1在四川(chuan)地(di)區(qu)推廣的難度分析

1.1自(zi)然(ran)環(huan)境惡(e)劣由于歷史(shi)原因(yin)，四川地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)位于自(zi)然(ran)環(huan)境惡(e)劣的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)帶，自(zi)然(ran)災害(hai)頻發(fa)。四川地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)貌特(te)征多(duo)以山地(di)(di)(di)、高山、高原為主，由于如此復雜的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)形，導(dao)致其水土流失嚴重(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)僅制約了畜牧業的(de)(de)發(fa)展，而且經常出現(xian)局部(bu)沙塵等(deng)惡(e)劣天氣。特(te)殊的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)形還經常引(yin)發(fa)地(di)(di)(di)震災害(hai)和冰雹、雷電、大風(feng)、暴風(feng)雪(xue)等(deng)氣象災害(hai)以及泥石流等(deng)衍生災害(hai)。這(zhe)不(bu)僅是四川地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)貧困形成(cheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)原因(yin)，也(ye)是其發(fa)展新型現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業必須突破的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)難題。

1.2農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基(ji)礎建(jian)(jian)設薄(bo)弱，環(huan)(huan)境(jing)污染較為嚴(yan)重(zhong)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基(ji)礎設施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設薄(bo)弱，污染環(huan)(huan)境(jing)比較嚴(yan)重(zhong)。其(qi)主要表現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)：四(si)川地(di)區(qu)(qu)大(da)部分地(di)方處(chu)在(zai)邊遠山區(qu)(qu)，基(ji)礎設施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設難度大(da)，導致交通不便、信息不靈，致使農(nong)(nong)民對新型現(xian)(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)技術知識的(de)(de)匱乏，阻(zu)礙了推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)化的(de)(de)步伐；在(zai)這(zhe)些貧困地(di)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)機械(xie)化程度低(di)，牛(niu)耕作業(ye)普遍；同(tong)時，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)污染較為嚴(yan)重(zhong)，如許多農(nong)(nong)戶沒有用上衛生廁所；農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)衛生院設施(shi)條(tiao)件普遍較差。這(zhe)些問題都嚴(yan)重(zhong)制約著四(si)川地(di)區(qu)(qu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化農(nong)(nong)業(ye)技術的(de)(de)發展。

1.3農(nong)民綜(zong)合(he)素質(zhi)較低(di)由(you)于(yu)歷史原因，四(si)川(chuan)地區的(de)(de)文盲(mang)和(he)半(ban)文盲(mang)基(ji)本上集中在農(nong)村(cun)(cun)，這些人(ren)接(jie)受科技知識和(he)應用技術的(de)(de)能力(li)很差，綜(zong)合(he)素質(zhi)發(fa)展進程比全國(guo)水(shui)平(ping)落(luo)后好幾年(nian)。近幾年(nian)四(si)川(chuan)地區的(de)(de)農(nong)民雖然人(ren)均純收入(ru)有所提高，但(dan)其收入(ru)水(shui)平(ping)比城鎮居民相差甚(shen)遠(yuan)。由(you)于(yu)農(nong)民收入(ru)水(shui)平(ping)低(di)，有限財力(li)難以(yi)支撐經濟(ji)社會發(fa)展需求，致使經濟(ji)增長緩慢，嚴重制約了(le)農(nong)業生(sheng)產的(de)(de)發(fa)展和(he)農(nong)民生(sheng)活水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)提高。由(you)此可(ke)見(jian)，農(nong)民綜(zong)合(he)素質(zhi)低(di)導(dao)致經濟(ji)發(fa)展速度緩慢是(shi)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)展現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業的(de)(de)主要(yao)障礙。

1.4農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)受(shou)教育(yu)程(cheng)度低，觀(guan)念落(luo)后(hou)由于歷史原因(yin)(yin)、近似封(feng)(feng)閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)環境、習(xi)俗文(wen)化以及一(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)其(qi)他因(yin)(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，致使一(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)綜合素(su)質相對較(jiao)(jiao)低，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)保留著封(feng)(feng)閉(bi)生活(huo)傳(chuan)統(tong)和方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)對現(xian)代(dai)科學(xue)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)接受(shou)需要一(yi)個較(jiao)(jiao)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)適應過程(cheng)。四(si)川地區由于農(nong)(nong)村大(da)量身強(qiang)體壯和有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高文(wen)化素(su)質的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)外出打工，而留守人(ren)員大(da)都(dou)是文(wen)盲(mang)、半文(wen)盲(mang)以及一(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)沒(mei)有(you)勞動能力的(de)(de)(de)老人(ren)、孩子，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)人(ren)知識缺乏，種田不科學(xue)。這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)低素(su)質的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)群成為影(ying)響新型現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)發展的(de)(de)(de)首要制約因(yin)(yin)素(su)。由于受(shou)教育(yu)程(cheng)度低的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)，農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)思想(xiang)保守，觀(guan)念封(feng)(feng)閉(bi)導(dao)致這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)人(ren)排(pai)斥新型的(de)(de)(de)、先進的(de)(de)(de)、科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)推廣知識和信息。

1.5政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)扶持力(li)度(du)不(bu)夠，“三(san)(san)農(nong)”投(tou)入(ru)嚴(yan)(yan)重不(bu)足對于四川地區而言，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)型現代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)業技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)障(zhang)礙是各級黨政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)領導同志對現代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)業技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)認識不(bu)到位(wei)。四川地區政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)對農(nong)村(cun)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施建設投(tou)入(ru)成負增長，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)在制定農(nong)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)戰略(lve)和(he)提供配套設施等方面(mian)工作進展(zhan)速(su)度(du)遠(yuan)(yuan)遠(yuan)(yuan)跟不(bu)上新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)還(huan)在補充、修改和(he)完善農(nong)業政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策和(he)規章制度(du)等方面(mian)投(tou)入(ru)進展(zhan)緩慢。雖然每年都有少量的(de)(de)(de)資金投(tou)入(ru)，但相對農(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求來說，資金投(tou)入(ru)嚴(yan)(yan)重不(bu)足，基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施嚴(yan)(yan)重落后，在偏遠(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)村(cun)則尤為突出。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)在“三(san)(san)農(nong)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策中投(tou)入(ru)力(li)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足間接的(de)(de)(de)制約了四川地區在新(xin)型現代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)業技術(shu)推(tui)廣。

一、培育(yu)新型農(nong)業經(jing)營主(zhu)體是發展現代農(nong)業的核心和(he)基(ji)礎

之(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)說培育(yu)(yu)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)基礎(chu)(chu)(chu)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)特(te)(te)征(zheng)決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)廣泛應(ying)用現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)科學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術、現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資料和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)科學(xue)管理方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)特(te)(te)征(zheng)包括以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)面：一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)導(dao)向(xiang)，調整農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)，不(bu)斷(duan)滿足人們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質需求(qiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)需求(qiu)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)約化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。由過去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗放化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、兼業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)向(xiang)機(ji)(ji)械化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、良種(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)融(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。組(zu)建龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，架(jia)起市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器體(ti)(ti)系(xi)基本形成并廣泛得到(dao)應(ying)用，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自控(kong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，電(dian)子、激光、遙感技(ji)(ji)術及人造衛星技(ji)(ji)術也(ye)逐漸運用于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。［1］概括說，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)征(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)約化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、信息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。從五(wu)個(ge)(ge)特(te)(te)征(zheng)來看，要(yao)(yao)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，需要(yao)(yao)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)這個(ge)(ge)核心和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)基礎(chu)(chu)(chu)，沒有(you)(you)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)這個(ge)(ge)核心和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)基礎(chu)(chu)(chu)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)科學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術、現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)科學(xue)管理方(fang)法、現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工具就不(bu)能真(zhen)正在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中發(fa)(fa)揮作用，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)約化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、信息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)就不(bu)可能實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。在這里，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)在家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)承(cheng)包經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)制度下(xia)(xia)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)規(gui)模(mo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)約化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度高、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競(jing)爭力(li)(li)(li)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)組(zu)織(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)戶(hu)、家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)合(he)(he)(he)作經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟組(zu)織(zhi)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等。［2］從我(wo)國(guo)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)階段農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)情況看，我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)從傳統(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跨(kua)越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)階段，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)由傳統(tong)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)向(xiang)社(she)會化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)轉(zhuan)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)階段。而(er)(er)(er)(er)我(wo)們(men)(men)與(yu)之(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)適應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)卻發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)不(bu)健全(quan)。特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近些(xie)年(nian)來，隨著(zhu)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)快(kuai)(kuai)速推(tui)進(jin)(jin)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)青壯年(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村勞動力(li)(li)(li)向(xiang)外(wai)轉(zhuan)移，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村常住人口(kou)(kou)中老人、兒(er)童(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)上升(sheng)，人們(men)(men)戲稱從事農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)部隊是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)386199部隊。國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)第二次(ci)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人口(kou)(kou)普查顯示，2006年(nian)末，以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人員中，年(nian)齡41—50歲(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人口(kou)(kou)占(zhan)(zhan)23．1％，而(er)(er)(er)(er)51歲(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)32．5％。與(yu)1996年(nian)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人口(kou)(kou)普查數據相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)，當時(shi)51歲(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人口(kou)(kou)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)18．11％，相(xiang)(xiang)當于(yu)此后(hou)年(nian)均增加(jia)(jia)(jia)1．44個(ge)(ge)百分點。51—60歲(sui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人口(kou)(kou)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)在第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)普查時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10．81％，第二次(ci)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)普查時(shi)則上升(sheng)至21．3％。可見，我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)勞動力(li)(li)(li)老齡化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)趨勢已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)顯現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)后(hou)繼乏人問(wen)題日(ri)益凸顯，今后(hou)“誰來種(zhong)(zhong)地”、“地怎么(me)(me)種(zhong)(zhong)”“產(chan)(chan)(chan)品怎么(me)(me)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工銷售”，日(ri)益成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)而(er)(er)(er)(er)緊迫(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課題，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)不(bu)健全(quan)，已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)嚴重(zhong)制約了(le)(le)(le)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)，在這樣一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)新(xin)(xin)階段，要(yao)(yao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)這兩大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，要(yao)(yao)解決“誰來種(zhong)(zhong)地”、“地怎么(me)(me)種(zhong)(zhong)”“產(chan)(chan)(chan)品怎么(me)(me)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工銷售”問(wen)題，就必須加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)培育(yu)(yu)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)戶(hu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)多是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從傳統(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)中脫穎(ying)而(er)(er)(er)(er)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。傳統(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)追求(qiu)維持(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)計，而(er)(er)(er)(er)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)戶(hu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)則能充分地進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，并利用一(yi)(yi)(yi)切可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇使(shi)報酬(chou)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般具有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收入(ru)(ru)；他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)精力(li)(li)(li)都投入(ru)(ru)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中，對土地和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)著(zhu)很(hen)深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感情；他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)擁有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)技(ji)(ji)術實(shi)力(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金，具有(you)(you)促進(jin)(jin)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本條件；他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)有(you)(you)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、懂技(ji)(ji)術、會經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)思(si)想(xiang)意(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)超前，擁有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)意(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)、合(he)(he)(he)作意(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)、共贏(ying)意(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)，能夠促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)；他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)具有(you)(you)高度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會責任感和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)觀念，對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、環(huan)境(jing)、社(she)會和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)后(hou)人承(cheng)擔責任。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)，專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)戶(hu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)該大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。？要(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎(chu)(chu)(chu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)戶(hu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點，著(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)提高家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)約化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水平。要(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)，開展(zhan)多種(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)能培訓，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)培育(yu)(yu)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)核心農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)，使(shi)之(zhi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)意(yi)(yi)(yi)識(shi)、有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li)(li)(li)、有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)管理能力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)者。建立在家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)基礎(chu)(chu)(chu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)合(he)(he)(he)作社(she)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、標準化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效組(zu)織(zhi)載體(ti)(ti)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)引(yin)領(ling)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)參與(yu)國(guo)內外(wai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競(jing)爭，促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)聯(lian)合(he)(he)(he)與(yu)合(he)(he)(he)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨干力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)，已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品有(you)(you)效供(gong)給(gei)，推(tui)動現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建設(she)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟持(chi)續穩定(ding)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。［3］因(yin)此，要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)培育(yu)(yu)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)、種(zhong)(zhong)養大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)戶(hu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)培育(yu)(yu)壯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)合(he)(he)(he)作社(she)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

二、新型農業(ye)經營主體現狀(zhuang)分析

近年來，我國在加快發(fa)展現(xian)代(dai)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增(zeng)收的(de)(de)過程中，因勢利導(dao)，培育發(fa)展了(le)一批農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)種養大(da)戶、家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)合(he)作社、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)龍頭(tou)企業(ye)等為(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主體，推動了(le)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展和農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)化經(jing)營(ying)，拓展了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增(zeng)收致富渠道。［4］

（一）發展成效明顯(xian)

1．農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不斷(duan)(duan)壯大(da)(da)。近年來，我(wo)們國(guo)家(jia)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)促(cu)(cu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通、建(jian)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)、強產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、培(pei)(pei)育合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)濟(ji)組織、帶(dai)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)增收中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍頭(tou)帶(dai)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，積極實(shi)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)戰略，堅持(chi)把(ba)培(pei)(pei)育壯大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)群體(ti)(ti)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)持(chi)續增收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)。通過擴規(gui)升級、提質增效、拉長產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈條等措(cuo)施(shi)，扶持(chi)壯大(da)(da)了(le)一批(pi)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)水平(ping)較高(gao)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)潛力(li)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。逐步(bu)(bu)健全完(wan)善了(le)“公司(si)＋合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)＋基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)＋農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)模式(shi)(shi)，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)向集約化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方向發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。比如(ru)(ru)平(ping)度(du)市(shi)(shi)目前(qian)已(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)模以上農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)110多(duo)家(jia)。其中，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)青島市(shi)(shi)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)7家(jia)，省級龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)1家(jia)，國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)1家(jia)。2．農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)蓬勃發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。隨著《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)法》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頒布實(shi)施(shi)和(he)中央及各(ge)級政府一系列扶持(chi)政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)臺，合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)從(cong)無到有(you)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)很快，有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。平(ping)度(du)市(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個(ge)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)市(shi)(shi)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)一定代(dai)(dai)表(biao)性。目前(qian)平(ping)度(du)市(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)呈現出(chu)三(san)(san)個(ge)比較明顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)：一是(shi)(shi)(shi)領辦主體(ti)(ti)多(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)戶(hu)、經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)能(neng)人組建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)組建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；有(you)基(ji)層農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機械、畜(chu)牧等部(bu)(bu)門組建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)組建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)布范(fan)圍廣(guang)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)分(fen)(fen)布范(fan)圍越(yue)來越(yue)廣(guang)，跨(kua)鄉鎮、跨(kua)縣市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也在(zai)(zai)不斷(duan)(duan)增加(jia)。如(ru)(ru)平(ping)度(du)順科蛋雞產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)188名社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)員中，30％是(shi)(shi)(shi)膠(jiao)州和(he)即墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。三(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)層次深。從(cong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)開始(shi)，逐步(bu)(bu)向品(pin)牌、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通、加(jia)工(gong)等經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)領域(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，初步(bu)(bu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)、區(qu)域(yu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)布局、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管理、一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)格局。［5］從(cong)全國(guo)面上看，這三(san)(san)個(ge)特點(dian)也非常明顯(xian)(xian)。3．農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植大(da)(da)戶(hu)和(he)家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)初具規(gui)模。近幾年，各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)都(dou)(dou)十分(fen)(fen)重(zhong)視農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，積極引導(dao)和(he)支持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)進(jin)(jin)行土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，不斷(duan)(duan)規(gui)范(fan)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)行為(wei)，明確土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則，規(gui)定土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程序和(he)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監督管理，為(wei)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)和(he)規(gui)范(fan)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。隨著土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，一些種養(yang)大(da)(da)戶(hu)舉家(jia)遷入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)園區(qu)安營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)扎寨，興起發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)樂、休閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、觀光農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新模式(shi)(shi)，逐步(bu)(bu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)(shi)。家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指以家(jia)庭(ting)成(cheng)(cheng)員為(wei)主要(yao)(yao)勞動力(li)，從(cong)事農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、集約化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、商(shang)品(pin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，并以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收入(ru)為(wei)家(jia)庭(ting)主要(yao)(yao)收入(ru)來源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)。［6］家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)一般為(wei)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)戶(hu)或者職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)。4．新型(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)開始(shi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)。新型(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，不是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種戶(hu)籍意(yi)義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身份。現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以市(shi)(shi)場(chang)為(wei)導(dao)向，運用現代(dai)(dai)科學(xue)技術，充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理利用資源環境(jing)，實(shi)現各(ge)種生產(chan)(chan)(chan)要(yao)(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)優組合(he)(he)(he)(he)，最(zui)終實(shi)現經(jing)濟(ji)、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)、生態綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)效益最(zui)佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)模式(shi)(shi)。從(cong)事現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)需要(yao)(yao)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)素養(yang)，荷蘭、日本(ben)、西(xi)歐現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷程已(yi)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)證明了(le)這一點(dian)。正(zheng)因為(wei)如(ru)(ru)此，現在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)都(dou)(dou)注重(zhong)加(jia)大(da)(da)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓力(li)度(du)，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)新型(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)。在(zai)(zai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)內(nei)，開始(shi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)和(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)了(le)一批(pi)新型(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)，一批(pi)有(you)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、有(you)技能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生為(wei)現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)注入(ru)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活力(li)。

摘(zhai)要：近年(nian)來(lai)，在江(jiang)蘇省蘇州市吳(wu)江(jiang)區委、區政(zheng)府的高(gao)度重視下(xia)，在統籌“三(san)農(nong)”發(fa)展(zhan)、以鄉村振興推進(jin)(jin)現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)進(jin)(jin)程中取得了一(yi)定的成績，但仍(reng)存在產業(ye)(ye)體系不夠完善、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技自(zi)主創(chuang)新能(neng)力不足、新型農(nong)業(ye)(ye)經營主體培(pei)育(yu)有待提高(gao)、“三(san)農(nong)”人才缺失嚴重等諸多問題(ti)。為推進(jin)(jin)吳(wu)江(jiang)區現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)高(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)，建(jian)(jian)議采取加強組織領導、加強政(zheng)策引導、加強科技創(chuang)新、強化農(nong)業(ye)(ye)新型經營主體培(pei)育(yu)、加快“三(san)農(nong)”隊伍建(jian)(jian)設等措(cuo)施(shi)。

關鍵詞：現(xian)代(dai)農業；現(xian)狀；存在(zai)問題；發展建(jian)議；吳江區

以鄉(xiang)(xiang)村振(zhen)興推進(jin)(jin)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)，是(shi)黨的(de)制定(ding)的(de)國家發(fa)展(zhan)戰略舉措(cuo)。按照(zhao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)興旺、生(sheng)態宜居(ju)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)風(feng)文明、治理有效、生(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)裕的(de)總要求，江(jiang)蘇省蘇州市吳(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)要全面實施鄉(xiang)(xiang)村振(zhen)興戰略，打造江(jiang)南(nan)水鄉(xiang)(xiang)新(xin)標桿(gan)，必須(xu)加快實現(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉型升級。同時(shi)，吳(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)作為江(jiang)南(nan)水鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)典型代(dai)表(biao)，素有魚米之鄉(xiang)(xiang)、絲(si)綢之府(fu)的(de)美譽(yu)，新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)要有新(xin)作為、新(xin)氣(qi)象，必須(xu)立足都市農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)定(ding)位，加快培育農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)新(xin)模式、新(xin)業(ye)(ye)態，從而有效推動(dong)吳(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)建設邁上新(xin)臺階(jie)。但也要看到，吳(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)全面實施鄉(xiang)(xiang)村振(zhen)興、推進(jin)(jin)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)，還面臨(lin)著(zhu)諸多困難和挑戰，必須(xu)堅(jian)持問題導向，以創新(xin)驅動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)為基礎，高(gao)質量推進(jin)(jin)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。在此(ci)(ci)背景(jing)下，筆者(zhe)總結了(le)吳(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)狀、存(cun)在的(de)主(zhu)要問題，并依(yi)此(ci)(ci)提出了(le)相(xiang)關(guan)發(fa)展(zhan)建議，以期進(jin)(jin)一步推進(jin)(jin)吳(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)高(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)。

1吳江區現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業的現(xian)狀

吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)將(jiang)全(quan)(quan)面實(shi)施(shi)(shi)鄉村(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)戰略作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)新時(shi)代(dai)“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)總抓手，以(yi)聚焦(jiao)富民(min)(min)推(tui)(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)改革發(fa)展(zhan)，以(yi)聚力(li)創新推(tui)(tui)動(dong)城鄉融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)，加快推(tui)(tui)進了吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。1.1現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)基礎不斷夯實(shi)。具體(ti)(ti)(ti)表現為(wei)：（1）農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設施(shi)(shi)提檔升級(ji)。吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)累計(ji)建(jian)成(cheng)高(gao)標準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)面積(ji)(ji)1.75×104hm2，占耕(geng)地(di)(di)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)76.07%；建(jian)成(cheng)高(gao)效設施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)（漁(yu)(yu)）業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面積(ji)(ji)1.13×104hm2，占設施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)（漁(yu)(yu)）業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)24.02%。（2）農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)設成(cheng)效顯著。吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)設水平監測評價列全(quan)(quan)國第二(er)；全(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共建(jian)成(cheng)省級(ji)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)3個(ge)(ge)、市級(ji)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)5個(ge)(ge)、區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)級(ji)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)3個(ge)(ge)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)(ji)達(da)8653.33hm2，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)化率(lv)達(da)22.5%。（3）農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信息化示(shi)范(fan)引(yin)領水平高(gao)。吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信息化覆蓋率(lv)達(da)63.8%，規模(mo)設施(shi)(shi)物聯(lian)網技(ji)術應用(yong)率(lv)達(da)25.52%；擁(yong)有省級(ji)信息化示(shi)范(fan)基地(di)(di)6家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、市級(ji)智(zhi)慧農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)基地(di)(di)8家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。1.2新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)扎(zha)實(shi)推(tui)(tui)進。具體(ti)(ti)(ti)表現為(wei)：（1）適(shi)度規模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)高(gao)。吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)累計(ji)組建(jian)土地(di)(di)股份合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)165家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，土地(di)(di)適(shi)度規模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)面積(ji)(ji)為(wei)2.09×104hm2，占比(bi)(bi)為(wei)90.1%；現有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)、家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場和(he)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大戶4200戶；參(can)加合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶數達(da)15.36萬戶，占比(bi)(bi)為(wei)99.70%。（2）龍(long)頭(tou)(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)帶(dai)動(dong)有力(li)。吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)擁(yong)有規模(mo)以(yi)上農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍(long)頭(tou)(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)213家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，其(qi)中國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級(ji)龍(long)頭(tou)(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)2家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、省級(ji)龍(long)頭(tou)(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)11家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、市級(ji)龍(long)頭(tou)(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)18家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，新三板掛牌企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)5家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。（3）職業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)培育工作(zuo)(zuo)穩步實(shi)施(shi)(shi)。截至目(mu)前，吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共認定新型職業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)595名。1.3現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系不斷完善。吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)已成(cheng)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)聯(lian)合(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)12家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，有效帶(dai)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶10萬余戶；擁(yong)有各類休(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)鄉村(cun)旅游(you)景點84家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，2018年全(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)休(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)總收(shou)入(ru)(ru)達(da)3.2億元；在品(pin)牌建(jian)設方面，吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)香青菜(cai)被(bei)列為(wei)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)，吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)大米(mi)、吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)香青菜(cai)、吳(wu)(wu)江(jiang)石(shi)斛入(ru)(ru)選名特優新公(gong)用(yong)品(pin)牌產(chan)品(pin)目(mu)錄，“金利”食用(yong)油、“五月田(tian)(tian)”蔬(shu)菜(cai)、“東之(zhi)田(tian)(tian)木”水果等(deng)8個(ge)(ge)品(pin)牌入(ru)(ru)選江(jiang)蘇省農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)牌目(mu)錄。

2吳江區現代農業(ye)發展中存在的(de)問題與不(bu)足(zu)

摘要：發(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)是湖南(nan)推進新(xin)型(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)、實現富民強省不可缺少(shao)的(de)內容。因此，湖南(nan)應從自身的(de)現實基礎出發(fa)，制(zhi)定總(zong)體思路，確立發(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)重點方向。

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：現代農業；湖南；對策

發展現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)，從國家層面來講，無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)保(bao)障糧食安全，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)民增收，無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)應(ying)對國際競爭，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)持續推(tui)進(jin)(jin)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和城鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)，解(jie)決農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)深層次問(wen)題，都(dou)有著(zhu)非(fei)常重(zhong)要的(de)意義；對于正在大力推(tui)進(jin)(jin)新型工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)實現(xian)富民強省的(de)傳統農(nong)業(ye)(ye)大省——湖(hu)南(nan)，應(ying)充分利用這一發展機遇，在推(tui)進(jin)(jin)新型工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)同時，加快農(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)發展步伐，促進(jin)(jin)傳統農(nong)業(ye)(ye)向現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉變。

一、現代農業的含義與特(te)征(zheng)

與傳統農業(ye)相反，現(xian)(xian)代農業(ye)是廣泛應用現(xian)(xian)代科學(xue)技術、現(xian)(xian)代工業(ye)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產要素(su)和科學(xue)管理方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)化發(fa)達(da)農業(ye)。在(zai)按農業(ye)生產力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性質和狀況(kuang)劃分的(de)(de)(de)(de)農業(ye)發(fa)展史上，現(xian)(xian)代農業(ye)屬(shu)于農業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最新最高階段。現(xian)(xian)代農業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征非常明顯，可以(yi)概(gai)括為以(yi)下(xia)方(fang)面：

第一，生(sheng)產(chan)條(tiao)件現(xian)代(dai)化。即(ji)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)中擁有機械化、電(dian)(dian)氣化的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)工具(ju)、設備(bei)和(he)完善的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎(chu)設施等現(xian)代(dai)化的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)條(tiao)件。凡是能使用(yong)(yong)機器操作的(de)(de)部門和(he)工序(xu)，都完全使用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)機械化、電(dian)(dian)氣化的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)設備(bei)，代(dai)替了(le)(le)人畜力(li)的(de)(de)工具(ju)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中得到(dao)了(le)(le)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)，電(dian)(dian)子計算機等自動(dong)化設備(bei)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中廣(guang)泛(fan)普(pu)及，使農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)逐步走(zou)向工廠化、自動(dong)化。

發(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)，是促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)民(min)增(zeng)收的基(ji)本途徑，是提高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綜合生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力(li)的重要(yao)舉措，是建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社會主義新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎和首要(yao)任(ren)務。當前(qian)，必須把發(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的著(zhu)力(li)點，有效發(fa)揮農(nong)(nong)村(cun)資源優勢(shi)，整(zheng)合生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)要(yao)素，推動農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)進一步發(fa)展(zhan)，提升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)整(zheng)體競爭力(li)，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)民(min)持續增(zeng)收，為(wei)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)奠定牢固的基(ji)礎。

一、加強"三農(nong)(nong)"工作(zuo)，積(ji)極發展現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業，扎實推(tui)進(jin)社會主義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)，是加快社會主義(yi)(yi)現(xian)代化建(jian)設(she)的重(zhong)大(da)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)，是貫穿新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)和現(xian)代化全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)的一項長(chang)期艱巨(ju)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)，必須從新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)的全(quan)局出發，充分考慮農(nong)(nong)村發展的現(xian)狀和條件，反映(ying)農(nong)(nong)民意愿，滿足農(nong)(nong)民需要，尊重(zhong)農(nong)(nong)業發展的客觀規律，既著眼長(chang)遠，又圍繞當前迫切需要解(jie)決的問題，抓(zhua)住重(zhong)點(dian)，扎實推(tui)進(jin)，確保取得實效。

當(dang)前，我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)正處于由(you)傳統向現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)轉(zhuan)變(bian)的(de)關鍵時期，受到資源、環(huan)境(jing)的(de)雙(shuang)重(zhong)制(zhi)約(yue)和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)際、國(guo)(guo)內(nei)市場的(de)雙(shuang)重(zhong)挑戰。只(zhi)有(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)手段、生產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)生產(chan)(chan)理念的(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化，才能(neng)轉(zhuan)變(bian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)，優化結構和(he)(he)布(bu)局；只(zhi)有(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，才能(neng)保障(zhang)糧(liang)食安(an)全(quan)，應對(dui)國(guo)(guo)際競爭，持續推(tui)進工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化和(he)(he)城鎮化，進而解決農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)深層次問題(ti)；只(zhi)有(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，才能(neng)集(ji)約(yue)節(jie)約(yue)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)自然資源，保護生態環(huan)境(jing)，把農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)村發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)真正納入科學(xue)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)軌道。可(ke)以說，無(wu)(wu)論是(shi)保障(zhang)糧(liang)食安(an)全(quan)，還(huan)是(shi)促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)民(min)增收，無(wu)(wu)論是(shi)應對(dui)國(guo)(guo)際競爭，還(huan)是(shi)持續推(tui)進工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化和(he)(he)城鎮化，解決農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)深層次問題(ti)，都必須(xu)加(jia)(jia)快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)社會主義新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)的(de)首要任務，當(dang)前和(he)(he)今后(hou)相當(dang)長一個時期，都要把發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為著力點，使(shi)(shi)各地(di)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)方(fang)向更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)明(ming)確，重(zhong)點更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)突(tu)出，把注意力集(ji)中到發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)生產(chan)(chan)上來(lai)，把積極性引導(dao)到夯實新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)的(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎(chu)上來(lai)，用(yong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)物質條件裝(zhuang)備(bei)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，用(yong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)科學(xue)技術改造農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，用(yong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系提(ti)(ti)升農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，用(yong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)經營形式(shi)推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，用(yong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)理念引領農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，用(yong)培養新(xin)(xin)型農(nong)(nong)民(min)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，提(ti)(ti)高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)利化、機械化和(he)(he)信息化水(shui)平，提(ti)(ti)高土地(di)產(chan)(chan)出率(lv)、資源利用(yong)率(lv)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)勞動生產(chan)(chan)率(lv)，提(ti)(ti)高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)素質、效益和(he)(he)競爭力。具(ju)體(ti)地(di)說：

一是促(cu)(cu)進(jin)農村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)要(yao)求(qiu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現代農業。新農村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)包括"生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活寬裕、鄉風(feng)文明、村(cun)(cun)容整潔、管理民(min)主"的(de)(de)基本(ben)要(yao)求(qiu)，"生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)"是實現其(qi)他(ta)目標(biao)的(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)基礎(chu)。沒有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，新農村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)就會失去物(wu)質(zhi)基礎(chu)。從總體上來說(shuo)，我國農村(cun)(cun)還不(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)達。因此，推進(jin)新農村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)，就要(yao)不(bu)斷解放和發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力。只有大(da)力發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現代農業，加(jia)快(kuai)農業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方式的(de)(de)轉變(bian)，節約使(shi)用(yong)自(zi)然資源(yuan)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素，優化農業和農村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟結構(gou)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)多種經(jing)營，繁(fan)榮農村(cun)(cun)服務業，提高土地產(chan)出率(lv)、資源(yuan)利用(yong)率(lv)和勞動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)，促(cu)(cu)進(jin)農業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)觀念、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)手(shou)段、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方式和經(jing)營模式的(de)(de)現代化，才(cai)能促(cu)(cu)進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，滿足新農村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)迫(po)切需要(yao)。

二是不(bu)斷增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收入要(yao)求發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)業。促進農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收入持(chi)續增(zeng)長，離不(bu)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)業。實踐表明，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)業，能(neng)使(shi)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)在農(nong)(nong)業功能(neng)拓展(zhan)中獲(huo)得更多收益。只有(you)大(da)力(li)推動農(nong)(nong)業科技(ji)進步，提高農(nong)(nong)業裝備(bei)水平，組織農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)實施產(chan)業化(hua)經營，提高農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)素質和(he)技(ji)能(neng)，才(cai)能(neng)使(shi)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收入穩定提高。因此，要(yao)充(chong)分挖掘(jue)內部增(zeng)收潛力(li)，降低糧(liang)食生產(chan)成(cheng)本，優(you)(you)化(hua)結構，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)產(chan)量，提高糧(liang)食生產(chan)比較效益。充(chong)分利用(yong)資源(yuan)和(he)區位優(you)(you)勢(shi)，積極發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)養殖、園藝等勞動密集(ji)型產(chan)品和(he)綠色食品生產(chan)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品加(jia)(jia)(jia)工、保鮮、儲(chu)運(yun)和(he)其他服務，推動"一村一品"快(kuai)速健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)致(zhi)富步伐。進一步開發(fa)(fa)(fa)農(nong)(nong)業新功能(neng)，積極發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)休閑觀(guan)光(guang)農(nong)(nong)業。

三(san)是(shi)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食穩定(ding)(ding)增(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)要求(qiu)發(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)。促(cu)進(jin)(jin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食穩定(ding)(ding)增(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，保障國(guo)家糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食安(an)全(quan)，對(dui)于(yu)我(wo)們這(zhe)樣一個人口大國(guo)具(ju)有特殊的意義。促(cu)進(jin)(jin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食穩定(ding)(ding)增(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)增(zeng)收，就要加快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)，著(zhu)力提高農(nong)業(ye)綜合生產(chan)(chan)(chan)能力。只有發(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)，才能不斷提高糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食綜合生產(chan)(chan)(chan)能力，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食穩定(ding)(ding)增(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，保障國(guo)家糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食安(an)全(quan)。

為認真貫徹落實(shi)《中共(gong)(gong)省委、省人民(min)府(fu)關(guan)于7年社會(hui)主義(yi)新農村(cun)建設(she)的(de)若(ruo)(ruo)干意(yi)見(jian)》（委〔7〕52號(hao)）和《中共(gong)(gong)市(shi)委、市(shi)人民(min)政府(fu)關(guan)于實(shi)施低收(shou)入農戶增收(shou)工程扎實(shi)推進(jin)社會(hui)主義(yi)新農村(cun)建設(she)的(de)若(ruo)(ruo)干意(yi)見(jian)》（委〔7〕1號(hao)）精神，現就加強我(wo)縣(xian)新型農民(min)現代農業專業技(ji)能培訓工作提(ti)出如下意(yi)見(jian)。

一、目的意義(yi)和基本(ben)目標(biao)

1、目(mu)的(de)(de)意義(yi)。發展高(gao)效生態的(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業，最(zui)終要(yao)靠有文化、懂技(ji)(ji)術、會經(jing)(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)民。近年來，各鄉鎮、各部門十分重視農(nong)(nong)村勞(lao)動力素質培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)工(gong)作(zuo)，在農(nong)(nong)業專(zhuan)業技(ji)(ji)能培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)方(fang)(fang)面做了大量工(gong)作(zuo)，促進了農(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟社會的(de)(de)全面發展。但是在農(nong)(nong)業專(zhuan)業技(ji)(ji)能培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中，也存在著培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)時(shi)(shi)間短、層次低，培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)內(nei)容不系統(tong)，培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)手段單一，管理(li)不規范等問題(ti)。加強新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)民現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業專(zhuan)業技(ji)(ji)能培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)，其目(mu)的(de)(de)就是通過延長(chang)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)時(shi)(shi)間，增加培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)內(nei)容，創新培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)方(fang)(fang)式、方(fang)(fang)法和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)機制，努力造就一支(zhi)適(shi)應(ying)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業發展需要(yao)的(de)(de)生產經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主體和(he)農(nong)(nong)村實用(yong)人才隊伍，為(wei)加快全縣的(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業發展和(he)社會主義(yi)新農(nong)(nong)村建設提供人才支(zhi)撐。

2、基本(ben)目標。圍繞全(quan)縣農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)導產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)展，到(dao)年(nian)，新型(xing)農(nong)民(min)(min)現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)能培(pei)訓8750人，60%以上取得相應的(de)農(nong)民(min)(min)技(ji)術職稱(cheng)，結合(he)全(quan)縣現有農(nong)民(min)(min)勞動(dong)力(li)的(de)實際情況，到(dao)年(nian)需參加(jia)農(nong)職稱(cheng)評定的(de)農(nong)民(min)(min)人數為5250人。加(jia)強(qiang)對農(nong)民(min)(min)進行種植、養殖、加(jia)工等方面的(de)技(ji)術培(pei)訓，培(pei)養一批生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能手，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能手總量達(da)到(dao)2800名(ming)左右；按照農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化和生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展要求，培(pei)訓和提升(sheng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)人員、農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)紀人、農(nong)民(min)(min)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)作經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)組織(zhi)帶(dai)頭人的(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)水(shui)平(ping)，發(fa)展壯大農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)能人隊伍，農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)能人總量達(da)到(dao)2名(ming)左右。

二、培訓時間和培訓內容

3、培訓(xun)時間。實行(xing)學(xue)年(nian)制(zhi)，要求每個(ge)專業一個(ge)學(xue)年(nian)累計培訓(xun)學(xue)習(xi)時間不少(shao)于(yu)50課時，根據內容需要可以延長培訓(xun)時間。

一、廣前公司基本概況

廣(guang)前(qian)公(gong)司(si)位于(yu)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)湛(zhan)江市(shi)遂溪縣境內，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)家(jia)大(da)型國有糖業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，擁有土地(di)面積約18.66萬(wan)(wan)畝，其中農(nong)(nong)用(yong)地(di)經營面積12.72萬(wan)(wan)畝，常年甘蔗(zhe)種(zhong)植面積約6萬(wan)(wan)畝，同(tong)時(shi)發展水果、林木(mu)、花(hua)卉、蔬菜等產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。廣(guang)前(qian)公(gong)司(si)是(shi)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)重點農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、國家(jia)甘蔗(zhe)機械(xie)化生產(chan)試(shi)驗基(ji)地(di)、廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)墾湛(zhan)江墾區(qu)(qu)國家(jia)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)范區(qu)(qu)的(de)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)。廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)墾熱(re)作(zuo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)園(yuan)是(shi)廣(guang)前(qian)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)域，園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)按照“一(yi)(yi)帶三核(he)五片區(qu)(qu)十基(ji)地(di)”進行規劃(hua)布局，集農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術集成創新(xin)、現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術展示(shi)、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)示(shi)范推(tui)廣(guang)、農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品信息交(jiao)流(liu)平臺(tai)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)體，目標是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)成為(wei)具有一(yi)(yi)流(liu)水平的(de)國家(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)、促進廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)熱(re)作(zuo)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化和新(xin)型墾區(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)先導區(qu)(qu)。

二、農業經(jing)營管理體系發(fa)展現狀

（一(yi)(yi)）大力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。1.“企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)+合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)+職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)”模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)成(cheng)立了平原(yuan)果蔬(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)，主(zhu)(zhu)要采(cai)(cai)(cai)取公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)投(tou)資(zi)入(ru)股方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，成(cheng)立專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)，帶領公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)番薯300畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)2018年(nian)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)期實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務總(zong)(zong)收(shou)入(ru)88.74萬元，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)利潤9萬元。2.“產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)團(tuan)+基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。與湛江農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，成(cheng)立了廣(guang)(guang)前公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)香蕉(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)聯(lian)合(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)1000畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，聯(lian)合(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)通過與有(you)銷售渠道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)系統(tong)(tong)內產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場提(ti)(ti)供(gong)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)并負責(ze)(ze)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)日(ri)(ri)常(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)負責(ze)(ze)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)理規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)、總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷售等。采(cai)(cai)(cai)取現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)保(bao)本兜底(di)（兜底(di)價(jia)以(yi)當年(nian)實(shi)際成(cheng)本價(jia)為準），利益雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)共享(xiang)（即“五五分(fen)成(cheng)”）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，市(shi)(shi)場風(feng)(feng)險(xian)由(you)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)承擔(dan)，自(zi)然(ran)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失由(you)雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)按照出(chu)資(zi)額(e)比例承擔(dan)。3.“公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)+職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)+能人”合(he)(he)股經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)成(cheng)立了邁坦隊火龍果種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)聯(lian)合(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，直接引入(ru)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)能手負責(ze)(ze)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理。適應(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)完善聯(lian)合(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)決策機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上對具體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)負責(ze)(ze)人給予合(he)(he)理授權，確保(bao)一(yi)(yi)般日(ri)(ri)常(chang)(chang)運營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)理和費用開支(zhi)事項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)3個工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)日(ri)(ri)辦結(jie)。4.“公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)+項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理人”模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)今年(nian)謀劃(hua)(hua)成(cheng)立紅坡香蕉(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)聯(lian)合(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)870畝(mu)(mu)(mu)香蕉(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，總(zong)(zong)投(tou)資(zi)870萬元，廣(guang)(guang)前公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)出(chu)資(zi)478.5萬元、占(zhan)股55%，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理人（職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)）出(chu)資(zi)391.5萬元、占(zhan)股45%。基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理人（職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)）入(ru)股合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用控(kong)成(cheng)本、定產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)和日(ri)(ri)常(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)由(you)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理人負責(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)管(guan)(guan)理模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。（二(er)(er)）著力推(tui)(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)包括：建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)組織(zhi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，形成(cheng)以(yi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)為主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)養專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)隊伍(wu)；建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)管(guan)(guan)理創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與精準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相結(jie)合(he)(he)，共同發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)；建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，培育(yu)引進(jin)(jin)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)設(she)(she)備；建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)培育(yu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)團(tuan)支(zhi)持或(huo)者供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)果、蔬(shu)菜(cai)為主(zhu)(zhu)。（三(san)）適度發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)自(zi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)目(mu)前推(tui)(tui)(tui)。行“50+5”模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，即種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)甘蔗(zhe)崗位地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)50畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，可安排5畝(mu)(mu)(mu)作(zuo)(zuo)為自(zi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，此(ci)55畝(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)租標(biao)準為1.5噸/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)甘蔗(zhe)實(shi)物地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)租，超出(chu)部分(fen)按市(shi)(shi)場行情的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金租標(biao)準收(shou)取。自(zi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益最大化(hua)(hua)、調整(zheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)結(jie)構為目(mu)標(biao)，以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)高效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)特色經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)物為重點，使職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)收(shou)入(ru)多元化(hua)(hua)。在(zai)目(mu)前允(yun)許種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)自(zi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)（控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)崗位地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)10%）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議轉(zhuan)變模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，由(you)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)分(fen)散經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)轉(zhuan)變為集(ji)中經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，即在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)隊或(huo)幾(ji)個連片生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)隊，劃(hua)(hua)出(chu)整(zheng)塊自(zi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)聯(lian)合(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，消除自(zi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)分(fen)散式(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端，持續做大做強自(zi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)增收(shou)。（四(si)）新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)初見(jian)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。1.培育(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，轉(zhuan)變農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。一(yi)(yi)是走(zou)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)。甘蔗(zhe)主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)穩步推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)；二(er)(er)是走(zou)科技(ji)(ji)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)。與傳統(tong)(tong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)相比，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)更(geng)容易接受和應(ying)(ying)用新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，對現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)要素需求更(geng)為強烈(lie)；三(san)是走(zou)組織(zhi)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)把公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)分(fen)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)起來(lai)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立有(you)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)、有(you)組織(zhi)、有(you)科學管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，提(ti)(ti)高了市(shi)(shi)場抗(kang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)能力和市(shi)(shi)場競爭力。2.推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了保(bao)障。與傳統(tong)(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)家一(yi)(yi)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)相比，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)普遍更(geng)重視質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)，將分(fen)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)起來(lai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)料供(gong)應(ying)(ying)和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)確保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)。3.促(cu)進(jin)(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)增收(shou)，為城(cheng)鄉統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)助力。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)更(geng)加注重提(ti)(ti)高生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率、降(jiang)低生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)成(cheng)本、增加經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)性收(shou)入(ru)，能夠有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)要素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范有(you)序流轉(zhuan)，增加職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)財產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性收(shou)入(ru)。

三、創新農業經營管理(li)體系存(cun)在的不足

（一(yi)）經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體結構不(bu)(bu)盡合(he)理(li)(li)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體培育(yu)尚處于(yu)發展探索階段(duan)，公(gong)司對各類新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體的(de)(de)發展規劃引(yin)導還(huan)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)規范(fan)，各類新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體的(de)(de)規章制度還(huan)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)很健全，容易導致運營(ying)不(bu)(bu)暢等問(wen)題。二是(shi)(shi)偏(pian)重農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)環節，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)社會化服(fu)務(wu)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)。新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體中(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品種植的(de)(de)居多，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、流通型(xing)(xing)(xing)、銷售型(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)體占比較(jiao)少，能夠(gou)提供的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)社會化服(fu)務(wu)范(fan)圍窄、服(fu)務(wu)能力低，離現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展對社會化服(fu)務(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)體的(de)(de)要求還(huan)有較(jiao)大(da)差距。（二）扶持政(zheng)策(ce)缺(que)位或政(zheng)策(ce)力度偏(pian)小，落實(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)全面(mian)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)財政(zheng)扶持資金總量少、門檻高，多數(shu)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體無法享(xiang)受到；二是(shi)(shi)公(gong)司新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)體系(xi)(xi)建設(she)仍處于(yu)發展初期階段(duan)，對創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)體系(xi)(xi)建設(she)在推動現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展中(zhong)的(de)(de)重要作用宣(xuan)傳不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，在體系(xi)(xi)建設(she)上缺(que)乏政(zheng)策(ce)扶持措施(shi)。（三）受人(ren)(ren)才技術(shu)(shu)制約影(ying)響。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)與創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)體系(xi)(xi)建設(she)的(de)(de)要求相比，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)職業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)和技術(shu)(shu)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)缺(que)口(kou)較(jiao)大(da)，多數(shu)職工(gong)（農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶）掌握(wo)的(de)(de)知識和實(shi)(shi)用新(xin)(xin)技術(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)多，品牌意識、抗(kang)風險意識不(bu)(bu)強(qiang)，生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)理(li)(li)念不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)先進；二是(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)管理(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)才嚴重缺(que)乏，難以帶領新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體做大(da)做強(qiang)；三是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體的(de)(de)科技創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)能力不(bu)(bu)足，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)(chan)多、加(jia)工(gong)少，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品附加(jia)值不(bu)(bu)高，競爭力不(bu)(bu)強(qiang)。

各(ge)鎮人(ren)民(min)政府、街道辦事處，區(qu)政府各(ge)部門，有關單(dan)位(wei)：

為加(jia)快現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)業發展，縮小城鄉(xiang)差距，探索農(nong)村改革發展的新體制機制，促進農(nong)業轉型升級，“出(chu)特(te)色，顯亮點，見成(cheng)效”，結合(he)我(wo)區實際，現就加(jia)快現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)業園區建設提出(chu)如下(xia)意見。

一、指導思想

堅持(chi)以科學發展觀(guan)為指導，緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞促進農民增收和(he)農業(ye)(ye)轉型(xing)升級目標，堅持(chi)高起點、高標準建設一批農業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)特色突出、基(ji)礎設施(shi)配套(tao)、生產(chan)設施(shi)先(xian)進、科技(ji)水(shui)平領先(xian)、經(jing)營機(ji)制完善、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)和(he)輻射帶動效(xiao)應明顯的(de)現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)園區(qu)，使之成為全(quan)區(qu)現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)主導產(chan)業(ye)(ye)集聚的(de)功能區(qu)、先(xian)進科技(ji)轉化的(de)核心區(qu)、生態循環(huan)農業(ye)(ye)的(de)樣板區(qu)、體制機(ji)制創(chuang)新的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)、現(xian)代(dai)職業(ye)(ye)農民的(de)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)區(qu)，推(tui)動全(quan)區(qu)現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)更(geng)好更(geng)快發展。

二、總體目標

到2015年，現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)農民人均純收(shou)入年均增長20%以(yi)上，城(cheng)鄉差距(ju)縮(suo)小到2:1，把我區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)設成(cheng)為國(guo)家級現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范區(qu)(qu)(qu)。在全區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)5個以(yi)上產業(ye)(ye)(ye)特色(se)突出(chu)、基礎(chu)設施(shi)完善、循環(huan)清潔生產、一二(er)三產業(ye)(ye)(ye)聯動發(fa)展的(de)現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。在現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)5萬(wan)畝商品蔬菜基地(di)，其中(zhong)：瓜-菜、蓮(lian)藕、苕尖等相對成(cheng)片萬(wan)畝基地(di)3個，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)商品魚基地(di)2萬(wan)畝，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)5個年出(chu)欄生豬上萬(wan)頭的(de)循環(huan)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)(yuan)，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)5個農民集中(zhong)居住的(de)居民新(xin)村示范點，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)十里(li)荷香、圣水桃(tao)花、生態垂(chui)釣、科普農趣等觀光農業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地(di)。

摘(zhai)要(yao)：文(wen)章從確(que)保糧食生(sheng)產(chan)安全和重要(yao)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品有效供給、打(da)贏(ying)扶貧開發(fa)攻堅戰、推進現代農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展轉型(xing)、構建新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)業經營體系等方面論述了(le)加快農(nong)(nong)職(zhi)業教育的迫(po)切性，對如何加快文(wen)山州(zhou)農(nong)(nong)職(zhi)業教育的發(fa)展、發(fa)揮農(nong)(nong)職(zhi)業優勢、培養新型(xing)職(zhi)業農(nong)(nong)民、推動農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)發(fa)展助力(li)精準扶貧提出一些觀點和建議。

關鍵(jian)詞：農職業(ye)教育；新(xin)型(xing)職業(ye)農民；精(jing)準扶(fu)貧(pin)

云(yun)南省文(wen)山(shan)州(zhou)州(zhou)情(qing)特(te)殊，是(shi)集老、少、邊、戰區(qu)(qu)為一體的(de)少數(shu)民(min)族自治州(zhou)，到2014年(nian)底，地(di)區(qu)(qu)生產總值只有全國(guo)平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)40%不到，人(ren)(ren)均(jun)財政收入只有全國(guo)的(de)30%不到，農村常(chang)駐人(ren)(ren)口可(ke)支配(pei)收入才(cai)6998元，而2300元以下的(de)有54萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)，絕對貧困(kun)人(ren)(ren)口將近(jin)3.3萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)，與(yu)國(guo)內(nei)省市甚至省內(nei)其他(ta)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)差距都非常(chang)大。為了實現(xian)“十三五”文(wen)山(shan)州(zhou)的(de)經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目標，到2018年(nian)確保8縣(xian)（市）脫(tuo)貧摘帽、36個貧困(kun)鄉、329個貧困(kun)行政村出(chu)列，農村常(chang)住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)口人(ren)(ren)均(jun)可(ke)支配(pei)收入增幅(fu)高于全省平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)，到2020年(nian)努(nu)力建成石漠化地(di)區(qu)(qu)精準扶(fu)貧和左右江革命老區(qu)(qu)振興(xing)整州(zhou)推進(jin)示范區(qu)(qu)，實現(xian)與(yu)全國(guo)全省同步(bu)(bu)全面建成小康社會，急需加快農職業教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，加快教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)助(zhu)推扶(fu)貧的(de)腳步(bu)(bu)。

一(yi)、培養新型(xing)職業(ye)農民是(shi)推動農業(ye)發展，實現文山(shan)州精(jing)準扶貧的有效(xiao)途徑

1.新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)是(shi)推動文(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)基礎2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)文(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)糧食生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)已(yi)(yi)突(tu)破(po)150萬(wan)(wan)噸，2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)達到(dao)159萬(wan)(wan)噸，但種糧效益(yi)差、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資價格上(shang)漲、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)增(zeng)加、居民(min)(min)(min)消(xiao)費水平提(ti)高(gao)(gao)等都給(gei)糧食生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)安(an)全和重要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品有(you)(you)(you)效供給(gei)形成(cheng)(cheng)很大(da)壓力。強調：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國人(ren)的(de)(de)飯碗要(yao)(yao)牢(lao)牢(lao)端在自己手(shou)里，要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)我國的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力，讓十(shi)幾(ji)億中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國人(ren)吃飽吃好(hao)、吃得(de)安(an)全放心，最(zui)根本(ben)的(de)(de)還得(de)依靠農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)，特別是(shi)要(yao)(yao)依靠高(gao)(gao)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)”。只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)一(yi)代(dai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)，調動其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)積極性，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)素質(zhi)才(cai)能得(de)到(dao)提(ti)升，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)問(wen)題(ti)才(cai)能得(de)到(dao)很好(hao)解決，糧食安(an)全才(cai)能得(de)到(dao)有(you)(you)(you)效保障。2.新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)是(shi)打贏扶(fu)貧開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)攻堅戰(zhan)的(de)(de)先(xian)導(dao)文(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)8縣（市）均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)貧困(kun)縣，目前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)55.2萬(wan)(wan)建檔(dang)立卡(ka)貧困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)、329個(ge)(ge)(ge)貧困(kun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、36個(ge)(ge)(ge)貧困(kun)鄉(xiang)。2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)，文(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)委、州(zhou)(zhou)政(zheng)府啟(qi)動了“23866”行動計(ji)劃以及(ji)精準識別等一(yi)系(xi)列重大(da)舉措，全年(nian)(nian)(nian)減少貧困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)8.16萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)，累計(ji)“十(shi)二(er)五(wu)”期(qi)間減少貧困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)35.24萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)，要(yao)(yao)確保到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)貧困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)實現(xian)脫貧，實現(xian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，建設新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)，需要(yao)(yao)從“思想(xiang)觀念”“綜合(he)素質(zhi)”等多(duo)(duo)方(fang)面來(lai)迅速提(ti)高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)貧困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)素質(zhi)，真正變“輸(shu)血”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“造血”，把(ba)(ba)加大(da)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，接(jie)受(shou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)扶(fu)貧開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)途(tu)徑，通過(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，把(ba)(ba)“文(wen)(wen)化教育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”和“現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)能培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)”有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)結合(he)起來(lai)，讓貧困(kun)家(jia)庭(ting)的(de)(de)孩子都能接(jie)受(shou)有(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，盡(jin)力阻斷(duan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)地區貧困(kun)代(dai)際(ji)傳遞(di)，通過(guo)智力扶(fu)貧消(xiao)除貧困(kun)、改善(shan)民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。3.新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)是(shi)推進(jin)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)迫切需要(yao)(yao)當(dang)前(qian)，文(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)正處于(yu)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)向現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)關鍵時(shi)期(qi)。州(zhou)(zhou)委州(zhou)(zhou)政(zheng)府明確把(ba)(ba)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)強州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)抓(zhua)手(shou)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)方(fang)式(shi)正從單一(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)、種養(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、手(shou)工(gong)勞動為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，向主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)多(duo)(duo)元(yuan)、領域拓寬、逐(zhu)步采用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)械和現(xian)代(dai)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)轉變，現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)、二(er)、三產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)(gao)度(du)融(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。但支撐(cheng)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)人(ren)才(cai)青(qing)黃不(bu)(bu)接(jie)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)化水平不(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)，許多(duo)(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)會運用(yong)(yong)先(xian)進(jin)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)具，接(jie)受(shou)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知識的(de)(de)能力不(bu)(bu)強。只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)一(yi)大(da)批(pi)具有(you)(you)(you)較強市場意識，懂(dong)經(jing)營(ying)、會管理、有(you)(you)(you)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)，現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)才(cai)能具有(you)(you)(you)后勁。4.新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)是(shi)構建新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)由于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)外出(chu)務工(gong)人(ren)員增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)，留守勞動力數量不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)減少，素質(zhi)結構性下(xia)降(jiang)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)日(ri)益(yi)突(tu)出(chu)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)勞動力多(duo)(duo)以婦女和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)老年(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，小學及(ji)以下(xia)文(wen)(wen)化程(cheng)度(du)比重超過(guo)50%，60%以上(shang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)不(bu)(bu)愿意回(hui)鄉(xiang)務農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)，文(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)也不(bu)(bu)例外。今后“誰來(lai)種地”成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重大(da)而緊迫的(de)(de)課題(ti)。要(yao)(yao)確保農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)“后繼有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)”，關鍵是(shi)要(yao)(yao)構建新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)戶(hu)、家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)社(she)(she)(she)會化服務組織等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。截(jie)止(zhi)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月底，全州(zhou)(zhou)累計(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)2842個(ge)(ge)(ge)，注(zhu)冊資金36.10億元(yuan)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)示范(fan)社(she)(she)(she)17個(ge)(ge)(ge)，省級(ji)(ji)示范(fan)社(she)(she)(she)81個(ge)(ge)(ge)，州(zhou)(zhou)級(ji)(ji)示范(fan)社(she)(she)(she)54個(ge)(ge)(ge)。但發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)質(zhi)量不(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)仍(reng)然(ran)突(tu)出(chu)，絕(jue)大(da)部分農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)管理人(ren)員是(shi)高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)以下(xia)學歷，專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)才(cai)匱(kui)乏，導(dao)致規范(fan)提(ti)質(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)艱難(nan)。需要(yao)(yao)把(ba)(ba)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)關系(xi)長(chang)遠(yuan)、關系(xi)根本(ben)的(de)(de)大(da)事(shi)來(lai)抓(zhua)，通過(guo)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)、政(zheng)策扶(fu)持(chi)等措施(shi)，留住一(yi)批(pi)擁有(you)(you)(you)較高(gao)(gao)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)青(qing)壯(zhuang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)從事(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)活力。

二(er)、加快文(wen)山(shan)州農(nong)職(zhi)業(ye)教育發展助推精準扶貧(pin)的建(jian)議

編者按：本文主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)從要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)充分認(ren)識新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)工(gong)作的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)意(yi)義(yi)；要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)創造性的(de)(de)開展(zhan)工(gong)作，將新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)工(gong)作做(zuo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；積極探索(suo)構建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)工(gong)作的(de)(de)長效機(ji)制三個方面(mian)進行闡述。其中，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)容包括：工(gong)作意(yi)義(yi)，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)是(shi)(shi)貫徹(che)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)十七屆三中全會精神的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)是(shi)(shi)貫徹(che)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)學發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)觀的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)是(shi)(shi)提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)(ke)學素質的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)是(shi)(shi)鄉鎮(zhen)黨(dang)(dang)委政(zheng)府工(gong)作的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)容之一(yi)。培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)工(gong)作，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)內(nei)容要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)切合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際、二(er)是(shi)(shi)組織工(gong)作要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)扎實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)得力、三是(shi)(shi)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)方式要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)靈活多樣(yang)。長效機(ji)制，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)堅持培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)工(gong)作常抓不懈、二(er)是(shi)(shi)加強(qiang)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)信息的(de)(de)溝通傳遞工(gong)作、三是(shi)(shi)充分利用鄉鎮(zhen)“科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)信息服務(wu)站”的(de)(de)功(gong)能、四(si)是(shi)(shi)切實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)揮各鄉鎮(zhen)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)副職及“科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)服務(wu)團(tuan)隊”的(de)(de)作用等(deng)。具體材料(liao)請詳見：

一(yi)、要充分(fen)認識新型(xing)農民科技培訓(xun)工作的重(zhong)要意義

科(ke)技培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)是要(yao)努力培(pei)養(yang)一(yi)批有文化(hua)，具(ju)備(bei)一(yi)定科(ke)技知識，有較強商品經濟意(yi)識、致富意(yi)識和能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)新型農民(min)。對農民(min)進(jin)行科(ke)技培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)，是黨的(de)(de)(de)重托，是政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)職責、是農民(min)的(de)(de)(de)迫切需要(yao)。為(wei)進(jin)一(yi)步做好培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)工作，各鄉鎮黨委、政府(fu)要(yao)提高對這一(yi)活動重要(yao)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)認識。只有這樣(yang)，才(cai)能(neng)將這一(yi)活動深(shen)入(ru)、扎實、有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)起來，才(cai)能(neng)促進(jin)農民(min)科(ke)技培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)工作的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)入(ru)發展(zhan)。

1、新(xin)型農民科技培(pei)訓是(shi)貫徹落實黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十七(qi)屆(jie)三中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)精神的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十七(qi)屆(jie)三中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)是(shi)我黨(dang)在新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史時期召(zhao)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專門研究農村(cun)改革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)議，會(hui)議審(shen)議通(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央關于(yu)推進農村(cun)改革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)若干重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決定(ding)》，對農村(cun)改革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)作出(chu)(chu)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略部署(shu)，將推動(dong)農村(cun)改革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)從新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史起點出(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)，譜(pu)寫(xie)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)篇章。這對農業和(he)農村(cun)工作乃至具體(ti)到每位(wei)農民都是(shi)一次(ci)難得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機遇(yu)。此次(ci)培(pei)訓活動(dong)要(yao)(yao)將十七(qi)屆(jie)三中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)精神的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)達(da)作為重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內容，講解(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式要(yao)(yao)通(tong)俗(su)易懂，使廣大(da)農民能夠真(zhen)切理解(jie)(jie)，并用好黨(dang)關于(yu)農業和(he)農村(cun)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方針、政策。

2、新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民科技培(pei)訓(xun)是貫徹(che)落(luo)(luo)實科學發展(zhan)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村工作(zuo)中貫徹(che)落(luo)(luo)實科學發展(zhan)觀，其落(luo)(luo)腳點是全面加(jia)快推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。加(jia)快現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，就(jiu)是用(yong)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質條件裝備農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)，用(yong)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學技術(shu)改造(zao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)，用(yong)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織形式經營農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)，用(yong)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理理念指導農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)，提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綜合(he)生產(chan)(chan)能力(li)。現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本質，是由先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科技文化(hua)(hua)、先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)設施和現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民構成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。通(tong)過對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)科技培(pei)訓(xun)，就(jiu)是要(yao)推(tui)廣先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科技文化(hua)(hua)，培(pei)養(yang)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民，這(zhe)是落(luo)(luo)實科學發展(zhan)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)一項基礎(chu)性工作(zuo)。

3、新型(xing)農(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)技培訓是(shi)(shi)提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)學素質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)需要(yao)。推進(jin)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，首先要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)素質(zhi)(zhi)，提(ti)高(gao)他們的(de)科(ke)技意(yi)識(shi)。也就是(shi)(shi)要(yao)用(yong)先進(jin)的(de)科(ke)學技術(shu)改造傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產工藝，用(yong)現(xian)代(dai)的(de)經營理念(nian)發展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)產，從而促進(jin)農(nong)民(min)(min)生(sheng)產方式的(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。現(xian)在(zai)，農(nong)民(min)(min)增收致(zhi)富的(de)愿望和渴望非常強(qiang)烈，但是(shi)(shi)，農(nong)民(min)(min)整個群體(ti)生(sheng)活質(zhi)(zhi)量提(ti)高(gao)的(de)幅度(du)卻(que)不(bu)大，歸納起來有(you)三(san)點制約原因(yin)：一是(shi)(shi)缺少(shao)信息(xi)；二是(shi)(shi)缺少(shao)技術(shu)；三(san)是(shi)(shi)缺少(shao)資金。新型(xing)農(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)技培訓有(you)效破解了這(zhe)一難題(ti)，它(ta)給農(nong)民(min)(min)送知識(shi)、送技能、送信息(xi)，用(yong)知識(shi)武裝農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)頭腦，用(yong)技能增強(qiang)農(nong)民(min)(min)致(zhi)富的(de)本領。開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)技培訓是(shi)(shi)提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)民(min)(min)科(ke)學素質(zhi)(zhi)讓農(nong)民(min)(min)實(shi)現(xian)增收致(zhi)富的(de)一個重要(yao)舉(ju)措。