建設工程消防設計范文

時間:2023-07-25 17:19:30

導語:如(ru)何(he)才能寫(xie)好一篇建設工(gong)程消防設計,這就(jiu)需要搜集整(zheng)理更多的(de)資料和文(wen)獻,歡迎(ying)閱(yue)讀由公務員之家整(zheng)理的(de)十(shi)篇范文(wen),供(gong)你借鑒。

建設工程消防設計

篇1

關鍵詞:建設工程消防設計;審核;驗收;問題

作為消防監督工(gong)(gong)作中的重點,建(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)消防設(she)(she)計(ji)審核與(yu)驗收主要是(shi)依(yi)托(tuo)于公(gong)安(an)消防部門,針對(dui)(dui)建(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)消防設(she)(she)計(ji)所報送圖紙(zhi)加以審核,對(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)計(ji)中的不(bu)足之(zhi)處加以糾(jiu)正,以保障人民群眾的生(sheng)命與(yu)財產(chan)安(an)全。當前,建(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)消防設(she)(she)計(ji)審核與(yu)驗收工(gong)(gong)作中仍(reng)然存在(zai)這樣或(huo)那樣的問(wen)題(ti),具體體現在(zai)建(jian)設(she)(she)方(fang)(fang)、設(she)(she)計(ji)方(fang)(fang)、施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)、監理方(fang)(fang)、公(gong)安(an)消防機構等(deng)多個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)。

1建(jian)設工程消防(fang)設計審核與驗收中(zhong)所存在的主要問題

1.1公安消防機構

很多地方消(xiao)防部(bu)(bu)門(men)在執法過(guo)程中保(bao)留了本該公示、公布、公告等(deng)(deng)諸多問題,致(zhi)使執法過(guo)程未(wei)考慮(lv)到時限的(de)要(yao)求,導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)審批時限難(nan)以保(bao)證。對于審批效(xiao)率而(er)言,多數消(xiao)防機構在審批過(guo)程中都能夠嚴格根據所(suo)規定的(de)工作流(liu)程展開,但存在部(bu)(bu)分部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)審批仍借助于傳(chuan)統紙質(zhi)文書進行辦理(li),如此執法極(ji)易導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)差錯,也容易引起(qi)“暗箱操作”等(deng)(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)。就審批服務而(er)言,由于受到傳(chuan)統特權主義思想的(de)影(ying)響,導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)服務質(zhi)量低下,給人以傲慢、無理(li)的(de)印象。

1.2建設方

很多建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單位對于(yu)公(gong)安消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)機(ji)構所(suo)組織的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)審核與(yu)(yu)(yu)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)作不(bu)重(zhong)視,由于(yu)認(ren)識(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)面存在(zai)偏差,很多單位選擇(ze)最大化(hua)地減(jian)少消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投資,導(dao)致(zhi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)產品質量不(bu)合(he)格,消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中隱患連(lian)連(lian),而這也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)公(gong)安消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)機(ji)構的(de)(de)一紙驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)合(he)格意見書所(suo)能(neng)完(wan)全預見的(de)(de)。由于(yu)認(ren)識(shi)(shi)不(bu)足,導(dao)致(zhi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單位對消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)問題不(bu)重(zhong)視,僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)為了通過(guo)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)審核與(yu)(yu)(yu)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)而隱瞞應(ying)付,致(zhi)使本(ben)應(ying)承(cheng)擔消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量監管的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)方(fang)(fang)發生了角色(se)的(de)(de)錯誤變換。1.3設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)有些設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位雖然能(neng)夠做(zuo)到嚴(yan)格根據國家有關法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)與(yu)(yu)(yu)技術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)進行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji),但出于(yu)競爭的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu),存在(zai)過(guo)分遷就建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)方(fang)(fang)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)等情況,部分設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位甚至不(bu)考慮建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況,在(zai)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙中所(suo)明確的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)在(zai)具(ju)體施工(gong)(gong)中無法(fa)實(shi)(shi)現,導(dao)致(zhi)隱患重(zhong)重(zhong),難以通過(guo)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。

1.4施工方

很多施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位并(bing)不(bu)(bu)根(gen)據設計圖紙、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)規(gui)范(fan)要求進(jin)行,擅自縮小消防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水管(guan)的(de)管(guan)徑,涂(tu)薄防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)涂(tu)料,部(bu)分(fen)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)(fang)為了得到(dao)工(gong)程(cheng),甚至冒著違(wei)法違(wei)規(gui)之(zhi)嫌,偷工(gong)減料、降低標準。部(bu)分(fen)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位為了遷(qian)就(jiu)建設方(fang)(fang)而(er)違(wei)規(gui)作業(ye),導(dao)致建設工(gong)程(cheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)災系統(tong)先(xian)天不(bu)(bu)足。1.5監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)部(bu)分(fen)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)位會(hui)定期(qi)、不(bu)(bu)定期(qi)地就(jiu)所承接項(xiang)目中(zhong)各項(xiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)情況進(jin)行監(jian)(jian)督,各項(xiang)目監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)也會(hui)對安全(quan)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)行為加(jia)以考(kao)核(he),但(dan)效果(guo)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)十分(fen)理(li)(li)(li)想。無論在內(nei)部(bu)安全(quan)教育方(fang)(fang)面(mian),還是項(xiang)目總(zong)監(jian)(jian)崗前(qian)考(kao)核(he)方(fang)(fang)面(mian),亦或安全(quan)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)序制定與規(gui)范(fan)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)都亟(ji)待改善(shan),因(yin)而(er)導(dao)致消防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)效果(guo)不(bu)(bu)佳。

2加強(qiang)建(jian)設工程消防設計審核與驗收的對策

2.1明確(que)各(ge)單位(wei)的(de)責任

對(dui)于公(gong)(gong)安(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)部門而言(yan),其擔負著安(an)全(quan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計審(shen)核(he)與驗收(shou)(shou)應堅持“誰建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、誰負責(ze)”的原(yuan)則。雖然建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)備案(an)分為“人員密集(ji)場所”、“普通(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)”兩種(zhong),驗收(shou)(shou)主(zhu)體方(fang)(fang)面(mian)存在(zai)(zai)不同(tong),但是,公(gong)(gong)安(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機構(gou)并不參(can)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中,而是負責(ze)監(jian)督(du)(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)部分的開展,為此(ci),公(gong)(gong)安(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)部門無直(zhi)接(jie)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)。設(she)計方(fang)(fang)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)方(fang)(fang)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)應對(dui)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)檢測的結果(guo)承(cheng)擔直(zhi)接(jie)責(ze)任(ren)(ren),全(quan)面(mian)推行備案(an)制(zhi)度,公(gong)(gong)安(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機構(gou)需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)之后進行嚴(yan)格抽查,明確消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)。對(dui)于公(gong)(gong)共場所,公(gong)(gong)安(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機構(gou)直(zhi)接(jie)參(can)與審(shen)核(he)和(he)驗收(shou)(shou)的,主(zhu)要(yao)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)依然在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)方(fang)(fang)。作為監(jian)督(du)(du)部門,存在(zai)(zai)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)事故的,公(gong)(gong)安(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機構(gou)必須承(cheng)擔失職之責(ze)。

2.2加強各單位之(zhi)間的(de)協(xie)調、統(tong)一

消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計(ji)審核與(yu)驗(yan)收(shou)屬(shu)于一(yi)項專項驗(yan)收(shou)制度,因此,應當與(yu)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)備案(an)保持良(liang)好銜接。根據《消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)法》的規定,建設(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)驗(yan)收(shou)之后必(bi)須(xu)報公安消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機構進行備案(an),但(dan)具體操作過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中往往出現(xian)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)還未竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou),已經進行了(le)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)備案(an)的情況(kuang)。很多建設(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)缺乏足夠的消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安全意識,設(she)置消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)施只是為(wei)了(le)取得(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)驗(yan)收(shou)手續。因此,必(bi)須(xu)嚴格控(kong)制建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)之后再進行消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)驗(yan)收(shou)備案(an)這一(yi)環節,同時,加(jia)強(qiang)對各(ge)單位(wei)及(ji)(ji)各(ge)環節的監督(du)檢查,及(ji)(ji)時將安全隱患消(xiao)除,保障(zhang)人民群眾的生命(ming)財產安全。同時,公安消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)部門(men)應注重協調建設(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、設(she)計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、監理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)等各(ge)單位(wei),加(jia)強(qiang)其(qi)相互之間的協調與(yu)配(pei)合,促(cu)進消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)順利(li)實施。

2.3改進(jin)消防設計審核(he)與驗收工作(zuo)

對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)建設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)而(er)(er)言,必須做好備案,對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)特定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)而(er)(er)言應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)推行(xing)驗收許(xu)可(ke),公(gong)(gong)(gong)共場所審核由(you)(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)機(ji)構(gou)負責(ze),其(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在取得施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)許(xu)可(ke)之后的(de)(de)七個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)日內,到公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)機(ji)構(gou)進行(xing)備案,由(you)(you)(you)其(qi)負責(ze)抽(chou)查(cha)。同(tong)時,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)注重增強消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)意(yi)識,自覺遵守技術規范,履(lv)行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)責(ze)任(ren),保(bao)障施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)機(ji)構(gou)而(er)(er)言,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)進一步加(jia)強消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)執法(fa)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督,樹立服務意(yi)識,嚴格履(lv)行(xing)有關法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規的(de)(de)要求(qiu),力求(qiu)實現(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)正、合理(li)與(yu)高效(xiao),嚴禁利(li)用該方(fang)法(fa)謀取不正當利(li)益。同(tong)時,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)引入公(gong)(gong)(gong)民監(jian)(jian)(jian)督制(zhi),防(fang)(fang)止腐敗問題滋(zi)生(sheng)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)而(er)(er)言,必須嚴格根據(ju)《消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)法(fa)》的(de)(de)有關規定(ding)進行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),同(tong)時,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)加(jia)強對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)育,防(fang)(fang)止拖延隱(yin)患實施(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)整改,提升其(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)責(ze)任(ren)意(yi)識,從根源上杜絕消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)方(fang)而(er)(er)言,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)明確(que)責(ze)任(ren),加(jia)強消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場監(jian)(jian)(jian)督與(yu)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。一旦發現(xian)(xian)問題,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)立即糾正,并在限期之內進行(xing)復(fu)查(cha),根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang),對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)質量(liang)(liang)保(bao)證體系(xi)加(jia)以抽(chou)查(cha),明確(que)其(qi)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)情況。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)計(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)而(er)(er)言,由(you)(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)機(ji)構(gou)定(ding)期向其(qi)通報審核情況,并在業務受理(li)窗(chuang)口公(gong)(gong)(gong)布其(qi)設(she)(she)計(ji)質量(liang)(liang)情況,對(dui)連續出現(xian)(xian)設(she)(she)計(ji)質量(liang)(liang)問題的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei),應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)將其(qi)情況抄報建設(she)(she)方(fang),并函告招投標辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi),作(zuo)為警(jing)示。

3結束語

一(yi)言(yan)以概(gai)之,建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程消(xiao)防設計審核與驗收已經(jing)成(cheng)為消(xiao)防審核的(de)重要防線之一(yi),因此,如何促進建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程消(xiao)防設計的(de)規范性、可靠(kao)性、安(an)全性十分關鍵,必須加(jia)強各(ge)單位、部門的(de)協(xie)調、配合,保(bao)障消(xiao)防工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)質量。

參考文獻

[1]趙金水,王海祥(xiang).關(guan)于建筑(zhu)工程(cheng)防(fang)火審(shen)核與驗收(shou)工作的(de)研究與探(tan)討(tao)[J].中國科技信息,2013,22(12):245-247.

篇2

關鍵詞:建筑工程消防設計;現狀;管理

中圖(tu)分(fen)類號:TU198文(wen)獻標識碼: A

引言

建筑消防設計(ji)直接關系(xi)著人(ren)們的生活(huo)和工作安全(quan),在現代建筑設計(ji)中(zhong)占(zhan)據重要地(di)位。

一、建筑設(she)計中防(fang)排煙消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計重點(dian)

(一)防排煙系統的主要設計方式

(1)防(fang)煙系統(tong)設計方式(shi)

當(dang)(dang)前,高(gao)層(ceng)民(min)(min)用(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)主要有自(zi)然排(pai)煙(yan)與(yu)機(ji)械(xie)加壓(ya)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)兩種方(fang)式(shi)。在GB 50045-95《高(gao)層(ceng)民(min)(min)用(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(以下簡稱《高(gao)規(gui)》)中(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)定: 高(gao)層(ceng)住宅等疏散樓梯(ti)間及(ji)前室采(cai)用(yong)自(zi)然排(pai)煙(yan)防(fang)(fang)煙(yan),煙(yan)氣(qi)被允許(xu)(xu)進(jin)(jin)入安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)護區。但是(shi),從安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)角(jiao)度分析,利用(yong)自(zi)然排(pai)煙(yan)方(fang)式(shi),其排(pai)煙(yan)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)排(pai)煙(yan)速度都(dou)不能滿足高(gao)層(ceng)民(min)(min)用(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)要求(qiu),因此(ci),在條(tiao)件允許(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)情況下盡量(liang)(liang)避免使用(yong)自(zi)然排(pai)煙(yan)方(fang)式(shi)。機(ji)械(xie)加壓(ya)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)是(shi)當(dang)(dang)前民(min)(min)用(yong)高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)。在機(ji)械(xie)加壓(ya)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),要從三個(ge)方(fang)面強化(hua)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)性(xing)。第一,提高(gao)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算的(de)(de)精確度。送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)機(ji)械(xie)加壓(ya)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)系統安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵,實際中(zhong)(zhong),由于(yu)工(gong)作條(tiao)件的(de)(de)限(xian)制送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)往往被簡化(hua),從而導致送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)不夠(gou)精確。在實際的(de)(de)工(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong),應(ying)當(dang)(dang)建(jian)立健全(quan)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)模型煙(yan)塵控制區,從整(zheng)體的(de)(de)角(jiao)度確定送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang),從而提高(gao)系統的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)。第二,風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)范(fan)(fan)圍匹配。實際中(zhong)(zhong),設(she)置防(fang)(fang)火(huo)門(men)或空(kong)氣(qi)泄(xie)漏數量(liang)(liang)對送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)會產生顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)影響(xiang),同時(shi),空(kong)間內的(de)(de)洞(dong)口越多(duo),面積(ji)(ji)越大(da),加壓(ya)空(kong)間的(de)(de)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)也越大(da),加壓(ya)面積(ji)(ji)難以保(bao)證正壓(ya)值(zhi),此(ci)時(shi)只能通(tong)過(guo)增大(da)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)來(lai)實現。因此(ci)在設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),要將(jiang)加壓(ya)空(kong)間與(yu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)根據實際情況進(jin)(jin)行匹配,提高(gao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)空(kong)間合理(li)化(hua)。

(2)排煙(yan)系統(tong)設計(ji)方(fang)式(shi)

建筑排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)為機(ji)械排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和自(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)兩種方(fang)式,在(zai)實際時(shi)應(ying)當根據相關規范,確定(ding)具(ju)體的排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)案。在(zai)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)系(xi)統(tong)設(she)計時(shi)要注意以下幾個問(wen)題(ti):1)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)主要靠煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的浮力,火災時(shi)消防(fang)噴(pen)淋(lin)系(xi)統(tong)影(ying)響煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)排(pai)放,條件允許時(shi)應(ying)采(cai)用機(ji)械排(pai)風(feng)。排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)窗在(zai)迎(ying)風(feng)面容(rong)易(yi)倒灌煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用弦(xian)窗或(huo)平移窗改善這(zhe)一(yi)狀(zhuang)況,將煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)排(pai)到外(wai)部(bu),這(zhe)種方(fang)式不影(ying)響建筑物外(wai)墻和采(cai)光,但成本較高(高層建筑由于熱(re)壓作用,存在(zai)壓力差,所(suo)以室內防(fang)火、防(fang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)應(ying)適當考(kao)慮,否則(ze),冬(dong)季容(rong)易(yi)出(chu)現(xian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)倒灌現(xian)象(xiang)) 。2) 發生(sheng)火災時(shi)室內溫(wen)度(du)高,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中含有(you)大量(liang)未燃燒氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧自(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)出(chu)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)能會形(xing)成火焰,導致火災蔓延。自(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)(通) 風(feng)窗口(kou)的高度(du)應(ying)比(bi)蓄煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)高度(du)更高,以保證人員(yuan)疏散(san)的安(an)全,排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)窗一(yi)般(ban)位(wei)于房間一(yi)半高度(du)上(shang)方(fang)。無論是自(zi)(zi)然(ran)或(huo)機(ji)械排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),最終為了(le)疏散(san)人群減少有(you)毒氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體的侵害,當煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)度(du)超過 280℃,結束排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)系(xi)統(tong)工(gong)作,避免加劇火災強度(du)。

(二)防排煙系統(tong)的(de)具體設計

防(fang)排(pai)煙系統的設計過程中,要從(cong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的基本(ben)特點出發,在(zai)提高安全(quan)性能的同(tong)時,盡(jin)量節省空間和時間成本(ben)。在(zai) GB 50016 -2006《建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設計防(fang)火規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》( 以(yi)下簡稱《建(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)》) 和《高規(gui)(gui)》給出了(le)具體的防(fang)排(pai)煙系統設計方(fang)(fang)案,并從(cong)很(hen)多細節方(fang)(fang)面進行了(le)具體規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。具體內容包括(kuo)以(yi)下幾個方(fang)(fang)面:

 (1) 采用自然(ran)排煙的(de)開(kai)(kai)窗面(mian)(mian)積應滿足以下(xia)條件:①防煙樓梯(ti)間前(qian)(qian)室(shi)、消防電梯(ti)間前(qian)(qian)室(shi)可(ke)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)外窗面(mian)(mian)積大于(yu)2 m2,合用前(qian)(qian)室(shi)大于(yu)3 m2; ②靠外墻(qiang)的(de)防煙樓梯(ti)間每五(wu)層內(nei)可(ke)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)外窗面(mian)(mian)積大于(yu)2 m2; ③ 長(chang)度(du)不超過60m的(de)內(nei)走道可(ke)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)外窗面(mian)(mian)積大于(yu)走道面(mian)(mian)積的(de)2% ;④需要排煙的(de)房間可(ke)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)外窗面(mian)(mian)積不應小于(yu)該房間面(mian)(mian)積的(de)2%。

(2) 設置機械排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)設施的部(bu)位(wei)(wei),其(qi)(qi)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)風機風量應(ying)符合(he)下(xia)列要求: ①擔(dan)負(fu)一個(ge)防(fang)煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)或凈空高度(du)大(da)于(yu)6 m的不(bu)(bu)劃防(fang)煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)的房間時(shi),應(ying)按(an)面積不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu) 60 m3/ ( h?m2) 計(ji)算(suan); ② 負(fu)擔(dan)兩(liang)個(ge)或兩(liang)個(ge)以上(shang)防(fang)煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)時(shi),應(ying)按(an)最大(da)防(fang)煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)面積不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)120m3/( h?m2) 計(ji)算(suan); ③帶裙(qun)房的高層建筑防(fang)煙(yan)(yan)樓梯及前室(shi),消防(fang)電梯前室(shi)或合(he)用前室(shi),當(dang)裙(qun)房以上(shang)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)利用可開啟(qi)外窗進(jin)行(xing)自然排(pai)煙(yan)(yan),其(qi)(qi)前室(shi)或合(he)用前室(shi)應(ying)設置局部(bu)機械排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)設施,排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)量按(an)前室(shi)不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)60 m3/ ( h?m2)計(ji)算(suan)。排(pai)氣口應(ying)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)頂(ding)(ding)棚上(shang)或靠近頂(ding)(ding)棚的墻壁上(shang)。

(3)位于(yu)頂棚上的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣口距(ju)離易燃或可燃成(cheng)分應(ying)不(bu)小于(yu)1m。通常排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣口應(ying)關閉,并有手(shou)動(dong)和自動(dong)開啟裝(zhuang)置。排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙區內的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙口離最遠點的(de)水平(ping)距(ju)離不(bu)應(ying)超(chao)過 30 m。

(4)當(dang)煙氣溫度超(chao)過 80℃,需要在排煙支管(guan)上設(she)有自(zi)(zi)行(xing)關閉(bi)的排煙防火(huo)閥(fa)。排煙風機(ji)(ji)可(ke)采用離心式風機(ji)(ji)或排煙軸流(liu)風機(ji)(ji),且(qie)保證在280℃時能連續工作30 min,并應在入(ru)口處設(she)有可(ke)自(zi)(zi)動停機(ji)(ji)的排煙防火(huo)閥(fa)。排氣管(guan)必須采用不可(ke)燃材料。

(5)安裝在吊(diao)頂內的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙管,應采用不可(ke)燃材料,并與可(ke)燃物間的(de)距離(li)大(da)于(yu)150 mm。設(she)(she)置(zhi)機械排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙的(de)地下室,還應設(she)(she)置(zhi)送風(feng)系統,并且送風(feng)量不小于(yu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙量的(de)50%。總之,只有自然排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙和機械排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙合(he)理組(zu)合(he)才(cai)能達到滿意的(de)防排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙效果。

(三)排煙系統的水力計算(suan)

關于排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)風(feng)管(guan)的水(shui)力(li)計算(suan),現行規范、技術措施(shi)并無明確做法,只規定了(le)排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)管(guan)道、排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)口的風(feng)速,管(guan)路的水(shui)力(li)計算(suan)通常是按照每(mei)個防煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)量和風(feng)速根據管(guan)長計算(suan)得(de)出的。對(dui)于負(fu)擔兩個或幾個面積差異較大(da)的防煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)的排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)系(xi)統,火災時(shi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)風(feng)機開啟,同時(shi)先開啟的只是一個防煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)的排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)口,排(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)量通常會(hui)偏大(da),補風(feng)量卻(que)不會(hui)增加,房間內可能會(hui)造成較大(da)的負(fu)壓值。

建(jian)議在劃分(fen)防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)時,對(dui)于(yu)同(tong)(tong)一個排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)系統的(de)各防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)相對(dui)于(yu)最(zui)大防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)的(de)面積比(bi)有(you)限制(zhi),或者在消防(fang)(fang)控制(zhi)上有(you)變化。如火警時必須同(tong)(tong)時開啟著火的(de)防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)和相鄰防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)的(de)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)口,以保(bao)證排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)風機和排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)口風量不要(yao)相差太懸殊,使管路(lu)的(de)阻力特性、排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)量更接近(jin)設計工況。

在設計排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)系統(tong)(tong)時,應根據(ju)最(zui)終選定排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)參數,核算(suan)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)系統(tong)(tong)最(zui)不利處防煙(yan)(yan)(yan)分區排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)口排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)量,特(te)別是當(dang)最(zui)大防煙(yan)(yan)(yan)分區設置在最(zui)遠端,或排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)系統(tong)(tong)全(quan)開時各防煙(yan)(yan)(yan)分區排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)量之和(he)仍小于(yu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)量時。能(neng)否(fou)采(cai)用排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)量作為計算(suan)主管道管徑的依(yi)據(ju),筆者認為應使排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)的排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)量參與到(dao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)管道系統(tong)(tong)的設計計算(suan)中,否(fou)則,選擇多少(shao)風(feng)量或多大壓頭的排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)風(feng)機(ji)(ji),對(dui)于(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)系統(tong)(tong)的阻力特(te)性缺乏依(yi)據(ju)和(he)意義。

(四(si))封閉區域的排煙補(bu)風(feng)

地(di)上建(jian)筑中,一條(tiao)長度超過20m的(de)(de)內走(zou)道設置(zhi)了機械排(pai)煙(yan)、補風(feng)系(xi)統,相鄰走(zou)道的(de)(de)房間(jian)采(cai)用(yong)外(wai)窗(chuang)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)煙(yan),當內走(zou)道排(pai)煙(yan)系(xi)統開啟時(shi),雖然(ran)已在內走(zou)道設置(zhi)了50%排(pai)煙(yan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)補風(feng)量(liang)(liang),根據(ju)風(feng)量(liang)(liang)平衡計算(suan),內走(zou)道負壓,自(zi)(zi)然(ran)會(hui)從相鄰的(de)(de)房間(jian)補風(feng),這時(shi)房間(jian)外(wai)窗(chuang)可能(neng)(neng)就不是排(pai)煙(yan)而是進風(feng)。因此,自(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)煙(yan)效(xiao)果可能(neng)(neng)會(hui)受到影響。對(dui)于地(di)上排(pai)煙(yan)系(xi)統的(de)(de)補風(feng)應該(gai)比地(di)下部分更為全面地(di)考慮(lv),因為地(di)下層通常沒有自(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)煙(yan)的(de)(de)區域(yu)。

3、疏(shu)散出口與(yu)安全出口

對(dui)于疏(shu)散(san)出口(kou),如將會議(yi)室(shi)、教(jiao)室(shi)、餐廳等排煙(yan)口(kou)設置(zhi)在(zai)疏(shu)散(san)門上方(fang)(fang),非常情況下較(jiao)多人員(yuan)擁在(zai)門口(kou)等待疏(shu)散(san),高溫(wen)煙(yan)氣、視線不(bu)清都(dou)可能(neng)造成人員(yuan)傷害和慌亂,所以將排煙(yan)口(kou)盡可能(neng)的遠離(li)疏(shu)散(san)門,使人員(yuan)疏(shu)散(san)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)和煙(yan)氣方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)遠離(li)甚(shen)至相(xiang)反,對(dui)人員(yuan)疏(shu)散(san)更為有(you)(you)利。在(zai)這個意義上,安全(quan)出口(kou)的定義有(you)(you)待探(tan)討。

(五)防煙(yan)系統送風(feng)量的分析

在很多工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)調試(shi)(shi)運行(xing)(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師根據國家規范選出的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)送(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)往(wang)往(wang)偏大(da)(da),設置(zhi)旁(pang)通管(guan)(guan)、余(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)閥(fa)旁(pang)通掉大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang),或(huo)者(zhe)采(cai)用封(feng)堵(du)部(bu)(bu)分加(jia)(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)送(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou),增加(jia)(jia)(jia)阻力的(de)(de)辦法(fa),保(bao)證防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)和前室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力值。選用大(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機必(bi)然(ran)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)初投資,大(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)同(tong)樣會帶(dai)來增加(jia)(jia)(jia)豎井、進(jin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)百(bai)葉(xie)面積,大(da)(da)管(guan)(guan)徑風(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)布置(zhi)困(kun)(kun)難(nan)的(de)(de)問題(ti)。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)調試(shi)(shi)驗收(shou)時(shi),防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)、前室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力值測試(shi)(shi)中(zhong),如(ru)(ru)果(guo)關(guan)門測試(shi)(shi),可(ke)根據壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)反(fan)算,按(an)照防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)送(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)12000m3/h,可(ke)得(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差16905Pa,遠大(da)(da)于可(ke)能(neng)(neng)造成開(kai)(kai)門困(kun)(kun)難(nan)的(de)(de)100Pa,這就是說在大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)都要加(jia)(jia)(jia)旁(pang)通管(guan)(guan)、余(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)閥(fa),或(huo)者(zhe)必(bi)須封(feng)堵(du)送(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou),才能(neng)(neng)達到規范要求(qiu)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力值。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)開(kai)(kai)門測試(shi)(shi),同(tong)樣利用上(shang)述壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差法(fa)公式(shi),可(ke)算得(de)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差為2.4Pa,遠遠達不到規范要求(qiu)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力值。上(shang)述案(an)例(li)為合(he)(he)用前室(shi)(shi),如(ru)(ru)果(guo)是前室(shi)(shi),只對防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)送(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)情況,規范要求(qiu)的(de)(de)送(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)高達25000~30000m3/h,應在防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)與前室(shi)(shi)以及前室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)火墻上(shang)設置(zhi)余(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)閥(fa),來保(bao)證防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)(yan)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)、前室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力值。需要找到這樣一(yi)個(ge)平衡的(de)(de)送(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang),關(guan)門送(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下,不會超壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)多,不至于開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)疏散門困(kun)(kun)難(nan);在人員疏散短時(shi)間(jian)連(lian)續開(kai)(kai)門的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下,保(bao)證樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)、前室(shi)(shi)內正壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)環境,煙(yan)(yan)氣不至擴散入內。設置(zhi)旁(pang)通管(guan)(guan)、余(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)閥(fa)等(deng)防(fang)(fang)止超壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)措施不能(neng)(neng)解(jie)決過(guo)大(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)豎井、進(jin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)百(bai)葉(xie)面積增大(da)(da)、大(da)(da)管(guan)(guan)徑風(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)布置(zhi)困(kun)(kun)難(nan)等(deng)問題(ti)。是否可(ke)通過(guo)消防(fang)(fang)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)測試(shi)(shi)得(de)到合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)送(song)(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang),還有(you)待探討(tao)。

(六)優(you)化防排(pai)煙(yan)設計方案

在初步設計(ji)(ji)時(shi),消防機構(gou)應當與建(jian)設單位進行(xing)良好的(de)(de)溝通,嚴(yan)(yan)格按照規(gui)范(fan)進行(xing)審核(he)。而對于一些平(ping)面(mian)布(bu)局調整(zheng)、使用(yong)性質改變的(de)(de)防排煙設計(ji)(ji),要(yao)根據布(bu)局和使用(yong)性質以(yi)及(ji)施工可行(xing)性確(que)定設計(ji)(ji)方案。總之,在前(qian)期的(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)審核(he)過程中,要(yao)本著(zhu)嚴(yan)(yan)格按照規(gui)范(fan)要(yao)求設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)原則,同時(shi)兼顧施工工藝難易(yi)程度等(deng)因素(su),盡可能優化設計(ji)(ji)方案。

二、加強建筑消防監督管理應采取的對策

(一)在消防(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)中,建(jian)(jian)立(li)起一個科學合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)咨詢制(zhi)度,成立(li)專門的(de)(de)(de)用于(yu)為消防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問題提供相(xiang)關(guan)咨詢和(he)(he)服務的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣不僅能(neng)夠更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)地(di)保證建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作能(neng)夠切實有效的(de)(de)(de)進行,而且這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)展趨勢也(ye)(ye)是社會主義市場(chang)經濟在新時(shi)期不斷發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)。消防(fang)(fang)(fang)部門在建(jian)(jian)筑消防(fang)(fang)(fang)管理(li)(li)工(gong)作當中一定要(yao)以(yi)身作則,做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)職能(neng)上的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變,加強(qiang)建(jian)(jian)筑消防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督和(he)(he)管理(li)(li)力度,中間(jian)機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)接入能(neng)夠大大減(jian)少公(gong)安(an)部門的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作量,有更(geng)(geng)(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)和(he)(he)精力去(qu)做(zuo)一些(xie)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作內容,有利(li)于(yu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)地(di)發(fa)(fa)揮其職能(neng),加強(qiang)其他途徑的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)和(he)(he)監(jian)督,這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)不僅能(neng)夠更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)地(di)提高建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)和(he)(he)監(jian)督所發(fa)(fa)揮的(de)(de)(de)作用,也(ye)(ye)能(neng)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)地(di)完善(shan)消防(fang)(fang)(fang)管理(li)(li)監(jian)督體(ti)系,有利(li)于(yu)不同(tong)部門的(de)(de)(de)協作和(he)(he)配合,能(neng)夠防(fang)(fang)(fang)止重(zhong)復建(jian)(jian)設(she)或者是權責機(ji)制(zhi)不明確現象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生。

(二)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計(ji)自主審核制度。設(she)計(ji)單(dan)位(wei)作為建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)技(ji)術規范的執(zhi)行(xing)者,應依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計(ji)質量負責(ze)。落實(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)責(ze)任,要依(yi)(yi)靠法(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)規,通過多種(zhong)形式的質量管(guan)(guan)理手段,在設(she)計(ji)單(dan)位(wei)實(shi)行(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計(ji)自主審核制度,各項(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計(ji)圖紙均應先(xian)由(you)(you)設(she)計(ji)單(dan)位(wei)內部(bu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計(ji)管(guan)(guan)理組(zu)織自行(xing)審核合(he)格后方(fang)可送交公安(an)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機構審核或(huo)登記備案。同時,可以充分(fen)依(yi)(yi)托(tuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)行(xing)政主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門,由(you)(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)行(xing)政主管(guan)(guan)單(dan)位(wei)將(jiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計(ji)轉(zhuan)送公安(an)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)機構,征求意見后再集中發文至建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位(wei)。

(三(san))加強(qiang)對專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)培訓(xun)。不(bu)斷(duan)加強(qiang)對專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)培訓(xun)與教育,通過(guo)培訓(xun),深入學習領會(hui)消(xiao)防(fang)技(ji)術(shu)規范條文,交流消(xiao)防(fang)新科技(ji)、新技(ji)術(shu),從而(er)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)提高(gao)(gao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)業(ye)(ye)務技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平,強(qiang)化專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi),提高(gao)(gao)消(xiao)防(fang)監(jian)督管理水(shui)平,并認真落實(shi)崗(gang)位資(zi)格制(zhi)度,進一步縮小各(ge)級公安消(xiao)防(fang)機構之間存在(zai)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)斷(duan)層,全(quan)面(mian)(mian)加強(qiang)公安消(xiao)防(fang)機構的(de)整體專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平。督促專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao)(gao)自己(ji)的(de)綜合素(su)質(zhi)(zhi),全(quan)面(mian)(mian)提高(gao)(gao)工(gong)作質(zhi)(zhi)量。

(四)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)發揮消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)服務(wu)(wu)組織(zhi)的(de)作(zuo)用。積(ji)(ji)極(ji)培育和(he)大力發展(zhan)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)服務(wu)(wu)組織(zhi),讓中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)服務(wu)(wu)組織(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)擔一些消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)監督具(ju)體(ti)(ti)技術(shu)(shu)工作(zuo),實行(xing)有(you)償服務(wu)(wu),是(shi)市(shi)場經(jing)(jing)濟條件下(xia)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)社會化發展(zhan)的(de)必(bi)然(ran)趨勢和(he)要求(qiu)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)在公安消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)機構人員少工作(zuo)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)重的(de)情況下(xia),在建筑工程消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)計審核領域建立和(he)推行(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)服務(wu)(wu)制度非常必(bi)要,將消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)計圖紙審核、建筑消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)施(shi)檢測等具(ju)體(ti)(ti)技術(shu)(shu)性工作(zuo)交由中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)服務(wu)(wu)組織(zhi)去做,中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)服務(wu)(wu)組織(zhi)實行(xing)有(you)償服務(wu)(wu),守法經(jing)(jing)營(ying)并承(cheng)(cheng)擔法律(lv)責任(ren)。

(五)充(chong)分發揮(hui)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)業的(de)(de)作用。在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)設(she)計初期就(jiu)引入(ru)保(bao)(bao)險(xian),利(li)用行政(zheng)手(shou)段與(yu)經濟手(shou)段雙管齊下,使保(bao)(bao)險(xian)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)消(xiao)防監(jian)督(du)管理互幫(bang)互利(li),緊密地結(jie)合。一項建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng),其(qi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計是否(fou)合乎消(xiao)防安全(quan)的(de)(de)要求、消(xiao)防設(she)施(shi)是否(fou)齊備,整體的(de)(de)消(xiao)防安全(quan)布(bu)置是否(fou)合理,直(zhi)接關系保(bao)(bao)險(xian)費率的(de)(de)高低。消(xiao)防安全(quan)條件(jian)差,保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司(si)認為風險(xian)大(da),可(ke)以不接受其(qi)投保(bao)(bao)。

結語

綜上所述,進(jin)行建筑(zhu)工程消防設計審核時,要對(dui)出(chu)現的(de)問題進(jin)行及(ji)時的(de)改正,這樣也(ye)是能夠更好的(de)促進(jin)建筑(zhu)行業發(fa)展的(de),對(dui)保(bao)證(zheng)社(she)會穩定發(fa)展意義也(ye)是非(fei)常重(zhong)大(da)。

參考文獻:

[1]張(zhang)德耿.綜述我國(guo)建設工程消防監督管理制度[J].中(zhong)華民(min)居(下旬刊),2014,03:188-189.

篇3

【關鍵詞】消防設計審核(he);建筑(zhu)工程;標準(zhun);消火栓

Discussion on fire engineering design audit

Zhao Yong-lin

(Golmud City in Qinghai Province Public Security Fire Corps Detachment Germu Qinghai 810007)

【Abstract】Over time, the rapid development of China's economy, China's construction industry has also been flying fast development. In recent years, China's construction fire safety design has been widespread concern, however, fire engineering design are still many problems, this paper analyzes the significance of fire engineering design review, followed by an audit of the fire engineering design content and standards a brief discussion, the last of the fire engineering design review process to discuss issues related to the hope that this design can avoid similar problems in future work.

【Key words】Fire safety design;Construction;Standards;Hydrant

隨(sui)著(zhu)時間的(de)(de)推(tui)移,我國經濟(ji)得到了飛迅的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展,經濟(ji)也帶(dai)動了我國很(hen)多行業的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展,例如建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業就發(fa)(fa)生了巨大的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua),而在經濟(ji)飛迅發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)今天,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)消防設(she)(she)計也備(bei)受關注。目前,我國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)結構以及形(xing)態發(fa)(fa)生了巨大的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua),如果建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中出(chu)現問題(ti)(ti),那(nei)么(me)后果不(bu)堪(kan)設(she)(she)想,所(suo)以,為了保(bao)證建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)安全,對(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)消防設(she)(she)計審核中存(cun)在的(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)提出(chu)解決措施,只(zhi)有這樣才能(neng)保(bao)證建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業的(de)(de)可(ke)持續發(fa)(fa)展。

1. 建(jian)筑工程消防設計(ji)審核的(de)意義

建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)審(shen)核(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)按照國家工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準來進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙以(yi)及相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)核(he)(he)。一直以(yi)來,消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安全問題都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)人們(men)關(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)對人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命和財(cai)產安全都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)有很(hen)大影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)能(neng)夠(gou)避免出現火災(zai)事(shi)故,因此,也是(shi)(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)措施,相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部門在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)審(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候一定要(yao)(yao)嚴格按照相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求來進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)對消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)正,這(zhe)樣(yang)才能(neng)更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證(zheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全。在(zai)對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,對審(shen)核(he)(he)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)也提出了非常高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求,這(zhe)樣(yang)在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候才能(neng)更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證(zheng)審(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確性(xing)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)審(shen)核(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)監督工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成部分,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)也是(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)止出現工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)火災(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)保(bao)障,因此,要(yao)(yao)想更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證(zheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全,一定要(yao)(yao)提高工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驗收效(xiao)率,這(zhe)樣(yang)才能(neng)更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證(zheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)審(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。

2. 建筑工程消防設計審(shen)核的內(nei)容與標(biao)準

在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)消防(fang)(fang)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)要(yao)對(dui)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)范以及(ji)規(gui)定(ding)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)熟悉,這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)更(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也能(neng)(neng)(neng)避(bi)免出現(xian)(xian)任何的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)消防(fang)(fang)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)為(wei)了防(fang)(fang)患于未然,這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)對(dui)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)(fang)問題(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)解(jie)決。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),通常(chang)(chang)也是(shi)分為(wei)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),因此,在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)也是(shi)有不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),通常(chang)(chang)包(bao)含著新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、改建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以及(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部裝修變更(geng)(geng)。在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度對(dui)整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效益(yi)是(shi)有很大影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),因此,早(zao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也是(shi)保(bao)證施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業獲(huo)得更(geng)(geng)多經濟效益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)措施(shi)。通常(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)消防(fang)(fang)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)對(dui)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間是(shi)有具體要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)更(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)保(bao)證,因此,相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)人員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),一定(ding)要(yao)具備良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技能(neng)(neng)(neng),這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)更(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證其審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)質量(liang)。對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)消防(fang)(fang)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),也是(shi)要(yao)準備很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)更(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)順利進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)包(bao)含著審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)申(shen)請表(biao),還有建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖紙,這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)更(geng)(geng)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)發現(xian)(xian)。

3. 處于(yu)建筑工程消防設計審核過程中(zhong)的相關問題

(1)在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)防設(she)計的時候(hou),如(ru)果存在(zai)著對審(shen)(shen)核的相(xiang)關規定不(bu)熟(shu)悉(xi)的情(qing)況是會(hui)導(dao)致在(zai)審(shen)(shen)核過(guo)(guo)程中出(chu)現很(hen)多的問(wen)題的,同時,也是會(hui)導(dao)致出(chu)現漏(lou)審(shen)(shen)和(he)錯(cuo)審(shen)(shen)的問(wen)題的,在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)審(shen)(shen)核的時候(hou)也是有很(hen)多的問(wen)題要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)重視的,這樣能夠更好(hao)的保證在(zai)審(shen)(shen)核過(guo)(guo)程中不(bu)出(chu)現問(wen)題。

(2)在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong),如果屋(wu)頂是(shi)有(you)(you)送(song)風機(ji)(ji)和排煙機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)風口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)是(shi)非常正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),同時(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)根據相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)火規范對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)解決。在(zai)(zai)(zai)很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,基本規范中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)一些(xie)比較具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)面是(shi)沒有(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),因此,在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou),相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)可(ke)(ke)以根據自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)來進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)核(he)(he)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)風機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)口位(wei)置(zhi)是(shi)有(you)(you)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),要(yao)(yao)將排煙機(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂層(ceng)位(wei)置(zhi),而送(song)風機(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底層(ceng)或者是(shi)中(zhong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi),這樣(yang)(yang)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)避免出(chu)(chu)現兩(liang)(liang)者之間相互影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況,同時(shi)(shi),兩(liang)(liang)者之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離也是(shi)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)保證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這樣(yang)(yang)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保證(zheng)風機(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用過程(cheng)中(zhong)不出(chu)(chu)現問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou),要(yao)(yao)根據其(qi)(qi)使用功能(neng)安(an)裝必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排煙設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi),而在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)通常對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)預留是(shi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),在(zai)(zai)(zai)這種(zhong)情況下,在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)及時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改正,這樣(yang)(yang)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保證(zheng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)消防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計方(fang)面達(da)到要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。審(shen)核(he)(he)人員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)提出(chu)(chu)改正意見(jian),這樣(yang)(yang)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)(fang)安(an)全進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)保證(zheng)。

(3)在(zai)GB50222-1995《建(jian)筑(zhu)內(nei)部裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修設計防火規(gui)范(fan)》中(zhong)的(de)第3.2.3規(gui)定(ding):“當單層的(de)、多層的(de)民用(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)內(nei)部裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)自(zi)動滅火系(xi)統的(de)時候,除去頂棚之外,其(qi)內(nei)部的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修材料燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)允(yun)許在(zai)表(biao)3.2.1規(gui)定(ding)的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)進(jin)行降(jiang)低(di)一級(ji)(ji);當其(qi)內(nei)部同時安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)火災(zai)自(zi)動報警(jing)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置與(yu)自(zi)動滅火系(xi)統時,其(qi)頂棚的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修材料燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)可以在(zai)表(biao)3.2.1規(gui)定(ding)的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)進(jin)行降(jiang)低(di)一級(ji)(ji),其(qi)他裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修材料的(de)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)可以不予限制”。在(zai)現(xian)實操作中(zhong),許多設計人(ren)(ren)員與(yu)施(shi)工人(ren)(ren)員并(bing)未認真閱讀有(you)(you)關規(gui)定(ding)就(jiu)開始(shi)統一進(jin)行降(jiang)低(di)其(qi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修材料的(de)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。這(zhe)些都是錯誤的(de)做法,在(zai)審核的(de)過程中(zhong)需要特別注意。

(4)建筑工程內部都有(you)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)自動預警設置(zhi),不過實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)情形是很(hen)難收(shou)到所(suo)預想的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果,一(yi)部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)預警裝置(zhi)甚至無法(fa)達到報(bao)警作用(yong)。為(wei)了(le)控制(zhi)建筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)煙系統并及時(shi)(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)消防電梯(ti),所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)探測(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)感煙性,要(yao)(yao)在一(yi)些重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地點(dian)如公共走(zou)道、樓梯(ti)、電梯(ti)等區域內安放能(neng)(neng)夠檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)到煙霧(wu)異(yi)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)探測(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)。若不這(zhe)樣安排(pai)就很(hen)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)在火(huo)災(zai)(zai)發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou),預警設施(shi)沒有(you)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)到異(yi)常現象,而(er)延誤(wu)了(le)最佳(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅火(huo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji),而(er)等到警報(bao)響起(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),火(huo)勢卻已經無法(fa)控制(zhi),這(zhe)樣火(huo)災(zai)(zai)自動報(bao)警系統就不能(neng)(neng)達到預防火(huo)災(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)。

(5)室內(nei)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)栓(shuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)規定(ding)中進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de),其(qi)應設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)走道(dao)、樓梯間附近等(deng)明顯且易于(yu)操作的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)核(he)中發現,許多(duo)(duo)設(she)(she)(she)計人員(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)太注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)栓(shuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),只是(shi)考慮(lv)到(dao)其(qi)水槍(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充實水柱能(neng)夠達到(dao)建筑(zhu)內(nei)部任何部位(wei)即(ji)可,導(dao)致(zhi)在(zai)(zai)許多(duo)(duo)建筑(zhu)內(nei)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)栓(shuan)被設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)走道(dao)盡頭、管道(dao)井內(nei)部等(deng)偏僻的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)驗收的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候發現這些位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)難(nan)找又(you)難(nan)取用(yong),為(wei)火(huo)災(zai)發生時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅火(huo)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)造成巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)便。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)栓(shuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)也分為(wei)了:明裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、暗裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、嵌入式安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)三種方式。在(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)核(he)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候要(yao)(yao)(yao)特別注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)到(dao)暗裝(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)(yu)嵌入式安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)這一(yi)說法,許多(duo)(duo)設(she)(she)(she)計人員(yuan)(yuan)通過語言(yan)文字進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)模(mo)糊描述,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)平面布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖上也這樣設(she)(she)(she)計,使得很多(duo)(duo)審(shen)(shen)核(he)人員(yuan)(yuan)忽視這一(yi)問(wen)題。在(zai)(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)網絡、條柵類通透性(xing)吊(diao)頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)場所,其(qi)自動(dong)滅火(huo)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)水強(qiang)度及(ji)噴(pen)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)引起審(shen)(shen)核(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)。在(zai)(zai)許多(duo)(duo)公共(gong)場所內(nei),由于(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao),常會安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)通透性(xing)吊(diao)頂,但是(shi)在(zai)(zai)實際設(she)(she)(she)計與(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候卻是(shi)將噴(pen)頭與(yu)(yu)吊(diao)頂進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)平齊布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),導(dao)致(zhi)火(huo)災(zai)發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)基本起不(bu)到(dao)其(qi)基本作用(yong)。

4. 結語

消(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)作是(shi)非常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),因此,在(zai)對(dui)建筑工(gong)程消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)(she)計審(shen)核的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)也(ye)是(shi)存在(zai)著一些問(wen)題(ti),對(dui)其(qi)中(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)要進行及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改正,這(zhe)樣能夠(gou)更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預防(fang)消(xiao)防(fang)事故出現。為(wei)了更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保證(zheng)消(xiao)防(fang)監督檢(jian)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果,進行建筑工(gong)程消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)(she)計審(shen)核的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)要對(dui)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)進行及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改正,這(zhe)樣也(ye)是(shi)能夠(gou)更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促進建筑行業發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),對(dui)保證(zheng)社會(hui)穩定(ding)發展意(yi)義也(ye)是(shi)非常重大。

參考文獻

[1] 林啟榮.建筑(zhu)工程消防(fang)設計審核經(jing)常忽視的問題[J].消防(fang)技術與(yu)產(chan)品信(xin)息,2009,05:8~11.

篇4

一、指導思想

以科學(xue)發(fa)展觀(guan)為指(zhi)導,按照建(jian)設“一個(ge)網絡,兩個(ge)平臺”的總體要求,廣泛深(shen)入(ru)(ru)地融(rong)入(ru)(ru)新(xin)農村建(jian)設和農民的生產生活之(zhi)中(zhong),建(jian)立起連接城(cheng)鄉的新(xin)型(xing)經營服(fu)務(wu)體系(xi),建(jian)設成(cheng)為集組織、服(fu)務(wu)、指(zhi)導農民的責任和任務(wu)于一身的新(xin)型(xing)合作經濟(ji)組織,成(cheng)為鄉鎮黨委政府推動農村經濟(ji)社會發(fa)展的得力助手(shou),成(cheng)為培植供銷社核(he)心競爭力的最重要因素。

二、規劃及措施

從(cong)20__年-20__年,利用三年時間,遵(zun)循供銷社在新時期的定位,進(jin)一步完善(shan)經營(ying)服務(wu)體系(xi),具體任務(wu)與(yu)措施如下(xia):

1、建(jian)立蘆坊(fang)村社(she)(she)區服(fu)務中(zhong)心。蘆坊(fang)村位于(yu)縣城西南(nan)兩公里處(chu),位于(yu)孫大(da)漢、范莊、馮家、邱家、西曹、鄒莊、劉(liu)彥(yan)龍等7個村莊中(zhong)心,輻射(she)人(ren)口近萬人(ren)。該村經濟基礎殷實,村容村貌美觀,各項工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)全縣名(ming)列前茅。我們現已和(he)該村聯合建(jian)立起了社(she)(she)區服(fu)務中(zhong)心。計劃于(yu)20__年再投資(zi)90萬元,建(jian)設一處(chu)大(da)型日(ri)用消費品超市和(he)農資(zi)超市。與衛生(sheng)室(shi)、圖書室(shi)、文體(ti)活動中(zhong)心、幼兒園等配套。

2、建立(li)綠(lv)豐蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)專業合(he)(he)作社(she)。陵城鎮(zhen)是蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)生產大(da)鎮(zhen)。南李村新建起了(le)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)批發(fa)市(shi)場,輻(fu)射周邊20多個村莊。城關供銷社(she)成立(li)綠(lv)豐蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)專業合(he)(he)作社(she),對菜(cai)(cai)農(nong)從(cong)良種、農(nong)資、技術、銷售實(shi)行全程服務,積極(ji)推薦辦理(li)小額農(nong)戶擔保循(xun)環貸(dai)款,大(da)力發(fa)展精細蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)、無公害(hai)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)生產,增(zeng)加農(nong)民收入,提升供銷社(she)形象(xiang),實(shi)現富民興(xing)社(she)。

3、按照建設(she)“一個網絡(luo),兩個平臺”的總體要求,在(zai)08年基(ji)礎(chu)上擴大農村(cun)超(chao)市(shi)的占有(you)率(lv),力爭每個村(cun)莊都有(you)供銷(xiao)社(she)的農家店,統一標識,在(zai)貨源(yuan)、管理(li)、政策、信息提供指(zhi)導(dao)和服務,成為農民(min)信得過(guo)的購物場所。

4、城關供銷社金昌(chang)農(nong)資超(chao)市營業面(mian)積200平方米,倉(cang)庫400平方米,近年來成(cheng)為全鎮農(nong)資村(cun)級(ji)連鎖店(dian)的龍頭,09年繼(ji)續以其為依托,擴大村(cun)級(ji)連鎖店(dian)的數量,爭取(qu)達到154處,年銷售各種化肥(fei)10000噸(dun)。

5、大力招商引資,開門辦社(she),興辦項目(mu),千方百計(ji)盤活閑置房屋(wu)場地(di),在鞏固原有項目(mu)的基礎上每年新增3-5個(ge)經營、生(sheng)產項目(mu),增加(jia)供(gong)銷社(she)收入。

6、加(jia)強自身(shen)建設。深(shen)化(hua)供(gong)銷社改(gai)革,按照(zhao)發展“一個(ge)網(wang)絡,兩個(ge)平臺”的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),建立起新的(de)經(jing)營服務體系和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)機(ji)制,以(yi)新的(de)組織形式承(cheng)擔起區域內的(de)服務功(gong)能。加(jia)強領導不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)領導班(ban)子的(de)政治素質和(he)(he)(he)經(jing)營管(guan)理(li)能力(li)。加(jia)強職(zhi)工教育,提(ti)高(gao)職(zhi)工素質,做好(hao)(hao)關系職(zhi)工切(qie)身(shen)利益的(de)現實問(wen)題(ti),增(zeng)強企業的(de)向心力(li)和(he)(he)(he)凝聚力(li)。積極協調處(chu)理(li)好(hao)(hao)與黨委政府、有關部(bu)門、經(jing)濟組織的(de)關系,為供(gong)銷社的(de)改(gai)革發展創造一個(ge)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)外部(bu)環境。

篇5

要】港區(qu)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)消(xiao)防(fang)給水關系著施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)。本(ben)文對其現(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)消(xiao)防(fang)給水中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)(de)問題進行(xing)了簡要的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析,并結(jie)合(he)2011年(nian)6月6日的(de)(de)(de)《建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)消(xiao)防(fang)安全(quan)(quan)技術規范》這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一國家標準(zhun)對如何做(zuo)好(hao)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)進行(xing)了探討,旨在為這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方面的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)起(qi)到一定(ding)指導(dao)作(zuo)用。

【關鍵詞】港區建(jian)設;施工;消(xiao)防給(gei)水

1、引言

伴(ban)隨(sui)著我國經濟(ji)的(de)快速發展,港口(kou)所面臨的(de)任務越來越重,很多(duo)港口(kou)企業(ye)為了提升自(zi)身的(de)競(jing)爭力都在進行港口(kou)的(de)擴建。在港區建設(she)(she)工程中,施(shi)(shi)工現場消(xiao)防給(gei)水是保(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工安全的(de)一個重要環節,但(dan)是由(you)于(yu)當前一些問題的(de)存在,使得很多(duo)措施(shi)(shi)并沒(mei)有落實到位。基(ji)于(yu)此(ci),本文(wen)關于(yu)港區建設(she)(she)工程施(shi)(shi)工現場消(xiao)防給(gei)水的(de)探討有著重要的(de)意義。

2、當前港區建(jian)設工程施工現場消(xiao)防給(gei)水中存(cun)在的問題(ti)

在港(gang)區建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場中(zhong)(zhong),當(dang)前普遍存在一些安全(quan)(quan)隱患。較(jiao)為常(chang)見的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you):首先,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)為了降低成本(ben),使(shi)(shi)用一些易(yi)燃(ran)的(de)(de)材(cai)料進行(xing)(xing)宿(su)舍的(de)(de)搭(da)建(jian),這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)使(shi)(shi)得施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)初就(jiu)留下了火災隱患;其次,由于管理(li)(li)者管理(li)(li)意(yi)識及管理(li)(li)手(shou)段的(de)(de)落后,使(shi)(shi)得很(hen)多施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)意(yi)識,比(bi)如很(hen)多施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員在宿(su)舍中(zhong)(zhong)隨意(yi)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用一些大(da)功率器(qi)(qi)具;第三,在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場,消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)較(jiao)為缺(que)乏(fa)(fa),甚至(zhi)某些施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)根本(ben)就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)進行(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)備(bei),另外,還有(you)(you)(you)(you)一些隊(dui)伍(wu)雖然配(pei)(pei)備(bei)了消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)器(qi)(qi)材(cai),但往往質(zhi)量和數(shu)量距離我(wo)們的(de)(de)要(yao)求都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)差距;第四(si),施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)在火災應(ying)急預案方面(mian)的(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei)非常(chang)不(bu)足(zu),在《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)和國消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)法》以及《機關(guan)、團(tuan)體、企(qi)業、事業單(dan)位(wei)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)規定》中(zhong)(zhong)對這(zhe)(zhe)方面(mian)雖然都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)明確的(de)(de)規定,但是(shi)大(da)多數(shu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)對其確并不(bu)重(zhong)視;最后,很(hen)多施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)由于整(zheng)體的(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)較(jiao)差,缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)一個有(you)(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)機制,加之(zhi)(zhi)當(dang)前港(gang)區擴(kuo)建(jian)的(de)(de)需求較(jiao)大(da),使(shi)(shi)得很(hen)多施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)更不(bu)注重(zhong)這(zhe)(zhe)方面(mian)的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)。

整(zheng)體來說,在港區建設工程(cheng)施(shi)工現場(chang)中,消防給水(shui)隱患(huan)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)多的(de),而(er)鑒于(yu)消防給水(shui)工作(zuo)的(de)特殊性,使得我們的(de)施(shi)工過程(cheng)往(wang)往(wang)出現一些(xie)安全(quan)(quan)事故,而(er)且(qie)這些(xie)安全(quan)(quan)事故一旦(dan)發生,后果都比(bi)較(jiao)嚴(yan)重。

3、港區(qu)建設(she)工(gong)程施工(gong)現場消防給水標準

港區(qu)建設工(gong)程具(ju)有復雜性的(de)(de)(de)特點,要想做(zuo)好施工(gong)現場(chang)消(xiao)防給水方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo),需要有一(yi)個全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)、客(ke)觀的(de)(de)(de)、指(zhi)導性強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)制度保障。11年6月6日的(de)(de)(de)《建設工(gong)程施工(gong)現場(chang)消(xiao)防安(an)全(quan)技術(shu)規范》提供了很多消(xiao)防給水標(biao)準(zhun),對(dui)于這方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)具(ju)有很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)實踐指(zhi)導意義(yi)。以下將結(jie)合(he)這一(yi)國(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)如何做(zuo)好這一(yi)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)細節進行(xing)分析。

3.1臨時(shi)(shi)(shi)消防給水系統(tong)的(de)設(she)置。在本標(biao)準中規定了在臨時(shi)(shi)(shi)用房建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積不(bu)小于(yu)1000m2的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou),或者建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)單(dan)體體積不(bu)下于(yu)1000m3的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou),要進(jin)行(xing)臨時(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)外消防積水系統(tong)的(de)設(she)置。針對這一(yi)點,由于(yu)港區建(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)面積往往會(hui)比較大(da),也就(jiu)是說針對大(da)部分建(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng),我們(men)都應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)臨時(shi)(shi)(shi)消防給水系統(tong)的(de)設(she)置,在具體的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)中,應(ying)加強這一(yi)條例的(de)貫(guan)徹(che)和(he)檢查。

3.2臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)消防(fang)用(yong)水量(liang)。《建設(she)工程施工現場消防(fang)安全技術規(gui)范》中的(de)(de)5.3.1到5.3.3中,對于臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)消防(fang)用(yong)水量(liang)的(de)(de)規(gui)定為臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)室外(wai)及室內消防(fang)用(yong)水量(liang)的(de)(de)和。另外(wai),在外(wai)部消防(fang)水源(yuan)滿足(zu)不了臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)消防(fang)水量(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,我(wo)們要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)儲水池的(de)(de)設(she)置,這一臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)儲水池還應設(she)置在方便消防(fang)車(che)進行取水的(de)(de)位置,其(qi)有(you)效(xiao)容積要(yao)(yao)(yao)大于火災延續(xu)時(shi)(shi)間內一次滅火的(de)(de)消防(fang)用(yong)水量(liang)。

3.3臨時室(shi)外消(xiao)防(fang)給(gei)水(shui)系(xi)統設(she)置。在規范的(de)5.3.7這一條例中,針對臨時室(shi)外消(xiao)防(fang)給(gei)水(shui)系(xi)統的(de)設(she)置有以下要(yao)求:給(gei)水(shui)管網應那種(zhong)環形的(de)方(fang)式進行布置,給(gei)水(shui)管的(de)管徑要(yao)大(da)(da)于DN100;室(shi)外消(xiao)防(fang)栓和再見工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、可(ke)燃物堆(dui)放場、可(ke)燃材料加工(gong)(gong)場以及臨時住房的(de)距離要(yao)大(da)(da)于5m,消(xiao)防(fang)栓之間的(de)距離要(yao)小(xiao)于120m,消(xiao)防(fang)栓的(de)最大(da)(da)保護半徑要(yao)小(xiao)于150m。

3.4臨時室內消(xiao)防(fang)給水(shui)系統(tong)。在(zai)5.3.10這一條例中,有以(yi)下(xia)規定:消(xiao)防(fang)豎管在(zai)布置過程中,我們應以(yi)便于(yu)(yu)操(cao)作作為原則(ze)選擇其位(wei)置,而(er)且數量不得低于(yu)(yu)2根。在(zai)結構(gou)封頂的(de)時候,要(yao)(yao)把消(xiao)防(fang)豎管設置為環形,消(xiao)防(fang)豎管的(de)管徑要(yao)(yao)大(da)于(yu)(yu)DN100。

另外(wai),在5.3.12這一條例中規(gui)定,對(dui)于(yu)(yu)在建的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程,臨時室內(nei)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)積水系統的(de)(de)(de)各結構層(ceng)都要(yao)進(jin)行室內(nei)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)栓(shuan)接(jie)(jie)口和消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)軟管(guan)接(jie)(jie)口的(de)(de)(de)設置(zhi)(zhi),并要(yao)求(qiu)它們(men)符合以下標準:首(shou)先(xian),這些接(jie)(jie)口設置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)應該是便于(yu)(yu)操作而且較(jiao)為明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi);其次(ci),在消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)栓(shuan)接(jie)(jie)口的(de)(de)(de)前端位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi),我們(men)要(yao)進(jin)行截止閥的(de)(de)(de)設置(zhi)(zhi);第三,多層(ceng)建筑中接(jie)(jie)口之間的(de)(de)(de)間距(ju)要(yao)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)50m,對(dui)于(yu)(yu)高層(ceng)建筑則(ze)要(yao)求(qiu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)30m。第四(si),在每一層(ceng)樓梯的(de)(de)(de)中,我們(men)要(yao)設置(zhi)(zhi)多于(yu)(yu)2套的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)水槍、軟管(guan)及水袋。

3.5其他組件。針對在建工(gong)程(cheng),室(shi)內消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)積水(shui)(shui)系統還要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)泵接合器的設(she)置。在5.3.15條中,對于積水(shui)(shui)壓力(li)也(ye)進(jin)行(xing)了明確(que)的規定:要(yao)符合消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)槍(qiang)充實(shi)水(shui)(shui)柱大于10m的標準(zhun),當不能實(shi)現這一標準(zhun)的時候(hou),則要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)栓泵的設(she)置,設(she)置消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)栓泵的數量要(yao)大于2臺,以(yi)便它們(men)互為備用。此外,這些消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)栓泵還要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)自動啟動裝置的設(she)置。

總體來說,《建設工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)消防安全技術規范》這一規范標(biao)準為港區建設工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)消防給(gei)水(shui)提(ti)供(gong)了切實可(ke)行的(de)依據。在具(ju)體的(de)工(gong)作中,我們應以其作為大綱(gang),對(dui)其進行細化,制定出(chu)更符合具(ju)體工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)特點(dian)的(de)制度和標(biao)準,使其發揮出(chu)更大的(de)作用。

4、港區(qu)建(jian)設工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)現場消防給水(shui)保障措施

在港區建(jian)設(she)工(gong)程施工(gong)現場消(xiao)防給(gei)水工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong),僅有(you)相關標準時不夠的(de),我(wo)們還要做好各(ge)方面的(de)配合工(gong)作(zuo),只有(you)這樣才能保(bao)證消(xiao)防給(gei)水工(gong)作(zuo)做到位(wei)。

4.1健全(quan)(quan)管理制(zhi)度(du),落(luo)(luo)實(shi)安全(quan)(quan)責(ze)任制(zhi)。港區建設(she)工(gong)程施工(gong)現(xian)場中,很多(duo)消防事故的發生(sheng)并不是因(yin)(yin)為(wei)管理者及(ji)施工(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)沒(mei)有這方面的認識,真正(zheng)的原因(yin)(yin)往往是對(dui)消防工(gong)作(zuo)的重視度(du)不足。因(yin)(yin)此,我們要對(dui)消防管理制(zhi)度(du)進(jin)行健全(quan)(quan),并落(luo)(luo)實(shi)好消防安全(quan)(quan)責(ze)任制(zhi),一旦出現(xian)問(wen)題確保能(neng)夠(gou)將責(ze)任落(luo)(luo)實(shi)到(dao)具體(ti)人上,這對(dui)于各種消防工(gong)作(zuo)的落(luo)(luo)實(shi)能(neng)夠(gou)起到(dao)很強的促進(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)。

4.2確保(bao)消防(fang)設施(shi)的(de)完備。港區(qu)建(jian)設工程(cheng)施(shi)工現(xian)場(chang)的(de)人員密度一(yi)般(ban)比較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),消防(fang)工作(zuo)的(de)壓力也會比較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),因此,確保(bao)消防(fang)設施(shi)的(de)完備是(shi)必(bi)然(ran)的(de)。在具(ju)體的(de)工作(zuo)中(zhong),首先(xian)要按照上文(wen)中(zhong)的(de)標準進(jin)行(xing)消防(fang)設施(shi)的(de)配置。其次(ci),要加強消防(fang)設施(shi)的(de)檢查(cha)及保(bao)養,并配有專人負責這一(yi)工作(zuo),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)針對水帶(dai)水槍以及消防(fang)器材等,要確保(bao)在火災(zai)發生的(de)時候能夠直接使(shi)用。

4.3加(jia)大監督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)力度。首先,我們要對(dui)(dui)建(jian)設單位的(de)相關手(shou)續(xu)、施工資格以(yi)及技術素質進(jin)行檢(jian)查(cha)和確認。其(qi)次,在施工現(xian)場,要對(dui)(dui)是否(fou)安(an)全用(yong)(yong)電、用(yong)(yong)火進(jin)行檢(jian)查(cha),如果發現(xian)安(an)全隱患及違章(zhang)用(yong)(yong)火等問題,要及時的(de)采取手(shou)段(duan)對(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行制止,并(bing)督(du)促整改(gai)。

5、結語

本文對港(gang)區建設(she)工(gong)程施工(gong)現場(chang)消防給水(shui)進行了一定的(de)(de)分(fen)析和探(tan)討,但是由(you)于(yu)這一工(gong)作(zuo)涉及到(dao)很多(duo)環節(jie),因此(ci)本文還要(yao)很多(duo)不足之處。基于(yu)此(ci),我們在工(gong)作(zuo)中還要(yao)時刻保(bao)持認真的(de)(de)態度,加(jia)強相關制(zhi)度的(de)(de)學習和落實,只有(you)這樣才能夠(gou)港(gang)區建設(she)工(gong)程的(de)(de)實現安全施工(gong),安全生產(chan)。

參考文獻

篇6

【關鍵詞】金融(rong)工程 實驗(yan)室 方案設計

金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)程專業學(xue)生主要學(xue)習(xi)經濟學(xue)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)學(xue)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)程和(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)管理(li)(li)(li)方面的基本(ben)理(li)(li)(li)論和(he)(he)基礎知(zhi)識,接受理(li)(li)(li)財、投(tou)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資、以及(ji)風險管理(li)(li)(li)方法與(yu)技能的基本(ben)訓練(lian),具有設計、開發綜合運用各種金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)具創造性解決金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)實務問題的基本(ben)能力,開展金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險管理(li)(li)(li)、公(gong)司理(li)(li)(li)財、投(tou)資戰略策劃以及(ji)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)產品定價(jia)研究,能在跨(kua)國公(gong)司和(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構從事金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)財務管理(li)(li)(li)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)分析(xi)和(he)(he)策劃。

一、金(jin)融工(gong)程(cheng)專業實驗室(shi)建設背景

金融工程(cheng)專業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室建設(she)是(shi)保證實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)最基本(ben)條(tiao)件,實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室建設(she)跟不上去(qu),加強實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)就無從談起。國務(wu)院《關于大力發(fa)展(zhan)職(zhi)業(ye)技術教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)決定》明確指出:“高等(deng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)要(yao)突出實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐性教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)節(jie),加強技能訓練”。學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室工作必須以此為(wei)導向,大膽探(tan)索(suo),努力實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐,創造性地(di)走出一條(tiao)結合自己學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際、適應(ying)(ying)新世(shi)紀要(yao)求、具有特色的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室建設(she)之路(lu)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan),反(fan)映了人們(men)認識的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)既以學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)總體發(fa)展(zhan)規模為(wei)依(yi)據(ju),又適應(ying)(ying)培(pei)(pei)養當(dang)前(qian)經濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)型(xing)人才的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)。不斷探(tan)索(suo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室的(de)(de)(de)建設(she),更好地(di)服務(wu)于實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue),為(wei)社會培(pei)(pei)養輸送(song)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)復合型(xing)技能人才,是(shi)高等(deng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)職(zhi)責。

二、金(jin)融工程專業實驗室建設(she)方案設(she)計基(ji)本思想(xiang)

實(shi)(shi)驗室方案的設計,主要是(shi)為(wei)了(le)高(gao)等(deng)學(xue)校金(jin)融(rong)工程(cheng)的教學(xue)需求,并在一定的數據支持的基(ji)礎上,滿足金(jin)融(rong)工程(cheng)、高(gao)級計量經濟學(xue)、數學(xue)建模、金(jin)融(rong)衍生品定價與(yu)分析、外(wai)匯市場分析與(yu)檢驗、金(jin)融(rong)工程(cheng)模型策略的構建等(deng)實(shi)(shi)驗課程(cheng)的教學(xue)需要。

在實驗室的(de)(de)軟件資(zi)源(yuan)配置上,以(yi)(yi)數理(li)金融和(he)計(ji)量經濟學分(fen)析(xi)(xi)等高(gao)端課(ke)程的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學開展為主要目(mu)標,用(yong)高(gao)度(du)仿真模擬的(de)(de)撮(cuo)合機制檢驗模型構建的(de)(de)準確性并(bing)進行回(hui)驗修正,以(yi)(yi)股指(zhi)期貨套(tao)利分(fen)析(xi)(xi)模型的(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)和(he)理(li)論課(ke)程的(de)(de)分(fen)享,把學生的(de)(de)理(li)論教(jiao)(jiao)學與實戰演練想結合,充分(fen)滿足教(jiao)(jiao)學、科研(yan)和(he)培訓(xun)拓展的(de)(de)要求

三、金融工程專業實(shi)驗(yan)室建(jian)設(she)方(fang)案設(she)計

創新(xin)金融綜合實(shi)驗室的建設以(yi)與(yu)證(zheng)券交易(yi)所的真實(shi)對接為(wei)主要的方式(shi),連接貨幣市場、外(wai)匯市場、資本市場、商品市場和衍生品市場的實(shi)時(shi)信息,在資訊(xun)信息上,滿足(zu)全球市場的實(shi)時(shi)行情(qing)(qing)展(zhan)示(shi),提(ti)供全球的對比分(fen)析及數據處(chu)理;同時(shi),利用國(guo)際(ji)知名的全球行情(qing)(qing)資訊(xun)展(zhan)示(shi)及金融分(fen)析平(ping)臺,為(wei)金融創新(xin)產(chan)品的分(fen)析提(ti)供基(ji)本的支持。

(一)金融基礎實訓

基(ji)(ji)礎實(shi)(shi)訓作(zuo)為(wei)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)教學的(de)主要任務和要求,以(yi)證(zheng)(zheng)券投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)析(xi)演(yan)練(lian)、業務實(shi)(shi)訓模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)、證(zheng)(zheng)券投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)析(xi)等模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎,通(tong)過與(yu)MINI 交(jiao)易所的(de)結合(he),嵌(qian)入高(gao)度仿真(zhen)的(de)撮合(he)交(jiao)易機制,滿足債券模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、股(gu)票模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、基(ji)(ji)金模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、權證(zheng)(zheng)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、股(gu)指期(qi)貨模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、證(zheng)(zheng)券投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)組合(he)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、股(gu)指期(qi)貨套利分(fen)析(xi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、《證(zheng)(zheng)券投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)析(xi)》、《證(zheng)(zheng)券投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)理論(lun)與(yu)實(shi)(shi)務》、《風險管理》等多項實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)課程的(de)開展。

(1)智能實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)平臺。 配合中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室的(de)規模建設和實(shi)(shi)施,為實(shi)(shi)現專業實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室的(de)科學化、系統(tong)(tong)化管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和運作,提高(gao)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)資源的(de)有(you)序管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和高(gao)效應用,通過配置開放(fang)式(shi)、門戶式(shi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)平臺,有(you)助于中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)實(shi)(shi)現統(tong)(tong)一(yi)化的(de)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟件管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、硬件配置、課程安排、實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)監控,是為實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室量身定制(zhi)的(de)資源整(zheng)合共享、實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)系統(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和風采特色展示的(de)智能化管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)。

(2)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)實時(shi)資訊和(he)分(fen)析(xi)平(ping)臺。充分(fen)運用了(le)全(quan)(quan)球領先的(de)(de)國(guo)際化(hua)投資分(fen)析(xi)理念和(he)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)工程分(fen)析(xi)技術(shu),為金(jin)(jin)融(rong)市場基(ji)金(jin)(jin)管理者(zhe)、機構投資者(zhe)及研究者(zhe)提供覆(fu)蓋全(quan)(quan)球六十多個國(guo)家的(de)(de)股票、債券、期貨(huo)、外(wai)匯、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)衍生品(pin)(pin)等上萬種金(jin)(jin)融(rong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)行(xing)情、資訊、數據,全(quan)(quan)面掌握國(guo)內外(wai)市場動態,培(pei)養學生金(jin)(jin)融(rong)投資嗅覺和(he)資產(chan)系(xi)統化(hua)管理意識(shi)。同時(shi),可根據證券行(xing)業投資重點關注資訊,結(jie)合(he)智(zhi)能多屏幕(mu)/大屏幕(mu)管理技術(shu),實現(xian)特(te)色化(hua)的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)信(xin)息創新集成(cheng)展示,全(quan)(quan)面提升(sheng)了(le)專業實驗室建設(she)的(de)(de)整體水平(ping)與現(xian)代科技性。

(3)金融商品投資模擬交易平(ping)臺。虛擬交易系(xi)統采取與(yu)證(zheng)券行業真實(shi)交易規(gui)則(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)模塊設計(ji),從下單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)流程到交易的(de)(de)(de)撮(cuo)合(he)機(ji)制(zhi),以及現金比(bi)例(li)和持倉明細的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi),每(mei)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)都以真實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)證(zheng)券規(gui)則(ze)(ze)來要求和限制(zhi)學生,使學生在(zai)實(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)能真正(zheng)感(gan)受到與(yu)證(zheng)券機(ji)構相同的(de)(de)(de)競爭和操(cao)(cao)作機(ji)制(zhi),從實(shi)驗(yan)過程的(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個步(bu)驟(zou)都規(gui)范學生的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作,目的(de)(de)(de)是為了培養基金經理,而不是小的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)構投資者。

(二)銀(yin)行業(ye)務模(mo)擬模(mo)塊(kuai)

根據傳統(tong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)各項業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),由(you)整合(he)的實訓系(xi)(xi)統(tong)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)內嵌:商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)綜合(he)柜臺(tai)(tai)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)國際結(jie)算業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)經(jing)營管理業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)信貸管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)四大模(mo)擬(ni)實訓資源工具,全面模(mo)擬(ni)仿真了商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)所有(you)傳統(tong)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)類(lei)型與流(liu)程,實現(xian)了實驗教學與真實工作內容(rong)的無縫銜接。

(1)商(shang)業銀(yin)行綜合(he)業務系統(tong)(tong)。為(wei)學(xue)習(xi)提供一個身臨其境(jing)的(de)實(shi)(shi)際操(cao)作環境(jing)。系統(tong)(tong)充分考慮銀(yin)行業務操(cao)作的(de)特點,貫徹(che)銀(yin)行“以(yi)客戶為(wei)中心(xin)”的(de)管(guan)理、賬戶管(guan)理的(de)相(xiang)關理念。通過(guo)系統(tong)(tong)操(cao)作,直接體(ti)驗如(ru)何(he)掌握客戶的(de)信(xin)息、如(ru)何(he)實(shi)(shi)現客戶理財(cai)等業務。

(2)經營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)業(ye)務模擬教(jiao)學系統。通過實際(ji)分析商業(ye)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)相(xiang)關指標(biao),配合相(xiang)關數據(ju),讓新員工了(le)解到銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)財務管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、資金管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)和內部(bu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)等多方面的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)指標(biao),以(yi)及這些(xie)指標(biao)在銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)是如何應用,并可體驗銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)是如何從(cong)宏觀(guan)上了(le)解市場以(yi)及如何分析內部(bu)經營(ying)。

(3)信(xin)貸(dai)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)模(mo)擬教學系(xi)統(tong)。系(xi)統(tong)是建(jian)立在銀行會(hui)計(ji)核算處理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)和柜(ju)員(yuan)交易系(xi)統(tong)之上的后臺業(ye)務(wu)(wu)處理(li)(li)(li)和管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)。功能主要涉(she)及四(si)個方面(mian):客戶信(xin)息管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、貸(dai)款全(quan)過程管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、貸(dai)款風險管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、報表查詢(xun)。系(xi)統(tong)不僅全(quan)面(mian)包括銀行現有的信(xin)貸(dai)業(ye)務(wu)(wu),還可(ke)根據需求靈活增加信(xin)貸(dai)品種(zhong),同(tong)時對某些業(ye)務(wu)(wu)的處理(li)(li)(li)能提供多種(zhong)靈活的方式(shi)和個性化的服務(wu)(wu)。

對于(yu)專業(ye)的(de)(de)院(yuan)校來(lai)(lai)說,金融(rong)基(ji)礎(chu)實訓只是實驗(yan)(yan)教學(xue)的(de)(de)簡單基(ji)本要求,從學(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)建(jian)設和(he)長期規劃來(lai)(lai)看,實驗(yan)(yan)室的(de)(de)建(jian)設必須把高端的(de)(de)數據分析、金融(rong)工程、量(liang)化投資(zi)等(deng)與(yu)真實的(de)(de)金融(rong)業(ye)界機(ji)構(gou)相結(jie)合的(de)(de)案例(li)包含(han)進來(lai)(lai),便于(yu)實驗(yan)(yan)室的(de)(de)拓(tuo)展和(he)層次的(de)(de)提高,為學(xue)院(yuan)的(de)(de)研究生和(he)老師的(de)(de)課題(ti)研究和(he)學(xue)術成果的(de)(de)研究提供了基(ji)礎(chu)。

參考文獻:

篇7

關鍵詞:校園(yuan)網(wang);網(wang)絡安全(quan);方案設(she)計

當(dang)前(qian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)技術的(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)發展,大(da)部分高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)已經建立了(le)學校(xiao)(xiao)校(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo),為學校(xiao)(xiao)師(shi)生提供(gong)了(le)更好的(de)(de)工作及學習環境,有效(xiao)實(shi)現了(le)資源共(gong)享,加快(kuai)了(le)信息的(de)(de)處理,提高(gao)了(le)工作效(xiao)率【1】。然而校(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)在使用過程(cheng)中還存(cun)在著(zhu)安(an)全問題(ti),極易導致學校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)系統(tong)出(chu)現問題(ti),因此,要想保證(zheng)校(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)安(an)全性,首先要對校(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)安(an)全問題(ti)深(shen)入(ru)了(le)解,并提出(chu)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)安(an)全方(fang)案設(she)計,合理構建網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)安(an)全體(ti)系。本文就對校(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)安(an)全方(fang)案設(she)計與(yu)工程(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)深(shen)入(ru)探(tan)討。

1.校(xiao)園網(wang)網(wang)絡(luo)安全(quan)問題分析

1.1操作系統的漏洞

當前大多數學校的(de)(de)校園網(wang)都是采用windows操作系統,這就加(jia)大了安全的(de)(de)漏洞,服務器以及個人PC內部都會(hui)存在著大量的(de)(de)安全漏洞【2】。隨著時間的(de)(de)推(tui)移,會(hui)導(dao)致這些漏洞被人發現并利用,極大的(de)(de)破(po)壞了網(wang)絡系統的(de)(de)運行,給校園網(wang)絡的(de)(de)安全帶(dai)來不(bu)利的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。

1.2網絡病毒(du)的(de)破壞

網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)病毒是校園(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)安全中(zhong)最為常見的問(wen)題,其(qi)能夠(gou)使校園(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)的性(xing)能變得較(jiao)為低(di)下,減慢(man)了上網(wang)(wang)(wang)的速度,使計算機軟(ruan)件(jian)出現安全隱患,對其(qi)中(zhong)的重(zhong)要數據(ju)帶(dai)來破壞,嚴(yan)重(zhong)的情況下還會造成(cheng)計算機的網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)系統癱瘓。

1.3來自(zi)外部(bu)網(wang)絡的入侵和(he)攻擊等惡意破壞行為

校園網(wang)只(zhi)有(you)連接(jie)到(dao)(dao)互聯(lian)網(wang)上,才能實現(xian)與外(wai)界的(de)聯(lian)系,使校園網(wang)發揮出重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作用(yong)。但是(shi),校園網(wang)在使用(yong)過程中,會遭到(dao)(dao)外(wai)部黑客的(de)入侵和攻擊的(de)危險(xian),給校園互聯(lian)網(wang)內部的(de)服務器以及(ji)數據庫帶來(lai)不利的(de)影響,使一些重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)數據遭到(dao)(dao)破壞,給電腦系統造(zao)成(cheng)極大(da)的(de)危害。

1.4來(lai)自校(xiao)園網內部的(de)攻擊和破壞

由(you)于大多數高校都開(kai)設了(le)計算機專(zhuan)業,一些(xie)學生(sheng)在(zai)進行(xing)實驗操作的(de)時候(hou),由(you)于缺乏專(zhuan)業知識,出于對網絡的(de)興趣,不經意(yi)間(jian)會(hui)使用一些(xie)網絡攻擊工具(ju)進行(xing)測試,這就(jiu)給校園網絡系(xi)統帶來一定的(de)安全威脅。

2.校園網網絡安全的設計(ji)思路

2.1根據安全需求劃分相(xiang)關區域(yu)

當前高校(xiao)校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)都沒(mei)有重視到(dao)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)問題,一般都是根據網(wang)絡互(hu)(hu)通(tong)需要為中(zhong)心進(jin)行設計(ji)的(de)(de)。以安(an)全(quan)為中(zhong)心的(de)(de)設計(ji)思路能夠更好的(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)性。將校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)絡分(fen)(fen)為不同的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)域,并對各個區(qu)(qu)域進(jin)行安(an)全(quan)設置。其中(zhong)可(ke)以對高校(xiao)校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)網(wang)絡安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)服務區(qu)(qu)、廣域網(wang)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)、遠程接(jie)入區(qu)(qu)、數(shu)據中(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)等進(jin)行不同的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)域。

2.2用(yong)防火墻隔(ge)離各安(an)全區域

通過防火(huo)墻(qiang)設備對(dui)(dui)各安(an)全(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)進(jin)(jin)行隔離,同時防火(huo)墻(qiang)作為不同網絡(luo)或網絡(luo)安(an)全(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)之間(jian)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)出入口(kou),配(pei)置不同的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)策略(lve)監督和(he)控制出入網絡(luo)的(de)數(shu)據流,防火(huo)墻(qiang)本身具有(you)一定的(de)抗攻擊能力。防火(huo)墻(qiang)把網絡(luo)隔離成兩個區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu),分別為受(shou)信(xin)任的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)和(he)不被信(xin)任的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu),其(qi)中對(dui)(dui)信(xin)任的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)將對(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行安(an)全(quan)(quan)策略(lve)的(de)保護(hu),設置有(you)效的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)保護(hu)措施(shi),防火(huo)墻(qiang)在(zai)接入的(de)網絡(luo)間(jian)實現接入訪問(wen)控制。

3.校園網網絡安全方案設計

3.1主干網(wang)設計主干網(wang)可采用三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)網(wang)絡構(gou)架,將(jiang)原本較為(wei)復雜的(de)網(wang)絡設計分為(wei)三個層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次(ci),分別為(wei)接入層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、匯(hui)聚層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、核心層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。每個層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次(ci)注(zhu)重特有的(de)功(gong)能(neng),這樣就將(jiang)大問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)簡化成多個小問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。

3.2安全技術的(de)應用3.2.1VLAN技術的(de)應用。虛擬(ni)網是(shi)一項廣泛使(shi)用的(de)基礎,將其應用于校園網絡(luo)(luo)當(dang)中(zhong),能夠有效的(de)實現虛擬(ni)網的(de)劃分(fen),形成一個邏輯網絡(luo)(luo)。使(shi)用這些技術,能夠優化校園網網絡(luo)(luo)的(de)設計(ji)、管(guan)理(li)以及維(wei)護(hu)。

3.2.2ACL技(ji)術的應(ying)用。這項技(ji)術不僅(jin)具(ju)有(you)合理(li)配(pei)置(zhi)的功能,而且(qie)還(huan)有(you)交換機支(zhi)持的訪問控制(zhi)(zhi)列表功能。應(ying)用于校(xiao)園網絡當中,能夠合理(li)的限制(zhi)(zhi)網絡非法流量,從(cong)而實現訪問控制(zhi)(zhi)。

3.3防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)墻的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)墻是建立在兩個不(bu)(bu)同網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎之間,首先對(dui)其設置安全(quan)規則,決定網(wang)絡(luo)中(zhong)傳輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據包(bao)是否允許通過,并(bing)對(dui)網(wang)絡(luo)運行狀態(tai)進行監視,使(shi)得內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構與運行狀況(kuang)都對(dui)外屏(ping)蔽(bi),從(cong)而達到(dao)內部網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護【3】。如圖一(yi)所示。防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)墻的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用主(zhu)要有這幾個方面:一(yi)是防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)墻能(neng)夠把內、外網(wang)絡(luo)、對(dui)外服務(wu)(wu)器網(wang)絡(luo)實行分區域(yu)隔(ge)離(li),從(cong)而達到(dao)與外網(wang)相互隔(ge)離(li)。二是防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)墻能(neng)夠將對(dui)外服務(wu)(wu)器、網(wang)絡(luo)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)機隔(ge)離(li)在一(yi)個區域(yu)內,并(bing)對(dui)其進行安全(quan)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護,以此提(ti)升網(wang)絡(luo)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)性。三是防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)墻能(neng)夠限(xian)制用戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)訪(fang)問權限(xian),有效(xiao)杜(du)絕非法(fa)用戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)訪(fang)問。四是防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)墻能(neng)夠實現對(dui)訪(fang)問服務(wu)(wu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)請求控(kong)制,一(yi)旦發現不(bu)(bu)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為將及(ji)時阻止。五(wu)是防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)墻在各(ge)個服務(wu)(wu)器上(shang)具有審(shen)計(ji)記錄,有助于完(wan)善審(shen)計(ji)體系(xi)(xi)。

4.結語

總而(er)言之,校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)是各(ge)大院(yuan)校(xiao)所關(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)問題,當前校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)問題有操作系統的(de)(de)(de)漏洞、網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)病毒的(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)、來(lai)自外部網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)入侵和(he)攻擊等惡意破(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)行為、來(lai)自校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)攻擊和(he)破(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)等【4】。要(yao)想保障校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing),在校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)面,應(ying)當根據(ju)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)需求劃分相關(guan)區域(yu),用防火(huo)墻隔離(li)各(ge)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區域(yu)。設(she)計(ji)一個安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)方(fang)案,將(jiang)重點放在主干網(wang)(wang)(wang)設(she)計(ji)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用以及防火(huo)墻的(de)(de)(de)使用上,不斷更(geng)新與(yu)改進校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術,從而(er)提(ti)升校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)。

作(zuo)者:金(jin)茂 單位:杭州技師學(xue)院

參考文獻:

[1]余思東,黃(huang)欣.校園網網絡(luo)安全方案設計[J]軟(ruan)件導刊,2012,06:138-139

[2]張明,姜崢嶸,陳(chen)紅麗.基于(yu)WLAN的無線校園網的設計(ji)與實(shi)現[J]現代電子技術,2012,13:63-65+68

篇8

關鍵詞:建筑(zhu)物 建筑(zhu)工(gong)程 防雷設(she)計

近幾年(nian)來(lai),伴隨著(zhu)建(jian)筑(zhu)科(ke)技的發展,高大建(jian)筑(zhu)的興建(jian),雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電災(zai)害發生的率(lv)也日益繁,給社會、企事業(ye)單位以及(ji)人(ren)民群眾(zhong)帶來(lai)了(le)巨大的經濟損(sun)失(shi)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)對雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電災(zai)害的研究(jiu)從來(lai)沒有間斷過,而(er)國(guo)(guo)家相關(guan)部門對于工(gong)程(cheng)中的防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)設(she)計的要(yao)求也日益科(ke)學、規范、嚴謹。比如我(wo)國(guo)(guo)在1994年(nian)頒布了(le)《建(jian)筑(zhu)物防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)設(she)計規范》,而(er)在2000年(nian)和2010年(nian),國(guo)(guo)家建(jian)設(she)部、機械工(gong)業(ye)部等部門又對這一規范進行了(le)修(xiu)訂。可見我(wo)國(guo)(guo)對雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電災(zai)害的重(zhong)視程(cheng)度。雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電災(zai)害包(bao)括了(le)直(zhi)擊雷(lei)(lei)(lei)、侵入雷(lei)(lei)(lei)以及(ji)感應(ying)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)等種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei),就不同雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)要(yao)采(cai)取(qu)不同的措(cuo)施加以防(fang)治。

一、雷電的(de)基(ji)本知識與防雷方法(fa)簡(jian)述

雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)主要包(bao)括了(le)以下(xia)四種方(fang)式,即:先導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、回(hui)擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、連(lian)續電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與(yu)后續電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),其(qi)中的回(hui)擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的幅(fu)值最大,因而(er)(er)又被稱(cheng)為主放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)形成的主要原因是由于(yu)當(dang)雷(lei)云負(fu)荷(he)中心的電(dian)(dian)(dian)場強(qiang)(qiang)度達(da)到(dao)(dao)極限時(shi),就會發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊(ji)(ji)穿現象,從而(er)(er)使一(yi)(yi)些氣體分子處于(yu)游離(li)的狀態,而(er)(er)這些游離(li)的氣體就成為導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的介質,當(dang)這段導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣體向下(xia)方(fang)延(yan)伸時(shi),就形成了(le)一(yi)(yi)個先導(dao)通(tong)道(dao),這一(yi)(yi)通(tong)道(dao)向下(xia)與(yu)大地(di)(di)(di)在一(yi)(yi)個特(te)定的距離(li)時(shi),當(dang)大地(di)(di)(di)感應到(dao)(dao)自己的與(yu)雷(lei)云的極性相(xiang)反,這樣(yang)大地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)比較(jiao)尖端,或(huo)者比較(jiao)突出(chu)的地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)就會對先導(dao)頭部進(jin)行回(hui)擊(ji)(ji),進(jin)而(er)(er)在雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道(dao)中產(chan)生一(yi)(yi)股(gu)強(qiang)(qiang)烈的回(hui)擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),這就是我們看(kan)到(dao)(dao)的雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。回(hui)擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的峰值通(tong)常能夠達(da)到(dao)(dao)1×104到(dao)(dao)3×104A左(zuo)右(you),這是一(yi)(yi)股(gu)非常強(qiang)(qiang)大的脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),所以才形成了(le)很多(duo)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)災害。

要(yao)對(dui)(dui)建筑工(gong)(gong)程進(jin)行防雷(lei)(lei)設(she)計,先(xian)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)雷(lei)(lei)電的種類與破壞(huai)方式進(jin)行研究。建筑工(gong)(gong)程中防雷(lei)(lei)設(she)計主要(yao)是針對(dui)(dui)直擊雷(lei)(lei)(包括側擊雷(lei)(lei))與感(gan)應雷(lei)(lei),而防止雷(lei)(lei)電波侵入則是在工(gong)(gong)程竣工(gong)(gong)之后,根(gen)據(ju)實際需(xu)求單獨進(jin)行設(she)計與安裝的。

直擊雷是(shi)指(zhi)雷云(yun)電(dian)(dian)荷直接對建筑物(wu)、電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)施放電(dian)(dian)的現象(xiang)。這種雷電(dian)(dian)擁有(you)強大(da)的電(dian)(dian)流,并且(qie)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)效應、機械力以及(ji)熱(re)量(liang)對建筑物(wu)、電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)施進行破壞。

感應(ying)(ying)雷是指閃電(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi),能(neng)夠在附近的導體上產生(sheng)靜電(dian)(dian)感應(ying)(ying)、電(dian)(dian)磁感應(ying)(ying),也(ye)可能(neng)使電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備的金屬(shu)部(bu)件之間產生(sheng)火(huo)花(hua),進而(er)對建筑物、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備構成(cheng)威脅。

針對這兩(liang)種雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian),我們的(de)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)原(yuan)則就是“泄”與“抗”,一(yi)是采用接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)方式,因(yin)勢利導,將雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)引入大地(di)(di)(di)之中,進而(er)降低了它巨大的(de)破(po)壞力,以達到防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)目的(de)。接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)目的(de)有兩(liang)個,一(yi)是將雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)引入大地(di)(di)(di);二是防(fang)(fang)止雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)擊(ji)中人身(shen)。因(yin)此(ci),建(jian)筑工程必須重(zhong)視(shi)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)質量(liang),切(qie)實抓好防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)設(she)計工作,因(yin)為接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)質量(liang)直接(jie)關(guan)系著人民群眾的(de)生命、財產(chan)安全(quan)。二是提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)的(de)絕緣水平,以達到抗擊(ji)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)破(po)壞的(de)目的(de)。當(dang)然(ran),實際操作中,要根據建(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)實際情(qing)況來選擇防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)方式,也可以將兩(liang)者相結合,以達到最佳(jia)的(de)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)效果(guo)。現階(jie)段,經常采用的(de)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)設(she)施有避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)針、避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器、避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)線以及保護間隙等等。

二、防雷設計的措施

1.直擊雷的防范設計

建(jian)筑工程(cheng)的防(fang)雷設計措施包括了設置接(jie)(jie)閃器、安(an)裝提前(qian)放(fang)電避(bi)(bi)雷針,也可以將(jiang)兩者結合(he)。接(jie)(jie)閃器的原(yuan)理主(zhu)要(yao)是利用了它(ta)高于周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)區域(yu)的其它(ta)建(jian)筑物(wu),當被雷電擊(ji)中之(zhi)后,能(neng)夠(gou)將(jiang)雷擊(ji)放(fang)電導向自身,再(zai)通過引下線與接(jie)(jie)地(di)裝置,最終將(jiang)雷電的強大(da)(da)電流引入大(da)(da)地(di)之(zhi)中,進而確(que)保了周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)建(jian)筑物(wu)的安(an)全。提前(qian)放(fang)電避(bi)(bi)雷針是依靠自身的接(jie)(jie)地(di)體良好的導電優勢(shi),能(neng)夠(gou)在建(jian)筑物(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)圍雷云(yun)電荷(he)還沒有達到放(fang)電的程(cheng)度時,利用提前(qian)放(fang)電避(bi)(bi)雷針與雷云(yun)之(zhi)間的放(fang)電效應,將(jiang)電荷(he)引入大(da)(da)地(di)之(zhi)中,從(cong)而避(bi)(bi)免(mian)了雷擊(ji)的發生。

我們(men)在對接(jie)閃器(qi)、提前(qian)放電(dian)(dian)避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)針(zhen)進行(xing)實際設置(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),要(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)兩(liang)者(zhe)安裝的(de)高度、位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)不要(yao)影響到建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)的(de)整體外(wai)觀(guan)(guan),而且(qie)設計(ji)者(zhe)要(yao)充(chong)分考慮(lv)(lv)到建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)外(wai)觀(guan)(guan)形象(xiang),對接(jie)閃器(qi)、提前(qian)放電(dian)(dian)避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)針(zhen)進行(xing)設計(ji),使(shi)兩(liang)者(zhe)能夠與建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)成為(wei)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)整體,比如充(chong)分利用金(jin)屬屋面(mian)、金(jin)屬欄桿以及(ji)埋設層面(mian)的(de)避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)帶等等。特(te)別是對于那(nei)些對對外(wai)觀(guan)(guan)有嚴格要(yao)求的(de)建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)上,必(bi)須(xu)考慮(lv)(lv)到兩(liang)者(zhe)安放的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)、高度、方(fang)式要(yao)與建筑(zhu)的(de)外(wai)觀(guan)(guan)形象(xiang)相統(tong)一(yi)。安裝時(shi),我們(men)還要(yao)依據國家的(de)相關規范(fan)對接(jie)閃器(qi)與提前(qian)放電(dian)(dian)避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)針(zhen)的(de)保護范(fan)圍(wei)進行(xing)嚴謹、縝密的(de)計(ji)算(suan),以保證(zheng)建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)必(bi)須(xu)在兩(liang)者(zhe)保護的(de)范(fan)圍(wei)之內。

對(dui)(dui)于建筑(zhu)物外觀造(zao)型采用的(de)(de)是(shi)金屬屋(wu)面(mian)的(de)(de)大型建筑(zhu)物,更要充分考(kao)(kao)慮將(jiang)外形與屋(wu)面(mian)防雷(lei)設計結合(he),將(jiang)安(an)(an)全與使(shi)用維護結合(he)。如(ru)果屋(wu)面(mian)金屬板(ban)的(de)(de)厚度與連(lian)接(jie)(jie)方式都符合(he)防雷(lei)要求的(de)(de)條件下,可以(yi)將(jiang)金屬屋(wu)面(mian)直接(jie)(jie)當作接(jie)(jie)閃器進行(xing)使(shi)用,同時不要忘(wang)記(ji)考(kao)(kao)慮建筑(zhu)物周邊的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境以(yi)及有無遭受(shou)雷(lei)擊(ji)的(de)(de)歷史記(ji)錄,對(dui)(dui)雷(lei)擊(ji)的(de)(de)次數、環(huan)(huan)境的(de)(de)溫度、雨水(shui)的(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性物質(zhi)含量等數據(ju)進行(xing)統計分析,對(dui)(dui)防雷(lei)設計進行(xing)改進。還要應考(kao)(kao)慮到當金屬板(ban)被雷(lei)擊(ji)中之后,可能引起的(de)(de)損壞(huai)與燒(shao)傷程度,雖然雷(lei)擊(ji)的(de)(de)損害程度不能夠(gou)對(dui)(dui)主體的(de)(de)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全構(gou)成威脅,但是(shi)如(ru)果建筑(zhu)物周圍的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境過于潮濕(shi),或者(zhe)雨水(shui)中含有腐(fu)蝕(shi)性物質(zhi),那(nei)么就(jiu)可能對(dui)(dui)屋(wu)頂構(gou)成破(po)壞(huai),進而對(dui)(dui)屋(wu)面(mian)的(de)(de)防水(shui)層造(zao)成一定的(de)(de)破(po)壞(huai),這(zhe)一情況需要我們在設計時必須(xu)考(kao)(kao)慮在內。

2.感應雷的防范

(1)進行等(deng)電位聯(lian)結

等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聯結(jie)(jie)能(neng)夠(gou)消除不(bu)(bu)同(tong)接地點存(cun)在的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差,一旦發生了雷(lei)擊現象,就可以(yi)(yi)避(bi)免由于電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差而引進(jin)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)現象。在實際操(cao)作中,我們要根據建(jian)筑(zhu)內(nei)部(bu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)房、機(ji)(ji)(ji)器設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)實際布(bu)局(ju)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi),分(fen)別設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)由共用接地系統引來(lai)的(de)(de)總等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聯結(jie)(jie)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)板以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)局(ju)部(bu)等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聯結(jie)(jie)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)板,并(bing)將(jiang)其引入建(jian)筑(zhu)物內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬保護(hu)導(dao)管(guan)(guan)、給排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)屬構件(jian)等(deng)(deng)與等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聯結(jie)(jie)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)進(jin)行連接。設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)在安裝時,要把各個(ge)管(guan)(guan)理間、各個(ge)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)間的(de)(de)金(jin)融管(guan)(guan)道(dao)、構件(jian)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)源PE線與各局(ju)部(bu)等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聯結(jie)(jie)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)板進(jin)行連通(tong),從而構成等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聯結(jie)(jie)系統。通(tong)常情況(kuang)下(xia),設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聯結(jie)(jie)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)地方有(you):設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)房、發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)房、管(guan)(guan)道(dao)井(jing)(jing)、油箱間、強弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)豎井(jing)(jing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)系統機(ji)(ji)(ji)房等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

(2)弱電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)防雷措施

一是進行(xing)電源隔離與吸(xi)收(shou)。可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)電源系(xi)統(tong)之中(zhong)安裝SPD、隔離變壓(ya)器以(yi)及浪涌電壓(ya)吸(xi)收(shou)設(she)(she)備等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。二是屏蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)接地(di)處理。為了阻止與消(xiao)減雷(lei)擊感應(ying)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)電磁輻(fu)射對(dui)(dui)弱(ruo)電設(she)(she)備、電子(zi)元件、線(xian)(xian)路等(deng)(deng)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損害(hai),我(wo)們可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)(dui)弱(ruo)電系(xi)統(tong)采(cai)取(qu)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屏蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)措施加以(yi)保護(hu)。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括(kuo):配線(xian)(xian)進行(xing)穿(chuan)金屬管(guan)理保護(hu)、采(cai)用屏蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)進行(xing)保護(hu),或者對(dui)(dui)機(ji)柜進行(xing)屏蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)接地(di)設(she)(she)置。在(zai)對(dui)(dui)屏蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)試工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong),必須(xu)對(dui)(dui)線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)屏蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端同時(shi)接地(di),穿(chuan)金屬管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)金屬管(guan)也(ye)必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)接地(di),對(dui)(dui)于非(fei)常重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)房,要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)屏蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)機(ji)房的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)規格進行(xing)設(she)(she)計與施工(gong),以(yi)增強防干擾的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能。

總結

綜(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述(shu),隨(sui)著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經濟的快速發(fa)展,建筑(zhu)技術的不斷(duan)進(jin)步(bu),高(gao)層建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的數量不斷(duan)增加,防雷(lei)設計(ji)也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)重要。防雷(lei)設計(ji)是一(yi)項獨特、連續的工(gong)(gong)程項目,其涉及到(dao)的環境因(yin)素很多,設計(ji)的過程中,也(ye)需(xu)要綜(zong)合(he)多種(zhong)因(yin)素,因(yin)為一(yi)絲(si)一(yi)毫的失(shi)誤都可以導致事故的發(fa)生,需(xu)要我(wo)(wo)們(men)要具備高(gao)度的責(ze)任心與敬業精(jing)神(shen)。

參考文獻:

[1]殷春生. 淺(qian)談直擊(ji)雷的(de)防(fang)護[J]. 電氣工(gong)程應用, 2009,(04) .

[2]楊彩芳. 淺談一般(ban)建筑物的防雷設計[J]. 山西建筑, 2006,(15) .

[3]李紅梅(mei). 淺談雷電的預防措施(shi)[J]. 山西建筑, 2008,(14) .

篇9

關鍵(jian)詞:地方(fang)高校;文化建設;工程技(ji)術研究中(zhong)心

0引言

地方(fang)(fang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)作為(wei)我國高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等教育(yu)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)主體(ti)部分,在(zai)(zai)服務(wu)區域(yu)經(jing)濟社會(hui)發展(zhan)以(yi)及(ji)培養地方(fang)(fang)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)素質人才方(fang)(fang)面發揮(hui)著重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作用(yong)(yong)。省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心主要(yao)依托領域(yu)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)力(li)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機構、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)企業和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等院(yuan)校(xiao)組(zu)建(jian)的(de)(de)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)開發實(shi)(shi)體(ti)[1]。地方(fang)(fang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)諸如(ru)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心、重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)實(shi)(shi)驗室等省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺,在(zai)(zai)全面提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)科學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)區域(yu)社會(hui)服務(wu)的(de)(de)能力(li)等方(fang)(fang)面具有舉足輕重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。目(mu)前,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心在(zai)(zai)建(jian)設(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)多注重(zhong)(zhong)了人才隊伍(wu)建(jian)設(she)和(he)試驗硬件(jian)設(she)施建(jian)設(she),而對科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺文(wen)(wen)(wen)化建(jian)設(she)方(fang)(fang)面考(kao)慮較少。文(wen)(wen)(wen)化是(shi)一(yi)種軟(ruan)實(shi)(shi)力(li),文(wen)(wen)(wen)化建(jian)設(she)是(shi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺內涵、升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)舉措之(zhi)一(yi)。省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心文(wen)(wen)(wen)化建(jian)設(she)是(shi)各(ge)類(lei)人員緊密圍繞地方(fang)(fang)產業發展(zhan)需(xu)要(yao),開展(zhan)相關科學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),在(zai)(zai)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)踐過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)系(xi)列精(jing)神與物質財富的(de)(de)積累。“陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)陜(shan)北絨山(shan)羊(yang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心”是(shi)在(zai)(zai)榆(yu)林學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)生命科學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心、榆(yu)林市(shi)陜(shan)北白絨山(shan)羊(yang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)基礎上,經(jing)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)廳(ting)批準在(zai)(zai)榆(yu)林學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)組(zu)建(jian)成(cheng)立(li)的(de)(de)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。筆者以(yi)該研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心為(wei)例(li),探討(tao)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心文(wen)(wen)(wen)化建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)與意義、建(jian)設(she)內容與實(shi)(shi)踐途徑(jing),以(yi)期(qi)為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺文(wen)(wen)(wen)化建(jian)設(she)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)參考(kao)。

1文化建設的重(zhong)要意義(yi)與作用

1.1有利于促進學校(xiao)應用轉型發(fa)展,提高服務地方社會(hui)發(fa)展的能力

當前,國務院頒布《引導(dao)部分(fen)地(di)方(fang)(fang)普通本(ben)科(ke)高(gao)校(xiao)向應用型(xing)(xing)轉變的(de)指導(dao)意見》中(zhong)提出,高(gao)校(xiao)要把辦學(xue)思路真正轉到服務地(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟社(she)(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、培(pei)養應用型(xing)(xing)技(ji)術技(ji)能型(xing)(xing)人才上(shang)來(lai),以(yi)全(quan)面提高(gao)學(xue)校(xiao)服務區域經(jing)濟社(she)(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)創(chuang)新驅(qu)動發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)能力[2]。高(gao)校(xiao)文化(hua)建(jian)設是一項長(chang)期的(de)系統工程,在(zai)地(di)方(fang)(fang)本(ben)科(ke)高(gao)校(xiao)實(shi)現應用轉型(xing)(xing)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),以(yi)及提高(gao)服務地(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟社(she)(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)能力等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面發(fa)揮著(zhu)獨(du)特的(de)推動作用[3]。

1.2有利于加強學校(xiao)科(ke)(ke)研平臺建設,提(ti)高學校(xiao)科(ke)(ke)技創新與競爭能力

地(di)方高校通(tong)常科(ke)研起(qi)步晚(wan)、高層次人才短缺、科(ke)研條件落后等各方面因素(su),出現科(ke)研核心競爭能(neng)力差、科(ke)技創新能(neng)力不足等現象(xiang)[4]。省級工程技術(shu)研究(jiu)中心文化建設作為學(xue)校文化建設的(de)一部分(fen),可以(yi)增(zeng)強(qiang)學(xue)校對外(wai)展(zhan)示宣傳和(he)提高學(xue)校的(de)知(zhi)名度,這有利于穩(wen)定已有研究(jiu)隊伍,還(huan)能(neng)吸引和(he)匯集優秀人才,并通(tong)過省級科(ke)研平(ping)臺的(de)建設與實(shi)施將會進一步提升(sheng)學(xue)校科(ke)研水平(ping)和(he)競爭力。

1.3有利于(yu)推(tui)動學校學科內(nei)涵(han)建設(she),提升專業應用型

人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)水平省級(ji)工程技術研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)心通(tong)常依托特定的(de)(de)(de)專業學(xue)科(ke)(ke),研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)心成員承擔(dan)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)與教學(xue)雙重任務(wu)。工程技術研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)心建設與高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)間存在(zai)內在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互關聯,也是聯合(he)培(pei)養(yang)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生和大學(xue)生科(ke)(ke)研(yan)實踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)平臺[5]。研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)心良好的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化氛圍和濃郁的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)術氣氛有利于促進學(xue)生實踐(jian)能力(li)和創新能力(li),對學(xue)生具有價值導向、行為(wei)約(yue)束、激勵與鼓舞的(de)(de)(de)作用[6],這對不(bu)斷提高(gao)(gao)地(di)方高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)質(zhi)量(liang)和服(fu)務(wu)區域經濟(ji)社會發展至(zhi)關重要(yao)。

2文化建設的內容與途徑

筆者認為省級工程(cheng)技術(shu)研(yan)究中(zhong)心(xin)文(wen)化(hua)建設主要體現在環境文(wen)化(hua)建設、人文(wen)文(wen)化(hua)建設和制度文(wen)化(hua)建設等3個方面。

2.1環(huan)境(jing)文化(hua)建設

2.1.1文化走(zou)廊建設

在(zai)(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)建設(she)文(wen)化(hua)走(zou)廊,即在(zai)(zai)步(bu)入研(yan)(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醒目(mu)位(wei)置掛(gua)上研(yan)(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)英(ying)文(wen)名(ming)稱(cheng)及Logo,在(zai)(zai)往里走(zou)廊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墻壁上掛(gua)上帶有(you)燈光效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)板(ban),在(zai)(zai)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置設(she)立展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)櫥(chu)窗(chuang)。在(zai)(zai)制作研(yan)(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)英(ying)文(wen)名(ming)稱(cheng)時(shi),要(yao)(yao)確保英(ying)文(wen)名(ming)稱(cheng)準確無誤,因為要(yao)(yao)么是打(da)印疏忽要(yao)(yao)么是中(zhong)(zhong)國式英(ying)語翻譯導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公共場合(he)錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英(ying)文(wen)標識或名(ming)稱(cheng)屢見不鮮(xian)。Logo的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計也很重要(yao)(yao),能(neng)夠體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)特色,構思新穎(ying)創意,圖(tu)(tu)案(an)簡(jian)潔,色彩鮮(xian)明大(da)方,必要(yao)(yao)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)請專業人士進(jin)行設(she)計。展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)板(ban)以圖(tu)(tu)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)介(jie)紹(shao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)情況,板(ban)塊內容可包括:中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)簡(jian)介(jie)、中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)定位(wei)、中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)研(yan)(yan)(yan)發方向、中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)主(zhu)推技術、對外(wai)服(fu)務項目(mu)、主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)項目(mu)、主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)工作和成(cheng)(cheng)績(ji)、主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果、榮(rong)譽與獎(jiang)勵、領導關懷與重視(shi)(shi)(shi)、媒體(ti)(ti)關注、科研(yan)(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)介(jie)紹(shao)、團隊(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)員笑臉墻、最新重大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)果介(jie)紹(shao)、關鍵核心(xin)技術圖(tu)(tu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)、大(da)型儀器設(she)備(bei)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。通過櫥(chu)窗(chuang)將科研(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果或開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品形(xing)象(xiang)直觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)出來,比如做絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)相關研(yan)(yan)(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),櫥(chu)窗(chuang)里可以擺放活靈活現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)標本和穿戴(dai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)服(fu)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模特等(deng),再(zai)配(pei)備(bei)壁掛(gua)式電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)有(you)參觀(guan)人員時(shi)打(da)開(kai)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi),播放實驗中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)簡(jian)介(jie)及媒體(ti)(ti)采訪等(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻,通過視(shi)(shi)(shi)聽同時(shi)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi),提高宣傳力度。

2.1.2實驗室文化建設(she)

在(zai)(zai)研究中心實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)門外(wai)掛門牌編號及實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)中、英文(wen)名(ming)稱(cheng),在(zai)(zai)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)內的墻壁上掛一些(xie)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)度、操作規(gui)程、實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)注意事(shi)項(xiang)等展牌。實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)內應優化(hua)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)布局(ju),注意儀器(qi)(qi)的擺放,提高實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)利用(yong)率,并將(jiang)做有毒害污染試驗(yan)(yan)的域(yu)區標識出來,此(ci)區域(yu)所使用(yong)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)器(qi)(qi)材(cai)不(bu)能隨意搬(ban)動(dong)或拿(na)出區域(yu),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)相關實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)必(bi)須在(zai)(zai)此(ci)區域(yu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。此(ci)外(wai),在(zai)(zai)某些(xie)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)的窗(chuang)臺上可(ke)以(yi)擺放一些(xie)盆栽(zai)花卉,以(yi)凈化(hua)和(he)美(mei)化(hua)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)環境,亦在(zai)(zai)試驗(yan)(yan)閑(xian)暇之時(shi)陶(tao)冶情(qing)操。

2.2人(ren)文文化(hua)建設

通過(guo)不(bu)斷地(di)學習和(he)學術交流(liu),提升師(shi)生的(de)知識(shi)水平、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐操(cao)作能(neng)力及科研能(neng)力,可嘗試如下幾種方式(shi):2.2.1組織師(shi)生進行(xing)學習培訓(xun)、參加(jia)學術會議和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)考察(cha)對新進實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)的(de)學生進行(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)管理(li)制度、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)安全、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)儀器使用方法(fa)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)操(cao)作規程等方面的(de)培訓(xun);組織師(shi)生參加(jia)國內舉辦的(de)一(yi)些(xie)與自己科研領(ling)域(yu)相(xiang)關的(de)專(zhuan)業研討會或學術會議;組織教(jiao)師(shi)去其他(ta)高校(xiao)或科研單位(wei)進行(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)考察(cha),了解新的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)設備,學習新的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)技術及實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)管理(li)經驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。

2.2.2在自(zi)己實驗室內舉(ju)辦(ban)

Seminar實驗(yan)室每周(zhou)舉辦一(yi)(yi)次Seminar(學(xue)術研(yan)討(tao)(tao)會),一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)進(jin)(jin)行Workreport(工作匯(hui)報(bao)(bao)),另一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)進(jin)(jin)行Journalclub(文獻(xian)(xian)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)),Workreport和Journalclub交替進(jin)(jin)行。進(jin)(jin)行Workreport時,每個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)簡要(yao)地(di)匯(hui)報(bao)(bao)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)這兩(liang)周(zhou)的(de)工作內容或試驗(yan)進(jin)(jin)展,重點(dian)提出自(zi)(zi)己(ji)在工作或科(ke)研(yan)過程中遇到(dao)的(de)問(wen)題,并與其他(ta)人(ren)(ren)進(jin)(jin)行討(tao)(tao)論,提出解(jie)決方(fang)案;主講(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(每次一(yi)(yi)位(wei)研(yan)究生(sheng))將(jiang)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)試驗(yan)進(jin)(jin)展以(yi)PPT的(de)形(xing)式進(jin)(jin)行匯(hui)報(bao)(bao),其他(ta)人(ren)(ren)對其存在的(de)問(wen)題進(jin)(jin)行發(fa)言并提出建設性意(yi)見。進(jin)(jin)行Journalclub時,每個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)簡要(yao)地(di)匯(hui)報(bao)(bao)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)這兩(liang)周(zhou)看了(le)哪(na)些方(fang)面(mian)的(de)文獻(xian)(xian),講(jiang)一(yi)(yi)些從文獻(xian)(xian)中的(de)收獲或相(xiang)關領域最新研(yan)究進(jin)(jin)展;主講(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(每次一(yi)(yi)位(wei)研(yan)究生(sheng))選取自(zi)(zi)己(ji)研(yan)究領域相(xiang)關的(de)文章或導(dao)師指定的(de)paper,以(yi)PPT形(xing)式給大家進(jin)(jin)行講(jiang)解(jie),供(gong)大家共同學(xue)習,要(yao)求所選取的(de)文章為SCI期刊收錄(lu)文章,并提前一(yi)(yi)天將(jiang)所選文章通(tong)過郵件(jian)形(xing)式發(fa)送(song)給大家。

2.2.3網站建設及微信公眾(zhong)平(ping)臺搭(da)建

建設具(ju)特色文化的網站及微信公(gong)眾平(ping)臺(tai),通過網站與微信平(ping)臺(tai)進(jin)行信息與技術交流,達到普(pu)及科學(xue)知識、報(bao)道(dao)研究資訊、提品展示平(ping)臺(tai)、搭(da)建研究與產業化橋梁的目的。

2.3制(zhi)度文化建設

省級工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)研究中心(xin)(xin)基本(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)應由(you)地(di)方高校(xiao)的國資與實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)管理(li)(li)處統一提供,體(ti)現中心(xin)(xin)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)特點的制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)本(ben)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)定。如筆(bi)者(zhe)所在(zai)地(di)方高校(xiao)關(guan)于實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)方面(mian)的規(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you):榆(yu)林學院實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)安全(quan)衛生制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、榆(yu)林學院學生實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)守(shou)則(ze)、榆(yu)林學院實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)作守(shou)則(ze)、榆(yu)林學院實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)廢(fei)棄(qi)物處理(li)(li)管理(li)(li)辦法、榆(yu)林學院危險化(hua)學品采購和(he)使用管理(li)(li)辦法等。中心(xin)(xin)各實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)根據實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)功能制(zhi)(zhi)定的相關(guan)規(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you):實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)安全(quan)管理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、試劑藥品領用制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)操(cao)(cao)作注意事(shi)項、常用有(you)毒(du)有(you)害化(hua)學試劑名錄、常用技術(shu)操(cao)(cao)作流程(cheng)(cheng)、大型儀器使用操(cao)(cao)作規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)等。將這些規(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)展(zhan)牌掛(gua)在(zai)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內的墻壁上,便于師(shi)生學習(xi)與執行。此外,省級工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)研究中心(xin)(xin)必須對新進入(ru)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)從事(shi)科研活動的人員及學生進行安全(quan)知識(shi)和(he)相關(guan)管理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的培訓(xun),或(huo)建立(li)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)安全(quan)知識(shi)學習(xi)網(wang)站,在(zai)線進行安全(quan)知識(shi)答題,培訓(xun)合格(ge)或(huo)答題成(cheng)績合格(ge)者(zhe)方可進入(ru)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)進行試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);中心(xin)(xin)還應不(bu)斷地(di)完(wan)善管理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),更新規(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、辦事(shi)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)行為準(zhun)則(ze),不(bu)斷加強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)建設(she)。

3結語

省(sheng)級(ji)工(gong)程技術(shu)研(yan)究中心文(wen)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)對加強地(di)方(fang)高(gao)校(xiao)應用轉(zhuan)型發(fa)展、科研(yan)平臺建(jian)(jian)設(she)與(yu)(yu)學科內涵建(jian)(jian)設(she),以及提高(gao)專業應用型人才的培養水平、科技創新能力(li)(li)、服務地(di)方(fang)社會(hui)發(fa)展的能力(li)(li)等方(fang)面具有獨特作(zuo)用。筆(bi)者以陜西(xi)省(sheng)陜北絨山羊工(gong)程技術(shu)研(yan)究中為例,認為地(di)方(fang)高(gao)校(xiao)省(sheng)級(ji)工(gong)程技術(shu)研(yan)究中心應注(zhu)重(zhong)文(wen)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she),包括環境文(wen)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)、人文(wen)文(wen)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)和制(zhi)度文(wen)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she),并提出了具體的建(jian)(jian)設(she)方(fang)法與(yu)(yu)途徑。

參考文獻:

[1]陳國(guo)榮,施金(jin)良,許弟建,等.發揮工(gong)程技術研究中心對(dui)學(xue)科建設引領作(zuo)用(yong)的思(si)考(kao)[J].重慶(qing)科技學(xue)院學(xue)報(社會(hui)科學(xue)版),2012(01):187-188.

[2]教育部(bu).引導部(bu)分(fen)地方普通本科(ke)高校(xiao)向(xiang)應用型轉(zhuan)變的指(zhi)導意見[EB/OL]./srcsite/A03/moe_1892/moe_630/201511/t20151113_218942.htm,2015-10-23.

[3]黃守星,李利(li)娟.新建地方(fang)本科院校文化建設(she)重要性分析(xi)[J].職業時空(kong),2014,10(9):58-61.

[4]陳長喜.加速地方高校(xiao)人文社科(ke)科(ke)研發展的思考[J].中國高等教育(yu),2006(23):12-13.

[5]張紹巖.利用工程中心平臺資源提升(sheng)大學生(sheng)實踐與(yu)創(chuang)新能力(li)的(de)探索(suo)[J].學周刊b版,2014(10):221.

篇10

關鍵詞:高(gao)層建筑,室(shi)內,消(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程,設計

 

近年(nian)來,高層(ceng)建(jian)筑以具有中(zhong)上層(ceng)部位(wei)視線開闊,采(cai)光通(tong)風良好;建(jian)筑挺拔,建(jian)筑立(li)面造型(xing)與色(se)彩一(yi)般時(shi)尚、富于(yu)時(shi)代感和都市感;高容(rong)積率,節約土(tu)地資源等(deng)優點,在(zai)城市建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)呈逐年(nian)增(zeng)多的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。但(dan)是,高層(ceng)建(jian)筑存在(zai)防(fang)火要求高、火災撲救難等(deng)問(wen)(wen)題,解決好這些問(wen)(wen)題必須從建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)與施工的(de)(de)階段(duan)、從消防(fang)系統的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)階段(duan)就開始著手(shou)考(kao)慮(lv)。正確處理(li)建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)消防(fang)問(wen)(wen)題,直(zhi)接關系到(dao)人民的(de)(de)生命財(cai)產安全。下(xia)面結合某高層(ceng)建(jian)筑,談談室內消防(fang)工程的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。

1.工程概況

某工程由一(yi)棟(dong)高層綜合樓和一(yi)棟(dong)機械停車庫組成。規劃(hua)用(yong)地面積(ji)為3600m2,其中(zhong)綜合樓總建筑(zhu)面積(ji)22128.752m,其中(zhong)地下為3188.552m,建筑(zhu)檐口(女兒墻)高度73.50m;機械停車庫總面積(ji)320m2,高度6.0m。

綜合樓由地下二(er)層(ceng)設(she)備機(ji)房(fang)及庫(ku)房(fang)、地下一層(ceng)超市(shi)、地上一至二(er)層(ceng)商場、三(san)至四(si)層(ceng)辦公室及五層(ceng)至二(er)十三(san)層(ceng)住宅等四(si)部分組成(cheng);機(ji)械停車(che)庫(ku)為(wei)單層(ceng)建筑。論文參考網。

2.室內消(xiao)防工程(cheng)設(she)計(ji)

本工程(cheng)為綜合高(gao)層建筑,按一類建筑進(jin)行(xing)消火栓系(xi)統設計(ji)。自(zi)動噴水滅火系(xi)統,以(yi)商場(chang)為標準按中危險級Ⅱ級進(jin)行(xing)設計(ji)。

2.1消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)水源及(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)用(yong)水量。⑴消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)水源為(wei)(wei)本建筑內地下二層的消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)貯(zhu)水池(chi)。⑵火(huo)災持續時間:消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)栓系(xi)統為(wei)(wei)3h,自動噴水滅火(huo)系(xi)統為(wei)(wei)1h。⑶地下二層設有有效容(rong)積為(wei)(wei)V=540m3 消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)貯(zhu)水池(chi)一(yi)座,共分兩格,每格有效容(rong)積為(wei)(wei)V=270m3。完全滿足室內一(yi)次滅火(huo)用(yong)水量540m3的要(yao)求。水池(chi)為(wei)(wei)鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)土水池(chi)。

2.2室(shi)內(nei)(nei)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)滅(mie)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。⑴室(shi)內(nei)(nei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)臨時高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)滅(mie)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)與消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)池一起設(she)(she)在地(di)(di)下(xia)二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)泵(beng)(beng)房(fang)內(nei)(nei),共設(she)(she)2臺消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng),一用(yong)(yong)一備,互為(wei)備用(yong)(yong)。⑵消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道在豎向進(jin)行分區。地(di)(di)下(xia)二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)至(zhi)地(di)(di)上八層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)低區,地(di)(di)上九層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)至(zhi)二(er)(er)十三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)高(gao)區。保證(zheng)最(zui)低層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)處的(de)靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不大于0.8MPa。⑶建(jian)筑(zhu)物內(nei)(nei)各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均設(she)(she)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)進(jin)行保護。其布置保證(zheng)室(shi)內(nei)(nei)任何(he)一處均有(you)(you)2股水(shui)(shui)(shui)柱同(tong)時到達。滅(mie)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)槍(qiang)(qiang)的(de)充實(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)柱為(wei)10m。⑷個消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)均配置DN65mm消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)一個、DN65mm L25m麻質襯(chen)膠水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶一條,DN65×19mm直(zhi)(zhi)流水(shui)(shui)(shui)槍(qiang)(qiang)一支、啟(qi)動消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)按鈕(niu)和(he)(he)指示(shi)(shi)燈各(ge)一只;地(di)(di)下(xia)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、商場層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和(he)(he)辦公層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)再配置自救消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)卷盤一套。⑸下(xia)二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)至(zhi)地(di)(di)上二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)上九層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)至(zhi)地(di)(di)上十七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)。⑹火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)有(you)(you)3套消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)接合器,設(she)(she)在建(jian)筑(zhu)之外(wai)的(de)北側。論文參考網。⑺本建(jian)筑(zhu)物頂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設(she)(she)有(you)(you)高(gao)位消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)(xiang),有(you)(you)效容(rong)積(ji)18m3,材質為(wei)鍍鋅鋼板,安裝高(gao)度滿足最(zui)高(gao)處最(zui)不利點消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)處的(de)靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)7m水(shui)(shui)(shui)柱的(de)要求。⑻系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。①消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)由(you)設(she)(she)在各(ge)個消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)泵(beng)(beng)啟(qi)泵(beng)(beng)按鈕(niu)和(he)(he)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中心(xin)直(zhi)(zhi)接開啟(qi)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)。消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)開啟(qi)后,水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)運轉信號反饋至(zhi)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中心(xin)和(he)(he)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)處。該消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)和(he)(he)該層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)或防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)分區內(nei)(nei)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)的(de)指示(shi)(shi)燈亮。②消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)在泵(beng)(beng)房(fang)內(nei)(nei)和(he)(he)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中心(xin)均設(she)(she)手動開啟(qi)和(he)(he)停泵(beng)(beng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)裝置。③消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)備用(yong)(yong)泵(beng)(beng)在工(gong)作泵(beng)(beng)發生故障時自動投入工(gong)作。⑼管(guan)(guan)(guan)材。①室(shi)內(nei)(nei)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熱(re)鍍鋅鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)或內(nei)(nei)壁噴塑(su)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan),絲扣及(ji)(ji)溝槽(cao)式卡箍連接。工(gong)作壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力為(wei)1.6MPa。②屋頂水(shui)(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)(xiang)間及(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)下(xia)二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)(shuan)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)(xiang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)電伴熱(re)泡沫橡(xiang)塑(su)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼及(ji)(ji)泡沫橡(xiang)塑(su)板進(jin)行保溫。

2.3自動(dong)噴水滅(mie)火系統。

2.3.1保護范圍。⑴除住(zhu)宅、公共衛生(sheng)間、空(kong)調(diao)機房(fang)(fang)、泵(beng)房(fang)(fang)和電氣用房(fang)(fang)不設噴灑頭(tou)外(wai),其余部分均設噴灑頭(tou)保護。⑵高層綜合(he)樓內采用濕式自動噴水(shui)滅(mie)火系統,機械停車庫采用預(yu)作用式自動噴水(shui)滅(mie)火系統。

2.3.2設(she)計(ji)參數。⑴商(shang)(shang)場(chang)均(jun)按中危險Ⅱ級(ji)設(she)計(ji);辦公(gong)樓層(ceng)(ceng)按中危險Ⅰ級(ji)設(she)計(ji)。⑵噴(pen)水(shui)(shui)強(qiang)度:商(shang)(shang)場(chang)8L/min·m2,辦公(gong)樓層(ceng)(ceng)6L/min·m2;作用(yong)面積:160m2;持(chi)續噴(pen)水(shui)(shui)時間:1h;最(zui)不利(li)點(dian)噴(pen)灑(sa)頭工作壓(ya)力0.1MPa。⑶系(xi)統設(she)計(ji)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)量按商(shang)(shang)場(chang)28L/s計(ji),設(she)計(ji)取30L/s。

2.3.3系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)計。⑴本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)豎向(xiang)不分區(qu)(qu)。⑵本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)高層綜(zong)合(he)樓地(di)面層(±0.000m)管道井內設(she)(she)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)濕(shi)式(shi)(shi)報(bao)警閥(fa)(fa),擔(dan)(dan)負(fu)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)頭(tou)不超過800個(ge)。⑶本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)機械停車(che)庫值班室(shi)設(she)(she)預作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)報(bao)警閥(fa)(fa)一(yi)(yi)組(zu),供停車(che)庫使用(yong),擔(dan)(dan)負(fu)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)數(shu)不超過800個(ge)。⑷噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)頭(tou):商(shang)場、辦公層采用(yong)DN15下垂式(shi)(shi)玻(bo)璃球(qiu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)頭(tou),動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)溫度為68℃、K=80;機械停車(che)庫采用(yong)DN15帶(dai)保護網直立式(shi)(shi)玻(bo)璃球(qiu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)頭(tou),動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)溫度為68℃、K=80。⑸自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)每個(ge)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)分區(qu)(qu)或(huo)每層均設(she)(she)信號閥(fa)(fa)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流指示器(qi)。⑹自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)二(er)臺消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)加壓(ya)泵(beng)(beng),貯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)與消(xiao)火(huo)栓(shuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)建(jian),位(wei)于地(di)下二(er)層水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)房內。二(er)臺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)為一(yi)(yi)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)備(bei),互為備(bei)用(yong)。⑺自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)共設(she)(she)二(er)套(tao)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)接合(he)器(qi),供消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)車(che)從室(shi)外消(xiao)火(huo)栓(shuan)取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)向(xiang)室(shi)內自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。⑻自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)平時由屋(wu)頂(ding)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱設(she)(she)專用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管至報(bao)警閥(fa)(fa)前供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管,保證系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)壓(ya)力。發生火(huo)災(zai)時由給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)加壓(ya)泵(beng)(beng)從水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)加壓(ya)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。⑼機械停車(che)庫預作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滅(mie)火(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)按系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)充水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時間≤2min即轉(zhuan)變為濕(shi)式(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)計。⑽為了保證系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)安全可靠,每個(ge)報(bao)警閥(fa)(fa)組(zu)的(de)最不利噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)處設(she)(she)末端試(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)裝置,其它防(fang)(fang)火(huo)分區(qu)(qu)和各(ge)樓層的(de)最不利噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)處,均設(she)(she)DN25mm試(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閥(fa)(fa)。論文參考網。

2.3.5管(guan)(guan)(guan)材。⑴室內(nei)(nei)自動噴水(shui)(shui)(shui)滅(mie)火系統給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)熱鍍鋅鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)。DN≤100mm者采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)絲扣連接(jie),DN>100mm者采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溝槽式卡箍連接(jie)。屋頂水(shui)(shui)(shui)箱間(jian)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)厚度為50mm的(de)泡沫橡(xiang)塑(su)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼電伴熱保(bao)溫。⑵室外埋(mai)地管(guan)(guan)(guan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)內(nei)(nei)壁噴塑(su)外壁涂石油瀝青球墨鑄鐵給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan),橡(xiang)膠圈接(jie)口。⑶全部管(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)工作壓(ya)力均為1.6MPa。

2.4消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)。⑴消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)電梯(ti)坑底的側(ce)面設(she)有(you)集(ji)水(shui)(shui)坑,坑內(nei)設(she)2臺消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)泵排(pai)除(chu)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)。集(ji)水(shui)(shui)坑有(you)效容(rong)積3.6m3,潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)泵抽水(shui)(shui)量(liang)12L/s,均滿足(zu)規(gui)范要求。⑵自動(dong)噴水(shui)(shui)滅火系統消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui),利用地下二層(ceng)其余廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)泵坑進行排(pai)水(shui)(shui)。

2.5移(yi)動式(shi)(shi)滅火(huo)裝置(zhi)。⑴變配電(dian)用(yong)房內按(an)中(zhong)危險級(ji)設推(tui)車式(shi)(shi)磷酸銨鹽(yan)(yan)干粉(fen)滅火(huo)器(qi)。⑵空(kong)調機房、庫房及商場(chang)、辦公層(ceng)和住宅(zhai)走廊的適當(dang)位置(zhi)均按(an)中(zhong)危險級(ji)設手(shou)提式(shi)(shi)磷酸銨鹽(yan)(yan)干粉(fen)式(shi)(shi)滅火(huo)器(qi)。⑶機械停(ting)車庫在(zai)適當(dang)位置(zhi)配置(zhi)手(shou)提式(shi)(shi)磷酸銨鹽(yan)(yan)干粉(fen)滅火(huo)器(qi)。

參考文獻:

[1]韓秀(xiu)玲.高層建筑(zhu)消防給水系統探討[J].煤(mei),2010,(03):63-65.

[2]張旭.高層商住樓消防給水系統(tong)設計安(an)裝存在的問題分(fen)析[J].建筑安(an)全,2010,(02):51-52.