一、南(nan)昌(chang)的“水”特征

南(nan)昌(chang)(chang)是一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)山水(shui)都城(cheng)，“半城(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)光半城(cheng)山”，老城(cheng)區四湖(hu)(hu)點(dian)綴(zhui)，新城(cheng)區四湖(hu)(hu)環(huan)繞(rao)。可以說(shuo)，水(shui)是南(nan)昌(chang)(chang)一(yi)(yi)寶(bao)：贛江為脈(mo)，鄱(po)湖(hu)(hu)為鄰，內(nei)有(you)四湖(hu)(hu)，外有(you)四湖(hu)(hu)，水(shui)域(yu)面積占到了整個(ge)(ge)市(shi)區的(de)近三(san)分(fen)之一(yi)(yi)，為國內(nei)大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)少有(you)的(de)自然環(huan)境特色(se)。南(nan)昌(chang)(chang)在整治(zhi)青(qing)山湖(hu)(hu)、象湖(hu)(hu)、梅湖(hu)(hu)、艾溪湖(hu)(hu)，打造一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)湖(hu)(hu)濱市(shi)民公園的(de)同時，還(huan)充分(fen)依托(tuo)贛江、撫河(he)(he)以及梅嶺構建生態廊(lang)道，初步(bu)形成了山脈(mo)、水(shui)脈(mo)、人(ren)脈(mo)、文(wen)脈(mo)的(de)“四脈(mo)合一(yi)(yi)”。作為一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)河(he)(he)岸丘陵(ling)城(cheng)市(shi)，南(nan)昌(chang)(chang)地(di)形起伏變化(hua)，層次豐富(fu)，昌(chang)(chang)南(nan)沃野平川(chuan)，河(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)縱橫；昌(chang)(chang)北丘陵(ling)起伏，峰巒(luan)環(huan)翠(cui)，“山—水(shui)—城(cheng)”的(de)格(ge)局構成南(nan)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)市(shi)依山傍水(shui)的(de)獨特自然風(feng)貌和生態基礎。

二、什么(me)是生(sheng)態(tai)城市

生態(tai)城(cheng)市是根據生態(tai)學原理，應(ying)用生態(tai)、社(she)會、系(xi)統(tong)等工程技(ji)術建設(she)的(de)社(she)會、經濟、自然可持續(xu)發展和物質、能(neng)量、信(xin)息高效利用的(de)人類聚居地。生態(tai)城(cheng)市應(ying)滿足以(yi)下標準：

1.廣泛應用生態學原理規劃建設城市，城市結構合理、功(gong)能協調；

2.保護并高效利用一切自然(ran)資源與能源，產業結構合理，實現清潔生產；

一、從小(xiao)城鎮到小(xiao)型城市:動力與過程

(一)小型城市(shi)建設的(de)動力機制

從小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)向小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)轉變，背后(hou)的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)主要(yao)來(lai)源于(yu)在(zai)早(zao)期(qi)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)基礎(chu)上(shang)形成的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)聚(ju)壓(ya)力(li)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)統(tong)(tong)籌發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)，以(yi)(yi)及政(zheng)府(fu)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、提(ti)(ti)高政(zheng)府(fu)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。第(di)一，工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)聚(ju)的(de)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)用。杭(hang)州是(shi)我國(guo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)最(zui)早(zao)發(fa)(fa)源地(di)之(zhi)一。20世紀70年(nian)(nian)代末80年(nian)(nian)代初，社隊企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)起步并迅(xun)速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)壯大，隨后(hou)，鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)農村(cun)遍地(di)開花，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)了農村(cun)的(de)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)繁榮。20世紀90年(nian)(nian)代中后(hou)期(qi)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)群開始在(zai)各鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)出(chu)現，進而(er)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生了一批(pi)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)特色鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，如(ru)瓜瀝鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)形成了化(hua)(hua)纖織造(zao)、五金機(ji)械(xie)、電(dian)器電(dian)子三大主導產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，塘棲鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)形成了機(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)、裝(zhuang)備制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)等(deng)(deng)主導產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)(deng)。可(ke)(ke)見，農村(cun)的(de)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)聚(ju)集(ji)，為杭(hang)州新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)提(ti)(ti)供了產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支撐(cheng)。第(di)二，統(tong)(tong)籌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)轉型(xing)(xing)升級的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)連(lian)接城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，是(shi)區(qu)(qu)域經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)公共服務的(de)中心，統(tong)(tong)籌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)區(qu)(qu)域發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，變城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)二元對立為一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)，涉及到(dao)調整需(xu)求(qiu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)、供給結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)、要(yao)素(su)投入結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)、分配(pei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)區(qu)(qu)域經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)以(yi)(yi)及國(guo)土資源開發(fa)(fa)的(de)空(kong)間結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。從這(zhe)個意義上(shang)講，中心鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)聚(ju)不僅是(shi)農村(cun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、人口集(ji)聚(ju)、公共服務設(she)施(shi)共建(jian)(jian)的(de)重要(yao)支撐(cheng)，更是(shi)實現產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型(xing)(xing)升級、提(ti)(ti)升產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li)的(de)有效(xiao)途徑。第(di)三，地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)高綜合競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。為提(ti)(ti)高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li)，20世紀90年(nian)(nian)代中后(hou)期(qi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)開始經(jing)(jing)營(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。2005年(nian)(nian)，杭(hang)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)委(wei)書記王國(guo)平提(ti)(ti)出(chu)“將(jiang)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)從企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層(ceng)面延伸(shen)到(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)層(ceng)面，把城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)當作(zuo)最(zui)大的(de)國(guo)有資產(chan)(chan)(chan)來(lai)整體(ti)規劃、建(jian)(jian)設(she)、管(guan)理和(he)(he)(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)，最(zui)大限度地(di)促(cu)進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)增值，實現城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)可(ke)(ke)持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)”。為此(ci)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)還通過(guo)改革城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)管(guan)理體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)，提(ti)(ti)高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)活(huo)力(li)。1996年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，杭(hang)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)在(zai)中心鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)實施(shi)強(qiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)擴(kuo)權(quan)(quan)、擴(kuo)權(quan)(quan)強(qiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)等(deng)(deng)改革，向經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)強(qiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)下放管(guan)理權(quan)(quan)。在(zai)某種意義上(shang)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)吸(xi)引(yin)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)資源和(he)(he)(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場要(yao)素(su)，為在(zai)區(qu)(qu)域發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)中取(qu)得優勢的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。

(二)小型城市建設的過程分析

城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然結(jie)果。改革開放(fang)(fang)后，浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)迅速進(jin)入(ru)(ru)農(nong)村(cun)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時代(dai)(dai)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，其(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)起(qi)步(bu)較(jiao)早，其(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)歷(li)了(le)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)段:中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)階(jie)段:2007年，杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)19個(ge)(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)被列(lie)入(ru)(ru)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)行(xing)(xing)列(lie)，2008年，杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)要素等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)向(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)下(xia)放(fang)(fang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)限，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)度，即“強(qiang)(qiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)擴(kuo)權(quan)”改革。為(wei)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)增強(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)輻射帶動能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，加(jia)快(kuai)社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程，2009年，杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推進(jin)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)“擴(kuo)權(quan)強(qiang)(qiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)擴(kuo)大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)會管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)限，激發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)活力(li)(li)(li)(li)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)階(jie)段:2010年，杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了(le)《“十二(er)五”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)》，提出(chu)“把人(ren)(ren)口(kou)數量多(duo)、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)好、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)潛(qian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)大(da)、區(qu)位(wei)條件(jian)優(you)、帶動能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)成(cheng)為(wei)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)委(wei)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府先后制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了(le)《關于(yu)以新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)統(tong)籌發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)見》、《關于(yu)加(jia)快(kuai)杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)金(jin)融服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)見》、《杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)扶(fu)持資金(jin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)》等(deng)(deng)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。2011年，杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)臺《關于(yu)加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若(ruo)干意(yi)見》，提出(chu)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)統(tong)籌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)功(gong)能(neng)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)到小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨越，加(jia)速區(qu)域(yu)(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)會發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程。”2012年，浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)首批(pi)27個(ge)(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓜瀝(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、塘棲鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、分(fen)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)登鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)被列(lie)為(wei)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)對(dui)(dui)象。在較(jiao)早工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)聚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)，杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府通(tong)過(guo)完(wan)善城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，走差異(yi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道(dao)路，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)梯次銜接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)初步(bu)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu))—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(五個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))—小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen))—特(te)(te)色(se)(se)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)村(cun)—特(te)(te)色(se)(se)村(cun)”梯次銜接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。同時，重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)27個(ge)(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，把它們建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)聚、功(gong)能(neng)集(ji)成(cheng)、聯(lian)結(jie)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)“風(feng)情(qing)(qing)(qing)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。各(ge)區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))根據本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)實(shi)(shi)際，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)各(ge)具(ju)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)格(ge)局。杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)27個(ge)(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)全(quan)部(bu)完(wan)成(cheng)了(le)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利用規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，24個(ge)(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)新(xin)(xin)(xin)編(bian)和(he)(he)修編(bian)了(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)域(yu)(yu)總體(ti)(ti)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，13個(ge)(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)新(xin)(xin)(xin)編(bian)和(he)(he)修編(bian)了(le)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)。第(di)二(er)，采取(qu)(qu)多(duo)種小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)模(mo)(mo)式，走差異(yi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道(dao)路。杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據區(qu)域(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)，采取(qu)(qu)三(san)種小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)模(mo)(mo)式:組(zu)團(tuan)帶動鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)模(mo)(mo)式、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)副(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)(mo)式、“風(feng)情(qing)(qing)(qing)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”模(mo)(mo)式。組(zu)團(tuan)帶動鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)模(mo)(mo)式是(shi)(shi)(shi)“以組(zu)團(tuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)帶動組(zu)團(tuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、特(te)(te)色(se)(se)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)內(nei)部(bu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)共(gong)(gong)享，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)獨立(li)、各(ge)具(ju)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)、設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)善、環境(jing)優(you)美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)群”，通(tong)過(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)諸如工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)教園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)(deng)功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)，吸(xi)引(yin)杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)聚集(ji)，減小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)與(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)副(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)(mo)式是(shi)(shi)(shi)在杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)外，“選(xuan)擇若(ruo)干綜(zong)合(he)實(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)、基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)條件(jian)好、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)潛(qian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)作為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)副(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)……形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)向(xiang)上(shang)聯(lian)結(jie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、向(xiang)下(xia)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務帶動周邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局”，分(fen)散縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。“風(feng)情(qing)(qing)(qing)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”模(mo)(mo)式，是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)有(you)(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)、人(ren)(ren)文、田(tian)(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)生態(tai)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，通(tong)過(guo)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)提升、旅(lv)游(you)拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、村(cun)莊(zhuang)整(zheng)治、土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)項(xiang)目(mu)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)田(tian)(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)涵豐富(fu)、生態(tai)功(gong)能(neng)健全(quan)、江(jiang)(jiang)南風(feng)情(qing)(qing)(qing)明顯、體(ti)(ti)現(xian)杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“風(feng)情(qing)(qing)(qing)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”。第(di)三(san)，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，逐步(bu)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。在小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)上(shang)，杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)積極創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)放(fang)(fang)事(shi)權(quan)與(yu)財(cai)(cai)權(quan)，賦予中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)決策(ce)、項(xiang)目(mu)審(shen)批(pi)、社(she)會管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、綜(zong)合(he)執(zhi)法(fa)和(he)(he)檢(jian)查(cha)特(te)(te)許等(deng)(deng)涉(she)及13個(ge)(ge)(ge)部(bu)門44項(xiang)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)事(shi)項(xiang)及權(quan)限，使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)具(ju)有(you)(you)與(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))級政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府基(ji)(ji)本(ben)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務權(quan)、社(she)會事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務權(quan)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)權(quan)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)與(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)適應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)級財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)級財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)按(an)當年地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收入(ru)(ru)比核定(ding)(ding)收入(ru)(ru)基(ji)(ji)數，增收部(bu)分(fen)全(quan)額留鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)使(shi)用，在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)范圍內(nei)收取(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)費和(he)(he)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出(chu)讓金(jin)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方留成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)按(an)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)全(quan)額用于(yu)該鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)相(xiang)關項(xiang)目(mu)和(he)(he)事(shi)務。對(dui)(dui)派駐機(ji)(ji)構(gou)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)雙重(zhong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，各(ge)派駐機(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負責(ze)人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)層干部(bu)任免、調整(zheng)，均(jun)需征(zheng)得鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)黨委(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府同意(yi)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務供給機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，完(wan)善小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教育(yu)(yu)、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、衛生、體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)等(deng)(deng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚集(ji)與(yu)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升。省(sheng)(sheng)級小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綜(zong)合(he)執(zhi)法(fa)、就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)保障(zhang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應急維穩四個(ge)(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務覆蓋小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周邊(bian)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，省(sheng)(sheng)級小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)均(jun)日辦(ban)(ban)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)事(shi)項(xiang)264項(xiang)，辦(ban)(ban)結(jie)率(lv)達99．5%;就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)保障(zhang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)累(lei)計介紹就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)10060人(ren)(ren)次，解決勞資糾紛500多(duo)起(qi);鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)均(jun)有(you)(you)執(zhi)法(fa)資格(ge)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)20人(ren)(ren)，行(xing)(xing)使(shi)110項(xiang)執(zhi)法(fa)事(shi)項(xiang);應急維穩中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)排(pai)除(chu)事(shi)故(gu)隱(yin)患，快(kuai)速處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)各(ge)類(lei)糾紛;試(shi)點(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)學前教育(yu)(yu)普及率(lv)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)義務教育(yu)(yu)集(ji)聚率(lv)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段毛入(ru)(ru)學率(lv)分(fen)別達到99．59%、93．98%、99．58%，比2010年分(fen)別提高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)2．72%、10．48%、4．08%;千(qian)人(ren)(ren)醫院床位(wei)數為(wei)5．31張，千(qian)人(ren)(ren)醫生數為(wei)3．61人(ren)(ren)。簡(jian)言之(zhi)，杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導下(xia)，通(tong)過(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)多(duo)層級網絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，采取(qu)(qu)多(duo)種城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)模(mo)(mo)式，走差異(yi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道(dao)路，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聚集(ji)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡協調發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

二(er)、小(xiao)型城市(shi)建設存在的(de)主(zhu)要問題

摘要：園林城市建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)是黨的(de)(de)(de)十七大提出建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)生態文(wen)明的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)觀需(xu)要和(he)必然(ran)要求(qiu)(qiu)，是發展民族(zu)文(wen)化特色、城市化程度(du)進一(yi)步提高(gao)等方面的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)和(he)需(xu)要。從德(de)(de)令哈園林城市建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本現(xian)狀、面臨的(de)(de)(de)困難和(he)存在的(de)(de)(de)問題進行(xing)了認真研(yan)究與(yu)(yu)分析，提出了德(de)(de)令哈園林城市建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)實現(xian)人與(yu)(yu)自然(ran)和(he)諧相處的(de)(de)(de)可持(chi)續(xu)發展的(de)(de)(de)對策建(jian)(jian)議(yi)。

關鍵詞：園林(lin)城市建設；生態文明；德令哈；現狀；問(wen)題；對策

園(yuan)(yuan)林城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)是(shi)黨的(de)(de)十七大提(ti)出建(jian)設(she)生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)客觀需(xu)要和(he)(he)(he)必(bi)(bi)然要求。加(jia)強生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設(she)，實現(xian)(xian)人與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然和(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)相處的(de)(de)可持(chi)續(xu)發展，是(shi)經(jing)濟社會(hui)(hui)發展的(de)(de)必(bi)(bi)由之路。更是(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)林城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)必(bi)(bi)由之路和(he)(he)(he)當務之急。園(yuan)(yuan)林城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)是(shi)發展民族文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特色(se)、城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)進一(yi)步提(ti)高、我(wo)國(guo)(guo)進入(ru)老齡化(hua)(hua)(hua)社會(hui)(hui)、工作時間的(de)(de)縮(suo)短，閑暇時間增多的(de)(de)要求和(he)(he)(he)需(xu)要。“園(yuan)(yuan)林城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)”是(shi)在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)這種特殊的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)提(ti)出來的(de)(de)，前身是(shi)錢學森先生(sheng)提(ti)出的(de)(de)“山水(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)”，有(you)(you)些類似于歐洲(zhou)國(guo)(guo)家提(ti)出的(de)(de)“花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)”。國(guo)(guo)家建(jian)設(she)部(bu)《園(yuan)(yuan)林城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)評選標準》中(zhong)指出，園(yuan)(yuan)林城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)就是(shi)要：“保護城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)依托的(de)(de)自(zi)然山川地貌(mao)(mao)，搞好大環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)，改(gai)善城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態，形(xing)成(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)獨有(you)(you)的(de)(de)風貌(mao)(mao)特色(se)。”它的(de)(de)總(zong)目標是(shi)“空氣清新(xin)，環(huan)境(jing)優美(mei)，生(sheng)態良好，人居和(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)”。本(ben)文(wen)立足德令(ling)(ling)(ling)哈(ha)實際,從德令(ling)(ling)(ling)哈(ha)園(yuan)(yuan)林城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)基本(ben)現(xian)(xian)狀、面臨的(de)(de)困難和(he)(he)(he)存在的(de)(de)問(wen)題進行了調查、研究(jiu)與(yu)(yu)分析,為(wei)使德令(ling)(ling)(ling)哈(ha)園(yuan)(yuan)林城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)實現(xian)(xian)人與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然和(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)相處的(de)(de)可持(chi)續(xu)發展提(ti)出了對策建(jian)議(yi)。

一、德令哈園林(lin)城市建設的基本現狀

2000年以(yi)來，德令(ling)哈(ha)市(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)為(wei)基礎，以(yi)項(xiang)目(mu)為(wei)龍頭(tou)，以(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)基礎設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)為(wei)重點(dian)，以(yi)內在動力為(wei)保證，多方投入，逐步(bu)推進，相繼建成(cheng)22條(tiao)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)（次(ci)）干道(dao)(dao)。中心廣(guang)(guang)場、體育廣(guang)(guang)場、垃圾(ji)處理(li)場及公(gong)(gong)園等一批(pi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)公(gong)(gong)用(yong)設(she)(she)施項(xiang)目(mu)，加快了(le)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)亮化、綠(lv)化等工程建設(she)(she)步(bu)伐，城市(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)貌煥然一新。形成(cheng)了(le)以(yi)烏蘭路(lu)(lu)(lu)、柴達(da)(da)木路(lu)(lu)(lu)、格爾木路(lu)(lu)(lu)、天峻路(lu)(lu)(lu)、都蘭路(lu)(lu)(lu)、緯四路(lu)(lu)(lu)、戰前(qian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)（七(qi)橫）為(wei)橫線，以(yi)環城東路(lu)(lu)(lu)、環城西路(lu)(lu)(lu)、黃河路(lu)(lu)(lu)、長江路(lu)(lu)(lu)、祁(qi)連路(lu)(lu)(lu)、昆侖路(lu)(lu)(lu)（六縱(zong)）為(wei)縱(zong)線的(de)“七(qi)橫六縱(zong)”的(de)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)框架。截至目(mu)前(qian)，完(wan)成(cheng)詳(xiang)細(xi)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)編制面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)約(yue)443.99公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)區詳(xiang)細(xi)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)編制覆(fu)(fu)蓋率(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)37%。城市(shi)(shi)(shi)建成(cheng)區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)12平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。建成(cheng)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)總(zong)長62.48公(gong)(gong)里(li)，建成(cheng)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)131.4萬平(ping)方米，城鎮居民人(ren)均(jun)擁有道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)30.99平(ping)方米；城鎮居民人(ren)均(jun)居住面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)19平(ping)方米；供水(shui)管網達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)143公(gong)(gong)里(li)，自來水(shui)普(pu)及率(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)95%；排水(shui)管網達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)42.81公(gong)(gong)里(li)，城市(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)化覆(fu)(fu)蓋面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)229公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，城市(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)化覆(fu)(fu)蓋率(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)19.08%；城市(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)綠(lv)地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)24.3公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，園林(lin)綠(lv)地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)205公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，城市(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)地率(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)19.1%；城鎮居民人(ren)均(jun)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)綠(lv)地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)5.73平(ping)方米；生活垃圾(ji)處理(li)率(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)90%。

按照建設“西部園林(lin)(lin)(lin)城市(shi)(shi)”的要求，以“一(yi)街(jie)(jie)一(yi)樹(shu)種(zhong)、一(yi)街(jie)(jie)一(yi)特(te)色”為目標，以城市(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)路、廣(guang)場(chang)、庭院綠化(hua)為重點，扎實推(tui)進園林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠化(hua)和林(lin)(lin)(lin)業五大工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，生態(tai)建設取得新(xin)進展。2007年(nian)春秋兩季共(gong)投(tou)入資金2340萬(wan)元，完成了黃(huang)河(he)(he)北(bei)路、站前路等15條新(xin)建道(dao)(dao)路綠化(hua)和梨(li)園路、格爾木東(dong)路等17條道(dao)(dao)路補栽任務，組織實施了東(dong)山三角花(hua)園、河(he)(he)東(dong)派(pai)出所(suo)南綠地2處(chu)新(xin)建街(jie)(jie)頭和慶華廣(guang)場(chang)、中心廣(guang)場(chang)等6處(chu)公共(gong)綠地綠化(hua)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)以及83個機關單位庭院綠化(hua)工(gong)作(zuo)，綠化(hua)總面積1033畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，新(xin)增綠地265畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，苗木成活率和保存率均達85%以上，是歷年(nian)來(lai)綠化(hua)成效(xiao)最為顯著的一(yi)年(nian)。完成了退耕還林(lin)(lin)(lin)（草(cao)）任務0.4萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，荒(huang)山造(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)種(zhong)草(cao)8萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，農田防(fang)護(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)更(geng)新(xin)改造(zao)(zao)(zao)950畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，經濟(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)4420畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，國家重點公益林(lin)(lin)(lin)補植補栽1.2萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，高效(xiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)營造(zao)(zao)(zao)800畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，低效(xiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)改造(zao)(zao)(zao)700畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，“三北(bei)”防(fang)護(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)四期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)2200畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)業有害生物防(fang)治9.59萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。

1城(cheng)市防(fang)洪(hong)工程與(yu)城(cheng)市總(zong)體規劃

一(yi)個(ge)城市的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展方向(xiang)和(he)目標必須(xu)依靠城市的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)規劃(hua)(hua)，而城市的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)規劃(hua)(hua)包括了城市的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)方面。當今城市的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設已不同(tong)(tong)程(cheng)度地改(gai)變城區(qu)河道的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然形態(tai)，也不同(tong)(tong)程(cheng)度地改(gai)變洪(hong)水與(yu)城市的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。

1.1防(fang)洪現狀(zhuang)及存在問題

福清市城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)范圍內(nei)侵占河道(dao)圍田、造地、建房、亂倒垃圾、河道(dao)淤積嚴重(zhong)等違章現象(xiang)屢禁不(bu)止(zhi)，嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)河道(dao)的(de)行洪(hong)(hong)能力，同時危及防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)(hong)堤(di)、排澇站的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)；城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)下(xia)水(shui)道(dao)大部分被覆蓋(gai)，每(mei)逢下(xia)一場中到大雨，城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)常出現內(nei)澇，排水(shui)不(bu)暢，影響(xiang)人們(men)正常的(de)生活(huo)、工作(zuo)秩序；龍江、太城(cheng)溪、虎溪上(shang)游多座小(xiao)（一）型水(shui)庫均建于上(shang)世紀五十、六十年代，存在著許多安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患。使城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)人民和財(cai)產缺(que)乏(fa)安(an)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)證，在防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)(hong)非工程措(cuo)施方(fang)面，存在著防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)(hong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管理制度不(bu)完善(shan)，蓄洪(hong)(hong)、行洪(hong)(hong)空間被擠占，流域天然滯蓄洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)能力下(xia)降；防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)(hong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)風險意識不(bu)強；防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)(hong)調(diao)度方(fang)案不(bu)完善(shan)等。

1.2防洪(hong)規劃(hua)應注意的問(wen)題

防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)體系建設(she)應堅持(chi)以人為本(ben)、社會經濟發展與自然環境和(he)(he)諧共處(chu)的原則，加快重(zhong)點地區(qu)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)工程建設(she)，提高(gao)主城(cheng)市和(he)(he)重(zhong)點地區(qu)的防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)能(neng)力，在防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)體系的建設(she)中應注(zhu)意綜合(he)分析確(que)定(ding)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)標準、合(he)理確(que)定(ding)堤距、防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)建設(she)與城(cheng)市功能(neng)相結合(he)以及在注(zhu)重(zhong)生態建設(she)的同時做(zuo)好防(fang)(fang)御山(shan)洪(hong)規(gui)劃。

摘(zhai)要(yao)：園(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)市建(jian)設(she)是(shi)黨的十七(qi)大提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)建(jian)設(she)生態文明(ming)的客(ke)觀需(xu)要(yao)和(he)必然要(yao)求，是(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)民族(zu)文化(hua)特色、城(cheng)市化(hua)程(cheng)度進(jin)一步提(ti)(ti)高等方面的要(yao)求和(he)需(xu)要(yao)。從(cong)德令哈(ha)園(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)市建(jian)設(she)的基本現(xian)(xian)狀、面臨的困難和(he)存在的問題進(jin)行了認真(zhen)研究與分析，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了德令哈(ha)園(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)市建(jian)設(she)實現(xian)(xian)人與自然和(he)諧相處的可持續發展(zhan)(zhan)的對策(ce)建(jian)議。

關鍵詞：園(yuan)林(lin)城市建設；生(sheng)態文明(ming)；德令哈；現狀；問題；對(dui)策(ce)

園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)是(shi)(shi)黨的(de)十七大提(ti)(ti)出(chu)建(jian)設(she)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明的(de)客(ke)觀需要和必然(ran)要求。加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明建(jian)設(she)，實現人(ren)與自然(ran)和諧相(xiang)處的(de)可持續發展(zhan)，是(shi)(shi)經濟社(she)會發展(zhan)的(de)必由之(zhi)路。更是(shi)(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)的(de)必由之(zhi)路和當務(wu)之(zhi)急(ji)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)是(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)民族文(wen)化特(te)色、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)化程度進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)(ti)高、我國(guo)進(jin)入老齡(ling)化社(she)會、工作時(shi)間的(de)縮短，閑暇時(shi)間增多的(de)要求和需要。“園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)”是(shi)(shi)在(zai)中國(guo)這種特(te)殊的(de)環境(jing)中提(ti)(ti)出(chu)來的(de)，前身是(shi)(shi)錢學森先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)的(de)“山水城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)”，有(you)些類似于(yu)歐(ou)洲國(guo)家提(ti)(ti)出(chu)的(de)“花園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)”。國(guo)家建(jian)設(she)部(bu)《園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)評選標(biao)準》中指出(chu)，園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)就是(shi)(shi)要：“保護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)依托的(de)自然(ran)山川地貌，搞(gao)好大環境(jing)的(de)綠(lv)化建(jian)設(she)，改善城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態，形成(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)獨有(you)的(de)風(feng)貌特(te)色。”它的(de)總(zong)目標(biao)是(shi)(shi)“空氣清新，環境(jing)優美，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態良(liang)好，人(ren)居(ju)和諧”。本文(wen)立足德令哈(ha)(ha)實際,從德令哈(ha)(ha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)的(de)基本現狀、面臨的(de)困難和存在(zai)的(de)問(wen)題進(jin)行了調查、研究與分析,為使德令哈(ha)(ha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)實現人(ren)與自然(ran)和諧相(xiang)處的(de)可持續發展(zhan)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了對策(ce)建(jian)議。

一、德令哈(ha)園林城市建設的基(ji)本現狀

2000年(nian)以來(lai)，德令哈市(shi)(shi)以規(gui)劃為(wei)基礎，以項目為(wei)龍頭(tou)，以市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)基礎設施建(jian)設為(wei)重點，以內在動力為(wei)保證，多方(fang)(fang)(fang)投入，逐步推進，相繼建(jian)成22條城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)主（次）干(gan)道(dao)。中心廣場、體育(yu)廣場、垃圾(ji)處理(li)場及(ji)公(gong)(gong)園等一批市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)公(gong)(gong)用設施項目，加快了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)亮(liang)化、綠(lv)化等工程(cheng)建(jian)設步伐，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)面(mian)貌煥然一新。形成了以烏蘭路(lu)(lu)(lu)、柴達(da)(da)(da)木(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、格爾木(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、天峻路(lu)(lu)(lu)、都(dou)蘭路(lu)(lu)(lu)、緯(wei)四路(lu)(lu)(lu)、戰前路(lu)(lu)(lu)（七橫(heng)）為(wei)橫(heng)線(xian)(xian)，以環(huan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東路(lu)(lu)(lu)、環(huan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西路(lu)(lu)(lu)、黃河路(lu)(lu)(lu)、長江路(lu)(lu)(lu)、祁連路(lu)(lu)(lu)、昆侖(lun)路(lu)(lu)(lu)（六縱(zong)）為(wei)縱(zong)線(xian)(xian)的“七橫(heng)六縱(zong)”的道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)框架。截至目前，完成詳細規(gui)劃編制面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約443.99公(gong)(gong)頃，市(shi)(shi)區詳細規(gui)劃編制覆(fu)蓋(gai)率達(da)(da)(da)37%。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)成區面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)到12平方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。建(jian)成道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)總長62.48公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，建(jian)成道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)131.4萬(wan)平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)民人(ren)均擁有(you)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)到30.99平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)民人(ren)均居(ju)住面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)到19平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米；供水(shui)(shui)管(guan)網達(da)(da)(da)到143公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)普及(ji)率達(da)(da)(da)95%；排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)網達(da)(da)(da)到42.81公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)綠(lv)化覆(fu)蓋(gai)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)到229公(gong)(gong)頃，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)綠(lv)化覆(fu)蓋(gai)率達(da)(da)(da)19.08%；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)共綠(lv)地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)24.3公(gong)(gong)頃，園林綠(lv)地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)205公(gong)(gong)頃，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)綠(lv)地率達(da)(da)(da)19.1%；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)民人(ren)均公(gong)(gong)共綠(lv)地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)5.73平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米；生(sheng)活垃圾(ji)處理(li)率達(da)(da)(da)90%。

按(an)照建(jian)(jian)設“西部園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)城市”的(de)要(yao)求，以(yi)“一(yi)街一(yi)樹(shu)種、一(yi)街一(yi)特色”為目標，以(yi)城市道(dao)(dao)路、廣場(chang)、庭(ting)院綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為重點(dian)(dian)，扎實(shi)推進園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業五大(da)工(gong)程(cheng)，生態建(jian)(jian)設取得新(xin)進展。2007年春秋兩季共投入(ru)資金(jin)2340萬(wan)(wan)元，完(wan)成了黃河北路、站前路等15條(tiao)(tiao)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)道(dao)(dao)路綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)梨園(yuan)(yuan)路、格(ge)爾木東(dong)路等17條(tiao)(tiao)道(dao)(dao)路補(bu)栽任務(wu)，組織實(shi)施了東(dong)山三角(jiao)花園(yuan)(yuan)、河東(dong)派出所南綠(lv)(lv)地2處(chu)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)街頭和(he)慶華(hua)廣場(chang)、中心廣場(chang)等6處(chu)公共綠(lv)(lv)地綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)程(cheng)以(yi)及(ji)83個機(ji)關(guan)單(dan)位庭(ting)院綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)作，綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)總面積1033畝(mu)，新(xin)增綠(lv)(lv)地265畝(mu)，苗木成活率(lv)和(he)保(bao)存率(lv)均(jun)達85%以(yi)上，是歷年來綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)成效(xiao)(xiao)最為顯著的(de)一(yi)年。完(wan)成了退(tui)耕(geng)還林(lin)(lin)(lin)（草）任務(wu)0.4萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，荒(huang)山造林(lin)(lin)(lin)種草8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，農田防(fang)護林(lin)(lin)(lin)更新(xin)改造950畝(mu)，經濟林(lin)(lin)(lin)4420畝(mu)，國家重點(dian)(dian)公益林(lin)(lin)(lin)補(bu)植補(bu)栽1.2萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，高效(xiao)(xiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)營造800畝(mu)，低效(xiao)(xiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)改造700畝(mu)，“三北”防(fang)護林(lin)(lin)(lin)四期工(gong)程(cheng)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)2200畝(mu)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)業有害生物防(fang)治9.59萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。

1信(xin)息消費與人的生態發展

消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)花費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)以智能(neng)手機(ji)為(wei)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)產品(pin)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間和(he)(he)精力究竟有多少是(shi)真(zhen)正滿足主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)和(he)(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，有多少部(bu)分(fen)是(shi)損害了(le)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利益而產生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)負效應，和(he)(he)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)失去了(le)聯(lian)系(xi)，從(cong)而導致了(le)人在(zai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)活動中失去了(le)主(zhu)體性(xing)地(di)位(wei)而淪為(wei)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)客(ke)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奴隸。因(yin)此，人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)(he)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)辨證(zheng)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人在(zai)什么意義上消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，他就在(zai)什么意義上把(ba)自(zi)身再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產出來。信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)也是(shi)如此：合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)會再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產出健(jian)康和(he)(he)諧(xie)及生(sheng)(sheng)態發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個體；不合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)會再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產出不健(jian)康及生(sheng)(sheng)活質量低下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個體。智慧(hui)城市建(jian)設以及信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值訴求(qiu)歸根到底是(shi)遵循以人為(wei)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念，從(cong)而人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)狀態是(shi)規約信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)因(yin)素。

2信息(xi)消(xiao)費的安全(quan)風險：高度組織的社會(hui)化和個人自(zi)由、個人隱(yin)私之間的倫理悖論

智慧城(cheng)市建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全方(fang)位拓展(zhan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活等(deng)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)也(ye)帶來(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)，那就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高度(du)組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)(he)(he)(he)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)由(you)、個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)隱(yin)(yin)私(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)式(shi)微。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫理維(wei)度(du)審(shen)思有兩個(ge)(ge)層面(mian)(mian):首先(xian)，信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)中(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)多元化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)價是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)私(si)(si)(si)密信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)露(lu)(lu)為代(dai)(dai)價。和(he)(he)(he)(he)傳統(tong)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)相比，現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但這(zhe)種選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)更(geng)多是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被事(shi)先(xian)安排和(he)(he)(he)(he)陳設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。“在(zai)(zai)前工業(ye)(ye)(ye)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)，談話和(he)(he)(he)(he)記憶是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)搜(sou)集(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)儲存(cun)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)方(fang)式(shi)；而(er)(er)現在(zai)(zai)，搜(sou)集(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)儲存(cun)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段(duan)多種多樣(yang)(yang)，諸如(ru)(ru)計(ji)算(suan)機化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記錄(lu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)書(shu)面(mian)(mian)記錄(lu)、兼容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫、甚至(zhi)包括用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)銀(yin)行(xing)電(dian)子(zi)銀(yin)行(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常測量等(deng)等(deng)，并且(qie)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)量隨(sui)著時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流逝會(hui)(hui)(hui)累積。”曼紐爾·卡斯特在(zai)(zai)《網(wang)絡社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)——跨文化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視角(jiao)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)詳細(xi)(xi)闡釋了(le)(le)(le)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)外(wai)泄(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程：“例(li)如(ru)(ru)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)沖浪者(zhe)(zhe)讀了(le)(le)(le)網(wang)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)本關于(yu)蕭條方(fang)面(mian)(mian)書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評論，接(jie)著又在(zai)(zai)電(dian)子(zi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)聞版(ban)上點擊(ji)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)好(hao)萊塢明(ming)星自(zi)殺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)聞，那么關于(yu)其(qi)(qi)買書(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)讀新(xin)(xin)(xin)聞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣、名(ming)字、地(di)(di)址和(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)話號碼以及其(qi)(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些潛在(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)可能(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)被賣到人(ren)(ren)(ren)壽保險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司（它可能(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)取消(xiao)(xiao)針對(dui)(dui)此(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保險(xian)(xian)方(fang)針），或(huo)(huo)賣給醫藥銷售公(gong)司（它可能(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)給此(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)發送藥品申購(gou)單(dan)），甚至(zhi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)賣給一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)公(gong)墓（提供‘預先(xian)計(ji)劃’）。用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)訪(fang)問(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)站次數(shu)(shu)越(yue)(yue)多，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)就(jiu)越(yue)(yue)詳細(xi)(xi)，相互關聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)就(jiu)變(bian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)特征。”雖然信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)收(shou)集(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隱(yin)(yin)秘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)泄(xie)露(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)果(guo)幾乎(hu)每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)都遭(zao)遇過(guo)。“在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)市中(zhong)(zhong)我(wo)(wo)們(men)或(huo)(huo)許(xu)可以輕易(yi)地(di)(di)擺脫家(jia)庭和(he)(he)(he)(he)朋友(you)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)度(du)控制，但我(wo)(wo)們(men)幾乎(hu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)逃避稅收(shou)部(bu)門、醫療服(fu)(fu)務(wu)機構(gou)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)地(di)(di)方(fang)性(xing)權(quan)力(li)機構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)視。……包括購(gou)物偏好(hao)、性(xing)取向、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)以及政(zheng)治(zhi)忠誠等(deng)，這(zhe)些信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)異常私(si)(si)(si)密，絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)泄(xie)露(lu)(lu)提供資(zi)料者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況，更(geng)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)指明(ming)資(zi)料代(dai)(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)對(dui)(dui)象。如(ru)(ru)此(ci)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活境(jing)遇，不(bu)(bu)難想象，如(ru)(ru)今人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)遭(zao)受(shou)最嚴密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)視，其(qi)(qi)程度(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)此(ci)之強以至(zhi)于(yu)雖然他們(men)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活在(zai)(zai)陌(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)，但他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)私(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活卻比以往(wang)任何(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)私(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活都要(yao)更(geng)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)所知。”收(shou)集(ji)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)類信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)現代(dai)(dai)各(ge)類組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運作(zuo)至(zhi)關重要(yao)，反過(guo)來(lai)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)也(ye)從中(zhong)(zhong)感(gan)受(shou)到了(le)(le)(le)益處，個(ge)(ge)性(xing)化(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)、多樣(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)都能(neng)得到滿(man)足(zu)(zu)，選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)程度(du)也(ye)增加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，個(ge)(ge)性(xing)化(hua)(hua)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)私(si)(si)(si)密信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)讓渡為代(dai)(dai)價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)(er)且(qie)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)程度(du)越(yue)(yue)高也(ye)代(dai)(dai)表著個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)被收(shou)集(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)掌握的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)越(yue)(yue)高。其(qi)(qi)次，信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)僅面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)著個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)隱(yin)(yin)私(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)露(lu)(lu)，而(er)(er)且(qie)還面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)著因(yin)為對(dui)(dui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)產(chan)品和(he)(he)(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知情(qing)(qing)權(quan)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)喪(sang)失(shi)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。比如(ru)(ru)，2010年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國內(nei)互聯網(wang)絡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“3Q大戰”讓普通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)對(dui)(dui)互聯網(wang)絡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)有了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)：原來(lai)網(wang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即時(shi)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)還有泄(xie)漏隱(yin)(yin)私(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危險(xian)(xian)。而(er)(er)且(qie)，更(geng)為關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，當用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)已(yi)經將QQ作(zuo)為工作(zuo)、社(she)(she)交(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)平臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，突然要(yao)求(qiu)被選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)繼續消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)放棄(qi)，大部(bu)分用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)有選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)嗎？因(yin)為放棄(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)QQ這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)聊天工具，放棄(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)許(xu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)期積累下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、已(yi)經習(xi)慣了(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)、工作(zuo)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)(she)交(jiao)(jiao)方(fang)式(shi)。正如(ru)(ru)馬爾庫塞在(zai)(zai)《單(dan)向度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)》中(zhong)(zhong)分析(xi)發達工業(ye)(ye)(ye)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)，技術(shu)成(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)種統(tong)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi)形態那樣(yang)(yang)，給人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種“舒(shu)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)自(zi)由(you)”,在(zai)(zai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)日(ri)益廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)今天，消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)享受(shou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)產(chan)品和(he)(he)(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)和(he)(he)(he)(he)舒(shu)適同時(shi)，也(ye)逐(zhu)漸失(shi)去應(ying)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知情(qing)(qing)權(quan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權(quan)。知情(qing)(qing)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)去是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品和(he)(he)(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)認知的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱，信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)多掌握在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)技術(shu)專家(jia)手中(zhong)(zhong)；而(er)(er)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)去其(qi)(qi)實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)廣告宣(xuan)傳媒體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種結盟，對(dui)(dui)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種誘(you)導和(he)(he)(he)(he)操控。而(er)(er)且(qie)，這(zhe)種信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)稱和(he)(he)(he)(he)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操控是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隱(yin)(yin)含(han)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)旦產(chan)品消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)出現問(wen)題，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、科技專家(jia)、媒體(ti)(ti)甚至(zhi)政(zheng)府(fu)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)部(bu)門都會(hui)(hui)(hui)被公(gong)眾(zhong)置于(yu)審(shen)判臺(tai)前接(jie)受(shou)拷問(wen)。長(chang)此(ci)以往(wang)，消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)任、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形象、媒體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)力(li)，政(zheng)府(fu)監(jian)管(guan)部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)威都將逐(zhu)漸喪(sang)失(shi)，整個(ge)(ge)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)將陷入信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)任危機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)地(di)(di)。

3智慧城市建設中信(xin)息消費引發的(de)社會公平風險

智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)活動引發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)平(ping)風險可(ke)以(yi)從(cong)以(yi)下幾個(ge)方面(mian)分(fen)(fen)析：首(shou)先，信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拓展(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量。信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)一(yi)般意(yi)義上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)概(gai)念中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衍生(sheng)(sheng)出來(lai)，和(he)(he)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)特征相(xiang)吻合，通(tong)常(chang)包括貧困性(xing)(xing)、邊緣(yuan)化(hua)、低層次性(xing)(xing)、脆弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)性(xing)(xing)、被剝(bo)奪感強等(deng)五個(ge)方面(mian)。除(chu)此(ci)之外(wai)，信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)更凸顯因(yin)綜(zong)合因(yin)素引發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)水(shui)平(ping)低下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征。因(yin)此(ci)，除(chu)了(le)通(tong)常(chang)意(yi)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之外(wai)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)居民中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)年齡、性(xing)(xing)別(bie)等(deng)因(yin)素而(er)(er)導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)低下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)也(ye)在(zai)(zai)智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設大潮中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處于(yu)(yu)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)狀態。因(yin)此(ci)，從(cong)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)(shang)看，智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)數(shu)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)次，智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)擠壓信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)存空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險。現(xian)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居民，不(bu)(bu)僅居住(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)鋼筋混凝土構(gou)(gou)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“現(xian)實”城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，還(huan)同(tong)時棲身于(yu)(yu)數(shu)字網(wang)絡(luo)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“虛(xu)(xu)擬”城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，“物質(zhi)世界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虛(xu)(xu)擬化(hua)使(shi)(shi)得城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)共空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)開(kai)始面(mian)臨新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰和(he)(he)機遇，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)及建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)審美觀(guan)(guan)念已經突破了(le)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)界(jie)限，形(xing)成了(le)實體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)與虛(xu)(xu)擬空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、現(xian)實存在(zai)(zai)與虛(xu)(xu)擬建(jian)(jian)構(gou)(gou)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交互(hu)聯(lian)系共同(tong)存在(zai)(zai)”。生(sheng)(sheng)活在(zai)(zai)實體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)方式對于(yu)(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)相(xiang)對較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)而(er)(er)言影響不(bu)(bu)大，但(dan)當(dang)以(yi)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)、虛(xu)(xu)擬化(hua)、符號化(hua)為(wei)(wei)特征的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)領域和(he)(he)規模日益擴(kuo)張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)涉足到(dao)基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衣食(shi)住(zhu)(zhu)行等(deng)基本生(sheng)(sheng)活消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)領域和(he)(he)政府公(gong)共服(fu)務信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)獲取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，掌握一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)就(jiu)變(bian)得非(fei)常(chang)必(bi)要了(le)。一(yi)個(ge)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)例子就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)春運期(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)農(nong)民工(gong)購買火車票(piao)(piao)(piao)問題，2011年6月開(kai)始試(shi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)購票(piao)(piao)(piao)確實方便了(le)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)購票(piao)(piao)(piao)流程(cheng)(cheng)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)網(wang)絡(luo)購票(piao)(piao)(piao)也(ye)無(wu)疑增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)另一(yi)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)或不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)網(wang)絡(luo)購票(piao)(piao)(piao)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窗口(kou)購票(piao)(piao)(piao)難(nan)度(du)。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)春運期(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)對于(yu)(yu)農(nong)民工(gong)團體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)而(er)(er)言，形(xing)形(xing)色色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諸(zhu)如搶(qiang)票(piao)(piao)(piao)軟件等(deng)高(gao)科技(ji)(ji)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)使(shi)(shi)得他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)購票(piao)(piao)(piao)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)更加(jia)困難(nan)。再(zai)者，信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)收入水(shui)平(ping)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)水(shui)平(ping)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)演化(hua)為(wei)(wei)對智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)理上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)認(ren)同(tong)甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)抵(di)觸情緒。有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)形(xing)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法將數(shu)字化(hua)時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)類(lei)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)三種(zhong)：“數(shu)字原住(zhu)(zhu)民”、“數(shu)字移民”和(he)(he)“數(shu)字恐(kong)龍(long)”，“數(shu)字恐(kong)龍(long)”即(ji)指稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對現(xian)代(dai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、高(gao)科技(ji)(ji)產品(pin)等(deng)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)具備相(xiang)關信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)素質(zhi)和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)因(yin)而(er)(er)主觀(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)有(you)排斥感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。在(zai)(zai)智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)如火如荼建(jian)(jian)設過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，這部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)心(xin)理上(shang)(shang)滋生(sheng)(sheng)被時代(dai)拋棄(qi)、被邊緣(yuan)化(hua)以(yi)及相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)落感。“每一(yi)個(ge)人(ren)對于(yu)(yu)他未知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新文(wen)(wen)化(hua)來(lai)說(shuo)，都(dou)表現(xian)出‘原始人(ren)’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情狀，而(er)(er)數(shu)字文(wen)(wen)化(hua)這種(zhong)全新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)，使(shi)(shi)一(yi)些人(ren)尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)年人(ren)和(he)(he)老年人(ren)對其(qi)感到(dao)十分(fen)(fen)陌生(sheng)(sheng)，甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)即(ji)使(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這些人(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識階(jie)層，也(ye)有(you)被新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、新社會(hui)(hui)疏遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺。”綜(zong)上(shang)(shang)所述，對智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)理關懷(huai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)制約智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)否(fou)和(he)(he)諧構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)否(fou)持續均衡發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓶(ping)頸(jing)。

【論文關鍵(jian)詞】科學發展;城市(shi)(shi)規劃;建(jian)設管(guan)理;城市(shi)(shi)特色

【論文摘要】一(yi)個城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)色(se)與(yu)其所處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然地(di)理環(huan)境、歷(li)史文化(hua)(hua)內涵、城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)風貌(mao)密切相(xiang)關。隨著近幾十年(nian)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)經濟高(gao)速(su)發展(zhan)與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)進程的(de)(de)(de)快速(su)推進，我國許多城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)巨大，但不少城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卻在高(gao)速(su)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)與(yu)建(jian)設(she)中迷失了自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)特(te)色(se)。在中國城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)快速(su)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)今(jin)天，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)應該(gai)通過(guo)更(geng)(geng)為科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規劃、更(geng)(geng)為有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)管理對城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)理環(huan)境特(te)征、傳統(tong)地(di)方(fang)文化(hua)(hua)予(yu)以高(gao)度尊重(zhong)；對城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)整體建(jian)設(she)風貌(mao)進行控制與(yu)引導。

城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)特(te)(te)色(se)，是一(yi)個較為(wei)寬泛(fan)、模(mo)糊的(de)(de)概(gai)念。通常而(er)言(yan)，一(yi)個城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)色(se)與(yu)其(qi)所處(chu)的(de)(de)自(zi)然地理環境、歷(li)史文化內(nei)涵(han)、城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設(she)風貌(mao)密切相關。隨著近幾十年來的(de)(de)經濟高速發展與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化進程的(de)(de)快速推(tui)進，我(wo)國(guo)許多城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設(she)變化巨大，但(dan)不(bu)少城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)卻在高速的(de)(de)發展與(yu)建設(she)中迷失了自(zi)身的(de)(de)特(te)(te)色(se)，具有地方特(te)(te)色(se)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)空間形態(tai)被所謂的(de)(de)現代(dai)化城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)格(ge)局所取代(dai)，失去了相應的(de)(de)自(zi)然地理特(te)(te)征(zheng)、寶貴的(de)(de)歷(li)史魅力(li)與(yu)具有地方特(te)(te)色(se)的(de)(de)傳統(tong)氣(qi)息。

一(yi)、現(xian)階段我(wo)國城市特色塑造存(cun)在的主要問題

1、城(cheng)市形象(xiang)定位(wei)出現偏差

進(jin)入九十年(nian)代(dai)后，一些城(cheng)市(shi)一窩蜂的建高層建筑，動輒建設國際(ji)化大都(dou)市(shi)、中(zhong)央商務區(qu)(CBD)。據報(bao)道(dao),中(zhong)國有182座城(cheng)市(shi)提(ti)出(chu)要(yao)建國際(ji)化大都(dou)市(shi),連美國都(dou)會感到汗顏!

論文摘要(yao)(yao)：近年來，在(zai)我國城市規劃和建設(she)過程(cheng)中，歷(li)史文化遺(yi)產遭破壞的(de)情況時有發生，城市建設(she)與(yu)歷(li)史文化遺(yi)產保(bao)護工(gong)作(zuo)相(xiang)沖突，產生了諸(zhu)多問題(ti)。本文從這些普(pu)遍問題(ti)出(chu)發，分析了產生問題(ti)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)，闡述了保(bao)護歷(li)史文化遺(yi)產在(zai)建設(she)過程(cheng)中的(de)重要(yao)(yao)意義，并(bing)尋找出(chu)解決問題(ti)的(de)一些措施(shi)。

論文關鍵詞(ci):城市(shi)建設城市(shi)規劃文化(hua)遺產

聯合(he)國教科(ke)文(wen)(wen)組織在國家保(bao)護文(wen)(wen)化(hua)和自然遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)建議里(li)，曾經說過‘在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活條件(jian)加(jia)速變化(hua)的(de)(de)社會環(huan)境(jing)(jing)里(li)，為(wei)人保(bao)存與(yu)其相(xiang)稱的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)，是(shi)(shi)大(da)自然、先(xian)輩遺(yi)留的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)明見證，這對人的(de)(de)平衡發展十分重要，為(wei)此(ci)應(ying)該使文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和自然遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)在社會生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)發揮(hui)積(ji)極的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，并將當代(dai)(dai)成就(jiu)、昔日價值和自然之(zhi)美納入整體規(gui)劃(hua)加(jia)以考慮”。歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)凝結了民族的(de)(de)智慧，帶給(gei)我們(men)(men)的(de)(de)不(bu)僅僅是(shi)(shi)視覺感官上美的(de)(de)享受，她也是(shi)(shi)一部(bu)研(yan)究古代(dai)(dai)社會生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)發展的(de)(de)百科(ke)全書，是(shi)(shi)我們(men)(men)研(yan)究古代(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)窗口，并且她對我們(men)(men)現代(dai)(dai)城(cheng)市的(de)(de)硬件(jian)和人們(men)(men)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)思想的(de)(de)軟(ruan)件(jian)發展有(you)極其重要的(de)(de)指導(dao)作(zuo)用(yong)。然而，目(mu)前看來，歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)與(yu)城(cheng)市建設(she)的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)還沒有(you)得到很好(hao)的(de)(de)解決。

一、城市建設(she)在文物(wu)保護方(fang)面存(cun)在的問(wen)題(ti)及原因

改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放以(yi)來，我國(guo)經濟穩步上升，城市(shi)建(jian)設有(you)了(le)突(tu)飛猛進(jin)的(de)發展(zhan)，但(dan)是有(you)不少建(jian)設項目忽視了(le)對歷史文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)的(de)保護，使一些(xie)珍貴歷史文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)成(cheng)為城市(shi)建(jian)設的(de)犧牲(sheng)品。歸納起來，主要有(you)這樣幾種情況：

1．勘察不全面，造成(cheng)建(jian)設施工(gong)時對地(di)上和地(di)下(xia)文(wen)物的(de)毀(hui)滅性(xing)破壞(huai)。事例(li)有重慶市2004年開(kai)工(gong)的(de)36條共計2000多(duo)(duo)km的(de)高等級公路(lu)中，發生多(duo)(duo)起嚴重毀(hui)壞(huai)文(wen)物點的(de)事件，使(shi)得許多(duo)(duo)珍貴(gui)的(de)文(wen)物古跡永遠地(di)消失在(zai)推土(tu)機的(de)重碾(nian)之下(xia)。

摘(zhai)要：城鄉(xiang)規(gui)劃(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)育應以復合(he)型人才為(wei)培(pei)養目(mu)標(biao)，從以往(wang)的(de)知識(shi)型教(jiao)(jiao)育模(mo)式(shi)，逐步向(xiang)強調能力(li)(li)型的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育模(mo)式(shi)轉(zhuan)變。以城鄉(xiang)規(gui)劃(hua)核心理論課(ke)(ke)程《中外城市(shi)建設史(shi)》課(ke)(ke)程教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)為(wei)例，提出(chu)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)中的(de)“整合(he)模(mo)式(shi)”，針對課(ke)(ke)程特點從教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)內容、教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)信息資(zi)源(yuan)及教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)方法上進行整合(he)，以激發(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)興趣(qu)，培(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)生自主學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)能力(li)(li)和(he)創新能力(li)(li)。

關鍵詞(ci)：城鄉(xiang)規劃；復合型(xing)；整(zheng)合模式

隨著教(jiao)(jiao)育信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)的(de)普及(ji)，高(gao)校教(jiao)(jiao)師不能(neng)(neng)(neng)僅依靠自(zi)身的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)儲備進行教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)，而更需要在課程教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)中充(chong)分(fen)獲取、整合(he)與(yu)課程有關的(de)信(xin)息(xi)資源和時(shi)事熱點(dian)，變換教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)方式(shi)(shi)和方法，理論與(yu)實(shi)際(ji)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)，以(yi)此提(ti)高(gao)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)學(xue)習興趣。而對于高(gao)校學(xue)生(sheng)，則要求在掌握(wo)專業理論知(zhi)識(shi)的(de)同時(shi)，需進一步提(ti)高(gao)自(zi)身的(de)自(zi)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、研究能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、分(fen)析能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、表達能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、創新能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)等復合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。因此，在逐(zhu)步推進信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)、數(shu)字化(hua)城市建設(she)的(de)今(jin)天，城鄉規劃教(jiao)(jiao)育也(ye)應(ying)以(yi)復合(he)型人才為(wei)培(pei)養目標，從以(yi)往追(zhui)求教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)內容完整性的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)型教(jiao)(jiao)育模式(shi)(shi)，逐(zhu)步向強調能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)型的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育模式(shi)(shi)轉變。

1《中外城市建設史》課程概況

“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)城(cheng)市建設史”是全國高等(deng)學(xue)(xue)校城(cheng)鄉規劃專業本科(ke)(ke)(五(wu)年制)教(jiao)育培養方(fang)案(an)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心理(li)論課(ke)程(cheng)，該課(ke)程(cheng)授(shou)課(ke)信息量大(da)，內(nei)(nei)容(rong)龐雜(za)，涉(she)及(ji)歷(li)史學(xue)(xue)、地(di)(di)理(li)學(xue)(xue)、社會學(xue)(xue)、經濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)、建筑學(xue)(xue)、園林學(xue)(xue)等(deng)多個(ge)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)。加之學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)缺乏(fa)對國內(nei)(nei)外(wai)城(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)實地(di)(di)實習(xi)、考察的(de)(de)(de)(de)經歷(li)，對講授(shou)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)缺乏(fa)具體而(er)形象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識，而(er)教(jiao)材中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)片(pian)均是黑白效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)二維圖(tu)片(pian)及(ji)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)復原平面圖(tu)，因此學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)很難系統地(di)(di)了解各地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)市建設發展(zhan)特征。另一方(fang)面，由于城(cheng)建史課(ke)程(cheng)時間(jian)和地(di)(di)域跨(kua)(kua)度較大(da)，時間(jian)跨(kua)(kua)度從(cong)原始社會到(dao)當(dang)今社會，地(di)(di)域范圍(wei)包括(kuo)亞洲(zhou)、歐洲(zhou)、北(bei)美洲(zhou)等(deng)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，所涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)代表(biao)性城(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)形態和建設情況(kuang)之間(jian)缺乏(fa)內(nei)(nei)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有機聯系，內(nei)(nei)容(rong)龐雜(za)且(qie)簡單羅(luo)列，在(zai)授(shou)課(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會給(gei)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)造成機械地(di)(di)拼湊之感，留下的(de)(de)(de)(de)印象(xiang)是割裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)、拼貼的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史，學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)便(bian)很難準確地(di)(di)梳理(li)一個(ge)城(cheng)市從(cong)古至(zhi)今的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)演變。

2《中外(wai)城市建設史》課程教學改革

城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)走生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)化發(fa)展之(zhi)路，為城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展提(ti)出了(le)明(ming)確的(de)(de)目標——建(jian)設生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設是(shi)人類文(wen)明(ming)進步的(de)(de)標志，是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展的(de)(de)方向。近年來，我(wo)國(guo)很多城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)都提(ti)出了(le)建(jian)設生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。本文(wen)在(zai)結合(he)我(wo)國(guo)國(guo)情的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，提(ti)出了(le)建(jian)設生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)對(dui)策和(he)設想(xiang)，以期(qi)推(tui)動我(wo)國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)化發(fa)展和(he)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設工(gong)作的(de)(de)開展。

1生態城市的內涵和主(zhu)要特點

1.1生態城(cheng)市的(de)內涵

生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)城(cheng)市(shi)是(shi)聯(lian)合國(guo)教科(ke)文組織發起的“人與(yu)生(sheng)物圈(MAB)”計劃(hua)研究過(guo)程中提出的一個(ge)概念，是(shi)城(cheng)市(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)化發展(zhan)的結果；是(shi)社會和諧、經濟高效(xiao)、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)良性循環(huan)的人類(lei)居住形(xing)式，是(shi)自(zi)然、城(cheng)市(shi)與(yu)人融合為(wei)一個(ge)有(you)機(ji)整體(ti)所(suo)形(xing)成的互惠共生(sheng)結構。簡而言之(zhi)，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)城(cheng)市(shi)是(shi)一類(lei)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)健康的城(cheng)市(shi)。

1.2生態城市(shi)的(de)主要(yao)特點

生態城市與傳統城市比(bi)較，主(zhu)要有以(yi)下幾大特(te)點：