導語：智慧林業在森林資源管控(kong)的使用(yong)一(yi)文來源于網友上傳，不代表本站觀點，若(ruo)需要原創(chuang)文章可(ke)咨詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：森林作為我國最重要的生態資源，其管控質量是確保林業經濟發展的重要基礎，能給生態修復提供源源不斷的動力。而智慧林業通過利用互聯網技術優勢，管控森林資源，真正實(shi)現(xian)(xian)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)化森林資(zi)源管控，讓森林資(zi)源管控向(xiang)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)林業(ye)方向(xiang)發展(zhan)，有利于(yu)推動(dong)林業(ye)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)可(ke)持(chi)(chi)續(xu)發展(zhan)，從(cong)而提高林業(ye)經濟效(xiao)益。基于(yu)此，以智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)林業(ye)發展(zhan)背景為基礎，探究(jiu)目前智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)林業(ye)發展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)狀，進而發現(xian)(xian)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)林業(ye)在(zai)森林資(zi)源管控中的具(ju)體應用，針對具(ju)體內容(rong)采(cai)取(qu)相關措施確保智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)(hui)林業(ye)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)可(ke)持(chi)(chi)續(xu)發展(zhan)。

關鍵詞：智慧(hui)林業；森(sen)林資源管控；應用

自(zi)從2016年我國政府部門(men)頒布《互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行動計(ji)劃》后，森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)控(kong)中廣(guang)泛應用智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模式，給林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)水平帶來(lai)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)突破。具(ju)體(ti)(ti)而言，互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主要包括云計(ji)算、量(liang)子通信技術(shu)(shu)、互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)等新(xin)型(xing)信息技術(shu)(shu)，通過合理(li)(li)利(li)用網(wang)(wang)格化(hua)、數據化(hua)等方式實現(xian)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)多維(wei)管(guan)理(li)(li)，尤其在森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護備受關注的(de)(de)(de)背景下(xia)，智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已成(cheng)為(wei)現(xian)代林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)必然趨勢。同時，智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結合最先進的(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)規(gui)范(fan)和技術(shu)(shu)標(biao)準，形(xing)成(cheng)一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)運(yun)行模式，充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮服(fu)(fu)務(wu)便(bian)捷、協同管(guan)理(li)(li)、生(sheng)態價值等體(ti)(ti)系(xi)作用，從不同方面(mian)控(kong)制各種林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，推動林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)政務(wu)系(xi)統實現(xian)可持續發(fa)展，加強林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)筑管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)科學性，有效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)管(guan)理(li)(li)成(cheng)本(ben)，通過健全的(de)(de)(de)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)提(ti)升林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)民(min)生(sheng)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)。可見，智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是實現(xian)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)協調發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)有利(li)方式，對提(ti)高社(she)會(hui)效(xiao)益、生(sheng)態效(xiao)益、經濟效(xiao)益具(ju)有至(zhi)關重要的(de)(de)(de)作用[1]。

1智慧林業管理概述

近(jin)年來(lai)，傳(chuan)統林(lin)(lin)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)往往需要耗(hao)費大(da)量的時間和精(jing)力(li)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)水平差距十分(fen)明顯且效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率較低，無法發揮其(qi)真正(zheng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)信息化時代背景下，傳(chuan)統林(lin)(lin)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)暴露(lu)的問題越來(lai)越多，我(wo)國政府急需創新林(lin)(lin)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模式。因此，智慧林(lin)(lin)業(ye)應運(yun)而生(sheng)(sheng)，其(qi)是(shi)以(yi)互聯(lian)網技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、大(da)數據技(ji)(ji)術(shu)為基礎(chu)，深度(du)融合互聯(lian)網技(ji)(ji)術(shu)和傳(chuan)統林(lin)(lin)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，形(xing)成全新的林(lin)(lin)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模式，管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)各方面資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，如森(sen)林(lin)(lin)調查、森(sen)林(lin)(lin)防火、森(sen)林(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)等，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)保護生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣化。總而言之(zhi)，智慧林(lin)(lin)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)在(zai)整個林(lin)(lin)業(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)中至關重(zhong)要，是(shi)實(shi)現(xian)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)現(xian)代建設(she)的重(zhong)要環節，給林(lin)(lin)業(ye)可持續發展提供源(yuan)源(yuan)不斷的能量，促進林(lin)(lin)業(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)產生(sheng)(sheng)巨大(da)的社會效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益和經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益，給林(lin)(lin)業(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)提供有(you)力(li)支(zhi)持（見圖1）[2]。

2智慧林業在林業管理中的應用

2.1在林業(ye)檢測(ce)中的應用(yong)

傳統(tong)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)通(tong)常要浪費大量時間和精力，且管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)效率較低，無法給(gei)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)資源(yuan)提供最優質的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。隨著社會經(jing)濟不(bu)斷發展(zhan)，傳統(tong)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)出現(xian)大量問題，所以(yi)創新(xin)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式成(cheng)為目前(qian)政府(fu)部門亟(ji)待解決的問題。智慧林(lin)(lin)(lin)業逐(zhu)漸被應(ying)用到林(lin)(lin)(lin)業檢測管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方面，其所涉及(ji)的應(ying)用范圍較廣，可(ke)通(tong)過安(an)裝(zhuang)電子標簽(qian)進一步分(fen)析樹(shu)木的基礎數據(ju)(ju)，如(ru)樹(shu)高(gao)、樹(shu)齡等數據(ju)(ju)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)時監(jian)控林(lin)(lin)(lin)地的溫度和濕度，有利于記(ji)錄樹(shu)木的生長環境，嚴格控制樹(shu)木汲取(qu)營養，確保(bao)樹(shu)木能實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)健康(kang)生長。因此(ci)，智慧林(lin)(lin)(lin)業對檢測林(lin)(lin)(lin)業實(shi)(shi)(shi)際情況具(ju)有至關重(zhong)要的作用，不(bu)僅能確保(bao)信息(xi)記(ji)錄的準確性，還(huan)能實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)數據(ju)(ju)可(ke)視(shi)化(hua)，有利于精準分(fen)析森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)資源(yuan)[3]。

2.2在森林防(fang)火中(zhong)的應用(yong)

近年來，隨著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)社會經濟不(bu)斷發展(zhan)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)政府(fu)愈(yu)發提(ti)高對森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)控的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視程度(du)，在結合(he)國(guo)內(nei)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理情(qing)況(kuang)后(hou)，頒布了《互聯(lian)網森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)行動計(ji)劃》，在互聯(lian)網計(ji)劃中明(ming)(ming)(ming)確將(jiang)互聯(lian)網森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)模(mo)式(shi)和(he)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)控相結合(he)，在森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理中應(ying)用信息(xi)技術，進一步提(ti)高森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)信息(xi)化管(guan)(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)和(he)效率，全(quan)(quan)(quan)方位(wei)保護森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)。森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)防(fang)火(huo)(huo)是提(ti)升森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)性的(de)(de)(de)主要渠道，而智(zhi)慧(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)是森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)防(fang)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)基礎。因(yin)此(ci)，應(ying)加(jia)強對智(zhi)慧(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視程度(du)，結合(he)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)實際情(qing)況(kuang)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)檢測設備(bei)(bei)，實時(shi)控制不(bu)同(tong)領域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)數據，如(ru)溫度(du)、風向、濕度(du)等，并根據不(bu)同(tong)因(yin)素提(ti)前(qian)進行森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)防(fang)火(huo)(huo)，也(ye)可利(li)用互聯(lian)網技術普及周圍地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)防(fang)火(huo)(huo)知(zhi)識，避免由于外在因(yin)素嚴重(zhong)影響森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。如(ru)三(san)明(ming)(ming)(ming)市(shi)(shi)作為我(wo)(wo)國(guo)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)火(huo)(huo)災常發地區(qu)，被林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)局規劃的(de)(de)(de)森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)火(huo)(huo)災重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)治理區(qu)域(yu)(yu)有20多個，據2020年森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)年最新數據顯示，三(san)明(ming)(ming)(ming)市(shi)(shi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)總用土地面(mian)(mian)積為190萬hm2，占土地總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)82.7%，森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率78.73%，森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)蓄積量1.86億m3，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)山(shan)山(shan)相連(lian)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)內(nei)可燃(ran)物(wu)大量增加(jia)，部分(fen)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)甚至高達50～60t/hm2。此(ci)外，三(san)明(ming)(ming)(ming)市(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)馬尾(wei)松、杉木為主的(de)(de)(de)針葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)積約(yue)(yue)占林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)分(fen)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)80%，其(qi)中中幼(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)積約(yue)(yue)占40%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，這些林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)分(fen)著火(huo)(huo)點(dian)(dian)低，容易發生森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)火(huo)(huo)災。構建“智(zhi)慧(hui)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)”平(ping)臺進行監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)，及時(shi)、準確掌握監(jian)(jian)(jian)控區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)火(huo)(huo)動態，以(yi)(yi)數字設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控方式(shi)，通(tong)過微(wei)波或通(tong)信網絡將(jiang)遠端的(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)畫面(mian)(mian)傳(chuan)到森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)防(fang)火(huo)(huo)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控指揮中心，利(li)用GIS（地理信息(xi)系統）定位(wei)發生的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)情(qing)、火(huo)(huo)警區(qu)域(yu)(yu)，有效提(ti)高森(sen)(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)防(fang)火(huo)(huo)工作的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)（見圖2）。

2.3在森(sen)林病蟲害監測中的應(ying)用

智慧林業(ye)模(mo)式能(neng)(neng)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)監測出(chu)產(chan)生(sheng)森林病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)因素(su)，確(que)保工作(zuo)人員及時采取(qu)防(fang)范措施(shi)(shi)。無法(fa)人為(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)森林病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)問題(ti)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)及時通(tong)知林業(ye)管理部(bu)門，做好預(yu)防(fang)措施(shi)(shi)，有效(xiao)降低人工工作(zuo)量(liang)，避免給森林帶來巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)傷害(hai)(hai)[4]。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際工程(cheng)應(ying)用(yong)中，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)智能(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)(she)計靶(ba)(ba)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)機(ji)(ji)軟件(jian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)模(mo)塊化設(she)(she)(she)計，得(de)(de)到數(shu)據獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)、數(shu)據處(chu)理和(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)執行3個構(gou)(gou)件(jian)，利用(yong)定(ding)義標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)接口(kou)實(shi)現構(gou)(gou)件(jian)間的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信。利用(yong)數(shu)據獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)目標(biao)樹木(mu)(mu)靶(ba)(ba)標(biao)等信息(xi)，在(zai)(zai)計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)中以(yi)(yi)(yi)二進(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)形式保存(cun)(cun)。采用(yong)單目電荷耦(ou)合圖像(xiang)(xiang)采集器，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)(de)豐富數(shu)據信息(xi)。在(zai)(zai)數(shu)據處(chu)理方面(mian)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將數(shu)據圖像(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)256色(se)存(cun)(cun)儲，去除多(duo)余噪聲，實(shi)現信息(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)隔處(chu)理，分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)目標(biao)圖像(xiang)(xiang)與背景圖像(xiang)(xiang)。采用(yong)實(shi)時性較強的(de)(de)(de)色(se)彩因子樹木(mu)(mu)圖像(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)隔算(suan)法(fa)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足條件(jian)下(xia)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)得(de)(de)到施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)目標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)征值，以(yi)(yi)(yi)便做到精(jing)確(que)對靶(ba)(ba)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)。利用(yong)處(chu)理得(de)(de)到的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)執行構(gou)(gou)件(jian)并制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)決策，根據樹木(mu)(mu)特(te)征值完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信息(xi)辨(bian)別，加強智能(neng)(neng)變量(liang)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)下(xia)位機(ji)(ji)中安裝系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，設(she)(she)(she)置噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置通(tong)信接口(kou)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發送控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)指令控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。實(shi)現軟件(jian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)計，利用(yong)不同模(mo)塊實(shi)現不同功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，然后組裝成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)一個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)利用(yong)相應(ying)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)實(shi)現系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。在(zai)(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)界(jie)面(mian)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)結合工程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)需(xu)(xu)求展開分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)，在(zai)(zai)應(ying)用(yong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)界(jie)面(mian)。在(zai)(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)擁有新的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)需(xu)(xu)求時，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)新構(gou)(gou)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)開發，然后通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擴充(chong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。應(ying)用(yong)設(she)(she)(she)計出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)防(fang)治森林病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)精(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)噴(pen)灑農藥(yao)(yao)高效(xiao)利用(yong)農藥(yao)(yao)，達到有效(xiao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，繼而滿足林業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。

2.4在林業工(gong)程建設中的應用

隨著生態建設(she)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不斷深(shen)入(ru)，林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)得(de)到巨大發(fa)(fa)展，顯著提高了(le)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)規模和質量(liang)(liang)，但目(mu)前仍然存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)些問題，其中(zhong)最主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是各地區的(de)(de)(de)種類搭配不合(he)理(li)(li)(li)，分(fen)散經(jing)營、技術(shu)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)較落后(hou)等。因此，在(zai)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作物的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)加(jia)(jia)強對林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)重視程(cheng)度，建設(she)大量(liang)(liang)健康(kang)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，如(ru)長江防護工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、退耕還林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)等，結合(he)智慧林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)和最新(xin)技術(shu)，推(tui)動(dong)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)現可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展，從而滿足林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展要(yao)求(qiu)。其主要(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是通過(guo)多樣手(shou)段控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)進(jin)程(cheng)，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)班造林(lin)(lin)模式(shi)將監督目(mu)標分(fen)為無數監測(ce)單位(wei)，再分(fen)別儲存(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開始時間(jian)、造林(lin)(lin)密度、名稱(cheng)等數據(ju)信息。再通過(guo)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)感器檢測(ce)不同的(de)(de)(de)環境因素，確(que)保造林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學性(xing)，完善數據(ju)庫，給造林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)提供各種數據(ju)資源[5]。在(zai)智能控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)上，需將彎(wan)曲機械(xie)手(shou)作為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)對象(xiang)，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)位(wei)速度傳(chuan)感器檢測(ce)對象(xiang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)速度，轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)壓信號后(hou)比較設(she)定值，可以根據(ju)偏(pian)差完成(cheng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)計算(suan)(suan)和輸出(chu)。在(zai)偏(pian)差計算(suan)(suan)方面，需要(yao)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)神(shen)經(jing)網絡算(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)開展訓練(lian)，模擬(ni)人腦智能特點(dian)，通過(guo)自(zi)學解決高度非線(xian)性(xing)和不確(que)定系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)問題。針(zhen)對在(zai)線(xian)監測(ce)對象(xiang)輸出(chu)值和期望輸出(chu)值，需要(yao)形成(cheng)閉環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)適應控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器采用(yong)(yong)(yong)單神(shen)經(jing)元控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)，運用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)適應控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)實(shi)現參數調(diao)節(jie)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。加(jia)(jia)入(ru)專(zhuan)家(jia)系(xi)統，能夠(gou)根據(ju)被控(kong)(kong)(kong)對象(xiang)變(bian)化(hua)特征修正控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，減(jian)小(xiao)輸出(chu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)超調(diao)。專(zhuan)家(jia)系(xi)統由(you)知(zhi)識庫推(tui)理(li)(li)(li)機構控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)構成(cheng)，能夠(gou)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)家(jia)知(zhi)識進(jin)行推(tui)理(li)(li)(li)，解決領域(yu)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題。在(zai)調(diao)節(jie)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)彎(wan)曲機械(xie)手(shou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)量(liang)(liang)時，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)智能控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)完成(cheng)偏(pian)差控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)后(hou)，可以利用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)機控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)步進(jin)電(dian)機脈沖頻(pin)率，實(shi)現電(dian)機轉(zhuan)速的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節(jie)，使機械(xie)手(shou)運動(dong)接近給定值要(yao)求(qiu)，達(da)到木(mu)材加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)求(qiu)。

3優化智慧林業發展質量措施

3.1構建健(jian)全的(de)基礎設施體系

在信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)時(shi)代背景(jing)下，利用(yong)GIS的(de)(de)(de)技術網(wang)絡數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫功能(neng)(neng)，構(gou)建各(ge)種林(lin)業(ye)(ye)專題數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫，逐漸(jian)實(shi)現對林(lin)業(ye)(ye)圖形(xing)編輯(ji)、空間數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)管理(li)、GIS客(ke)戶端(duan)，并科學設計RS影像數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)提(ti)取功能(neng)(neng)、GPS測(ce)(ce)量(liang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)功能(neng)(neng)，確保林(lin)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)資(zi)源和產業(ye)(ye)鏈條有效融合(he)，構(gou)建集成采集、管理(li)下載、發布等功能(neng)(neng)為(wei)一體的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)體系，加強(qiang)(qiang)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)整(zheng)(zheng)合(he)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，充分發揮林(lin)業(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫功能(neng)(neng)性(xing)和整(zheng)(zheng)體性(xing)，全(quan)方面(mian)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)工程，不僅能(neng)(neng)包涵政府開放的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)化(hua)管理(li)體系，還能(neng)(neng)充分反(fan)饋(kui)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)應(ying)用(yong)參與密實(shi)，并提(ti)供專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)反(fan)饋(kui)渠(qu)道，實(shi)現多(duo)維度、多(duo)層次的(de)(de)(de)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)資(zi)源共(gong)享，從而加強(qiang)(qiang)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)部門對信(xin)(xin)息(xi)資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)管理(li)，加強(qiang)(qiang)對其合(he)理(li)應(ying)用(yong)。

3.2落實數據信息采集(ji)優化

拓展(zhan)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)渠道，合(he)(he)理利(li)用(yong)多樣化(hua)手(shou)段，如業(ye)務(wu)辦理、實(shi)地考(kao)察、行(xing)政審批等方式，及(ji)(ji)時收集(ji)并更新(xin)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)數據信(xin)(xin)息(xi)，合(he)(he)理布(bu)置信(xin)(xin)息(xi)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)坐標圖(tu)，設(she)置大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)充分激發(fa)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性，加(jia)強信(xin)(xin)息(xi)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)隊(dui)伍(wu)考(kao)核、培(pei)養、選拔等方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)能力；定期采(cai)(cai)集(ji)相關管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)，豐富(fu)其專業(ye)知(zhi)識深度，有(you)利(li)于(yu)管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)準(zhun)確識別有(you)利(li)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)，將正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)錄入數據庫(ku)。同(tong)時，實(shi)施監督林(lin)(lin)業(ye)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)情況，及(ji)(ji)時更新(xin)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)數據資源(yuan)，發(fa)現數據中隱(yin)藏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，定期開(kai)發(fa)端口(kou)給社(she)會人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)訪問(wen)，虛心接受群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反饋(kui)和(he)意見，為規范全省林(lin)(lin)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)建設(she)，加(jia)大林(lin)(lin)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)工作，根據福建省的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)情，制定適合(he)(he)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向。

4結語

綜(zong)上所述，智慧(hui)(hui)林業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)已逐漸成(cheng)為林業(ye)(ye)未來管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)必然趨勢，它(ta)具有及時性、準確(que)性等優勢，給(gei)林業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)帶來非常(chang)重要的(de)(de)作用。同時，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)智慧(hui)(hui)林業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)中，要創新信息化理(li)(li)念，不斷給(gei)林業(ye)(ye)可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)確(que)定新思路，充分帶動林業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)腳步和方向，實現社會經(jing)濟效益和生態(tai)效益雙贏。但由于我國(guo)智慧(hui)(hui)林業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模(mo)式在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內運行時間較(jiao)短，很多(duo)方面(mian)仍處于初級階(jie)段，需要林業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)部(bu)門大(da)力支持，加強對智慧(hui)(hui)林業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)力度，加大(da)林業(ye)(ye)政策的(de)(de)宣傳范圍，構建健全的(de)(de)保障機(ji)制，為智慧(hui)(hui)林業(ye)(ye)可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)打下堅(jian)實基礎(chu)，進而有效提高林業(ye)(ye)資源維護水平。

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作者：丁旭歡 單位：福建(jian)省林業勘察(cha)設計院