【摘要】：本(ben)文(wen)首先綜(zong)述了(le)番茄紅素(su)在國(guo)內外的研究動態，并且介紹了(le)其(qi)分布、理化性質(zhi)、化學結(jie)構以及生(sheng)理功能(neng)，最后對番茄紅素(su)的用途作出了(le)展望(wang)。

【關鍵(jian)詞】：番(fan)茄紅素,類胡蘿卜素,癌癥

前言：番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)紅素(su)(su)(su)(su)（lycopene）是膳食中的(de)一種天然類胡蘿(luo)卜(bu)素(su)(su)(su)(su)，廣泛(fan)存在(zai)于(yu)自然界的(de)植物(wu)中，人體內(nei)各組織(zhi)器官也(ye)有較(jiao)多分布。由于(yu)番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)紅素(su)(su)(su)(su)沒有維生素(su)(su)(su)(su)A的(de)生物(wu)活(huo)(huo)性，所以其(qi)作用在(zai)相當(dang)長的(de)時期內(nei)并(bing)未引起人們(men)足夠的(de)重(zhong)視。但近(jin)幾(ji)年的(de)研究發現，番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)紅素(su)(su)(su)(su)有比其(qi)他類胡蘿(luo)卜(bu)素(su)(su)(su)(su)更好的(de)生物(wu)活(huo)(huo)性，并(bing)且是防病(bing)治病(bing)的(de)重(zhong)要功能因子，已成(cheng)為目前國際上功能食品成(cheng)分研究的(de)一個熱點[1]

1、番(fan)茄(qie)紅素的國內(nei)外研究(jiu)歷(li)史(shi)

1873年，Hartsen最早從(cong)TamuscommunisL.中(zhong)分離得(de)到(dao)深紅色(se)的番茄(qie)紅素(su)結晶。1875年，Millardat從(cong)番茄(qie)中(zhong)獲得(de)一種含有番茄(qie)紅素(su)的粗提物(wu)，當時命名為Solanorubin。1913年，Dugger根據它對生長條件的影響，又把它命名為lycoperison。而Schunck（1930年）的“lycopene”名稱（中(zhong)文即(ji)番茄(qie)紅素(su)）一直沿用至今[2]。

1.1國外對番(fan)茄紅素(su)的研究(jiu)現狀

社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)一詞在20世(shi)紀70年代由國外(wai)學者Raschke率先提(ti)出，被定(ding)義為(wei)人(ren)們(men)主觀感知到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)自(zi)他人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)心和支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)［1］。目前(qian)(qian)，已有(you)(you)大量(liang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)證明了(le)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)與健(jian)康(kang)和幸福之間(jian)關(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性［2］。更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)認識到(dao)給予和接受(shou)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)所帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處［3］，這(zhe)種雙(shuang)(shuang)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質稱之為(wei)互惠(hui)性。事實(shi)上，很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)證據已經表明，過度(du)(du)受(shou)益可能會(hui)(hui)(hui)對(dui)一個(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)害(hai)影(ying)(ying)響。只有(you)(you)當支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)受(shou)援者從支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)提(ti)供者那里(li)體驗到(dao)互惠(hui)時，支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)才會(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心理和健(jian)康(kang)后果，因為(wei)這(zhe)樣一來(lai)，我們(men)心理產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負債(zhai)感就會(hui)(hui)(hui)減少(shao)［4］。社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果可能取決于在人(ren)際關(guan)(guan)系中給予和接受(shou)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感知平衡［5］。有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維度(du)(du)劃分，目前(qian)(qian)尚未達成共識，但多(duo)方(fang)學者普遍認同社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身心健(jian)康(kang)都會(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)影(ying)(ying)響。互惠(hui)被廣泛認為(wei)是社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)滿(man)意度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)重要決定(ding)因素，但對(dui)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互惠(hui)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)較少(shao)，目前(qian)(qian)國內(nei)外(wai)對(dui)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)集中在人(ren)們(men)所獲得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，本研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)旨在綜述了(le)國內(nei)外(wai)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)雙(shuang)(shuang)向社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)現狀，擬為(wei)今后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)護理工作(zuo)提(ti)供新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向。

1社會支持的分類

社會支(zhi)持主(zhu)要(yao)分為工(gong)具(ju)(ju)支(zhi)持與情感支(zhi)持。工(gong)具(ju)(ju)支(zhi)持指(zhi)的(de)是實際的(de)，有形(xing)的(de)幫(bang)助，如(ru)人力(li)、物力(li)。情感支(zhi)持指(zhi)的(de)是抽象的(de)無形(xing)的(de)幫(bang)助，通(tong)常指(zhi)的(de)是親密的(de)人給予的(de)支(zhi)持。

2雙向(xiang)社會支持(chi)的(de)內(nei)涵

雙(shuang)向(xiang)社(she)會(hui)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是提(ti)供社(she)會(hui)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)獲得社(she)會(hui)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)。盡管有關(guan)社(she)會(hui)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)傾向(xiang)于接(jie)受支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好處，但(dan)很多學者注意到(dao)了(le)這個結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)向(xiang)性質，認識到(dao)給予(yu)和(he)(he)接(jie)受支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢。有研究(jiu)表明，給予(yu)社(she)會(hui)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)與降低死亡(wang)率(lv)有關(guan)。盡管對給予(yu)社(she)會(hui)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)益(yi)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)仍(reng)處于起步階(jie)段(duan)，但(dan)這些益(yi)處已(yi)經在(zai)(zai)許多不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)領域得到(dao)了(le)證(zheng)實，例(li)如可降低死亡(wang)率(lv)［6］。社(she)會(hui)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)互補性反映在(zai)(zai)雙(shuang)向(xiang)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)假(jia)說中［7］，該假(jia)說表明，與單純給予(yu)或接(jie)受支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人相比，隨(sui)著(zhu)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)推移，提(ti)供和(he)(he)接(jie)受支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人會(hui)獲得更(geng)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)理益(yi)處。

3雙向社(she)會支持的測評工具(ju)

【關鍵詞】卵巢早衰；病因

卵巢早衰(shuai)(prematureovarianfailure，POF)是指月經初潮后(hou)到40歲之前發(fa)生(sheng)的低雌激素和(he)高促性腺激素狀態(tai)，為(wei)婦科常見的內分泌疾病。近年(nian)(nian)發(fa)病率(lv)有逐年(nian)(nian)上升之趨勢，流行病學調查顯示其(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)率(lv)為(wei)1%［1］。目前研究認為(wei)POF的發(fa)生(sheng)主要與遺傳、免(mian)疫、代謝和(he)環境(jing)等因素有關。

1遺傳性因素

有關(guan)家(jia)譜調查發(fa)(fa)現POF發(fa)(fa)病率在(zai)女性親屬(shu)中，有家(jia)族史(shi)的(de)達100%，而散發(fa)(fa)性的(de)僅為1%；由特定(ding)基因(yin)序列單元大量重復構(gou)成，長度在(zai)人類高(gao)度遺(yi)傳的(de)端粒的(de)缺失同衰(shuai)老密(mi)切相(xiang)關(guan)，且多(duo)出現POF，說明(ming)POF具(ju)有較高(gao)的(de)家(jia)族遺(yi)傳傾向。

兩(liang)條結構正常的(de)(de)(de)X染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)對維持(chi)卵(luan)(luan)泡(pao)正常的(de)(de)(de)儲備至關(guan)重(zhong)要，X染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)上的(de)(de)(de)任何缺(que)失都(dou)會引起卵(luan)(luan)巢(chao)功能衰竭［2］。目(mu)前研(yan)究(jiu)發(fa)現(xian)，POF是一種由(you)常染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)傳遞或(huo)X連鎖顯性(xing)限(xian)制(zhi)性(xing)遺傳病，常伴(ban)有(you)染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)組、移(yi)位或(huo)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)性(xing)改變，X染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)和(he)常染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)移(yi)位［3］，以及X染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)和(he)常染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)數量和(he)結構異常等。由(you)于(yu)X染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)上各區(qu)段載有(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)基因，因此缺(que)失或(huo)重(zhong)組的(de)(de)(de)部位不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)決定(ding)著(zhu)產生不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)癥狀，如X染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)Xp11和(he)Xq13末(mo)端(duan)缺(que)失常表現(xian)為(wei)完全性(xing)卵(luan)(luan)巢(chao)功能衰竭；Xp21和(he)Xq24末(mo)端(duan)缺(que)失常可導(dao)致嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)卵(luan)(luan)巢(chao)功能紊亂，病人多表現(xian)為(wei)POF［4］。

Marozzi等［5］提出導致POF的(de)(de)特定基因區(qu)段(duan)可能位于Xq的(de)(de)末端，即限(xian)定Xq26～q28之間，它們對(dui)卵巢(chao)發育(yu)和卵泡生成具有(you)重要意義。Schlessinger等［6］研究(jiu)發現，POF患者X常染色體第(di)3位點上(shang)一(yi)轉錄因子(zi)FOXL2的(de)(de)缺失，可導致單(dan)倍體缺失而引起卵泡數量的(de)(de)減少。

內容摘要：股利之(zhi)謎的探索是近30年(nian)(nian)來(lai)財務研究的熱點(dian)和(he)難題。本(ben)文從信號傳遞假說、成(cheng)本(ben)假說和(he)行為學解(jie)釋等解(jie)析(xi)股利之(zhi)謎的主流理論出發(fa)，回顧和(he)評述(shu)了(le)西(xi)方近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)探悉(xi)股利之(zhi)謎的最新進展(zhan)。并分析(xi)了(le)這(zhe)些理論對解(jie)析(xi)我國上(shang)市公司股利行為的啟(qi)示。

關鍵詞：股利(li)之謎信(xin)號傳(chuan)遞成本迎合理(li)論(lun)

為破解股利(li)之謎(mi)，學者(zhe)們提出了許多(duo)不同的解釋公司支付(fu)現金股利(li)原(yuan)因的理論(lun)。近年(nian)來取得重要進(jin)展(zhan)的理論(lun)主(zhu)要包(bao)括信號傳遞假說、理論(lun)解釋和行(xing)為學解釋等。

信號傳遞假說

在財務(wu)經濟學家們(men)(men)提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)諸多股(gu)(gu)利(li)之謎(mi)的(de)(de)(de)解釋中，受到廣泛關注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)是關于公(gong)司通過(guo)發放現(xian)金(jin)股(gu)(gu)利(li)可以傳遞(di)未(wei)來盈(ying)(ying)(ying)利(li)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)思想，即信號傳遞(di)假(jia)說(shuo)（signalinghypothesis）。該學說(shuo)認為(wei)管(guan)(guan)理當局與(yu)企業(ye)外部投資(zi)者之間存(cun)在著信息不(bu)對稱；管(guan)(guan)理當局占(zhan)有(you)更多的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關企業(ye)前景(jing)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)內部信息。現(xian)金(jin)股(gu)(gu)利(li)是管(guan)(guan)理當局向外界傳遞(di)其(qi)掌(zhang)握(wo)的(de)(de)(de)內部信息的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)手(shou)段，如果(guo)他們(men)(men)預計到公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)發展前景(jing)良(liang)好(hao)，未(wei)來業(ye)績有(you)大幅度增長時(shi)，就(jiu)會通過(guo)增加現(xian)金(jin)股(gu)(gu)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式將(jiang)這一信息及時(shi)告(gao)訴(su)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)和(he)潛(qian)在的(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)者；相反，如果(guo)預計到公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)發展前景(jing)不(bu)太好(hao)，未(wei)來盈(ying)(ying)(ying)利(li)將(jiang)呈持續性不(bu)理想時(shi)，他們(men)(men)往往維持甚(shen)至(zhi)降低(di)現(xian)有(you)股(gu)(gu)利(li)水平，這等于向股(gu)(gu)東(dong)和(he)潛(qian)在投資(zi)者發出(chu)了利(li)淡信號。因此，現(xian)金(jin)股(gu)(gu)利(li)能(neng)夠傳遞(di)公(gong)司未(wei)來盈(ying)(ying)(ying)利(li)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)信息，從而現(xian)金(jin)股(gu)(gu)利(li)對股(gu)(gu)票(piao)價格有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)影響。

股利(li)信(xin)息傳遞思想(xiang)的萌(meng)芽早在(zai)1956年林特勒(le)（Lintner）有關股利(li)政策的經(jing)典(dian)研(yan)究中已經(jing)出現。巴恰(qia)塔(ta)亞（Bhattacharya,1979）借鑒斯彭斯（Spence,1974）的信(xin)號(hao)(hao)模(mo)型(xing)思想(xiang)，創建了第(di)一(yi)個股利(li)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)模(mo)型(xing)，這標志著從信(xin)號(hao)(hao)角(jiao)度研(yan)究股利(li)政策進入了一(yi)個新階段。

【摘要】以人大復(fu)印報(bao)刊資料(liao)全文數(shu)據庫為(wei)文獻來源(yuan)，從(cong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)態勢(shi)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)對象、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)法和研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)內(nei)容等(deng)四(si)個方(fang)面評析國(guo)內(nei)中小(xiao)學英(ying)(ying)語(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)進展。從(cong)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專業實踐和教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)兩(liang)個方(fang)面提出(chu)(chu)對未來中小(xiao)學英(ying)(ying)語(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)啟示。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)結果表(biao)明：自1995年(nian)以來，國(guo)內(nei)中小(xiao)學英(ying)(ying)語(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)呈逐步(bu)上升的(de)(de)態勢(shi)，且(qie)表(biao)現出(chu)(chu)起步(bu)、發展和繁榮三個變化階段；研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)對象主要是中學英(ying)(ying)語(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)法多采(cai)用思辨性(xing)方(fang)法；研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)主體內(nei)容是教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專業發展途徑、教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)認知和教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行為(wei)，教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情感、教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成長過程和環境因素等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)則(ze)有待加強。

【關鍵詞】人大復印報刊資料(liao)；中小學英語教師；研(yan)究態勢(shi)；研(yan)究對(dui)象；研(yan)究方法；研(yan)究內容

2017年(nian)1月，《國家教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育事業(ye)發展(zhan)“十三五(wu)”規劃》提(ti)出，我國教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育進(jin)入(ru)“提(ti)高(gao)質量、優化結構、促進(jin)公(gong)平”的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)階段，全面提(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育質量將是未來(lai)一(yi)段時期內(nei)各學(xue)科教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)目標。其中(zhong)，建設一(yi)支高(gao)質量的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師隊(dui)伍是提(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育質量的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。因此，關于教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究就成為建設教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)參考。為進(jin)一(yi)步推進(jin)國內(nei)中(zhong)小學(xue)英(ying)語(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師研(yan)究進(jin)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，促進(jin)其隊(dui)伍建設，本(ben)文以人大復印報刊資(zi)料全文數據(ju)庫為文獻來(lai)源，對(dui)國內(nei)中(zhong)小學(xue)英(ying)語(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究進(jin)展(zhan)進(jin)行(xing)評析。

一、文獻來源(yuan)依據及(ji)分析過程

筆(bi)(bi)者將人大復(fu)印報刊(kan)(kan)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)全(quan)(quan)文(wen)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)作為國(guo)內中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)(xue)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)教(jiao)師(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)文(wen)獻(xian)來(lai)源主要(yao)(yao)有以下三(san)個依據(ju)(ju)：第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，該數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)文(wen)獻(xian)是(shi)由(you)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)專家(jia)和專業(ye)編輯(ji)共同選(xuan)(xuan)取的(de)(de)最新(xin)、高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)果組成(cheng)的(de)(de)，質量(liang)較高(gao)；第二，人大復(fu)印報刊(kan)(kan)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)不受人為劃分(fen)的(de)(de)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)等(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)限制(zhi)，從各等(deng)級(ji)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)載(zai)，保證了文(wen)獻(xian)來(lai)源的(de)(de)廣泛性（本(ben)文(wen)文(wen)獻(xian)來(lai)源的(de)(de)原出(chu)版(ban)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)多達(da)113種(zhong)）；第三(san)，該數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)檢索(suo)方(fang)便，利于綜述(shu)類研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)開展。人大復(fu)印報刊(kan)(kan)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)全(quan)(quan)文(wen)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)建立避(bi)免了很多中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)(xue)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)教(jiao)師(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)沒有被其他數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)收錄帶來(lai)的(de)(de)麻煩(fan)。總之(zhi)，人大復(fu)印報刊(kan)(kan)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)全(quan)(quan)文(wen)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)能夠較為直觀、全(quan)(quan)面(mian)地反映國(guo)內中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)(xue)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)教(jiao)師(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)術面(mian)貌和發展態勢，是(shi)進行(xing)相關綜述(shu)的(de)(de)可用資(zi)(zi)源。筆(bi)(bi)者具(ju)體(ti)通過(guo)以下四(si)(si)個步驟(zou)篩選(xuan)(xuan)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1995年(nian)至2017年(nian)的(de)(de)文(wen)獻(xian)：第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，在(zai)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設定“外語(yu)(yu)教(jiao)師(shi)”和“英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)教(jiao)師(shi)”為“任意(yi)詞”搜索(suo)文(wen)獻(xian)，并(bing)按(an)時間順(shun)序排列，獲得(de)文(wen)獻(xian)近2000篇(pian)；第二，仔細、逐(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)閱讀這(zhe)些文(wen)獻(xian)標題(ti)，適當(dang)瀏覽具(ju)體(ti)內容，刪除明(ming)顯不屬于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)(xue)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)教(jiao)師(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)文(wen)獻(xian)；第三(san)，重新(xin)閱讀每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)篇(pian)文(wen)獻(xian)，尤其是(shi)主題(ti)不夠明(ming)確的(de)(de)文(wen)獻(xian)，進一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步刪除不相關文(wen)獻(xian)；第四(si)(si)，選(xuan)(xuan)取文(wen)獻(xian)原出(chu)版(ban)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)載(zai)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)載(zai)年(nian)份、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)內容、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)法、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)等(deng)信(xin)息，通過(guo)分(fen)析這(zhe)些信(xin)息確定本(ben)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)文(wen)獻(xian)。經過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列的(de)(de)篩選(xuan)(xuan)工作后，得(de)出(chu)342篇(pian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)(xue)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)教(jiao)師(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)文(wen)獻(xian)。筆(bi)(bi)者在(zai)反復(fu)閱讀342篇(pian)文(wen)獻(xian)后，用不同形(xing)式的(de)(de)圖表對(dui)(dui)這(zhe)些文(wen)獻(xian)的(de)(de)原出(chu)版(ban)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)載(zai)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)載(zai)年(nian)份、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)內容、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)法、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)等(deng)信(xin)息進行(xing)了歷時和共時分(fen)析和整合，揭(jie)示(shi)其趨勢性特(te)征(zheng)和研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)局(ju)限，進而(er)提出(chu)對(dui)(dui)未來(lai)教(jiao)師(shi)發展和研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)啟示(shi)。

二、研究發現

臨(lin)床上超過(guo)40種(zhong)疾病(bing)可(ke)損傷呼吸(xi)道，影響人體呼吸(xi)功能(neng)(neng)。據BritishLungFoundation報(bao)告，呼吸(xi)系(xi)統疾病(bing)對人體的(de)危害僅次于(yu)心(xin)血管(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)統疾病(bing)。氣(qi)道可(ke)因外傷、感(gan)染、腫瘤(liu)等損傷［1］，需行氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)切(qie)除和重(zhong)建。然而，當環形切(qie)除或(huo)缺損超過(guo)6cm端(duan)－端(duan)吻合(he)不能(neng)(neng)很好地修復氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，則需植入氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)移植材料以達(da)重(zhong)建目的(de)。氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)移植的(de)方法(fa)包括人工氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)替代、自體組織(zhi)再(zai)造氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、同種(zhong)異體氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)重(zhong)建、組織(zhi)工程再(zai)建氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。本文就組織(zhi)工程在(zai)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外科的(de)基(ji)礎研究進展(zhan)作一綜述。

1組織工程氣管的結(jie)構(gou)構(gou)建進展

組織結構(gou)是氣管功能的(de)基礎(chu)。近(jin)年來(lai)，組織工(gong)程氣管的(de)結構(gou)構(gou)建已從(cong)單純的(de)二維結構(gou)軟骨(gu)板逐(zhu)漸(jian)向三維立(li)體結構(gou)方向發展。

1．1種子細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)新(xin)選擇(ze)(ze)構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)氣管(guan)(guan)的(de)種子細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)一般以(yi)鼻軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)、肋軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)、耳廓軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)［2－7］等(deng)透明(ming)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)為主，但(dan)上述軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)的(de)取材困難，其(qi)他(ta)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)來(lai)源特別是成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體干(gan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為組(zu)織工(gong)程(cheng)氣管(guan)(guan)種子細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)新(xin)選擇(ze)(ze)。Naito等(deng)［8］在大鼠體內利(li)用(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖維細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)管(guan)(guan)型組(zu)織，同時誘(you)導間(jian)充質干(gan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環狀組(zu)織加強穩(wen)定性(xing)，具有良好的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)骨(gu)和生物力學性(xing)能(neng)。Zhang等(deng)［9］以(yi)TGF-1誘(you)導并(bing)擴(kuo)增骨(gu)髓基質細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)，構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)出圓柱(zhu)狀氣管(guan)(guan)樣軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)。Macchiarini等(deng)［10］利(li)用(yong)人上皮(pi)(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)和間(jian)充質干(gan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)來(lai)源的(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)組(zu)織工(gong)程(cheng)氣管(guan)(guan)替代治(zhi)療(liao)終末期(qi)支氣管(guan)(guan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)化(hua)，效果明(ming)顯。Liu等(deng)［11］利(li)用(yong)TGF-β誘(you)導骨(gu)髓間(jian)充質干(gan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)聚集體在體外(wai)生成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)，并(bing)使之形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)狀組(zu)織工(gong)程(cheng)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)。Kim等(deng)［12］用(yong)自體皮(pi)(pi)膚(fu)(fu)上皮(pi)(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)作為種子細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)了(le)家犬(quan)氣管(guan)(guan)，提示皮(pi)(pi)膚(fu)(fu)上皮(pi)(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)可能(neng)的(de)干(gan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)特性(xing)。

1．2生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現行(xing)組(zu)織工程學領(ling)域大部分研究均來(lai)源(yuan)于(yu)體外二(er)維組(zu)織培養，如何構(gou)建三維立體結構(gou)，是(shi)一個亟(ji)待解(jie)決的(de)難題。在(zai)(zai)圖式(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)育學的(de)概念機(ji)制尚(shang)未完全清楚之(zhi)前，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)提(ti)供了(le)暫時的(de)解(jie)決方案，主要(yao)包括生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可降解(jie)合成材料(liao)(liao)(liao)如聚(ju)羥基乙酸（PGA）、聚(ju)乳(ru)酸（PLA），天然材料(liao)(liao)(liao)如藻朊(ruan)酸鹽、膠原(yuan)，去(qu)細(xi)胞(bao)組(zu)織構(gou)建的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)如小腸(chang)黏(nian)膜下(xia)層（SIS）、去(qu)細(xi)胞(bao)膀胱(guang)黏(nian)膜下(xia)層（ABS），以(yi)及上(shang)述材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)復合物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)需有一定要(yao)求強度，而且必須是(shi)多孔結構(gou)和(he)存在(zai)(zai)細(xi)胞(bao)親(qin)和(he)力、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兼容性(xing)，以(yi)種植(zhi)、營養細(xi)胞(bao)、清除機(ji)體廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)［13］。這(zhe)對生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)提(ti)出了(le)更(geng)高要(yao)求。Remlinger等(deng)(deng)［14］將豬(zhu)的(de)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)取下(xia)，經去(qu)細(xi)胞(bao)處(chu)(chu)理后植(zhi)入家犬體內(nei)，發(fa)(fa)現這(zhe)種水合脫細(xi)胞(bao)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)在(zai)(zai)短期內(nei)能促進局部特異上(shang)皮(pi)細(xi)胞(bao)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)能表現很好(hao)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)力學特性(xing)。Kobayashi等(deng)(deng)［15］用(yong)螺旋(xuan)狀聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)為牙(ya)齦成纖(xian)維細(xi)胞(bao)和(he)脂肪源(yuan)性(xing)干細(xi)胞(bao)提(ti)供支(zhi)(zhi)持作用(yong)。Kim等(deng)(deng)［3］利用(yong)纖(xian)維素－透明質酸復合凝膠成功構(gou)建組(zu)織工程氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。Jungebluth等(deng)(deng)［16］將豬(zhu)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)去(qu)細(xi)胞(bao)處(chu)(chu)理后構(gou)建出無免疫原(yuan)性(xing)的(de)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)。Huang等(deng)(deng)［17］發(fa)(fa)現包裹SIS的(de)聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)可促進缺陷氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)處(chu)(chu)的(de)上(shang)皮(pi)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)有效降低移(yi)植(zhi)術后并(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)癥的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。

1．3生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和組(zu)織工程氣管(guan)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)方法(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在組(zu)織工程器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)官的(de)(de)體外(wai)培(pei)養(yang)具有(you)重要作用，近年來，結(jie)(jie)合生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)設計，涌現(xian)出(chu)許(xu)多(duo)新(xin)(xin)穎的(de)(de)組(zu)織工程氣管(guan)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)方法(fa)(fa)。Lin等(deng)［18］將軟骨細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)植入聚（ε－己(ji)內酯(zhi)）－Ⅱ型(xing)膠原支架(jia)并在旋(xuan)轉型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)培(pei)養(yang)，發現(xian)該法(fa)(fa)促進(jin)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)增殖，增加了葡(pu)萄(tao)糖胺聚糖和膠原的(de)(de)含(han)量。Asnaghi等(deng)［19］成(cheng)功構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了一(yi)種雙室(shi)旋(xuan)轉生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，旨在促進(jin)自體呼(hu)吸道上皮細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)和將被誘導分化成(cheng)軟骨細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)間充質干細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長、三維結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)力(li)學性能的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)。Tani等(deng)［2］以新(xin)(xin)西蘭白兔的(de)(de)耳(er)軟骨細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)為種子細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)，擴(kuo)增后環形(xing)覆蓋于(yu)(yu)硅膠管(guan)外(wai)，置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)靜態型(xing)和旋(xuan)轉型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)培(pei)養(yang)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了無支架(jia)的(de)(de)圓柱狀軟骨。

[摘要]企(qi)業(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)結(jie)構(gou)與企(qi)業(ye)集(ji)團治(zhi)(zhi)理效率具有重要的(de)相互影(ying)響(xiang)作用。本文在全面回顧企(qi)業(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)結(jie)構(gou)理論和企(qi)業(ye)集(ji)團治(zhi)(zhi)理理論的(de)基(ji)礎上，系(xi)統總(zong)結(jie)了國外學者在企(qi)業(ye)集(ji)團治(zhi)(zhi)理效率、融(rong)(rong)資(zi)環境、融(rong)(rong)資(zi)價值、融(rong)(rong)資(zi)選擇(ze)等領域的(de)研(yan)究進展(zhan)，并對(dui)其(qi)中的(de)一些(xie)內容進行(xing)了扼要評述。

[關鍵詞]企(qi)業集團治理效率融資選擇文獻綜述

企(qi)業(ye)集團(tuan)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)一種廣泛存在(zai)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)組(zu)織形式，不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)對美國、日本等(deng)發(fa)(fa)達國家的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)到了重要(yao)的(de)促(cu)進(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)用，其在(zai)印度、智利(li)等(deng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中國家的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)地位(wei)也日趨上升(sheng)（KhannaandPalepu，2000a）。資(zi)(zi)(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)不(bu)(bu)完(wan)(wan)善性是促(cu)成企(qi)業(ye)實施(shi)集團(tuan)化(hua)經(jing)營戰(zhan)略的(de)重要(yao)原(yuan)因（KhannaandPalepu，2000a）。當前，我(wo)國正處于(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)轉型(xing)期(qi)，資(zi)(zi)(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)均衡，社會信(xin)用體系不(bu)(bu)完(wan)(wan)善，信(xin)息不(bu)(bu)對稱問(wen)題較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)突出，導致企(qi)業(ye)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)渠道不(bu)(bu)夠暢通(tong)、融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)工具較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)單一，普遍(bian)存在(zai)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)約束問(wen)題。在(zai)此(ci)制度背景下(xia)，通(tong)過組(zu)建企(qi)業(ye)集團(tuan)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)(neng)夠降低企(qi)業(ye)與(yu)外部(bu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)信(xin)息不(bu)(bu)對稱程度，給集團(tuan)成員企(qi)業(ye)帶來外部(bu)股權及負債融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)優勢，而(er)且還能(neng)(neng)夠通(tong)過利(li)潤平滑、交叉補貼等(deng)方式在(zai)一定程度上提(ti)高集團(tuan)內部(bu)的(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本配置效(xiao)率。

一、企(qi)業集團的治(zhi)理效率(lv)

當前(qian)學術界(jie)對企業集團治(zhi)理(li)效率的(de)(de)研究視(shi)角主要從公(gong)(gong)司(si)治(zhi)理(li)結構與公(gong)(gong)司(si)價值或(huo)績效之間的(de)(de)對應關(guan)系著手，相關(guan)結論回(hui)答了“不同的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)司(si)治(zhi)理(li)結構將實現怎樣的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)司(si)績效”的(de)(de)問題。

企(qi)(qi)業集團(tuan)(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)典型治理結構(gou)主要表(biao)現(xian)為金(jin)字(zi)塔式的(de)(de)(de)持股(gu)(gu)結構(gou)，位居股(gu)(gu)權金(jin)字(zi)塔頂(ding)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)終(zhong)極(ji)控(kong)制人(ren)通過(guo)(guo)層(ceng)層(ceng)持股(gu)(gu)以較小(xiao)比例的(de)(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)權投資(zi)實現(xian)對底層(ceng)成員公司的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效控(kong)制。Claessens,FanandLang通過(guo)(guo)研究發現(xian)，企(qi)(qi)業集團(tuan)(tuan)化的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)股(gu)(gu)結構(gou)是(shi)東(dong)亞地區上市(shi)公司的(de)(de)(de)普遍特(te)征,由集團(tuan)(tuan)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)成員企(qi)(qi)業一(yi)般具(ju)有(you)(you)如下治理特(te)點：第(di)(di)一(yi)，由終(zhong)極(ji)控(kong)制人(ren)通過(guo)(guo)金(jin)字(zi)塔式股(gu)(gu)權結構(gou)進行(xing)層(ceng)層(ceng)控(kong)制；第(di)(di)二，與集團(tuan)(tuan)內(nei)部其他至少一(yi)家(jia)成員企(qi)(qi)業具(ju)有(you)(you)共同的(de)(de)(de)終(zhong)極(ji)控(kong)制人(ren)；第(di)(di)三，控(kong)制了集團(tuan)(tuan)內(nei)部至少一(yi)家(jia)其他成員企(qi)(qi)業；第(di)(di)四，直(zhi)接控(kong)股(gu)(gu)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)一(yi)般是(shi)投資(zi)分(fen)散的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)融機(ji)構(gou)。因(yin)而，集團(tuan)(tuan)成員企(qi)(qi)業不僅(jin)與頂(ding)層(ceng)控(kong)制人(ren)之間(jian)具(ju)有(you)(you)金(jin)字(zi)塔狀持股(gu)(gu)結構(gou)，成員企(qi)(qi)業之間(jian)往往也具(ju)有(you)(you)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)交叉持股(gu)(gu)關系。

國外研究進展

20世紀70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)開始，規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、地(di)(di)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者逐步對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)關問(wen)題展開了(le)(le)(le)(le)持(chi)續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，其中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是關注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焦(jiao)點。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)分析(xi)是選擇(ze)(ze)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)、進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。FriedlyPH（1969）研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)投資(zi)(zi)政策選擇(ze)(ze)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出收(shou)(shou)益(yi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)本是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)投資(zi)(zi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)[8]。GreenhutML（1980）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)從(cong)(cong)福利(li)(li)經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)，分析(xi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)主要有(you)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)、成(cheng)本和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福利(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)[9]。BelerErkip（1997）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)安卡拉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)民對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)娛樂等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)現(xian)狀(zhuang)感知進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，發(fa)現(xian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)群體(ti)特征和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)較大(da)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)[10]。JohnICarruthe（rs2003）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蔓(man)延與(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)總結的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)283個(ge)(ge)郡縣1982～1992年(nian)(nian)間城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)支出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)證(zheng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，結果表(biao)明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口密度(du)(du)(du)(du)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)域范圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間延伸(shen)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)政區(qu)域碎片化(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)較大(da)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)[11]。空(kong)(kong)(kong)間可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是度(du)(du)(du)(du)量公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)源空(kong)(kong)(kong)間配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)工具(ju)之一(yi)(yi)，1980年(nian)(nian)代(dai)以(yi)來(lai)，西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者開始對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)、影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)以(yi)及可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)測度(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)深入(ru)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。具(ju)有(you)代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)如(ru)：BachL（1981）對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)位配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚合(he)(he)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)分散問(wen)題進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)探討(tao)[12]。英國(guo)(guo)(guo)MitchelLangford（2008）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩步移(yi)動(dong)搜尋分析(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)（two-stepfloatingcatchmentareamethod，2SFCA方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)），研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)GIS可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間分析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)替性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口分布對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測度(du)(du)(du)(du)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，并以(yi)威爾(er)士(shi)南部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卡迪夫地(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)實(shi)證(zheng)區(qu)域，檢驗城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里若干公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)情況，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)結果表(biao)明分區(qu)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)傾向于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)顯示可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分數，但具(ju)體(ti)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)取(qu)(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)，在(zai)(zai)某種(zhong)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)上還取(qu)(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)假設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)論[13]。RashedAl（2004）在(zai)(zai)社(she)區(qu)正義、分布正義和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)會權利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)念(nian)框架(jia)下，嘗試對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)阻礙孟加拉國(guo)(guo)(guo)首都達(da)(da)卡市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)貧(pin)困(kun)地(di)(di)區(qu)居(ju)民獲(huo)取(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)結果表(biao)明，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)劣勢地(di)(di)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)貧(pin)困(kun)階層來(lai)說(shuo)，無(wu)論是普通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還是服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)個(ge)(ge)別(bie)集(ji)團(tuan)、個(ge)(ge)別(bie)階層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)都受到(dao)金(jin)融(rong)環境、收(shou)(shou)入(ru)、地(di)(di)位等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)[14]。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)為(wei)評(ping)判(pan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)否提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)(le)(le)借鑒，為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)(le)(le)有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衡量標(biao)準，隨著公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)逐步進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)階段(duan)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)日益(yi)增多。20世紀90年(nian)(nian)代(dai)以(yi)來(lai)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)術界(jie)開始從(cong)(cong)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)視(shi)角，探討(tao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)機制。MichalosAC（1999）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1997年(nian)(nian)夏天對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)英屬北哥倫比(bi)亞喬治王子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民信仰、對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)生活質量進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)調(diao)查，并運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)分析(xi)出公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、省(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)聯邦政府(fu)(fu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿意(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)分別(bie)為(wei)32%、20%、19%，表(biao)明自下而(er)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)優于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自上而(er)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)[1]。WolpertJ（2001）對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)紐約(yue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)營(ying)利(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分析(xi)，發(fa)現(xian)即(ji)使是紐約(yue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)價(jia)(jia)(jia)最高、可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)最好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)段(duan)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)為(wei)非(fei)(fei)營(ying)利(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間，但是，由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本約(yue)束，非(fei)(fei)營(ying)利(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)選址(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，主要選擇(ze)(ze)位于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)私人(ren)(ren)(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)政府(fu)(fu)機構(gou)(gou)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)段(duan)[15]。KeithM（2001）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)發(fa)展中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)除政府(fu)(fu)以(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機構(gou)(gou)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“非(fei)(fei)政府(fu)(fu)、非(fei)(fei)營(ying)利(li)(li)”（NONPRO）機制進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，發(fa)現(xian)非(fei)(fei)政府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)供給(gei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)典(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)有(you)以(yi)下要求(qiu)：協作、透明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供給(gei)記錄、有(you)責任心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員、適度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、專業化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)外部監督[16]。Ho-SeopCha（2009）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)通設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)問(wen)題及其對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)現(xian)代(dai)交(jiao)通設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，并運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)信息(xi)系統(tong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間優化(hua)(hua)(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)網絡(luo)點集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)狀(zhuang)交(jiao)叉(cha)口模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)（PINPS）來(lai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)續道(dao)路(lu)網附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)通設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)確保面(mian)域需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)目標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完全(quan)覆蓋[17]。伴(ban)隨著高度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)、建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)穩定發(fa)展期，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)隨之進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)成(cheng)熟(shu)發(fa)展階段(duan)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)術界(jie)開始探討(tao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)續效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)即(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。McAllister（1976）提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計中(zhong)，規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)師(shi)應(ying)當堅持(chi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平與(yu)(yu)(yu)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則，并從(cong)(cong)理(li)(li)論與(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)踐(jian)兩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)與(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)指標(biao)，如(ru)：配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間區(qu)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)，他還指出，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平原則在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)顯得更為(wei)重(zhong)要[18]。NjohAJ（1994）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)從(cong)(cong)居(ju)民對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)機構(gou)(gou)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)滿意(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)，建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象滿意(yi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供機構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)喀麥隆（cameroon）城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供機構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。Ko-WanTsou（2005）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)認(ren)為(wei)實(shi)現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)師(shi)要實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)極為(wei)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)，結合(he)(he)GIS和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間分析(xi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)評(ping)估(gu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)，以(yi)建(jian)立(li)綜合(he)(he)平衡指數，為(wei)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)者分析(xi)現(xian)狀(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平狀(zhuang)況[19]。LiaoChin-Hsien（2009）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)認(ren)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)范圍可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)改(gai)善公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，他們運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)GIS網絡(luo)分析(xi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間句法(fa)來(lai)分析(xi)道(dao)路(lu)整合(he)(he)下公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環境質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)善，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)GIS和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間句法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)范圍勘測評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)[20]。TOMCarlson（2011）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)信息(xi)系統(tong)（GIS）創建(jian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)選址(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)建(jian)立(li)在(zai)(zai)華(hua)盛頓皮爾(er)斯郡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)社(she)區(qu)老年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)預防設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)項(xiang)目，結果表(biao)明，GIS技術可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)決(jue)定確切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程時間，同時可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)社(she)區(qu)預防設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)選擇(ze)(ze)地(di)(di)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)目標(biao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)群達(da)(da)到(dao)最大(da)化(hua)(hua)(hua)[21]。

國內研究進展

受(shou)西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)學(xue)術(shu)思(si)潮和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)我(wo)國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)實(shi)(shi)踐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，國(guo)內(nei)學(xue)者從(cong)(cong)(cong)1990年(nian)(nian)代末開(kai)始關(guan)(guan)(guan)注(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。21世紀以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，隨(sui)著“服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)、“友(you)好型(xing)(xing)(xing)”城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)理念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)行(xing)(xing)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)也日益(yi)增多(duo)，研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焦點集中于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)、影響因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)以(yi)(yi)及配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)情(qing)況進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，找出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，可以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)(hua)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)供(gong)借鑒(jian)。學(xue)術(shu)界主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)從(cong)(cong)(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)、空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)以(yi)(yi)及對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。在(zai)(zai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)異(yi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，高軍波（2011）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)廣(guang)(guang)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)，運用(yong)(yong)問(wen)卷(juan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)法(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)態學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)表明(ming)廣(guang)(guang)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)異(yi)特(te)征(zheng)顯(xian)著，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)階(jie)層(ceng)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)群體(ti)(ti)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)套及可達性(xing)(xing)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)顯(xian)著差異(yi)，社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)給及可達性(xing)(xing)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)呈非完(wan)全一致性(xing)(xing)[22]。應(ying)(ying)聯行(xing)(xing)（2004）通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)杭(hang)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)杭(hang)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)脫節、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管理脫節、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)套設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)脫節等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)要(yao)(yao)加強社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)[23]。李(li)薇（2010）以(yi)(yi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合北(bei)京(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)案(an)例(li)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)剖析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)中，存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)低、針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)前(qian)瞻性(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足、缺乏公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)便(bian)民(min)性(xing)(xing)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)以(yi)(yi)及規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)、管理、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)部(bu)門(men)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)割等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)明(ming)確項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、統(tong)籌規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)、完(wan)善(shan)機(ji)制(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)加強社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議[24]。李(li)曌(zhao)（2010）通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)西安(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)齡(ling)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)情(qing)況進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調(diao)(diao)研(yan)(yan)，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)完(wan)善(shan)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)層(ceng)次(ci)、細(xi)化(hua)(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、完(wan)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)策法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、推動(dong)(dong)(dong)各(ge)種政(zheng)(zheng)策法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)觀念(nian)及完(wan)善(shan)老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)福利(li)(li)政(zheng)(zheng)策等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)老(lao)齡(ling)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議[25]。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合理布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)，總(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)說，目(mu)(mu)前(qian)影響我(wo)國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)有地(di)(di)(di)(di)形、氣候等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)自(zi)然因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)，也有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平、居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)經濟(ji)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)。呂勤(qin)（2009）根(gen)據蘇(su)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)集中居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)（集宿(su)(su)(su)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)從(cong)(cong)(cong)使用(yong)(yong)者對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿意度和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)度調(diao)(diao)查(cha)以(yi)(yi)及對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)集宿(su)(su)(su)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管理者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)研(yan)(yan)入(ru)(ru)手，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)集宿(su)(su)(su)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有選擇多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)、管理人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)便(bian)利(li)(li)化(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)特(te)征(zheng)，其(qi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)影響因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)、價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀念(nian)、收入(ru)(ru)水(shui)平和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)文化(hua)(hua)程度等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)[26]。張(zhang)帆(fan)（2010）在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)西安(an)曲江新(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)性(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)了(le)(le)西安(an)曲江新(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)性(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)新(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、收入(ru)(ru)差別(bie)、消費結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)信息(xi)網絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興起等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)[27]。覃文麗（2011）對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)重(zhong)慶市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)聚居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)影響重(zhong)慶市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有自(zi)然、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、經濟(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)科(ke)技(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)[28]。張(zhang)少偉(wei)（2011）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、演變(bian)及組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，總(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)了(le)(le)影響城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有：城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)、居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)、居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)平、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)[29]。蔡靚（2007）通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)闡(chan)述(shu)高科(ke)技(ji)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)影響科(ke)技(ji)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)(su)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)(su)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)(su)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)(su)[30]。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)決(jue)定(ding)各(ge)項(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)優(you)化(hua)(hua)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程，可以(yi)(yi)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)合理調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)、保(bao)證城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平合理地(di)(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)界對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)、布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)探(tan)討(tao)(tao)(tao)。在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理念(nian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，周志(zhi)清（2008）提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)郊結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)融入(ru)(ru)更(geng)(geng)多(duo)經濟(ji)層(ceng)面(mian)、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)層(ceng)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)考，遵循“以(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理念(nian)，統(tong)籌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則、動(dong)(dong)(dong)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程，促(cu)使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)郊結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)良(liang)好運營(ying)[31]。從(cong)(cong)(cong)集約用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度出(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)整(zheng)(zheng)合完(wan)善(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，可以(yi)(yi)優(you)化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)源，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)成熟公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)層(ceng)級性(xing)(xing)[32]，巫昊燕（2009）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)從(cong)(cong)(cong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)導(dao)向和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)兩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)探(tan)討(tao)(tao)(tao)了(le)(le)基(ji)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)級體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)性(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整(zheng)(zheng)合規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)及其(qi)策略[33]。陳弋（2009）提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)確立(li)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)網絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)混合、功(gong)能上(shang)(shang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)層(ceng)次(ci)演進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理念(nian)，強調(diao)(diao)從(cong)(cong)(cong)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)層(ceng)次(ci)演進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，提(ti)供(gong)網絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)、富有彈性(xing)(xing)、有機(ji)增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，并以(yi)(yi)杭(hang)州灣經濟(ji)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)證研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，引導(dao)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)沿著“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平”和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)“協(xie)調(diao)(diao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)[34]。翟坤(kun)（2011）指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)注(zhu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)背后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)精(jing)神、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文關(guan)(guan)(guan)懷，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)愛，營(ying)造和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)諧社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)濱海新(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)強調(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)理念(nian)[35]。在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)上(shang)(shang)，越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)重(zhong)計算(suan)機(ji)信息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)、計量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)數(shu)學(xue)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理信息(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)（GIS）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)。伍少坤(kun)（2008）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)將基(ji)于(yu)GeoCA（地(di)(di)(di)(di)理元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)胞(bao)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)擴(kuo)張(zhang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)引入(ru)(ru)到傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Location-allocation選址模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)中，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一個(ge)動(dong)(dong)(dong)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)選址模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)框(kuang)架，探(tan)索(suo)如(ru)何將選址結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)在(zai)(zai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形態預測基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)，促(cu)使選址結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)更(geng)(geng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有客(ke)觀、先見[36]。林康（2009）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)基(ji)于(yu)所(suo)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)品(pin)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)決(jue)策支持系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)定(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)角(jiao)度深入(ru)(ru)探(tan)討(tao)(tao)(tao)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)效應(ying)(ying)，以(yi)(yi)優(you)化(hua)(hua)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)[37]。劉(liu)萌偉(wei)（2010）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)基(ji)于(yu)Pareto多(duo)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)算(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)Pareto多(duo)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)算(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)選址模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)[38]。陳旸（2010）提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)將地(di)(di)(di)(di)理信息(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(GIS)技(ji)術(shu)引入(ru)(ru)到社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)體(ti)(ti)育服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中，利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)GIS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)輔助決(jue)策功(gong)能進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)體(ti)(ti)育服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)選址和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)優(you)化(hua)(hua)[39]。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)層(ceng)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)(lei)別(bie)、數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)詳細(xi)內(nei)容，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)特(te)征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)難以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)整(zheng)(zheng)齊劃(hua)(hua)(hua)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此，國(guo)內(nei)學(xue)者針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)客(ke)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)廣(guang)(guang)泛探(tan)討(tao)(tao)(tao)。張(zhang)大(da)維（2006）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)梳(shu)理了(le)(le)各(ge)種社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)理念(nian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)策導(dao)向后，從(cong)(cong)(cong)武(wu)(wu)漢(han)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)手，參照住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)、北(bei)京(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)上(shang)(shang)海等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)，研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)了(le)(le)武(wu)(wu)漢(han)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有一般意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議[40]。王(wang)亞鈞（2008）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)在(zai)(zai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)現(xian)(xian)有有關(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合北(bei)京(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)優(you)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舊(jiu)(jiu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)護，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)新(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)(lei)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)節地(di)(di)(di)(di)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)[41]。武(wu)(wu)田艷(yan)（2011）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各(ge)個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定(ding)思(si)路、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種類(lei)(lei)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)及規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演變(bian)歷程進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)詳細(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，基(ji)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)屬性(xing)(xing)、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)趨(qu)勢探(tan)討(tao)(tao)(tao)了(le)(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則：適用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)態性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)彈性(xing)(xing)[42]。宋嶺(ling)（2011）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，概括(kuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)以(yi)(yi)必要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)、自(zi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)性(xing)(xing)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，并結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)齡(ling)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)，有針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)探(tan)討(tao)(tao)(tao)各(ge)自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)特(te)征(zheng)，在(zai)(zai)此基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)總(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)出(chu)(chu)(chu)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則[43]。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)、空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平評(ping)價(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)。韓傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)峰（2004）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)書(shu)館服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)，給出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計算(suan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，包(bao)括(kuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)計算(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)向量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)計算(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，并指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)這些(xie)計算(suan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)可以(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)同(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一大(da)類(lei)(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)[44]。陳秀雯（2007）分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)了(le)(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)內(nei)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、滿足居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)（如(ru)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)、舒適性(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)能綜合評(ping)價(jia)(jia)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)[45]。高軍波（2011）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)綜合公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，借助三維模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬及GIS空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)自(zi)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)技(ji)術(shu)，探(tan)討(tao)(tao)(tao)了(le)(le)廣(guang)(guang)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)格局(ju)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平性(xing)(xing)特(te)征(zheng)及其(qi)形成機(ji)制(zhi)[46]。馬(ma)慧強（2011）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)我(wo)國(guo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)級基(ji)本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)平測度指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，用(yong)(yong)熵值(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)我(wo)國(guo)286個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)級以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（除拉薩）進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)我(wo)國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)高，空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)差異(yi)明(ming)顯(xian)；基(ji)本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)平與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平呈正(zheng)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)且(qie)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)呈“群”狀(zhuang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)[47]。

結論與展望

通(tong)過(guo)(guo)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)內(nei)(nei)容與(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)，發(fa)現(xian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)主(zhu)要集(ji)中(zhong)于(yu)(yu)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)管理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)(deng)領域(yu)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響因素(su)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)總(zong)結、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)達性(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)；而國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)相(xiang)關(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者主(zhu)要關(guan)注(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)現(xian)狀(zhuang)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)，探討現(xian)狀(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題與(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)影(ying)(ying)響因素(su)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制定和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)等(deng)(deng)。對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)總(zong)結，發(fa)現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)各種類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流程(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)致(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)狀(zhuang)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)—設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)—設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)—設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)價四個(ge)環(huan)節，但對(dui)于(yu)(yu)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、社(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)對(dui)已(yi)(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)優(you)化(hua)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)(cheng)又稍有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)（圖1）。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者針對(dui)這四個(ge)環(huan)節選取(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)展(zhan)開了(le)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)、定量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，取(qu)得(de)了(le)明顯進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)（表1）。總(zong)體(ti)(ti)而言，經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)(da)半個(ge)世紀(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)相(xiang)當完(wan)(wan)善，相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)也(ye)層(ceng)出(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)窮。而我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)起步(bu)較晚，在(zai)CNKI數(shu)(shu)(shu)據庫檢索(suo)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)到(dao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)關(guan)注(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)始于(yu)(yu)1998年號(hao)敏惠對(dui)于(yu)(yu)鐵道小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準及其(qi)(qi)準則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制定研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)[48]。雖(sui)然剛(gang)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)10余年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)與(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)均不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)完(wan)(wan)善與(yu)(yu)(yu)嫻(xian)熟，但從(cong)一(yi)(yi)開始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)單(dan)借(jie)鑒(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)逐步(bu)發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)嘗試立足(zu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)情，探索(suo)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，相(xiang)關(guan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)取(qu)得(de)了(le)長足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)。然而，目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)只關(guan)注(zhu)發(fa)達地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，實證(zheng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)限，也(ye)尚未(wei)(wei)形成(cheng)較為系(xi)(xi)統與(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)與(yu)(yu)(yu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)框架。而且(qie)，近(jin)年來(lai)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)似(si)乎遇(yu)到(dao)瓶頸了(le)，相(xiang)關(guan)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)沒有(you)(you)取(qu)得(de)突破性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)；此(ci)外(wai)(wai)，由于(yu)(yu)用于(yu)(yu)深入(ru)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎數(shu)(shu)(shu)據資(zi)(zi)料很難獲取(qu)，無法(fa)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)深入(ru)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，短期(qi)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)也(ye)無法(fa)突破。基(ji)于(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，展(zhan)望未(wei)(wei)來(lai)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后續研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)應(ying)注(zhu)意拓(tuo)寬研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)案(an)例(li)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)；逐步(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)；創(chuang)新(xin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)關(guan)注(zhu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)背(bei)景(jing)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。（1）拓(tuo)寬研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)范圍。西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)高度城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)使得(de)人口主(zhu)要集(ji)中(zhong)于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，而我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)土面(mian)(mian)(mian)積遼闊，且(qie)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)還處在(zai)加速發(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)等(deng)(deng)級結構(gou)呈“金字塔形”，大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)只占很小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)且(qie)集(ji)中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)于(yu)(yu)沿海發(fa)達地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。相(xiang)反，在(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)廣大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)西部、內(nei)(nei)陸地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)還有(you)(you)相(xiang)當數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。拓(tuo)寬公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)案(an)例(li)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及其(qi)(qi)居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)、規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)，擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實證(zheng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)從(cong)橫向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)對(dui)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)更(geng)為全面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解(jie)；另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)從(cong)縱(zong)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)對(dui)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)等(deng)(deng)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)深入(ru)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，為構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)提供(gong)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實證(zheng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。（2）建(jian)(jian)(jian)立具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。為廣大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)民(min)提供(gong)各種類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)職能(neng)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，由于(yu)(yu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)處于(yu)(yu)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段，且(qie)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)它國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)情不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，一(yi)(yi)味借(jie)鑒(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)指導我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)(ju)限性(xing)(xing)(xing)；另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)(she)會轉型(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)快速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)為我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)提供(gong)了(le)豐富而必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐基(ji)礎，逐步(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立適合(he)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，將是(shi)(shi)未(wei)(wei)來(lai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)趨(qu)勢。（3）創(chuang)新(xin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。從(cong)表1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)比(bi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明顯看(kan)出(chu)(chu)，無論(lun)(lun)在(zai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)還是(shi)(shi)質量(liang)(liang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)論(lun)(lun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術手段研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)均顯不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)多數(shu)(shu)(shu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者還是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采用定性(xing)(xing)(xing)案(an)例(li)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)或者簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“統計(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)描述(shu)”為主(zhu)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獲取(qu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)統計(ji)(ji)資(zi)(zi)料和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標準為主(zhu)，在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)線路上(shang)(shang)(shang)則主(zhu)要以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)演繹(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)居(ju)多，且(qie)很多配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)都(dou)直接(jie)借(jie)鑒(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)果，缺乏自主(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)。隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微觀(guan)化(hua)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)應(ying)該逐步(bu)轉向(xiang)定量(liang)(liang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改進(jin)(jin)或者行(xing)為主(zhu)義(yi)等(deng)(deng)微觀(guan)層(ceng)次，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時，綜合(he)借(jie)鑒(jian)工程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術等(deng)(deng)其(qi)(qi)它學(xue)(xue)(xue)科的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，完(wan)(wan)善我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。（4）關(guan)注(zhu)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。進(jin)(jin)入(ru)信(xin)息(xi)時代(dai)(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)，互(hu)聯網深刻地(di)(di)(di)改變著城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，整個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)信(xin)息(xi)網絡聯系(xi)(xi)起來(lai)，這也(ye)改變了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)。為了(le)更(geng)好地(di)(di)(di)與(yu)(yu)(yu)時代(dai)(dai)接(jie)軌，與(yu)(yu)(yu)居(ju)民(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)(dai)特征相(xiang)吻合(he)，關(guan)注(zhu)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)將成(cheng)為數(shu)(shu)(shu)字城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)背(bei)景(jing)下(xia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。

隨著現代免疫學、冷凍(dong)(dong)生物學、分子生物學的發(fa)展，冷凍(dong)(dong)保護劑(ji)、免疫抑制

劑的應用以及注重移植結構(gou)及功能的完(wan)整。冷凍保存同(tong)種異體靜脈無論是(shi)基(ji)礎研究

還是臨床(chuang)實踐都獲(huo)得相當經(jing)驗(yan)，但(dan)存在移(yi)植物再(zai)狹窄及替代(dai)小口徑動脈(＜2mm)

失(shi)敗(bai)率高的(de)缺點。近(jin)年來，有關動脈作為血管替代(dai)物逐漸被重(zhong)視(shi)，取得一些進展

，但尚需繼(ji)續長(chang)期地探索和實踐。

1血管移植免疫進展(zhan)

在(zai)充滿(man)生機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)21世紀，信(xin)息(xi)、生物技術(shu)(shu)、能(neng)源、環境(jing)、先進制造(zao)技術(shu)(shu)和(he)國(guo)防的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)速發(fa)展必然對(dui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)提出新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)，元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)型(xing)化、智能(neng)化、高(gao)(gao)集成(cheng)、高(gao)(gao)密度存儲和(he)超快傳輸等(deng)(deng)對(dui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸要求(qiu)越來(lai)越小(xiao)；航空航天、新(xin)型(xing)軍事裝備(bei)及先進制造(zao)技術(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)對(dui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)性能(neng)要求(qiu)越來(lai)越高(gao)(gao)。新(xin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)，以及在(zai)此基(ji)礎上誘發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)技術(shu)(shu)。新(xin)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)是(shi)未(wei)來(lai)10年對(dui)社會發(fa)展、經(jing)濟(ji)振興、國(guo)力(li)(li)增強(qiang)最(zui)有影響(xiang)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略研究(jiu)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)，納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)將是(shi)起重(zhong)要作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)之一。納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)是(shi)當今(jin)新(xin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)研究(jiu)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)中(zhong)最(zui)富有活力(li)(li)、對(dui)未(wei)來(lai)經(jing)濟(ji)和(he)社會發(fa)展有著(zhu)十分(fen)(fen)重(zhong)要影響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)對(dui)象，也是(shi)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)科(ke)技中(zhong)最(zui)為活躍、最(zui)接近應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分(fen)(fen)。近年來(lai)，納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)取得了引(yin)人注目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)就。例(li)如，存儲密度達到每平方某(mou)時400G的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁性納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)棒陣(zhen)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)子磁盤、成(cheng)本低廉、發(fa)光(guang)頻段可調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)效納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)陣(zhen)列激(ji)光(guang)器、價(jia)格低廉高(gao)(gao)能(neng)量(liang)轉化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池和(he)熱電(dian)轉化元件、用作軌道炮道軌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐燒蝕高(gao)(gao)強(qiang)高(gao)(gao)韌納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)復合材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問世，充分(fen)(fen)顯(xian)示了它在(zai)國(guo)民經(jing)濟(ji)新(xin)型(xing)支柱產業(ye)和(he)高(gao)(gao)技術(shu)(shu)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)潛力(li)(li)。正(zheng)像美國(guo)科(ke)學家估計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“這(zhe)種人們肉眼(yan)看不見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極微小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質很(hen)可能(neng)給予(yu)各個領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)帶來(lai)一場(chang)革命”。納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用將對(dui)如何調(diao)整國(guo)民經(jing)濟(ji)支柱產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)局、設計新(xin)產品、形成(cheng)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產業(ye)及改造(zao)傳統產業(ye)注入(ru)高(gao)(gao)科(ke)技含量(liang)提供(gong)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機遇(yu)。

研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)重要科學意義(yi)在于(yu)它開辟了人(ren)們認識(shi)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)層次(ci)，是(shi)知識(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)源泉。由于(yu)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)結構(gou)單元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)（1～100urn）與物(wu)質中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)許多特(te)征長(chang)度(du)，如電子的(de)(de)(de)德(de)布洛意波長(chang)、超(chao)導相(xiang)干長(chang)度(du)、隧(sui)穿勢壘厚度(du)、鐵磁(ci)性臨界尺(chi)(chi)寸相(xiang)當，從(cong)而(er)導致納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)、化學特(te)性既不同于(yu)微觀(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)原子、分(fen)子，也(ye)不同于(yu)宏觀(guan)(guan)物(wu)體，從(cong)而(er)把人(ren)們探索(suo)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)、創(chuang)造(zao)知識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力延伸(shen)到(dao)介于(yu)宏觀(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)微觀(guan)(guan)物(wu)體之間的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間領(ling)域(yu)。在納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)領(ling)域(yu)發現新(xin)現象(xiang)，認識(shi)新(xin)規律，提出(chu)新(xin)概念(nian)，建立新(xin)理(li)論，為構(gou)筑(zhu)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)科學體系新(xin)框架奠定基礎，也(ye)將極大豐富納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)物(wu)理(li)和(he)(he)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)化學等新(xin)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)內涵。世紀(ji)之交(jiao)高韌(ren)性納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)陶(tao)瓷、超(chao)強納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)金屬等仍然(ran)(ran)(ran)是(shi)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)領(ling)域(yu)重要的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)課題；納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)結構(gou)設計，異(yi)質、異(yi)相(xiang)和(he)(he)不同性質的(de)(de)(de)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)基元(yuan)（零維納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)微粒、一維納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)管、納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)棒和(he)(he)納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)絲）的(de)(de)(de)組合。納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)基元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面修飾改(gai)性等形成了當今納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)新(xin)熱點，人(ren)們可(ke)以(yi)有更多的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由度(du)按自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)意愿合成具有特(te)殊性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。利(li)用新(xin)物(wu)性、新(xin)原理(li)、新(xin)方法設計納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)結構(gou)原理(li)性器件以(yi)及納(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)復合傳統材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)改(gai)性正孕育著新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)突破(po)。

1研究形狀和趨勢

納米(mi)材(cai)料制備和應(ying)用研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)納米(mi)技(ji)(ji)術很可能成為(wei)下一世紀(ji)(ji)前(qian)20年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)主導技(ji)(ji)術，帶(dai)動納米(mi)產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)發展。世紀(ji)(ji)之(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)世界先進國(guo)家(jia)都從(cong)未來發展戰略高(gao)度重新(xin)(xin)布(bu)局(ju)納米(mi)材(cai)料研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，在千年(nian)交(jiao)(jiao)替(ti)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵時刻，迎接新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰，抓緊納米(mi)材(cai)料和柏米(mi)結構的(de)(de)(de)立項，迅(xun)速組織科技(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)圍繞國(guo)家(jia)制定的(de)(de)(de)目標進行(xing)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)十(shi)分重要的(de)(de)(de)。

納(na)米(mi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)誕生州(zhou)多年(nian)來(lai)所取(qu)(qu)得的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就及對(dui)各個(ge)領域的(de)(de)(de)影響和滲透一(yi)直引人(ren)注目。進(jin)入(ru)90年(nian)代，納(na)米(mi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)研(yan)(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)內涵不(bu)斷擴大，領域逐漸拓寬(kuan)。一(yi)個(ge)突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是基礎(chu)研(yan)(yan)究和應用研(yan)(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)銜接十分緊密，實(shi)驗室成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua)速度之快出(chu)乎人(ren)們預料(liao)(liao)(liao)，基礎(chu)研(yan)(yan)究和應用研(yan)(yan)究都取(qu)(qu)得了(le)重要的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)展。美(mei)國已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)地制備了(le)晶(jing)粒為(wei)50urn的(de)(de)(de)納(na)米(mi)Cu的(de)(de)(de)決體(ti)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，硬度比粗晶(jing)Cu提(ti)高5倍(bei)；晶(jing)粒為(wei)7urn的(de)(de)(de)Pd，屈服應力比粗晶(jing)Pd高5倍(bei)；具有(you)高強度的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬間化(hua)合物的(de)(de)(de)增塑(su)問題一(yi)直引起人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)關注，晶(jing)粒的(de)(de)(de)納(na)米(mi)化(hua)為(wei)解決這一(yi)問題帶來(lai)了(le)希望，納(na)米(mi)金(jin)屬間化(hua)合物FqsAJZCr室成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua)，到目前為(wei)止，已形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)具有(you)自主知識產權的(de)(de)(de)幾家納(na)米(mi)粉體(ti)產業，睦(mu)次鸚米(mi)氧(yang)化(hua)硅(gui)。氧(yang)化(hua)鈦、氮化(hua)硅(gui)核區個(ge)文的(de)(de)(de)易實(shi)他借個(ge)緲(miao)陽放寬(kuan)在(zai)納(na)米(mi)添加功(gong)能陶瓷和結構陶瓷改性方面也(ye)取(qu)(qu)得了(le)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。

根據納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)材(cai)料發展趨勢以及(ji)它在對(dui)世紀高技術發展所(suo)占有的重要地位(wei)，世界發達國(guo)(guo)家的政府都在部署(shu)本來(lai)10～15年(nian)(nian)(nian)有關納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)科(ke)(ke)技研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家基(ji)金委員會（NSF）1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)把(ba)納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)功(gong)能材(cai)料的合(he)成(cheng)加工和(he)(he)應用(yong)作(zuo)為重要基(ji)礎研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)項目向全國(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)技界招標(biao)；美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)DARPA（國(guo)(guo)家先進技術研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)部）的幾個計劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)里也把(ba)納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)科(ke)(ke)技作(zuo)為重要研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)象；日本近匕年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)制(zhi)定了各種計劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用(yong)于(yu)納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)科(ke)(ke)技的研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，例如Ogala計劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、ERATO計劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)量子功(gong)能器件的基(ji)本原理和(he)(he)器件利用(yong)的研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)計劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)，納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)科(ke)(ke)技投資(zi)(zi)1．28億(yi)美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)；德國(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)技術部幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)聯邦(bang)政府制(zhi)定了1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)到2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)15年(nian)(nian)(nian)發展納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)科(ke)(ke)技的計劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)；英國(guo)(guo)政府出巨資(zi)(zi)資(zi)(zi)助(zhu)(zhu)納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)科(ke)(ke)技的研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)；1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)西歐投資(zi)(zi)1．2億(yi)美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)。據1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月8日《自(zi)然》最新報道，納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)材(cai)料應用(yong)潛力引起美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)白(bai)宮的注意(yi)；美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)總統克(ke)林(lin)頓親自(zi)過問(wen)納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)材(cai)料和(he)(he)納米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)技術的研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，決(jue)定加大投資(zi)(zi)，今后(hou)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)經費資(zi)(zi)助(zhu)(zhu)從2．5億(yi)美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)增