)(de)(de)處理和(he)(he)(he)改(gai)正，完善設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)內(nei)(nei)容。而(er)對(dui)于檢(jian)修內(nei)(nei)容來說(shuo)，一(yi)些過于傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)修方法已經不再適合當下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)變電(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)需求了(le)，需要(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定出(chu)一(yi)些更為嚴格的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)修標(biao)準(zhun)。在(zai)對(dui)變電(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)展開檢(jian)修的(de)(de)(de)過程里，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會遇到(dao)一(yi)些技術(shu)性的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，像(xiang)修改(gai)、升級(ji)以及擴建方面的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容，這(zhe)些內(nei)(nei)容都需要(yao)借助(zhu)相應的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)要(yao)求來對(dui)操作進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)規范，這(zhe)樣才能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)促進(jin)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護和(he)(he)(he)升級(ji)，延長設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)使用年(nian)限(xian)，提高(gao)其運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。當智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)終端、合并單元等(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)，如(ru)果出(chu)現一(yi)些無法避(bi)免的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，那么在(zai)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)變電(dian)站運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)，不能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)仿(fang)傳統(tong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)處置方法，必(bi)須要(yao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)定更為高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)、安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)規范內(nei)(nei)容，明(ming)確具體的(de)(de)(de)操作流程。

3.2 提高相關工作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)綜合性的工作(zuo)素質

隨著變(bian)電站(zhan)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，對于運行(xing)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)而言(yan)，也有著更(geng)(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)型要(yao)求(qiu)，其(qi)(qi)所能(neng)(neng)(neng)涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)范圍也越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛(fan)，這(zhe)些(xie)都會為(wei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)提出(chu)更(geng)(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。為(wei)了對相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規定進(jin)(jin)行(xing)滿足，工作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)熟練(lian)掌(zhang)握自(zi)動化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、通信技(ji)(ji)術(shu)等方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)知識，還需(xu)要(yao)對相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)規范內容，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)繼電保護(hu)(hu)等方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)有個清楚的(de)(de)(de)認知，這(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)確保運行(xing)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，在(zai)面(mian)對問(wen)題時(shi)(shi)做出(chu)規范性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)，并給出(chu)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決方案。在(zai)設備運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)過程里，如果其(qi)(qi)出(chu)現(xian)異常情況，那么技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)需(xu)要(yao)對發生故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)診斷(duan)(duan)，這(zhe)樣才(cai)有可能(neng)(neng)(neng)最(zui)大化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)降低(di)事(shi)故(gu)損害。變(bian)電站(zhan)需(xu)要(yao)對工作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)定時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)輔導培(pei)訓工作(zuo)(zuo)，提高(gao)他們的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)水平，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)綜合(he)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)素(su)質，爭取(qu)建設出(chu)一支(zhi)更(geng)(geng)為(wei)專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)隊伍。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，針對變(bian)電站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)操作(zuo)(zuo)內容，上級領導還可以(yi)建立不(bu)(bu)定期的(de)(de)(de)審查機制，對各(ge)個工作(zuo)(zuo)崗位(wei)上的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工進(jin)(jin)行(xing)抽檢，了解(jie)他們實際的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)情況，并針對近期出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)問(wen)題進(jin)(jin)行(xing)理論(lun)和實踐上的(de)(de)(de)探究，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)根據員(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)表(biao)現(xian)，建立

（下(xia)轉第(di)108頁）

（上接第148頁(ye)）

相應的(de)獎懲制度，激發(fa)員工(gong)工(gong)作的(de)積極性和嚴謹性。

3.3 對(dui)整定值和壓板的管理進行合理強化

智能(neng)化(hua)變電站將其本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息內(nei)容(rong)，實現了一(yi)體化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，這樣對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于那些(xie)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置，可以(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)更為(wei)準確高效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于變電站的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)效(xiao)率，也(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)提升，取(qu)得(de)了較為(wei)不錯的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)果(guo)。但(dan)是，在(zai)(zai)(zai)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)中，由于其裝(zhuang)置具備一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊性，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于其操控(kong)內(nei)容(rong)，還需要(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)加強。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其定(ding)(ding)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)，要(yao)按照(zhao)規定(ding)(ding)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)修改，同(tong)時(shi)操作(zuo)切(qie)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)，也(ye)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)管理流程上進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)規范(fan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)業(ye)界，數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)軟壓板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)較為(wei)優越，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)智能(neng)化(hua)變電站中其具有廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于硬(ying)壓板(ban)(ban)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)修和維護的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，快保(bao)證設備已經停(ting)止運行(xing)(xing)，如果(guo)是指停(ting)止了一(yi)小部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備，那么對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)該(gai)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)壓板(ban)(ban)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)修時(shi)也(ye)必須(xu)要(yao)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)遵循(xun)安全規范(fan)，采取(qu)嚴謹的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)態度(du)，必要(yao)時(shi)要(yao)停(ting)止工(gong)作(zuo)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)一(yi)些(xie)設備進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)關閉。還有，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)不同(tong)種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)壓板(ban)(ban)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)投退操作(zuo)時(shi)，也(ye)必須(xu)遵循(xun)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)流程規定(ding)(ding)，盡可能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低損失(shi)。

4 結語

總(zong)而言之(zhi)，針對智能(neng)化變站，由(you)于(yu)長時(shi)間的(de)(de)運行，可(ke)能(neng)會造成一些故障，維護(hu)也是一項(xiang)必不可(ke)少的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)內容。有關部門需(xu)要(yao)對技術人員(yuan)的(de)(de)施工(gong)水(shui)平進行合理(li)的(de)(de)強(qiang)化，加(jia)強(qiang)隊伍的(de)(de)建設力度，這樣才能(neng)保(bao)證維護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)順利開展。還有，在(zai)日(ri)常(chang)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)中，也要(yao)做好檢修工(gong)作(zuo)，避免出(chu)現大(da)面(mian)積的(de)(de)故障問題，確(que)保(bao)智能(neng)化變電站能(neng)夠正常(chang)運行。

參考文獻：

[1]王(wang)家杰.關(guan)于智能(neng)化變電站運行維護(hu)技術的(de)相關(guan)探討[A].旭日華(hua)夏（北京(jing)）國際(ji)科學(xue)技術研究院.首(shou)屆國際(ji)信(xin)息化建設學(xue)術研討會(hui)論文集（一）[C].旭日華(hua)夏（北京(jing)）國際(ji)科學(xue)技術研究院，2016：1.

[2]孔軍.智能(neng)化變電站運行維護問(wen)題的思考[J].科(ke)技(ji)創業家，2013（18）：103.