智慧城市三維地下管網研究
時間:2023-01-16 09:41:18
導語(yu):智慧城(cheng)市(shi)三維地(di)下管網(wang)研究一文來源于網(wang)友(you)上傳,不代表本站觀點,若需要(yao)原(yuan)創文章可咨(zi)詢客(ke)服老師,歡迎參考。
【摘要】三維地下管網作為支撐智慧城市發展的基礎,其數據標準化程度決定了智慧城市綜合應用水平。文章針對三維地下管網數據標準化開展分析與研究,初步搭建了(le)三(san)維地下管網(wang)數(shu)據融合(he)標準架構。同時,結合(he)智慧城市的發展特點及需求對三(san)維地下管網(wang)數(shu)據標準化工作提出了(le)建議。
【關(guan)鍵詞】智慧城市;三維;地(di)下(xia)管網;數據;標準化
1引言
地(di)(di)下管(guan)(guan)網(wang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)涉及電(dian)力、通(tong)信、給排水(shui)、燃氣(qi)、熱力等領域(yu),在(zai)支撐(cheng)政(zheng)(zheng)府決策、市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)規劃、民生服(fu)務、應(ying)急救援(yuan)等智(zhi)慧(hui)城市(shi)建設與(yu)治理(li)(li)方面有(you)(you)舉足輕重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。雖(sui)然地(di)(di)下管(guan)(guan)網(wang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)獲取與(yu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)技術有(you)(you)了(le)長(chang)足的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,但是仍存在(zai)諸多問(wen)題。一(yi)(yi)是傳(chuan)統地(di)(di)下管(guan)(guan)網(wang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方式(shi)在(zai)實時性(xing)、可靠性(xing)、可視(shi)性(xing)等方面已經不(bu)能滿足智(zhi)慧(hui)城市(shi)發(fa)展需(xu)求。二(er)是數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)孤(gu)島現象顯(xian)(xian)著,雖(sui)然行(xing)業內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)準(zhun)(zhun)確度及數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化程度高,由(you)于(yu)缺少(shao)統一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)標準(zhun)(zhun)和數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)融(rong)合機制,導致行(xing)業間的(de)(de)(de)多源異構數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)融(rong)合困難。三(san)(san)是基礎(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)沒有(you)(you)得到(dao)充分應(ying)用(yong)(yong),雖(sui)然各地(di)(di)耗費大(da)量人力和物力開展地(di)(di)下管(guan)(guan)線普查工作,但是三(san)(san)維數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)綜合應(ying)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)[1]。因此,建立三(san)(san)維地(di)(di)下管(guan)(guan)網(wang)標準(zhun)(zhun)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫,形成統一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)維地(di)(di)下管(guan)(guan)網(wang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)基礎(chu),對有(you)(you)效(xiao)支撐(cheng)智(zhi)慧(hui)城市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)建設和治理(li)(li)具有(you)(you)重(zhong)要意義。
2現狀
目前,地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)數(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)與(yu)(yu)處(chu)理主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)用國家(jia)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)GB/T35644-2017《地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)數(shu)(shu)據獲取規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》以及GB/T29806-2013《信息(xi)技(ji)術地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)數(shu)(shu)據交換技(ji)術要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)》,2項(xiang)(xiang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)數(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)與(yu)(yu)處(chu)理進(jin)行了規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)。行業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)用CJJ61-2017《城市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)探測技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》以及CJJ/T269-2017《城市(shi)(shi)綜合(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)信息(xi)系統技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》,2項(xiang)(xiang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)數(shu)(shu)據采(cai)(cai)集(ji)與(yu)(yu)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)具體實(shi)施進(jin)行了規(gui)(gui)(gui)定。基于(yu)(yu)國家(jia)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)行業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),北(bei)(bei)京、河北(bei)(bei)、山(shan)東(dong)、江蘇(su)、浙江、湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)、重慶、四(si)川、廣東(dong)等省(sheng)市(shi)(shi)針對區域發展需(xu)求(qiu),各自制定并實(shi)施了地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)探測和(he)信息(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)共計18項(xiang)(xiang),對地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)數(shu)(shu)據要(yao)(yao)素(su)分類代碼與(yu)(yu)符(fu)號細(xi)則進(jin)行了詳(xiang)細(xi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定,為地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)數(shu)(shu)據標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化奠定了基礎(chu)。基于(yu)(yu)上述(shu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據可視化技(ji)術雖(sui)然能(neng)夠反映地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間關系,但(dan)是不(bu)能(neng)實(shi)現地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)拓(tuo)撲關系,空(kong)間分析能(neng)力有(you)限,已(yi)不(bu)能(neng)滿足(zu)智(zhi)慧城市(shi)(shi)建設(she)與(yu)(yu)治理的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。同時(shi),由于(yu)(yu)上述(shu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)均(jun)基于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)二維(wei)數(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術方法來制定,并未考慮三維(wei)數(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)擴展需(xu)求(qiu),在數(shu)(shu)據接(jie)入(ru)BIM、CIM等綜合(he)信息(xi)平臺時(shi)將(jiang)存在數(shu)(shu)據融合(he)困難的(de)(de)(de)問題。
3標準化建設
3.1數據架構
在智慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場景下,三維地下管(guan)網(wang)通(tong)過集成(cheng)不同種類、不同來源數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju),依次(ci)通(tong)過數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)描述、數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)組織(zhi)和數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)交換共享三個過程實(shi)現(xian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)融合的功能(neng),在全(quan)流(liu)程數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)標(biao)準規范以及數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)安全(quan)機(ji)制(zhi)保障下實(shi)現(xian)智慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)多場景應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。智慧(hui)(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)三維地下管(guan)網(wang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)標(biao)準架構如圖1所示。
3.2數據集成
三(san)維地下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)(guo)程是(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)對(dui)原始數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)集,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)處理并轉化(hua)為滿足(zu)數據(ju)共享與利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程。現(xian)階段,三(san)維地下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)為人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)集、填(tian)報和(he)(he)導入(ru),主(zhu)要(yao)針對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)地下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)地采(cai)集以及(ji)對(dui)歷史數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)報和(he)(he)導入(ru),此類數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可按照(zhao)既有的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)(zhun)規范實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)。系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)傳感器等新型(xing)軟硬件(jian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)地下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)空間及(ji)狀態數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動獲取,實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)地下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)信息可視(shi)化(hua)、網(wang)(wang)絡分(fen)析多元化(hua)、監控實(shi)(shi)(shi)時自(zi)動化(hua),以提高管(guan)(guan)(guan)理效率(lv)和(he)(he)降(jiang)低管(guan)(guan)(guan)理成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本[2]。三(san)維地下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)數據(ju)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可參照(zhao)GB/T36625.3-2021《智(zhi)慧(hui)城市(shi)數據(ju)融合(he)第3部分(fen):數據(ju)采(cai)集規范》、《智(zhi)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)第1部分(fen):總則》(批準(zhun)(zhun)階段)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)。
3.3數據描述
三(san)(san)維地(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)描述(shu)(shu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)通過對(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)編碼(ma)規則(ze)及(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)格(ge)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)建立(li)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(元(yuan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju))。同時(shi),建立(li)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)轉(zhuan)換規則(ze),對(dui)(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)代(dai)碼(ma)、格(ge)式、類型(xing)等進行轉(zhuan)換和(he)擴(kuo)展,以實(shi)(shi)現管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)與(yu)BIM、CIM等平臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)融(rong)合。在(zai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)描述(shu)(shu)過程(cheng)中(zhong),可通過BIM+3DGIS技術(shu)建立(li)全(quan)空(kong)間(jian)信息(xi)模(mo)型(xing)實(shi)(shi)現對(dui)(dui)(dui)多(duo)(duo)源異構(gou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)組織和(he)整合。BIM+3DGIS多(duo)(duo)用于(yu)智慧城(cheng)市建設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)個方面(mian),其(qi)能夠兼容和(he)集成(cheng)多(duo)(duo)源數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),通過數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)庫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)技術(shu)來管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)三(san)(san)維數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),并(bing)在(zai)三(san)(san)維框架(jia)中(zhong)展示二(er)維和(he)三(san)(san)維對(dui)(dui)(dui)象[3]。3DGIS強大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可視化(hua)分(fen)(fen)析管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)能力實(shi)(shi)現了城(cheng)市地(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)信息(xi)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)從二(er)維到三(san)(san)維的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)越,可開展地(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)維空(kong)間(jian)瀏覽與(yu)分(fen)(fen)析。一(yi)般來說,可對(dui)(dui)(dui)結(jie)構(gou)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)采用自動(dong)化(hua)建模(mo)方式,而對(dui)(dui)(dui)結(jie)構(gou)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)及(ji)其(qi)附屬(shu)(shu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)可采用人機交互建模(mo)方式。三(san)(san)維地(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)應包括基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)、通用數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)以及(ji)擴(kuo)展數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)。基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)描述(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本屬(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing),如管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用類別(bie)(bie)等。通用數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)描述(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)性(xing)(xing),比如管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸、坐標(biao)(biao)等。擴(kuo)展數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)描述(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)運(yun)營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監測類數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)業務數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。地(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)應按照市政(zheng)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)最(zui)基(ji)本、最(zui)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)作為(wei)分(fen)(fen)類依據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),正確反映數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征或特(te)性(xing)(xing),分(fen)(fen)類層次應清晰合理(li),特(te)別(bie)(bie)是(shi)在(zai)同一(yi)層面(mian)要(yao)(yao)使用統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類方法(fa),并(bing)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)到后(hou)續數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴(kuo)展需求(qiu),預留數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)擴(kuo)展接口。三(san)(san)維地(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)描述(shu)(shu)可參考(kao)(kao)GB/T36625.2-2018《智慧城(cheng)市數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)融(rong)合第2部分(fen)(fen):數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)編碼(ma)規范》以及(ji)GB/T36625.5-2019《智慧城(cheng)市數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)融(rong)合第5部分(fen)(fen):市政(zheng)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)》實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)。
3.4數據組織
數(shu)據(ju)(ju)組織是(shi)利用數(shu)據(ju)(ju)分(fen)類(lei)系統,參考(kao)已定義(yi)好的(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)標簽庫(ku),完成(cheng)(cheng)多源(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)實體的(de)分(fen)類(lei),為后續平臺(tai)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)交換提(ti)(ti)供基礎。數(shu)據(ju)(ju)組織應根據(ju)(ju)統一的(de)三維地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)標準開展數(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理(li)和質量(liang)檢(jian)查,采(cai)用面向空間對象(xiang)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體系,包含管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)測繪成(cheng)(cheng)果作業、報批(pi)、入庫(ku)等模塊,實現對管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)輸入、生產(chan)、質檢(jian)、驗(yan)收的(de)全流(liu)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。同時,也提(ti)(ti)供電力、通信(xin)、燃氣、給排水、供暖等各(ge)類(lei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)運行狀(zhuang)態綜合(he)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)查詢(xun)、統計、分(fen)析、維護等高(gao)時效、高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)應用服務[4]。
3.5數據交換
在數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)和平臺(tai)建(jian)(jian)設過程中,應遵循(xun)區域化(hua)(hua)、層次化(hua)(hua)和模(mo)(mo)塊化(hua)(hua)的(de)原則,對(dui)三維地(di)下管(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)開展(zhan)科學的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)和服(fu)務(wu)。依(yi)托(tuo)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)理(li)與(yu)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)技術(shu)支(zhi)撐,實現(xian)三維管(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)元數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、建(jian)(jian)模(mo)(mo)、整合(he)、關聯等(deng)功(gong)能,支(zhi)撐平臺(tai)對(dui)外服(fu)務(wu)。同時,平臺(tai)應通過數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)資(zi)源授權、資(zi)源確權、資(zi)源網(wang)(wang)關、門戶展(zhan)示、流通管(guan)(guan)理(li)、開發環境(jing)、運行環境(jing)等(deng),以(yi)統一接(jie)口的(de)方式提(ti)供各類(lei)智(zhi)能應用,并可根據(ju)(ju)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)發展(zhan)需要進行動態調整,最(zui)終實現(xian)三維地(di)下管(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)地(di)形模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、建(jian)(jian)筑模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)智(zhi)慧城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)實現(xian)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)。三維地(di)下管(guan)(guan)網(wang)(wang)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)可參(can)考GB/T36622.1-2018《智(zhi)慧城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)公共信(xin)息與(yu)服(fu)務(wu)支(zhi)撐平臺(tai)第1部分(fen):總體(ti)要求(qiu)》以(yi)及(ji)GB/T36622.2-2018《智(zhi)慧城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)公共信(xin)息與(yu)服(fu)務(wu)支(zhi)撐平臺(tai)第2部分(fen):目錄管(guan)(guan)理(li)與(yu)服(fu)務(wu)要求(qiu)》實施(shi)。
3.6數據應用
根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)智慧(hui)城市(shi)(shi)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)需求,可采取單一或組合(he)模式(shi)提供三(san)維(wei)地(di)下(xia)管(guan)網時(shi)空數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)服務(wu),包括時(shi)序化(hua)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)地(di)理(li)信(xin)息數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)和公共專題(ti)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)、智能感知數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)、空間規(gui)劃(hua)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)以(yi)及實現這些(xie)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)一體(ti)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)引擎及管(guan)理(li)分析系統。在開(kai)展(zhan)基(ji)礎(chu)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)同(tong)時(shi),可擴展(zhan)至規(gui)劃(hua)與建設(she)、治理(li)與服務(wu)、產業與經濟等(deng)(deng)智慧(hui)城市(shi)(shi)多應(ying)用(yong)場景,實現三(san)維(wei)地(di)下(xia)管(guan)網數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)綜合(he)應(ying)用(yong)。在應(ying)用(yong)過程中,應(ying)搭建服務(wu)資(zi)源池、云(yun)服務(wu)系統和知識化(hua)引擎等(deng)(deng)平臺結(jie)構(gou),并(bing)配套政策(ce)機制、標準規(gui)范、云(yun)計(ji)算等(deng)(deng)支撐措施。三(san)維(wei)地(di)下(xia)管(guan)網的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)應(ying)用(yong)可參考GB/T35776-2017《智慧(hui)城市(shi)(shi)時(shi)空基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施基(ji)本規(gui)定》實施。
3.7標準規(gui)范體系
標(biao)準(zhun)化和規范(fan)化是三維地下管網(wang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)實(shi)現數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)共(gong)享與服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)基礎(chu)性保障。為了(le)確保三維地下管網(wang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)安全、高效運行(xing),在(zai)系(xi)統設計與開發過程(cheng)中應(ying)(ying)(ying)建立一整套適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)三維地下管網(wang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)全流程(cheng)標(biao)準(zhun)規范(fan)體系(xi)。特別是在(zai)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)接(jie)(jie)口方面,對(dui)于(yu)同(tong)類(lei)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)、不同(tong)層(ceng)(ceng)級(ji)系(xi)統之間(jian)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong),應(ying)(ying)(ying)由(you)(you)上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)方制定(ding)(ding)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)開放共(gong)享標(biao)準(zhun)并由(you)(you)下層(ceng)(ceng)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)系(xi)統進行(xing)適(shi)配調用(yong)(yong)。對(dui)于(yu)不同(tong)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)、同(tong)級(ji)系(xi)統之間(jian)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong),可(ke)由(you)(you)各業(ye)務(wu)(wu)運營指定(ding)(ding)本系(xi)統對(dui)外(wai)(wai)接(jie)(jie)口,然后由(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)系(xi)統調用(yong)(yong),也可(ke)按(an)照(zhao)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)系(xi)統定(ding)(ding)義的(de)接(jie)(jie)口進行(xing)主動(dong)適(shi)配。
3.8安全保障機制
三維(wei)(wei)地(di)下管(guan)網數(shu)據(ju)應(ying)分領域、分安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)級別進行(xing)管(guan)理(li),分級分域分權限對數(shu)據(ju)進行(xing)訪(fang)問(wen)和(he)(he)讀寫控制(zhi)。數(shu)據(ju)采集與(yu)感(gan)知、通信(xin)網絡、計算與(yu)存儲(chu)等運行(xing)支撐(cheng)環境應(ying)具(ju)備漏洞掃(sao)描、入侵檢測、數(shu)據(ju)包過濾、防(fang)病毒及(ji)(ji)病毒查殺、身份認證、數(shu)據(ju)加密和(he)(he)主機(ji)監(jian)控等安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)控能(neng)力(li)[5]。對數(shu)據(ju)融合(he)及(ji)(ji)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)應(ying)建立數(shu)據(ju)采集與(yu)匯聚、數(shu)據(ju)融合(he)與(yu)處理(li)、數(shu)據(ju)挖(wa)掘與(yu)分析以及(ji)(ji)數(shu)據(ju)治理(li)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過程數(shu)據(ju)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)制(zhi),確保智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)聚集、服(fu)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)、服(fu)務(wu)(wu)整合(he)、服(fu)務(wu)(wu)使用等應(ying)用融合(he)過程安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。三維(wei)(wei)地(di)下管(guan)網數(shu)據(ju)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保障機(ji)制(zhi)可參考(kao)GB/T36625.4-2021《智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)數(shu)據(ju)融合(he)第4部分:開(kai)放共(gong)享要(yao)求(qiu)》、GB/Z38649-2020《信(xin)息(xi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)技術智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)建設信(xin)息(xi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保障指南》及(ji)(ji)GB/T37971-2019《信(xin)息(xi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)技術智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)體系框架》實施(shi),相關(guan)標準規定了智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)數(shu)據(ju)融合(he)開(kai)放共(gong)享的基本模(mo)式、業(ye)務(wu)(wu)要(yao)求(qiu)、特征和(he)(he)技術要(yao)求(qiu)。
4結語
隨(sui)著智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設的不斷(duan)深入,要實現(xian)(xian)三(san)維地下(xia)管網(wang)信息系統與(yu)(yu)智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)管理(li)系統之(zhi)間的數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)互(hu)(hu)聯、互(hu)(hu)通(tong)、共享(xiang),就需(xu)要對(dui)基礎數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)進行標準化(hua)管理(li),并且在數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)融(rong)(rong)合(he)機制上實現(xian)(xian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)整合(he)與(yu)(yu)業務協同,提升智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設和(he)治理(li)水(shui)平。三(san)維地下(xia)管網(wang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)標準化(hua)應提前布局和(he)合(he)理(li)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua),通(tong)過全(quan)流程統一協調的數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)標準、高效的數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)引擎、嚴密的安全(quan)機制實現(xian)(xian)三(san)維地下(xia)管網(wang)多源(yuan)異(yi)構數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)融(rong)(rong)合(he),結合(he)大數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)、云計算等人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)技術的應用支撐政府決策、城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)建設、應急(ji)救援、民生治理(li)等智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)綜合(he)應用,對(dui)實現(xian)(xian)智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)大數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的互(hu)(hu)聯互(hu)(hu)通(tong)、系統化(hua)管理(li)和(he)集約(yue)利用具有重要意義。
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作者:雷靜 張榮 單位:城鄉院(廣(guang)州)有限公司
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